AU2021229172A1 - Thermal Inverter Box - Google Patents
Thermal Inverter Box Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2021229172A1 AU2021229172A1 AU2021229172A AU2021229172A AU2021229172A1 AU 2021229172 A1 AU2021229172 A1 AU 2021229172A1 AU 2021229172 A AU2021229172 A AU 2021229172A AU 2021229172 A AU2021229172 A AU 2021229172A AU 2021229172 A1 AU2021229172 A1 AU 2021229172A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- molecules
- spray
- gas
- thermal converter
- molecular weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 123
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012802 pre-warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
- C01B3/045—Decomposition of water in gaseous phase
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/008—Processes carried out under supercritical conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
- C01B13/0207—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/104—Oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/24—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by centrifugal force
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
- B04C2003/003—Shapes or dimensions of vortex chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
- B04C3/04—Multiple arrangement thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a thermal converter (1, 2) for generating from a parent compound a
5 first fluid of first molecules (H2) with a first molecular weight and a second fluid of second
molecules (02) with a second molecular weight, whereby the first molecular weight of the
first molecules (H2) is less than the second molecular weight of the second molecules (02).
In order to improve the efficiency of the thermal converter, the thermal converter comprises
0 a spray device (18) for generating from the parent compound in fluid form a spray, which is
supplied to a reaction device (1) for splitting the parent compound into a mixture compound
of the first molecules (H2) and the second molecules (02).
18005897_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU
Description
Technical field of the invention The invention relates to a thermal converter for generating from a parent compound a first
fluid of first molecules with a first molecular weight and a second fluid of second molecules with a second molecular weight, wherebythe first molecular weight of the first molecules is
less than the second molecular weight of the second molecules, the thermal converter comprising a reaction device for splitting a fluid into a compound of the first molecules and
the second molecules and a gas separator device.
The invention further relates to an arrangement of thermal converter and a combustion engine.
The invention also relates to a procedure for generating hydrogen and oxygen gas.
Prior Art
From WO 2005/005009 A2 a radiant energytransfer reactor is known, into which water molecules, preferablyin the form of steam orwatervapor is introduced. The radiant energy is absorbed by the molecules which dissociate into hydrogenand oxygen. In a separation
step a time variant magneticfield is used to cause a rotation of the dissociated hydrogen and oxygenand enhancing the separation of hydrogenand oxygen dueto a centrifugal effectby
the magnetic field. The hydrogengas may be pumped into storage tanks for use elsewhere or used for powering fuel cells or combusted for other equipment proximate to the reactor.
CN200610009659A discloses a helical pipe composite gas-liquid separator in vertical structure consists of a gas collecting part, a helical centrifugal separating part and a liquid collecting part. A fluid entering to the helical pipe in the helical separating part generatesa
centrifugal acceleration. Underthe common action of the centrifugal force and the gravitational force, the liquid with great density aggregatesto the lower part of the pipeline while gas aggregatesin the upper part before being exhausted through the upperholes in 18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 the helical pipe. Under the condition oflower gas content in the fluid or relatively small fluid flow rate, the fluid is separated mainly on the gas collecting part and the liquid is collected mainly in the liquid collecting part.
Summary of the Invention
The efficiency of the gas separator is crucial forthe efficiency of the thermal converter. It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the efficiency of the gas separator.
The invention proposesa thermal converterfor generating a first fluid of first molecules with
.0 a first molecular weight and a second fluid of second molecules with a second molecular weight, wherebythe first molecular weight of the first molecules is less than the second molecular weight of the second molecules. The thermal converter comprises a reaction device for splitting a fluid into a compound of the first molecules and the second molecules.
The thermal converter furthercomprises a spray device for generating from the parent
.5 compound in fluid form a spray, which is supplied to a reaction device for splitting the parent compound into a mixture compound of the first molecules and the second molecules.
Although any spray device may be used, spray devices which make use of the so-called Venturi effect have proven to be efficient.
