AU2023201380B1 - Method for Reclaiming and Recycling Ceramic Particle Reinforced Steel Matrix Composite - Google Patents
Method for Reclaiming and Recycling Ceramic Particle Reinforced Steel Matrix Composite Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010120 permanent mold casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/086—Filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
Disclosed is a method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix
composite, which belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composites. An operation method
includes remelting and filtering a worn composite part to separate ceramic particles from a steel
matrix to obtain a steel material; performing ultrasonic treatment, corrosion, heating, filtering, and
drying on the separated ceramic particles to obtain particles having pure surfaces; and
compounding the obtained ceramic particles with the steel material to re-obtain a ceramic particle
reinforced steel matrix composite product. According to the present disclosure, a discarded
composite product is reclaimed and recycled, which increases a utilization rate of the material
considerably and has great significance in resource conservation.
Description
Method for Reclaiming and Recycling Ceramic Particle Reinforced Steel Matrix Composite
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite, which belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composites.
[0002] A wear-resistant material is an indispensable and crucial consumable material in the industrial fields of mining, electric power, building materials, etc., the service life of which is related to the replacement of parts and even directly influences an operation efficiency of an apparatus and an entire production line. Statistically, the annual economic loss is up to 1 trillion CNY. Owing to its high hardness and high wear resistance like the ceramic material and high strength and superior plasticity and toughness like the metal, the ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite has become a hot issue in the scientific research and the application in the industrial field across the world.
[0003] With the aid of increasingly mature manufacturing and processing technologies, the ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite has been applied to increasingly wide fields. Under the influence of sustainable development goals such as resource recyclability and environmental awareness, the research on reclamation and recycle of the steel matrix composite has drawn considerable attention. Theoretically, except for irreclaimable continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite, all the other non-continuous reinforced metal matrix composites are recyclable, which has great significance in resource conservation. However, it is rare to find literature or reports on reclamation and reuse of the steel matrix composite, especially the particle reinforced steel matrix composite. Theoretically, acid corrosion will cause oxidation and damage to the surface, leading to an unsatisfactory effect. How to break through the technical bottleneck is of great significance in energy conservation and emission reduction, development of the circular economy, alleviation of the contradiction between supply and demand, and reduction in dependence on external iron ore resources.
[0004] In order to solve the problems that a reaction product on surfaces of particles of a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite is difficult to remove and low in reclaiming efficiency in a reclaiming process, an objective of the present disclosure is to provide a method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite. The method specifically includes:
[0005] (1) remelting a discarded ceramic/steel matrix composite product in a high temperature furnace to obtain steel melt containing solid-phase ceramic particles; and placing a ceramic net at a gate of a cavity, pouring the melt into the cavity, and separating the ceramic particles from a steel material through the ceramic net;
[0006] (2) putting the ceramic particles separated in step (1) into an ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning;
[0007] (3) adding ceramic particles cleaned in step (2) into a hydrochloric acid solution, heating a container containing the hydrochloric acid solution, and performing mechanical stirring simultaneously, the hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 21%-35%, and a mechanical stirring speed being 100 r/min-200 r/min;
[0008] (4) filtering: filtering a product obtained in step (3) through a filter net to obtain ceramic particles, ultrasonically cleaning the obtained ceramic particles, and then drying cleaned ceramic particles in a drying oven to obtain ceramic particles having pure surfaces; and
[0009] (5) compounding the steel material obtained in step (1) with the ceramic particles obtained in step (4) through a casting process to obtain a new ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite product.
[0010] Preferably, the ceramic particles of the ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite of the present disclosure are made of any one of alumina, zirconia, zirconia toughened alumina, wolfram carbide, and titanium carbide, and have a particle size of 6 meshes-200 meshes.
[0011] Preferably, a steel matrix of the ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite of the present disclosure is made of any one of high-chromium cast iron, alloy steel, high-manganese steel, and gray cast iron.
[0012] Preferably, a remelting temperature in step (1) of the present disclosure is 1350°C 1600 0 C.
[0013] Preferably, an aperture of the ceramic net in step (1) of the present disclosure is 5 meshes or more greater than a particle size of the ceramic particles of the composite to be treated.
[0014] Preferably, a time of ultrasonic cleaning performed twice of the present disclosure is at least 4 min.
