AU2023203653A1

AU2023203653A1 - Rail Clamp

Info

Publication number: AU2023203653A1
Application number: AU2023203653A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Lawrence O'toole
Original assignee: Infrabuild Wire Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Infrabuild Wire Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-22
Filing date: 2023-06-12
Publication date: 2024-01-18

Abstract

A clamp is disclosed for releasable clamping to a rail. The rail can be a horse rail that is used in a fence such as a horse rail-type fence. The clamp comprises a body that is configured to have the rail clamped thereagainst. The body is further 5 configured such that, in use, a tensioning apparatus can be connected to the body to enable a tensioning force to be applied to the body and thereby to a rail clamped against the body. The claim also comprises a retaining element that is configured to be releasably secured with respect to the body to clamp the rail against the body. 10 0 o ~ (N00 y-40 C 00 00 00 r-q ) 00 - _ 0(.0 -q 00

Description

o ~ (N00 C00 y-40 00 00

r-q )

- _

0(.0

-q

RAIL CLAMP TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to a clamp for a rail-type fence. The clamp can find particular, though not exclusive, application with horse rail-type fences. The clamp can allow for tensioning of a rail in the fence. Also disclosed is a system comprising two or more such clamps.

BACKGROUND ART

In the past, horse rail-type fences were fabricated from timber rails and wooden posts. More recently, horse rail-type fences have been constructed wherein at least the rails are constructed from a plastics material. The plastic rails are typically elongate and can be reinforced with up to three longitudinal metal (e.g., steel) wires embedded within the rail, the wires extending for a length thereof. For example, US 2005/0035341A1 and US 2006/0255327A1 each disclose horse rail type fences wherein at least the rails are constructed from a plastics material.

Mechanisms for tensioning such rails during construction and maintenance of such fences include ratchet-type systems, which connect to the rails and remain integrated with the fence after tensioning. In another system, the plastics material at the end of the rails is cut away to expose the longitudinal metal wires, and these wires may then be gripped by wire tensioning apparatus and then tied off to suitable fence posts that form a part of the fence. Such existing systems are generally cumbersome to use and require additional steps above and beyond merely tensioning the rails.

It is to be understood that, if any prior art is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the prior art forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country. Such reference is also not intended to limit the application of the clamp as disclosed herein.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Disclosed herein is a clamp for releasable clamping to a rail. The rail can be used in and form part of a fence such as a rail-type fence (e.g., a horse rail-type fence). The clamp can enable the rail to be tensioned during its mounting to one or more respective fence posts that form a part of the fence. Once the rail is tensioned and tied off/mounted to e.g., a suitable fence post, the clamp may be released and removed (e.g., for re-use). In this regard, the tension in the rail can thereafter be maintained by a separate mechanism that forms a permanent part of the fence (e.g. a rail-securing mechanism located at or near a strainer post of the fence).

The clamp can comprise a body that is configured to have the rail clamped thereagainst. The body can be further configured such that, in use, a tensioning apparatus can be connected to the body to enable a tensioning force to be applied to the body and thereby to a rail clamped against the body.

The clamp can further comprise a retaining element that is configured to be releasably secured with respect to the body to clamp the rail against the body.

As above, the clamp can be releasably secured to the rail. In other words, once a rail has been tensioned and then mounted to one or more respective fence posts, the retaining element can be released to in turn release the clamp from its securement to the rail. This means that the clamp does not have to stay in place in the fence. Further, the rail does not require any special preparation prior to the clamp being secured thereto. Once removed, the clamp can also be reused (e.g., many times over its working life) to tension further rails.

Herein, it should be understood that release of the retaining element from its securement with respect to the body does not imply a detachment or separation of the retaining element from the body. For example, and as described below, the retaining element may be released from its securement with, but still be connected (e.g. pivotally or hingedly) to, the body. Thus, the 'release' that is referred to is one that results in a release of the clamping force applied to the rail, which can in turn allow for the clamp to be released from the rail.

The clamp as disclosed herein may be configured for use with existing fence wire tensioning/straining apparatus. In other words, it can be configured for use with existing fencing hardware and does not require any special additional hardware for its use.

Retaining Element

In some embodiments, the retaining element of the clamp may comprise a plate. In some embodiments, the body of the clamp may comprise a plate section. Each of the plate and plate section may be generally rectangular. The sizes of the plate and plate section may generally correspond, although the plate may overhang the plate section at one or both ends thereof. The rail may be clamped in use between the plate of the retaining element and the plate section of the body. By using a plate and plate section for each of the retaining element and body, the clamping force can be spread over a greater area of the rail. This spreading of the clamping force can be such as to result in the rail less likely to be damaged or deformed by the clamp during use.

In some embodiments, a deformable lining material may optionally be provided at (e.g., to cover) clamping faces of each of the plate and plate section. Such a lining material may serve to further protect the rail to prevent its damage or deformation by the clamp during use. Such a lining material may comprise a strong/tough synthetic and/or polymeric material (e.g., a strong/tough rubber such as vulcanised rubber).

In some embodiments, the retaining element plate may have a length that is greater than a width of the rail. In some embodiments, the body plate section may have a width that is greater than a width of the rail. Thus, in use, a full width of the rail may be clamped by the retaining element plate against the body plate section. This can result in a better (e.g., a stronger, more even, etc.) clamping force being applied across the rail width in use. This can also result in a more even tensioning force being applied to the rail by a tensioning apparatus.

Retainer

Whilst the retaining element may itself be configured to releasably secure with respect to the body, in some embodiments, the clamp may further comprise a retainer. The retainer may comprise one or more separate (or separable) components of the clamp, however, it should be understood that the retainer may not need to be fully removed to enable the clamp to be released from the rail.

The retainer may be configured to urge the retaining element towards and to releasably secure it with respect to the body to thereby clamp the rail against the body in use. Thus, release of the retainer can release the retaining element from clamping the rail against the body in use. The retainer can thus work together with the retaining element to releasably clamp the rail against the body.

In some embodiments, the retainer may be further configured to engage with a part of the body in a manner that causes the retainer to then bear against the retaining element, such that it is able to clamp the rail to the body in use. In this regard, said part of the body may be specifically designed and/or configured to be suitable for the retainer. When the retainer is 'activated' it can interact with said part of the body in the manner that causes the retainer to bear against the retaining element. Some different retainer embodiments are set forth as follows:

Wedge-like Retainer

In some embodiments, the retainer may comprise a wedge (i.e., the retainer may be wedge-like). The wedge may be configured to be driven laterally and to engage said part of the body such that, as the wedge is laterally driven, it is caused to progressively bear against the retaining element to clamp the rail to the body in use. For example, the wedge may be driven laterally by a suitable tool (e.g., a hammer or mallet). Also, the wedge may be driven laterally in one direction into engagement with said part of the body, and may be driven laterally in an opposite direction out of engagement with said part of the body. The former movement can result in clamping, whereas the latter movement can result in a release of clamping. To prevent it from being lost, the wedge may be connected to the body by a suitable tether.

When the retainer comprises a wedge, said part of the body may comprise a single tab, or it may comprise spaced-apart tabs (e.g. two tabs). The body may comprise a single tab when the retaining element is pivotally/hinge-mounted to the body (as described below). The body may comprise spaced-apart tabs when the retaining element is separate from but able to be secured to the body in use (as also described below).

The tab(s) may be secured to project out from the body. For example, when the body of the clamp is of metal (e.g., steel), the tab(s) may each be welded to project out and away from e.g., the body plate section. This projecting away of the tab(s) enables them to then interact and cooperate with each of the retaining element and the wedge-like retainer.

For example, each tab may have a wedge-receiving aperture therethrough. Each such aperture may be shaped to generally correspond to a profile of the wedge. In use, the wedge may extend through the aperture(s) such that, as the wedge is driven laterally (i.e., in the one direction), it interacts with the tab(s) and is caused to progressively bear against the retaining element to urge it towards and secure it with respect to the body to thereby clamp the rail to the body in use. Laterally driving the wedge in the opposite direction then enables it to be released from the tabs, which can then allow for release of the clamping force.

In some embodiments, the wedge may be elongate. When the wedge is viewed in side elevation it may comprise a wider drive end and an opposing narrower insertion end. The drive end may be configured to be engaged (e.g. to be hammered) by the suitable tool when the wedge is driven in the one direction to engage with said part of the body. During disengagement with said part of the body (i.e., when the wedge is driven in the opposite direction), the insertion end may also be engaged (e.g., tapped out of engagement with the tab(s)) by the suitable tool.