In one embodimentof the invention eitherthe first or the second outlet of the gas separator is connected to a spray medium inlet (181) of the spray device (18). If the first outlet of the gas separator produces combustible molecules, then the other, the second outlet of the gas
generator is connected to the spray medium inlet. In case the second outlet of the gas
separator produces the combustible molecules, then the first outlet of the gas generatoris connected to the spray medium inlet.
In another aspect of the invention the spray device is connected with a parent compound
inlet to a fluid reservoir, wherein the fluid reservoir contains the parent compound, and with a spray outlet to a gas generator inlet of the reactor device.
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1
Anapplication of the invention is a combustion engine for the combustion of either the first stream of first molecules or the second stream of second molecules, as a function whether the combustible molecules are the first molecules or the second molecules. In a preferred
embodimentintake valvesof the combustion engine are provided with the combustible gas molecules of the gas separator. The combustible gas molecules are provided either directly,
for example by supplying them into an inlet manifold of the combustion engine or indirectly by applying them to a carburetor of the combustion engine.In case water is the chosen
liquid to be split into hydrogen and oxygen, the combustible molecules are the hydrogen
.0 molecules, i.e. the molecules with the lower molecular weight compared to the oxygen molecules.
Another application of the invention is in a thermal waste treatment process for the combustion of substances contained in waste materials for cleaning the flue gases.
.5 In another aspect of the invention the heat produced by the combustion is transferred to at leastofone ofthegas generatorsor the gassuperheater.
In this case the waste energy produced by the combustion engine may be re-used. It may be reused to pre-heatthe fluid in the fluid reservoir or to provide heat to the gas generator, the
gas superheateror the reaction device.
In another aspect of the invention the parent compound is water and the first molecules are hydrogen molecules and the second molecules are oxygen molecules, in which case the
combustible molecules are the hydrogen.
In anotheraspect of the invention a method forgenerating hydrogen and oxygengas comprises the steps of converting water into a spray of water droplets; exposing waterto a first heatsource forgenerating steam; exposingthe steam to a second heat source for
superheatingthe steam into supercritical steam;guiding the supercritical steam into a spiral trajectory with widening diameter for forcing the oxygen molecules (02) radially outwards
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 and collecting the hydrogen molecules (H2) at the end of the trajectory. It may be well that the first and the second heat source are identical.
These and other objects, advantages and featuresof the invention will become readily
apparent from the following description of a preferred embodimentwhen read in conjunction with the attached drawing and appended claims.
Detailed Description Reference will now be made to the example embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and
.0 specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Alterations and further modifications of the features illustrated herein, and additional applications of the principles illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession
of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 showsan overview of an arrangement for splitting water into hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules and a gas separator for separating these molecules; Fig. 2 showsan arrangement with three gas separator devices;
Fig. 3 shows a cross section of a gas exchanger; Fig. 4 shows a cross section of a gas superheater/ reactor device
Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional view of a reactor module Fig. 6 shows a three-dimensional view of a thermal converter
Fig. 7 shows a three-dimensionalview of a thermal converterfrom a different angle
Fig. 8 shows the thermal converter as a wire-frame Fig. 9 shows the cross section of a spray device
The invention is intended to improve the efficiency of splitting water in a gas separator module 2 into hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules. It is well known that water,
respective water steam can be split in a chemical reaction into hydrogen molecules and oxyge n mole cule s: 18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1
2 H2 0 - 2 H 2 +02
As this an endothermic reaction heat has to be added in order to make this chemical reaction happen. In case of electrolysis this may be in form of electric current. If the
temperature is sufficiently high this reaction may happen by adding heat alone, which is called in general a thermolysis. In recentyears various technologies have been developed by
use of catalysts to reduce the temperature of the thermolysis of water.
