AU2022263611A1

AU2022263611A1 - Valve

Info

Publication number: AU2022263611A1
Application number: AU2022263611A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Peter John Morris; Marcus Eric Ullrot
Original assignee: Australian Valve Group Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Australian Valve Group Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2022-11-04
Filing date: 2022-11-04
Publication date: 2024-05-23

Abstract

A valve (1) having a valve body (212), a ball (218) provided inside the valve body (212) and a valve cartridge (220). The body (212) has an inlet (314) and at least one outlet (316). A first portion of the valve cartridge (220) is positioned inside the ball (218) and a second portion of the valve cartridge (220) is positioned outside the ball (218). 1/29 ao to LJ)-

Description

1/29

ao to

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Title

"Valve"

[0001] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise" and variations such as "comprises", "comprising" and "comprised" are to be understood to imply the presence of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

[0002] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "include" and variations such as "includes", "including" and "included" are to be understood to imply the presence of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

[0003] The headings and subheadings in this specification are provided for convenience to assist the reader, and they are not to be interpreted so as to narrow or limit the scope of the disclosure in the description, claims, abstract or drawings.

Technical Field

[0004] The present invention relates to a valve.

Background

[0005] Any discussion of the background, any reference to a document and any reference to information that is known or is well known, which is contained in this specification, is provided only for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the background to the present invention, and is not itself an acknowledgement or admission that any of that material forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other country at the priority date of the application in relation to which this specification has been filed.

[0006] Ball valves are often used in plumbing installations as isolation valves so that it is possible to prevent flow of fluid through the ball valve to the downstream side of the ball valve. Preventing such fluid flow may become necessary, for example, when maintenance work is required to be performed on the pluming installation downstream of the ball valve. In some situations, it is necessary or desirable to employ another type of valve (e.g. a check valve) with the ball valve. In such situations, it is advantageous to incorporate the ball valve and the other valve in a single unit, which can be connected into the plumbing installation, rather than the ball valve and the other valve being two separate units each requiring connection separately into the plumbing installation.

Summary

[0007] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a valve comprising

a valve body having an inlet and at least one outlet,

a ball provided inside the valve body,

a valve cartridge,

wherein a first portion of the valve cartridge is positioned inside the ball and a second portion of the valve cartridge is positioned outside the ball.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the valve cartridge is provided in the valve body.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the valve cartridge is retained in position in the valve body.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the retention of the valve cartridge in the valve body is provided outside the ball.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the valve further comprises a retainer.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the retainer may be detachably connected with the valve body.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the retainer may be detachably connected with the valve body at the inlet of the valve body.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the valve cartridge is held between the valve body and the retainer.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the valve cartridge abuts the valve body at a first location of the valve cartridge.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the valve cartridge abuts the retainer at a second location of the valve cartridge.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the valve cartridge abuts a shoulder of the valve body at the first location of the valve cartridge.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the valve cartridge abuts a shoulder of the retainer at the second location of the valve cartridge.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, a seal is provided between the valve cartridge and the retainer.

[0020] In at least one embodiment, the valve cartridge includes a body, and the body is provided with the first and second locations of the valve cartridge.

[0021] In at least one embodiment, the valve cartridge includes a body and a spring and the body is provided with the first location and the spring is provided with the second location.

[0022] In at least one embodiment, the ball comprises a cavity, an inlet and an outlet.

[0023] In at least one embodiment, the inlet and the outlet of the ball are arranged at a right angle to one another.

[0024] In at least one embodiment, the inlet and the at least one outlet of the valve body are arranged at a right angle to one another.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the valve cartridge may comprise a flow controller to control the flow of fluid through the valve body.

[0026] In at least one embodiment, the flow controller comprises a pressure limiter to limit the pressure of fluid that is able to flow through the pressure limiter and the valve.

[0027] In at least one alternative embodiment, the flow controller comprises a check valve, which allows fluid to flow therethrough in only one direction.

[0028] In at least one alternative embodiment, the flow controller comprises a temperature limiter cartridge, which prevents flow of fluid therethrough when the temperature of the fluid entering the valve reaches predetermined temperature.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0029] The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a first cross sectional view of a first embodiment of a valve in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, showing the valve in a closed condition and the pressure limiter cartridge, used as the valve cartridge in the valve, in an open condition;

Figure 2 is a second cross sectional view of the valve shown in Figure 1, showing the valve in an open condition and the pressure limiter cartridge in an open condition;

Figure 3 is an exploded cross sectional view of the valve shown in Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a first exploded perspective view of the valve shown in Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a second exploded perspective view of the valve shown in Figure 1;

Figure 6A is a perspective view of the ball of the valve shown in Figure 1;

Figures 6B is a first cross sectional view of the ball and flow controller of the valve shown in Figure 1;

Figure 6C is an exploded cross sectional view of the ball and flow controller shown in Figure 6B;

Figure 7A is a first perspective of a first embodiment of the pressure limiter cartridge used as the valve cartridge in the valve shown in Figure 1;

Figure 7B is a second perspective view of the pressure limiter cartridge shown in Figure 7A;

Figure 7C is a first exploded view of the pressure limiter cartridge shown in Figure 7A;

Figure 7D is a second exploded view of the pressure limiter cartridge shown in Figure 7A;

Figure 7E is a cutaway perspective view of the pressure limiter cartridge shown in Figure 7A;

Figure 7F is a first cross sectional side view of a second embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge that may be used as the valve cartridge in the valve shown in Figure 1, showing the pressure limiter cartridge being assembled;

Figure 7G is a second cross sectional side view of the pressure limiter cartridge shown in Figure 7F, showing the pressure limiter cartridge in a closed condition;

Figure 7H is a first cross sectional side view of a third embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge that may be used as the valve cartridge in the valve shown in Figure 1, showing the pressure limiter cartridge in an open condition;

Figure 71 is a second cross sectional side view of the pressure limiter cartridge shown in Figure 7H, showing the pressure limiter cartridge in a closed condition;

Figure 7J is a first cross sectional side view of a fourth embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge that may be used as the valve cartridge in the valve shown in Figure 1, showing the pressure limiter cartridge being assembled;

Figure 7K is a second cross sectional side view of the pressure limiter cartridge shown in Figure 7J, showing the pressure limiter cartridge in a closed condition;

Figure 8 is a cross sectional view of a second embodiment of a valve in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, showing the valve in an open condition and the pressure limiter cartridge, used as the valve cartridge in the valve, in an open condition;

Figure 9 is a first cross sectional view of a third embodiment of a valve in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, showing the valve in a closed condition and the pressure limiter cartridge, used as the valve cartridge in the valve, in an open condition;

Figure 10 is a second cross sectional view of the valve shown in Figure 9, showing the valve in an open condition and the pressure limiter cartridge in an open condition;

Figure 11 is a first exploded perspective view of the valve shown in Figure 9;

Figure 12 is a second exploded perspective view of the valve shown in Figure 9;

Figure 13 is a first cross sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a valve in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, showing the valve in a closed condition and the check valve, used as the valve cartridge in the valve, in a closed condition;

Figure 14 is a second cross sectional view of the valve shown in Figure 13, showing the valve in an open condition and the check valve in a closed condition;

Figure 15 is an exploded cross sectional view of the valve shown in Figure 13;

Figure 16 is a first exploded perspective view of the valve shown in Figure 13;

Figure 17 is a second exploded perspective view of the valve shown in Figure 13;

Figure 18 is a first cross sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a valve in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, showing the valve in an open condition and the temperature limiter cartridge, used as the valve cartridge in the valve, in an open condition;

Figure 19 is a second cross sectional view of the valve shown in Figure 18, showing the valve in an open condition and the temperature limiter cartridge, used as the valve cartridge in the valve, in a closed condition;

Figure 20 is an exploded cross sectional view of the valve shown in Figure 18;

Figure 21 is a first exploded perspective view of the valve shown in Figure 18;

Figure 22 is a second exploded perspective view of the valve shown in Figure 18; and

Figure 23 an exploded view of the temperature limiter cartridge of the valve shown in Figure 18.

Description of Embodiments

[0030] The same reference numerals are used to denote the same or equivalent parts in the embodiments described herein. Such parts that are described with reference to one or more embodiments are not again described with reference to the other embodiments described herein. It is to be understood that the description of such parts and their use and operation with reference to such one or more embodiment/s also applies to the other embodiment/s.

FIRST EMBODIMENT - FLOW CONTROLLER: PRESSURE LIMITER

[0031] In Figures 1 to 5, there is shown a first embodiment of a valve 1. The valve 1 comprises a valve body 212, a ball 218 and a valve cartridge 220, the valve body 212 having an inlet 214 and an outlet 216. The valve cartridge 220 has a first portion positioned inside the ball 218 and a second portion positioned outside the ball 218. The positioning of the first and second portions of the valve cartridge 220 inside and outside, respectively, the ball 218 can be best seen in Figures 1, 2 and 6B.

[0032] The valve cartridge 220 is provided in the valve body 212. The valve cartridge 220 is retained in the valve body 212. The valve cartridge 220 is retained in a fixed position in the valve body 212. The retention of the valve cartridge 220 in the valve body 212 is provided outside the ball 218.

[0033] The ball 218 is movable in the valve body 212. In use of the valve 1, the ball 218 may be moved to selectively open and close the valve 1 to thereby, respectively, allow or prevent fluid flow through the valve 1 from the inlet 214 to the outlet 216, as will be further described herein.

