AU4631600A

AU4631600A - Quaternary ammonium compounds for froth flotation of silicates from an iron ore

Info

Publication number: AU4631600A
Application number: AU46316/00A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Jan Olof Gustafsson; Anders Klingberg; Magnus Svensson
Original assignee: Akzo Nobel NV
Current assignee: Akzo Nobel NV
Priority date: 1999-04-20
Filing date: 2000-04-10
Publication date: 2000-11-02
Anticipated expiration: 2020-04-10
Also published as: NO20014978L; OA11860A; CN1347345A; AU763599B2; SE9901398D0; EA003556B1; CA2366948A1; BR0000157A; WO2000062937A1; US7311206B1; NO321799B1; SE9901398L; BR0000157B1; EG22704A; CN1130269C; UA71956C2; NO20014978D0; CA2366948C; EA200101099A1; SE514435C2

Description

WO 00/62937 PCT/SEOO/00678 Quaternary ammonium compounds for froth flotation of silicates from an iron ore The present invention relates to a froth flotation 5 process in which silicates are separated from an iron ore in the presence of a collector containing a quaternary ammonium compound having two aliphatic groups and/or acyl groups containing 6-14 carbon atoms. This collector has a high selectivity to concentrate silicates in the froth product, 10 while a high yield of iron minerals is maintained in the bottom concentrate or concentrates. Quaternary ammonium compounds are often utilised as collectors in froth flotation processes. Thus, it is described in WO 94/26419 to subject a calcite mineral to a 15 froth flotation process in the presence of a mixture con taining a quaternary compound and an alkylene oxide adduct of an alkylamine, as a collector component. WO 97/26995 describes the use of esterquats as flotation agent for nonsulphidic minerals. The quaternary ammonium compounds 20 contain acyl groups of 6-24 carbon atoms. In the working examples esterquats of not defined nature, dicocoalkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride or trimethyl tallow ammonium chloride are used as collectors for silicate-rich calcite ores with enhanced content of magnesium. US 3 960 715 relates 25 to a froth flotation process for separating siliceous gangue constituents from an iron ore performed in the presence of a cationic collector including quaternary amines, such as dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. The article "Cationic Flotation of Silica From 30 Magnetic Iron-Ore Concentrates": H.C. Hedberg, MAOCS, U7 (1970: 5, 177-179), compares the effect of different cationic collectors. The tests show that the quaternary ammonium compounds, trimethyl coco ammonium chloride, trimethyl lauryl ammonium chloride and trimethyl tallow ammonium chloride were 35 not as efficient as coco primary amine acetate used as a standard.

WO 00/62937 PCT/SEOO/00678 2 The US Patent 4 995 998 discloses the use of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers terminally blocked by hydrophobic radicals as co-collectors together with cationic or ampholytic surfactants in the flotation of non-sulfidic ores. 5 In Example 4, pure quartz sand is subjected to a froth flotation process in the presence of a lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Although these flotation processes have positive effects, there is a clear tendency that the enriched iron 10 mineral either contains a too high silicate level (often essentially over 1% by weight) or a too low iron yield. Therefore, the main objective of the present invention is to develop a more selective froth flotation process resulting in a high yield of iron at a low silicate content. Another 15 objective of the invention is to obtain the improved flotation at a low dosage of the collector. According to the present invention it has been found that these objectives can be achieved by carrying out a reversed froth flotation process at a pH of 7-11 of an 20 aqueous suspension of a silicate-containing iron ore in the presence of a depressing agent of the iron mineral and a quaternary ammonium compound having the formula RiRiN+R 3

R

4 1/z XZ- M, in which the groups R, independently are hydrocarbon groups, 25 preferably aliphatic groups containing 6-14 carbon atoms and/or the group R2-(OR7)m - OR 8 -, where the groups R 2 independently are acyl groups containing 6-14 carbon atoms, the groups R 7 independently are alkylene groups containing 2-4 carbon atoms, the groups R 8 independently are alkylene 30 groups containing 2-3 carbon atoms and m is a number from 0 5, R 3 and R 4 independently are alkyl groups containing 1-4 carbon atoms or groups (R 5 0)p, where the groups R 5 indepen dently are alkylene groups having 2-4 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1-4, X is an anionic group, and z is the charge 35 of the anion X, the amount of the quaternary ammonium compound being 10-500 milligram per kg iron ore.