Fig. 1 shows an overview of an embodiment of the invention. In the present embodiment a
.0 thermolysis device 1is provided with heat from a heat source 4. The heat source 4 may be under-utilized heat of a chemical plant, an incinerator forwaste disposal, or other sources. The heat is used to warm up water until it boils and changes its phase from a liquid to steam, and to further heat the steam until it reaches the temperature where the process of the
decomposition of steam into its molecular components' hydrogen H 2 and oxygen 02 starts.
The mixture of hydrogen molecules H2and oxygen molecules 02is thenlet to the gas
separator module 2. The gas separator module 2 separates the oxygen molecules 02 from
the hydrogen molecules H 2. The hydrogen molecules H2may be collected and compressed to store them a compressed gas in a reservoir, such as a gas bottle. This would allow for
transporting the gas bottles with the compressed hydrogen to a location where the
hydrogen is needed, forexample as a fuel.In this embodiment, the hydrogen molecules H 2 are supplied as fuel, or as an additive to another fuelto an internal combustion engine 3. The internal combustion engine 3 is for example a conventional four-stroke engine which
produces work W. As any other gas or gasoline engine, this engine produces under-utilized
heat 5, which usually is not used and which may be transferred to the heat source 4 or alternatively be used as a second heat source for prewarming the water used in the thermolysis device 1.
In order to improve the efficiency of splitting the water into hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules the water H 20, before being applied to the thermolysis device 1 is nebulized in a
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 spray device 18 into water spray. In order not to pollute the water spray, as a medium to tear apart the water into water droplets the oxygen gas molecules 02, which art separated from the hydrogen molecules H2 in the gas separator 2 are supplied to the spray device 18.
We turn now to Fig. 2a which shows the gas separator device 2 in a side view. In this embodiment the gas separator device 2 is composed of a first gas separator module 21, a
second gas separator module 22, and a third gas separator module 23. In this embodiment the first, the second and the third gas separator module 21, 22, 23 are of identical build.
Each gas separator module 21, 22, 23 has the shape of a truncated cone, or to be more
.0 precise a conical frustum with a bottom side 24 and a top side 25, which are parallel to each other. In contrast to the usual terminology, when the areas of the bottom side 24 and the top side 25 are compared, the bottom side 24 is the side with the smaller area. This
terminology is used because in this application of gas separator modules 21, 22, 23 the inlet
for the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen molecules H 2, 02 , the mixture inlet 26, is on the
.5 plane with the smaller area, at the left-hand side in the drawings, i.e. the bottom side 24. The top side 25 of the conical frustum accommodates for the hydrogen outlet 27 which is on the right-hand side of each gas separator module 21, 22, 23 in the drawings, which can be
only seen for the third gas separator module 23, as the hydrogen outlet of the first and second gas separator modules are concealed in Fig. 2a.
The first gas separator module 21, the second gas separator module 22, and the third gas separator module 23 are arranged in series, i.e. the mixture inlet 26 of the second gas separator module 22 is connectedto the hydrogen outlet 27 of the first gas separator
module 21 and the mixture inlet 26 of the third gas separator module 23 is connected to the
hydrogen outlet 27 of the second gas separator 22. Due to this arrangement the mixture of
the decomposed hydrogen molecules H2and the oxygen molecules 02flows in Fig. 2a from the left-hand side to the right-hand side of the drawings. Each oxygen outlet 28 of the first gas separator module 21, the second gas separator module 22, and the third gas separator
module 23 are connected by an oxygen collection tube 30. For reasonsof clarity the oxygen collection tube is not shown in Fig. 2a, but is shown in Fig. 6. The distance between a bottom
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 area 24 and atop area 25 of each conicaIfrustum is about 90mm, so that the length of the gas separator device 2, comprising three gas separator modules 21, 22, 23 is about 270mm in total. These dimensions are an example for an application where the thermal converter/ gas separator unit supplies an internal combustion engine. It is evidentthat these dimensions vary with the power of the selected engine and may be smaller for smaller engines and larger for more powerful engines.
