AU2021107368A4

AU2021107368A4 - A Method For Fabricating Nanomaterial Reinforced Aluminum Based Hybrid Nanocomposite

Info

Publication number: AU2021107368A4
Application number: AU2021107368A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Ashish Kumar; Krishna Kumar; Rashmi Maheshwari; Akhileshwar Nirala; Haridwar Prasad; Rajendra Prasad; Gaurav Sharma; Anil Shrivastava; Shatrughan Soren
Original assignee: Prasad Rajendra Dr; Shrivastava Anil Dr; Soren Shatrughan Dr
Current assignee: Prasad Rajendra Dr; Shrivastava Anil Dr; Soren Shatrughan Dr
Priority date: 2021-08-25
Filing date: 2021-08-25
Publication date: 2022-01-06
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-25

Abstract

Nanostructures are viewed as definitive fiber materials as a reinforcement for matrices because of their impressive properties. Because of their phenomenal mechanical properties Carbon nanotubes CNTs), Graphene (GR), and Nanodiamond(ND) have made an enormous proportion of intensity in research over the world. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene, and Nano Diamond were utilized as reinforcements for the current work. Nanostructures with their extraordinary strength, minute size, and high aspect ratio were used as reinforcements in commercial purity Al matrix. These nanocomposites were manufactured by various routes such as casting and powder metallurgy techniques. These nanocomposites were manufactured with various weight fractions of reinforcements and characterized for their mechanical properties and indicated improved properties in contrast with the base Al matrix. AI/MWCNT nanocomposites, AI/MWCNT/graphene hybrid nanocomposites, and AI/MWCNT/graphene/nanodiamond hybrid nanocomposites samples were tested for their mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, percentage elongation yield strength, and ultimate strength.

Description

AUSTRALIA

Patents Act 1990

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION A METHOD FOR FABRICATING NANOMATERIAL REINFORCED ALUMINUM BASED HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE

The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me

A METHOD FOR FABRICATING NANOMATERIAL REINFORCED ALUMINUM BASED HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE BACKGRAPHENEOUND

[001] Field of the invention

[002]Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a fabrication method and particularly to a fabrication of nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite.

[003] Description of Related Art

[004]Nanotechnology is interdisciplinary in science, engineering, and technology. It deals with nanoscale, which ranges from 1-100nm in at least one of the dimensions. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the research areas that are concerned with minute things. Basic science, Human Science, materials science, and engineering are the various scientific fields that might be used. Nanomaterials are a more and more essential product of nanotechnologies. Among the invention of various nanometer-size materials, one in all the foremost stable sp2 carbon-bonded materials like helical microtubules of carbon fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have triggered the study in this field of nanocomposites. The 2 major types of Carbon Nano Tubes are - SWNT & MWNT (Single-walled Nanotubes & Multi-walled Nanotubes) - which may have very high structural perfection. CNTs were initially found from a method called CVD (Chemical vapor deposition). Since then, the synthesis strategies of nanotubes are advanced impressively. In the last few years, nanotubes have caught exceptional attention within the analysis space of composites. Arc discharged technique is one of the methods to synthesize CNTs and therefore the mechanical properties were ascertained to be valuable in producing the composites.

[005]NDs are produced by a method called detonation synthesis (NDDS). NDDSs are equipped for forming isodiametric nanosized 'unbreakable aggregates' which will be used as a good modifying agent for giving increased mechanical characteristics of the filled polymers. Because of its small size and a high number of surface atoms, NANO DIAMOND has varied uses [15,16,17]. Carbon nanotubes are found to have a high Young's modulus of the order of 1 TPa, which makes perfect reinforcement for composite materials. Treatment of CNT/Al composites, mechanical portrayal, and composite reinforcement is connected to numerous instruments and mechanisms.

SUMMARY

[006] Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide a method for fabricating nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite, the method comprises the steps of dispersing the reinforcements in ethanol, wherein the reinforcements are selected from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene (GR), nanodiamonds (ND); sonicating the dispersed reinforcements for 20 minutes at room temperature using an ultrasonicator; drying the sonicated reinforcements at 1200 Celsius; hard pressing the reinforcements with powdered aluminum in a die under a pressure of 130 kilo Newton (kN) to derive billets of size 20 mm in diameter; melting the billets using a furnace at a temperature of 993 kelvin, wherein the furnace is a vacuum sintering furnace; extruding aluminum multiwalled carbon nanotube (AI/MWCNTs) sample; testing mechanical properties of the extruded sample.