[0034] The valve cartridge 220 may comprise a flow controller to control the flow of fluid through the valve body 212, as will be further described herein.

[0035] The valve body 212 has an internal space 222. The valve body 212 accommodates the ball 218 and the valve cartridge 220 in the internal space 222. The valve body 212 has a first opening, a second opening, a third opening and a fourth opening. The first, second, third and fourth openings are in fluid communication with the internal space 222. The first opening forms the inlet 214 and the second opening forms the outlet 216. The third opening and the fourth opening can be best seen in Figures 4 and 5, in which the third and fourth openings are identified by reference numerals 224 and 225, respectively. The ball 218 and seals 226 and 228 are inserted into the internal space 222 of the valve body 212 when the valve 1 is assembled. This may be done via the third opening 224. The seal 226 is inserted first, following by the ball 218 and then the seal 228. In the assembled condition of the valve 1, shown in Figures 1 and 2, the third opening 224 is closed by a cover 230. The cover 230 is detachably connected with the valve body 212, e.g. by a screw threaded engagement as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The cover 230 is provided with a screw thread 231a. The valve body 212 is provided with a screw thread 231b adjacent the third opening 224. The screw threads 231a and 231b are engageable to detachably connect the cover 230 and the valve body 212. A thread sealant is provided between the screw threads 231a and 231b, e.g. a thread sealant compound may be used. The thread sealant prevents fluid leaking from the internal space 222 through the screw threaded engagement between the screw threads 231a and 231b. The cover 230 is provided with a pair of tool engagement surfaces, e.g. flat surfaces 230a (best seen in Figures 4 and 5) on the portion of the cover 230 that is outside the valve body 212. The flat surfaces 230a may be engaged with a suitable tool to tighten the cover 230 onto the valve body 212 during assembly of the valve 1 and loosen the cover 230 in the event that the cover 230 is to be removed (e.g. for maintenance or replacement of the internal components). When the cover 230 is attached to the valve body 212, the seal 226 provides a fluid-tight seal between the outer surface of the ball 218 and the surface of the valve body 212 in the internal space 222, and the seal 228 provides a fluid-tight seal between the outer surface of the ball 218 and the surface of the cover 230 in internal space 222. In use of the valve 1, fluid that enters the valve body 212 at the inlet 214 is able to flow through the valve cartridge 220 and the ball 218 to the outlet 216 in circumstances that will be hereinafter described.

[0036] A retainer 232 is provided at the inlet 214. The retainer 232 is detachably connected with the valve body 212 at the inlet 214, e.g. by a screw threaded engagement as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The retainer 232 is provided with an opening 233 for passage of fluid. The retainer 232 is provided with a screw thread 233a. The valve body 212 is provided with a screw thread 233b adjacent the inlet 214. The screw threads 233a and 233b are engageable to detachably connect the retainer 232 and the valve body 212. The retainer 232 is substantially annular in shape. A seal 234 is provided between the valve body 212 and the retainer 232. The seal 234 prevents fluid leaking between the valve body 212 and the retainer 232. The seal 234, for example, may be an O-ring. The retainer 232 acts to retain the valve cartridge 220 in the valve body 212, as will be further described herein.

[0037] The valve cartridge 220 and the valve body 212 are in abutment. The valve cartridge 220 and the retainer 232 are in abutment. The valve cartridge 220 is retained in position in the valve body 212 by the abutment of the valve cartridge 220 with the valve body 212 and the retainer 232. The abutment of the valve cartridge 220 with the valve body 212 and the retainer 232 is provided outside the ball 218.

[0038] The valve cartridge 220 is in abutment with (a portion of) the valve body 212 at a first location of the valve cartridge 220. The valve cartridge 220 is in abutment with the retainer 232 at a second location of the valve cartridge 220. The first location of the valve cartridge 220 is downstream of the second location of the valve cartridge.

[0039] The valve cartridge 220 is in abutment with the valve body 212 at a shoulder 235 of the valve body 212. The shoulder 235 is best seen in Figure 3. The shoulder

235 may be an annular shoulder. The valve cartridge 220 is in abutment with a shoulder 236 of the retainer 232.

[0040] The abutment of the valve cartridge 220 with the valve body 212 and the retainer 232 clamps the portion of the valve cartridge 220, that is between the first and second locations of the valve cartridge 220, between a portion of the valve body 212 and the retainer 232. The portion of the valve body 212 in abutment with the valve cartridge 220 is the shoulder 235. The valve cartridge 220 is thereby retained in position inside the valve body 212.

[0041] A loose nut 237 is provided on the retainer 232. The loose nut 237 is provided with a screw thread 238 which enables the valve 1 to be connected to a fitting in the plumbing installation in which the valve 1 is to be installed. Thereby, the valve 1 is able to be connected to a fluid supply to deliver fluid to the valve 1. The loose nut 237 is provided with a seal 240. The seal 240 ensures a fluid-tight seal between the valve 1 and the fitting in the plumbing installation with which the loose nut 237 is connected.

[0042] The valve body 212 is provided with a screw thread 242 adjacent to the outlet 216. The screw thread 242 enables the valve 1 to be connected to a fitting in the plumbing installation in which the valve 1 is to be installed. Thereby, the valve 1 is able to be connected to the plumbing installation to deliver fluid from the valve 1 to one or more desired locations.

[0043] Whilst the valve 1 has been described and shown with a loose nut 237 at the inlet 214 and a screw thread 242 at the outlet 216 as connectors that connect the valve 1 to in the plumbing installation, it is to be understood that these are exemplary only and that any suitable type of connectors may be used to connect the valve 1 to the plumbing installation.

[0044] The fourth opening 225 of the valve body 212 is provided in a section 244 of the valve body 212.

[0045] The inlet 214 and the outlet 216 are arranged such that they are substantially at a right angle to one another. The valve body 212 comprises two sections, namely a first section 246 and a second section 248. The first and second sections 246 and 248 are substantially at a right angle to one another. The first section 246 of the valve body 212 is provided with the inlet 214. The ball 218 is provided in the first section 246. The second section 248 of the valve body 212 is provided with the outlet 216.

[0046] The valve 1 further comprises a handle 250. The handle 250 is rotatable. A pin (or stem) 252 is located in the section 244 of the valve body 12. The pin 252 has a portion that extends from the section 244 and engages with the handle 250. The handle 250 is connected to the pin 252. The handle 250 is detachably connected to the pin 252, e.g. by a screw 254. The pin 252 has a flange 256 which abuts with a shoulder 258 in the internal space 222 of the valve body 212. The shoulder 258 may be an annular shoulder. The pin 252 is provided with one or more seals 260. The seals 260 seal against the inside surface of the section 244 of the valve body 212. The seals 260 for example, may be O-rings. The seals 260 prevent fluid leaking from the internal space 222 between the section 244 and the pin 252. A lug 262 extends from the section 244 of the valve body 212. The lug 262 extends outwardly in a substantially radial direction. The lug 262 acts as a stop to limit rotation of the handle 252 between first and second positions that correspond to the closed and open conditions of the valve 1, as will be further described herein. One end (a first end) 264 of the pin 252 engages with the ball 218. The screw 254 is received at the other end (a second end) 266 of the pin 252. The ball 218 is provided with a recess 268. The end 264 of the pin 252 engages in the recess 268 of the ball 218. Preferably, the handle 250 is able to rotate through substantially 900 between the closed and open conditions of the valve 1. The handle 250 is manually operable to thereby rotate the ball 218 between and open conditions and a closed condition of the valve 1.

[0047] The ball 218 can be seen separated from the other components of the valve 1 in Figures 4, 5, 6A and 6C. The ball 218 has an internal cavity 270. The ball 218 is provided with at least two openings, namely a first opening 272 and a second opening 274. The openings 272 and 274 communicate with the cavity 270 of the ball 218. The openings 272 and 274 are in fluid communication with ones another via the cavity 270. The first opening 272 is an inlet and the second opening 274 is an outlet. In use, fluid is able to flow into the cavity 270 via the first opening (inlet) 272 and exit the cavity via the second opening (outlet) 274. The openings 272 and 274 of the ball 218 are arranged at substantially a right angle to one another. The ball 218 is substantially spherical, with a respective spherical cap removed from the ball 218 to form the first and second openings 272 and 274. This is best seen in Figures 4, 6A and 6C. The recess 268 and the first opening 272 are diametrally opposed. In the open condition of the valve 1 (shown in Figure 2), the seal 226 surrounds the second opening 274 and the seal 226 is in sealing contact with the surface of the ball 218 around the second opening 274. This ensures that fluid exiting from the ball 218 is able to flow only to the outlet 216 (through the second section 248). In the closed condition of the valve 1

(shown in Figure 2), the opening 274 is turned away from the second opening 274. In the closed condition of the valve 1, the seal 226 surrounds a portion of the surface of the ball 218. Consequently, fluid is not able to exit the ball 218 and flow into the second section 248 (and to the outlet 216); fluid is not able to flow through the valve 1 form the inlet 214 to the outlet 216.

