AU2021107064A4 - Non-contact human respiration detection with radar signals - Google Patents
Non-contact human respiration detection with radar signals Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/0816—Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/113—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb occurring during breathing
- A61B5/1135—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb occurring during breathing by monitoring thoracic expansion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S13/583—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2505/00—Evaluating, monitoring or diagnosing in the context of a particular type of medical care
- A61B2505/07—Home care
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
SA radar signal processing pipeline that processes raw radar signals for signal enhancement and
noise reducing, which is used for human respiration detection. The radar sensor continuously
collects I channel data and Q channel data. The two-channel data are then transformed by a
convolutional transformer. The transformed data are combined as a unified series data for the
detection of human breath rate using the frequency distribution method.
Drawings
___________ ______________________________107
106 Estimator Data
108
105 Transformer 103 109
110
104Collector Memory
Detector 10
101
Figure 1
104 /~\/d Collector
113
112 Ichanneldata Q channel data
105 Transformer
Transformed I Transformed0 115
114 channel data channel data
116 / Unified data
Frequency
117 distribution
106 /\- Estimator
Figure 2
Description
Drawings
___________ ______________________________107 108 106 Estimator Data
103 109 105 Transformer 110 104Collector Memory Detector 10 101 Figure 1
104 /~\/d Collector
113 112 Ichanneldata Q channel data
105 Transformer
Transformed I Transformed0 115 114 channel data channel data
116 / Unified data
Frequency 117 distribution
106 /\- Estimator
Figure 2
Non-contact human respiration detection with radar signals
Field of the Invention
[0001] This invention relates to human respiration detection (breath rate) based on radar signals.
Background of the Invention
[0002] It is reported that 49% of males aged 40-69 years have problems with sleep apnea and the number increases to 62% in males aged over 70 years. Sleeping apnea is related to many health problems, such as daytime drowsiness, hypertension, heart attack, stroke, memory loss, diabetes, depression and insomnia. It may even cause early death in specific scenarios. Respiration detection during sleeping is a key to detect apnea, which could be inferred to some health issues.
[0003] There is no commercial product or solution for in-home respiration detection. The reasons can be summarized in the following two-folds. Firstly, compared to monitoring respiration, monitoring the heartbeat rate is more popular as it can be easily accessed by many wearable devices, such as smartwatches and ECG devices. Secondly, different to heartbeat rate that could be reflected by other kinds of signs, monitoring breath rate can only be accessed by counting the ups and downs of the chest. These two facts limit the development of non-contact human respiration detection.
[0004] As radar signals could reflect ups and downs of the chest, the present invention proposes to process and analyze radar signals for the detection of respiration.
[0005] The existing methods using radar signals to detect respiration are transforming radar signals into a frequency distribution, and then count the respiration within the reasonable frequency. A major challenge of such methods is that the generated frequency distribution can be easily and significantly affected by the environment, thus the frequency distribution contains many unexpected noises which impedes the accuracy of respiration detection.
Therefore, the present invention aims to propose a robust radar signal processing pipeline to minimize the variations of noise for respiration detection.
Summary of the Disclosure
[0006] The respiration detection system comprises a radar sensor and a convolutional transformer.
[0007] The collector collects continuous I channel signals and Q channel signals.
[0008] The collected I and Q channel signals are input to a convolutional transformer for signal enhancement and noise reduction.
[0009] The transformed I and Q channels are then combined as a unified series data for detection of respiration by the estimator.
[0010] The estimator uses a frequency distribution method to identify the breath rate.
Brief Description of the Drawings.
[0011] Figure 1 shows an exemplary radar-based respiration detection system in accordance with an embodiment.
[0012] Figure 2 shows exemplary data processing in the system of Figure 1 in accordance with an embodiment.
Description of Embodiments
[0013] Figure 1 shows a respiration detector 101 for a home environment, living room or the like.
[0014] Detector 101 comprises a collector 104, transformer 105 and estimator 106. The data 103 is operable in system memory 102 for interpretation and execution of the computational functionality.
[0015] In the embodiment shown, the radar device 107 is installed above ceiling 108.
[0016] The detector can be configured to detect the breath rate of a person 111 who is laying on bed 110 within a supervision area 109.
[0017] At a specific time t, the radar sensor 107 generates two kinds of signals, i.e., the I channel data 112 (denoted as It) and Q channel data 113 (denoted as Qt). By sequencing the I and Q channel data of a time period T(ti, t2 , ... , t, ), two series data could be obtained:
[0018] [Equation 1] I(T) [Itl, It2 ' -'' Itn]
[0019] [Equation 2] Q (T) [QtQt2' --- Qtn]
[0020] 1(T) and Q (T) will be then input to the proposed convolutional transformer 105 for signal enhancement and noise reduction, respectively. The convolutional transformer is composed of several ID convolution layers of which the details are disclosed in the table below:
LayerIndex Filter Size Filter Stride Pad Filter Channel
1 11 8 5 1024
2 3 1 1 2048
3 3 1 1 4096 4 3 1 1 4096
5 1 1 0 4096
6 3 1 1 4096 7 3 1 1 4096
8 3 1 1 2048
9 3 1 1 1024
10 1 1 0 1
[0021] Denoted the transformed I(T) and Q(T) as I(T) 114 and Q (T) 115, respectively. The
loss function to train the convolutional transformer is defined as below:
[0022] [Equation 3] L = z (- 7Qt_ -tL)1+ 2
[0023] Then, I(T) 114 and Q(T) 115 are combined as a unified series data 116 for the time
period T using the following equation:
[0024] [Equation 4] U(T) = arctanI( Q (T)
[0025] The unified series data U(T) 116 now can be processed into frequency distribution 117 as other methods adopted for respiration detection. In detail, the breath rate can be identified as the frequency (within 0.08Hz - 0.67Hz) that has the largest power in the frequency distribution.
[0026] The hyper-parameter n is empirically set to 60 seconds, however can be adjusted according to different environments.
[0027] The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that specific details are not required to practice the invention. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed as obviously many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the following claims and their equivalents define the scope of the invention.
[0028] The term "approximately" or similar as used herein should be construed as being within 10% of the value stated unless otherwise indicated.
Claims (3)
- Claims) 1. A non-contact respiration detection system, in operable communication with radar signals.
- 2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detector comprises a convolutional transformer for radar signal enhancement and noise reducing.
- 3. The system as claimed in claim 1 and 2, wherein the training loss is used to train the convolutional transformer with no requirement of manual labelling.
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EP3616611B1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2020-12-30 | ResMed Sensor Technologies Limited | Apparatus, system, and method for monitoring physiological signs |
US20100152600A1 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2010-06-17 | Kai Sensors, Inc. | Non-contact physiologic motion sensors and methods for use |
WO2010099268A1 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-02 | Xanthia Global Limited | Wireless physiology monitor |
EP2678709B1 (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2018-03-28 | Transrobotics, Inc. | System and method for sensing distance and/or movement |
WO2013177621A1 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-05 | Resmed Sensor Technologies Limited | Method and apparatus for monitoring cardio-pulmonary health |
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US11051702B2 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2021-07-06 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for non-contact fast vital sign acquisition based on radar signal |
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