AU589142B2

AU589142B2 - Microbiocidal composition and method of preparation thereof

Info

Publication number: AU589142B2
Application number: AU49658/85A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Robert H. Mcintosh
Original assignee: Interface Research Corp
Current assignee: Interface Research Corp
Priority date: 1984-10-09
Filing date: 1985-10-07
Publication date: 1989-10-05
Anticipated expiration: 2005-10-07
Also published as: AU4965885A

Description

MICROBIOCIDAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF

Technical Field

The present invention relates to microbiocidal compositions and methods for the preparation and use of such compositions. Properly used in accordance with the present invention, these microbiocidal compositions are effective in killing or inhibiting a wide variety of harmful, destructive, or offensive microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, yeasts and molds.

Background

Discussion of the present invention and its background will be facilitated by definition of several terms.

As used herein, the term "microorganism" means any organism that cannot be seen with the naked eye and includes organisms such as bacteria, molds, yeasts, fungi and viruses. "Antimicrobial" and "microbiocidal" describe the killing of, as well as the inhibition of the growth of, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and molds. "Bactericidal" describes the killing or inhibition of the growth of bacteria. "Fungicidal" describes the killing of, as well as the inhibition of the growth of, fungi, yeasts and molds. The term "viricidal" is used to describe the inactivation of virus particles so that they are unable to infect host cells.

The term ^"plastic," as used herein, includes both thermosetting and thermoplastic matcπals. Examples of "plastic" materials include, but are not limited to, polyolcfins (such as polyethylenes, pol propylenes, polybutylenes) polystyrenes, vinyl phenolics, vinyl acetates, polymeric vinyl chlorides, ureas, melamines, acrylics, polyesters, epoxies and nylons. The term "molded" as used in this application is used in its broad sense to include any technique for forming plastic or other materials. Molding is generally, but not always, accomplished with elevated termperaturε and includes, but is not limited to, forming methods such as potting, extruding, sheeting, calendering, pulltruding, casting, vacuum forming, blow molding, and the like.

The term "cleansing agent" includes any substance capable of cleaning, emulsifying, or removing unwanted material from a surface. The term "detergent" describes any substance or product which is capable of dislodging, removing, or dispersing solid and liquid soils from a surface being cleansed. The term "detergent" also includes soaps comprising metal salts of long chain fatty acids. The term "disinfectant" includes any liquid that is capable of killing or inhibiting microorganisms.

Bacteria, fungi, viruses and other microorganisms are always present in our environment. Such microorganisms are frequently an essential part of ecological systems, industrial processes and healthy human and animal bodily functions such as digestion. In other instances, however, the presence of microorganisms is highly undesirable because they may cause illnesses or death of humans and animals, create odors and damage or destroy a wide variety of materials.

The species and numbers of microorganisms present vary depending on the general environment, on the nutrients and the moisture available for the growth of the microorganisms, and on humidity and temperature of the local environment Nutrients for microorganisms abound in-the normal environment.

Any protein matter such as dried skin, discarded foods, plants, and animal wastes all are excellent nutrient media for many types of potentially harmful microorganisms. Furthermore, many organic synthetic and natural materials like plastic coatings and objects, and wood, paper and natural fibers can serve as nutrients for miccroorganisms which will degrade those materials. In addition, certain bacteria are capable of remaining viable in a dormant state on floors or on objects for long periods of time until they are deposited in the proper media for growth. Consequently, potentially harmful microorganisms can be transported merely by walking on floors, brushing against walls or furniture or by handling objects.

It is well recognized that a major difficulty in health care facilities, such as hospitals and nursing homes, is the spread of dangerous infectious diseases caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. The problem is exacerbated in these facilities because many of the patients are in a weakened condition due to their primary health care problem. A microorganism that would not be a major threat to a healthy person could be fatal to a patient with a diminished capacity to defend himself from infection.

Potentially dangerous microorganisms are spread in health care facilities and elsewhere by a variety of vectors. One of the most common vectors is health care personnel. For example, a nurse or doctor may administer care to one patient and then be called upon to treat a second patient Even though he or she may carefully wash his or her hands before treating the second patient, potentially dangerous microorganisms may be transferred from the first patient to the second patient The microorganism can then cause a serious infection in the second patient.

Furthermore, plastic products are often used in hospitals and other health care facilities. These products are particularly susceptable to contamination by bacteria and other harmful organisms. Conventionally, the plastic products in these facilities are periodically cleaned with strong cleansers to remove or kill accumulated microorganisms. Between these cleanings, however, it is possible for the plastic products to accumulate a sufficient quantity or quality of bacteria or other microorganisms to constitute a major vector for cross-infection or spread of infectious diseases.

Pathogenic microorganisms can also be deposited on fabrics such as towels, clothes, laboratory coats and other fabrics. These microorganisms can remain viable on these fabrics for long periods of time. If the fabrics are used by several different people, the microorganisms can be transferred by people walking from one pan of the facility to another.

As mentioned above, the plastics that are used to make plastic objects and coatings can themselves be a substrate for growth of various microorganisms, such as bacteria, mold and mildew. The same is true for fibers and fabrics, some of which are plastics and other organic materials such as wood and paper. When these microorganisms grow on or in a plastic product, fiber, or fabric, they form unsightly colonies. In addition, such microorganisms can eventually break down a plastic, fiber, fabric, or other material. Plastic, fiber and fabric products often must therefore be frequently cleaned with a strong cleanser to destroy, or at least control, the growth of the microorganisms. A more effective approach to the problem is clearly needed.

Potentially destructive microorganisms also tend to collect and reside in clothing and in fabrics regardless of whether they provide a nutrient substrate. Clothing that is used when exercising is particularly susceptable to the accumulation of destructive microorganisms. If these microorganisms are not killed or inhibited, they may cause extensive damage to the fabric, not to mention causing offensive odors and infections. Washing with conventional detergents does not always kill or remove many of these microorganisms. Thus, a microbiocidal additive is needed that will kill or inhibit the microorganisms residing on the fabric and, at the same time, not cause deterioration of the fabric and not cause adverse physical reactions in the individual that is wearing the fabric.

