AU5102099A

AU5102099A - Enhanced visibility traffic signal

Info

Publication number: AU5102099A
Application number: AU51020/99A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Dale G. Jones; Barbara L. Marcum; Jerry A. Williams; Priscilla Williams
Original assignee: Blinkerstop LLC
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-07-13
Filing date: 1999-07-13
Publication date: 2000-02-01
Anticipated expiration: 2019-07-13
Also published as: WO2000003370A1; CA2337057C; AU769726B2; EP1097440A1; CA2337057A1; EP1097440A4

Description

WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 1 ENHANCED VISIBILITY TRAFFIC SIGNAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to traffic signals and relates more particularly to 5 an enhanced visibility traffic signal, such as a stop sign, which has a plurality of lights, such as light emitting diodes, or LEDs, disposed thereupon, so as to attract attention thereto in a manner which makes the traffic signal more likely to be seen and obeyed. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10 Traffic signals for regulating the flow of traffic upon roadways are well known. Common examples of such traffic signals include stop signs, yield signs and speed limit signs, as well as a plurality of other signs and the like which are intended to control traffic and/or to provide helpful directions. Of these various different traffic control signs, stop signs are particularly important 15 because failure to obey a stop sign is especially likely to result in an automobile accident. Such automobile accidents frequently result in undesirable automobile damage, personal injury and/or death. Of course, the failure to obey various other traffic control signs and the like also frequently results in such automobile accidents. Occasionally, the failure to obey such critical traffic control signs results from a difficulty 20 or inability to see the traffic control sign. Sometimes not seeing such traffic control signs results from nearby distractions, which cause the driver to pay attention to something other than the traffic control sign. Other times, the traffic signs may be partially obstructed by foliage, or the driver may merely be inattentive. In any instance, drivers occasionally overlook critical traffic control signs and thereby risk automobile damage, personal injury and death. 25 Further, the ability of a driver to see traffic control signs and the like is generally dependent upon the ambient lighting conditions. For example, traffic control signs are substantially more difficult to see during periods of darkness or near darkness as well as during adverse weather conditions, e.g., overcast, fog, rain, sleet or snow. Contemporary stop signs having LEDs formed thereon are known. For example, clusters 30 of LEDs are being used to replace the red incandescent lights in the traffic signals, where 300 or more LEDs are clustered together to provide sufficient brightness. Such contemporary illuminated signs have been used by the prior art in an attempt to mitigate the above described problems associated with the difficulty or inability to see stop signs during darkness, near darkness and adverse weather conditions. However, such contemporary illuminated stop signs 35 utilize LEDs which have a typical brightness of 1,500 millicandella or less and which thus do not contribute substantially to enhancing the visibility of the stop sign. Further, the total included radiation pattern angle of the LED clusters in such contemporary illuminated stop signs -1- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I is generally greater than 20 degrees, thus undesirably reducing their effectiveness to be visible at a distance or in adverse conditions. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the ability of LEDs to contribute to enhancing the visibility of a stop sign or the like is dependent upon the brightness of the LEDs and also the 5 radiation pattern angle thereof. Greater brightness provides more light, thus making the LEDs easier to see. A smaller radiation angle concentrates the available light, again making the LEDs easier to see. In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide traffic signals having enhanced visibility, so as to enhance the likelihood of the traffic signal being seen and obeyed and thereby 10 mitigate the likelihood of accidents occurring as a result of failure to observe the traffic signal. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention specifically addresses and alleviates the above-mentioned deficiencies associated with the prior art. More particularly, the present invention comprises a 15 traffic control signal having a structure which has traffic control indicia formed thereon. At least one LED, preferably a plurality of LEDs, is formed upon the structure so as to attract attention to the indicia. The LEDs of the present invention have a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella. The LEDs of the present invention preferably have a brightness of between approximately 6,000 millicandella and approximately 60,000 millicandella. 20 Further, the LEDs of the present invention preferably have a radiation pattern with a total included angle of less than approximately 20 degrees, preferably less than approximately 10 degrees. Thus, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, the traffic control sign of the present invention has substantially enhanced visibility, particularly in darkness, near darkness and in 25 adverse weather conditions. The substantially enhanced visibility of the present invention is provided by the greater brightness and reduced radiation pattern angle of the LEDs utilized. These, as well as other advantages of the present invention, will be more apparent from the following description and drawings. It is understood that changes in the specific structure shown and described may be made within the scope of the claims without departing from the 30 spirit of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic showing a solar-powered battery charging circuit for the enhanced visibility traffic sign of the present invention; 35 FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic showing the LED control circuity for the enhanced visibility traffic control sign of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a rear view of an exemplary traffic control sign having a plurality of LEDs mounted thereupon according to the present invention; -2- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I FIG. 4 is a side view of the exemplary traffic control sign of FIG. 3: FIG. 5 is an enlarged side view, partially in cross section, showing a single LED mounted to the traffic control sign of FIG. 3 and showing the radiation pattern angle of the LED; FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of an LED control module having a single LED 5 and also having conductive conduits extending therefrom. so as to effect control of the plurality of other LEDs mounted upon the traffic control sign; FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an enhanced configuration of the enhanced visibility traffic control sign of the present invention, having a plurality of optional circuits for enhancing the utility thereof; 10 FIG. 8 is an electrical schematic of the main control circuit of FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is an electrical schematic of an auxiliary override circuit according to the present invention; FIG. 10 is an electrical schematic showing maintenance and test circuitry associated with the block diagram of the enhanced utility traffic control sign of FIG. 7; 15 FIG. 11 is a front view of a pole-mounted stop light having a stop sign attached thereto such that the stop sign will be displayed if power to the stop light is interrupted, showing the stop sign in the stowed configuration; FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the stop sign of FIG. 11, showing the stop sign in the deployed configuration thereof; and 20 FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view of the stop sign of FIG. 12, showing the mechanism for holding the stop sign in the stowed position thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is 25 intended as a description of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present invention may be constructed or utilized. The description sets forth the functions and the sequence of steps for constructing and operating the invention in connection with the illustrated embodiments. It is to be understood, however, that the same or equivalent functions and sequences may be accomplished by different 30 embodiments that are also intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention. Referring now to FIG. 1, the battery charging circuit of the present invention is configured so as to mitigate problems associated with over charging which may occur when the ambient temperature is excessively hot, e.g., on very sunny days. Those skilled in the art will appreciate 35 that excessive charging of some rechargeable batteries, particularly when the temperature of the battery is high, is undesirable.

WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I The battery charging circuit of the present invention is also configured so as to avoid excessive discharging of the battery through the solar panel during period of reduced illumination, e.g., at night or in adverse weather conditions. Resistors 11, 13, and 14 provide desired biasing to transistor 15 which functions as a 5 switch so as to significantly decrease the current path between the battery 10 and the solar panel 18 when the temperature of temperature-sensitive resistor, or thermistor 17 is raised above a predetermined threshold value. Thus, thermistor 17 functions as a temperature sensor, so as to provide a control input to transistor 15, which allows significant current flow from the solar panel 18 into the battery 10 only when the ambient temperature is below the predefined threshold 10 value. Thus, the lifetime of the battery is extended by reducing the charging current as ambient temperature increases. In operation, the thermistor 17 and the 6.8K resistor 14 form a voltage divider. As temperature increases, the thermistor resistance decreases, causing less current to flow through the 6.8K resistor 14 and thereby decreasing the battery charging current. Conversely, as 15 temperature decreases, the reverse effect takes place. The thermistor 17 preferably has a resistance of 10K at 77 degrees F and the resistance varies within a typical range of about 27K at 32 degrees F to 4K at 120 degrees F. Diode 12 inhibits undesirable discharging of the battery 10 through the solar panel 18 during conditions of reduced ambient lighting, such as at night when the voltage developed by 20 solar panel 18 may be less than the voltage charge of the battery 10. The present invention preferably comprises either one or two 12 vdc, 1600 milliamp-hour rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. The solar panel preferably comprises an 18 volt maximum open-circuit, 6 watt, Siemens SM-6 solar panel, rated 330 mA, but in normal sunny condition provides about 200 mA maximum, and in shady, dim, or bright foggy 25 conditions, provides about 24 to 32 mA at 12.3 volts sufficient for battery recharging. Referring now to FIG. 2, one preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a solar panel 20 coupled so as to charge a battery 21, substantially as shown in FIG. 1. Thermistor 22 is coupled so as to inhibit charging of the battery 21 by the solar panel 20 when ambient temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Biasing resistors 23, 24 and 30 25 cooperate with thermistor 22 so as to cause transistor 26 to conduct substantially only when ambient temperature is below the predetermined threshold value. Transistor 26 is preferably mounted to a 3/16-inch diameter can, or the like, which will function as a heat sink therefor. In this manner, undesirable charging of the battery 21 by the solar panel 20 during periods of hot temperature is avoided, as discussed above. It is also common practice to locate thermistor 22 35 on the surface of battery 21 to thereby detect the increased temperature of the battery itself caused by recharging. Diode 27 prevents the battery 21 from discharging through the solar panel 20 when ambient lighting is insufficient to effect charging of the battery 21 by the solar panel 20. -4- WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 I On/off switch 29 allows the LEDs 45a-45h to be turned on or off either manually or remotely, as discussed in detail below. Diode 30 prevents reverse current flow through the solar panel 20 during periods of low illumination. Resistor 31 cooperates with zener diode 32, capacitor 36, and transistors 33, 34 and 35 to effect switching on of the LEDs 45a-45h only when 5 ambient illumination detected by solar panel 20 has dropped below a predetermined threshold value. The LEDs 45a-45h preferably comprise Toshiba TLRH1 90P LEDs, or similar high output InGaAlP LEDs with peak emission wavelength between 560 and 660 nanometers in the visible light spectrum. Each LED 45a-45h, preferably comprises a jumbo 10 mm diameter LED which provides 10 a much brighter output intensity than conventional LEDs having smaller diameters. For example, the output intensity, measured in millicandella, is typically from about 100 to 600 for conventional LEDs, while the output light for jumbo LEDs is typically greater than approximately 6,000 millicandella. Commercially available jumbo LEDs, which require approximately 20 milliamps of 15 current, may provide intensities up to 60,000 millicandella. Such LEDs emit a very bright and comparatively narrow beam of light having a total included cone angle or radiation pattern angle of less than about 7 degrees. Indeed, many types of the jumbo LEDs have even a smaller total included cone angle or radiation pattern angle of less than about 4 degrees. Since traffic signs are typically pointed toward oncoming traffic, the 20 emitted light from such LEDs is thereby generally pointed directly toward oncoming traffic, and will not be seen by traffic on side streets, thus minimizing the need for shielding the output light from the LEDs. Thus, the light emitted from such LEDs is more efficiently utilized compared with the light emitted from contemporary, e.g., non-jumbo LEDs, or LED clusters which have larger radiation pattern angles. 25 Integrated timer circuit 43 provides an output LED drive signal which facilitates illumination of the LEDs 45a-45h such that the LEDs 45a-45h are illuminated according to a desired duty cycle and a desired on time. The integrated circuit timer 43 preferably comprises a TLC 555 ceramic metal oxide substrate (CMOS) integrated circuit. The TLC 555 integrated circuit timer has a current drain of only 14 mA when used with eight LEDs which are turned on 30 simultaneously and 1.3 mA with the LEDs turned off. The LED cathode voltage is 0.92 volts with the LEDs on and 12.32 volts with the LEDs off. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LEDs 45a-45h are mounted about the periphery of a stop sign 46. Further, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first LED branch circuit 48 and a second LED branch circuit 49, each 35 branch containing four LEDs in series and each branch in parallel with each other branch, provide electrical interconnection of the LEDs 49a-49h with the integrated timer circuit 43. Current limiting resistors 47 and 48 limit current flow through the LED branch circuits 48 and 49, respectively. Thus, each branch circuit 48 and 49 is connected in series with a 120 ohm -5- WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 1 resistor so as to provide the desired current flow, e.g., approximately 20 mA through each LED branch circuit 48 and 49. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various different circuit configurations of the LEDs are suitable. For example, integrated time circuit 43 can operate at 5 least six LEDs in a given branch circuit, but by increasing the branch resistor 47 or 48, the number of LEDs in the branch circuit could be decreased down to only one LED. It may also be useful to utilize one or more self-blinking LEDs to effect the blinking cycle without requiring a timer circuit. Thus, for example, all of the LEDs may alternatively be configured in a single serial chain or, alternatively, each of the LEDs may be placed in parallel with one another. 10 Resistors 40 and 41 define the duty cycle and on time of the LEDs 45a-45h. According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, resistor 41 comprises a 386K resistor and resistor 40 comprises a 118K resistor. These resistance values for resistors 40 and 41 define a duty cycle of approximately 20 percent with an on time of approximately 0.25 second. Of course, varying the values of resistors 40 and 41 facilitates changes in the duty cycle and on time 15 such that various different combinations thereof may be obtained, as desired. Indeed, variable resistors, such as the Boums 3386 3/8-inch square metal cermet resistor may alternatively be used in place of resistors 40 and 41 so as to facilitate convenient manual changing of the duty cycle and on time. In order to provide a 50 percent duty cycle per the Manual of Uniform Traffic Devices, 20 or MUTCD guideline published by the United States Federal Highway Commission for red blinking lights on a stop sign located at a remote intersection, and to provide an on time of approximately one second, the resistances of resistors 41 and 40 should be approximately 60K and 600K, respectively. It is important that resistor 41 have a resistance of at least 10K, in order to prevent 25 undesirable damage to integrated circuit timer 43. Resistor 40 and capacitor 37 cooperate to determine the on time of the LEDs 45a-45h. The series combination of resistors 40 and 41 with the capacitor 37 determines the off time of the LEDs 45a-45h. The blinking cycle time is the sum of the on and off times. The capacitor 38 prevents parasitic oscillation of the integrated circuit timer 43. 30 According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit is configured so as to facilitate compliance with the MUTCD guideline which specifies that the preferred blink cycle for red blinking lights mounted on stop signs at remote intersections as one second on and one second off, equivalent to a 50 percent duty cycle and an on time of one second. 35 The solar panel output voltage is used to turn the integrated circuit timer 43 on and off, using the high-gain Darlington transistor pair 34 and 35 for the switching function. These high gain transistors 34 and 35 ensure that there is no instability in the electrical switching function, so that the LED blinking cycle is either turned fully on or fully off. The use of this Darlington -6- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I pair 34 and 35. and aiming the solar panel such that it is pointed substantially directed upward. tends to mitigate any tendency for vehicle headlights to cause the blinking timer circuit to be undesirably disabled at night such that the LEDs 45a-45h fail to blink as a result of automobile headlights. This arrangement provides a substantial advantage in that no separate photocell or 5 photodetector is needed to provide an ambient light-sensing function, since this function is provided by the solar panel itself according to the present invention. Zener diode 32, in cooperation with resistor 31, determines the output voltage of solar panel 20 which causes the blinking cycle of the LEDs 45a-45h to cease. Mercury tilt switch 56 and fuse 57 cooperate to provide a simple and effective means of 10 disabling the control circuit, so as to prevent further functioning of the LEDs 45a-45h in the event of theft or vandalism. Preferably, the mercury tilt switch 45 is configured such that tilting of more than approximately 30 degrees from the vertical results in closing thereof. Closing of the mercury tilt switch 56 effects a direct short across the terminals of battery 21, thereby causing fuse 57 to blow. Further operation of the LEDs 45a-45h will not occur until the fuse 57 is 15 replaced. Referring now to FIGs. 3 and 4, mounting of the LED drive circuitry and the battery charging circuitry, according to the present invention, is shown. The battery, solar panel, and control circuitry is preferably mounted upon the back of the stop sign as shown in FIGs. 3 and 4. 