WO 00/62937 PCT/SEOO/00678 3 Preferably the groups R, are straight aliphatic groups containing 6-10 carbon atoms or branched aliphatic groups containing 8-13 carbon atoms and the groups R 2 are straight acyl groups containing 6-10 carbon atoms or branched 5 acyl groups containing 8-13 carbon atoms. These quaternary ammonium compounds having two comparatively small aliphatic groups and/or acyl groups exhibit even at low dosages an unexpected high selectivity for silicates and leave an iron-containing concentrate of 10 high purity and a very low content of silicates. The quaternary ammonium compounds are preferably added in an amount of 15-200 milligram per kg iron ore, and most pre ferably in an amount of 15-100 milligram per kg iron ore. Since the froth product from the rougher flotation 15 may contain considerable amounts of iron minerals, the froth product may be subjected to one or more, for example from 1 to 5, additional froth flotation steps (cleaning steps) after adding water and if desired, a complementary addition of the quaternary ammonium compound, the depressing agent and/or 20 other flotation chemicals. Normally, it is not necessary to make any supplementary addition of the collector. The bottom concentrate from the rougher flotation and the bottom con centrates from the subsequent froth flotation steps of the froth products are suitably combined to a final concentrate 25 having high yield of iron and a very low content of silicates. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds are those, where the groups R 5 , R 7 and R 8 are the -C 2

H

4 - group and at least one of the groups R 3 and R 4 is an alkyl group, pre 30 ferably the methyl group. These compounds are easy to produce and have excellent properties. The groups R 1 are preferably n-octyl, n-decyl, 2-propylheptyl and/or methyl substituted alkyl groups having 9-13 carbon atoms. The groups R 2 are preferably 2-ethylhexanoyl, n-octanoyl, 2-propylheptanoyl and 35 methyl-substituted acyl groups containing 9-13 carbon atoms. The anionic group X is suitably a halogenide, such as chloride; an alkyl sulphate, such as methyl sulphate; WO 00/62937 PCT/SE00/00678 4 hydrogen sulphate; or a carboxylate, such as acetate. The quaternary ammonium compounds used in the flotation process are well known and there exists a comprehensive literature disclosing the methods of their preparation. 5 In the flotation process according to the invention, the iron ore can be ground together with water to the desired particle size. As a rule, at least 50% by weight of the ground ore has a particle size between 5 and 200 ym. The ground ore is then suspended in water, and fine material is 10 deslimed in conventional manner, for instance, by screening, settling or cycloning. Thereafter, an aqueous water slurry (pulp) is prepared from the deslimed ore and a depressing agent for the iron ore is normally added. The depressing agent could be a hydrophilic polysaccharide, e.g. starch, 15 such as corn starch activated by treatment with alkali and dextrin. Other examples of suitable hydrophilic poly saccharides are cellulose derivatives, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sulphomethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose; 20 hydrophilic gums, such as gum arabic, gum karaya, gum tragacanth and gum ghatti; alginates; and starch derivatives, such as carboxymethyl starch and phosphate starch. The depressing agent is normally added in an amount of about 10 to about 1000 g per tonne of ore. Besides, alkali is usually 25 added in an amount sufficient to obtain a pH of 7-11, pre ferably 9-11. After conditioning of the pulp, the quaternary ammonium compounds can be added and the mixture is further conditioned for a while before the froth flotation is carried out. If desired, froth-regulating means can be added on a 30 convenient occasion before the froth flotation. Examples of suitable froth-regulating additives are methyl isobutyl carbinol and alcohols having 6-12 carbon atoms which optionally are alkoxylated with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide. 35 The Examples below further illustrate the present invention.

