WO 00/15727 PCT/US99/18956 MASKING TAPES FOR PAINTING 5 Technical Field Of The Invention The present invention relates to a masking tape for painting. The masking tape of the present invention can reduce a gap at the boundary between a painted portion and a non-painted portion (sometimes referred to as a "step height at the end of paint coating") when the masking tape is peeled off after the completion of painting, to make the paint 10 line look better. The masking tape can also be easily peeled off without breaking the tape when the temperature of the paint is lowered after painting has been completed. Accordingly, the masking tape of the present invention can be advantageously used in various painting operations. 15 PRIOR ART In painting a car body, various masking tapes have been used to temporarily mask the region requiring no painting. The masking tape is normally composed of a substrate and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer provided on its one surface (side of article to be painted). There are many requirements for the substrate of the masking tape. For 20 example, the substrate should have good conformability to articles having different shapes such as curved portions, and cause no adhesive residue and breakage of the tape at the time of peeling. Furthermore, the masking tape should cause no contamination to the article to be painted, and the masking tape should not peel cured paint from the article. Accordingly, papers such as crepe paper, kraft paper, Japanese paper, etc. and films made 25 of synthetic resins such as olefin synthetic resin, vinyl chloride, polyester, nylon, etc. are used at present. The masking tapes using these materials as the substrate have good conformability to the article to be painted, but have a problem that a partial stress concentration is caused by cracking of the cured paint when the masking tape is peeled off from the article to be painted after the paint has cured, resulting in breakage of the tape. 30 To avoid the problem of tape breakage, increasing the thickness of the tape has been tried to improve the mechanical strength, as has peeling off the masking tape by hand when the paint is still in a high-temperature state immediately after removing the article from a drying device, when the paint film is still soft. - 1 - WU UU/13/4/ K%_t hI7710700 However, increasing the thickness of the tape has been problematic especially when wet-on-wet painting metallic paints and mica paints, which have been introduced to improve the appearance. In this case, a gap between the painted portion and non-painted portion increases and the gap (end of the painted portion) is liable to be damaged while 5 peeling the masking tape. Furthermore, since the thickness of the painted portion increases, good appearance cannot be obtained. According to this method, since the stiffness of the tape is enhanced, the conformability at the curved portion is particularly poor and a small gap is formed between the article to be painted and tape. Therefore, it is impossible to sufficiently mask the non-painted portion. 10 When peeling the masking tape by hand immediately after removing the article to be painted from the drying device, since the paint film is in the state of considerably high temperature, it is necessary to take safety into consideration so that the operator does not burn himself. Moreover, if there is a remarkable gap at the end of the resulting paint film, it 15 becomes necessary to fill the gap with a compound or grind the gap so as to reduce it, resulting in an increase in man-hours and an increase in cost. There also arises a problem that a cleaning implement such as a brush can be caught in the gap portion when the article to be painted is cleaned, damaging the painted surface. 20 Summary Of The Invention It is desirable to solve the above problems of the prior art and to provide a masking tape for painting, which can reduce a gap at the boundary between a painted portion and a non-painted portion when the masking tape is peeled off after the completion of painting, thereby to make a paint line look better, and which can also be easily peeled off without 25 breaking when the temperature of the paint film is lowered after painting has been completed, or under another low-temperature environment. The present invention provides a masking tape comprising a substrate and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer, characterized in that said substrate is made of a primary layer of a synthetic resin material and at least one auxiliary substrate layer made of a 30 synthetic resin material, which is the same as or different from that of said primary