In short, the control of microbial contamination and infection has been a major problem throughout history in both industry and the home, and such infection and contamination continues to cause disease, death, and destruction of property. It has proved difficult, however, to develop a microbiocidal additive that is effective in controlling the growth of a wide variety of unwanted microorganisms and is, at the same time, safe for use around human beings and animals. Accordingly, there is an acute need, both in industry and in the home, for a safe and effective microbiocidal additive that can be used in or on a wide variety of substances to impart microbiocidal activity to the product from which the substance is made.

One of the sources of difficulty in the control of potentially harmful microorganisms is the extreme variability of response of various microorganisms to conventional microbiocidal agents. For example, bacteria, which are classified as procaryotes, can be killed or inhibited by many different types of antibiotics. However, these same antibiotics that are effective against procaryotic organisms are usually ineffective against eucaryotic microorganisms, such as fungi and yeasts.

Even within the family of Bactetiaceae, there are two broad categories of bacteria known as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These classifications stem from the ability or non-ability of bacteria to absorb certain vital stains, and the two groups of bacteria generally respond differently to the same microbiocidal agent A particular agent that may be effective against one group may not be effective against the other group.

One conventional method of inhibiting the growth of both eucaiyotes and procaryotes or both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is to combine two or more microbiocidal inhibitors, each designed to inhibit or kill a specific organism or class of organisms. However, various problems arise when introducing two or more additives into a material such as a detergent The multiple additive system may alter the physical properties of the detergent into which it is mixed In addition, the multiple components must be tested to insure compatibility and continued microbiocidal effectiveness when combined with the detergent. The relative microbiocidal or microbiostatic strength of each of the components in the multiple system must be determined. It is not uncommon for the combination of microbiocidal additives to initially have effective inhibiting or killing properties for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms whereupon, with the passage of time, one or the other of the inhibiting additives will deteriorate and lose its effectiveness while the other inhibiting additive remains effective. In addition, one additive may have an unexpected inhibitory effect on the other additive. In addition, the requirement of adding two or more additives can become prohibitively expensive.

The ideal microbiocidal additive must be non-toxic to humans and animals around which the additive is used. Such an additive should not cause an allergic reaction and must have no long term detrimental health effects on humans or animals. Finally, such an microbiocidal additive should be compatible with the material with which it is being used and not cause the material to deteriorate or lose its desired properties. Summary of the Invention

The present invention is a microbiocidal composition comprising a mixture of a substance and an effective amount of a mono-alkyl phosphate derivative having the following formula:

O R

₊ - II

X O— P— O

1 o

wherein R is an alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, X is selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals, Group IIA metals, transition metals, hydrogen, and an organic ion, the substance being selected from the group consisting of plastics, fibers, fabrics, water, wood, detergents, non-permanent coatings and permanent coatings.

The present invention solves the problems described above by providing a composition including a broad spectrum, non-toxic, microbiocidal additive that is effective in killing or inhibiting a wide variety of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, yeasts, molds and fungi.

This microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be added to a wide variety of materials in accordance with the present invention to impart microbiocidal activity to those materials.

For instance, the microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be added to aqueous solutions of detergents in accordance with the present invention to provide microbiocidal cleansing agents. In addition, the present invention can be added to water or other solvents to provide an effective disinfectant

Additionally, the microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be added to both permanent and non-permanent coating materials in accordance with the present invention. When the coating material is applied to a surface, the microbiocidal additive that has been added to the coating material will impart long lasting microbiocidal activity to the surface. Furthermore, the microbiocidal additive of the present invention can also be incorporated into a wide variety of plastics in accordance with the present invention to impart microbiocidal activity to the objects made from the plastics. When incorporated into the plastic material, the microbiocidal additive of the present invention inhibits the growth of microorganisms over a long period of time and protects the plastic from degradation by harmful microorganisms. In addition, the microbiocidal additive utilized in accordance with the present invention does not change the desirable properties of the plastic material.

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be applied topically to both natural and synthetic fibers in accordance with the present invention. The present invention can also be incorporated directly into synthetic fibers to impart microbiocidal activity to the fibers or to fabrics made from the fibers. In addition, the microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be applied directly to a fabric.

As a final illustration, the above described microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be applied to materials as a preservative. For example, the additive can be applied to wood and wood products to inhibit the deterioration of the product due to microbiocidal growth. The microbiocidal additive utilized in practicing the present invention can also be mixed with liquids such as inks, fuels, and cutting oils to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The microbiocidal additive of the present invention is capable of killing the causitive organism of Legionaires' disease, Legionella pneiunophilia. Thus, the present invention embraces addition of the identified compound to cooling tower water to control the growth of this pathological organism.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after a review of the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiment and the appended claims.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment

The present invention relates to compositions including of microbiocidal mono- alkyl phosphate derivatives. When used in accordance with the present invention, the mono-alkyl phosphate derivatives are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms including fungi, yeasts, viruses and bacteria.

The mono-alkyl phosphate derivative utilized in accordance with the present invention inhibits the growth of the following representative Gram- negative and Gram-positive bacteria: Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, Escherichia coli, Escherichia communior, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella species, Salmonella species, Legionella pneiunophilia, Enterobacter aerogenes and Streptococcus species. The mono-alkyl phosphate derivative also inhibits the growth of the following representative fungi and yeasts: Candida albicans, Trichophyton metagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale and Aspergillus niger. In addition, the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative also inactivates Herpes simplex virus. The foregoing microorganisms are representative of those organisms that are responsible for infections in hospitals and other health care facilities.

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be added to water or other solvents to provide a disinfectant or can be added to a conventional detergent to provide a microbiocidal cleansing agent. The detergents that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, linear alkyl sulfonates and alkyl benzene sulfonates. These detergents also include, but are not limited to, metal salts of long chain fatty acids.

