AU2413692A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing coextruded products - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for manufacturing coextruded productsInfo
- Publication number
- AU2413692A AU2413692A AU24136/92A AU2413692A AU2413692A AU 2413692 A AU2413692 A AU 2413692A AU 24136/92 A AU24136/92 A AU 24136/92A AU 2413692 A AU2413692 A AU 2413692A AU 2413692 A AU2413692 A AU 2413692A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- nozzles
- feeding means
- annular
- manufacturing
- central
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzo-18-crown-6 Chemical compound O1CCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C2OCCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C21 YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015243 ice cream Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013550 pizza Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000056139 Brassica cretica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003351 Brassica cretica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003343 Brassica rupestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012813 breadcrumbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013572 fruit purees Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008960 ketchup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/20—Extruding
- A23P30/25—Co-extrusion of different foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21C—MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
- A21C11/00—Other machines for forming the dough into its final shape before cooking or baking
- A21C11/16—Extruding machines
- A21C11/163—Applying co-extrusion, i.e. extruding two or more plastic substances simultaneously, e.g. for making filled dough products; Making products from two or more different substances supplied to the extruder
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21C—MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
- A21C3/00—Machines or apparatus for shaping batches of dough before subdivision
- A21C3/08—Machines for twisting strips of dough, e.g. for making pretzels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/19—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their edges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/20—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers one of the layers being a strip, e.g. a partially embedded strip
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/304—Extrusion nozzles or dies specially adapted for bringing together components, e.g. melts within the die
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
- B29C48/33—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles with parts rotatable relative to each other
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
Abstract
PCT No. PCT/GB92/01496 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 17, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 17, 1994 PCT Filed Aug. 13, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/03909 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 4, 1993.A method for manufacturing coextruded products by coextruding continuous strands of one extrudable material and enveloping sheaths and twisting these sheathed strands about each other for at least part of a full revolution. An apparatus for manufacturing such products comprises a multiplicity of nozzles each having a central bore with feeding means and an annular opening surrounding this bore having separte feeding means, which nozzles are arranged for mutual movement comprising at least part of a rotation.
Description
Method and apparatus for manufacturing coextruded products
Co-extrusion is a widely applied method for manufacturing compound products in various areas of industry, e.g. in plastics industry and food industry. Examples of products made thereby in the latter industry being ice cream logs having layers of different flavours and dough products enclosing a filling of fruit puree or minced meat.
Although this technique provides for a wide variety of shapes and product combinations there is still a need for further variation of shapes for improved attractiveness of the products.
To comply with this requirement the present invention provides a method for manufacturing co-extruded products, comprising extruding a continuous strand of one extrudable material and simultaneously an enveloping sheath of a second different extrudable material wherein at least a second sheathed strand is extruded while twisting these strands about each other for at least part of a full revolution.
In a preferred embodiment the extrusion is effected through nozzles arranged on a common supporting structure.
The invention also relates to an apparatus for executing this method, comprising a multiplicity of nozzles each having a central bore having a feeding means and an annular opening surrounding said bore having separate feeding means, these nozzles being arranged for effecting a mutual movement which comprises at least part of a rotation about each other.
In a preferred embodiment these nozzles are arranged on a common structure, which is mounted for rotation about an axis.
In a very convement embodiment for construction reasons
the common structure forms a turret which is rotationally mounted on a common housing, comprising at least one annular chamber having feeding means, concentrically arranged about a central chamber having separate feeding means, the annular, chamber constantly communicating with the annular openings of the nozzles and the central chamber with the central bores thereof.
Using the above method and apparatus products can be produced which up till now could be made by hand only.
The invention will be explained in a non-restrictive manner in the following description of some preferred embodiments, reference being had to the drawings wherein
is an axial sectional view of an extrusion apparatus according to the invention, is a cross sectional view along the line II-II in fig. 1, is a cross sectional view along the line III-III in fig. 1 and
is a cross sectional view similar to fig. 2 of an alternative embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
The extrusion apparatus of the invention as shown in figures 1 to 3 comprises a cylindrical housing 1, having an annular chamber 2 with a feeding conduit 3 and a central chamber 4, extending along the axis of the cylindrical housing, having a feeding conduit 5.
The annular chamber 2 is closed at one axial end and is supporting a turret 6 which is mounted for rotation at the other axial end. For convenience of manufacture and maintenance the turret 6 comprises several component parts: an annular head 7, tightly fitting about the housing, but being rotationally movable thereto, a number of clamps 8 bolted to the head and enclosing an annular outer ridge 9 and a plug portion 10 united to the annular head 7 by means of a circular front plate 11.
Suitable seals (not shown, but known as such) are provided between the housing 1 and the turret 6 and the parts thereof to prevent unintended flowing out of material from the chambers 2 and 4 but to allow mutual rotational movement between the turret 6 and the housing 1.