layer. The at least one auxiliary layer is provided on one or both surfaces of said substrate. -2- WU UU/15727 rk_1 tu3YY/ iOOvU In the masking tape of the present invention, the auxiliary substrate layer may comprise a single layer, or two or more layers. When the auxiliary substrate layer comprises a single layer, the auxiliary substrate layer can be preferably provided on the surface having no adhesive layer. When the auxiliary substrate layer comprises two or 5 more layers, all auxiliary substrate layers may be provided on the surface having no adhesive layer. Alternatively, some of those auxiliary substrate layers may be interposed between the primary layer and the adhesive layer. The synthetic resin material comprising the auxiliary substrate layer preferably has an elastic modulus less than that of the synthetic material comprising the substrate at 0 to 10 40"C, and, more preferably, it has an elastic modulus of 1.0 x 105 to 1.0 x 1010 dyn/cm 2 at 10'C. The thickness of the auxiliary substrate layer is preferably from about 1 to 100 pm. The thickness of the masking tape can vary widely depending on the portion to which the tape is applied, and the purpose, but is normally about 140 pLm or less. This 15 masking tape is preferably as thin as possible in view of the finishing effect of the paint line. Brief Description Of The Drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing one preferred embodiment of the masking tape 20 of the present invention. Detailed Description Of The Invention As described above, the masking tape of the present invention comprises a substrate and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and is characterized in that said substrate 25 is made of a primary layer of synthetic resin material and at least one auxiliary substrate layer made of a synthetic resin material, which is the same as or different from that of said substrate primary layer, provided on one or both surfaces of said substrate. The elastic modulus of the auxiliary substrate layer is less than that of the primary layer at the temperature of 0 to 40*C. 30 Explaining by way of the case where the auxiliary substrate layer comprises a single layer, the masking tape of the present invention preferably comprises a substrate primary layer 1, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer 3 provided on one surface of the -3- VVU UU/1 /4 / a substrate, an auxiliary substrate layer 2 provided on the surface having no adhesive layer, and an optional releasant layer 4 which is further provided on the auxiliary substrate layer. This masking tape 10 may optionally have an additional layer as known in this technical field (not shown). The additional layer may include, for example, an ink layer for coloring 5 or an anchor coat layer for improving the adhesive strength between the respective layers. The respective tape constituent features will be described below with reference to the masking tape shown in this figure. The substrate primary layer 1 can be made of any suitable synthetic resin material. The synthetic resin material used herein preferably satisfies the following features. Since 10 the shape of the article to be painted varies widely, the conformability to the curved portion should be good. Furthermore, since high-temperature is applied to dry or cure the paint film, the synthetic resin material should have excellent heat resistance and proper mechanical strength, and paint should not penetrate the substrate. Preferred synthetic resin materials include polyolefin resin such as polyester resin, nylon resin, polyvinyl chloride 15 resin, polypropylene or the like, but is not limited thereto. The thickness of the substrate primary layer 1 is preferably within the range of from about 10 to 120 pim, and more preferably from about 15 to 100 pim. When the thickness of the substrate primary layer 1 is smaller than about 10 pim, since the strength of the substrate is too small, tearing of the masking tape 10 is liable to arise. On the other 20 hand, when the thickness exceeds about 120 pm, the total thickness of the tape becomes about 150 pm or more and various disadvantages are liable to be caused by an increase in gap. The auxiliary substrate layer 2 can eliminate the need to increase the thickness of the substrate by forming a multi-layer or composite substrate, and can act as a stress buffer 25 layer. That is, by providing this auxiliary substrate layer 2 adjacent to the substrate primary layer 1, it is possible to prevent stress concentration to the substrate, thereby causing breakage of the tape. The auxiliary substrate layer 2 can be made of a synthetic resin material, which is the