Such a microbiocidal cleansing agent is effective in killing or significantly inhibiting the growth of a wide spectrum of both procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms which may reside on surfaces to be cleaned or treated with the microbiocidal detergent. Thus, in accordance.with the present invention, it has been determined that certain mono-alkyl phosphate derivatives provide unique and unexpected fungicidal, viricidal and bactericidal properties to a conventional detergent.

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be mixed in water at various concentrations and be used as a disinfecting agent to kill or inhibit microorga isms that may reside on that surface. For example, a solution of the additive of the present invention containing from approximately 500 to 1000 parts per million t PPM) of the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative makes an excellent disinfectant for light duty such as mopping and cleaning of hard surfaces such as vinyl walls, floors, counters and table tops.

For more demanding microbiocidal activity such as that required for a surgical scrub, the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative can be mixed in with a conventional detergent at a concentration of between approximately 15% and 70% by weight

The microbiocidal cleansing agent prepared by the addition of the microbiocidal additive of the present invention to a conventional cleansing agent has the capacity to kill or inhibit the growth of many types of bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeasts and other destructive or disease-producing microorganisms which might be on a surface. Such a microbiocidal cleansing agent is particularly effective against both Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can also be added to a wide variety of permanent and non-permanent coating materials. These coatings include paints of various kinds, waxes, and plastic coatings. When the coating material is applied to a surface, the microbiocidal additive in the coating material will impart microbiocidal activity to the surface. The coating materials that can be used with the microbiocidal additive of the present invention include, but are not limited to, coatings formed from materials including the acrylate and methacrylate polymers and copolymers; the vinyl polymers including polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride-acetate, vinyl chloride-vinylidine chloride copolymers; the polyethylene polymers including polyethylene, polyhalogenated ethylenes, polystyrene and the styrenated alkyds. Further coating materials include thermosetting as well as other thermoplastic materials. Illustrative of such materials are the alkyd resins including the modified alkyds and the terpenic and maleic alkyds, the amino resins including urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde; the protein plastics including casein, zein, keratin, peanut and soy bean plastics; the cellulosics including cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate

. butyrate, regenerated cellulose, lignocellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethv 1 cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose; the epoxy resins; the ethylene and fluoroethylene polymers; the furan resins; the polyamides; the phenolics including phenol-formaldehyde phenol- furfural and resorcinol-formaldehyde, the polyester resins including the saturated polyesters, the unsaturated polyesters and the polyfunctional unsaturated esters and the silicones. The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be mixed in accordance with the present invention with paint or other coatings and applied to underwater surfaces to inhibit d e growth of marine organisms on such coated surfaces.

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be added to a coating material at a concentration of between 0.01 to 10% by weight The preferred concentration of mono-alkyl phosphate derivative in d e coating material is between about 0.1% and 6% by weight

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be incorporated into plastics to impart microbiocidal activity to the plastic products. Plastics treated with the present invention can be used to make a wide variety of products such .as furniture, medical items, eating utensils and the like. There are many advantages to constructing products from plastic materials including lower cost and the possibility of molding the items in a variety of different shapes. Examples of the type of products contemplated include, but are not limited to, mattress covers, crib covers, bassinet covers, draw sheets, cubicle curtains, male and female urinals, toilet seats, bed pans, bed pan liners, wash basins, laminated sheets of melamine and phenolic plastics such as Formica™, Micarta™, and other similar decorative surfacing materials, carafes, tooth brushes, hair brushes, combs, soap holders, denture cups, rolls of utility sheeting, catheters, drainage bags, colostomy pouches, ileostomy pouches, intravenous solution bags, irrigation solution bags, blood bags, tubing, administration sets, donor sets, fountain syringes, enema bags, contact lens holders, examination equipment covers for all classes of trade including a medical doctor, veterinarian, dentists, optometrist, ophthalmologist, and optician, moisture barrier for the building trade to eliminate mold and mildew, table tops, food handling trays, wall paneling, hard floor covering, epoxy tiles, epoxy grout, ceramic tile grout, carpet base, shower curtains, bath mats, and telephone caps for mouth piece and reception unit. The product in some instances may be molded using standard plastic molding techniques. In other instances the product may be assembled from cut or molded parts into a finished product.

The mono-alkyl phosphate derivative is present in the plastic material at a concentration of between approximately 0.1 and 10% by weight. A preferred range of mono-alkyl phosphate derivative in the plastic material is between approximately 1% and 6% by weight

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be applied topically to both natural and synthetic fibers or can be incorporated directly into synthetic fibers during the manufacturing process. The fibers that can be used with the microbiocidal additive of die present invention include but are not limited to fibers made of wool; cotton; polyolefϊn fiber including polypropylene, polybutenes, polyisoprene and their copolymers; polyester fiber including polyethylene terephthalate; polyaramid fiber, cellulose acetate fiber, rayon fiber, nylon fiber; polystyrene fiber; vinyl phenolic fiber; vinyl acetate fiber; vinyl chloride fiber; acrylic fiber; acrylonitrile fiber, and polyurethane fiber.

Fabrics can also be treated with the microbiocidal additive of the present invention. These fabrics include, but are not limited to, woven fabrics made from all of the aforementioned fibers or non- woven fabrics. The non- woven fabrics can be made, for instance, by entangling fibers in a needling process, by using a thermoplastic or adhesive backing or binder, or by fusing fibers together with heat