The elongate wedge may also comprise a clamping face. This face may be planar and may extend between the drive and insertion ends along an elongate side of the wedge (e.g., for the length thereof). In use, the clamping face may bear against the retaining element (i.e., when the wedge is driven in the one direction). When the retaining element comprises a plate, the clamping face may locate (e.g., squarely) at and bear against the plate in use.

The elongate wedge may further comprise a sloping tab-engagement face. This face may also be planar and may extend along an opposite elongate side of the wedge (i.e., opposite to the clamping face). The tab-engagement face may extend from the insertion end but may terminate prior to (i.e., so as to be inset from) the drive end of the wedge. Such termination can help define the drive end of the wedge.

In use, the insertion end of the wedge may be configured to be inserted through the wedge-receiving aperture of each tab (i.e., either the one or the spaced-apart tabs). The drive end of the wedge may then be hammered by the suitable tool to cause the wedge to move into the tab aperture(s) in the one direction. Eventually, the sloping tab-engagement face of the wedge can come into engagement with respective inside face(s) of the tab aperture(s). With further driving in of the wedge, the sloping tab-engagement face moves across the inside face(s) of the tab aperture(s) to thereby cause the wedge clamping face to progressively bear against the retaining element to urge it towards and (to eventually) secure it with respect to the body. When a rail is positioned between the body and retaining element, this causes the rail to be clamped to the body.

Nut-like Retainer

In some embodiments, the retainer may instead comprise at least one nut. In this case, each nut may be configured to engage said part of the body such that, when the nut is rotated, it progressively bears against the retaining element to clamp the rail to the body in use.

When the retainer comprises a nut, said part of the body may comprise a single externally threaded shank, or it may comprise spaced apart externally threaded shanks (e.g., two shanks). The body may comprise a single shank when the retaining element is pivotally/hinge-mounted to the body (as described below). The body may comprise spaced-apart shanks when the retaining element is separate from but able to be secured to the body in use (as also described below).

The externally threaded shank(s) may be secured to project out from the body. For example, when the body of the clamp is of metal (e.g., steel), the shank(s) may each be welded to project out and away from e.g., the body plate section.

A respective nut may be provided for each shank. The nut can be internally threaded such that, in use, as each nut is rotated, it moves down the external thread of its respective shank to progressively bear against the retaining element and to urge it towards to (eventually) secure it with respect to the body. When a rail is positioned between the body and retaining element, this causes the rail to be clamped to the body.

In some embodiments, each nut may be a hex nut. In other embodiments, each nut may be a wing (butterfly) nut. The clamp may employ a combination of hex and wing nuts. An advantage of a wing (butterfly) nut is that it can be tightened and released by hand, whereas a hex nut typically requires a suitable tool to be tightened and released.

Also, when said part of the body comprises two spaced apart shanks, a nut may be released from one shank and loosened sufficiently at the other shank, so that the retaining element can be 'swung' out of the way of clamping, and to thereby enable the rail to be removed from the clamp. The nut that is released may comprise a wing nut, whereas the nut that is loosened may comprise a hex nut.

Bolt-like Retainer

In some embodiments, the retainer may instead comprise at least one bolt. In some instances, the bolt can be inverted (i.e. it can be used in either orientation bolthead-up or bolthead-down).

In one variation, each bolt may be used in combination with a nut (e.g. hex or wing nut). For example, an externally threaded shank of the bolt can pass through an aperture of the body, with a distal region of the shank being engaged and retained by the nut.

In this one variation, said part of the body with which the bolt engages (i.e., to cause it to then bear against the retaining element) can comprise the aperture and its surrounds, with the bolt (and/or the nut) engaging with this part of the body when it extends therethrough.

In this one variation, to clamp the rail to the body in use, each bolt and nut can be respectively tightened to either cause a head of the bolt to progressively bear against the retaining element, or (when inverted) to cause the nut to progressively bear against the retaining element. To release the retaining element from its clamping orientation, the nut and bolt are loosened (and separated as required).

When the bolt is inverted such that the nut bears against the retaining element, a head of the bolt can be configured (e.g., with a countersunk-type configuration) for close or flush mounting at an in-use underside of said part of the body.

In another variation, each bolt can be used on its own, in which case, an externally threaded shank of the bolt can 'threadably' engage with a suitable internally threaded aperture of the body (i.e. said part of the body to be engaged with can comprise the internally threaded aperture). An advantage of this other variation is that it obviates the need for a nut for each bolt.

In this other variation, to clamp the rail to the body in use, each bolt can be rotated in a first direction to cause a head of the bolt to progressively bear against the retaining element. To release the retaining element from clamping, each bolt can be rotated in a second opposite direction (and separated from the body as required).

In some embodiments, said part of the body with which the bolt interacts may comprise a single aperture or it may comprise spaced apart apertures (e.g., two apertures). As above, each aperture may be internally threaded or unthreaded.

The body may comprise a single aperture when the retaining element is pivotally/hinge-mounted to the body (as described below). The body may comprise spaced-apart apertures when the retaining element is separate from but able to be secured to the body in use (as also described below).

Retaining Element

In some embodiments, the retaining element can typically be configured to correspond with said part of the body to which the retaining element is to be releasably secured. For example, the retaining element may comprise therethrough a single corresponding aperture when it is e.g., hinged or pivotally mounted to the body (e.g., at one end thereof). Alternatively, the retaining element may comprise spaced apart (e.g., two) corresponding apertures when it is a separable component to the body. Each such corresponding aperture may be configured for receiving therethrough a respective one of the tab, threaded shank or bolt. Each such retaining element embodiment is set forth as follows.

Separable Retaining Element

As above, in some embodiments, the retaining element may be separable from the body. For example, as set forth above, the retaining element may comprise a separate plate. The plate may comprise the spaced apart (e.g., two) corresponding apertures therethrough. For example, the spaced apart corresponding apertures may be located adjacent to but inset from opposite ends of the plate. As above, each such corresponding aperture may be respectively configured for receiving therethrough one of the tab, threaded shank or bolt (i.e., each aperture may be shaped to generally match the profile of the tab, threaded shank or bolt).

In use, to release the clamping force, at least one of the retainers (e.g., wedge, nut or bolt) may be released and e.g., separated to then enable the clamp to be removed from a rail (e.g., to be slid off the end thereof after the rail has been tensioned and mounted to e.g., a fence post).

Hinged/Pivoting Retaining Element

As above, in other embodiments, one end of the retaining element may be hinge or pivotally-mounted to the body. This can enable the retaining element to pivot between an open (unclamped) position in which the retaining element is pivoted away from the body, and a closed position in which the retaining element is able to closely face the body for clamping of the rail thereto in use. When the retaining element is a plate, one end thereof can be connected via suitably configured hinge(s) to the body (e.g., to the body plate section), with the opposite end free to pivot.

In this other embodiment, an opposite end of the retaining element may comprise a corresponding aperture (e.g., a single aperture) that is configured for receiving therethrough a respective one of the tab, threaded shank or bolt as (or once) the retaining element pivots to the closed position. As above, the corresponding aperture may be shaped to generally match the profile of the tab, threaded shank or bolt.

In this other embodiment, once the tab or threaded shank has passed through the corresponding aperture it may be respectively engaged by the wedge or nut. However, when the retainer is a bolt, the bolt may be passed through the corresponding aperture once the retaining element has pivoted to (or close to) the closed position.

In use, the retaining element can be pivoted away from the body towards its open position to enable the clamp to receive the rail therein, against the body. Once the rail is suitably positioned, the retaining element can be pivoted towards its closed position, and the retainer can be secured and 'tightened" with respect to said part of the body to thereby clamp the rail against the body (i.e., to secure the clamp to the rail). Tensioning apparatus may then be connected to the body and the rail can be tensioned and then mounted e.g., to a fence post.

Clamp Body

As above, the body may be further configured to enable a tensioning apparatus to be connected thereto. In some embodiments, this further configuring of the body may comprise providing the body with at least one lobe that projects out and away from a main part of the body. Further, the tensioning apparatus may be connected to, and may in use apply tension to the body via, the at least one lobe.