20 Discussion and illustration of the present invention as a stop sign is by way of example only and not by way of limitation. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the various other embodiments or implementations of the present invention are likewise suitable. Each of the LEDs 45a-45h are also preferably mounted to the back of the stop sign and preferably extend therethrough. The LEDs 45a-45h are mounted about the periphery of the stop 25 sign 46. It is preferred that eight LEDs 45a-45h are mounted, one at each of the eight vertices of the stop sign. The stop sign 46 is attached. via threaded fasteners 50 such as bolts, screws, or any other desired fasteners to pole 51. The LED drive circuitry, rechargeable battery, and battery charging circuitry of FIG. 2 is preferably contained within housing 52, which is attached to the sign 46 via brackets 53. The solar panel 20 is also attached to the stop sign 46 via brackets 53. 30 It should be noted that solar panel 20 can also be mounted remotely, for example at the top of extended mounting pole 51, in which case the rechargeable batteries and control circuits can be contained in a small business 52. The housing 52 is preferably not more than 3/4-inch thick when mounted on the back surface of sign 46. With particular reference to FIG. 4, the LEDs have a radiation pattern having an angle, 35 Angle A (better shown in FIG. 5), less than approximately 20 degrees, preferably less than approximately 10 degrees. Indeed, as discussed above, the LEDs may have a radiation pattern angle less than approximately 4 degrees. -7- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I Referring now to FIG. 5, each LED provides illumination with a radiation pattern having an angle, Angle A, as discussed above. Each LED 45a-45h has a pair of leads 62 and 63 for providing electrical power thereto. According to the present invention, the leads 62 and 63 are at least 3/8 of an inch long, so as to mitigate damage to the LEDs 45a-45h, which may otherwise 5 occur during assembly of the present invention, when the LEDs are soldered in place. Referring now to FIG. 6, the LED housing comprises upper housing section 60 and lower housing section 64, within which a portion of each LED 45a-45h and the LED mount plate 61, as well as the LED drive circuitry 65 of FIG. 2 are disposed. Ribbon cables 66 and 67 provide electrical interconnection between LED drive circuitry 65 and other LEDs which are similarly 10 contained within water-resistant housings. Thus, only one water-resistant housing, such as that shown FIG. 6, needs to contain the LED drive circuitry 65 while the other water-resistant housings merely contain the remaining LEDs and provide electrical connection thereto. Alternatively, LED drive circuitry 65 and rechargeable battery, preferably NiMH type, can be contained in a separate enclosure mounted to the back of stop sign 46. It is preferred that all 15 components extend not more than 0.75 inches from back surface of stop sign 46, except fro the solar panel. Electrical connection between ribbon cable 66 and 67 and LEDs 45a-45h is preferably effectuated using insulation displacement connector, or IDC, connector 74. Trays 68 and 69 preferably cover ribbon cables 66 and 67, so as to provide protection therefor. Cable trays 68 and 69 are sufficiently rigid to provide protection to the ribbon cables 20 67 and 69 enclosed therein. Ribbon cables 66 and 67 preferably contain eight conductors typically 28 AWG stranded type, enclosed by insulation on 0.050 inch centers. Use of the water-resistant enclosure defined by upper section 60 and lower section 64 and the cable trays 68 and 69 substantially reduce the likelihood of undesirable damage during shipping and handling, as well as reduce the likelihood of damage from vandalism or from 25 intrusion of water into the electrical parts. Ribbon cables 66 and 67 thus provide for the independent connection of up to four LEDs each to the control circuit, such that each such LED may be independently controlled by the control circuit and independently tested thereby. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the control circuit and cables 66 and 67 may be configured to accommodate any desired number of 30 LEDs. Optionally, some or all of the ribbon cables 66 and 67 and the cable trays 68 and 69 are secured to the back of the stop sign 46 via VHB tape sold by the 3M Company or any other desired bonding or affixing material. Pin selectors 57 and 58 define the desired sequential connections between the eight 35 conductor ribbon cables 69 and 67, respectively, and may optionally provide connection between LED leads 62 and 63 of FIG. 5 and the desired positive or negative conductor in each ribbon cable 69 and 67. Each of the pin trees associated with the pin selectors 57 and 58 has four -8- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I possible positions, thereby providing optional connections to all eight conductors in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Attachment of the lower section 64 to the upper housing section 60 preferably effects substantially deforming of the ribbon cables 67 and 69 such that they are caused to compress 5 and bend around forms 73 which function as a cable restraint and thereby prevent damage to the LED drive circuitry 65 in the event that one of the ribbon cables 67 or 69 is inadvertently pulled or displaced. Compression of the ribbon cables 67 and 69 intermediate the upper housing section 60 and the outer O-ring seal 71 contained in groove 75 within lower housing section 64 inhibits the undesirable introduction of water into the housing. 10 A plurality of threaded fasteners, such as screws 70 attach the lower housing section 64 to the upper housing section 60 and may also attach the assembled upper and lower housing section 60 and 64 to the rear of the stop sign 46. Alternatively, the assembled housing may be attached to the stop sign 46 via any other desired means, e.g., adhesive bonding, press fit, other fasteners, etc. Outer 0-ring seal 71 provides a water-resistant seal between the upper housing 15 60 and the lower housing section 64 as upper housing 60 and lower housing 64 are compressed together by fasteners 70. Similarly, LED 0-ring seal 72 provides a water-resistant seal between LEDs 45a-45h and the upper housing section 60, where the LED 45a-45h extends through the upper housing section 60, so as to be visible from the front of the stop sign 46. Thus, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LEDs 45a-45h 20 are each mounted in a small, waterproof enclosure so as to enable any one of several LEDs mounted on a traffic sign to be inspected, removed or replaced as may be desired from time-to time without disturbing any of the remaining LEDs 45a-45h. Replacement of LEDs 45a-45h may be accomplished by detaching IDC connector 74 from ribbon cables 66 and 67 and then re attaching another IDC connector 74 with new LED mount plate 61 to ribbon cables 66 and 67. 25 According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LEDs are thus mounted in a waterproof enclosure such that the output light beam therefrom is aimed approximately perpendicular to the flat surface defined by the stop sign 46. Alternatively, the enclosure defined by the upper enclosure section 60 and lower enclosure section 64 is mounted directly to a generally planar surface and the generally planar surface is then mounted to the stop 30 sign. Referring now to FIG. 7, according to an alternative configuration, the present invention comprises a main control circuit 75 to which a plurality of other circuits may be electrically connected. The main control circuit 75 comprises the integrated circuit timer 43 of FIG. 2 and defines the control circuitry for the LEDs 45a-45h. Batteries 76 and 77 are electrically 35 connectable to the main control circuit 75, so as to provide power for the LEDs 45a-45h. Alternatively, any desired external electrical power source 78 may be utilized, such as a solar panel or other low voltage DC power source. -9- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I Preferably, the LEDs comprise two banks 48 and 49. each having LEDs connected in series and the banks are connected in parallel as shown in FIG. 2. Optionally, a test system 79, discussed in detail below, may be electrically connected to the main control circuit 75 in order to effect testing of the LEDs 45a-45h, batteries 76 and 77, 5 the power source 78, as well as any desired control circuitry. Auxiliary power output board 80 provide output power to other devices, as desired. Override control card 81 facilitates control of the LEDs 45a-45h via any desired source other than the internal LED control circuitry of FIG. 2. Thus, for example, the LEDs may be controlled by external environmental sensors, such as an ice or freeze sensor or remotely from 10 an emergency vehicle, as discussed in detail below. Blink selection option 82 facilitates changing of the duty cycle and/or on time. Other future auxiliary circuits interface 83 facilitates the electrical connection of a variety of other optional features, as discussed in detail below. Time-of-day memory time cycle 85 comprises an ambient light sensor and a timer such 15 that illumination of the LEDs 45a-45h may be controlled with respect to a dusk-to-dawn cycle. For example, the LEDs may be preprogrammed so as to begin illuminating one hour prior to dusk and to cease illuminating one hour after dawn. In this manner, illumination of the LEDs is dependent upon the times of sunrise and sunset, but frequent reprogramming due to variations in these times is not necessary. 20 Theft transponder 86 provides a signal, which may be detected by a local police department, in the instance that the illuminated stop sign of the present invention is moved, e.g., stolen. The signal is preferably provided via a wireless or radio frequency link. However, any other suitable signal, such as an audible alarm signal, may similarly be utilized. Colored and multi-colored LEDs 87 may optionally be used to facilitate communication 25 of more complex messages or to enhance the capability of the present invention to attract attention. Ice or freeze warning 88 provides an autoblink or increased blink rate when a temperature sensor senses a temperature drop below a predetermined threshold, such that ice is likely to form upon the roadway so as to present a hazard to nearby motorists. The increased blink rate will 30 draw enhanced attention to the stop sign. Vehicle headlight activation minimum battery 90 comprises an optional circuit for sensing the presence of an approaching vehicle, such as a photosensor (for sensing headlights), a radar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or any other desired sensor. The LEDs 45a-45h are only activated when an approaching vehicle is sensed, to conserve battery power. 