Each conical frustum of the gas separator modules 21, 22, 23 comprises inside the conical
frustum guiding elements6. The guiding elements 6 may consist of a single guiding element,
.0 or may be composed of a plurality of guiding elements 6. Effectively the guiding elements 6 form a spiral which extendsfrom the gas mixture inlet 24 to the hydrogen outlet 27 of each gas separator module 21, 22, 23. The spiral is not rotating but is fixed to the innerwalls of the conical frustum. As the innerwall is confining the spiral, a gas mixture, which is entered
at the gas mixture inlet 26 is forced by the gas pressure along the path of the spiral towards
.5 the hydrogen outlet 27 and the oxygen outlet 28 and cannot bypass the spiral along the inside of sidewall 29.
A mixture of gas molecules H 2 , 2which enters at the mixture inlet 26 of a gas separator module 21is accelerated by the pressure. The gas mixture is forced in direction of the lower
pressure, which is towards the hydrogen outlet 27 and the oxygen outlet 28. As there is no straight way towards the outlets 27, 28, the gas molecules of the gas mixture are forced to
follow the spiral 6. This forces the gas molecules in a rotation around an imaginary axis of the spiral 6 and exertsa centrifugal force on each gas molecule. As a centrifugal force is
proportional to the mass of an accelerated object, the oxygen molecules 02 with an atomic mass of thirty-two are accelerated sixteen times more than the hydrogen molecules H 2 with an atomic weight of two. The oxygen molecules therefore are accelerated by the centrifugal force radially away from the imaginary axis of the spiral, i.e. in direction of the sidewall 29 of
the gas separator, whereas the hydrogen molecules H 2 , in relation to the oxygen molecules
02 stay closer to the imaginary axis of the spiral. Therefore, the spiral separatesthe gas mixture H 2, 02 that gas molecules close to the sidewall 29 of the gas separator 21 are
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 substantially oxygen molecules 02, and gas molecules close to the imaginary axis of the spiral are substantially hydrogen molecules H 2. Thus, the gas molecules exiting trough the hydrogen outlet 27, which is in the centre of the top side 25 are substantially hydrogen molecules H 2, and gas molecules exiting the oxygen outlet 28, which is at the sidewall 29 with the largest diameter.
In real world applications the separation of the gas molecules may not be as perfect as in theory, the gas molecules exiting the hydrogen outlet 27 still may contain a certain
percentage of oxygen molecules 02. To further extract the remaining oxygen molecules in
.0 orderto purify the gas mixture, the present embodiment proposesa second gas separator 22, and if needed furthergas separators 23 in succession. At each stage more and more
oxygen molecules 02are removed so that at the hydrogen outlet 27 of the last stage the hydrogen molecules are available in the targeted purity.
.5 In orderto improve the efficiency of the separation, in the present embodimentthe sidewall 29 of the gas separator is not a perfectcircle but is an ellipse. An ellipse has a small axis and perpendicular to the small axis a long axis. When the gas molecules are forced along the
elliptical conical spiral 6 each time, they pass the smaller axis of the elliptical cross section, theyare additionally accelerated towards the longer axis of the elliptical cross section in
front of them. In the present embodiment the smaller axis of the elliptical cross section at the bottom side 24 is 40mm and the longeraxis of the elliptical cross section is 60mm. At the
top side 25 of each gas separator 21, 22, 23 the smaller axis is 60mm and the longer axis is 90mm. This results in an eccentricity ratio of 60mm divided by 40mm and 90mm divided by
60mm, which is 1.5 for both cross sections. In the present embodiment this ratio is uniform along the central axis of the conical frustum.In this embodimentthe eccentricity ratio is the
same forall three stages, i.e. the first gas separator device 21, the second gas separator device 22, and the third gas separator device 23.