In some embodiments, the main part of the body may comprise the body plate section. The at least one lobe may project out and away from the body plate section.

In some embodiments, the at least one lobe may comprise a connection portion for connection to the tensioning apparatus, and a joining portion for joining the connection portion to the main body portion. The connection portion may comprise a plate and may locate in a first plane that is offset from but generally parallel to a second plane of the main body portion (e.g., a second plane in which the body plate section lies). The joining portion may 'slope' in respect of the connection portion and the main body portion (i.e., it may slope up from one or slope down from the other).

In some embodiments, the connection portion of the at least one lobe may comprise an aperture therethrough to facilitate coupling of the tensioning apparatus to the body. This offsetting of the connection portion from the main body portion means that the tensioning apparatus can be used outside of a plane in which a clamped rail can lie in use (i.e., such that tensioning apparatus and rail do not interfere with each other during tensioning).

In some embodiments, the body may comprise either one lobe that projects out and away from the body main part (e.g., body plate section), or two lobes that project out and away from opposite sides of the body main part. Such a two-lobed body means that the clamp can be tensioned from either side, thereby providing greater versatility. As above, each lobe may comprise an aperture therethrough (e.g., through its connection portion) to facilitate coupling of the tensioning apparatus to the body.

Rail Clamping System

Also disclosed herein is a rail clamping system. The system can be used for clamping two or more rails in a fence, such as a horse rail-type fence. The system may be used for clamping and tensioning the two or more rails simultaneously. For example, the system may be used with a suitable (e.g., a pre-existing) multi wire tensioning apparatus (e.g., it may be used together with an elongate hinge type clamp for use in straining multiple wires). In another example, the system may be used together with a number pre-existing single-wire tensioning-type apparatus (e.g., two such single-wire tensioning-type apparatus can be connected to a connector member of the rail clamping system at discrete, spaced locations thereof).

The rail clamping system can comprise two or more clamps. Each clamp may be used to clamp to a respective rail (e.g., each clamp may be releasably clamped to its respective rail). By way of example, each clamp may be configured as set forth above.

The rail clamping system can also comprise a connector member. The connector member can be configured for connecting together the two or more clamps, such as at a given spacing of the rails in the fence.

Whilst the given spacing may be a set or standard rail spacing, the given spacing may also vary in different fences, such as in different types of horse rail-type fences. In this regard, in some embodiments of the system, the connector member may be configured to enable the two or more clamps to be connected together at a spacing that is able to be adjusted to correspond to the given (e.g., to variable) spacing of the rails in the fence.

In some embodiments of the system, the connector member may comprise an elongate channel (e.g., a C-type channel). Each of the two or more clamps may be slidable with respect to the channel. This can enable the clamp's position along a length of the channel to be adjusted (e.g., to correspond to the given rails spacing in the fence). Each of the two or more clamps may be releasably mounted to the channel. In this regard, a released clamp may also be used separately from the system. The elongate channel may be formed by joining together two elongate sections/profiles (e.g., two angle/L-type sections may be joined along their major flanges to form the elongate channel).

In some embodiments of the system, each of the two or more clamps may be slidable with respect to a respective elongate discrete slot extending in and through a wall of the channel. Opposing ends of the slot may be closed to delimit the extent of sliding of each clamp. The slot ends may each be closed with a short strip of plate, which plate strip may also serve to join together the two elongate sections/profiles. When the channel is of metal, the elongate sections/profiles and plate strips may be joined together by welding (i.e., to form the connector member).

In some embodiments of the system, each clamp may be releasably mounted to the channel by at least one fastener that extends through a respective slot for the clamp. Typically, two such fasteners are employed to releasably mount each clamp (e.g., in-use upper and lower fasteners). Once a given clamp has been located at a desired position along the channel, each fastener may be actuated to secure the body to the channel and thereby secure the clamp against sliding.

For example, each fastener may take the form of a bolt with an associated nut. A head of the bolt may locate at the body (e.g., at the body plate section). A shank of the bolt may extend through a suitably placed aperture in the clamp (e.g., each aperture may be located at an (in-use upper or lower) end of the body plate section). A nut may be connected to the shank from within the channel, with the nut engaging an inside surface of the channel when tightened, to retain the clamp body to the channel at a given location (e.g., a location that corresponds to the desired spacing of the clamps and thus the rails in the fence). It should be understood that the fastener (e.g., bolt with associated nut) can be inverted. For example, when tightened, the head of the bolt may engage an inside surface of the channel with the nut locating at and bearing against the body (e.g., against the body plate section).

Method of Using Clamp/System

Also disclosed herein is a method of using the clamp or system as set forth above. The method comprises releasing the or each retaining element from its respective body. Each retaining element may be released in one of the various ways as outlined above (i.e., such that the body is ready for the rail to be positioned thereat).

The method also comprises locating a respective rail at the (or at each) respective body. For example, when the body comprises a plate section, the rail may be positioned flat against this portion.

The method further comprises securing the retaining element with respect to its respective body such that it clamps its respective rail against the body. Typically, the retaining element is secured with respect to the body by a retainer, as outlined above (e.g., one of a wedge, nut or bolt, which can be configured and operated as outlined above).

In some embodiments of the method, once the rail has been clamped against the body, the tensioning apparatus may be connected to the body. The tensioning apparatus may then be activated to apply a tensioning force to the body and thereby to the rail clamped against the body. Typically, the clamp is used to apply tension to the rail such that the rail can be tensioned in a fence. The fence may comprise at least one post to which the tensioned rail is able to be secured in use.

In some embodiments of the method, once a sufficient tensioning force has been applied to the rail clamped against the body, the rail may be secured to the post. The tensioning apparatus may then be deactivated. Then, the clamp may be released from the rail.

Also disclosed herein is a rail-type fence in which one or more rails have been tensioned using: a clamp as set forth above; a system as set forth above; or a method as set forth above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1A is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a body forming part of a clamp according to the disclosure.

Fig. 1B is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a clamp according to the disclosure that comprises the body of Fig. 1A.

Figs. 2A to 2D respectively show components of the body of Fig. 1A, with Fig. 2A showing a larger tab, Fig. 2B showing a smaller tab, and Figs. 2C & 2D respectively showing plan and side views of main portion of the body.

Figs. 2E & 2F respectively show plan and side views of the body of Fig. 1A assembled from the components of Figs. 2A to 2D.

Fig. 3A is a plan view of an embodiment of a retaining element forming part of the clamp of Fig. IB; and Fig. 3B is a side view of an embodiment of a retainer forming part of the clamp of Fig. 1B.

Figs. 4A & 4B respectively show disassembled and assembled perspective views of a second clamp embodiment according to the disclosure.

Figs. 5A & 5B respectively show disassembled and assembled perspective views of a third clamp embodiment according to the disclosure.

Figs. 6A & 6B respectively show disassembled and assembled perspective views of a fourth clamp embodiment according to the disclosure.

Figs. 7A & 7B respectively show disassembled and assembled perspective views of a fifth clamp embodiment according to the disclosure.

Figs. 8A & 8B respectively show disassembled and assembled perspective views of a sixth clamp embodiment according to the disclosure.

Figs. 9 & 10 respectively show schematic disassembled and assembled perspective views of a seventh clamp embodiment according to the disclosure, with Figs. 9A to 9C and 10A to 10C respectively illustrating three alternatives for the schematic embodiment of Figs. 9 & 10.

Figs. 11A to 11C respectively show perspective, plan and side views of a second embodiment of a body forming part of a clamp according to the disclosure.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an eighth embodiment of a clamp according to the disclosure that comprises the body of Fig. 11.

Figs. 13A & 13B respectively show schematic plan and perspective views of a clamp according to Fig. 12 connected to a rail that is being tensioned in use.

Figs. 14A & 14B respectively show schematic plan and perspective views of a clamping system, that employs multiple clamps according to Fig. 12, each clamp connected to a respective rail that is being tensioned by the system in use.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

In the following detailed description, reference is made to accompanying drawings which form a part of the detailed description. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, depicted in the drawings and defined in the claims, are not intended to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilised and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein and illustrated in the drawings can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated in this disclosure.