same as or different from that of the substrate primary layer 1, and can be preferably made of a different synthetic resin to provide a synergistic effect of 30 both materials. The synthetic resin material used herein is preferably soft and is superior in adhesive properties. -4- WO 00/15727 rt1/U.JYY/l aY3 The synthetic resin material constituting the auxiliary substrate layer 2 preferably has an elastic modulus of 1.0 x 105 to 1.0 x 1010 dyn/cm 2 at 10"C. When the elastic modulus of the synthetic resin material is smaller than 1.0 x 105 dyn/cm 2 , slip of the back surface of the tape becomes poor and operating characteristics of application of the tape 5 are lowered. When the tape is formed into a roll, a soft resin can be squeezed out and the roll side surface may become sticky. To the contrary, when the elastic modulus exceeds 1.0 x 101 0 dyn/cm 2 , the stress buffer effect is not sufficient and slivering occurs. "Slivering" means breakage of the tape at the time of peeling and, therefore, an "anti slivering effect" is an effect capable of preventing breakage of the tape. 10 Synthetic resin materials capable of satisfying the above-described features of the elastic modulus include polyacrylate resin, SBR (styrene-butadiene) resin, NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) resin, MBR (methacrylate-butadiene rubber) resin, urethane resin, polyolefin resin or the like, but is not limited thereto. An organic filler such as organic glass beads and an inorganic filler such as pigment for coloring may also 15 be contained in these materials, and these materials can also be crosslinked to improve the solvent resistance. Moreover, the thickness of the auxiliary substrate layer 2 made of the above described synthetic resin material is preferably from about 1 to 100 pLm. When the thickness of the auxiliary substrate layer 2 is smaller than about 1 tm, the anti-slivering 20 effect may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 100 tm, the total thickness of tape becomes about 150 pim or more and various disadvantages are liable to be caused by an increase in gap. The auxiliary substrate 2 can be provided on the substrate primary layer 1 by using suitable techniques generally used in film forming. Suitable methods include solvent 25 coating; applying a water dispersion by an emulsion polymerization method; thermally melting a resin of 100% solid to form a liquid; and performing extrusion molding, simultaneously, when a synthetic resin material as a substrate are molded into a film by means of extrusion molding; but is not limited thereto. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer 3, which is provided on one surface of the 30 substrate so as to apply the tape to the article to be painted, can be sufficiently adhered to a steel plate as a typical example of the article to be painted, and can be easily peeled off after the completion of painting. It is preferred, though not required, that the adhesive be -5- WO 00/15727 rkL I/ U !IsYO chosen to allow the tape to be removed from the surface to be painted and repositioned several times. Such an adhesive may be referred to as a repositionable adhesive. Moreover, the pressure sensitive adhesive layer can be made of a pressure sensitive adhesive that does not cause contamination of the article to be painted. The pressure 5 sensitive adhesive used herein is not specifically limited, but preferably includes those which are not attacked by the solvent in paint. Suitable examples thereof include acrylic, natural rubber, synthetic rubber and urethane pressure sensitive adhesives. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer 3 preferably has an adhesive strength within the range from about 100 to 2000 g/25 mm, more preferably from about 200 to 1500 g/25 10 mm, and most preferably from about 300 to 1000 g/25 mm, like the pressure sensitive adhesive layer of conventional masking tapes. When the adhesive strength of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer 3 is smaller than about 100 g/25 mm, it becomes difficult to strongly apply the masking tape to the article to be painted. When the adhesive strength exceeds about 2000 g/25 mm, the bonding strength of the tape to the article to be painted 15 may be too strong and the tape is more likely to break during removal. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer 3 can have a thickness within the range from about 4 to 70 pm, and preferably from about 10 to 50 prm, like the pressure sensitive adhesive layer of conventional masking tapes. When the thickness of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer 3 is smaller than about 4 pm, it becomes difficult to obtain the 20 expected adhesive effect. On the other hand, when the thickness is lager than about 70 jim, the bonding strength of the tape to the article to be painted is likely to be too strong and the tape is more likely to break during removal. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer 3 can be formed in the above-described thickness by using the same manner as that used in the production of a general adhesive 25 tape, for example, knife coating, roll coating method, gravure coating or the like. The masking tape 10 can have a releasant layer 4 as an outermost layer. The releasant layer 4 allows easily processing the masking tape 10 into a roll, as described above, and optionally can be made of a generally used releasant, for example, urethane releasant, polyethylimine releasant or the like. Accordingly, the releasant used for 30 carrying out the present invention is not specifically limited, but a non-silicone releasant is preferably used. -6- WU UU/IN/4 / r% i / 0377/ 107OV The releasant layer 4 can have a thickness within the range from about 0.001 to 0.1 ptm, and preferably from about 0. 01 to 0.05 prm, like the releasant layer of conventional masking tapes. When the thickness of the releasant layer 4 is smaller than about 0.00 1 pm, it becomes difficult to obtain the expected release effect and handling of the tape also 5 becomes inconvenient. The releasant layer 4 can be formed in the above-described thickness by using the same manner as that used in the production of a general adhesive tape, for example, knife coating, roll coating method, gravure coating or the like. The releasant layer 4 need not be applied to the substrate primary layer 1 or auxiliary substrate layer 2. For example, a 10 releasant may be incorporated into the auxiliary substrate layer 2. Alternatively, a releasing function may be imparted to the auxiliary substrate layer 2 itself. The thickness of the masking tape 10 comprising the substrate primary layer 1, auxiliary substrate layer 2, pressure sensitive adhesive layer 3 and releasant layer 4 can vary widely depending on the portion to which the tape is applied, and the purpose, but is 15 normally about 120 gm or less. When the substrate primary layer 1 is made of a polyester resin, since the thickness of the substrate can be reduced, the thickness of the masking tape 10 is normally within the range from about 15 to 80 pm. The masking tape 10 is preferably as thin as possible in view of the finishing effect of the paint line. Using the masking tape of the present invention, various paints can be applied to 20 articles having different shapes. For example, there can be used liquid paint containing a predetermined amount of an organic solvent or aqueous solvent, such as acrylic resin paint, urethane resin paint, alkyd resin paint, polyester resin paint, vinyl chloride paint, etc. or powder paint corresponding to these paints. 25 EXAMPLES The following examples and comparative examples further illustrate the present invention in detail. In Table 1, materials used as the substrate primary layer of the masking tape in the respective examples are described, together with trade name, product No., maker and thickness thereof. In Table 2, materials used as the auxiliary substrate 30 layer of the masking tape in the respective examples are described, together with trade name, product No., maker, thickness and elastic modulus thereof. The elastic modulus was measured in the following manner: A sample having a thickness of 50 to 100 gm, a -7- WU UU/15727 YU 1/UI!5Y/15730D width of 8 mm and a length of 35 mm was made by forming a film on a liner and a dynamic viscoelasticity was measured at 6.28 rad/s by using a measuring device, Viscoelastic Meter RSA-II manufactured by Rheometric Co. 5 EXAMPLE 1 On one surface of a PET film having a thickness of 25 tm, both surfaces of which were subjected to a corona discharge treatment, manufactured by Unitika Ltd. under the trade name of "EMBLET S," a SBR latex resin having an elastic modulus of 2.2 x 109 dyn/cm 2 manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. under the trade name of "NIPOL" was 10 applied and then dried at 100'C for 3 minutes. On the formed SBR latex resin layer, a urethane releasant was applied in a small thickness, and then dried. On the surface opposite the surface on which the SBR latex of the PET film was applied, a pressure sensitive adhesive obtained by mixing a tackifier resin with a natural rubber in a heptane solvent was applied so that the thickness after drying is 25 tm. The resulting pressure 15 sensitive adhesive sheet was cut into strips 18 mm wide and 30 mm long to make a