Fig. 3 shows a cross section of a gas generator10. A tube 13 is wound in serpentinesfrom the fluid inlet 11 to the gas outlet 12 forming a lattice. As this is a cross section only one
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 layer of lattice is visible and the drawing shows an arrangement of the tubes for only one stack. However,the gas generator 10 comprises a plurality of lattices, one stacked behind each other. With more than one stack the tube 13 at the end 12 of one stack has to be connected with the inlet 11 of the next stack. Ideally the numbe r of stacks is chosen such that sufficient energy is introduced to the gas generator 10 in order to heat up the fluid entering through the fluid inlet 11 so a temperature that changes the phase of the fluid to a gas at the gas outlet 12.
The spray device 18 is inserted in the tube 13 afterthe fluid inlet 11. It may be inserted at a
.0 location where the water flowing through the tube 13 is almost boiling. The collecting tube 30 (not shown in Fig. 3) is connected to a spray medium inlet 19. In case the pressure is not sufficiently high, a compressor arranged between collecting tube 30 and spray medium inlet 19 may be used to increase the pressure of the oxygen to a sufficient level. This compressor
may be powered by the steam produced in the the gas generator 10 or may be powered by
.5 electrical energy.
Fig. 9 showsthe spraydevice 18 in more detail. The oxygengas molecules enterthe spray device 18 at a spray medium inlet 181. The spray device 18 has in a middle part a constriction with a suction inlet 19. Such a spray device usesthe well-known Venturi effect.
Towards a spray outlet 183 the sucked in water is torn apart by the accelerating oxygen molecules into little droplets and creates a water spray. The enlarged surface of the water
droplets supports a faster boiling of the water molecules.
Fig. 4 shows a gas superheater/ reactor device 14 with a similar structure. A lattice of tubes
16 extendsfrom a gas inlet 15 to the mixture inlet 26 of the gas separator 21. When stacked togetherthe tubes form a cube. In this embodimentthe tubes16 are arranged such that they create a recess 17, which accommodates the gas separator 21. The gas generator/ gas
superheater/ reactor devices are contained in a common housing 9. The housing 9 further contains a water reservoir 7 with a water refill inlet 71. Between the water reservoir7 and the superheater/ reactor device 14 are arranged thermoelectrical generator pads 8. Due to
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 the high temperature difference between the water reservoir 7 and the gas superheater/ reactor device 14 the thermoelectrical generator pads 8 can produce considerable electrical power.This power may be applied directly, or afterconversion to a suitable voltage to create an electrostatic field in the gas separator 21, 22, 23. For this purpose the bottom section 24 of the gas separator must be insulated from the top section 25 of the gas separator. The output voltage of the thermoelectrical generator pads 8, or voltage converter respectively is applied to the bottom section 24 and the top section 25. The electrostatic field in addition accelerates the gas molecules.
.0 Fig. 5 shows in an alternative embodimenta reactor module 40 to build a gas generator/ gas superheater/ reactor device with tubes 41 which are orientated in parallel, in the drawing
from the bottom-side to the topside. The tubes 41 are thermally connected by a connecting grid 42. At the lower end of the drawing the tubes 41extend into a bottom plate 43 and on
the upperside of the drawing the tubes41 extend into a top plate 44. In case the reactor
.5 module is a bottom module the bottom plate 43 comprises channels, which cannot be seen in the drawings, which connect two neighboured tubes 41. In case the reactor module 40 is an intermediate module the tubes 41 extend in the bottom plate into through holes. A
bottom module and a intermediate module both have a top plate 44 with through holes 46 which allow the fluids in the tubes41 to pass to another module which may be placed on top
of the reactor module 40. This maybe a top module, which mirrors the bottom module, i.e. the bottom plate 43 has through holes and the top plate has channels to connect a pair of
tubes such that the tubes of the whole a gas generator/ gas superheater/ reactor device circulates in a serpentine through all tubes41. With this modular design the gas generator/
gas superheater/ reactor device can be adopted to a size that corresponds with the available heat and the desired output of split gas molecules.