The mono-alkyl phosphate derivative can be applied to the fiber or fabric by mixing the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative with a liquid such as water or other solvent or dispersant and then dipping, spraying or washing the fiber or fabric in the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative mixture. The concentration of mono-alkyl phosphate derivative in the water or other solvent or dispersant is between 0.01% and 30% by weight. The preferred concentration of mono-alkyl phosphate derivative in dispersant or solvent is between 0.1% and 10% by weight The most preferred concentration of mono-alkyl phosphate derivative in dispersant or solvent is between 1% and 6% by weight Suitable solvents that can be used to apply the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative include, but are not limited to, benzene, toluene, xylene, and hexane. After applying the mixture, the fiber or fabric will be coated with the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative. Therefore, when microorganisms comes into contact with the fiber or fabric, the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative will kill or inhibit the growth of the microorganism. The mono-alkyl phosphate derivative of the present invention can also be homogeneously distributed in a solvated fiber dope or a fiber melt before the fiber is spun at a concentration of between approximately 0.01% and 10% by weight. The preferred concentration of the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative in fiber or fabric is between 0.1% and 6% by weight In accordance with the present invention, the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative can be incorporated dirεctiy into natural or synthetic rubber, including latex rubber, polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl chloride backings or binders that are applied to a fabric. It has been unexpectedly found ti at, when properly incorporated in accordance with the present invention, a portion of the microbiocidal additive of the present invention will slowly migrate from the fabric backing or binder onto the fibers of the fabric thereby imparting microbiocidal activity to the fabric:

Examples of the type of fiber or fabric products contemplated include, but are not limited to, surgical gauze, padding on wound dressings, mattress covers, crib covers, bassinet covers, sailboat sails, tents, draw sheets, cubicle curtains, tooth brushes, hair brushes, fabric wall covering, fabric base, fabric shower curtains, bath mats, athletic clothing such as underclothes, shirts, socks, shorts, pants, shoes and the like, and hospital clothing such as examination robes, physicians coats and nurses uniforms. The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be used as a preservative to prevent degradation of a product due to growth of microorganisms. For example, the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative can be mixed with water or oil and sprayed on wood to preserve the wood against breakdown due to microorganisms. Small amounts of the derivative can be added to inks to prev cnt the growth of microorganisms which will clog ink jets.

The derivative can be added to cutting oils to prolong the useful life of the oil. The additive is also useful in inhibiting growth of microorganisms in fuel and thereby decreasing the likelihood of clogged fuel jets. In accordance with the present invention, the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative can be added to the water in cooling towers or can be included in a coating that is used to coat the surfaces in cooling towers to kill or inhibit the growth of the pathogen that causes Legionaire's disease, Legionella pneiunophilia.

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be used to coat air and other filter material and media thereby killing or reducing the growth of microorganisms in filters. The filter material can be particulate or can be fibrous in composition. When fluids pass through the filter and microorganisms are deposited upon the filter material or exposed to die filter material, the microbiocidal additive of the present invention will inhibit or kill the organism.

The additives can also be added in accordance with the present invention to various grouts, cements and concretes to impart microbiocidal activity to the material. For example, between about 0.01 and 10% of the microbiocidal compound of the present invention can be added to tile grout before application to a surface. The preferred concentration of the microbiocidal additive in grout, cement or concrete is between 0.1% and 6%. The present invention will prevent unsightly mold or mildew from growing in or on the grout, concrete, or cement material.

The mono-alkyl phosphate derivative has also been found to be an effective insecticidal agent and an insect repelling agent When insects such as flies or fleas come into contact with a product treated with the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative of the present invention, the insects are killed or repelled. The insecticidal alkyl phosphate derivative when used in accordance with the present invention can be utilized as an aqueous mixture or can be incorporated into a number of materials such as plastics and the like.

When the alkyl phosphate derivative is mixed with water, it can be applied directly to a surface to impart insecticidal and insect repellant qualities to the surface. In addition, the insecticidal alkyl phosphate additive of the present invention can be mixed with an aqueous detergent and used to wash objects or animals. For example, an aqueous detergent with the alkyl phosphate additive makes an excellaπt soap for washing dogs and cats. The treated detergent kills any fleas that may be on the dog or cat and will repel any new fleas for a long period of time. The alkyl phosphate additive of the present invention is not toxic to the dog or cat

The mono-alkyl phosphate derivative has also been found to be an effective deodorant.

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention is a mono-alkyl phosphate derivative having the following formula:

0 R

.+ — / o- o

\

H wherein:

R = an alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

X = a positive ion.

X can be hydrogen or optionally a Group I-A, Group II-A, or transition (from the Periodic Table) metal ion. In addition, X can be a positively charged organic ion such as a quaternary ammonium ion. The positively charge ion is not necessary for microbiocidal activity.

A preferred structure of the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative comprises the following formula:

wherein:

R = an alkyl group of from 6 to 18 carbon atoms. X = a positive ion as described above.

The microbiocidal additive defined by this formula is water insoluble or only slightly soluble in water and is especially useful for addition to noπ- aqueous products such as plastics, fibers and non-aqueous coatings. An aqueous suspension of the mono-alkyl phosphates with the alkyl group of greater than 6 carbon atoms in the R position can be prepared by adding a surfactant such as Tween 80 (Sigma Chemical Company, St Louis, MO).

An especially preferred structure of the microbiocidal additive of the present invention comprises a mono-alkyl phosphate with the following formula:

O R

.+ — /

O- O o.

\

H wherein:

R = an alkyl group of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

X is a positive ion as described above.

The microbiocidal additive defined by this formula is water soluble and is especially useful as an additive for a disinfectant or for a detergent

An additional preferred structure of the microbiocidal additive of the present invention has the following formula:

O

C_a 8 H ^{X i}17

+ — /

O —

O

\

H

wherein:

X is a positive ion as described above.

Another especially preferred embodiment of die present invention has the following formula: wherein:

X is a positive ion as described above.

This emobidment of the microbiocidal additive of the present invention is soluble in water.

When the additive utilized in accordance with the present invention is incorporated into a non-aqueous material such as a plastic or fiber, the microbiocidal activity of the product can be improved by substituting for "X" a large organic ion such as a tertiary amine. An example of such a compound is a tertiary amine with the following general formula:

Ri

/

R N

\

R, wherein:

R_j = an alkyl group of from 4 to 18 carbon atoms or a hydroxy alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

R2 = an alkyl group of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

It is to be understood that the purpose of me large organic ion is to promote diffusion of the mono-alkyl phosphate from the interior of the plastic or fiber to its surface thereby increasing the microbiocidal activity on the surface of the plastic or fiber. The ion is not necessary for microbiocidal activity. Rather than neutralizing the mono-alkyl phosphate with a large positive organic ion, the microbiocidal additive of the present invention can be mixed witii a non-ionic detergent or a wax or an oil before addition to a material. This will cause the mono-alkyl phosphate to slowly migrate from the interior of the material to the surface where the microbiocidal additive will kill or inhibit microorganisms that may be deposited on d e surface of the object In addition. the mono-alkyl phosphate including a positive organic ion, non-ionic detergent or a wax or an oil will cause the object to maintain its microbiocidal activity over a long period of time.