[007] Embodiments in accordance with the present invention further provide The AI/MWCNTs samples may also be fabricated using the casting method, the method comprising steps of: melting pure aluminum (Al) ingot inside a furnace; adding reinforcements to the melted Al in a fixed proportion, wherein the reinforcements may be selected from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene (GR), nanodiamonds (ND); stirring the molten mixture using a stirrer; pouring the molten mixture into a clay graphite crucible; testing mechanical properties of the extruded sample.

[008] Embodiments of the present invention may provide a number of advantages depending on its particular configuration.

[009]The preceding is a simplified summary to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present invention. This summary is neither an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the present invention and its various embodiments. The summary presents selected concepts of the embodiments of the present invention in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be appreciated, other embodiments of the present invention are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The above and still further features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of embodiments thereof, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and wherein:

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a method for fabricating nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite using a powder metallurgy technique, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a method for fabricating nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite using a casting technique, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] FIG. 3 depicts the fracture image obtained from scanning electron microscope, according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0014] FIG. 4 depicts a cross section for 2 wt.% Al-MWCNT extruded sample subjected to tensile testing and deeply etched showing individual MWCNTs aligned in the extrusion direction, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or the claims. As used throughout this application, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). Similarly, the words "include", "including", and "includes" mean including but not limited to. To facilitate understanding, like reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate like elements common to the figures. Optional portions of the figures may be illustrated using dashed or dotted lines, unless the context of usage indicates otherwise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0017] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises," and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having" and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0018] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0019] Materials: Among all the accessible materials, Al-based MMCs are found to be appropriate materials for structural applications in the field of aircraft and automotive industries, since they possess a number of excellent properties like lightweight, ductility, highly conductive, corrosion-resistant, and high strength-to-weight ratio. Since the entire spotlight has dependably been on PMCs, and exceptionally less work has been achieved out on the MMCs of nanomaterials (MMNCs). MMNCs with carbon-bonded nanomaterials as reinforcement can be expected to indicate a spectacular improvement in the values of stiffness and hardness. Al is considered as the essential entrant for carbon bond nanomaterials reinforcement. According to embodiments of the present invention, commercial purity Al may be used as a matrix. Table 1 indicates the chemical compositions for commercial purity Al.

Al Fe Si Ni Zn Mn Cu Mg

99.77 0.095 0.083 0.015 0.013 0.011 0.005 0.005

Table 1: Composition of commercial-purity Al (wt.%)

[0020] Al-based matrix composite materials possess a wide range of applications in the field of aviation, spacecraft, and automobile industries because of their low density.

Particulates-reinforced MMC is one among the novel basic structural materials, and persistent development has been observed in recent years because of its exceptional properties and in-depth application prospects within the future. Based on the size and shape of the reinforcement materials and among the several available nanomaterials, here the carbon nanotubes mwcnts, graphene, and nano diamond are considered. CNTs are self-assembling nanostructures; they have received much consideration as exemplary systems for nanoscience and various applications, along with composites the other applications embrace battery electrode materials, nano-electronics, and nanoscale sensors. The CNTs system has a particular interest in its unique structure and properties, they have very low size (- 0.42 nm in diameter) and the mechanical properties of the same are as shown in Table 2.

SWNT MWNT Property (Single-walled Nano (Multi-walled Nano Tubes) Tubes)

Young's modulus (GPa) 1054 1200

Tensile strength (GPa) 150 150

Density (g/cm3) 2.1 2.6

Table 2: Properties of SWCNT and MWCNT

[0021] The production of graphene is presently a hot research theme, as the manufacturing process of graphene defines its mechanical properties & as a consequence of its applications. It ought to even be noted that there's no single technique for the synthesis of GRAPHENE that yields the foremost ideal properties for each sensible application; hence, a number of production methods of GRAPHENE have been reported. NDs are synthesized by different methods such as, high-energy ball milling using high-pressure high-temperature diamond microcrystal, method of detonation, plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation, etc.), laser ablation, etc. Table 3 represents the properties of nanomaterials.

Density Dimensions Length thickness Diameter (g/cc)

Fullerene OD < 1 nm < 1 nm < 1 nm -1.7

SWCNTs 1D pm level - 0.75-3 -2.1 nm

MWCNTs 1D pm level - < 100 nm -2.1

3RAPHENE 2D - < 1 nm - -2.2

NANO 2D pm level pm level - ~ 2.62 DIAMOND

Table 3: The structured properties of nanomaterials

[0022] Fabrication of Nanocomposites:

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite may be fabricated using a powder metallurgy method. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite may be fabricated using a casting method.