[0015] Preferably, in step (3) of the present disclosure, a heating temperature is 200°C-350°C, and a hydrochloric acid solution is re-added every 10 min-15 min in a heating process.
[0016] Preferably, in step (4) of the present disclosure, a drying oven temperature is 70°C 100°C, and a drying time is 8 h-12 h.
[0017] Preferably, in step (5) of the present disclosure, the casting process is any one of sand mold casting, permanent mold casting, centrifugal casting, extrusion casting, and pressure casting.
[0018] The present disclosure fills in the blank of reclamation and recycle of the ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite, mainly overcomes the following difficulties, and has remarkable beneficial effects:
[0019] (1) The inventors have used solutions such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and aqua regia to treat the surfaces of the particles during research and development. However, the strong acid has an extremely strong oxidability in a corrosion process, so as to oxidize the ceramic particle and metal on the surfaces of the particles. Therefore, it is difficult to separate the ceramic particles from the metal, which makes those skilled in the art fail to reclaim the ceramic particles through an acid corrosion method currently. After verifying the variety and concentration of acid repeatedly, the inventors have found that hydrochloric acid having a certain concentration may effectively separate the ceramic particles from the metal on the surfaces of the particles and has a low oxidability, and thus decided to use the hydrochloric acid for corrosion.
[0020] (2) During research and development, the inventors have found that a corrosion efficiency is extremely low if the ceramic particles are left to stand at a room temperature to be treated. When the inventors mechanically stir and heat an acid solution during corrosion, a heated acid solution will generate bubbles. Substances on the surfaces of the particles will be removed by the bubbles under the action of stirring and boiling, and further removed through corrosion, thus greatly improving a corrosion treatment efficiency and purity of the surfaces of the particles.
[0021] Fig. 1 shows a discarded ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite product used in the present disclosure;
[0022] Fig. 2 shows a ceramic particle separated through the present disclosure and its morphology;
[0023] Fig. 3 shows a new composite product prepared from a steel material and a ceramic particle separated through the present disclosure;
[0024] Fig. 4 shows a ceramic particle separated after a treatment with sulfuric acid and its morphology;
[0025] Fig. 5 shows a ceramic particle separated after a treatment with nitric acid and its morphology;
[0026] Fig. 6 shows a ceramic particle separated after a treatment with aqua regia and its morphology;
[0027] Fig. 7 shows a treatment with hydrochloric acid having a mass percent concentration of 6%;
[0028] Fig. 8 shows a treatment with hydrochloric acid having a mass percent concentration of 38%;
[0029] Fig. 9 shows a surface morphology of a brand-new composite product after 10000 h ofuse;and
[0030] Fig. 10 shows a surface morphology of a composite product prepared from ceramic and steel reclaimed through the present disclosure after 10000 h of use.
[0031] The technical solutions of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the examples of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described examples are merely some examples rather than all examples of the present disclosure. Based on the examples of the present disclosure, all other examples obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
[0032] A heating stage described in the example of the present disclosure is a conventional commercially available product as long as it can be used for heating.
[0033] In step (3) in the example of the present disclosure, a container containing hydrochloric acid can be an open vessel made of ceramic or glass.
[0034] Example 1
[0035] Disclosed is a method for reclaiming and recycling a zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramic particle reinforced high-chromium cast iron matrix composite. A specific operation method includes:
[0036] (1) A steel material is obtained through separation, including:
[0037] ( A discarded grinding roller (as shown in Fig. 1) made of a ZTA ceramic particle reinforced high-chromium cast iron matrix composite is cut into small pieces, and the small pieces are placed into a high-temperature furnace and heated to 1500°C for melting an iron matrix. Since ZTA ceramic particles have a melting point of 2100°C or above and a smaller density than iron melt, high-chromium cast iron melt having ZTA ceramic particles suspended on a surface is obtained in this case. The ZTA ceramic particles have a particle size of 12 meshes.
[0038] @ A ceramic net having an aperture of 20 meshes is placed at a gate of a cavity, and the melt obtained in ( is poured into the cavity. After the melt is solidified, a casting in the cavity is made of high-chromium cast iron, and a blocky substance of ZTA particles having surfaces containing some high-chromium cast iron metal is filtered out with the ceramic net.