WO 00/62937 PCT/SEOO/00678 5 Example 1 A hematite ore containing about 13.1% by weight of SiO 2 and about 85,9% by weight Fe 2

O

3 was ground to such a particle size that 45.4% by weight passed a screen having a 5 mesh opening of 32 Lm. Then the ore was suspended in water and deslimed by a hydrocyclone, and an aqueous pulp of the deslimed ore was prepared with a dry content of 60%. After addition of 500 mg of starch treated with alkali per kg ore the pulp was conditioned for 5 minutes. The concentration of 10 ore in the pulp was then reduced by addition of water to 40%, the pH-value of the pulp adjusted to 10.5 and a collector added in the amounts stated in table 2. The whole mixture was then conditioned for 60 seconds followed by rougher flota tion, whereby a silicate-rich froth product and an iron-rich 15 bottom concentrate were obtained. The froth product was cleaned by means of a second flotation step (cleaning step) without any additions of collectors or other additives and the bottom concentrate from the cleaning step was added to the bottom concentrate from the rougher flotation. This 20 cleaning process was repeated one or three times and the bottom concentrate from the rougher flotation and the bottom concentrates from the different cleaning steps were combined. The bottom concentrate from the rougher flotation and the different combined bottom concentrates were analysed with 25 respect to the yield of iron (Fe 2

O

3 ) and the content of silicate (SiO 2 ). The results are shown in table 2 below. Table I Collectors Designation Symbol Structure A C 8 -Cio-alkyl-O-C3H 6

NH

2 B Coco fatty alkyl (CH 3

)

3 N+ Cl~ 1 (n-octyl)2 (CH 3

)

2 N+ Cl~ 2 (2-ethylhexyl-OC2H4)2

(CH

3

)

2 N+ Cl~ 3 20% (n-octyl)2 (CH 3

)

2 N+ Cl~ 80% (n-decyl) 2

(CH

3 ) 2 N+ Cl~ WO 00/62937 PCT/SE0O/00678 6 Table 2 Flotation results Coll Add. Sym- mg/kg Bottom concentrates bol ore Yield Fe 2

O

3 , % Content SiO 2 , % A 30 90.8 98.0 99.7 - - 0.79 2,02 4,85 - B 60 69.0 81.1 87.6 - - 1.11 2.65 4.85 - 1 20 81.4 91.3 94.2 96.7 98.2 0.59 0.68 0.77 0.88 1.12 1 25 75.0 87.9 92.8 95.3 97.3 0.49 0.53 0.55 0.59 0.69 2 30 78.4 89.5 93.9 96.0 97.7 0.59 0.62 0.66 0.71 0.82 3 45 79.4 90.6 94.9 - - 0.54 0.66 0.80 - From the results it is evident that the collectors according 5 to the invention have a strong affinity and high selectivity for silicates. By repeated cleaning of the froth product it is also possible to obtain a combination of the bottom concentrates with an excellent yield of Fe 2 0 3 and a very low content of SiO 2 in comparison with the prior art. 10 Furthermore, the amounts of the collectors needed to perform the froth flotation process are astonishingly low. Example 2 An hematite ore containing 24.1% by weight of SiO 2 and about 73.6% by weight Fe 2 0 3 was ground to such a 15 particle size that 27.2% by weight passed a screen having a mesh opening of 32 gm. An aqueous suspension of the material ground was then prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The iron ore suspensions were subjected to rougher flota tions, which were followed by one or more cleaning steps of 20 the froth products. In the cleaning processes no supple mentary addition of flotation chemicals was made. The bottom concentrate from the rougher flotation and the different combined bottom concentrates were analysed with respect to the total yield of iron (Fe 2 0 3 ) and the content of silicate 25 (SiO 2 ). The results obtained are shown in Table 4 below.