35 Multiple signs trigger circuits and sequence logics 91 provides control circuitry so as to facilitate illumination of LEDs upon a plurality of different signs in any desired manner. For example. a dangerous curve in the roadway may be indicated by a blinking sequence of arrows formed upon a sign. -10- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I Multi-intersection or complex intersection controls 92 provide control circuitry so as to cause a plurality of separate traffic control signals to cooperate with one another such that traffic at a plurality of different intersections or from a plurality of different signs at a single intersection regulate traffic in a desired manner. 5 Real time clock on/off controller 93 facilitates illumination of the LEDs 45a-45h according to a predetermined schedule which does not depend upon the presence or absence of ambient lighting. Thus, for example, the LEDs may be pre-programmed so as to initiate illumination at 7:00 p.m. each evening and so as to cease illumination at 7:00 a.m. each morning. Referring now to FIG. 8, an electrical schematic for implementing features shown in the 10 block diagram of FIG. 7 is provided. As in the electrical schematic of FIG. 2. integrated circuit timer 101 provides an output for driving LEDs according to a desired duty cycle and on time. Preferably, two branch circuits of LEDs, via LED string 1 connector 110 and LED string 2 connector 111, are utilized. Resistors 155 and 156 in FIG. 9 which are connected via connector 1 of override 15 connector 114 facilitate the definition of a desired duty cycle and on time for the LEDs. Also, transistors 103, 104 and 105 cooperate so as to facilitate operation of the integrated circuit timer 101 without undesirable oscillation. Resistor 123 and zener diode 124 in cooperation with transistor 105 and interrupt switch 151 in FIG. 9 are connected by connector 2 in override connector 114 to facilitate operation of the LEDs only during a period of low illumination, as 20 discussed in detail above. One important aspect of the electrical schematic of FIG. 8 is the use of plug-in connectors 110, 111, 113, 114, 115 and 116. These plug-in connectors 110. 111, 113, 114, 115 and 116 facilitate the use of a common control circuit for a variety of different LED traffic sign applications. 25 Thus, according to the present invention, the 8-conductor auxiliary override connector 114 may be utilized to control the duty cycle and on time via connections 1 thereof: to force the LED blink cycle to commence upon demand via connection 2 thereof; and to provide power from a remote DC power supply, such as a solar panel via connector 3 thereof. Connector 115 facilitates the connection of a first battery thereto via the plus and minus 30 terminals thereof and the connection of a thermistor via the other two terminals thereof. Similarly, connector 116 facilitates the use of a second battery and thermistor, if desired. LED string number 1 connector 110 facilitates the attachment of an 8-conductor LED ribbon connector which may facilitate electrical connection to from one to four individual LEDs. The current in each LED string is preferably adjusted to 20 mA via balancing resistors 117 and 118 35 which are preferably mounted so as to facilitate easy changing thereof. The 16-conductor test console connector 113 facilitates both operational and maintenance testing as described in further detail below. -11- WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 I Removal jumpers or pin selectors 121 and 122 facilitate further control of the LEDs. When removal pin selector 121 is removed, then the main control circuit is completely disabled and the LEDs will not illuminate. When removable pin selector 122 is removed, then the LED blinking cycle is forced to turn on. 5 As mentioned above, electrical power may optionally be provided via a solar panel or other external power source by electrical connection to connection 3 of override connector 114. When sufficient ambient light is available, then the solar panel input voltage, which is provided through resistor 123 is sufficient to cause zener diode 124 to conduct, thereby causing transistor 105 to shunt voltage away from Darlington transistors 103 and 104. When voltage is shunted 10 away from Darlington transistors 103 and 104, then insufficient voltage is provided to the IC timer 101 to maintain triggering of the LED blink cycle and the LED blink cycle therefore ceases. Thus, at night, in darkness or in adverse weather conditions zener diode 124 overcomes the reduced solar panel output voltage and transistor 105 no longer shunts voltage away from the Darlington transistors 103 and 104, thus facilitating triggering of the LED blink cycle via 15 integrated circuit timer 101. Removing pin selector 122 has a similar effect by interrupting the function of transistor 105 so as to shunt voltage away from the Darlington transistors 103 and 104. Transistors 120 and 125 in combination with resistors 126-131 provide the same battery charging and regulating functions as the corresponding components shown in FIG. 2. However, 20 since the electrical schematic of FIG. 8 contemplates the optional use of two batteries (attached via electrical connectors 115 and 116) and since the associated regulating thermistors are not located on the main control board, but rather are preferably located inside the battery packs themselves, provision is made for the interconnection of the batteries and the thermistors via electrical connectors 115 and 116. 25 Referring now to FIG. 9, a preferred embodiment of the auxiliary override circuit is provided. Connector 159 is electrically attached to override connector 114 in FIG. 8. Resistor 155 and resistor 156, which are preferably both mounted so as to be easily replaceable, are optionally used to adjust the LED on time and duty cycle, respectively. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the use of several banks of such resistors, combined with override 30 transponder relays on the auxiliary override circuit would allow override of the LED blink cycle so as to facilitate the use of an increased blink rate, e.g., two or three times that of the normal blink rate, in order to alert motorists to emergency conditions. Jumper assembly or pin selector 157 may be removed from the pin tree so as to force the LED blinking cycle to commence. A number of different methods for remotely activating a relay 35 on the auxiliary override circuit so as to force the LEDs to start blinking or to blink at different rates using a relay device to optionally select from a number of pairs of resistors 155 and 156 are contemplated, as mentioned above and discussed in detail below. -12- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I External electrical power is provided from a solar panel or other external DC power source via connections 3a and/or 3b of connector 158. Connection number 4 of connector 158 facilitates the addition of an auxiliary power output connector so as to facilitate the provision of electrical power to any other desired device. Connection 2a is an auxiliary connection to other 5 optional means for forcing the LED blink cycle to start. For example, it may be desirable to provide a radio frequency or other wireless means for initiating the blink cycle, so as to allow emergency vehicles to control traffic. Further, external sensors, such as a freeze or ice warning sensor may attached so as to cause the LEDs to blink when the temperature falls below a predetermined threshold value. 10 Referring now to FIG. 10, a test system circuit is used to test the independent functioning of each individual LED 45a-45h (FIG. 2), the solar panel output, and the batteries. Connections 1-16 are electrically connected to the test console connector 117 of FIG. 8 using suitable connection means. Connections 7-11 corresponding to test switches 160-163 are used to individually test each LED in LED string 1 (48 of FIG. 2). Likewise, connections 12-16, 15 corresponding to test switches 164-167 are used to individually test each of the LEDs in LED string 2 (FIG. 2). The switches 160-167 may be operated manually, automatically via mechanical means, or may be computer or otherwise electronically controlled. If any particular LED in one of the two LED strings fails, then all of the rest of the LEDs in that string will cease blinking. A common problem is to determine which of the LEDs in a 20 string has failed, so as to facilitate only replacement of the failed LED. The test system circuit of the present invention shown in FIG. 10 facilitates such individual testing of the LEDs. In order to facilitate such individual testing of the LEDs, the 3-position maintenance switch 168 is used. The three positions correspond to (a) always blink, (b) normal operation and (c) disconnect. The 3-position maintenance switch 168 is moved to "always blink" to force the LED 25 blinking cycle to start. Then, if there is a failed LED, the failed LED string may be observed. When the test switch 160-167 for a particular LED is closed, then that LED is bypassed. If the bypassed LED is the failed LED, then the rest of the LEDs on the failed LED string will commence blinking. If the LED corresponding to the closed switch is not the failed LED, then none of the LEDs on that particular LED string will blink. Thus, if there are no failed LEDs on 30 either LED string, then only that particular LED being tested will stop blinking when the associate LED test switch 160-167 is closed. By selecting each of the LED test switches 160-167 in sequence, it is thus a simple matter to find any failed LED when all of the rest of the LEDs on that particular LED string resume blinking. If there is more than one failed LED, then the test switch for each failed LED must be 35 used before the remaining LEDs will begin blinking again. If there are no failed LEDs, then circuit continuity and integrity can easily be verified by turning off each of the blinking LEDs in sequence utilizing the LED test switches. -13- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I Switch 168 and 169, taken together, preferably define a 3-position maintenance test switch wherein in a first position switch 168 is closed and switch 169 is open. In a second position, both 168 and 169 are open and in a third position, 168 is open and 169 is closed. In the first position (168 closed and 169 open), the LEDs 45a-45h blink continuously. In the second 5 position, (both 168 and 169 open), the control circuit operates normally, i.e., the LEDs illuminate when ambient light falls below a predetermined threshold value and the LEDs blink with a duty cycle and on time as defined by the integrated circuit timer 43 and associated circuitry. When the test maintenance switch is in the third position (switch 168 is open and switch 169 is closed), then the control circuit is disabled and all batteries and external power supplies are disconnected 10 therefrom. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the test system circuit is mounted in a hand-held test console which can be manually plugged into the test console connector 113 of the main control circuit board of FIG. 8 using a 16-pin connector. For example, a 16-conductor ribbon cable, typically approximately six feet long, may be utilized to effect such 15 electrical interconnection. After plugging the 16-pin connector into the main control circuit board, a technician may then stand in front of the enhanced visibility traffic signal of the present invention and effect desired testing thereof. Thus, the LEDs, solar panel and/or batteries may be tested as described above. Switch 172 facilitates the testing of the battery for proper voltage. Switch 173 facilitates 20 the testing of the solar panel for proper output during normal daylight conditions or, an external low voltage DC power source can be tested. Thus, the test circuit of FIG. 10 allows a test technician to rapidly and efficiently perform all tests necessary to verify proper operation and/or identify maintenance requirements for one or more enhanced visibility traffic signals of the present invention. 