[0048] In assembly of the valve 1, the pin 252 is inserted into the section 244. The handle 250 is connected to the pin 252 by the screw 254. The seal 226 is then positioned in the internal space 222 in abutment with the valve body 212, followed by the ball 218. The seal 226 is in sealing contact with the surface of the ball 218. The end 264 of the pin 252 is engaged in the recess 268 of the ball 218. The seal 228 may then be positioned inside the cover 230. The cover 230 is then connected to the body 212 (via the screw threads 231a and 231b). In this way, the seal 228 is inserted into the internal space 222. The seal 228 is in sealing contact with the surface of the ball 218. The valve cartridge 220 is inserted into the valve body 212 via the inlet 214. a portion of the valve cartridge 220 is poisoned in the ball 218 (i.e. in the cavity 270 of the ball 218. The retainer 232 (with the loose nut 237 fitted on the retainer 232) is connected to the valve body 212 via the screw threads 233a and 233b. The valve cartridge 220 is retained in position, as will be further described herein.

Valve Cartridge - Pressure Limiter

[0049] In Figures 1 to 5, 6B and 6C (in relation to the valve 1), the valve cartridge 220 comprises a flow controller, to control the flow of fluid through the valve body 212, in the form of a pressure limiter cartridge 220. (The pressure limiter cartridge is also referred to herein as a pressure limiter.) The pressure limiter cartridge 220 limits the pressure of fluid that is able to flow through the pressure limiter 220. Consequently, pressure limiter cartridge 220 limits the pressure of fluid that is able to flow through the valve 1.

[0050] Figures 7A to 7E show a first embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220, Figures 7F and 7G show a second embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220a, Figures 7H and 71 show a third embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220b and Figures 7J and 7K show a fourth embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220c. The pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c of the second third and fourth embodiments are substantially similar to the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment, except as hereinafter described.

Pressure Limiter - First Embodiment (Spring Included)

[0051] In Figures 7A to 7E, there is shown a first embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220. The pressure limiter cartridge 220 comprising a body 10 and a valve piston (also referred to herein as a piston) 12. The body 10 has a sealing body portion a. The sealing body portion 10a, as will be further described herein. The body 10 is provided with a valve seat 14. The piston 12 has a first end 16 and a second end 18. The piston 12 is open at the first end 16. The piston 12 is closed at the second end 18. An internal space 20 is provided in the piston 12. The internal space is provided between the first and second ends 16 and 18 of the piston 12. A piston support 22 supports the piston 12. The piston 12 is under bias such that the piston 12 is biased away from the valve seat 14 to a first position, as will be further described herein. In the first position, the piston 12 is spaced from the valve seat 14. The first position of the piston 12 is also referred to herein as the first (open) position and the open position. In use, in the first position, fluid is able to flow through the pressure limiter cartridge 220, as will be further described herein. In use, the first end 16 of the piston 12 is able to seat on the valve seat 14 in a second (closed) position, when the piston is subjected to sufficient pressure to counter the bias, as will also be further described herein. The second position of the piston 12 is also referred to herein as the second (closed) position and the closed position

[0052] The piston 12 has an opening 23 at the first end 16. The piston 12 has an end wall 24 at the second end 18. The end wall 24 closes the second end 18. The piston 12 is provided with a bevelled (e.g. frusto-conical) flange 26 at the first end 16. The bevelled flange 26 tapers outwardly in the direction from the first end 16 to the second end 18 of the piston 12. The piston 12 is provided with a bevelled edge 28 at the second end 18.

[0053] The piston 12 is supported by the piston support 22 such that it can move along the piston support 22, i.e. the piston 12 is movably supported on the piston support 22. The piston 12 is able to move along the piston support in a sliding manner, i.e. the piston 12 is slidably supported on the piston support 22.

[0054] The body 10 is provided with the piston support 22.

[0055] The body 10 comprises the sealing body portion 10a and the piston support 22.

[0056] The piston 12 is provided with a seating surface 30 at the first end 16. The seating surface 30 is shaped to match the shape of the valve seat 14. Typically, the valve seat 14 and the seating surface 30 each have a ring or annular shape. In use of the pressure limiter cartridge 220, the seating surface 30 at the first end 16 of the piston 12 is able to seat on the valve seat 14 of the body 10 in the second (closed) position of the piston 12.

[0057] The body 10 has a first, or inlet, end 32. A first opening 34 is provided at the first end 32. An abutment surface 35 is provided at the first end 32. The abutment surface 35 is substantially annular. The first opening 34 forms the inlet of the pressure limiter cartridge 220. A passage, or flow-way, 36 extends through the body 10 from the first opening 34 to a second opening 38. The passage 36 extends through the sealing body portion 10a. The wall 40 of the passage 36 may be sloped whereby it is substantially frusto-conical in shape such that the wall 40 of the passage 36 slopes inwardly (i.e. it narrows) in the direction from the first opening 34 to the second opening 38.

[0058] The piston support 22 has a first (distal) end 42 and a second (proximal) end 44.

[0059] The second opening 38 is located adjacent to the second end 44 of the piston support 22. The sealing body portion 10a extends from the first end 32 of the body 10 to the second opening 38. One or more openings 46 (best seen in Figures 7A and 7B) are provided in the piston support 22 near the second end 44. In the drawings, the piston support 22 is provided with two such openings 46. The opening/s 46 form the outlet/s of the pressure limiter cartridge 220.

[0060] The piston support 22 is provided with an opening 48 at the first end 42. A wall is provided inside the piston support 22. The wall 50 is best seen in Figure 7E (and Figures 7F and 7G showing a second embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220a hereinafter described). The wall 50 divides the space inside the piston support 22 into two sections. An internal space 52 is formed between the first end 42 and the wall 50. Another space 54 (best seen in Figures 7F and 7G) is provided between the second end 44 of the piston support 22 and the wall 50. The passage 36 and the space 54 are in fluid communication via the second opening 38.

[0061] A fluid flow path is formed from the first opening 34, through the passage 36 to the second opening 38 and the space 54 to the openings 46.

[0062] The piston support 22 is provided with at least one seal 56, for example an 0 ring, on its external surface 58. However, the piston support 22 may be provided with one or more additional seals, such as the seal 60, for example an 0-ring, shown in the drawings. However, given the relatively small dimensions of the piston support 22, two seals 56 and 60 would usually be the most that would be accommodated on the piston support 22.

[0063] The first seal 56 is located adjacent to the first end 42 of the piston support 22. The second seal 60 is located adjacent to the openings 46.

[0064] The first end 42 of the piston support 22 is received, via the opening 23 at the first end 16 of the piston 12, in the internal space 20 of the piston 12 such that the piston 12 is mounted on the piston support 22. The internal surface 62 of the piston 12 contacts the seals 56 and 60 such that fluid cannot pass beyond the seals 56 and 60 into the internal space 20 of the piston 12 or the internal space 52 of the piston support 22.

[0065] A confined space is formed by the piston 12 and the piston support 22. Since the piston support 22 has an opening at the first end 42 and since the piston 12 is supported on the piston support 22, the confined space comprises a portion of the internal space 20 of the piston 12 and the internal space 52 of the piston support 52. The volume of the confined space is variable. The volume of the confined space formed by the portion of the internal space 20 and the internal space 52 varies between a maximum volume when the piston 12 is at the first position and a minimum volume when the piston 12 is at the second position.

[0066] The valve seat 14 is positioned proximate the second end 44 of the piston support 22. The valve seat 14 is positioned on a projecting portion 66 of the body 10. The valve seat 14 is positioned on the sealing body portion 10a. The sealing body portion 10a is provided with the projecting portion 66. The projecting portion 66 is best seen in Figure 7E. The second end 44 of the piston support 22 abuts with the projecting portion 66. The valve seat 14 may be provided as an 0-ring.

[0067] The piston support 22 extends from the sealing body portion 10a. The piston support 22 extends from the sealing body portion 10a at the projecting portion 66. The second end 44 of the piston support 22 is provided adjacent the sealing body portion a. The second end 44 of the piston support 22 is provided adjacent the sealing body portion 10a at the projecting portion 66. The piston support 22 has one or more portions 67 that extend from the sealing body portion 10a to the wall 50, as best seen in Figure 7D. In the drawings, the piston support 22 is provided with two such portions 67.

[0068] The pressure limiter cartridge 220 further comprises a valve seat retainer 68 to retain the valve seat 14 in position. The valve seat retainer 68 comprises a ring 70 having lugs 72 extending from a first face 74 of the ring 70. The lugs 72 have ends 76 spaced from the ring 70. The ends 76 of the lugs 72 are turned inwardly such that they engage in a groove 78 on the body 10 to attach the valve seat retainer 68 to the body 10. The (circular) inner surface 80 of the ring 70 abuts the (circular) outer surface 82 of the valve seat 14. In this way the valve seat retainer 68 retains the valve seat 14 in position on the projecting portion 66 of the body 10 proximate the second end 44 of the piston support 22. This is best seen in Figure 7E.

[0069] The pressure limiter cartridge 220 further comprises a piston retainer 83 to retain the piston 12 on the piston support 22. The piston retainer 83 comprises lugs 84 extending from a second face 86 of the ring 70. The first and second faces 74 and 86 of the ring 70 are opposed. The lugs 84 have ends 88 spaced from the ring 70. The ends 88 of the lugs 84 are turned inwardly and are positioned behind the bevelled flange 26 of the piston 12. Since the piston 12 is biased away from the valve seat 14 to an open position, in the fully open position the ends 88 of the lugs 84 abut the bevelled flange 26 at the first end 16 of the piston. The piston 12 is thereby retained on the piston support 22.

[0070] The body 10 is provided with a seal 90 near the first end 32. The seal 90 is provided at an outer surface of the body 10. The seal 90 is positioned in a groove 91 on the body 10 near the first end 32. The seal 90 and the groove 91 are provided on the sealing body portion 10a. The groove 91 is best seen in Figure 7E. The seal 90, for example, may be an 0-ring.