test tape. The resulting test tape was evaluated with respect to the slivering, total thickness of the tape ( tm), step height at the end of paint coating and flaking according to the following test standards: 20 Slivering: Twenty test tapes were applied to a melamine-coated plate and a melamine-coated steel plate manufactured by Nippon Tact Co., Ltd. and sufficiently pressed, and then crosslinking paint used in the car painting line was sprayed. To sufficiently dry paint, the 25 melamine-coated plate was put in a hot oven at 140'C and allowed to stand for 20 minutes. The melamine-coated plate removed from the hot oven was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours, and then the respective test tapes were immediately pulled at a fixed angle (450) and peeled off. The number of test tapes, wherein breakage of the tape occurred, among twenty test tapes was recorded and this number was taken as "slivering 30 (number of breaks)". In case of this example, slivering was not observed. The smaller the slivering number, the better the results. -8- Total thickness of tape: The total thickness of the tape was measured by using a Dial Thickness Gauge manufactured by Mitsutoyo Co., Ltd. In case of this example, the measured value was 55 ptm and the results were the same as those of the production condition. 5 Step height of the paint coating: In the same manner as that described in the slivering test, one test tape was applied to a melamine-coated plate, and then crosslinking paint was sprayed and dried. Thereafter, the test tape was immediately peeled off. A step height at the end of the paint 10 coating, after peeling off the tape, was measured by touching the step with a finger tip to ascertain whether any irregularities are observed or not. No irregularities, showing sufficiently low step height, were reported as "good;" minor irregularities, showing a low step height, were reported as "fair;" and remarkable irregularities, showing a high step height, were reported as "bad." 15 Flaking: The scattering state of cured paint fragments after peeling off the tape was visually judged according to the following criteria: "Good": 90% or more paint remained on the tape back surface. 20 "Bad": 90% or less paint remained on the tape back surface. The results are summarized in Table 3 below. Examples 2-20 Test tapes were made by repeating Example 1, except the primary substrate and 25 auxiliary substrate were changed as described in Table 1 and Table 2 below. In the same manner as that described in Example 1, the resulting tapes were evaluated with respect to the same test items. The results are summarized in Table 3 below. Examples 11 and 12 are examples wherein the substrate has a multi-layer 30 construction. In cases in which the PE layer used in these examples is considered as the auxiliary substrate layer, the thickness of the auxiliary substrate layer is 55 gm in Example 11 or 80 ptm in Example 12. -9- WO 00/15727 PC/US99/18950 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-6 A test tape was made by repeating the manner described in Example 1, except the substrate primary layer and auxiliary layer were respectively changed as described in 5 Table I and Table 2 below for comparison. In the same manner as that described in Example 1, the resulting tapes were evaluated with respect to the same test items. The results are summarized in Table 3 below. TABLE 1 Example Trade Product Thickness No. Material Name No. Maker (pm) Example I PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 2 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 3 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 4 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 5 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 6 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 16 Example 7 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 8 Unstretched ? NO Toray Plastic 30 nylon Film Co., Ltd. Example 9 Unstretched ? NO Toray Plastic 50 nylon Film Co., Ltd. Example 10 Unstretched ? NO Toray Plastic 75 nylon Film Co., Ltd. Example 11 PET12/PE50 Emblet Unitika Ltd. 62 laminate Example 12 PET12/PE50 Emblet Unitika Ltd 62 laminate Example 13 PP/PE blend Emblet FLJ-384 Sumitomo 3M 80 Co., Ltd. Example 14 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 15 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 16 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 17 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 18 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 19 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example 20 PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Comp. PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 