25 Referring now to FIGs. 11-13, the present invention optionally comprises a fail-safe stop sign 140 configured so as to actuate or provide a traffic indication in the event of power loss or other emergency condition. Thus, for example, this optional configuration of the present invention comprises a stop sign Thus, a sign, such as stop sign 140, is configured so as to be displayed in the event of loss 30 of power. Thus, for example, for such stop signs 140 may be provided at a 4-way intersection such that in the event of loss of power and the consequent non-functioning of the traffic lights, each of the stop signs is displayed, so as to define a 4-way stop, or alternatively, for example, a required stop on side streets to a main highway. In this manner, the likelihood of traffic accidents is mitigated desirably. 35 Although a deployable stop sign is discussed and illustrated herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various other deployable signs are likewise desirable. Thus, the use of a deployable stop sign is by way of example only and not by way of limitation. -14- WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 I Thus, according to this aspect of the present invention, a current detector monitors current provided to the traffic signal light, which should always be present since one of the three, i.e., red, yellow or green, lights should always be illuminated at any given instant. Thus, when no current is present, as may be easily detected on the common or return line from the signal lights, 5 then it is reasonable to assume that a power failure has occurred and that the definition of a 4 way stop via the deployable stop signs is appropriate. With particular reference to FIG. 11, the deployable stop sign 140 is disposed upon a pole 141, which is preferably the same pole that traffic signal light 142 is disposed upon. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the deployable stop sign 140 of the present invention may 10 similarly be mounted to any other structure. With particular reference to FIG. 13, the deployable stop sign 140 comprises upper stop sign section 143 which is rigidly attached to the pole 141 and lower stop sign section 144 which is pivotally attached, via hinge 145, to upper stop sign section 143. Hinge 145 preferably contains a hinge spring to open upon deployment. 15 According to the preferred embodiment of this aspect of the present invention, a detent member comprises a bolt 146 attached to the lower stop sign section 144 via nut 147 and washer 148. The bolt head 149 is captured by a release mechanism 150, which is contained within the upper stop sign section 143. Alternatively, it is preferred that release mechanism 150 is attached to pole 141 using the same mounting bracket which is used to mount upper stop sign section 143. 20 Release actuator 151, preferably comprising a 12-volt DC solenoid or actuator is coupled to effect holding of the detent defined by the head 149 of bolt 146 as long as power is applied to the solenoid or actuator 151. When power is provided to solenoid or actuator 151, then the resulting movement causes linkage 152 to effect release of the detent defined by the head 149 of bolt 146 by the release mechanism 150. 25 Thus, when a power failure occurs, then the solenoid or actuator activates so as to cause release mechanism 150 to allow gravity to move the lower stop sign section 144 to the deployed position thereof, such that the stop sign can be observed by oncoming motorists. Since there is no external electrical power available during a power outage, the electrical power needed to release and deploy a power outage, the electrical power needed to release and deploy the stop 30 sign is provided to solenoid or actuator 151 by the rechargeable battery. Since this is a 12-volt DC battery, the release mechanism is preferably a conventional automotive trunk release mechanism. Optionally, a spring preferably located in hinge 145 may be utilized to assist movement of the lower stop sign section from the stowed position (FIGs. 11 and 13) to the deployed 35 position (FIG. 12) thereof. A spring may similarly be utilized to cause the lower stop sign section to move from the stowed position to the deployed position thereof when the stop sign is positioned or configured such that gravity will not effect such movement. Thus, a stop sign or any other desired sign may be mounted in various different positions and still be caused to move -15- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I from a stowed to a deployed position upon activation of a release mechanism, such as may be effected by a loss of power. A toroidal current transformer 175 or the like may be installed such that the hot or power wires for each of the red, yellow and green traffic signal lights pass therethrough or such that a 5 common or return line passes therethrough, so as to provide an indication of the presence of current to the traffic signal. Deployment of the deployable traffic sign 140 is preferably delayed by at least 2 to 10 seconds after current loss is sensed, so that it does not deploy in the event of a short duration power fluctuation. As shown in FIG. 11, the solar panel 20 is preferably mounted atop the pole 141. 10 Alternatively, the solar panel 20 may be mounted at any other convenient location, such as at some point upon the pole intermediate the deployable stop sign 140 and the top of the pole or upon the deployable stop sign 140 itself. When the solenoid or actuator 151 deactivates so as to effect deployment of the deployable stop sign 140, the LED blinking cycle for the LEDs 45a-45h also starts. Preferably, 15 the LEDs 45a-45h continue to blink until the restoration of electrical power has been detected. Optionally, the LEDs 45a-45h may be controlled so as to blink only at night or in near darkness or adverse weather conditions, or may be pre-programmed to blink according to a predetermined schedule according to either a real time or dusk/dawn timer. After power has been restored, then a maintenance technician can restore the deployable 20 stop sign 142 its stowed position. Preferably, a latch holds the lower sign section 144 in the deployed position thereof. Thus, the maintenance technician may be required to unlatch the lower sign section 144 so as to effect its return to the stowed position thereof. The outside surface of the stowed deployable stop sign 140 may optionally be used as a sign, a community identification emblem or as any other desired type of conventional sign. 25 According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a lightweight, portable LED illuminated traffic sign system with a sign-mounted rechargeable battery preferably allowing at least fifty hours of LED operation at a 50 percent duty cycle is further described herein. Such a portable traffic sign is widely acceptable for a variety of different applications including emergency or police uses, for example, at traffic accident sites, 30 checkpoints, construction projects, traffic signal outages, etc. Such a portable preferred embodiment of the present invention preferably comprises an 18-inch stop sign constructed from 16-gauge sheet metal and weighing approximately two pounds. Eight LEDs having water-resistant housing similar to those shown in FIG. 6 are preferably powered by a single 1600 milliamp-hour rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH) 35 battery and a main control circuit which add only approximately two pounds to the weight of the stop sign. A wire frame mounting stand, preferably using 1/4-inch diameter wire including attachment points to the 18-inch stop sign add approximately another four pounds. The total -16- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I weight of such an 18-inch portable LED illuminated stop sign is approximately only eight pounds. Such a completely portable LED illuminated stop sign with a 1600 milliamp-hour battery is thus designed to operate for at least fifty hours at 50 percent duty cycle with eight LEDs, each 5 blinking with at least 6,000 millicandella of output light. The 1600 milliamp-hour NiMH battery may be recharged using a polarized 2-wire plug from any vehicle 12-volt DC electrical system or from a 120-volt AC power source using an appropriate charger. For example, the present invention may be configured so as to indicate the presence of a dangerous curve using a number of LED defined arrows or chevrons which may be controlled 10 so as to operate in a desired sequence which clearly indicates the direction of an upcoming turn in the roadway ahead. According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, remote control activation of the LEDs by emergency vehicles such as police cars, ambulances, fire trucks, military vehicles or an intelligent traffic system (ITS) is facilitated. Thus, the so-called 15 "firehouse pre-empt" is an override transponder operated by radio or ITS control which is presently used in some cities to remotely control traffic signal lights so as to facilitate safer and faster response by firefighting vehicles. Other types of remote control transponders could be used to either selectively start, or double or triple the LED blinking rate on individual LED activated traffic signs to thereby allow police or other emergency vehicles to provide enhanced 20 awareness of emergency conditions by remote control. Still another type of remote control from police vehicle transponder or ITS control could effectuate deployment and onset of LED blinking cycles in traffic signs which are normally mounted in a stowed and non-blinking condition. The present invention may further comprise hand-held stop paddles for use by crossing guards, which are actuated using a manual switch mounted in the stop paddle and which can be 25 recharged using a suitable charging device. The enhanced visibility traffic signal of the present invention may be constructed by either retrofitting an existing traffic signal such as a stop sign or by custom manufacturing new traffic signals. According to an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention, one or more 30 photodetectors or radar detectors is aimed toward oncoming motor vehicle traffic, so as to detect the approach of a motor vehicle at night or in overcast weather conditions. The blink cycle time may be increased to provide additional visibility during the approach of a motor vehicle and then reset to a normal, e.g., lower, rate after the motor vehicle has passed by. It is understood that the exemplary traffic control signs described herein and shown in the 35 drawings represent only presently preferred embodiments of the invention. Various modifications and additions may be made to such embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. -17-