Referring firstly to the embodiment of Fig. 1B, an assembled clamp is shown in the form of a rail clamp 10. The rail clamp 10 can be releasably clamped to a rail R to be used in and that forms part of a fence, such as a horse rail-type fence. The rail clamp 10 enables the rail R to be tensioned during its mounting to one or more respective fence posts P that form a part of the fence (see Fig. 13B). Once the rail R is tensioned and mounted (e.g., tied off/secured) to a suitable fence post, the rail clamp 10 is released and removed from the rail R. The rail clamp 10 can then be re-used (e.g., many times over). The tension in the rail R is thereafter maintained by a separate mechanism that forms a permanent part of the fence. For example, before the rail clamp 10 is released, a rail-securing mechanism that is located at or near a strainer post of the fence can be secured to the tensioned rail R to hold it in fastening relation to the strainer post (and thereby maintain the tension in the rail once the rail clamp is released/removed).

As explained below, the rail clamp 10 has been designed for use with polymer based rails, and so as not to damage or deform the rail during clamping and tensioning. The the rail clamp 10 is also configured for use with existing fence wire tensioning/straining apparatus. In other words, the rail clamp 10 can be used with existing fencing hardware and does not require any special additional hardware for its use.

The rail clamp 10 comprises a body in the form of a backing body 12. The assembled backing body 12 is shown in Fig. 1A. The backing body 12 comprises a plate section in the form of a backing plate 14 that is configured to have the rail R clamped thereagainst (e.g., the rail can pass transversely across and sit flat against the backing plate 14, the rail passing between the upstanding spaced-apart body tabs 18 & 20). The backing plate 14 has a generally rectangular configuration. The backing body 12 can be further configured such that, in use, a tensioning apparatus can be connected to the body to enable a tensioning force to be applied to the body and thereby to a rail clamped against the body.

Figs. 1A and 2A to 2F show the make up of the backing body 12 in more detail. It will be seen that opposite ends of the backing plate 14 comprise cut-outs 16 (Fig. 2C). Each cut out 16 is shaped to receive therein the end of a plate-like tab in the form of a first (longer) body tab 18 and a second (shorter) body tab 20. Each of the body tabs 18, 20 is provided with a respective discrete elongate slot 22, 24 therethrough (Figs. 2A & B), with the slots configured to receive therein/therethrough a suitable wedge-like retainer (as described below). Typically, the components of the rail clamp are of steel (e.g., mild steel) such that the ends of the body tabs 18, 20 can be welded into the cut-outs 16, and such that each body tab 18, 20 projects out perpendicularly from opposite respective ends of the backing plate 14.

As above, the backing body 12 is further configured to enable a tensioning apparatus to be connected thereto to tension a rail in the direction of e.g. arrow T (Fig. 13B). The tensioning apparatus can, for example, take the form of a wire strainer (e.g., a Wizard@ wire strainer manufactured by Waratah Fencing). In the embodiments of Figs. 1 to 10 the backing body 12 is provided with a lobe in the form of a triangular connection plate 26. The connection plate 26 projects out and away from one side of the backing plate 14.

However, in the embodiments of Figs. 11 to 14 a modified, 'double-ended' rail clamp 10' is shown. In rail clamp 10', a modified backing body 12' is provided with two lobes in the form of opposing triangular connection plates 26, 26' that project out and away from opposite sides of the backing plate 14. Such a two lobed rail clamp can be tensioned from either side, thereby providing greater versatility.

Typically, the tensioning apparatus is connected to the backing body 12, 12' via one of the connection plates 26 such that, in use of the clamp, the tensioning apparatus is able to apply tension to a rail R to which the rail clamp 10, 10' is connected. This application of tension is 'direct' - i.e., it is directly applied to and via the rail clamp 10. However, in the embodiment of Fig. 14 described below, which relates to a rail tensioning system, the application of tension is 'indirect' it is applied to multiple rail clamps 10 via an intermediate apparatus in the form of multi-clamp apparatus 100 (described below).

In both the one and two lobe rail clamps, each of the connection plates 26, 26' comprises a connection portion in the form of an offset plate 28. The offset plate 28 is provided with a connection aperture 30 which enables e.g., a hooking component of the wire strainer device to be coupled to the backing body 12. The offset plate 28 is joined to the backing plate 14 via a joining portion in the form of a sloping intermediate plate 32. This enables the offset plate 28 to locate in a first plane Pi that is offset from but generally parallel to a spaced second plane P2 in which the backing plate 14 lies. As best shown in Fig. 13A, this means that the tensioning apparatus can be connected to the rail clamp 10 out of alignment (i.e., so as not to interfere during rail tensioning) with the rail R.

Typically, the backing plate 14, the offset plate 28 and the intermediate plate 32 are formed (e.g., bent, forged, etc.) from a single metal plate (i.e., for both the one lobe and two lobe rail clamps). Whilst the body tabs 18 & 20 could also be formed (e.g., bent, forged, etc.) from the same single metal plate, typically these are welded to the ends of the backing plate 14 to provide a clean right-angle with the backing plate 14. In some cases, such welding can also provide a stronger level of connection.

Referring now to Figs. 1B and 3A, the rail clamp 10 further comprises a retaining element in the form of a top plate 40. As explained in more detail below, the top plate 40 can be a separable component to the backing body 12 and can then comprise spaced apart (e.g., two) corresponding apertures. Alternatively, when the top plate 40" is connected (e.g., hinged or pivotally mounted to the backing body 12 at one end thereof) it can comprise a single corresponding aperture. Each such corresponding aperture can take various forms (e.g., slots 22 and 24 for the body tabs 18 & 20, or holes for threaded spigot(s) or bolt(s) as described below).

The top plate 40 is configured to be releasably secured with respect to the backing body 12 to clamp the rail R against the backing plate 14. The releasable configuration of the top plate 40 enables the rail clamp 10 to be released from its securement to the rail 10. In this regard, once the rail R has been tensioned and then mounted to one or more respective fence posts P, the top plate 40 can be released to in turn release the rail clamp 10 from its securement to the rail R. As above, this means that the rail clamp 10 does not form a part of the fence, nor does the rail R require any special preparation prior to securing the rail clamp 10 thereto. The rail clamp 10 is thus designed and constructed to be removed and reused many times over its working life, in the tensioning of further rails.

It should be understood that 'release' of the top plate 40 does not imply a detachment or separation of the top plate from the backing body 12. For example, as described below in relation to a modified rail clamp 10" of Figs. 9 and 10, a top plate 40" can be released but remain pivotally or hingedly connected to the backing body 12. Herein, the 'release' that is referred to is one that results in a release of the clamping force applied to the rail R, which in turn allows for the rail clamp 10 to be released from the rail.

Figs. 9 & 10 also show that the form of the retainer that is employed at an opposing non-hinged, free-to-pivot end of the rail clamp 10" can vary. In this regard, at this end of the rail clamp 10", a generic aperture A is shown in dotted outline in the top plate 40" and a generic projection P is shown in dotted outline in the backing plate 14. Three such examples for the retainer are then shown in each of the Figure pairs: 9A/10A, 9B/10B, 9C/10C.

In use, the top plate 40" of Figs. 9 and 10 can be pivoted away from the backing body 12 towards its open position to enable the rail clamp 10" to receive the rail R therein, against the backing plate 14. Once the rail R is suitably positioned, the top plate 40" can be pivoted towards its closed position and can be secured and 'tightened" with respect to the backing body 12" to thereby clamp the rail R against the backing plate 14 and secure the rail clamp 10 to the rail. As described in more detail below, such securing and 'tightening" is facilitated by a retainer which can take various forms. Once the rail clamp 10 has been clamped to the rail R, tensioning apparatus can be connected to the backing body 12 and the rail can then be tensioned and secured to e.g., a fence post.

The top plate 40 is typically configured to correspond with the backing plate 14. In this regard, like the backing plate 14, the top plate 40 has a generally rectangular configuration. Whilst the sizes of the backing plate 14 and top plate 40 generally correspond to each other (i.e., to provide for effective clamping of a rail R located therebetween), the top plate 40 slightly overhangs the backing plate 14 at each end thereof. the retaining element plate may have a length that is greater than a width of the rail. Like the backing plate 14, the top plate 40 has a width that is greater than a side-to-side width of the rail R, so that a full width of the rail is able to be clamped between the backing plate 14 and top plate 40. This results in a better (e.g., stronger, more evenly-applied) clamping force across the rail width in use, and also results in a more even tensioning force being applied to the rail by a tensioning apparatus.

