AU2021273585A1 - Method for calculating geomagnetically induced current-reactive power (GIC-Q) disturbance based on apparatus for monitoring a GIC - Google Patents
Method for calculating geomagnetically induced current-reactive power (GIC-Q) disturbance based on apparatus for monitoring a GIC Download PDFInfo
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- AU2021273585A1 AU2021273585A1 AU2021273585A AU2021273585A AU2021273585A1 AU 2021273585 A1 AU2021273585 A1 AU 2021273585A1 AU 2021273585 A AU2021273585 A AU 2021273585A AU 2021273585 A AU2021273585 A AU 2021273585A AU 2021273585 A1 AU2021273585 A1 AU 2021273585A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a method for calculating a geomagnetically induced
current-reactive power (GIC-Q) disturbance based on a GIC monitoring apparatus. The GIC
monitoring apparatus is installed on a conductor of a high-voltage inlet-outlet line of a
transformer, and includes a power supply, a current sensor, a direct current-direct current
(DC-DC) converter, a signal processing system, a gateway system, a cloud server, and a
display module. The method for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance based on a GIC monitoring
apparatus is applied to the above GIC monitoring apparatus, and specifically includes the
following steps: step 1: setting a K-value of a transformer; step 2: establishing a K-value
method-based algorithm for a GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer; and step 3: applying
GIC-Q disturbance data of the transformer to a plurality of platforms. The present disclosure
can expand a GIC-Q disturbance monitoring function of the GIC monitoring apparatus, and
can also provide actually measured GIC-Q disturbance data for a dispatching automation
system of a power grid to calculate a voltage fluctuation of the power grid in real time and
evaluate impact of the GIC-Q disturbance on voltage stability.
Description
[01] The present disclosure relates to the field of power information monitoring and measurement, and specifically, to a method for calculating a geomagnetically induced current-reactive power (GIC-Q) disturbance based on a geomagnetically induced current (GIC) monitoring apparatus.
[02] With the development of power grid technologies, resistance of an ultra-high voltage (UHV) power grid conductor is becoming smaller, and a GIC generated by a geomagnetic storm in a power grid is becoming larger. When the GIC invades a transformer in the power grid, secondary harmful interference such as a temperature rise, a harmonic wave, and an increase in reactive power are caused, threatening safe operation of the transformer and the power grid. For a secondary GIC-Q disturbance caused when the GIC invades the transformer, the present disclosure provides a method for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance based on a GIC monitoring apparatus. Based on GIC monitoring data of the transformer, the method calculates GIC-Q disturbance data of the transformer by using a proportional coefficient K-value method (K-value method), to provide data for determining a GIC-Q disturbance risk.
[03] Geomagnetic storms caused by intense solar activities occur almost simultaneously all over the world. A magnitude of a secondary GIC-Q disturbance caused when a GIC invades lots of transformers in a power grid is large. As a result, reactive balance of the power grid is destroyed, resulting in a voltage drop of the power grid and even a voltage collapse. To analyze a GIC-Q disturbance risk, the present disclosure provides an algorithm, based on a GIC monitoring apparatus, for a GIC-Q disturbance of a transformer. The algorithm has a high calculation speed, and the GIC monitoring apparatus can provide GIC-Q data simultaneously.
[04] A method for establishing a field-circuit model (theoretical algorithm for short) based on transformer design data to calculate a GIC-Q disturbance of a transformer is very complex, and is not suitable for fast real-time GIC-Q calculation. To meet a growing demand for monitoring a GIC and a GIC-Q disturbance of a power grid, the present disclosure provides an algorithm, based on a GIC monitoring apparatus, for a GIC-Q disturbance of a transformer. The algorithm calculates GIC-Q disturbance data of a transformer by using a proportional coefficient K-value method (also referred to as a K-value method or an engineering algorithm), to provide real-time data for security analysis of a power grid. A main implementation method of the present disclosure is as follows:
[05] An apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid based on a high-voltage inlet-outlet line of a transformer is installed on a conductor of a high-voltage inlet-outlet line of a transformer, and includes a power supply, a current sensor, a direct current-direct current (DC-DC) converter, a signal processing system, a gateway system, a cloud server, and a display module, where
[06] the power supply is connected to the current sensor, the power supply is connected to the signal processing system by using the DC-DC converter, the current sensor is connected to the signal processing system, the signal processing system is connected to the gateway system, the gateway system communicates with the cloud server in a wireless manner, and the cloud server is connected to the display module;
[07] the power supply includes a solar panel and a battery, the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid uses the battery for power supply at night or on a cloudy day, and the solar panel supplies power to the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid and charges the battery when there is sunlight;
[08] the power supply is configured to output a 15 V voltage to supply power to the current sensor;
[09] the DC-DC converter is configured to convert the 15 V voltage output by the power supply into a 5 V voltage to supply power to the signal processing system;
[010] the current sensor is configured to collect 0.01 Hz to 0.0001 Hz GIC signals, and send the GIC signals to the signal processing system;
[011] the signal processing system is configured to receive and process the GIC signals, and send processed data to the cloud server by using the gateway system;
[012] the cloud server is configured to receive the data sent by the signal processing system, store the received data, and send the received data to the display module; and
[013] the display module is configured to display the data in real time for dispatching or operation and maintenance personnel of a power grid to monitor a GIC of the power grid in real time.