Another embodiment of the gas generator / gas superheater / reactor device 50 is shown in Fig. 6. In contrast to the reactor modules, it is built as non-modular. In this embodiment the
tubes41 run from the bottom plate 43 to the top plate 46. Similar to the previous embodimentthe top plate 46 and the bottom plate 46 provide channels which connect each
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 pair of neighbouredtubes41such that the tubes 41forma single serpentine with one fluid inlet and one mixture outlet. The mixture outlet is concealedin this drawing and is below the first gas separator module 21. In this embodimentthree gas separator modules 21, 22, 23 are connected in line. The last gas separator modules comprise the hydrogen outlet 23.
The oxygen outlets 28 end in the oxygen collection tube 33.
In one of the applications of the invention is the use of the produced hydrogen H 2 in a combustion engine. As it is known, when hydrogen is combusted with air, it burns with the
oxygen contained in the air to water, so that it is environmentally friendly.
Fig. 7 showsa gas generator/ gas superheater/ reactor device 60, orthermal converter 60 which is composed of a gas generator device 40 and a gas superheater/ reactor device 50. The superheater/ reactor device 50 comprises a recess dimensioned to accommodate the
gas separator modules 21, 22, 23 fit. This type of construction allows foran optimized use of
.5 space and avoids at the same time that heat is wasted. Figure 7 shows an application of the thermal converter60 in a combustion engine. In Fig, 7 the bottom of the thermal converter 60 is placed on top of an exhaust manifold of a combustion engine. The arrows show the
exhaustgases flowing from the exhaust manifold into the thermal converter 60, through the lattice of tubes41, 51 to the top of the thermal converter 60. The thermal converter 60 is
enclosed by a housing, which is not shown for reasons of clarity. The housing has inlets 91 (Fig. 8) on the bottom side which match openings of the exhaust manifold and has outlets 92
(Fig. 8), which match openings of an exhaust collector manifold, which is placed on top of the thermal converter. The housing 9 ensuresthat the under-utilized heat of the exhaustgas
of the combustion engine is guided into the thermal converter 60.
Fig. 8 showsthe thermal converterfrom a similar angle as in Fig. 7, but with wire frames indicating the housing 9 of the thermal converterl,2.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1 to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not to be limited to the examplesand designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.
It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country.
o In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" orvariations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense,
i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or
addition of furtherfeatures in various embodimentsof the invention.
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1
Claims (12)
1. A thermal converter (1, 2) for generating from a parent compound a first fluid of first molecules (H2 ) with a first molecular weight and a second fluid of second molecules (02) with
a second molecular weight, whereby the first molecular weight of the first molecules (H2 ) is lessthan the second molecular weight of the second molecules (02), the thermal converter comprising:
- a spray device (18) for generating from the parent compound in fluid form a spray, which is supplied to a reaction device (1) forsplitting the parentcompound
.0 into a mixture compound of the first molecules (H2 ) and the second molecules
(02);
- a gas separatordevice (2) comprising a mixture inlet (26) forthe mixture compound of the first and the second molecules and a first and a second outlet
.5 (27, 28), the first outlet (27) providing substantially the first molecules (H2 ) and the second outlet (28) providing substantially the second molecules (02).
2. Thermal converter (1,2) according to claim 1, wherein the spray device (18) makes use of the Venturi effect.
3. Thermal converter (1,2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spray device (18) is connected with a suction inlet (182) to a fluid reservoir(7) wherein the fluid reservoir
(7) contains the parent compound, and with a spray outlet (183) to a gas generator
inlet of the reactor device (1).
4. Thermal converter (1,2) according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein either the first or the second outlet (27. 28) of the gas separator (2) is connected to a spray medium inlet (181) of the spray device (18).
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1
5. A thermal converter (1, 2) according to one of claims 3or4, the reaction device (1) further comprising a gas generator (10), an inlet of which is connected to the spray
outlet (183) of the spray device (18).
6. A thermal converter(1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reaction device (1) is heated by a heat source (4).
7. A thermal converter (1, 2) according to claim 6, wherein the reaction device (1) is
comprised of a lattice of connecting tubes exposed to the heat source (4).