The top plate 40 comprises elongate slots 42, 44 located at but inset from opposite ends of the plate. Each slot is configured to receive therethrough a respective body tab 18, 20 to locate the top plate 40 at the backing body 12 (i.e., to locate over the backing plate 14). The top plate 40 also comprises an outwardly facing bearing surface 46 against which a retainer is able to bear (as described below). As explained below, in a modified top plate 40' the slots 42, 44 can be replaced with circular holes, etc.

The top plate 40 is configured to clamp the rail R in use against the backing plate 14. The generally rectangular, plate-type configurations of the top plate 40 and backing plate 14 spreads the clamping force over a greater area of the rail R, resulting in the rail less likely to being damaged or deformed by the clamp during use.

In some applications, a deformable lining material can be provided to cover the clamping faces of each of the backing plate 14 and top plate 40 to further protect the rail R during use. Suitable lining materials include strong/tough but deformable synthetic and/or polymeric materials, such as a strong/tough rubber e.g. vulcanised rubber.

The top plate 40 could itself be configured to releasably secure with respect to the backing body 12. For example, the top plate 40 could incorporate a releasable latching-type mechanism that releasably latches onto the backing body 12. However, typically the rail clamp 10 further comprises a retainer. As explained below, the retainer can take a number of forms (i.e., wedge, nut, bolt, etc.). Further, the retainer can be a separate (or separable) component of the rail clamp 10. However, as explained below, it should be understood that the retainer need not be fully removed to enable the rail clamp 10 to be released from the rail R.

In each of its forms, the retainer is configured to urge the top plate 40 towards and to releasably secure it with respect to the backing body 12 to thereby clamp the rail R against the backing plate 14 in use. Conversely, release of the retainer releases the top plate 40 from such clamping. Thus, the retainer in its various forms works together with the top plate 40 to releasably clamp the rail R against the backing plate 14.

Typically, the retainer in its various forms engages with a part of the backing body 12. This part of the backing body 12 can then vary (i.e. it can be specifically designed and/or configured) to conform with the retainer. When the retainer is 'activated' it interacts with this part of the backing body 12 in a manner that causes the retainer to bear against the top plate 40 to cause the plate to clamp the rail R against the backing plate 14. Different retainer embodiments are set forth in each of the Figures: 1-3 & 11-12; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9A/10A; 9B/10B; 9C/10C.

Wedge-type Retainer

In the embodiments of Figs. 1-3, 9A/10A and 11-12, the retainer takes the form of a wedge 50. The wedge 50 is configured to be driven laterally by a suitable tool (e.g., a hammer or mallet). The wedge 50 is typically formed from a suitably hardened material (e.g., a suitably treated steel alloy). The wedge 50 can be driven in a clamping direction, or it can be driven in a reverse direction to release the rail clamp 10. The part of the body that the wedge engages with comprises the upstanding body tabs 18 and/or 20 (i.e., in the embodiment of Figs. 9A & 10A only the upstanding body tab 20 is provided, with upstanding body tab 18 being omitted, and with the opposite end of the top plate 40" being pivotally/hingedly mounted to the backing plate 14). To prevent the wedge 50 from being lost, it can be connected to the backing body 12 by a suitably long tether.

The wedge 50 is elongate and, when viewed in side elevation (Fig. 3B), it comprises a wider drive end 52 and an opposing narrower insertion end 54. The drive end 52 is squared off to be engaged (e.g., to be hammered) by the suitable tool during activation of the rail clamp 10 in a clamping direction (arrow C in Fig. IB). The insertion end 54 is suitably narrow to facilitate insertion of the wedge through the slots 22 and/or 24 of the body tabs 18, 20. To release the clamp, the wedge 50 is driven in the reverse direction (arrow R in Fig. 1B) - e.g., the insertion end 54 is tapped out of engagement with the body tab(s) 18, 20 by the suitable tool.

The wedge 50 comprises a clamping face in the form of a planar plate-engaging face 56 that extends along the full side length of the wedge between the drive and insertion ends 52, 54. In use, when the wedge 50 is driven in the clamping direction, the plate-engaging face 56 locates squarely at and bears against the outwardly facing bearing surface 46 of the top plate 40 (Fig. 1B).

The wedge 50 also comprises a sloping planar tab-engagement face 58. Face 58 extends along an opposite elongate side of the wedge (i.e., opposite to face 56). The tab-engagement face 58 extends from the insertion end 54 but may terminates prior to (i.e., so as to be inset from) the drive end 52. This provides a squared-off portion at the drive end of the wedge 50. The wedge 50 is shaped and configured to insert closely/snugly through the slots 22 and/or 24 of the body tabs 18, 20.

Respective inwardly facing surfaces 23, 25 (Figs.1B, 2A, 2B, 12) of the body tabs 18, 20, i.e., that are located at the respective upper ends of the slots 22 and 24, each have a slope that generally corresponds to the sloping planar tab-engagement face 58. Thus, as the wedge 50 is driven through the slots 22, 24 in the clamping direction C, the tab-engagement face 58 eventually engages squarely with both surfaces 23, 25 (or just with surface 25 when body tab 18 is omitted as in Figs. 9A, 10A). As the wedge is further driven in the clamping direction C, the inter engagement between the surfaces 23, 25 and the tab-engagement face 58 causes the wedge 50 to be forced 'downwards' against the top plate 40 (i.e., such that the plate-engaging face 56 bears and is driven against the bearing surface 46 of the top plate 40). An underside of the top plate 40 in turn bears and is driven against the rail R, causing the latter to be clamped against the backing plate 14.

In the embodiment of Figs. 9A and 10A, the part of the backing body 12 that is engaged by the wedge 50 comprises only the shorter body tab 20. In this embodiment, an opposite end 48 of top plate 40" is reconfigured to be pivotally/hinge-mounted to an end of the backing plate 14. The slot 42 is removed from end 48 of top plate 40". This enables the top plate 40" to pivot between an open (unclamped) position (Fig. 9A) in which the top plate is pivoted away from the backing plate 14, and a closed position in which the top plate closely faces the backing plate for clamping of the rail thereto in use.

As the top plate 40" pivots to the closed position, the shorter body tab 20 progressively passes through the slot 44, assuming the final orientation as shown in Fig. 10A. The wedge 50 can then be driven through the slot 24 to eventually bear against and drive down the top plate 40" to clamp against a rail R located between it and the backing plate 14.

Nut-type Retainer

In the embodiments of Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9B/10B, the retainer takes the form of a nut, either a hex nut 60 or a wing nut 65. The nut-type retainer comprises two separate nuts in each of the embodiments of Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, whereas the nut-type retainer comprises a single nut in the pivoting top plate embodiment of Figs. 9B &

1OB. In each embodiment, each nut 60 or 65 is configured to engage with (e.g., directly or indirectly) a part of the backing body 12 such that, when the nut is rotated, it progressively bears against the top plate 40', 40" to clamp a rail R to the backing plate 14 in use. Each nut 60, 65 is internally threaded such that, in use, as each nut is rotated, it moves down an external thread of a respective shank to progressively bear against the retaining element

In the embodiments of Figs. 4 and 5, the part of the backing body 12 that is directly engaged by the nut(s) comprises two spaced apart shanks in the form of externally threaded spigots 62, 63 which are secured (e.g., welded when of metal) at their lower ends to extend up from the backing plate 14. In place of the elongate slots 42, 44, the top plate 40' is modified with spaced apart circular holes 47, 49 that are located adjacent to but inset from opposite ends of the top plate. The spacing of the holes 47, 49 corresponds to the spacing of the spigots 62, 63 such that the shanks are able to extend through the holes to locate the top plate 40 above the backing plate 14, ready for clamping (Figs. 4B and 5B). Respective hex nuts 60 (Fig. 4) or wing nuts 65 (Fig. 5) can then be screwed (rotated) down the spigots 62, 63 until the nuts locate squarely at and bear against the outwardly facing bearing surface 46 of the top plate 40. Further rotation of the nuts causes an underside of the top plate 40 to bear on and clamp a rail R against the backing plate 14.

In the embodiment of Figs. 9B/10B, the part of the backing body 12 that is directly engaged by the nut comprises a single externally threaded spigot 63 which is secured (e.g., welded) at its lower end to extend up from the backing plate 14. As with the embodiment of Figs. 9A and 10A, an opposite end 48 of top plate 40" is reconfigured to be pivotally/hinge-mounted to an end of the backing plate 14. Again, the slot 42 is removed from end 48 of top plate 40". This enables the top plate 40" to pivot between an open (unclamped) position (Fig. 9A) in which the top plate is pivoted away from the backing plate 14, and a closed position in which the top plate closely faces the backing plate 14 for clamping of the rail thereto in use.