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a method for fabricating nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite using a powder metallurgy technique, according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] At step 102, the reinforcements may be dispersed in ethanol. According to embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcements may be selected from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene (GR), Nanodiamonds (ND). the reinforcements maybe in powder form.

[0026] At step 104, the dispersed reinforcements may be sonicated for 20 minutes. The process of sonication may be performed at room temperature using an ultrasonicator.

[0027] At step 106, the sonicated reinforcements may be dried at 1200 Celsius. Thus, obtained reinforcements are free from impurities and are used as reinforcements.

[0028] At step 108, the dried powdered reinforcement may be uniaxially hard pressed with powdered aluminum in a die under a pressure of 130 kilo Newton (kN). The purpose of powder mixture compaction is to derive billets of size 20 mm in diameter. The derived product may be called a green compact.

[0029] At step 110, the green compact may undergo a process of sintering. The green compact may be melted using a furnace at a temperature of 993 kelvin in a controlled atmosphere condition ( nitrogen). The process of sintering helps in increasing the bond structure involving the particles and consequently helps for strengthening the powder metal compact. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the furnace used for sintering green compact is a vacuum sintering furnace. The most important factors which govern the sintering process are atmosphere, temperature, and time. Further, the vacuum sintering furnace may be used with voltage in the range of 220V to 380V; max. temperature up to 16000 C; working temperature up to 800°C; the heating rate at 0 to 200 C/min.

[0030] At step 112, aluminum multiwalled carbon nanotube (AI/MWCNTs) samples may be extruded at 5600 Celsius from 20 mm to a diameter of 8 mm and to a length of 120 mm.

[0031] At step 114, the extruded samples may be tested for determining mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the samples may be tested using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) following ASTM 8 standards. Similarly, the samples may also be scanned using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Further, tensile testing will be explained in detail in conjunction with FIG. 2.

[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates a method 200 for fabricating nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite using a casting technique, according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] At step 202, pure aluminum (AI) ingot may be melted inside a furnace. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the Al ingot may be melted in a resistance-heated muffler furnace. The temperature of the melt may be raised to a value of 993 Kelvin inside the furnace.

[0034] At step 204, reinforcements may be added to the melted Al in a fixed proportion. The reinforcements may be selected from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene (GR), nanodiamonds (ND). According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcement may be added in a fixed 0.5 weight percentage (wt.%). According to another embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcements may be added in a fixed 1 weight percentage (wt.%). According to another embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcements may be added in a fixed 1.5 weight percentage wt.%. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcements may be added in a fixed 2 weight percentage (wt.%).

[0035] At step 206, the molten mixture may be stirred using a stirrer to evenly mix the reinforcements into the Al.

[0036] At step 208, the molten mixture may be poured into a clay graphite crucible. The crucible may be left for a predefined time to settle down and solidify.

[0037] At step 210, the casted sample may be tested for determining the mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the samples may be tested using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) following ASTM 8 standards. similarly, the samples may also be scanned using a scanning electron microscope (SEM)

[0038] Tensile testing:

[0039] The test samples were prepared in accordance with the ASTM 8 standard and Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was utilized to conduct the Tensile test. The specimen used for the tensile test may have a gauge length of 40 mm, a diameter of 13 mm, and a reduced diameter of 8 mm. The test may be carried out under static loading conditions to determine the yield strength and tensile strength of the material. Both the hot extruded and cast samples of hybrid nanocomposites were machined on a lathe to achieve a reasonably required surface finish. These samples of a dimension of diameter 4-mm and gauge length 40 mm were commercially tested on a UTM for their mechanical properties. INSTRON machine may be used to carry out tension test.

[0040] The Table 4 indicates the strength of commercial-purity Al synthesized by casting and powder metallurgy.

Property Casted PM

Hardness (BHN) 40 44

% Elongation 19 17

Young's Modulus (GPa) 69 71

Yield Strength (MPa) 80 81

Ultimate Tensile Strength 125 125 126 (MPa)

Table 4: Tensile properties of commercial-purity Al

[0041] Table 5 depicts the tensile properties of AI/MWCNT nanocomposites; the results illustrate that in comparison with casted samples powder metallurgy samples showed sufficient transfer of the load from the matrix to fiber as shown by increasing trend in Young's modulus and yield strength values with increase in weight percentage of fiber. The ultimate strength of the cast samples does not increase due to the non homogeneous dispersion of reinforcements in the composite and specimen breakage at the grips during the tension test. With an increase in reinforcement weight percentage of MWCNTs in AI/MWCNT nanocomposites, a downward trend was observed for ductility for both cast and powder metallurgy samples. There was a variation in the hardness up to 1.5 wt.%; thereafter there was no significant change. This was due to the saturation of the reinforcement in the matrix.