Claims

1. A traffic control signal comprising: a structure having traffic control indicia formed thereon; 5 at least one LED formed upon the structure so as to attract attention to the indicia; and wherein the LED(s) have a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella.

2. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) have a brightness of between approximately 6,000 millicandella and approximately 60,000 10 millicandella.

3. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) have a radiation pattern with an angle of less than approximately 20 degrees. 15

4. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) have a radiation pattern with an angle of less than approximately 10 degrees.

5. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the structure comprises a generally planar structure. 20

6. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the structure defines a sign.

7. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the structure defines a stop sign. 25

8. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a duty cycle of the LED(s).

9. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit 30 coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a duty cycle of the LED(s) which is greater than approximately 20%.

10. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a duty cycle of the LED(s) which is between approximately 35 20% and approximately 50%.

11. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a variable duty cycle for the LED(s). -18- WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 1

12. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1. further comprising a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) to define an on time therefor of between approximately 0.2 seconds and approximately 5.0 seconds. 5

13. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) to define a variable on time therefor of between approximately 0.2 seconds and approximately 5.0 seconds.

14. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprise a 10 plurality of LED(S).

15. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprise 8 LEDs. 15

16. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1. further comprising at least one battery power supply coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s).

17. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising at least one nickel metal hydride battery power supply coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s). 20

18. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising two battery power supplies coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s) in a redundant fashion, such that only one of the two battery power supplies is necessary for illumination of the LED(s). 25

19. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising: at least one battery power supply coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s); and a solar panel coupled to effect charging of the battery power supply(ies).

20. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising: 30 at least one battery power supply coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s); a solar panel coupled to effect charging of the battery power supply(ies); and a battery charging circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery power supply(ies) by the solar panel. 35

21. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising: at least one battery power supply coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s); a solar panel coupled to effect charging of the battery power supply(ies); and -19- WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 1 a battery charging circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery power supply(ies) by the solar panel, the battery charging circuit being configured to inhibit discharging of the battery power supply(ies) when ambient illumination is insufficient to effect charging of the battery power supply(ies) by the solar panel and the battery charging circuit being configured 5 to cease charging of the battery power supply(ies) when ambient temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

22. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising: at least one battery power supply coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s); 10 a solar panel coupled to effect charging of the battery power supply(ies); a battery charging circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery power supply(ies) by the solar panel, the battery charging circuit comprising: a diode coupled to inhibit discharging of the battery power supply(ies) when ambient illumination is insufficient to effect charging of the battery power supply(ies) by the 15 solar panel; and a thermistor coupled to substantially cease charging of the battery power supply(ies) when ambient temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

23. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising; 20 at least one battery power supply coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s); a solar panel coupled to effect charging of the battery power supply(ies); and a control circuit coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s) when ambient light received by the solar panel drops below a predetermined threshold. 25

24. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising; at least one battery power supply coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s); a solar panel coupled to effect charging of the battery power supply(ies); and a control circuit coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s) when an output of the solar panel drops below a predetermined threshold. 30

25. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising test circuitry for facilitating testing of electrical components thereof.

26. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising test circuitry for 35 facilitating testing of at least one item selected from the group consisting of: the LED(s); a battery; and a solar panel. -20- WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 1

27. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising test circuitry for facilitating testing of individual LEDs thereof.

28. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising an external 5 power port for coupling an external power source to the LED(s) to effect illumination thereof.

29. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a test port for coupling an external test apparatus to at least one item selected from the group consisting of: the LED(s); 10 a battery; and a solar panel.

30. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising an override control circuit for facilitating external control of the LED(s). 15

31. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1. further comprising a timer for effecting illumination of the LED(s) during predetermined times.

32. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a real time 20 memory timer for effecting illumination of the LED(s) during predetermined times.

33. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a dusk to dawn timer for effecting illumination of the LED(s) at desired times. 25

34. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a theft transponder for transmitting a signal if the structure is moved.

35. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a multiple sign control circuit configured to facilitate control of LEDs on a plurality of traffic control signs. 30

36. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a multiple intersection control circuit configured to control traffic control signals at a plurality of intersections. 35

37. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprises plural LEDs of a single color. -21- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 1

38. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprises plural LEDs of a plurality of different colors.

39. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a circuit for 5 effecting modification of at least one of a duty cycle and an on time of the LED(s) when an ambient temperature drops below a predetermined threshold value.

40. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a water resistant enclosure within which at least at least one LED are disposed. 10

41. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of water resistant enclosures, the number of water resistant enclosures corresponding generally to the number of LEDs, within which the LEDs are disposed. 15

42. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of water resistant enclosures, the number of water resistant enclosures corresponding generally to the number of LEDs, within which the LEDs are disposed, each water resistant enclosure comprising: a lower housing; 20 an upper housing having a opening formed therein, the opening being configured to receive an LED; a first o-ring disposed intermediate the lower housing and the upper housing so as to mitigate leakage of water into the enclosure between the lower housing and the upper housing; and 25 a second o-ring disposed about the LED to mitigate leakage of water into the enclosure between the upper housing and the LED.

43. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprise at least one self-blinking LED. 30

44. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the structure comprises a sign having a stowed configuration in which the sign is unreadable and a deployed configuration in which the sign is readable and further comprising a fail-safe latch configured to maintain the sign in the stowed configuration thereof as long as power is available wherein the fail-safe latch 35 is configured to facilitate changing of the sign from the stowed configuration to the deployed configuration when a power failure or other emergency condition is detected. -22- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 1

45. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a solar panel coupled to facilitate illumination of the LED(s), the solar panel having an active surface and being configured so as to mitigate incidence of automobile headlights upon the active surface. 5

46. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a solar panel coupled to facilitate illumination of the LED(s), the solar panel having an active surface and being aimed approximately vertically so as to mitigate incidence of automobile headlights upon the active surface. 10

47. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a sensor for sensing a presence of an approaching automobile and a control circuit configured to at least one of activate and control the blink rate of the LED(s) when an approaching automobile is sensed.