In the embodiment of Figs. 9B/10B, as the top plate 40" pivots to the closed position, the spigot 63 progressively passes through the hole 49, assuming the final orientation as shown in Fig. 1OB. A hex nut 60 (Figs. 9B/1OB) or a wing nut 65 (not shown) can then be screwed (rotated) down the spigot 63 until the nut locates squarely at and bears against the outwardly facing bearing surface 46 of the top plate 40". Further rotation of the nuts causes an underside of the top plate 40" to bear on and clamp a rail R against the backing plate 14.

In the embodiments of Figs. 6 and 7, the part of the backing body 12 that interacts with the nut-type retainer is, in these embodiments, indirectly engaged by the nuts

(60 or 65). This part of the backing body 12 comprises apertures in the form of spaced-apart holes 15, 17 that are formed to extend through the backing plate 14. In addition, this part of the backing body 12 comprises those portions of the backing plate 14 that surround each hole 15, 17 (i.e., portions that are to be engaged by a head of a bolt as described below). Further, in the embodiments of Figs. 6 and 7, the nuts each work together with a respective bolt to releasably secure a modified top plate 40 (i.e., modified in the same way as Figs. 4 & 5) to the backing body 12.

In the embodiment of Fig. 6, two hex nuts 60 are provided to releasably secure the top plate 40 to the backing body 12. Each hex nut 60 works together with an associated bolt 66. Each bolt has a head 67 which locates under the backing plate 14 in use, with an externally threaded bolt shank 68 extending from the head 67, through a respective hole 15 or 17, and then through a respective one of the spaced apart circular holes 47, 49 of the top plate 40. When each nut 60 and bolt 66 is tightened (screwed together), the nut bears against top plate 40, and the head 67 of each bolt is brought into engagement to bear against the underside of the backing plate 14. When a rail R is suitably located at the backing plate 14, this tightening eventually enables the top plate 40 to clamp the rail R to the backing plate 14. To release the rail, each nut 60 is loosened at its respective bolt 66.

In the embodiment of Figs. 7, two wing nuts 65 are provided to releasably secure the top plate 40 to the backing body 12. Again, each wing nut 65 works together with an associated bolt 66 in a like manner to that described above for Fig. 6. However, each wing nut 65 can be manually tightened (i.e., screwed together) with its associated bolt 66 until the nut bears against top plate 40, and until the head 67 of each bolt comes into fastening engagement against the underside of the backing plate 14. Such manual tightening may, at least in some applications, be sufficient for the top plate 40 to clamp the rail R to the backing plate 14. Again, to release the rail, each wing nut 65 is loosened at its respective bolt 66.

It should be understood that, in some applications (e.g., where the rail clamp 10 is secured to a rail R at a location beyond a fence post), instead of completely removing the top plate 40, each nut 60, 65 can be sufficiently loosened at its respective bolt 66, and then the rail clamp can be slid off an end of the rail R.

Further, when the backing body 12 comprises two spaced apart spigots 62, 63 (Figs. 4 & 5), or interacts two bolts (Figs. 6 & 7), a nut 60, 65 may be released from one shank/bolt and a nut 60, 65 may be loosened sufficiently at the other shank/bolt, so that the top plate can be 'swung' out of the way of clamping. This enables the rail R to be removed from the rail clamp 10.

It should also be understood that the combination nut (60,65) and bolt (66) can be inverted in use (i.e., it can be use either head-up or head-down). In this regard, the combination nut and bolt can be used whereby each nut 60, 65 locates and comes into fastening engagement at the underside of the backing plate 14. In this case, the head 67 of each bolt 66 comes into fastening engagement with the top plate 40. When the bolt 66 is inverted, the head 67 of the bolt can be configured with a countersunk-type configuration for close or flush mounting at a corresponding (e.g., countersunk) part of the backing body 14.

Bolt-type Retainer

In the embodiments of Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9C/10C, the retainer takes the form of a bolt, either a locking bolt 70 to be used without a nut (i.e., embodiment of Fig. 8), or a bolt 66 to be used together with a hex nut 60 or a wing nut 65 (i.e. embodiments of Figs. 6, 7, 9C/10C). Further, the bolt-type retainer comprises two separate bolts in each of the embodiments of Figs. 6, 7 & 8 whereas the bolt-type retainer comprises a single bolt in the pivoting top plate embodiment of Figs. 9C & 1OC.

In each of the embodiments of Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9C/1OC, to clamp the rail R to the backing body 12 in use, each bolt 66 or 70 (or each nut 60, 65) can be rotated in a first direction and, to release the top plate 40" from clamping, each bolt 66 or 70

(or each nut 60, 65) can be rotated in a second opposite direction (and separated from the backing body 12 if or as required).

Considering first the embodiment of Fig. 8, the spaced apart holes 15', 17' that extend through the backing plate 14 are each modified by providing an internal thread therein. Thus, the part of the backing body 12 that is engaged by each locking bolt 70 comprises the internally threaded holes 15', 17'. In addition, each locking bolt 70 comprises an externally threaded shank 72 that extends from a head 74 of the locking bolt.

The externally threaded shank 72 of locking bolt 70 engages in use with a respective one of the internally threaded holes 15', 17'. Thus, when the locking bolt 70 is rotated, the head 74 progressively bears against the top plate 40 to clamp a rail R to the backing plate 14 in use.

In a variation of the Fig. 8 embodiment, the spaced apart holes 15, 17 in the backing plate 14 can each be left unthreaded and, instead, the spaced apart circular holes 47, 49 in the top plate 40" can each be modified by providing an internal thread therein. The locking bolt 70 can then be used in an inverted orientation to that shown in Fig. 8, whereby the head 74 can bear against the underside of the backing plate 14 of the backing body 12. Thus, the part of the backing body 12 that is engaged by each locking bolt 70 comprises that part of the underside of backing plate 14 that is adjacent to the holes 15, 17 (i.e., that is engaged by the bolt head 74). In use, the externally threaded shank 72 of each locking bolt 70 can extend into and engage with the internal threads of the holes 47, 49 in the top plate 40". Thus, as the locking bolt is rotated, its head 74 bears against the underside of the backing plate 14, and its threaded shank 72, by rotating in the threaded holes 47, 49, causes the top plate 40" to be drawn against the backing plate 14, i.e., to clamp a rail R against the backing plate 14 in use.

When the locking bolt 70 is used in this inverted orientation, the head 74 of the bolt can be configured with a countersunk-type configuration for close or flush mounting at a corresponding (e.g., countersunk) part of the underside of the backing body 14.

An advantage of the Fig. 8 embodiment (and its inverted variation) is that it obviates the need for a nut 60, 65 for each locking bolt 70.

Considering now the embodiments of Figs. 6, 7, 9C/10C, as set forth above, the bolt 66 can be inverted in comparison to the orientation shown in each of Figs. 6, 7, 9C/10C. In this regard, the bolt 66 can be used head-up (i.e., with the head 67 of each bolt 66 oriented like the locking bolt 70 of Fig. 8, rather than in a head down orientation as shown in these Figures). In this head-up orientation, the combination bolt 66 and nut 60/65 can be used whereby the head 67 of each bolt 66 comes into fastening engagement with the top plate 40 (i.e., in a like manner to Fig. 8B) and each nut 60, 65 locates and comes into fastening engagement at the underside of the backing plate 14. Thus, instead of the nut (60, 65) acting as the retainer, the bolt 66 acts as the retainer. The operation of the bolt-type retainer of Figs. 6, 7, 9C/10C is otherwise as described above for the nut-type retainer.

Rail Clamping System

Referring now to Figs. 14A & 14B, a rail clamping system is shown in the form of a multi-clamp apparatus 100. The multi-clamp apparatus 100 can be used for simultaneously clamping two or more rails in a fence, such as a horse rail-type fence. In the embodiment depicted in Figs. 14A & 14B, the multi-clamp apparatus 100 is configured to clamp up to three rails R. In use, the multi-clamp apparatus 100 can be connected to two tensioning apparatus (e.g., two wire-straining devices such as the Wizard@ wire strainer referred to above) to tension multiple rails in the direction of e.g. arrows T (Fig. 14B). Alternatively, the multi-clamp apparatus 100 can be connected to a suitable multi-wire tensioning apparatus (e.g. an elongate hinge-type clamp for use in straining multiple wires; an example is the Wedgelock@ clamp produced by Waratah Fencing).