As best may be seen from fig. 2 the turret 6 is provided with three nozzles 12 at a uniform pitch, each having a central opening 13 communicating with the central chamber 4 through a pipe 14 supported in the plug portion 10 and an annular opening 15 communicating with the annular chamber 2 through suitable bores in the plug portion. An additional central nozzle 16 is arranged between the nozzles 12 on the axis of the turret. A feed pipe 17 is arranged along the axis of the turret and sealed thereto allowing rotational mutual movement.
The cross sectional view of fig. 3 shows a toothed crown 18 for driving the turret 6.
In fig. 4 an alternative embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention is shown, the difference lying in the design of the nozzles in the turret.
In this embodiment the turret 19 is provided with two nozzles similar to the ones as shown in figs. 1 to 3 each having a central opening 20 and an annular opening 21.
The apparatus is used as follows:
One type of extrudable material is fed through the conduit 3 into the annular chamber 2 and from there through the annular openings 15, 21 in the turret 6 which is driven for rotation by a suitable motor means (not shown) camming with the toothed crown 18.
A second extrudable material is fed through the feeding conduit 5 into the central chamber 4 and subsequently through the central bores 13, 20 of the nozzles.
Co-extruded strands comprising a core of the second material and an enveloping sheathing of the first material are obtained, which due to the movement of the turret are twisted about each other. If desired a third extrudable material can be extruded through the feed pipe 17 and out of the central nozzle 16 as shown in the embodiment of fig. 1 to 3.
Suitable combinations of materials being: first mat'l second mat' 1 third mat'l
I biscuit mix ice cream
II brioche dough sausage meat mustard
III " " tomato ketchup cheese pickles pizza sauce apple sauce apple sauce pizza sauce flaked tuna cheese + garlic sauce apple sauce
baked bean puree
The extruded products were chopped in suitable lengths, for instance 8 cm for bar products or 4 cm for one-bite products. Products X to XII were coated in breadcrumbs after extrusion and cutting.
Compositions of the above ingredients were as follows: (percentage are by weight)
The other ingredients were ready retail products.
Claims (5)
1. A method for manufacturing co-extruded products, comprising extruding a continuous strand of one extrudable material and simultaneously an enveloping sheath of a second different extrudable material wherein at least a second sheathed strand is extruded while twisting these strands about each other for at least part of a full revolution.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extrusion is effected through nozzles arranged on a common supporting structure.
3. An apparatus for manufacturing co-extruded products comprising a multiplicity of nozzles each having a central bore having a feeding means and an annular opening surrounding said bore having separte feeding means, these nozzles being arranged for effecting a mutual movement which comprises at least part of a rotation about each other.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the nozzles are arranged on a common structure, which is mounted for rotation about an axis.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the common structure forms a turret which is rotationally mounted on a common housing, comprising at least one annular chamber having feeding means, concentrically arranged about a central chamber having separate feeding means, the annular chamber constantly communicating with the annular openings of the nozzles and the central chamber with the central bores thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91307538 | 1991-08-15 | ||
| EP91307538 | 1991-08-15 | ||
| PCT/GB1992/001496 WO1993003909A1 (en) | 1991-08-15 | 1992-08-13 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing coextruded products |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2413692A true AU2413692A (en) | 1993-03-16 |
| AU666665B2 AU666665B2 (en) | 1996-02-22 |
Family
ID=8208375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU24136/92A Expired AU666665B2 (en) | 1991-08-15 | 1992-08-13 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing coextruded products |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5492706A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0598796B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE146118T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU666665B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2115666C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69215878T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2094925T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993003909A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA926140B (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2157967T3 (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 2001-09-01 | Nestle Sa | EXTRUSION TERRACE. |
| US5695805A (en) * | 1995-05-30 | 1997-12-09 | General Mills, Inc. | Multistrand twist cereal pieces |
| GB2307165A (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-05-21 | Nestle Sa | Composite confectionery product |
| GB9709460D0 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1997-07-02 | Matthews Bernard Plc | Apparatus for extruding plastic food substrates |
| US6117477A (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 2000-09-12 | Kal Kan Foods, Inc. | Multicomponent food product and methods of making and using the same |
| ATE268118T1 (en) * | 1999-03-17 | 2004-06-15 | Barilla Alimentare Spa | METHOD FOR PRODUCING COOKIES IN MAINLY BRAIDED SHAPE |
| US6450796B1 (en) * | 1999-07-13 | 2002-09-17 | Reading Bakery Systems | Rotating nozzle die machine for dough extrusion |
| DE19936815C2 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2002-12-12 | Hosokawa Bepex Gmbh | Nozzle arrangement, nozzle carrier and device for extruding doughy masses |