[0071] The pressure limiter cartridge 220 further comprises a spring 93. The spring 93 is provided between the piston 12 and piston support 22. In particular, the spring 93 is provided in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and the piston support 22. A first end 94 of the spring 93 abuts the end wall 24 of the piston 12 and a second end of the spring 93 abuts the wall 50 inside the piston support 22.

[0072] The piston 12 is biased away from the valve seat 14 to an open position by the spring 93 and by air contained in the internal space 20 of the piston 12 and the internal space 52 of the piston support 22. Thus, the spring 93 and air contained in the internal space 20 of the piston 12 and the internal space 52 of the piston support 22 provide a biasing force to bias the piston 12 biased away from the valve seat 14 to an open position.

Pressure Limiter - Second Embodiment (Open Ended Piston Support)

[0073] In Figures 7F and 7G, there is shown a second embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220a. The pressure limiter cartridge 220a of the second embodiment is similar to the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment, except that the pressure limiter cartridge 220a omits the spring 93.

[0074] The pressure limiter cartridge 2220a of the second embodiment is suitable for applications in which a lesser biasing force is required than is provided when a spring 93 is included in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and the piston support 22.

[0075] The pressure limiter cartridge 220a of the second embodiment may be used in the valve 1 as an alternative to the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment.

Pressure Limiter - Third Embodiment (Solid Piston Support)

[0076] In Figures 7H and 71, there is shown a third embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220b.

[0077] Figure 7H shows the pressure limiter cartridge 220b in the fully open condition. In this condition (as is the case in the other embodiments described herein when the pressure limiter cartridge is in the open condition), the piston 12 is in the first (open) position). Figure 71 shows the pressure limiter cartridge 220b in the closed condition. In this condition (as is the case in the other embodiments described herein when the pressure limiter cartridge is in the closed condition), the piston 12 is in the second (closed) position.

[0078] The pressure limiter cartridge 220b of the third embodiment is similar to the pressure limiter cartridge 220a of the second embodiment, except that the piston support 22a of the pressure limiter cartridge 220b has a solid portion (whereas in the pressure limiter cartridge 220a of the second embodiment, the corresponding portion is not solid since the corresponding portion of the pressure limiter cartridge 220a is the internal space 52). Consequently, the piston support 22a of the pressure limiter cartridge 220b does not have an opening 48 at the first end 42 and does not have an internal space 52. Instead, the piston support 22a of the pressure limiter cartridge 220b has a first face 92a at the first end 42 and a second face 92b. The second face 92b is provided at one end of the space 54 (in similar manner to the wall 50 of the valve cartridge 1). Thereby, the space 54 is provided between the second end 44 of the piston support 22a and the second face 92b of the piston support 22a.

[0079] The pressure limiter cartridge 220b of the third embodiment may be used in the valve 1 as an alternative to the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment.

Pressure Limiter - Fourth Embodiment (Hollow Piston Support)

[0080] In Figures 7J and 7K, there is shown a fourth embodiment of a pressure limiter cartridge 220c.

[0081] Figure 7J shows the pressure limiter cartridge 220c with the piston 12 about to be mounted on the piston support 22b. Figure 7K shows the pressure limiter cartridge 220c in the closed condition. In this condition, the piston 12 is in the second (closed) position.

[0082] The pressure limiter cartridge 220c of the fourth embodiment is similar to the pressure limiter cartridge 220a of the second embodiment, except that the piston support 22b of the valve cartridge lb is provided with a wall 50b at the first end 42 of the piston support 22b. An internal space 52b is formed inside the piston support 22b between the walls 50 and 50b. Thereby, the piston support 22b is hollow. The internal space 52b of the piston support 22b is isolated from the internal space 20 of the piston 12 by the wall 50b.

[0083] The pressure limiter cartridge 220c of the fourth embodiment may be used in the valve 1 as an alternative to the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment.

Pressure Limiter - Biasing Action of the Air in the Piston and Piston Support

[0084] As herein before described, in the first embodiment of the pressure limiter cartridge 220, the spring 93 and air contained in the internal space 20 of the piston 12 and the internal space 52 of the piston support 22 provide a biasing force to bias the piston 12 away from the valve seat 14 to an open position.

[0085] The biasing force, or biasing action, of the spring 93 is determined by the spring force of the spring 93.

[0086] Biasing force is also provided by the air contained in the internal spaces 20 of 52 of the pressure limiter cartridge 220. In the second, third and fourth embodiments of the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c, the biasing force is provided only by the by the air contained in the internal spaces 20 of 52 (since the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c do not have a spring 93).

[0087] It is convenient to refer to Figures 7F and 7G, showing the second embodiment of the pressure limiter cartridge 220a, to describe how air contained in the internal space 20 of the piston 12 and the internal space 52 of the piston support 22 provide a biasing force to bias the piston 12 biased away from the valve seat 14 to an open position in the pressure limiter cartridges 220, 220a, 220b and 220c.

[0088] In that regard, Figure 7F shows the pressure limiter cartridge 220a with the piston 12 about to be mounted on the piston support 22. The first end 42 of the piston support 22 is received in the internal space 20 of the piston 12 and the first end 16 of the piston 12 is positioned adjacent to the seal 56 on the piston support 22. This relative position of the piston 12 and piston support 22 corresponds to the initial volume of air (Vi) in the confined space formed by the piston 12 and piston support 22. This initial volume substantially equates to the sum of volumes of the internal spaces and 52 of the piston 12 and piston support 22, respectively, at ambient pressure. Once the first end 16 of the piston 12 passes over the seal 56, air cannot escape from the internal confined space that is confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22. As the piston 12 passes further over the piston support 22, the first end 42 of the piston support 22 is received further into the internal space 20 of the piston. As this occurs, the volume of the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 reduces. As the volume of the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 reduces, the air in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 is compressed. This compressed air biases the piston 12 away from the valve seat 14 to the open (first) position. With continued movement of the piston 12 further over the piston support 22, the first end 16 of the piston 12 will pass over the second seal 60 on the piston support 22 and then pass past the bevelled flange 26, at the first end 16 of the piston 12. At that point, the ends 88 of the lugs 84 of the piston retainer 83 abut behind the bevelled flange 26. This abutment of the ends 88 of the lugs 84 with the bevelled flange 26 retains the piston 12 on the piston support 22. Due to the retention of the piston 12 on the piston support 22, the biasing action of the compressed air in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 cannot displace the piston 12 off the piston support 22. This is the fully open position of the piston 12 and is shown in various figures in the drawings of the first and other embodiments, including Figures 1, 2, 6A and 7.

[0089] If the piston 12 is moved further toward the seal 14, against the biasing action of the compressed air in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22, the volume of the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 further reduces. In addition, the air in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 is further compressed further. The limit of travel of the piston 12 will be reached when the first end 16 of the piston 12 seats on (i.e. abuts) the seal 14.

[0090] As herein before described, in use, the first end 16 of the piston 12 is able to seat on the valve seat 14 of the body 10 in a second (closed) position. The closed position of the valve cartridge 1 is shown in Figure 5B. In the closed position of the valve cartridge 1, the seating surface 30, at the first end 16 of the piston 12, seats (i.e. abuts) on the seal 14.

[0091] This relative position of the piston 12 and piston support 22 corresponds to the minimum volume of air (V 2) in the space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22. It also corresponds to the maximum compression of air in the confined space. In contrast, the maximum volume of air and minimum compression of air in the confined space occurs when the piston 12 is in the first position.

Positioning and Retention of the Pressure Limiter in the Valve

[0092] Since the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c of the second, third and fourth embodiments are substantially similar to the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment, the following description will be with reference to the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment being in the valve 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 5. However, it is to be understood that the following description of the positioning and retention of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 also applies to the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c.

[0093] A first portion of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is positioned inside the ball 218 and a second portion of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is positioned outside the ball 218 (as can be best seen in Figures 1, 2 and 6B).

[0094] In the valve 1 shown in the drawings, in the open condition of the pressure limiter 220, approximately half the length of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is positioned inside the ball 218 and approximately half the length of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is positioned outside the ball 218 (inside the valve body 212). The lengthwise dimension of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 extends from the first end 32 of the body 10 to the end wall 24 at the second end 18 of the piston 12.

[0095] The first portion of the pressure limiter cartridge 220, which is positioned inside the ball 218, comprises substantially the portion from the wall 50 of the piston support 22 to the end wall 24 (at the second end 18) of the piston 12. The end wall 24 of the piston 12 is located innermost in the ball 218. The first portion of the pressure limiter cartridge 220, which is positioned inside the ball 218, extends substantially all the way into the cavity 270 inside the ball 218 to the inner surface, inside the ball 218, that is spaced from the first opening 272. The end wall 24 of the piston 12 is spaced a short distance from the inner surface, inside the ball 218, that is spaced from the first opening 272.

[0096] The second portion of the pressure limiter cartridge 220, which is positioned outside the ball 218, comprises substantially the portion from the wall 50 of the piston support 22 to the first end 32 of the body 10 of the pressure limiter cartridge 220.

[0097] The first location of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 at which the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is in abutment with the valve body 212 is at the second face 86 of the ring 70 of the valve seat retainer 68. The second location of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 at which the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is in abutment with the retainer 232 is the first end 32 of the body 10.