48. A traffic control system comprising: 15 a traffic control signal comprising: a structure having traffic control indicia formed thereon; at least one LED formed upon the structure so as to attract attention to the indicia; wherein the LED(s) have a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella; a test port coupled to facilitate testing of the LED(s); and 20 a test apparatus configured to be coupled to the test port of the traffic control signal for testing operation of the LED(s).

49. The traffic control system as recited in claim 48, further comprising a control circuit for controlling operation of the LED(s) and wherein the test apparatus is configured to 25 effect testing of the control circuit.

50. The traffic control system as recited in claim 48, further comprising at least one battery power supply and wherein the test apparatus is configured to effecting testing of the battery power supply(ies). 30

51. The traffic control system as recited in claim 48, further comprising a solar panel and wherein the test apparatus is configured to effect testing of the solar panel.

52. A traffic control signal comprising: 35 a sign having a stowed configuration in which the sign is readable and a deployed configuration in which the sign is readable; and a fail-safe latch configured to maintain the sign in the stowed configuration thereof as long as power is available wherein the fail-safe latch is configured to facilitate changing of the sign -23- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I from the stowed configuration to the deployed configuration when a power failure or other emergency condition is detected.

53. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 52, further comprising a least one light 5 disposed upon the sign and configured so as to attract attention thereto.

54. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 52, wherein the light(s) comprise LED(s). 10

55. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 52, wherein the sign comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion being pivotally attached to the lower portion, and the fail-safe latch holding the lower such that the lower portion is pivoted upwardly toward the upper portion, wherein operation of the fail-safe latch allows the lower portion of the sign to pivot downwardly. 15

56. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 52, wherein the sign defines a stop sign.

57. A method for controlling traffic, the method comprising attracting attention to a 20 traffic sign using at least one LED, the LED(s) being formed upon the traffic sign and having a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella.

58. The method as recited in claim 57, wherein the LED(s) have a brightness of between approximately 6,000 millicandella and approximately 60,000 millicandella. 25

59. The method as recited in claim 57, wherein the traffic sign comprises a stop sign.

60. A retrofit enhanced visibility kit for a traffic control signal comprising: at least one LED; 30 a control circuit for effecting blinking of the LED; and wherein the LED(s) have a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella.

61. The enhanced visibility kit as recited in claim 60 further comprising a water resistant housing generally surrounding each LED and the control circuit. 35

62. The enhanced visibility kit as recited in claim 60 further comprising a rechargeable battery and control circuit in a water-resistant housing which is electrically connected to at least one LED in water-resistant housing(s) by ribbon cable and IDC connectors. -24- WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 1

63. The enhanced visibility kit as recited in claim 60 further comprising a solar panel configured to recharge a rechargeable battery.

64. A method for signaling traffic, the comprising: 5 mounting at least one LED having a radiation pattern with an angle less than approximately 20 degrees such that the LED is aimed toward oncoming motor vehicle traffic.

65. The method as recited in claim 64, wherein the LED(s) have a radiation pattern with an angle of less than approximately 10 degrees. 10

66. A method for assembling an LED enclosure for use in a traffic control signal, the method comprising: providing a 2-part housing for an LED; and attaching the two parts of the housing to one another such that insulation on electrical 15 conductors extending between the two mating sections is compressed, so as to inhibit water flow into the enclosure.