The type of component to be used as d e "X" substituent will depend largely upon the compatibility of the base material for the "X" substituent

The microbiocidal additive of the present invention may be prepared as follows: One mole of phosphorous pentoxide is reacted with three moles of an alcohol. The alcohol may have between 1 and 18 carbon atoms and the alcohol should be heated to a temperature of between approximately 60° and 120° C depending upon the boiling point of the alcohol used. The phosphorous pentoxide is slowly added to the alcohol while the mixture is vigorously agitated. The reaction is complete two to four hours after the addition of phosphorous pentoxide is completed.

The product formed in this reaction is an approximately equimolar mixture of mono-ester phosphate and di-ester phosphate. The reaction equation is as follows:

⁰ _B S R

P₂ 0₅ + 3R0H / . . .. !! .

HO -P- -00^' HO-P-0 0 0

where R = an alk l group with 1 to 18 carbon atoms. It is to be understood that the mono-ester reaction product is the microbiocidally active compound. The di-ester reaction product is either not microbiocidally^~"active or is only slightly microbiocidally active. The mono-ester alkyl phosphate derivative is an effective microbiocidal compound and is capable of killing or inhibiting a wide variety of microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts, fungi, molds and viruses. To obtain a mono-alkyl phosphate derivative that is capable of diffusing through a non-aqueous material such as a fiber or plastic to the surface, the mono-alkyl phosphate can be reacted with a tertiary amine as shown in the folio mg general equation: R α /

Resulting in a mixture of the following mono-alkyl phosphate amine product:

and the following di- alkyl phosphate amine product:

R

wherein:

R = an alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms;

R_j = an alkyl group of from 4 to 18 carbon atoms or a hydroxy alk l group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

R2 = an alkyl group of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

The di-alky I phosphate amine has little or no microbiocidal activity. To obtain the diffusable mono-alkyl phosphate derivative of the present invention, the above reaction is carried out in the following manner Between approximately 0.5 and 3 moles of the tertiary amine per mole of the mixed diphospho-esters from the first reaction is slowly added to the mixture. This reaction is carried out at a temperature of between approximately 80°C and 120°C depending on the mono-alkyl phosphate used. The most preferred tertiary amine is bis (hydro xyethyl) cocoamine. The preferred mono-alkyl phosphate derivative that is capable of diffusing in a plastic has die following formula:

5 Although a tertiary amine with a long chain alkyl group is used in this embodiment to promote diffusion of the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative of the present invention, it is to be understood that other surfactants or detergents can be used to promote diffusion of the mono-alkyl phosphate derivative in synthetic materials. These surfactants or detergents include, but are not limited o to, non-ionic detergents, waxes, and oils.

The microbiocidal activity of the phosphate additive of die present invention is evaluated as follows. Petri dishes are prepared using appropriate nutrient agar as a food source for the microorganism to be tested. The microorganism is evenly streaked onto the agar to form a lawn of 5 microorganisms as is well known to one skilled in the art. A hole 6mm in diameter and 5mm deep is cut into the agar. 0.05 ml. of each of the indicated test compounds is placed in the hole and me inoculated petri dish is incubated for 24 hours at 37^°C. After the 24 hour incubation period, the relative susceptibility of the test organisms to the phosphate additive of d e present _Q invention is demonstrated by a clear zone of growth inhibition around die test solution. This zone of inhibition is the result of two processes: (1) the diffusion of die compound and (2) growtii of the bacteria. As the phosphate additive diffuses through the agar medium from die hole, its concentration progressively

5 _ diminishes to a point where it is no longer inhibitory for the test organism. The area of the suppressed microbial growth, the zone of inhibition, is deteπnined by the concentration of the phosphate additive present in the area. Therefore, within the limitations of the test, the area of the inhibition zone is proportional to

-* the relative susceptibility of the microorganisms to the phosphate additive of the present invention.

After the 24 hour incubation period, each plate is examined and the diameters of die complete inhibition zones are noted and measured using either reflected light and a measuring device such as sliding calipers, a ruler, or a

10 template prepared for mis purpose and held on die bottom of the plate. The end point, measured to me nearest millimeter, is the point at which no visible growth that can be detected witii the unaided eye minus the diameter of d e test drop or sample. The area of the zone of inhibition is then calculated.

The following examples will serve to further illustrate the present

1 invention without, at the same time, however, constituting any limitation thereof.

Example I

The mono-ethyl phosphate additive is prepared as follows: One mole 20 of phosphorous pentoxide is reacted with three moles of ethanol at a temperature of 60°C. The phosphorous pentoxide is slowly added to the ethanol while the mixture is vigorously agitated. At die reaction temperature of 60°C the reaction is complete in about two hours. The progress of the reaction is determined by titrating die acid tiiat is produced with a solution of potassium 25 hydroxide. The reaction products include approximately equimolar quantities of die mono-ethyl alkyl phosphate and die di-etiiyl alkyl phosphate. The mono- ediyl alkyl phosphate is die microbiocidally active species.

Example II

3_Q The mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate additive is prepared as follows.

One mole of phosphorous pentoxide is reacted with three moles of 2- ethylhexanol at a temperature of 100°C. The phosphorous pentoxide is slowly added to die ethanol while die mixture is vigorously agitated. At the reaction

35 temperature of 100°C die reaction is complete in about two hours. The progress of the reaction is determined by titrating die acid that is produced with a solution of potassium hydroxide. The reaction products include approximately equimolar quantities of the mono-(2-ethylhexyl) alkyl phosphate and die di(2-eti ylhexyl) alkyl phosphate. The mono-(2-ethylhexyl) alkyl phosphate is the microbiocidally active species.