[0098] The portion of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 between the second face 86 of the ring 70 of the valve seat retainer 68 (i.e. the first location of the pressure limiter cartridge 220) and the first end 32 of the body 10 (i.e. the second location of the pressure limiter cartridge 220) is clamped between the shoulder 235 of the valve body 212 and the shoulder 236 of the retainer 232. The pressure limiter cartridge 220 is thereby retained in position inside the valve body 212.

[0099] The seal 90 of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 forms a seal between the pressure limiter cartridge 220 and the retainer 232. The seal 90 is in sealing contact with the inner surface of the retainer 232. The seal 90 prevents fluid passing between the retainer 232 and the pressure limiter cartridge 220.

Use and Operation

[00100] The valve 1, for example, may be used in a plumbing installation as a combination of isolation valve and pressure limiting valve functions.

[00101] The valve 1 may be installed, for example, in a domestic kitchen plumbing installation between a water supply line and the inlet of an appliance, such as, for example, a tap or faucet, a water filter, a dishwasher, or a washing machine.

[00102] To install the valve 1, the water flow in the water supply line is shut off, which may be done, for example, using the boundary stop cock of the property. At this point, the handle 250 may be turned to close the valve 1. The valve 1 is shown in the closed condition in Figure 1. The inlet 214 of the valve 1 is then connected to the water supply line via a connector, i.e. via the loose nut 237. The outlet 216 is connected to a delivery conduit in the plumbing installation via a connector, i.e. via the screw thread 242 at the outlet 216. The delivery conduit delivers water from the valve 1 to one or more locations, as required, in the plumbing installation.

[00103]In the closed condition of the valve 1, the ball 218 is orientated such that the second opening 274 is not aligned with the outlet 216. In the closed condition of the valve 1, the ball 218 is orientated such that a portion of the surface of the ball 218 is aligned with the outlet 216. This can be seen in Figure 1. The handle 250 may be provided with markings (not shown) that show the respective directions in which handle 250 should be turned to close and open the valve 1. Once the connection to the outlet 216 has been made, the boundary stop cock of the property may be reopened to restore the water supply. The handle 250 is then turned to open the valve 1. The valve 1 is shown in the open condition in Figure 2. In the open condition of the valve 1, the ball 218 is orientated such that the second opening 274 is aligned with the outlet 216. the open condition of the valve 1 is the normal operating condition of the valve 1. However, the valve 1 may be closed if required, e.g. to performance maintenance in the plumbing location at a location downstream of the valve 1.

[00104] The pressure limiter cartridge 220 functions to limit the pressure of fluid that is able to flow through the pressure limiter cartridge 220 (to the downstream side of the valve 1) to a maximum set pressure, i.e. the pressure limiter cartridge 220 limits the downstream pressure to the set pressure of the pressure limiter cartridge 220, such that the downstream pressure of the fluid cannot exceed the set pressure. The set pressure of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is a predetermined pressure that may be selected and set at the time of manufacture of the pressure limiter cartridge 220. The set pressure of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is determined by the biasing force, or biasing action, of the spring 93 and the air contained in the internal spaces 20 of 52 of the pressure limiter cartridge 220.

[00105] The pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c (of the second, third and fourth embodiments, respectively,) also function to limit the pressure of fluid that is able to flow through the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c (to the downstream side of the valve 1) to a maximum set pressure, as herein before described with reference to the pressure limiter cartridge 220. However, in the case of the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c, the set pressure of the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c is determined by the biasing force, or biasing action, of the air contained in the internal spaces 20 of 52 of the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c.

[00106] The further description herein of the use and operation of the valve 1 will be with reference to the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment. However, it is to be understood that the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c operate in an analogous manner.

[00107] When all taps, faucets, appliances and other outlet devices in the plumbing installation that are downstream of the valve 1 are closed, no fluid passes through the valve 1. The piston 12 of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 is in the second (closed) position. This is shown in Figure 71, in which the piston 12 seats on the valve seat 14. In this condition, the outlet pressure (i.e. the fluid pressure, from the fluid in the plumbing installation, that acts on the outlet side of the seal 14) acts on the piston 12 to maintain the piston 12 in the second (closed) position. Whilst the spring 93 exerts a spring force and the compressed air in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 exert a force opposed to the outlet pressure, the outlet pressure is greater than the spring force and the force of the compressed air. Consequently, the piston 12 is forced to the second (closed) position by the outlet pressure and fluid cannot flow through the valve 1.

[00108] When a tap, faucet, appliance or other outlet device, in the plumbing installation, that is downstream of the valve 1 is opened, the outlet pressure starts to decrease. The decrease in the outlet pressure results in the outlet pressure no longer being strong enough to force the piston 12 to the second (closed) condition in which the seating surface 30 abuts the seal 14. As a consequence, the piston 12 moves along the piston support 22 in the direction toward the outlet side (i.e. away from the seal 14); in addition, the spring 93 and the air in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 become less compressed. Consequently, their biasing force acts to move the piston 12 away from the valve seat 14 to open the pressure limiter cartridge 220. The piston 12 finds a new equilibrium. Figure 2 shows the pressure limiter cartridge 220 in the fully open condition. Fluid is able to flow through the pressure limiter cartridge 220. In particular, fluid is able to flow from the fluid supply line and through the opening 233 (in the retainer 232) and into the first opening 34 of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 (at the inlet 214 of the valve 1) and the passage 36, through the second opening 38 and the openings 46, past the valve seat 14. The fluid then flows into the internal cavity 270 in the ball 218, the second section 248 of the valve body 212 and then exits the valve 1 via the outlet 216. The fluid is then delivered (via the delivery conduit) to tap, faucet, appliance or other outlet device, in the plumbing installation, that was opened. Fluid is also able to enter into the portion of the internal space 222 between the valve body 212, the cover 230 and the pin 252. However, the fluid is not able to escape therefrom (other than via the outlet 216) due to the seals as hereinbefore described. When the tap, faucet, appliance or other outlet device is closed again, the outlet pressure exceeds the spring force and the force of the compressed air and the piston 12 is forced to the second (closed) position, as herein before described. Fluid cannot flow through the valve 1.

[00109] The set pressure (or set maximum pressure) of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 (and hence the valve 1) indicates the maximum pressure (as measured at the outlet 214) at which fluid is able to flow through the valve 1.

[00110] The set pressure is set at the time of manufacture of the pressure limiter cartridge 220/220a/220b/220c. In the case of a pressure limiter cartridge 220, this is most readily done by selecting a spring 93 with a suitable spring force to achieve the required set pressure for the pressure limiter cartridge 220 and the valve 1. For example, a spring 93 with a relatively higher spring force would be selected to achieve a higher set pressure; conversely, a spring 93 with a lower spring force would be selected to achieve a lower set pressure.

[00111] The valve 1, shown in Figures 1 to 5, may have a pressure limiter cartridge 220a, 220b or 220c the second, third or fourth embodiments instead of the pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment. In the case of the second, third and embodiments of the pressure limiter cartridge 220a, 220b or 220c, which do not have a spring 93, the use and operation of a pressure limiter cartridge 220a, 220b or 220c in a valve 1 is the same as hereinbefore described with reference to the pressure limiter cartridge 220, except that the biasing action of the piston 12 to the first (open) position is provided solely by the compressed air in the internal confined space that is confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22.

[00112]In the case of a pressure limiter cartridge 220a, 220b or 220c, the set pressure is determined by the pressure of the compressed air in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 when the piston 12 is in the second (closed) position. How high the set pressure is will be determined by how much smaller the maximum, i.e. final, volume V 2 is in relative to the initial volume Vi, as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 7F and 7G.

[00113]In the case of pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b or 220c, the set pressure is determined by the pressure of the compressed air in the internal confined space that is confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 when the piston 12 is in the second (closed) position.

[00114]In the pressure limiter cartridges 220a and 220b, the initial volume V' 1 and the final volume V' 2 are both made up of only the internal space 20 of the piston 12 or a portion of the internal space 20, respectively.

[00115] Since the pressure limiter cartridges 220a, 220b and 220c do not have a spring 93, the set pressure cannot be set by selecting a spring 93 with a suitable spring force. However, the set pressure can be selected by varying some of the structural parameters of the pressure limiter cartridge 220a/220b/220c.

[00116] Firstly, the piston 12 may be made longer. In a longer piston 12, the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 has an increased volume. An increased volume means that V2/V1 (V'I/V' 2 in the case of pressure limiter cartridges 220b and 220c) is larger and consequently leads to lower pressure, i.e. the resulting lower compression means that the set pressure is lower.

[00117] Secondly, the piston 12 may be made shorter. In a shorter piston 12, the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 has a decreased volume. A decreased volume means that V2/V1 (V'/V' 2 ) is smaller and consequently leads to higher pressure, i.e. the resulting higher compression means that the set pressure is higher.

[00118] Thirdly, placing an incompressible object, i.e. an insert, into the internal space in the piston 12 or the internal space 52 in the piston support 22. Such an insert decreases the volume of the internal space 20/52 in which it is placed. A decreased volume means that V2/V1 (V'/V' 2 ) is smaller and consequently leads to higher pressure, i.e. the resulting higher compression means that the set pressure is higher.

[00119] Fourthly, the first seal 56 may be relocated on the external surface 58 of the piston support 22. In particular, the seal 56 may be relocated such that it is further from the first end 42 of the piston support 22. This results in the air in the internal space confined by the piston 12 and piston support 22 not being compressed as much. Consequently, V 2 /V1 (V'/V' 2 ) is larger and consequently leads to lower pressure, i.e. the resulting lower compression means that the set pressure is lower.