[014] Based on the above solution, the display module includes a personal computer (PC) terminal and a mobile phone terminal.
[015] Based on the above solution, the current sensor is a Hall current sensor.
[016] A method for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance of a transformer based on a GIC monitoring apparatus is applied to the above apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid, and specifically includes the following steps:
[017] step 1: setting a K-value of a transformer, where
[018] since there are different types of transformer core structures in a power grid, for different types of transformers, in the signal processing system of the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid, the proportional coefficient K-value for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer based on a transformer core structure is set;
[019] step 2: establishing a K-value method-based algorithm for a GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer, where
[020] in the signal processing system, the K-value method-based algorithm for the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer is established based on the K-value set in step 1, the current sensor collects a magnitude of a GIC flowing through each phase winding of a high-voltage winding of the transformer in real time and sends the magnitude of the GIC to the signal processing system, and the signal processing system calculates GIC-Q disturbance data of a tested transformer in real time based on the K-value method-based algorithm for the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer; and
[021] a GIC-Q calculation formula based on the K-value is simple, and as shown in FIG. 2, based on a calculation speed of a CPU of the monitoring apparatus, time of calculating GIC-Q of the transformer by using the K-value method can be ignored;
[022] step 3: applying the GIC-Q disturbance data of the transformer to a plurality of platforms, where
[023] the GIC-Q disturbance data calculated in step 2 is sent to the cloud server by using the gateway system, and the cloud server is configured to receive the GIC-Q disturbance data sent by the signal processing system, store the received GIC-Q disturbance data, and send the received GIC-Q disturbance data to the display module; and
[024] the display module is used by operation inspection personnel of the power grid to master an operation status of the transformer, and used by dispatching personnel of the power grid to analyze a GIC-Q disturbance risk and formulate a defense strategy, so as to monitor a GIC of the power grid in real time.
[025] Therefore, the obtained GIC-Q data is transmitted to a plurality of platforms and displayed on the plurality of platforms.
[026] Based on the above solution, based on an existing research achievement, K-values of different types of transformers can be directly used for K-value setting in the signal processing system. A K-value of a new type of transformer can be determined through theoretical calculation.
[027] Based on the above solution, the types of the transformer core structures include a single-phase shell-type structure, a single-phase four-column structure, a five-column structure, a three-phase shell-type structure, a three-phase three-column structure, and a three-phase five-column structure.
[028] Based on the above solution, the K-value method-based algorithm for the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer is expressed by a formula (1), and the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid calculates the GIC-Q disturbance according to the following formula: Q = K * IGIC +0 (1)
[029] where Q represents a GIC-Q loss (total three-phase loss) caused when the GIC invades the transformer, Qo represents a reactive loss (total three-phase loss) of the transformer under a normal condition, IGIC represents the GIC of each phase winding of the high-voltage winding of the transformer (GICs of phase windings A, B and C respectively are the same), and K represents the proportional coefficient for calculating GIC-Q of the transformer which varies with the GIC.
[030] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
[031] Due to complexity and a heavy calculation workload of the theoretical algorithm of the QIC-Q disturbance of the transformer, there is no method and means for monitoring the QIC-Q disturbance of the transformer in the power grid. The algorithm, based on a GIC monitoring apparatus, for a GIC-Q disturbance of a transformer in the present disclosure can expand a GIC-Q disturbance monitoring function of the GIC monitoring apparatus, and can also provide actually measured GIC-Q disturbance data for a dispatching automation system of the power grid to calculate a voltage fluctuation of the power grid in real time and evaluate impact of the GIC-Q disturbance on voltage stability. The calculation formula in the method provided in the present disclosure is simple. Based on the calculation speed of the CPU of the monitoring apparatus, the time of calculating the GIC-Q of the transformer can be ignored.