25 Example I Comp. PET Emblet S Unitika Ltd. 38 Example 2 Comp. PVC FLH-3622 3M Co. 100 Example 3 Comp. Unstretched ? NO Toray Plastic 30 Example 4 nylon Film Co., Ltd. Comp. PET 12/PE50 Emblet Unitika Ltd. 65 Example 5 laminate Comp. PP/PE blend FLJ-384 Sumitomo 3M 80 Example 6 Co., Ltd. -10vv'.j UU/i.10k4.1 TABLE 2 Example Material Trade Product Maker Thickness Elastic modulus (dyn/cm 2 ) No. Name No. (pm) at OC at 10"C at 20"C Example 1 SBR Nipol SX1I105 Nippon Zeon 5 2.64x10 9 8.72x10 8 3.41x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example 2 SBR Nipol SX1I105 Nippon Zeon 20 2.64x10 9 8.72x10 8 3 41x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example 3 SBR Nipol SXI 103 Nippon Zeon 5 4 40x10 9 9.87x10 8 7 84x10 6 Co., Ltd. Example 4 SBR Nipol LX435 Nippon Zeon 5 7.74x10 7 3.25x10 7 1.48x10 7 Co., Ltd. Example 5 SBR Nipol LX209 Nippon Zeon 5 1 57x107 1.2lx1O7 1.08x10 7 Co., Ltd. Example 6 SBR Nipol SX 1105 Nippon Zeon 15 2.64x10 9 8.72x10 8 3.41x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example 7 SBR Nipol LX426 Nippon Zeon 5 2 86x10 7 1.98x10 7 1.65x10 7 Co., Ltd. Example 8 SBR Nipol SXI 105 Nippon Zeon 15 2.64x10 9 8.72x10 8 3.41x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example 9 SBR Nipol SX 1105 Nippon Zeon 5 2 64x10 9 8.72x10 8 3.41x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example 10 SBR Nipol SX1105 NipponZeon 5 264x10 9 8.72x10 8 341x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example II SBR Nipol SX1105 NipponZeon 5 264x10 9 8.72x10 8 3.41x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example 12 SBR Nipol SXI105 Nippon Zeon 30 2 64x10 9 8.72x10 8 3.41x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example 13 SBR Nipol SX1105 Nippon Zeon 5 2.64x10 9 8.72x10 8 3.41x10 8 Co., Ltd. Example 14 Acrylic AE343 JSR Ltd. 5 4 90x10 9 5.16x10 8 6.30x10 7 Example 15 NBR Nipol LX517A Nippon Zeon 5 1.68x10 6 2 09x10 6 2 86x10 6 Co., Ltd. Example 16 Polyurethane Ramic R Toyo Ink. 5 8.78x10 8 4.39x10 8 2 45x 108 LP Fine Medium Mfg. Co., Ltd. Example 17 Polyurethane New LP R Toyo Ink 5 2.95x10 8 1.81x10 8 I 29x10 8 Super Medium Mfg. Co., Ltd. Example 18 Polyurethane Ramister R Toyo Ink 5 2.93x10 8 2 19x10 8 1 85x10 8 Medium Mfg. Co., Ltd. Example 19 Polyurethane Sunprene UWS-140 Sayno 5 7.02x10 9 6.28x10 9 5 70x10 9 Chemical Industries Ltd. Example 20 EVA Sumika S-471 Sumitomo 5 1 45xl0 10 l.91x10 9 2.85x10 8 Flex Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. Comp. None Example I Comp. None Example 2 Comp None Example 3 Comp. None Example 4 Comp None Example 5 Comp. None Example 6 - 11 - 1V~I UU I i IJ TABLE 3 Silvering Total thickness Step height at the Flaking Example No. (number of of tape (sm) end of paint tape breaks) coating Example 1 0 55 Good Good Example 2 0 70 Fair Good Example 3 0 55 Good Good Example 4 0 55 Fair Good Example 5 0 55 Fair Good Example 6 1 55 Good Good Example 7 0 55 Fair Good Example 8 4 70 Bad Good Example 9 0 80 Bad Good Example 10 0 105 Bad Good Example 11 2 92 Bad Good Example 12 1 112 Bad Good Example 13 4 110 Bad Good Example 14 0 55 Good Good Example 15 0 55 Good Good Example 16 0 55 Good Good Example 17 0 55 Good Good Example 18 0 55 Good Good Example 19 0 55 Good Good Example 20 0 55 Good Good Comp. Example 1 20 50 Good Good Comp. Example 2 15 63 Fair Good Comp. Example 3 20 125 Bad Good Comp. Example 4 20 55 Fair Bad Comp. Example 5 15 90 Bad Bad Comp. Example 6 20 105 Bad Bad - 12 - From the results described in Table 3, the following points are considered. First, the masking tape according to the present invention is preferably composed of a substrate primary layer made of a synthetic resin material and an auxiliary substrate layer made of a synthetic resin material having an elastic modulus within the range from of 1.0 x 105 to 5 3.3 x 10 9 dyn/cm 2 , and preferably has a thickness of 5 to 80 tm. By laminating the above auxiliary substrate layer on the substrate primary layer, the anti-slivering effect could have been exerted without increasing the total thickness of the tape. As described above, when the masking tape of the present invention is used, it becomes possible to reduce a gap at the boundary between a painted portion and a non 10 painted portion when the masking tape is peeled off after the completion of painting, thereby to make a paint line look better. It is also possible to easily peel off the masking tape without breaking the tape when the masking tape is peeled off from the article to be painted after the temperature of the paint film is lowered after painting, or under another low-temperature environment. 15 - 13 -