[00120] Varying one or more of these parameters may be used to obtain the desired set pressure of a pressure limiter cartridge 220a/220b/220c and a valve that incorporates a pressure limiter cartridge 220a/220b/220c.

[00121] Furthermore, one or more of these parameters may be varied to obtain the desired set pressure in a pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment. However, since obtaining the desired set pressure is more readily achieved by selecting a spring 93 with a suitable spring force, that is usually the way the desired set pressure is obtained for a pressure limiter cartridge 220 of the first embodiment.

SECOND EMBODIMENT - FLOW CONTROLLER: PRESSURE LIMITER; SEPARATE CHECK VALVE

[00122]In Figure 8, there is shown a second embodiment of a valve 2. The valve 2 of the second embodiment is similar to the valve 1 of the first embodiment, except that the second section 248 of the valve body 212 of the valve 2 is larger and is provided with a check valve 280. (A check valve, alternatively, may be referred to by other names, e.g. non-return valve or one-way valve.)

[00123] The check valve 280 is retained in a fixed position in the second section 248. To retain the check valve 280 in position, as shown in Figure 8, a snap ring 282 may be provided on the outer surface of the check valve 280 and the snap ring 282 engages in a groove 284 in the inside surface of the second section 248. A seal 286 (e.g. and 0 ring) is provided on the outer surface of the check valve 280 to prevent fluid leaking between the outer surface of the check valve 280 and the inside surface of the second section 248. In other respects, the check valve 280 may be of conventional form and therefor is not further described herein.

[00124]In operation of the valve 2, fluid is able to flow through the check valve 280 only in the direction from the inlet 214 to the outlet 216. Thus, the check valve 280 ensures that fluid is not able to flow in the direction from the outlet 216 to the inlet 214, i.e. the check valve 280 prevents backflow of fluid.

[00125]In other respects, the valve 2 of the second embodiment and its use and operation are similar to the valve 1 of the first embodiment.

[00126] Any of the other embodiments described herein may be provided with a check valve 280 in a second section 248 of the valve body 212.

THIRD EMBODIMENT - FLOW CONTROLLER: PRESSURE LIMITER; TWO OUTLETS

[00127]In Figures 9 to 12, there is shown a third embodiment of a valve 3. The valve 3 of the third embodiment is similar to the valve 1 of the first embodiment, except that the valve 3 has two outlets 216, the ball 218 has two second openings 274 and the cover 230 of the valve 1 is replaced by an outlet fitting 290 for the valve 3.

[00128] The outlet fitting 290 is provided with the second outlet 216. The outlet fitting 290 is provided with a screw thread 242 adjacent to the outlet 216. Accordingly, the outlet fitting 290 is similar in function to the second section 248 in that it has an outlet 216 and it enables the valve 3 to be connected to a fitting in the plumbing installation in which the valve 3 is to be installed. The outlet fitting 290 is provided with a pair of tool engagement surfaces, e.g. flat surfaces 290a (best seen in Figures 11 and 12) on the portion of the outlet fitting 290 that is outside the valve body 212 (namely, on the portion of the outlet fitting 290 between the screw threads 231a and 242). The flat surfaces 290a may be engaged with a suitable tool to tighten the outlet fitting 290 onto the valve body 212 during assembly of the valve 3 and loosen the outlet fitting 290 in the event that the outlet fitting 290 is to be removed (e.g. for maintenance or replacement of the internal components).

[00129] The ball 218 has two second openings 274 such that, in use, fluid can flow through the pressure limiter cartridge 220 and flow out of the ball 218 via both of the second openings 274 and then out of the valve 3 via a respective one of the two outlets 216.

[00130] Providing the valve 3 with two outlets 216 allows fluid to exit the valve 3 from two separate outlets 216 to be directed to the desired locations in the plumbing installation.

[00131]In other respects, the valve 3 of the second embodiment and its use and operation are similar to the valve 1 of the first embodiment.

[00132] Any of the other embodiments described herein may be provided with two outlets 214, a ball 218 that has two second openings 274 and an outlet fitting 290 (with a second outlet 216) in place of the cover 230 of the valve 1, as in the valve 3 of the third embodiment.

FOURTH EMBODIMENT - FLOW CONTROLLER: CHECK VALVE

[00133]In Figures 13 to 17, there is shown a fourth embodiment of a valve 4. The valve 4 of the fourth embodiment is similar to the valve 1 of the first embodiment, except that in the valve 4 the valve cartridge comprises a flow controller, to control the flow of fluid through the valve body 212, in the form of a check valve 300; in addition, the valve body 212 has an alternative structure.

[00134] The check valve 300 allows fluid to flow through the check valve 300 in only one direction. Consequently, fluid is able to flow through the valve 4 in only one direction. The check valve 300 may be of substantially conventional form and operation. Accordingly, the check valve 300 will be described only briefly to facilitate an understanding of its use in the valve 4.

[00135] The check valve 300 comprises a body 302, a movable piston 304, a spring 306 and a valve seat 308. The piston 304 has a piston head 310. The spring 306 biases the piston 304 to seat the piston head 310 on the valve seat 308 to close the check valve 300. The closed condition of the check valve 300 is shown in Figures 13, 14 and 15.

[00136] The check valve 300 further comprises a seal 312. The seal 312 is provided at the outer surface of the body 302. The seal 312 is provided near a first end 314 of the body 302. The first end 314 is spaced from a second end of the body 302. The seal 312 is positioned in a groove in the body 302. The seal 312, for example, may be an -ring.

[00137] The check valve 300 further comprises one or more stops. The stops abut with the valve body 212, as will be further described herein. The stops are provided on the body 302. The stops may be provided in the form of flared lugs or barbs 318, which are best seen in Figures 16 and 17.

[00138] The check valve 300 is arranged such that the piston head 310 faces the upstream direction of fluid flow. This can be best seen in Figures 13 and 14 in which the piston head 310 faces the inlet 214.

[00139] Regarding the alternative structure of the valve body 212 of the valve 4, whereas the valve 1 (of the first embodiment) has a second section 248 that is formed as a single piece with the reminder of the valve body 212 and a detachable cover 230 that closes the third opening 224 of the valve body 212, the valve body 212 of the valve 4 has a different arrangement. In particular, the second section of the valve body 212 in the valve 4 (identified by reference numeral 248a in the drawings) is detachably connected with the reminder of the valve body 212 (namely the first section 246), e.g. by a screw threaded engagement as shown in Figures 13 and 14. The second section 248a and the valve body 212 may be provided with respective screw threads similar to the screw threads 231a and 231b of the cover 230 and valve body in the valve 1 of the first embodiment. These same reference numerals have been used to identify these screw threads in the drawings (Figures 16 and 17) of the valve 4. In the valve 4, the third opening of the valve body 212 (identified by reference numeral 224a in Figure 17) is provided on the side of the ball 218 adjacent to the second section 248a, i.e. on the side of the ball 218 opposite to that of the third opening 224 of the valve body 212 of the valve 1. The second section 248a is provided with tool engagement surfaces, e.g. flat surfaces 249 (best seen in Figure 16). The flat surfaces 249 may be engaged with a suitable tool to tighten the second section 248a onto the first section 246 of the valve body 212 during assembly of the valve 4 and loosen the second section 248a in the event that the section 248a is to be removed (e.g. for maintenance or replacement of internal components).

[00140] The alternative structure of the valve body 212 of the valve 4, as hereinbefore described, may be used as an alternative in embodiments of the valve described herein that have a valve body with a structure of the type in the valve 1. Similarly, the structure of the valve body of the valve 1 may be used as an alternative in embodiments of the valve described herein that have a valve body with a structure of the type in the valve 4.

[00141] Figures 13 to 17 also show the tool engagement formations of the retainer 232. The tool engagement formations comprise a pair of raised C-shaped formations 232a. The two C-shaped formations 232a face each other with gaps between their respective ends that form a pair of slots 232b. A suitable tool may be used to engage the slots 232b to tighten the retainer 232 onto the valve body 212 and loosen the retainer 232 in the event that the retainer 232 is to be removed (e.g. for maintenance or replacement of the check valve 4). In that regard, the valve 4 permits ready access to the check valve 300. To access the check valve 300, the water supply to the check valve 300 is shut off, following which the loose nut 237 is disconnected from the water supply line. A suitable tool is used to engage the slots 232b loosen the retainer 232 and remove it from (the first section 246 of) the valve body 212. Since a portion of the check valve 300 is clamped between the shoulder 235 of the valve body 212 and the shoulder 236 of the retainer 232 to retain the check valve 300 in position inside the valve body 212 (as is further described herein under the heading "Positioning and Retention of the Check Valve in the Valve"), removing the retainer 232 frees the check valve 300 from its retained position. Since the check valve 300 is not physically connected to the valve body 212 or any component of the valve 4, the check valve 300 can then be readily withdrawn by pulling it out from the valve body 212. The ability to readily withdraw the check valve 300 from the valve body 212 in this manner also minimises the risk of damage to the check valve 300 during its removal from the valve body 212. This is advantageous particularly if the check valve is being removed merely for inspection or maintenance (rather than replacement). Following inspection or maintenance, the check valve 300 can be reinserted into the valve body 212 or, if required, a replacement check valve 300 is inserted into the valve body 212. The retainer 232 is then reattached and tightened to the valve body 212 using a suitable tool engaging with the slots 232b. The valve 4 is re-connected to the water supply line via the loose nut 237 and the water supply is turned back on.