[032] The present disclosure has the following drawings:
[033] FIG. 1 compares GIC-Q that is of different types of transformers and that varies with a GIC; and
[034] FIG. 2 is a composition diagram of a system for monitoring a GIC of a power grid based on an inlet-outlet line of a transformer.
[035] Based on a GIC of each phase of a transformer, the present disclosure adopts a K-value method to calculate a secondary GIC-Q disturbance when the GIC invades the transformer. A specific implementation is as follows:
[036] 1) Setting of a K-value of the transformer
[037] The secondary GIC-Q disturbance when the GIC invades the transformer is very complex, and there have been a lot of research on this problem at home and abroad. Theoretically, based on design parameters of a transformer core, GIC-Q disturbance data of the transformer can be calculated by establishing a field-circuit model of the transformer, using the J-A theory, or the like (hereinafter referred to as a theoretical algorithm). The theoretical algorithm is fine, but has a complex calculation method and a heavy workload. Therefore, the theoretical algorithm is not suitable for rapid GIC-Q disturbance calculation, but only suitable for fine GIC-Q analysis of the transformer.
[038] To make theoretical calculation for lots of transformers in a power grid, evaluate a total GIC-Q disturbance generated to the power grid by GIC-Q of the transformers, and analyze a risk of a voltage fluctuation caused by the GIC-Q disturbance of the power grid, based on lots of theoretical research achievements at home and abroad, an algorithm for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer based on a proportional coefficient K-value method (hereinafter referred to as a K-value method) is proposed. Compared with the theoretical algorithm, the K-value method, also known as engineering algorithm, is simple and fast.
[039] The above theoretical algorithm and engineering algorithm are mainly used to calculate the GIC-Q disturbances of the transformer and the whole power grid respectively. However, a geomagnetic storm accident of the power grid occurs as a power grid scale becomes larger and conductor resistance of a transmission line becomes smaller. Therefore, the public's awareness of the geomagnetic storm accident of the power grid is limited, and there is no effective method and means to monitor the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer. Because there are many types and large quantities of transformers in the power grid, the present disclosure proposes to calculate the GIC-Q disturbance by setting the K-value for the measured transformer on a GIC monitoring apparatus of the transformer.
[040] 2) Algorithm, based on the GIC monitoring apparatus, for the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer
[041] Compared with countries in high magnetic latitude areas, GICs of 500 kV and higher UHV power grids in China are relatively large. In other words, to perform risk assessment on geomagnetic storm accidents of the 500 kV and higher power grids, GIC-G disturbances of transformers and the power grids need to be calculated. Main types of transformer cores in the 500 kV and higher power grids include a single-phase shell-type structure, a single-phase four-column structure, a five-column structure, a three-phase shell-type structure, a three-phase three-column structure, a three-phase five-column structure, and the like. Therefore, an apparatus for monitoring the GIC of the transformer in the 500 kV and higher power grids can set the K-value of the transformer to calculate the GIC-Q disturbance. A rule that GIC-Q of transformers with different structures varies with the GIC is shown in FIG. 1.
[042] It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the GIC-Q of the transformer varies linearly with the GIC. Therefore, the algorithm, based on the GIC monitoring apparatus, for the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer can be calculated based on the K-value method. The GIC monitoring apparatus outputs a GIC of each phase winding of the transformer based on a conductor of an inlet-outlet line of the transformer.
[043] Therefore, the GIC-Q disturbance can be calculated by using the GIC monitoring apparatus according to the following formula:
[044] Q=K*IGIC+ 0 (1)
[045] In the above formula, Q represents a GIC-Q loss (total three-phase loss) caused when the GIC invades the transformer, Qo represents a reactive loss (total three-phase loss) of the transformer under a normal condition, IGICrepresents the GIC of each phase winding of a high-voltage winding of the transformer (GICs of phase windings A, B and C respectively are the same), and K represents the proportional coefficient for calculating the GIC-Q of the transformer which varies with the GIC.
[046] Based on design data and files of the transformer, scientists at home and abroad have studied and determined K-values of various structures of transformers. For example, a reactive loss Q of a 1,000 kV single-phase four-column transformer developed by China can be calculated according to the following formula:
[0471 Q= 2 .4 4 *IGIC+I. 2 3 (2)
[048] In other words, a K-value of the 1,000 kV single-phase four-column transformer developed by China is 2.44, and a reactive loss Qo of the transformer under the normal condition is 1.23 (three-phase value), in units of Mvar; and IGIC is a GIC of each phase winding of a high-voltage winding of the transformer, in units of A.