WO 00/62937 PCT/SEOO/00678 7 Table 3 Collectors Symbol Structure A See Example 1 B See Example 1 C Tallow fatty alkyl (CH 3 ) 3 N+ Cl~ 1 See Example 1 2 See Example 1 3 n-C 10

H

2 1 . CH 3 Cl N+ l n-C 8

H

1 7

CH

3 4 (methyl branched C 1 1 -alkyl) 2

(CH

3

)

2 N+ Cl~ 5 (methyl branched C 1 2

-C

1 3 -alkyl) 2

(CH

3

)

2 N+ Cl~ 6 (coco fatty alkyl) 2

(CH

2

)

2 N+ Cl~ Table 4 Flotation results Coll Add. Sym- mg/kg Bottom concentrates bol ore Yield Fe 2 0 3 , % Content SiO 2 , % A 100 86.3 96.3 98.8 - - 1.2 2.3 4.1 - B 200 77.7 91.1 - - - 24.1 24.8 - - C 200 74.7 89.0 - - - 1.2 1.3 - - C 100 82.1 94.4 - - - 8.2 10.2 - - 1 45 84.4 93.6 96.4 97.7 98.4 0.91 1.01 1.12 1.23 1.4 1 60 81.5 91.4 94.9 - - 0.88 0.96 1.06 - 2 45 86.8 94.8 97.3 - - 0.98 1.08 1.18 - 2 60 83.1 92.2 95.3 - - 0.87 0.97 1.07 - 3 60 86.1 94.8 - - - 0.97 1.2 - 4 60 89.3 96.8 - - - 1.02 1.4 - - 5 100 92.7 98.6 - - - 0.85 1.3 - - 6 150 92.4 98.5 - - - 0.98 1.5 - - 5 The flotation results are similar to the results in Example 1. The collectors according to the invention have a strong affinity and selectivity for silicates already at a low dosage, especially the collectors having short chain ali phatic or acyl groups.

Claims

1. A process for enriching an iron mineral from a silicate-rich iron ore by performing a reversed froth flotation of an aqueous suspension of the iron ore at a pH of 5 7-11 in the presence of a collector containing a quaternary ammonium compound and a depressing agent for the iron mineral, characterized in that the collector is a quaternary ammonium compound having the formula RiRiN+R 3 R 4 1/z Xz- (I) 10 in which the groups R, independently are hydrocarbon groups, preferably aliphatic groups containing 6-14 carbon atoms and/or the group R2-(OR7)m - OR 8 -, where the groups R 2 independently are acyl groups containing 6-14 carbon atoms, the groups R 7 independently are alkylene groups containing 15 2-4 carbon atoms, the groups R 8 independently are alkylene groups containing 2-3 carbon atoms and m is a number from 0 5, R 3 and R 4 independently are alkyl groups containing 1-4 carbon atoms or groups (R50)p, where the groups R 5 indepen dently are alkylene groups having 2-4 carbon atoms and p is a 20 number from 1-4, X is an anionic group, and z is the charge of the anion X, the amount of the quaternary ammonium com pounds being 10-500 milligram per kg iron ore.

2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the groups R, independently are straight, aliphatic groups 25 containing 6-10 carbon atoms or branched aliphatic groups containing 8-13 carbon atoms or the group R2-(OR7)m - OR8-, where R 7 , R 8 and m have the meaning mentioned in claim 1 and the groups R 2 independently are straight, acyl groups con taining 6-10 carbon atoms or branched acyl groups containing 30 8-13 carbon atoms.

3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that R 5 , R 7 and R 8 are the group -C 2 H 4 - and at least one of the groups R 3 and R 4 is an alkyl group.

4. Process according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized 35 in that the quaternary ammonium compound is present in an amount of 15-200 milligram per kilo iron ore. WO 00/62937 PCT/SEOO/00678 9

5. Process according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the groups Ri independently are n octyl, n-decyl, 2-propylheptyl and methyl-substituted alkyl groups containing 9-13 carbon atoms. 5

6. Process according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the groups R 2 independently are 2 ethylhexanoyl, n-octanoyl, 2-propylheptanoyl and methyl substituted acyl groups containing 9-13 carbon atoms.

7. Process according to any one of claims 1-6, 10 charazterized in that a hydrophilic polysaccharide is added to the aqueous suspension as a depressing agent for the iron mineral before the addition of the quaternary ammonium compound.

8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that 15 the froth product obtained from the flotation of the aqueous suspension of the iron ore is subjected to at least one additional froth flotation process.

9. Use of a quaternary ammonium compound as defined in claims 1-6 as collector for enriching an iron mineral from a 20 silicate-rich iron ore by a reversed froth flotation process.