Example HI

Since die preferred method of preparing the mono-alkyl phosphate of Examples I and II results in two reaction products, die mono-alkyl phosphate and the di-alkyl phosphate, the relative microbiocidal activity of each of die products is evaluated.

Three samples are tested:

1. 91% mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, 9% di-(2-etiιylhexyl) phosphate

2. 55% mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate and 45% di-(2-etiιylhexyl) phosphate

3. 95% di-(2-ethylhexyI) phosphate, 5% mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate.

. Petri dishes are prepared using trypticase soy nutrient agar (Baltimore Biological Laboratory, Cockeysville, MD). The microorganisms used in tiiis test are the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Each microorganism is evenly streaked onto the agar to form a lawn of microorganisms as is well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. A hole 6mm in diameter and 5mm deep is cut into die agar. 0.05 ml. of each of the indicated test compounds is placed in die hole, and the inoculated petri dish is incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After die 24 hour incubation period, the relative susceptibility of the test organisms to the phosphate additive of die present invention is demonstrated by a clear zone of growth inhibition around the test solution.

After the 24 hour incubation period, each plate is examined and the diameters of the complete inhibition zones are noted and measureda as described above. Each test is performed at least 6 times. The areas shown in Table A are me average of die 6 separate tests.

Table A

Zone of Inhibition in mm²

Organism Mono-ester Mixture Di-ester

S. aureus 415 283 113

P. aeruginosa 490 314 78.5

The results of Table A indicate tiiat d e mono-alkyl phosphate is the compound which has the significant amount of me microbiocidal activity.

Example IV

A solution of die alkyl phosphate derivative is prepared by mixing 2 grams of the reaction product from Example I in 1000 ml. of water. The standard solution of the preferred alkyl phosphate derivative is serially diluted down to 0.02% and is evaluated against representative Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. One measured drop (.05 ml) of the alkyl phosphate is placed on previously inoculated agar plates (Trypticase Soy Nutrient Agar, Baltimore

Biological Laboratory, Cockeysville, Md.) and incubated for 24 hours at 35°C.

The area of inhibition is then measured and recorded. The results are shown in

Table B.

Table B

Organisms Vol. % Area of inhibition measured in mm²

Staphylococcus aureus 0.2 2827

Staphylococcus aureus 0.1 1256

Staphylococcus aureus 0.02 314

Staphylococcus aureus 0.002 0

Pseiidomonas aeruginosa 0.2 314

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.1 314

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.02 314

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.002 0

As can be seen from the data in Table B, when sufficient quantities of die alkyl phosphate are dissolved in water, die solution is an unexpectantiy strong microbiocide.

Example V

An aqueous mixture of the microbiocidal alkyl phosphate is prepared by mixing me alkyl phosphate derivative from Example I with an aqueous detergent solution. The concentration of alkyl phosphate derivative is .05%. The microbiocidal detergent is heated to 85°C. Cotton fabric is then introduced and remains in the heated solution for 15 minutes. The fabric is then rinsed in water at 40° C, removed, and dried.

Square samples of die treated fabric of approximately 400 mm² are cut and placed on agar plates which have previously been inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa:; die plates are tiien incubated at 35°C for 24 hours.

After the 24 hour incubation, neither Staphylococcus aureus nor Pseudomonas aeruginosa are found to be present in or on the squares. Microscopic examination shows a halo or zone of inhibition around the individual threads. Example VI

A dry free-flowing mixture comprising the microbiocidal cleansing agent of die present invention is prepared by mixing 0.3 grams of the alkyl phosphate derivative from Example I with 138.5 grams of "All" detergent as purchased over the counter. One gram of the cleansing agent mixture is then placed in the center of appropriately inoculated petri dishes and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Control plates are also prepared with one 'gram samples of the detergent without any phosphate additive. After this period of incubation, each plate is examined and the diameters of the inhibition zones are measured. The results are shown in Table C.

Table C

Organism Zone of Inhibition Zone of Inhibition in mm² for detergent and in mm² for detergent alkyi phosphate derivative (Control)

S. aureus 2827 706 P. aeruginosa 1017 113

The detergent alone exhibits some microbiocidal activity because of the presence of sodium hypochlorite which would be washed out of fabrics during the rinsing process. In any event, the detergent plus additive demonstrates a significant increase in microbiocidal activity over the detergent alone.

Example VH

To produce a microbiocidal alkyl phosphate derivative tiiat is capable of migrating from the interior of a synthetic fiber, fabric or plastic to the surface, the reaction product of Example II is neutralized with bis(hydroxyethyl) cocoamine. 1.3 moles of bis (hydroxy etiiyl) cocoamine per mole of the reaction product from Example II is slowly added to die reaction product from Example II until the pH is between approximately 3.2 and 3.8 in a _ 75% edianol solution. This reaction is carried out at a temperature of 100°C.

The reaction mixture is vigorously agitated during the reaction.

The resulting product is water insoluble and is suitable for incorporation into synthetic fibers and plastics as tiiey are being formed or for topical application in an organic solvent such as etiiyl alcohol, benzene or xylene.

Example VHI

The microbiocidal capability of an alkyl phosphate amine is

1 o demonstrated by the following example. Between 0.5 moles and 3.0 moles of bis(hydroxyetfτyl) cocoamine per mole of the reaction product from Example ϋ is slowly added to die reaction product from Example II until the pH of the solution is between approximately 3.2 and 3.8 in a 75% ethanol solution. This reaction is carried out at a temperature of 100°C. The reaction mixture is 15 vigorously agitated during die reaction. The resulting products are tested for microbiocidal activity.