It should be understood that the multi-clamp apparatus 100 can be configured for use with rail clamps other than as shown in Figs. 1 to 12. However, typically it is used with a number of the various clamp embodiments as shown in Figs. 1 to 12.

In this regard, two or more rails clamps 10 (e.g., the three as shown) can be releasably secured to the multi-clamp apparatus 100, with each rail clamp being used to clamp to a respective rail R. Each rail clamp 10 is typically configured as set forth above in Figs. 1 to 12.

The multi-clamp apparatus 100 comprises a connector member in the form of an elongate channel 102 that is configured for connecting together the two or more rail clamps 10 at a given spacing of the rails in the fence. In the embodiment depicted in Figs. 14A & 14B, the elongate channel 102 is configured for connecting together three rail clamps 10 to thereby clamp to three rails R. These three rails can thus be tensioned and secured in a fence at a typical top-to-bottom spacing for three rail horse rail-type fence (i.e., the entire height of the fence can be tensioned simultaneously).

As outlined above, the given spacing between rails R can be a set or standard rail spacing, however, it may also vary in different types of horse rail-type fences. In this regard, the elongate channel 102 is configured to enable the spacing between the two or more rail clamps 10 to be adjusted (i.e., to correspond to a given/desired spacing of the rails R in the fence).

Generally, the elongate channel 102 is a C-type channel. For example, a unitary C channel can be used wherein respective discrete longitudinal slots are each cut into a web of the C channel for a length thereof. These slots facilitate sliding mounting to the channel of each of the two or more rail clamps 10.

However, in the embodiment of Figs. 14A & B, the elongate channel 102 is instead formed by joining together two elongate angle/L-type sections 104 and 104' (i.e., alongside of their major flanges as shown in Fig. 14A). To form the elongate channel 102, the sections 104 and 104' are joined together along the facing edges of their major flanges 106, 106' by a series of discrete, spaced strips 108 of metal plate. In addition, upper and lower distal edges of minor flanges 110, 110' of each section 104, 104' are joined together by upper and lower discrete strips 112 of metal plate. Typically, the sections 104 and 104' are of metal, whereby the plate strips 108 are typically joined to the sections 104 and 104' by welding (i.e., to form the channel 102).

The series of discrete, spaced strips 108 define respective longitudinal slots 114 between adjacent strips. Adjacent spaced strips 108 thereby close off the opposing ends of the slot 114 to delimit the extent of sliding of each rail clamp 10.

In this regard, each slot 114 allows a respective rail clamp 10 to be secured to the channel 102 by a respective fastener, and allows the rail clamp to slide along the slot for a length thereof. In particular, the backing body 12 of each rail clamp 10 is provided with upper and lower bolt holes through which a respective fastener in the form of a bolt can extend, with a shank of the bolt passing through one of the upper or lower bolt holes and then passing through a respective slot 114. In the embodiment of Figs. 14A & B, each bolt takes the form of a cuphead bolt 116, that has an externally threaded shank 118 to which is secured a suitably threaded nut 120 (e.g., a hex or wing nut) from within the channel 102. When tightened, each nut 102 engages an inside surface of the channel 102 (i.e., an inside surface of each of the major flanges 106, 106'). In use, the rounded head 122 of each cuphead bolt 116 minimises damage/interference with an adjacent rail R (i.e. which is typically of plastic).

In use, the nuts 120 are each loosened to enable the rail clamp 10 to slide up or down in its respective slot 114. Once at a suitable position, the nuts 120 are tightened from within the channel to secure the rail clamp 10 at a given (desired/suitable) location along the channel 102 (e.g., to correspond to the given/desired spacing of the rails R in the fence). The nuts 120 can also be removed to enable the rail clamp 10 to be released from the channel 102. In this regard, a released rail clamp 10 can be used separately from the multi-clamp apparatus 100.

It should be understood that the cuphead bolt 116 with associated nut 120 can be inverted. In this case, when tightened, the head of the bolt 116 can engage an inside surface of the channel 102 (i.e., at the major flanges 106, 106'), with the nut locating at and bearing against the backing plate 14.

To tension multiple rails simultaneously, tensioning apparatus (e.g. wire-straining devices) can be connected to each of at least two of the rail clamps 10 (e.g. the upper and lower clamps when the multi-clamp apparatus 100 supports three rail clamps). Alternatively, the channel 102 can be further modified to provide connection points (e.g., spaced connection loops welded to the sides of the channel, at one or at both sides thereof). The tensioning apparatus (e.g. wire straining devices) can then instead be connected to the connection points of the channel102.

Method of Using Rail Clamp/Multi-clamp System

To use the rail clamp 10 or multi-clamp apparatus 100, each top plate 40, 40" is 'released' from its respective backing body 12 in one of the various ways as outlined above (i.e., such that the backing plate 14 is ready for the rail R to be positioned thereat). The rail R is then located flat against the backing plate 14.

Each top plate 40, 40" is positioned (i.e. placed or pivoted) to locate over the rail R located at the backing plate 14. Each top plate 40, 40" is then secured to its respective backing body 12 such that it clamps its respective rail R against the backing plate 14. In this regard, each top plate 40, 40" is secured by one or two of a wedge 50, nut 60/65 or bolt 66, 70, with each of these being configured and operated as outlined above.

The (or each) tensioning apparatus (e.g., wire-straining device) is now connected to the backing body 12 via the offset plate 28 and connection aperture 30. The (or each) tensioning apparatus is then activated to apply a tensioning force to each rail clamp 10 and thereby to the clamped rail R. The (or each) tensioning apparatus applies a tensioning force to the rail clamp 10 in adjacency of at least one post P of a fence to which the tensioned rail is to be secured in use (see Fig. 13B).

Once a sufficient tensioning force has been applied to the clamped rail R, the rail is secured to the post (e.g., by a purpose-designed securing system), and the tensioning apparatus is then deactivated. Thereafter, the rail clamp 10 is released from the tensioned rail R. The purpose-designed securing system is secured to the tensioned rail R to hold it in fastening relation to the post, thereby maintaining the tension in the rail once the rail clamp 10 is released/removed.

In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the clamp, system and their method of use, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the clamp, system and method.

Claims

1. A clamp for releasable clamping to a rail, the rail for use in a fence, the clamp comprising:

a body that is configured to have the rail clamped thereagainst, the body being further configured such that, in use, a tensioning apparatus can be connected to the body to enable a tensioning force to be applied to the body and thereby to a rail clamped against the body;

a retaining element that is configured to be releasably secured with respect to the body to clamp the rail against the body.

2. A clamp according to claim 1 wherein the retaining element comprises a plate and wherein the body comprises a plate section, whereby the rail is clamped in use between the plate of the retaining element and the plate section of the body.

3. A clamp according to claim 2 wherein the retaining element plate has a length, and the body plate section has a width, that are each greater than a width of the rail whereby, in use, a full width of the rail is able to be clamped by the retaining element plate against the body plate section.

4. A clamp according to any of the preceding claims, the clamp further comprising a retainer that is configured to urge the retaining element towards and releasably secure it with respect to the body to thereby clamp the rail against the body in use, and whereby release of the retainer releases the retaining element from clamping the rail against the body in use.

5. A clamp according to claim 4 wherein the retainer is further configured to engage with a part of the body in a manner that causes the retainer to bear against the retaining element such that it is able to clamp the rail to the body in use.

6. A clamp according to claim 5 wherein the retainer comprises:

(i) a wedge configured to be driven laterally and to engage said part of the body such that, as it is laterally driven, the wedge progressively bears against the retaining element to clamp the rail to the body in use;

(ii) at least one nut, each nut configured to engage said part of the body such that, when rotated, the nut progressively bears against the retaining element to clamp the rail to the body in use;

(iii) at least one bolt, each bolt configured to engage said part of the body such that, when rotated, a head of the bolt, or a nut for the bolt, progressively bears against the retaining element to clamp the rail to the body in use.