[0039] (2) Ceramic particles having pure surfaces are obtained through a treatment, including:
[0040] (1 The blocky substance filtered out in step (1) is put into an ethanol solution, and cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 5 min to remove dust, oil stain, etc. from the surface.
[0041] @ A blocky substance cleaned in step ( is put into a solution having a concentration of hydrochloric acid of 35%, then a glass container containing a hydrochloric acid solution is put on the heating table at 300°C, and mechanical stirring is applied, a mechanical stirring speed being 200 r/min. A hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 35% is added every 13 min in a heating process. After particles are separated from one another and surfaces are free of impurities, the particles are filtered with a filter net, so as to obtain ZTA ceramic particles.
[0042] @ The ZTA ceramic particles obtained in step @ are put into the ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic cleaning for 5 min, and then cleaned ceramic particles are dried in a drying oven at a temperature of 100°C for 8 h, so as to obtain the ceramic particles having the pure surfaces (as shown in Fig. 2). It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the ZTA ceramic particles reclaimed through the method described above have no metal and impurity remaining on the surfaces, and no damage is caused to the particles.
[0043] (3) The steel material obtained in (1) is compounded with the ceramic particles obtained in (2) through a sand mold casting process to prepare a new grinding roller made of the ZTA particle reinforced high-chromium cast iron matrix composite (as shown in Fig. 3). Figs. 9 and 10 show a surface morphology of a grinding roller prepared from a composite of new ZTA particles and new high-chromium cast iron and a surface morphology of a grinding roller prepared from a composite of reclaimed ZTA particles and reclaimed high-chromium cast iron after 10000 h of use, respectively. It can be seen from Figs. 9 and 10 that the two grinding rollers have similar surface morphologies and a wear depth of 10 mm or so. Therefore, a defect-free composite grinding roller which is comparable to a new product may be obtained by compounding the reclaimed ZTA particles with the reclaimed high-chromium cast iron metal.
[0044] Example 2
[0045] Disclosed is a method for reclaiming and recycling a wolfram carbide (WC) ceramic particle reinforced alloy steel matrix composite. A specific operation method includes:
[0046] (1) A steel material is obtained through separation, including:
[0047] 0 A discarded wear-resistant part made of a WC ceramic particle reinforced alloy steel matrix composite is cut into small pieces, and the small pieces are placed into a high temperature furnace and heated to 1600°C for melting a steel matrix. Since WC ceramic particles have a melting point of 2800°C or above, alloy steel melt containing the WC ceramic particles is obtained in this case. The WC ceramic particles have a particle size of 6 meshes.
[0048] @ A ceramic net having an aperture of 11 meshes is placed at a gate of a cavity, and the melt obtained in @ is poured into the cavity. After the melt is solidified, a casting in the cavity is made of alloy steel, and a blocky substance of WC particles having surfaces containing some alloy steel metal is filtered out with the ceramic net.
[0049] (2) Ceramic particles having pure surfaces are obtained through a treatment, including:
[0050] 0 The blocky substance filtered out in (1) is put into an ethanol solution, and cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 4 min to remove dust, oil stain, etc. from the surface.
[0051] © A blocky substance cleaned in step @ is put into a solution having a concentration of hydrochloric acid of 33%, then a ceramic container containing a hydrochloric acid solution is put on the heating table at 350°C, and mechanical stirring is applied, a mechanical stirring speed being 100 r/min. A hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 33% is added every 13 min in a heating process. After particles are separated from one another and surfaces are free of impurities, the particles are filtered with a filter net, so as to obtain WC ceramic particles.
[0052] @The WC ceramic particles obtained in step are put into the ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic cleaning for 4 min and then cleaned ceramic particles are dried in a drying oven at a temperature of 70°C for 12 h, so as to obtain the ceramic particles having the pure surfaces. The surfaces are free of impurities, and have a morphology similar with that in Fig. 2.
[0053] (3) The steel material obtained in (1) is compounded with the ceramic particles obtained in (2) through a centrifugal casting process to prepare a new WC particle reinforced alloy steel matrix composite product, the performance of which is similar with that in Example 1.