| DE19936829C2 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2003-02-27 | Hosokawa Bepex Gmbh | Nozzle arrangement, nozzle carrier and device for extruding doughy masses |
| US7134861B2 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2006-11-14 | Barber Foods | Extrusion nozzle |
| US6383535B1 (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2002-05-07 | Bestfoods | Extruded potato casing and method of making |
| US6626660B1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2003-09-30 | Baptista's Bakery, Inc. | Apparatus for production of twisted baked goods |
| US6584251B1 (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2003-06-24 | Alcatel | Solid stranding flextube unit |
| WO2003013255A1 (en) * | 2001-08-04 | 2003-02-20 | Apv Systems Limited | Extrusion apparatus |
| US6910277B2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2005-06-28 | Proulx Manufacturing, Inc. | Noise attenuating flexible cutting line for use in rotary vegetation trimmers and method of manufacture |
| US6964562B2 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2005-11-15 | Kerry, Inc. | Extruder die and cutter assembly for extruding filled food pieces |
| WO2004004486A1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Unilever N.V. | Pasta compostions |
| US7264836B2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2007-09-04 | Kraft Foods Holdings, Inc. | Production of triple coextruded baked bar goods |
| EP1649085A2 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2006-04-26 | Polymer Group, Inc. | An in-line process and apparatus for making plaited synthetic twine technical field |
| WO2005027649A2 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-03-31 | Kellogg Company | Multi-piece food product and method for making the same |
| KR100701463B1 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2007-03-29 | 유한회사 에스지엔지니어링 | Screw rolling machine |
| US8177542B2 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2012-05-15 | Reading Bakery Systems | Rotating nozzle die machine for extrusion of two or more types of dough |
| US7883735B2 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2011-02-08 | Kellogg Company | Apparatus and method for curled extrudate |
| US9247752B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2016-02-02 | Kellogg Company | Apparatus and method for curled extrudate |
| WO2009137562A2 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Kerry, Inc. | Extrusion die with extrusion port having a shaped extrusion outlet |
| US8945643B2 (en) * | 2008-08-21 | 2015-02-03 | The Hillshire Brands, Company | System and method for forming a multi-layer extruded food product |
| DE102008060171A1 (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-02 | Velisco Geflügel GmbH & Co. KG | Ready to grill meat product |
| ES2621106T3 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2017-07-03 | Kellogg Company | Procedure to produce a stuffed snack product |
| AU2015230717B2 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2017-05-11 | Kellanova | Filled snack product with spaced filling lines and method of making the same |
| WO2012044940A2 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | Sara Lee Corporation | Systems and methods for providing a food product with additives |
| US20140134300A1 (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2014-05-15 | Allan Sidney Bramley | Frozen confection with gel coating |
| US8701938B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2014-04-22 | Michael Eric Darian | Applicator for extruding a semi-solid flowable material |
| US9380804B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2016-07-05 | The Hillshire Brands Company | Systems and methods for food product extrusion |
| CN108338393B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2021-01-12 | 济南达润机械有限公司 | A double-colored mechanism of twisting flower for food processing |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1788689A (en) * | 1930-05-28 | 1931-01-13 | Penza Frederick | Method and apparatus for making macaroni |
| US2856868A (en) * | 1956-09-14 | 1958-10-21 | Kenneth K Kennedy | Method and apparatus for kneading and twisting bread dough |
| GB1349843A (en) * | 1970-04-16 | 1974-04-10 | Creators Ltd | Plastics tubes |
| US4288463A (en) * | 1979-01-25 | 1981-09-08 | Groff Edwin I | Method of making pretzels of selected spiral pitch |
| IE51528B1 (en) * | 1980-07-11 | 1987-01-07 | Unilever Plc | Process and apparatus for forming ice confection products,and products formed thereby |
| GB8715409D0 (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1987-08-05 | Matthews Bernard Plc | Food product |
| US4859165A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1989-08-22 | Yugenkaisha Matsubei | Extruder for food |
-
1992
- 1992-08-13 AU AU24136/92A patent/AU666665B2/en not_active Expired
- 1992-08-13 CA CA002115666A patent/CA2115666C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-13 EP EP92917224A patent/EP0598796B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-13 US US08/193,183 patent/US5492706A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-13 WO PCT/GB1992/001496 patent/WO1993003909A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-08-13 DE DE69215878T patent/DE69215878T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-13 AT AT92917224T patent/ATE146118T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-08-13 ES ES92917224T patent/ES2094925T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-14 ZA ZA926140A patent/ZA926140B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69215878T2 (en) | 1997-04-10 |
| WO1993003909A1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
| ES2094925T3 (en) | 1997-02-01 |
| US5492706A (en) | 1996-02-20 |
| DE69215878D1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| CA2115666A1 (en) | 1993-03-04 |
| ATE146118T1 (en) | 1996-12-15 |
| EP0598796A1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
| CA2115666C (en) | 2002-02-26 |
| EP0598796B1 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
| ZA926140B (en) | 1994-02-14 |
| AU666665B2 (en) | 1996-02-22 |
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