8. A thermal converter (1,2) according to one of claims 4, wherein the spray device (18) has a constriction (191) and wherein the suction inlet (19) leads into the constriction (191)
.5
9. An arrangement of a thermal converter (1,2) according to one of claims 1- 8 and a combustion engine (3) forthe combustion of a first stream of first molecules (H2
) wherein a first outlet (27) of the thermal converter(1,2) is connected to intake valves
of the combustion engine (3).
10. Arrangement according to claim 9, wherein heat produced by the combustion engine (3) is transferred to the reactor device (2) of the thermal converter(1,2).
11. A reaction device (1) forgenerating from a parent compound a first fluid of first
molecules (H2 ) with a first molecular weight and a secondfluid of second molecules (02) with a second molecular weight, wherebythe first molecular weight of the first
molecules (H2 ) is less than the second molecular weight of the second molecules (02),
the reactor device (1) comprising a spray device (18) for generating from the parent compound in fluid form a spray, which is supplied to the reaction device (1) for
splitting the parent compound into a mixture compound of the first molecules (H2) and the second molecules (02).
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1
12. A method to generate hydrogen and oxygen gas comprising the steps of:
- converting water into a spray of water droplets; - exposing the water droplets to a first heat source for generating steam;
- exposing the steam to a second heat source for superheating the steam into supercritical steam;
- splitting the supercritical steam into hydrogen molecules (H2 ) and oxygen
molecules (02); - separating the hydrogen molecules (H2) and the oxygen molecules (02).
18305008_1 (GHMatters) P117138.AU.1
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021229172A AU2021229172A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2021-08-25 | Thermal Inverter Box |
| AU2022335000A AU2022335000A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Thermal inverter box |
| TW111132164A TW202317921A (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Thermal inverter box |
| CA3229935A CA3229935A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Thermal inverter box |
| PCT/IB2022/057960 WO2023026226A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Thermal inverter box |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021229172A AU2021229172A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2021-08-25 | Thermal Inverter Box |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2021229172A1 true AU2021229172A1 (en) | 2023-04-06 |
Family
ID=85775847
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021229172A Pending AU2021229172A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 | 2021-08-25 | Thermal Inverter Box |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2021229172A1 (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-08-25 AU AU2021229172A patent/AU2021229172A1/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US20110056457A1 (en) | System and apparatus for condensation of liquid from gas and method of collection of liquid | |
| ITUB20155317A1 (en) | ORC binary cycle geothermal plant and process | |
| JP6132491B2 (en) | System and method for treating carbon dioxide | |
| US20090038315A1 (en) | Ion pump and an electrochemical engine using same | |
| CA2710932C (en) | Rotating device | |
| US7407382B2 (en) | Steam generator in a heat regenerative engine | |
| TW201040463A (en) | Once through evaporator | |
| AU2021229172A1 (en) | Thermal Inverter Box | |
| CA3229935A1 (en) | Thermal inverter box | |
| AU2021106610A4 (en) | Thermal Inverter Box | |
| US20240017992A1 (en) | Thermal inverter | |
| US7412946B1 (en) | Water tube boiler | |
| KR102426856B1 (en) | hydrogen generation device of car | |
| TWI639765B (en) | Composite green energy purifier | |
| CN104791753A (en) | Climbing-film steam generator | |
| RU2076929C1 (en) | Peak power generation process and combined-cycle plant for its implementation | |
| KR20190000620U (en) | Hydrogen-energy Carbon-removal Energy-saving Device | |
| SU1578409A1 (en) | Recovery boiler | |
| Ikame et al. | Performance analysis of combustion engines with CO sub (2) separator using aqueous monoethanolamine solution | |
| JP2003314802A (en) | Waste heat recovery boiler | |
| JPS5841206A (en) | Steam turbine equipment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | Assignment before grant (sect. 113) |
Owner name: TI-HOLDINGS B.V. Free format text: FORMER APPLICANT(S): MC 2020 SCPM |