[0054] Example 3
[0055] Disclosed is a method for reclaiming and recycling an alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) ceramic particle reinforced high-manganese steel matrix composite. A specific operation method includes:
[0056] (1) A steel material is obtained through separation, including:
[0057] 0 A discarded wear-resistant part made of an A1 2 0 3 ceramic particle reinforced high manganese steel matrix composite is cut into small pieces, and the small pieces are placed into a high-temperature furnace and heated to 1580°C for melting a steel matrix. Since A1 2 0 3 ceramic particles have a melting point of 2000°C or above, high-manganese steel melt containing the A1 2 0 3 ceramic particles is obtained in this case. The A1 2 0 3 ceramic particles have a particle size of 200 meshes.
[0058] A ceramic net having an aperture of 210 meshes is placed at a gate of a cavity, and the melt obtained in @ is poured into the cavity. After the melt is solidified, a casting in the cavity is made of high-manganese steel, and a blocky substance of A1 2 0 3 particles having surfaces containing some high-manganese steel metal is filtered out with the ceramic net.
[0059] (2) Ceramic particles having pure surfaces are obtained through a treatment, including:
[0060] 0 The blocky substance filtered out in (1) is put into an ethanol solution, and cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 4 min to remove dust, oil stain, etc. from the surface.
[0061] @ A blocky substance cleaned in step @ is put into a solution having a concentration of hydrochloric acid of 21%, then a glass container containing a hydrochloric acid solution is put on the heating table at 200°C, and mechanical stirring is applied, a mechanical stirring speed being
150 r/min. A hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 21% is added every 13 min in a heating process. After particles are separated from one another and surfaces are free of impurities, the particles are filtered with a filter net, so as to obtain A1 2 0 3 ceramic particles.
[0062] @ The A1 2 0 3 ceramic particles obtained in step @ are put into the ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic cleaning for 6 min, and then cleaned ceramic particles are dried in a drying oven at a temperature of 80°C for 9 h, so as to obtain the ceramic particles having the pure surfaces. The surfaces are free of impurities, and have a morphology similar with that in Fig. 2.
[0063] (3) The steel material obtained in (1) is compounded with the ceramic particles obtained in (2) are through a permanent mold casting process to prepare a new product made of the A1 2 0 3 particle reinforced high-manganese steel matrix composite, the performance of which is similar with that in Example 1.
[0064] Comparative Example 1
[0065] The present example has the same conditions as Example 1, except that nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and aqua regia are used separately to replace hydrochloric acid. Results are shown in the figures.
[0066] Fig. 4 shows a surface morphology of ZTA particles treated with sulfuric acid. Fig. 5 shows a surface morphology of ZTA particles treated with nitric acid. Fig. 6 shows a surface morphology of ZTA particles treated with aqua regia. It can be seen from the figures that after a filtered-out blocky substance of ZTA particles having surfaces containing some high-chromium cast iron metal is treated with the sulfuric acid, most high-chromium cast iron metal still remains, and the ZTA particles fail to be completely separated. For a blocky substance treated with the nitric acid, although most metal is removed and ZTA particles may also be separated, a small amount of metal remains on surfaces of the particles, and the surfaces have a low degree of finish. For a blocky substance treated with the aqua regia, although metal on surfaces of particles is removed completely and ZTA particles may also be separated completely, the particles are corroded and peeled by a substance having a strong oxidability. It can be seen from the comparison that when the hydrochloric acid having a certain concentration is used for treatment (Fig. 2), the particles have the clean surfaces and are completely separated, there is no metal remaining on the surfaces, and the particles are not oxidized or peeled.
[0067] Comparative example 2
[0068] The present example has the same conditions as Example 1 except that concentrations of hydrochloric acid are 6% and 38%.