Ultimate Young's Yield Strength Tensile Modulus (MPa) Strength % Elongation Composition (GPa) (MPa) Casted PM Casted PM Casted PM Casted PM

Al/1wt.% 77.5 82 95.95 97 151 153 9.1 8 VIWCNTs Al/1.5wt.% 82.72 86 98.6 99 152 157 8.43 7.88 VIWCNTs Al/2wt.% 84.67 85 98.2 101.3 150 157 7.92 7.46 VIWCNTs Table 5: Tensile properties of AI/MWCNT nanocomposites

[0042] The results shown in Table 6 states that, Young's modulus for 1 wt.% MWCNT/GRAPHENE reinforced commercial-purity Al composites increased by 14.67%for cast and16.8% composite samples prepared by powder metallurgy route. Similarly, when yield strength is considered, it is observed that there is an increment of % and 21% for the composite samples prepared by casted and powder metallurgy routes respectively. For the 1.5 wt.% the value of Young's modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength of Al_/MWCNT nanocomposites, showed an increase of 21.22%, 24.29%, and 22.8% for the casted composite samples, and 22.05%, 22.8%, and 26% for the powder metallurgy samples, respectively.

AI/lwt.% of 78 82 98 100 152 162 9 8.32 MWCNTs &

GRAPHENE AI/1.5wt.% of 84 91 99 112 159 170 7.9 7.1 MWCNTs &

GRAPHENE AI2wt.% of 85.5 94 98 114 162 167 8 7.6 MWCNTs &

GRAPHENE Table 6: Tensile properties of Al-based MWCNT/GRAPHENE hybrid nanocomposites

[0043] It was also seen for the Al composite strengthened by 2 wt.% MWCNT/ GRAPHENE. The Young's modulus and yield strength showed an increase from the matrix value for the casted samples by 22.7% and 22.75%, and for the powder metallurgy samples by 20% and 26%. The ultimate strength showed an improvement from the matrix value, however, when compared to the 1 wt. % and 1.5 wt. % AlI /

MWCNT / GRAPHENE composites, there was a reduction. The increase in strength leads to a reduction in ductility. Compared to the powder metallurgy samples, the casted samples also showed good strength and rigidity. This is achieved by the uniform distribution of MWCNT & graphene reinforcements in PM technology compared with the casting method.

[0044] Early results of the graphene reinforcement of MWCNT/graphene alone cannot produce very high mechanical properties. if the nanodiamond is used together with

MWCNT and graphene as one of the reinforcements, very good mechanical properties are expected. Compared to the base metal, the mechanical properties of the composites are expected to be enhanced even with the low volume fraction of the reinforcement provided there is adequate wetting between the reinforcement and the matrix for load transfer. The tensile properties of AI_/MWCNT/NANO DIAMOND nanocomposites are shown in table 7 the results depict that the composite Young's modulus and yield strength increases with an increase in the wt.% of the fiber, indicating a sufficient transfer of the load from the matrix to the fiber in samples prepared from powder metallurgy route compared to the casted samples. The ultimate strength in the casted samples does not increase basically due to the non-homogeneous dispersion of the composite reinforcements as well as breakage of the sample in the grips during the tension test. In both the cases (casted and PM) The ductility of composite samples showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the wt.% of reinforcement MWCNTs in nanocomposites Al_/MWCNT/ND.

A/1wt.% MWCNTs + 79 84 97 106 156 165 9.6 8 GRAPHENE+ NANO DIAMOND AI/1.5wt.% WCNTs + 86 93 100 115 164 178 6.8 7 GRAPHENE+ NANO DIAMOND AJI/2wt.% WCNTs + 88 99 99 117 166 180 7 5.9 GRAPHENE+ NANO DIAMOND Table 7: Tensile properties of Al-based MWCNT/graphene/nanodiamond hybrid nanocomposites

[0045] For 1 wt. percent MWCNT/graphene/nanodiamond strengthened commercial purity Al composites, the results show that Young's module increased by 14 percent and 16.22 percent for the composite samples of cast and powder metallurgy respectively. The yield strength of the casted and powder metallurgy composite samples also improved by 21.3% and 22.23% respectively. For the 1.5 wt.%, the value of Young's modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength for AI/MWCNT nanocomposites increased by 22.98%, 24%, and 23.6% for the casted composite samples and by 22%, 23%, and 26% for the samples prepared by powder metallurgy route.