[049] Based on a calculation speed of a CPU of the GIC monitoring apparatus, time required by the GIC monitoring apparatus to calculate the GIC-Q according to the formula (2) can be ignored, and the GIC-Q can be monitored in real time.
[050] 3) Application of the GIC-Q disturbance data of the transformer in a plurality of platforms
[051] A magnitude of GIC-Q disturbances generated by lots of transformers in the power grid is large, and may cause a voltage collapse of the power grid. The present disclosure provides basic data for analyzing the geomagnetic storm accident. Like GIC data, of the transformer, collected by an apparatus, the GIC-Q disturbance data obtained through monitoring can be displayed on the plurality of background platforms of the GIC monitoring apparatus and provided for operation, maintenance and dispatching personnel of the power grid to analyze a status of the transformer or voltage stability of the power grid.
[052] A monitoring system in FIG. 2 is used as an example. A signal processing system of the monitoring apparatus sends the GIC-Q disturbance data, calculated according to the formula (1) or (2), of the transformer to a cloud server of the monitoring system by using a gateway system, and sends the GIC-Q disturbance data to mobile phones of the operation and maintenance personnel in time by using the cloud server, or to a dispatching automation system of the power grid by using the cloud server, to calculate a voltage fluctuation of the power grid in real time and evaluate a risk of the geomagnetic storm accident of the power grid.
[053] 4) Method for determining K-values of different types of transformers with different voltage classes
[054] There have been lots of research achievements on K-value calculation of different types of transformers, and the K-value determining method in this step does not belong to the scope of the claims of the present disclosure. In terms of K-value data of the transformer, K-value calculation data are currently available for different types of 500 kV and 750 kV (760 kV in other countries) transformers and a 1,000 kV single-phase four-column transformer in the power grid in China except the 1,000 kV single-phase five-column transformer developed by China, and can be used by the monitoring apparatus to calculate the GIC-Q.
[055] The K-value of the transformer needs to be calculated by using the theoretical algorithm based on design data of the transformer core. Because the design data of the transformer is a trade secret of a transformer manufacturer, a K-value of a new transformer needs to be determined through close cooperation with the transformer manufacturer. A K-value of the 1,000 kV single-phase five-column transformer can be calculated based on the design data and files of the core and by using a method in the literature (GIC-Q Loss Calculation Of Single-Phase Four-Column UHV Main Transformer Based on K-Value Method, Liu Lianguang et al., High-Voltage Technology, Vol. 43, No. 7, pages 2340-2349, July 31, 2017).
[056] In addition to the GIC and the GIC-Q, secondary harmful interference such as a temperature rise, a harmonic wave, vibration and noise of the power transformer need to be monitored. Expanding a function of the GIC monitoring apparatus to monitor the harmful interference such as the temperature rise, the harmonic wave, the vibration and the noise is a research topic.
[057] The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
- CLAIMS: 1. An apparatus for monitoring a geomagnetically induced current (GIC) of a power grid based on a high-voltage inlet-outlet line of a transformer, wherein the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid is installed on a conductor of a high-voltage inlet-outlet line of a transformer, and the apparatus comprises a power supply, a current sensor, a direct current-direct current (DC-DC) converter, a signal processing system, a gateway system, a cloud server, and a display module; the power supply is connected to the current sensor, the power supply is connected to the signal processing system by using the DC-DC converter, the current sensor is connected to the signal processing system, the signal processing system is connected to the gateway system, the gateway system communicates with the cloud server in a wireless manner, and the cloud server is connected to the display module; the power supply comprises a solar panel and a battery, the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid uses the battery for power supply at night or on a cloudy day, and the solar panel supplies power to the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid and charges the battery when there is sunlight; the power supply is configured to output a 15 V voltage to supply power to the current sensor; the DC-DC converter is configured to convert the 15 V voltage output by the power supply into a 5 V voltage to supply power to the signal processing system; the current sensor is configured to collect 0.01 Hz to 0.0001 Hz GIC signals, and send the GIC signals to the signal processing system; the signal processing system is configured to receive and process the GIC signals, and send processed data to the cloud server by using the gateway system; the cloud server is configured to receive the data sent by the signal processing system, store the received data, and send the received data to the display module; and the display module is configured to display the data in real time for dispatching or operation and maintenance personnel of a power grid to monitor a GIC of the power grid in real time.