7. A clamp according to claim 6 wherein:

(i) said part of the body comprises a single or spaced apart tabs secured to project out from the body, each tab having a wedge-receiving aperture therethrough, with the wedge extending through the aperture(s) such that, in use, as the wedge is driven laterally, it interacts with the tab(s) and is caused to progressively bear against the retaining element to urge it towards and secure it with respect to the body to thereby clamp the rail to the body in use;

(ii) said part of the body comprises a single or spaced apart externally threaded shanks, with a respective nut for each shank being internally threaded such that, in use, as each nut is rotated, it moves down the external thread of its respective shank to progressively bear against the retaining element to urge it towards and secure it with respect to the body to thereby clamp the rail to the body in use;

(iii) said part of the body comprises a single or spaced apart internally threaded apertures, with a respective bolt for each aperture having an externally threaded shank such that, in use, as each bolt is rotated, its respective shank moves into its respective aperture until a head of the bolt progressively bears against the retaining element to urge it towards and secure it with respect to the body to thereby clamp the rail to the body in use; or in (iii) said part of the body comprises a single or spaced apart apertures, with a respective bolt for each aperture having an externally threaded shank with an internally threaded nut being provided for each respective bolt such that, in use, each bolt and/or nut is rotated so that either a head or nut of the bolt progressively bears against the retaining element to urge it towards and secure it with respect to the body to thereby clamp the rail to the body in use.

8. A clamp according to claim 7 wherein in (iii) either a head of or nut for the bolt engages with the body as the retaining element is urged towards and secured with respect to the body.

9. A clamp according to any of claims 6 to 8 wherein the retaining element comprises therethrough a single corresponding aperture, or two spaced apart corresponding apertures, each aperture configured for receiving therethrough a respective one of the tab, threaded shank or bolt.

10. A clamp according to any of claims 7 to 9 wherein the wedge is elongate and, in side elevation, comprises a wider drive end and an opposing narrower insertion end, with a clamping face extending between the ends along an elongate wedge side which, in use, bears against the retaining element, and with a sloping tab-engagement face extending along an opposite elongate wedge side.

11. A clamp according to claim 10 wherein, in use, the insertion end of the wedge is configured to be inserted through the wedge-receiving aperture of each tab, and the drive end of the wedge is configured to be hammered by a suitable tool whereby the tab-engagement face of the wedge is brought into engagement with respective inside face(s) of the tab aperture(s), and whereby the wedge bearer face is caused to progressively bear against the retaining element to urge it towards and secure it with respect to the body to thereby clamp the rail to the body in use.

12. A clamp according to any of claims 7 to 11 wherein one end of the retaining element is hinge-mounted to the body to pivot between an open position in which the retaining element is pivoted away from the body, and a closed position in which the retaining element is able to closely face the body for clamping of the rail thereto in use, and wherein an opposite end of the retaining element comprises an aperture that is configured for receiving therethrough a respective one of the tab, threaded shank or bolt as the retaining element pivots to the closed position.

13. A clamp according to any of the preceding claims wherein the further configuring of the body to enable a tensioning apparatus to be connected thereto comprises at least one lobe that projects out and away from a main part of the body, and wherein the tensioning apparatus is able to be connected to the at least one lobe.

14. A clamp according to claim 13 when dependent directly or indirectly on claim 2, wherein the main part of the body comprises the body plate section, such that the at least one lobe projects out and away from the body plate section.

15. A clamp according to claim 13 or 14 wherein the body comprises either one lobe that projects out and away from the body main part, or two lobes that project out and away from opposite sides of the body main part, with each lobe comprising an aperture therethrough to facilitate coupling of the tensioning apparatus to the body.

16. A rail clamping system for use in clamping two or more rails, the two or more rails for use in a fence, the clamping system comprising: two or more clamps, each for a respective rail, each clamp being configured as set forth in any of the preceding claims; a connector member for connecting together the two or more clamps at a given spacing of the rails in the fence.

17. A system according to claim 16 wherein the connector member is configured to enable the two or more clamps to be connected together at a spacing that is able to be adjusted to correspond to the given spacing of the rails in the fence.

18. A system according to claim 16 or 17 wherein the connector member comprises an elongate channel, and wherein each of the two or more clamps is slidable and releasably mounted to the channel such that its position along a length of the channel can be adjusted to correspond to the given rails spacing in the fence.

19. A system according to claim 18 wherein each of the two or more clamps is slidable with respect to a respective elongate discrete slot extending in and through a wall of the channel, with opposing ends of the slot being closed to delimit the extent of sliding of each clamp, with each clamp being releasably mounted to the channel by at least one fastener that extends through a respective slot for the clamp.

20. A system according to claim 19 wherein each clamp is releasably mounted to the channel by in-use upper and lower fasteners that each extend through the body of the clamp and through the respective slot, and wherein, once a given clamp has been located at a desired position along the channel, each fastener is able to be actuated to secure the body to the channel and thereby secure the clamp against sliding.

21. A method of using the clamp or system as set forth in any of the preceding claims, the method comprising: releasing the or each retaining element from its respective body; locating a respective rail at the or a respective body; securing the retaining element with respect to its respective body such that it clamps its respective rail against the body.

22. A method according to claim 21, wherein each retaining element is secured with respect to its body by a retainer, the retainer being configured and operated in a manner as set forth in any of claims 4 to 12.

23. A method according to claim 21 or 22 wherein, once the rail has been clamped against the body, the tensioning apparatus is connected to the body and is activated to apply a tensioning force to the body and thereby to the rail clamped against the body.

24. A method according to claim 23 wherein the clamp is used to apply tension to the rail such that the rail can be tensioned in a fence, the fence comprising at least one post to which the tensioned rail is able to be secured in use.

25. A method according to claim 24 wherein, once a sufficient tensioning force has been applied to the rail clamped against the body, the rail is secured to the post, the tensioning apparatus is deactivated, and then the clamp is released from the rail.

26. A rail-type fence in which one or more rails have been tensioned using: a clamp according to any of claims I to 15; a system according to any of claims 16 to 20; a method according to any of claims 21 to 25.

Fig. 1A Fig. 1B 18 50 18 10 12 14 C 23, 25 20 52 20 40

32 58 28 28

32 30 46 54 R 30

Fig. 2

22 Fig. 2A Fig. 3 18 16 12 Fig. 2E 18 32 Fig. 3A 40 30 42 14 30

Fig. 2C 22 24

28 46 44 28 14 26 32 14 20 16 Fig. 3B 12 58 Fig. 2D 18 52 25 28 24 20 32 20 Fig. 2B 14 56 54 28 32 Fig. 2F 50

60 Fig. 4A 2023203653 12 Jun 2023 47 60 40’ Fig. 4B 12 62

10 49 26

63 28

14 10 32 65 Fig. 5A 65 47 40’ Fig. 5B 12 62 10

49 26

28 10 63

Fig. 6A 2023203653 12 Jun 2023 47 12 60 40’ 15 Fig. 6B

49 10 26 14

28 17 10 66 67

30 66 67 67

65 40’ 47 Fig. 7A Fig. 7B 65 15 12 10

49 26 14

28 10 17 66 67 66 67 67

70 Fig. 8A 72 47 10 40’

74 70

12 15’ 72 74 Fig. 8B

74 32 49 26

28 17’

30

A 2023203653 12 Jun 2023 Fig. 9 40”

10”

12

26 P 28 50 30 14

60 40” 60

40” 40”

12 44 49 49 12 14 17 12 20 63

10” 66 10” 10” Fig. 9A Fig. 9B Fig. 9C

40” Fig. 10

P 10” 32

28 A 30

50

20 66 63

60 67 Fig. 10A 10” Fig. 10B Fig. 10C 10” 10”

Fig. 12 Fig. 11A 18 18 50 14 23, 25 12’ 30’ 40 20 32 26 26’ 58

28 20 32

12’ Fig. 11B 18 22, 24 10’ 28’

30’

28 32 32’ 20 12’ 18 20

14 28 Fig. 11C

10’ Fig. 13A 14

R 20 40

Fig. 13B 50 10’

T

40

R

P

Fig. 14A 2023203653 12 Jun 2023 120 112 100 102 118 110’ 10’ 110 116

104 104’ 106 106’ R 122 20 112

10’ 108 R

114 108 100 T Fig. 14B 114 102

10’ R 106’ 106 T R 114 108

108 10’