[0046] For the Al composite reinforced by 2 wt.% of MWCNT/graphene/nanodiamond, the Young modulus and yield strength increased from the matrix value by 24% and 25.8% for the cast samples and by 26% and 27.8% for the powder metallurgy samples. It showed improved results when the reinforcement used as nanodiamond was 2%. The final strength showed a betterment in the matrix value compared to the AI/MWCNT

& AI/MWCNT/graphene composites of 1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%. The strength increases lead to ductility reduction. The casted samples also showed good strength and stiffness compared with the powder metallurgy samples. Composites carrying 2 wt.% MWCNT/graphene/nanodiamond resulted in higher tensile strength because of the existence of fewer microvoids and good interface strength. In addition, due to the same reason, the strength of the samples prepared by casted AI/MWCNT/graphene/nanodiamond composites showed lower results compared to samples prepared by the powder metallurgy route. The proper distribution of reinforcement throughout the matrix shows improved results in yield strength to the base matrix. When the temperature exceeds Al's melting point MWCNTs are also predicted to react with Al

[0047] FIG. 3 depicts the fracture image obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM), according to embodiments of the present invention. SEM is one of the tools for understanding materials behavior & reinforcements to the fracture surface of the composites, it can fetch much information related to the material. Fracture surface investigations obtained by SEM provide information about the failure mechanism and the reinforcement role. The MWCNT pullout, crack bridging and MWCNT deflection are easily visible in the fracture surface SEM image, which provides information about the strengthening mechanisms involved.

[0048] FIG. 4 depicts a cross section for 2 wt.% Al-MWCNT extruded sample subjected to tensile testing and deeply etched showing individual MWCNTs aligned in the extrusion direction, according to embodiments of the present invention. shows a heavily etched bulk composite sample that was not tensile tested. CNTs are adjusted in the direction of extrusion, which in the final composite can lead to anisotropic properties. In this sample, the voids formed and the CNTs are less present, proving that they are due to tensile testing.

[0049] While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and various embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0050] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined in the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements within substantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for fabricating nanomaterial reinforced aluminum based hybrid nanocomposite, the method comprises the steps of:

dispersing the reinforcements in ethanol, wherein the reinforcements are selected from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene (GR), nanodiamonds (ND);

sonicating the dispersed reinforcements for 20 minutes at room temperature using an ultrasonicator;

drying the sonicated reinforcements at 1200 Celsius;

hard pressing the reinforcements with powdered aluminum in a die under a pressure of 130 kilo Newton (kN) to derive billets of size 20 mm in diameter;

melting the billets using a furnace at a temperature of 993 kelvin, wherein the furnace is a vacuum sintering furnace;

extruding aluminum multiwalled carbon nanotube (A/MWCNTs) sample;

testing mechanical properties of the extruded sample.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, the AI/MWCNTs samples were extruded at 5600 Celsius from 20 mm to a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 120 mm.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the AI/MWCTs were extruded at a pressure of 100 MPa applied through a hydraulic press.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, the vacuum sintering furnace has operating parameters selected from, but not limited to, a voltage in the range of 220V to 380V; a maximum temperature of 16000 C; a working temperature of 8000C; and the heating rate in a range of 0 to 200 C per minute.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, the tensile strength of the samples were tested using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) following ASTM 8 standards.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, the samples were scanned using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

7. The AI/MWCNTs samples may also be fabricated using the casting method, the method comprising steps of:

melting pure aluminum (Al) ingot inside a furnace;

adding reinforcements to the melted Al in a fixed proportion, wherein the reinforcements may be selected from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Graphene (GR), Nanodiamonds (ND);

stirring the molten mixture using a stirrer;

pouring the molten mixture into a clay graphite crucible;

testing mechanical properties of the extruded sample.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the reinforcements are added in a fixed proportion selected from, 0.5 weight %, 1 weight %, 1.5 weight %, and 2 weight %.

9. The method as claimed in claim 7, the tensile strength of the samples were tested using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) following ASTM 8 standards.

10. The method as claimed in claim 7, the samples were scanned using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).