Petri dishes are prepared using trypticase soy nutrient agar (Baltimore Biological Laboratory, Cockeysville, MD). The microorganisms used in this test are the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative

2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The microorganisms are evenly streaked onto die agar to form lawns of microorganisms as is well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. A hole 6mm in diameter and 5mm deep is cut into the agar. 0.05 ml. of each of the indicated test compounds is placed in the hole and the inoculated petri dish is incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After the 24 hour incubation 25 period, die relative susceptibility of d e test organisms to the phosphate additive of the present invention is demonstrated by a clear zone of growth inhibition around die test solution.

After the 24 hour incubation period, each plate is examined and the diameters of the complete inhibition zones are noted and measured. -. _Q The results are summarized in Table D.

35 Table D

Molar Ratio S. aureus P. aeruginosa of reactants Area of Inhibition measured in mm²

A. Product from Example II 3848 706

B. 0.5 moles cocoamine³ 1520 614

C. 1.0 moles cc< oamine^a 907 706

D. 1.3 moles cocoamine³ 452 1257

E. 1.5 moles cocoamine³ 452 38

F. 2.0 moles c∞oamine³ 452 13

G. 2.5 moles cocoamine³ 201 13

H. 3.0 moles cocoamine³ 153 0

I. Cocoamine only 153 0

³ Moles of cocoamine reacted witii one mole of the product from Example II.

As can be seen in Table D, sample A, which is the reaction product from Example II, has excellant microbiocidal activity against both the Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The reaction product from Example II retains its microbiocidal activity against both these organisms even when reacted with up to 2 moles of me bis-hydroxyethyl cocoamine. When one mole of the reaction product from Example II is reacted with more than 2 moles of the cocoamine, the microbiocidal activity is diminished. The cocoamine itself has slight microbiocidal activity against the Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, by neutralizing the 2-ethyhexyl phosphate with the bis-hydroxyethyl cocoamine, die antimicrobial activity of the the mono-alkyl phosphate is retained, and d e compound now has die capability of diffusing from the interior to die surface of a synthetic fiber or a plastic material.

Example IX

The alkyl phosphate derivative from Table D, Line D of Example Vm is added to a tumble- mixing machine containing polyethylene pellets so that the final concentration of alkyl phosphate derivative is 2% by weight. The diermoplastic pellets are tumble mixed until the alkyl phosphate derivative of the present invention is thoroughly distributed. After die sanitizing additive is mixed with and coated on the pelletized plastic material, d e mixture is charged to a hopper of a conventional melt extruder where the mixture is melted and die sanitizing additive is homogeneously distributed ϋiroughout the melted mass by the action of the extruder. The resultant molten mass of plastic material is passed through a conventional spinneret to generate thermoplastic fibers containing the alkyl phosphate derivative.

Example X

The mono-alkyl phosphate derivative from Table D, Line D of Example VIII is added to a tumble-mixing machine containing polyethylene terephthalate polyester pellets so that the final concentration of mono-alkyl phosphate derivative is 2% by weight. The diermoplastic pellets are tumble mixed until die alkyl phosphate derivative of die present invention is dioroughly distributed. After sanitizing additive is mixed witii and coated the pelletized plastic material, the mixture is charged to a hopper of a conventional melt extruder where the mixture is melted and the sanitizing additive is homogeneously distributed throughout the melted mass by the action of die o extruder as is well known to one of ordinary skill of the art The resultant molten mass of plastic material is passed through a conventional spinneret to generate polyester fibers containing the alkyl phosphate derivative.

Example XI 5 The alkyl phosphate derivative prepared in Example VII is used to prepare a self-sanitizing plastic material in accordance with the present invention. 0.1 pans of the compound prepared in Example I are added to one hundred parts of polyethylene pellets. The pellets are coated with die oily additive by tumbling the mixture for twenty minutes. The pellets so treated are 0 then fused in a test tube by immersing the test tube in an oil bath at 200°C for twenty minutes. The test tube is tiien removed from die oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature whereupon the molten mass solidifies. The cooled mass is then remc d from the test tube and sawed into discs approximately 2

5 mm thick and 10 mm in diameter. No degradation or other unusual characteristics of die polyethylene discs is noted. The discs are placed in appropriately inoculated petri dishes containing nutrient agar. The agar is inoculated witii various organisms and is allowed to incubate for 24 hours at 37°C. After the incubation period, the zone of inhibition around die discs is measured as previously described. The results are presented in Table E.

Table E

Organism Type of Organism Area of Inhibition in mm²

Staphylococcus aureus Gram-pos. bacteria 314

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-neg. bacteria 50

Escherichia coli Gram-neg. bacteria 113

Klebsiella species Gram-neg. bacteria 201

Candida albicans Yeast 314

Salmonella choleraesuis Gram-neg. bacteria 153

Aspergillus niger Fungus 314

Tricpphyton mentagrophyte Fungus 707

As can be seen in Table E, the test demonstrates significant bactericidal activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms as well as against representative yeasts and fungi.

Example XII

An epoxy resin using the alkyl phosphate derivative is formulated as follows:

Epoxy resin 88.2% by weight

TI02 9.8% by weight

Alkyl phosphate 2.0% by weight from Example VHI Table D. Line D The epoxy resin used in this example is referred to as DGEPPA or diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI). Other epoxy resins that can be used with the present invention are epichlorohydrin/ bisphenol-A, glycidated novolacs, epoxylated novolacs, and cycloaliphatic epoxy resins.