[00142] The retainer 232 of the valves 1, 2 and 3 of the first, second and third embodiments are also provided with tool engagement formations comprising a pair of raised C-shaped formations 232a with slots 232b therebetween. However, due to the orientation of the views of those valves 1, 2 and 3 in the drawings, the raised C-shaped formations 232a and slots 232b are not as readily discernible. However, the raised C shaped formations 232a and slots 232b are viewable in the retainer 232c of the valve 5 to be further described herein.

[00143] Accordingly, the description of the removal and insertion of the check valve 300 from and into the valve body 212 of the valve 4 applies mutatis mutandis to the pressure limiter cartridges 220, 220a, 220b and 220c of the valve 1, 2 and 3 and also the pressure limiter cartridge 400 of the valve 5 (which are further described herein).

Positioning and Retention of the Check Valve in the Valve

[00144] A first portion of the check valve 300 is positioned inside the ball 218 and a second portion of the check valve 300 is positioned outside the ball 218 (as can be best seen in Figures 13 and 14).

[00145]In the valve 4 shown in the drawings, approximately a quarter of the length of the check valve 300 is positioned inside the ball 218 and approximately three-quarters of the length of the check valve 300 is positioned outside the ball 218 (inside the valve body 212). The lengthwise dimension of the check valve 300 extends from the first end 314 to the second end 316 ofthe body 302.

[00146] The first portion of the check valve 300, which is positioned inside the ball 218, comprises the portion extending from the second end 316, approximately a quarter of the length of the check valve 300. The second end 316 is located innermost in the ball 218. The first portion of the check valve 300, which is positioned inside the ball 218, extends approximately a third the distance into the cavity 270 in the ball 218.

[00147] The second portion of the check valve 300, which is positioned outside the ball 218, comprises portion extending from the first end 314 approximately three-quarters of the length of the check valve 300.

[00148] The first location of the check valve 300 at which the check valve 300 is in abutment with the valve body 212 comprises the one or more stops. As shown in in Figures 16 and 17, the stops may be provided in the form of flared lugs or barbs 318. The second location of the check valve 300 at which the check valve 300 is in abutment with the retainer 232 is first end 314 of the body 302.

[00149] The portion of check valve 300 between the stops and the first end 314 of the body 302 is clamped between the shoulder 235 of the valve body 212 and the shoulder 236 of the retainer 232. The check valve 300 is thereby retained in position inside the valve body 212.

[00150] The seal 312 of the check valve 300 forms a seal between the check valve 300 and the retainer 232. The seal 312 is in sealing contact with the inner surface of the retainer 232. The seal 312 prevents fluid passing between the retainer 232 and the check valve 300.

Use and Operation

[00151] The valve 4, for example, may be used in a plumbing installation as a combination of isolation valve and check valve functions.

[00152] The valve 4 may be installed in a plumbing installation in a similar manner to the valves 1, 2 and 3, as hereinbefore described with reference to the valve 1.

[00153] In normal operation, the valve 4 is open (i.e. the ball 218 is positioned as shown in Figure 14). When the fluid pressure at the inlet 214 is sufficient to overcome the force of the spring 306 (i.e. the spring force), the piston head 310 moves away from the valve seat 308. This opens the check valve 300 (i.e. the open condition of the check valve 300) for fluid flow. Fluid is able to flow through the check valve 300 only in the direction from the first end 314 to the second end 316 when the piston head 310 is unseated (i.e. spaced) from the valve seat 308. This, in turn, allows fluid to flow through the valve 4 from the inlet 214 to the outlet 216. Thus, the check valve 300 ensures that fluid is not able to flow in the direction from the outlet 216 to the inlet 214, i.e. the check valve 300 prevents backflow of fluid such that fluid cannot flow through the valve 4 from the outlet 316 to the inlet 314. In the event that the back pressure (i.e. the pressure on the outlet (316) side of the valve 4) increases above the pressure on the inlet (314) side of the valve 4, the increased back pressure acts to more forcefully press the piston head 310 against the valve seat 308. This maintains the check valve 300 in the closed condition which prevents flow of fluid through the valve 4 in the direction from the outlet 316 to the inlet 314.

FIFTH EMBODIMENT - FLOW CONTROLLER: TEMPERATURE LIMITER

[00154]In Figures 18 to 23, there is shown a fifth embodiment of a valve 5. The valve of the fifth embodiment is similar to the valve 1 of the first embodiment, except that in the valve 5 the valve cartridge comprises a flow controller, to control the flow of fluid through the valve body 212, in the form of a temperature limiter cartridge 400. In addition, the retainer 232c of the valve 5 further comprises a shoulder 236a. The shoulder 236a is provided as a recessed shoulder. The shoulder 236a has a smaller diameter than the shoulder 236. The shoulder 236a may be an annular shoulder.

[00155] The temperature limiter cartridge 400 functions to prevent flow of fluid through the temperature limiter cartridge 400 when the temperature of the fluid entering the valve 5 reaches predetermined temperature. When fluid is prevented from flowing through the temperature limiter cartridge 400, the fluid is also prevented from flowing through the valve 5. Devices that are responsive to an increase in temperature and operate in this manner are known in the art.

[00156] The temperature limiter cartridge 400 comprises a temperature sensitive element 402 held in a housing 404, a casing 406 that surrounds a portion of the housing 404, a diaphragm 405, a piston 408, a pin 409 and a spring 410. The components of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 are shown in exploded view in Figure 23.

[00157] The temperature sensitive element 402 is provided in a portion adjacent one end of the housing 404. The diaphragm 405 is provided inside the housing 404. A portion of the pin 409 extends from the housing 404. The diaphragm 405 is provided between the temperature sensitive element 402 and the pin 409. The pin 409 extends from an opening at a first end 412 of the housing 404. The housing 404 is closed at a second end 414. The temperature sensitive element 402 is provided inside the housing 404 adjacent the second end 414. The second end 414 is spaced from the first end 412. The temperature sensitive element 402 may be made of any suitable material that is responsive to changes in temperature (e.g. temperature sensitive wax material), as is known to a person skilled in the art. The temperature sensitive element 402 expands in response to an increase in temperature and contracts in response to a decrease in temperature, within a desired temperature range that reflects the temperature range of fluid that is intended to flow through the temperature limiter cartridge 400. The diaphragm 405 is deformable.

[00158] The housing 404 is provided with an enlarged section 416. The enlarged section 416 forms a collar around the housing 404. The enlarged section 416 is provided at the mid region of the length of the housing 404.

[00159] The casing 406 has an opening 418 at a first end 420. The casing 406 has a hole 422 in an end wall 424 at a second end 426. A flange 428 is provided at the first end 420. The casing 406 is provided with apertures 430. The apertures 430 are provided proximate the first end 420. A portion of the housing 404 extends through the hole 422 in the end wall 424 of the casing 406 such that the casing 406 surrounds a portion of the housing 404. The enlarged section 416 of the housing 404 is in physical contact with the inside surface of the casing 406. The physical contact may be an interference fit.

[00160] The piston 408 comprises an end wall 432 at a first end 434. The piston 408 has an opening 436 at a second end 438. A flange 440 is provided at the second end 438 of the piston 408. The portion of the pin 409 that extends from the housing 404 is received in the piston 408. The end region of the pin 409 inside the piston 408 is in physical contact with the inside surface of the piston 408 adjacent the second end 438 of the piston 408. The physical contact may be an interference fit.

[00161] The piston 408 is received inside the spring 410. The spring 410 has a first end 442 and a second end 444. The first end 442 of the spring 410 is adjacent the first end 434 of the piston 408. The spring 410 is in physical contact with the piston 408. The physical contact of the spring 410 with the piston 408 is adjacent to the flange 440 of the piston 408. The physical contact may be an interference fit.

[00162] The first end 442 of the spring 410 abuts the shoulder 236a of the retainer

232c. The second end 438 of the spring 410 abuts the flange 440 of the piston 408. The spring 410 is thereby retained in position between the shoulder 236a and the flange 440.

[00163] The spring 410 biases the end wall 432 of the piston 408 away from the shoulder 236a of the retainer 232c. This is the open condition of the temperature limiter cartridge 400. This is best seen in Figure 18. In the open condition of the temperature limiter cartridge 400, fluid is able to flow through the temperature limiter cartridge 400.

[00164] The piston 408 is able to move relative to the housing 404. The piston 408 is able to move relative to the casing 406. The piston 408 is able to move in a linear manner, i.e. piston 408 is linearly movable.

[00165] As hereinbefore described, components of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 may be retained together by interference fit. The interference fit retains the components together by friction at their respective regions of contact, which can be seen in Figures 18 and 19. However, as an alternative to an interference fit, these components may be fixedly retained together.

Positioning and Retention of the Temperature Limiter in the Valve

[00166] A first portion of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 is positioned inside the ball 218 and a second portion of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 is positioned outside the ball 218 (as can be best seen in Figures 18 and 19).

[00167]In the valve 5 shown in the drawings, approximately half the length of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 is positioned inside the ball 218 and approximately half the length of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 is positioned outside the ball 218 (inside the valve body 212). The lengthwise dimension of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 extends from the first end 442 of the spring 410 to the second end 414 of the housing 404.