[0069] Fig. 7 shows a surface morphology of ZTA particles treated with hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 6%. Fig. 8 shows a surface morphology of ZTA particles treated with hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 38%. It can be seen from the figures that after a filtered-out blocky substance of the ZTA particles having surfaces containing some high chromium cast iron metal is treated with the hydrochloric acid having the concentration of 6%, owing to the low concentration of the hydrochloric acid, most high-chromium cast iron metal still remains, and the ZTA particles fail to be separated. When a blocky substance is treated with the hydrochloric acid having the concentration of 38%, metal on surfaces of ZTA is removed completely, but the particles are damaged, oxidized, and peeled. It can be seen from the comparison that the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is too low to separate and treat the metal on the surfaces of ZTA particles; and if the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is too high, over-corrosion will be caused and the surfaces of the ZTA particles will be oxidized.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite, wherein the method specifically comprises:
(1) remelting a discarded ceramic/steel matrix composite product in a high-temperature furnace to obtain steel melt containing solid-phase ceramic particles; and placing a ceramic net at a gate of a cavity, pouring the melt into the cavity, and separating the ceramic particles from a steel material through the ceramic net;
(2) putting the ceramic particles separated in step (1) into an ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning;
(3) adding ceramic particles cleaned in step (2) into a hydrochloric acid solution, heating a container containing the hydrochloric acid solution, and performing mechanical stirring simultaneously, the hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 21%-35%, and a mechanical stirring speed being 100 r/min-200 r/min;
(4) filtering: filtering a product obtained in step (3) through a filter net to obtain ceramic particles, ultrasonically cleaning the obtained ceramic particles, and then drying cleaned ceramic particles in a drying oven to obtain ceramic particles having pure surfaces; and
(5) compounding the steel material obtained in step (1) with the ceramic particles obtained in step (4) through a casting process to obtain a new ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite product; wherein
the ceramic particles of the ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite are made of any one of alumina, zirconia, zirconia toughened alumina, wolfram carbide, and titanium carbide, and have a particle size of 6 meshes-200 meshes; and
a steel matrix of the ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite is made of any one of high chromium cast iron, alloy steel, high-manganese steel, and gray cast iron.
2. The method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein a remelting temperature in step (1) is 1350°C-1600°C.
3. The method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite according to claim 2, wherein an aperture of the ceramic net in step (1) is 5 meshes or more greater than a particle size of the ceramic particles of the composite to be treated.
~1 1
4. The method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein a time of ultrasonic cleaning performed twice is at least 4 min.
5. The method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in step (3), a heating temperature is 200°C-350°C, and a hydrochloric acid solution is re-added every 10 min-15 min in a heating process.
6. The method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite according to claim 5, wherein in step (4), a drying temperature is 70°C-100°C, and a drying time is 8 h-12 h.
7. The method for reclaiming and recycling a ceramic particle reinforced steel matrix composite according to 6, wherein in step (5), the casting process is any one of sand mold casting, permanent mold casting, centrifugal casting, extrusion casting, and pressure casting.
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| CN102531588A (en) * | 2012-03-03 | 2012-07-04 | 赣州虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing zirconium oxide ceramic by recycling zirconium oxide ceramic grinding wastes |
| CN103693998A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2014-04-02 | 宜宾红星电子有限公司 | Recovery method of metalized ceramic wastes |
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| AU5148596A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Tib2 particulate ceramic reinforced al-alloy metal-matrix co mposites |
| US6830605B2 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-12-14 | World Resources Company | Recovery of metal values from cermet |
| US20090076196A1 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-03-19 | Hamid Hojaji | Shaped particles from settable materials, manufacturing, composition, and composites |
| CN102925694B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-02-04 | 江苏大学 | Method for remelting in-situ particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN106676282B (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2019-02-19 | 太湖县光华铝业有限公司 | A kind of Way of Remelting Scrap Aluminium dross recyclable device and its high-recovery recovery method |
| CN207865995U (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-09-14 | 无锡新区鸿声铝品有限公司 | A kind of smelting furnace waste residue retracting device for aluminium alloy production line of environmental protection |
| CN109487028B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-09-01 | 江西理工大学 | Double-flash supergravity slag financial division comprehensive recovery method for neodymium iron boron waste |
| CN109942300A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-28 | 东北大学 | The method that carbonization boron-carbon SiClx composite ceramics are prepared in situ as raw material using mortar cutting waste material |
| CN113604680A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 山西中城天朗环保工程有限公司 | Magnesium alloy flux slag recovery equipment and recovery process thereof |
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| CN102531588A (en) * | 2012-03-03 | 2012-07-04 | 赣州虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing zirconium oxide ceramic by recycling zirconium oxide ceramic grinding wastes |
| CN103693998A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2014-04-02 | 宜宾红星电子有限公司 | Recovery method of metalized ceramic wastes |
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