After thoroughly mixing the above ingredients, the resin system is allowed to react with a stoichiometric amount of hardener (cross linking reagent). Before the cross-linking reaction is completed, samples of he self- sanitizing epoxy are poured into 100x15 mm test tubes. Upon completion of the hardening reaction, the epoxy sample is a hard cylinder measuring 60 mm long and 15 mm in diameter and weighing approximately 28.89 grams. Samples are cut in the form of discs with a surface area of 176.63 mm². The cut samples are placed in petri dishes containing nutrient agar (Trypticase Soy Nutrient Agar, Baltimore Biological Laboratory, Cockysville, MD) inoculated with a lawn of die indicated microorganisms. It is found, upon incubation of the dishes that the epoxy disc inhibits die growth of bacteria and fungi around the specimen and creates a zone of inhibition. The results of the test are as follows:

Table F

Organism Type of Organism Area of Inhibition in mm²

Staphylococcus aureus Gram-pos. bacteria 314

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-neg. bacteria 28

Escheήchia coli Gram-neg. bacteria 380

Klebsiella species Gram-neg. bacteria 380

Candida albicans Yeast 153

Salmonella choleraesuis Gram-neg. bacteria 452

Aspergillus niger Fungus 28

Tricophyton mentagrophyte Fungus 50

Bacillus megaterium Gram-pos. bacteria 13

As shown in Table F, d e alkyl phosphate derivative, when added to epoxy resins, is effective in .tilling a wide variety of species of microorganisms. Example XIII

A polyethylene film is prepared by adding 90.72 grams of me alkyl phosphate derivative prepared in Example II to 52.5 pounds of polyediylene resin pellets and tumbling me mixture until the alkyl phosphate derivative is homogeneously distributed in the pellet mixture. The treated polyethylene pellets are then extruded in a commercial extruder to form a polyethylene film that has a thickness of approximately 4 mils. A control film is extruded with polyethylene that does not contain any alkyl phosphate derivative.

Circular test samples of both die alkyl phosphate derivative treated polyethylene film and control polyediylene film are cut to fit the bottom of a 15 x 100 mm petri dish. The circular test samples containing die alkyl phosphate derivative are placed in die bottom of petri dishes and the circular test samples that do not contain alkyl phosphate derivative are placed in die bottom of separate petri dishes. Four insects are used to test the insecticidal activity of the alkyl phosphate derivative as follows: cockroaches, ticks, houseflies, and fleas. The insects are placed in individual petri dishes witii either die treated polyethylene film or the control polyethylene film and observed. The time that the insect dies is noted for both alkyl phosphate treated polyethylene film and untreated polyethylene film. The results of the test are shown in Table G.

Table G

Test Film Roach Tick Fly Flea

Mono-alkyl Phosphate 30 min 8 hours 8 hours 30 min

Treated Film

Control Film Alive after 8 hours

There is no noticible impairment of the insects that were placed in the petri dishes with the untreated polyethylene film after 8 hours. Example XIV In this example, the alkyl phosphate derivative from Table D, Line D of Example VTfl is used to prepare a self-sanitizing vinyl product in accordance with the present invention. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) system using the microbiocidal additive of the present invention is formulated as follows:

Test Sample

100 Grams of polyvinyl chloride

55 Grams of dioctylphthalate (plasticizer)

1.5 Grams Stabilizer

9.0 Grams Ti0₂

^{1 0} 1.0 Grams Color concentrate

3.5 Grams alkyl phosphate from Table D, Line D of Example VHI

Control

100 Grams of polyvinyl chloride ^ 5 55 Grams of dioctylphthalate (plasticizer)

1.5 Grams Stabilizer 9.0 Grams Ti02 1.0 Grams Color concentrate

The above samples are then poured on glass plates to a tiiickness of 2 _Q approximately 0.25 cm and cured in an oven at a temperature of approximately

325° F. After the sample has polymerized, test specimens from each formulation are cut into circles approximately 2 cm across.

Two test organisms are seeded on two separate petri dishes of agar. One dish is seeded with a lawn of Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of greater than 10³ organisms per ml. The second dish is seeded witii a lawn of

25 Pseudomonas cepacia at a concentration of greater than 10³ organisms per ml.

One plug each of die test vinyl sample wid die alkyl phosphate added and the control vinyl sample with no alkyl phosphate are placed onto d e surface of the agar in each inoculated petri dish. The dishes are incubated in a humidified incubation chamber at a temperature of approximately 37°C for 24 0 hours. At the end of the 24 hour incubation period, die dishes are removed from die incubator and the area of clear zone of inhibition around d e test samples is measured. The clear zone of inhibition around the samples

5 represents inhibition of growth of bacteria due to the diffusion of antimicrobial alkyl phosphate from the vinyl plug. The results of the test are shown in Table H.

Table H

Sample Test Organism

Zone of inhibition in mm². Staphylococcus aureas Pseudomonas cepacia

Test vinyl 50 50

Control -0- -0-

As can be seen in Table H, the test demonstrates significant bactericidal activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms.

While this invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments tiiereof, it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinbefore and as defined in die appended claims.

Claims

1. A microbiocidal composition comprising: a mixture of a substance and an effective amount of a mono-alkyl phosphate derivative having the following formula:

wherein:

R is an alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms;

X is selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals, Group HA metals, transition metals, hydrogen, and an organic ion; and said substance being selected from the group consisting of plastics, fibers, fabrics, water, wood, detergents, non-permanent coatings and permanent coatings.

2. The microbiocidal composition as in Claim 1 wherein X has the following formula:

R,

and wherein:

R_l is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group of from 4 to 18 carbon atoms and a hydroxy alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and

R2 is an alkyl group of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

3. The microbiocidal composition as in Claim 1 wherein said mono-alkyl phosphate, derivative is mixed with a diffusion promoting compound selected from the group consisting of waxes, oils, and non-ionic detergents.

4. A method of preparing a microbiocidal composition comprising the steps of: a, reacting phosphorous pentoxide with a hydroxy alkyl compound having 1 to 18 carbon atoms at a temperature between approximately 60°C and 120°C; b . mixing an effective concentration of die product of step ( a) with a substance, said substance being selected from die group consisting of plastics, fibers, fabrics, water, wood, detergents, non-permanent coatings and permanent coatings.

5. The method as in Claim 4 further comprising the step of reacting the product of step (a) with a tertiary amine, said tertiary amine having one substituent comprising an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and two substituents being selected from die group consisting of an alkyl group of from 4 to 18 carbon atoms and a hydroxy alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

6. The method as in Claim 4 wherein said product from step (a) is mixed with a diffusion promoting compound selected from the group consisting of waxes, oils, and non-ionic detergents.