[00168] The first portion of the temperature limiter cartridge 400, which is positioned inside the ball 218, comprises substantially the portion from the second end 414 of the housing 404 to the casing 406 at a location approximately midway between the first end 420 and second end 426 of the casing 406. The first portion of the temperature limiter cartridge 400, which is positioned inside the ball 218, extends substantially all the way into the cavity 270 inside the ball 218 to the inner surface, inside the ball 218, that is spaced from the first opening 272. The second end 414 of the housing 404 is spaced a short distance from the inner surface, inside the ball 218, that is spaced from the first opening 272.

[00169] The first location of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 at which the temperature limiter cartridge 400 is in abutment with the valve body 212 comprises the flange 428 of the casing 406. The second location of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 at which the temperature limiter cartridge 400 is in abutment with the retainer 232 is first end 442 of the spring 410.

[00170] The portion of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 between the flange 428 68 (i.e. the first location of the temperature limiter cartridge 400) and the first end of 442 of the spring 410 (i.e. the second location of the temperature limiter cartridge 400) is clamped between the shoulder 235 of the valve body 212 and the shoulder 236a of the retainer 232c. The temperature limiter cartridge 400 is thereby retained in position inside the valve body 212.

Use and Operation

[00171] The valve 5, for example, may be used in a plumbing installation as a combination of isolation valve and temperature limiting valve functions.

[00172] The valve 5 may be installed in a plumbing installation in a similar manner to the valves 1, 2, 3 and 4, as hereinbefore described with reference to the valve 1.

[00173] In normal operation of the valve 5, the valve 5 is open (i.e. the ball 218 is positioned as shown in Figure 19). Provided that the temperature of the fluid entering the valve 5 (at the inlet 214) is less than the predetermined temperature (i.e. the temperature at which the temperature limiter cartridge 400 prevents flow of fluid), the temperature limiter cartridge 400 allows fluid to enter and flow through the valve 5. This is the open condition of the temperature limiter cartridge 400. The open condition of the temperature limiter cartridge 400 is shown in Figure 18. In this condition, the spring 410 biases the piston 408 out of contact with the shoulder 236a. Fluid is able to flow through the opening 233 (in the retainer 232c) at the inlet 214 of the valve 5 and then flow through the apertures 430 in the casing 406 and through the ball 218 to the outlet 216.

[00174] The temperature sensitive element 402 may expand with an increase in the ambient temperature around the portion of the housing 404 containing the temperature sensitive element 402. As the temperature sensitive element 402 expands, it causes the diaphragm 405 to deform and bear against the pin 409. This causes the pin 409 to move in the direction toward the shoulder 236a. This movement of the pin 409 causes the piston 408 to also move in the direction toward the shoulder 236a, against the biasing action of the spring 410. Once the predetermined temperature is reached, the temperature sensitive element 402 will expand sufficiently to cause the piston 408 to be pushed into contact with the shoulder 236a. This is the closed condition of the temperature limiter cartridge 400. This is best seen in Figure 19. Figure 19 shows the edge of the end wall 432 of the piston 408 in contact with the shoulder 236a. Thus, the shoulder 236a acts as a valve seat for the piston 408. In the closed condition of the temperature limiter cartridge 400, fluid is not able to flow through the temperature limiter cartridge 400. Consequently, fluid is not able to flow through the valve 5. If the ambient temperature continues to increase, the temperature sensitive element 402 will continue to expand. This will cause the piston 408 to be more forcefully pushed into contact with the shoulder 436a and the temperature limiter cartridge 400 remains closed.

[00175] As the ambient temperature around the portion of the housing 404 containing the temperature sensitive element 402 falls, the temperature sensitive element 402 contracts. As the temperature sensitive element 402 contracts, the biasing action of the spring 410 moves the piston 408 out of contact with the shoulder 236a. As the piston 408 moves away from the shoulder 236a, fluid is able to flow through the opening 233 (in the retainer 232c) at the inlet 214 of the valve 5 and then flow through the apertures 430 in the casing 406 and through the ball 218 to the outlet 216. The temperature sensitive element 402 is thereby returned to the open condition.

[00176]In the embodiments of the valve hereinbefore described, at least a portion of the valve cartridge in positioned in the ball. Positioning at least a portion of the valve cartridge in the ball reduces the total space occupied by the valve cartridge in the valve body since the portion of the valve cartridge in the ball occupies space in the cavity inside the ball. This results in a reduction in the overall size of the valve body since the ball and the valve cartridge effectively share some of the space in the valve body.

[00177]In the embodiments of the valve hereinbefore described, the retention of the valve cartridge is provided outside the ball. In the embodiments of the valve hereinbefore described, the valve cartridge is retained in the valve body by being held (or clamped) between the valve body and the retainer. In the embodiments of the valve hereinbefore described, the ball itself does not perform any function in the retention of the valve cartridge in the valve body.

[00178] Providing the retention of the valve cartridge outside the ball provides the advantage that the valve cartridge is readily accessible (e.g. for cleaning, maintenance replacement, etc.) simply by removing the retainer.

[00179] Whilst one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention have been hereinbefore described, the scope of the present invention is not limited to those specific embodiments, and may be embodied in other ways, as will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.

[00180] The individual features of each aspect or embodiment disclosed herein may each be combined with any or all features of the other embodiments. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined as suitable in one or more embodiments of the disclosure.

[00181] Modifications and variations such as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.

FEATURES

[00182] Various features and combinations of features disclosed herein are set out in the following paragraphs:

1. A valve comprising

a valve body having an inlet and at least one outlet,

a ball provided inside the valve body,

a valve cartridge,

2. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge is provided in the valve body.

3. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge is retained in position in the valve body.

4. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the retention of the valve cartridge in the valve body is provided outside the ball.

5. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve further comprises a retainer.

6. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein a retainer may be detachably connected with the valve body.

7. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein a retainer may be detachably connected with the valve body at the inlet of the valve body.

8. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein at least a portion of the valve cartridge is held between the valve body and the retainer.

9. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge abuts the valve body at a first location of the valve cartridge.

10. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge abuts the retainer at a second location of the valve cartridge.

11. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge abuts a shoulder of the valve body at the first location of the valve cartridge.

12. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge abuts a shoulder of the retainer at the second location of the valve cartridge.

13. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein a seal is provided between the valve cartridge and the retainer.

14. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge includes a body, and the body is provided with the first location and the second location of the valve cartridge.

15. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge includes a body and a spring, and the body is provided with the first location and the spring is provided with the second location.

16. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the ball comprises a cavity, an inlet and an outlet.

17. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the ball comprises a cavity, an inlet and an outlet, and wherein the inlet and the outlet of the ball are arranged at a right angle to one another.

18. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the inlet and the at least one outlet of the valve body are arranged at a right angle to one another

19. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve cartridge may comprise a flow controller to control the flow of fluid through the valve body.

20. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve comprises a flow controller to control the flow of fluid through the valve body, and wherein the flow controller comprises a pressure limiter to limit the pressure of fluid that is able to flow through the pressure limiter and the valve.

21. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve comprises a flow controller to control the flow of fluid through the valve body, and wherein the flow controller (alternatively) comprises a check valve, which allows fluid to flow therethrough in only one direction.

22. A valve according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the valve comprises a flow controller to control the flow of fluid through the valve body, and wherein the flow controller (alternatively) comprises a temperature limiter cartridge, which prevents flow of fluid therethrough when the temperature of the fluid entering the valve reaches predetermined temperature.

Claims

1. A valve comprising

a valve body having an inlet and at least one outlet,

a ball provided inside the valve body,

a valve cartridge,

2. A valve according to claim 1, wherein the valve cartridge is retained in position in the valve body.

3. A valve according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the valve cartridge is retained in the valve body outside the ball.

4. A valve according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve further comprises a retainer.

5. A valve according to claim 4, wherein the retainer is detachably connected with the valve body.

6. A valve according to claim 5, wherein the retainer is detachably connected with the valve body at the inlet of the valve body.

7. A valve according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein at least a portion of the valve cartridge is held between the valve body and the retainer.

8. A valve according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve cartridge abuts the valve body at a first location of the valve cartridge.

9. A valve according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve cartridge abuts the retainer at a second location of the valve cartridge.

10. A valve according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the valve cartridge abuts a shoulder of the valve body at the first location of the valve cartridge.

11. A valve according to claim 9 or 10, the valve cartridge abuts a shoulder of the retainer at the second location of the valve cartridge.

12. A valve according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a seal is provided between the valve cartridge and the retainer.

13. A valve according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the valve cartridge includes a body, and wherein the body is provided with the first and second locations of the valve cartridge.

14. A valve according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the valve cartridge includes a body and a spring, and wherein the body is provided with the first location and the spring is provided with the second location.

15. A valve according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ball comprises a cavity, an inlet and an outlet.

16. A valve according to claim 15, wherein the inlet and the outlet of the ball are arranged at a right angle to one another.

17. A valve according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inlet and the at least one outlet of the valve body are arranged at a right angle to one another.

18. A valve according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve cartridge comprises a flow controller to control the flow of fluid through the valve body.

19. A valve according to claim 18, wherein the flow controller comprises a pressure limiter to limit the pressure of fluid that is able to flow through the pressure limiter and the valve.

20. A valve according to claim 18, wherein the flow controller comprises a check valve, which allows fluid to flow therethrough in only one direction.

21. A valve according to claim 20, wherein the flow controller comprises a temperature limiter cartridge, which prevents flow of fluid therethrough when the temperature of the fluid entering the valve reaches predetermined temperature.