67. A method for providing a water-resistant enclosure for at least one LED for use in a traffic control signal, the method comprising: 20 providing a 2-part housing for at least one LED; and provision for replacing any of at least one LED by means of removing a ribbon cable from an IDC connector and replacing it with another IDC connector. 25 30 35 -25- WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 29 December 1999 (29.12.99); original claims 3-8, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 25, 27, 48-59 and 64-67 cancelled; original claims 1, 17, 20-24, 26, 29, 40-42 and 44-46 amended; new claims 68-106 added; all claims renumbered as claims 1-76 (9 pages)] 1. A traffic control signal comprising: a structure having traffic control indicia formed thereon; 5 at least one LED with an output intensity of at least 6,000 millicandella mounted on the structure, said at least one LED being removable from the structure without interrupting the operation of any remaining LED(s); a power source for providing direct current to the LED(s) mounted on the structure, wherein said power source includes a solar photovoltaic panel and a rechargeable battery; and 10 a blink cycle timer for causing the LED(s) to blink at a desired frequency of once every 0.2 to 5 seconds. 2. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) have a brightness of between approximately 6,000 millicandella and approximately 60,000 15 millicandella. 3. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a duty cycle of the LED(s) which is greater than approximately 20%. 20 4. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a duty cycle of the LED(s) which is between approximately 20% and approximately 50%. 25 5. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a variable duty cycle for the LED(s). 6. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprise a plurality of LED(S). 30 7. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein said battery is :a rechargeable nickel metal hydride battery. 8. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a battery charging 35 circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery by the solar panel. 9. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a battery charging circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery by the solar panel, the battery charging circuit - 26 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I being configured to inhibit discharging of the battery when ambient illumination is insufficient to effect charging of the battery by the solar panel and the battery charging circuit being configured to cease charging of the battery when ambient temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 5 10. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising: a battery charging circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery by the solar panel, the battery charging circuit comprising: a diode coupled to inhibit discharging of the battery when ambient illumination is 10 insufficient to effect charging of the battery by the solar panel; and a thermistor coupled to substantially cease charging of the battery when ambient temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 11. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit 15 coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s) by the battery when ambient light received by the solar panel drops below a predetermined threshold. 12. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control circuit coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s) by the battery when an output of the solar panel 20 drops below a predetermined threshold. 13. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising test circuitry for facilitating testing of at least one item selected from the group consisting of: the LED(s); 25 the battery; and the solar panel. 14. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising an external power port for coupling an external power source to the LED(s) to effect illumination thereof, 30 15. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a test port for coupling an external test apparatus to at least one item selected from the group consisting of: the LED(s); the battery: and 35 the solar panel. 16. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising an override control circuit for facilitating external control of the LED(s). - 27 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 1 17. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a timer for effecting illumination of the LED(s) during predetermined times. 18. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a real time 5 memory timer for effecting illumination of the LED(s) during predetermined times. 19. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a dusk to dawn timer for effecting illumination of the LED(s) at desired times. 10 20. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a theft transponder for transmitting a signal if the structure is moved. 21. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1. further comprising a multiple sign control circuit configured to facilitate control of LEDs on a plurality of traffic control signs. 15 22. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a multiple intersection control circuit configured to control traffic control signals at a plurality of intersections. 20 23. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprises plural LEDs of a single color. 24. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprises plural LEDs of a plurality of different colors. 25 25. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a circuit for effecting modification of at least one of a duty cycle and an on time of the LED(s) when an ambient temperature drops below a predetermined threshold value. 30 26. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1. further comprising a water resistant enclosure within which at least one LED is disposed. 27. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of water resistant enclosures, the number of water resistant enclosures corresponding generally to 35 the number of LEDs, within which each LED is disposed. 28. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of water resistant enclosures, the number of water resistant enclosures corresponding generally to - 28 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 1 the number of LEDs, within which each LED is disposed, wherein each water resistant enclosure comprises: a lower housing; an upper housing having a opening formed therein, the opening being configured to 5 receive an LED; a first o-ring disposed intermediate the lower housing and the upper housing so as to mitigate leakage of water into the enclosure between the lower housing and the upper housing; and a second o-ring disposed about the LED to mitigate leakage of water into the enclosure 10 between the upper housing and the LED. 29. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the LED(s) comprise at least one self-blinking LED. 15 30. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the structure comprises a traffic sign having a stowed configuration in which the sign is unreadable and a deployed configuration in which the sign is readable and further comprising a fail-safe latch configured to maintain the sign in the stowed configuration thereof as long as power is available wherein the fail-safe latch is configured to facilitate changing of the sign from the stowed configuration to 20 the deployed configuration when a power failure or other emergency condition is detected, wherein said LED(s) blink whenever the traffic sign is in the deployed configuration. 31. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the solar panel has an active surface and is configured so as to mitigate incidence of automobile headlights upon the active 25 surface. 32. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, wherein the solar panel has an active surface and is aimed approximately vertically so as to mitigate incidence of automobile headlights upon the active surface. 30 33. The traffic control signal as recited in claim 1, further comprising a sensor for sensing a presence of an approaching automobile and a control circuit configured to at least one of activate and control the blink rate of the LED(s) when an approaching automobile is sensed. 35 34. A retrofit enhanced visibility kit for a traffic control signal comprising: at least one LED; a control circuit for effecting blinking of the LED; and wherein the LED(s) have a brightness of at least 6,000 millicandella. - 29 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 1 35. The enhanced visibility kit as recited in claim 60 further comprising a water resistant housing generally surrounding each LED and the control circuit. 36. The enhanced visibility kit as recited in claim 60 further comprising a rechargeable 5 battery and control circuit in a water-resistant housing which is electrically connected to at least one LED in water-resistant housing(s) by ribbon cable and IDC connectors. 37. The enhanced visibility kit as recited in claim 60 further comprising a solar panel configured to recharge a rechargeable battery. 10 38. A method for enhancing the visibility of conventional traffic signs or structures by mounting one or more individual LED(s) thereupon such that the output light from each LED is aimed approximately towards oncoming motor vehicle traffic, wherein each of said individual LED(s): 15 can be removed from said traffic sign or structure without significantly interrupting the blinking operation of any LED(s) remaining thereupon; provides an output light intensity of 6,000 millicandella or more; is provided with appropriate direct current electrical power derived from sunlight by suitable solar photovoltaic panel, rechargeable battery and blink cycle timer circuit means; and 20 blinks once every 0.2 to 5.0 seconds as effectuated by the blink cycle timer. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein each of the LED(s) have a brightness of between approximately 6,000 millicandella and approximately 60,000 millicandella. 25 40. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a duty cycle of the LED(s) which is greater than approximately 20%. 41. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a control circuit 30 coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a duty cycle of the LED(s) which is between approximately 20% and approximately 50%. 42. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a control circuit coupled to the LED(s) so as to define a variable duty cycle for the LED(s). 35 43. The method of claim 38, comprising mounting a plurality of 8 LED(s) on said traffic signs or structure. - 30 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 44. The method of claim 38, wherein said battery is a nickel metal hydride battery. 45. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a battery charging circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery by the solar panel. 5 46. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a battery charging circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery by the solar panel, the battery charging circuit being configured to inhibit discharging of the battery when ambient illumination is insufficient to effect charging of the battery by the solar panel and the battery charging circuit being 10 configured to cease charging of the battery when ambient temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 47. The method of claim 38. further comprising the provision of a battery charging circuit coupled to regulate charging of the battery by the solar panel, the battery charging circuit 15 comprising: a diode coupled to inhibit discharging of the battery when ambient illumination is insufficient to effect charging of the battery by the solar panel; and a thermistor coupled to substantially cease charging of the battery when ambient temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 20 48. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a control circuit coupled to effect illumination ofthe LED(s) when ambient light received by the solar panel drops below a predetermined threshold. 25 49. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a control circuit coupled to effect illumination of the LED(s) when an output of the solar panel drops below a predetermined threshold. 50. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of test circuitry for 30 facilitating testing of individual LED(s) thereof. 51. The method ofclaim 38, further comprising the provision ofan external power port for coupling an external power source to the LED(s) to effect illumination thereof. 35 52. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of an override control circuit for facilitating external control of the LED(s). - 31 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) WO 00/03370 PCTIUS99/15946 1 53. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a timer for effecting illumination of the LED(s) during predetermined times, 54. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a real time memory 5 timer for effecting illumination of the LED(s) during predetermined times. 55. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision ofa theft transponder for transmitting a signal if the structure is moved. 10 56. The method ofclaim 38, further comprising the provision ofa multiple sign control circuit configured to facilitate control of LED(s) on a plurality of traffic control signs. 57. The method of claim 38. further comprising the provision ofamultiple intersection control circuit configured to control traffic control signals at a plurality of intersections. 15 58. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of plural LED(s) of a single color. 59. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of plural LED(s) of a 20 plurality of different colors. 60. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a circuit for effecting modification of at least one of a duty cycle and an on time of the LED(s) when an ambient temperature drops below a predetermined threshold value. 25 61. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a water resistant enclosure within which at least at least one LED are disposed. 62. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a plurality of water 30 resistant enclosures, the number of water resistant enclosures corresponding generally to the number of LEDs, within which the LED(s) are disposed. 63. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a plurality of water resistant enclosures, the number of water resistant enclosures corresponding generally to the 35 number of LED(s), within which the LED(s) are disposed, each water resistant enclosure comprising: a lower housing; - 32 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 I an upper housing having a opening formed therein, the opening being configured to receive an LED; a first o-ring disposed intermediate the lower housing and the upper housing so as to mitigate leakage of water into the enclosure between the lower housing and the upper housing; 5 and a second o-ring disposed about the LED to mitigate leakage of water into the enclosure between the upper housing and the LED. 64. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of at least one self 10 blinking LED. 65. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a structure which comprises a sign having a stowed configuration in which the sign is unreadable and a deployed configuration in which the sign is readable and further comprising a fail-safe latch configured to 15 maintain the sign in the stowed configuration thereof as long as power is available wherein the fail-safe latch is configured to facilitate changing of the sign from the stowed configuration to the deployed configuration when a power failure or other emergency condition is detected. 66. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a solar panel coupled 20 to facilitate illumination of the LED(s), wherein said solar panel has an active surface and is configured so as to mitigate incidence of automobile headlights upon the active surface. 67. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a solar panel coupled to facilitate illumination ofthe LED(s), wherein the solar panel has an active surface and is aimed 25 approximately vertically so as to mitigate incidence of automobile headlights upon the active surface.

68. The method of claim 38, further comprising the provision of a sensor for sensing a presence of an approaching automobile and a control circuit configured to at least one of 30 activate and control the blink rate of the LED(s) when an approaching automobile is sensed.

69. The method of claim 38, further comprising mounting one LED in a two-part enclosure, wherein one or more insulated electrical conductor wires necessary for activating said LED pass between the two parts of said enclosure which are compressed together when the 35 optionally-removable connection fasteners or screws are tightened.

70. The method of claim 38, wherein each of said individual LED(s) is caused to blink in unison. - 33 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) WO 00/03370 PCT/US99/15946 1

71. The method of claim 38, wherein said rechargeable battery is capable of operating at least eight (8) individual LED(s) at a duty cycle of 50% for a period of at least about 60 to 120 hours without being recharged. 5

72. A method for alerting motorists to a power outage or other emergency condition by deploying a traffic sign from a stowed configuration to a deployed configuration having one or more LED(s) thereupon which blink when said traffic sign is deployed, wherein each of said individual LED(s): can be removed from said traffic sign or structure without interrupting the blinking 10 operation of any other LED remaining thereupon; provides an output light intensity of 6,000 millicandella or more; is provided with appropriate direct current electrical power derived from a rechargeable battery and blink cycle timer circuit means; and continues to provide LED blinking as may be required for at least 120 hours without any 15 battery recharging.

73. The method of claim 72, further comprising mounting said deployable traffic sign on an electric powered traffic signal pole or structure, wherein deployment of said traffic sign is caused when loss of electric power to said traffic signal is detected. 20

74. The method of claim 72, wherein said deployable traffic sign comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion being pivotally attached to the lower portion so the lower portion pivots downwardly during deployment. 25

75. The method of claim 72, further comprising the provision of a solar photovoltaic panel to enable recharging the battery during deployed operation of said traffic sign.

76. The method of claim 72, further comprising mounting said deployable traffic sign on a temporary structure for use under emergency conditions such as at traffic accident sites or 30 for police or emergency services checkpoints or during repair of traffic signals and/or during highway construction or maintenance. 35 - 34 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)