- 2. The apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid based on a high-voltage inlet-outlet line of a transformer according to claim 1, wherein the display module comprises a personal computer (PC) terminal and a mobile phone terminal.
- 3. The apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid based on a high-voltage inlet-outlet line of a transformer according to claim 1, wherein the current sensor is a Hall current sensor.
- 4. A method for calculating a geomagnetically induced current-reactive power (GIC-Q) disturbance of a transformer based on an apparatus for monitoring a GIC, wherein the method is applied to the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and specifically comprises the following steps: step 1: setting a K-value of a transformer, wherein since there are different types of transformer core structures in a power grid, for different types of transformers, in the signal processing system of the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid, the proportional coefficient K-value for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer based on a transformer core structure is set; step 2: establishing a K-value method-based algorithm for a GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer, wherein in the signal processing system, the K-value method-based algorithm for the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer is established based on the K-value set in step 1, the current sensor collects a magnitude of a GIC flowing through each phase winding of a high-voltage winding of the transformer in real time and sends the magnitude of the GIC to the signal processing system, and the signal processing system calculates GIC-Q disturbance data of a tested transformer in real time based on the K-value method-based algorithm for the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer; and step 3: applying the GIC-Q disturbance data of the transformer to a plurality of platforms, wherein the GIC-Q disturbance data calculated in step 2 is sent to the cloud server by using the gateway system, and the cloud server is configured to receive the GIC-Q disturbance data sent by the signal processing system, store the received GIC-Q disturbance data, and send the received GIC-Q disturbance data to the display module; and the display module is used by operation inspection personnel of the power grid to master an operation status of the transformer, and used by dispatching personnel of the power grid to analyze a GIC-Q disturbance risk and formulate a defense strategy, so as to monitor a GIC of the power grid in real time.
- 5. The method for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance of a transformer based on an apparatus for monitoring a GIC according to claim 4, wherein based on an existing research achievement, K-values of different types of transformers are directly used for K-value setting in the signal processing system.
- 6. The method for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance of a transformer based on an apparatus for monitoring a GIC according to claim 4, wherein the types of the transformer core structures comprise a single-phase shell structure, a single-phase four-column structure, a five-column structure, a three-phase shell structure, a three-phase three-column structure, and a three-phase five-column structure.
- 7. The method for calculating a GIC-Q disturbance of a transformer based on an apparatus for monitoring a GIC according to claim 4, wherein the K-value method-based algorithm for the GIC-Q disturbance of the transformer is expressed by a formula (1), and the apparatus for monitoring a GIC of a power grid calculates the GIC-Q disturbance according to the following formula: Q = K * IGIC +0 (1) wherein Q represents a GIC-Q loss caused when the GIC invades the transformer, Qo represents a reactive loss of the transformer under a normal condition, IGIC represents the GIC of each phase winding of the high-voltage winding of the transformer, and K represents the proportional coefficient for calculating GIC-Q of the transformer which varies with the GIC.
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| CN202110289341.5A CN113009207A (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2021-03-18 | Transformer reactive power disturbance calculation method based on GIC monitoring device |
| CN202110289341.5 | 2021-03-18 | ||
| PCT/CN2021/126273 WO2022193661A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2021-10-26 | Transformer reactive power disturbance calculation method based on gic monitoring device |
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| CN116736048A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-09-12 | 科润智能控制股份有限公司 | Novel intelligent dry-type transformer and data analysis system |
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| CN202421318U (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-09-05 | 山东电力研究院 | Large transformer bias current monitoring and early warning system |
| US9217762B2 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-12-22 | Smart Wires Inc. | Detection of geomagnetically-induced currents with power line-mounted devices |
| CN104793044A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-07-22 | 华北电力大学 | Method and device for monitoring geomagnetically induced current of high-speed rails |
| CN109932552B (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-09-04 | 华北电力大学 | Power transmission line magnetic storm induced current acquisition method and device based on Beidou short message |
| US11422179B2 (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2022-08-23 | Afshin REZAEI ZARE | System and method for geomagnetic disturbance determination for power systems |
| CN113206544B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-11-15 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power grid GIC monitoring device based on transformer high-voltage incoming and outgoing lines |
| CN113009207A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-22 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Transformer reactive power disturbance calculation method based on GIC monitoring device |
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