AU2021105652A4 - System and Method of Validating a Core Orientation Measurement - Google Patents
System and Method of Validating a Core Orientation Measurement Download PDFInfo
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- AU2021105652A4 AU2021105652A4 AU2021105652A AU2021105652A AU2021105652A4 AU 2021105652 A4 AU2021105652 A4 AU 2021105652A4 AU 2021105652 A AU2021105652 A AU 2021105652A AU 2021105652 A AU2021105652 A AU 2021105652A AU 2021105652 A4 AU2021105652 A4 AU 2021105652A4
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Abstract
A core orientation validation system (10) comprising a primary core orientation
system (12) attached to a core barrel (24) and a validating core orientation system
(14). When the validating core orientation system (14) reaches a position proximate
the primary core orientation system (12) prior to breaking of the core, the validating
core orientation system (14) requests a current core orientation measurement from
the primary core orientation system (12). The received core orientation
measurement is then validated against a correlating core orientation measurement
determined from at least one measurement unit (36) forming part of the validating
core orientation system (14). In an alternative formulation, the validating core
orientation system (14) requests a current core orientation measurement from the
primary core orientation system (12) on physical connection with the primary core
orientation system prior (12) to breaking of the core.
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Description
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[0001]The invention relates to a system and method of validating a core orientation measurement. The invention is particularly suited to integration with a borehole camera such that the system may be further utilised to undertake borehole orientation measurements prior to validating the core orientation measurement taken by another system.
[0002]The following discussion of the background to the invention is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. However, it should be appreciated that the discussion is not an acknowledgment or admission that any of the material referred to was published, known or part of the common general knowledge in any jurisdiction as at the priority date of the application.
[0003]In mining operations, the drilling of a hole is performed with the assistance of multiple pipe segments. Each pipe segment is typically 3m or 6m in length. Thus a 100m plus drill hole typically comprises around 20 pipe segments.
[0004]Being made up of multiple pipe segments, it is not expected that the drill hole will be perfectly linear. In fact, in some instances, the ability of each pipe segment to be moved out of linear orientation relative to its adjacent pipe segments can be exploited to direct the drill hole to a desired location.
[0005]At the same time, the purpose of drilling the hole is to obtain one or more samples of the material being drilled. These drill samples can then provide geologists with information as to whether any minerals exist at the drilled location and/or whether the minerals exist in a quantity which makes mining commercially viable.
[0006]While the geologist can easily determine what minerals may exist in the drilled location, the question of whether the mineral exists in a commercially viable quantity is generally one that has to be determined through proving an ore body. Proving an ore body generally requires information not only of the drill hole itself, but also of the core samples taken from each drill hole.
[0007]To elaborate, measurements as to the orientation of the drill hole show the geophysical position of the point where the core sample is taken, but not the orientation of the core sample itself. Thus a separate orientation measurement is generally taken of the core sample. The combination of the two measurements - commonly referred to as borehole orientation and core orientation respectively - can then give the geologist and other mining professionals a better indication of the shape, size and position of the ore body.
[0008] However, unlike borehole orientation measurements which are typically reliable - or at least can be re-performed without issue, the driller must obtain an accurate core orientation measurement prior to extracting the core sample. It is therefore imperative that core orientation measurements be as accurate as possible to ensure that the core samples obtained provide as accurate a picture as possible of the ore body to the geologist or other mining professionals.
[0009]It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system for providing a separate validating core orientation prior to extraction of the core sample. A further optional object of the present invention is to provide this separate validating core orientation measurement as part of the process of obtaining one or more borehole orientation measurement.
[0010]Throughout this document, unless otherwise indicated to the contrary, the terms "comprising", "consisting of", and the like, are to be construed as non-exhaustive, or in other words, as meaning "including, but not limited to".
[0011]In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is a core orientation validating system comprising:
a primary core orientation system attached to a core barrel; and
a validating core orientation system
where when the validating core orientation system reaches a position proximate the primary core orientation system prior to breaking of the core, the validating core orientation system requests a current core orientation measurement system from the primary core orientation system and validates the received core orientation measurement system against a correlating core orientation measurement determined from at least one measurement unit forming part of the validating core orientation system.
[0012]In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is a core orientation validation system comprising:
a primary core orientation system attached to a core barrel; and
a validating core orientation system
where when the validating core orientation system makes a physical connection with the primary core orientation system prior to breaking of the core, the validating core orientation system requests a current core orientation measurement system from the primary core orientation system and validates the received core orientation measurement system against a correlating core orientation measurement determined from at least one measurement unit forming part of the validating core orientation system
[0013]In the context of this aspect of the present invention, physical connection need not be direct physical connection, but may also be connection by way of intermediate components..
[0014]In relation to either aspect of the invention, the at least one measurement unit may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, tri-axial accelerometers, tri-axial magnetometers.
[0015]In relation to either aspect of the invention, it is preferred that the validating core orientation system forms part of an overshot assembly. This makes it easier for drillers as the invention forms part of readily recognisable components used in the drilling process.
[0016]In relation to the second aspect of the invention, the primary core orientation system may be mechanically locked in place relative to the validating core orientation system when physical connection therebetween is established.
[0017]The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the present invention.
[0018]Specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0019]In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention there is a core orientation validating system 10 comprising:
• a primary core orientation system 12; * a validating orientation system 14.
[0020]The primary core orientation system 12 may take any form of existing prior art core orientation system, such as the OriShotTM series of core orientation tools developed by Coretell Pty Ltd of Maddington, Western Australia or the Reflex ACT T M series of core orientation tools offered for hire by the imdex Group of Companies of Osborne Park, Western Australia.
[0021]It is to be noted that a key requirement in determining the primary core orientation system 12 is that it must have existing wireless communication capabilities. For the purposes of this embodiment of the invention, the components that allow the primary core orientation system 12 to communicate wirelessly with other devices will be referred to as a communications unit 16. Similarly, the components that allow the primary core orientation system 12 to perform core orientation measurements and process same will be referred to, respectively, as the measurements unit 18 and the processing unit 20.
[0022]A further requirement of the primary core orientation system 12 is that it must connect at one end to a core barrel 24 and at its opposing end to an overshot connector 26.
[0023]In all other respects, the physical makeup of the primary core orientation system 12 and the components and methodology used to obtain core orientation measurements is immaterial to this invention.
[0024]The validating orientation system 14 comprises
• a downhole unit 30; and * a handheld unit 32.
[0025]The downhole unit 30 comprises a housing 34, a measurement unit 36, a processing unit 38, storage means 40, a communications unit 42 and a battery pack 44.
[0026]The housing 34 is cylindrical in shape. In this embodiment, the housing 34 is adapted at one end 46 to connect to the overshot retriever 48 and at a second end 48 to be connected to a wireline (not shown). The overshot retriever 48 is adapted to connect to a floating pin 50 forming part of the overshot connector 26. In this manner, the overshot retriever 48 and overshot connector 26 forms an overshot of standard construction as would readily be apparent to the person skilled in the art.
[0027] As the housing 34 is intended to protect the electronic components that form the measurement unit 36, processing unit 38, storage means 40, communications unit 42 and battery pack 44, the housing 34 also contains a plurality of cushioning layers (not shown). These cushioning layers increase in the robustness of their cushioning as they close in on the electronic components.
[0028]The measurement unit 36 consists of a vibrating structure gyroscope incorporating microelectromechanical systems technology 52 (more commonly referred to as a "MEMS gyroscope", a term which will be used throughout the remainder of this specification), tri-axial accelerometers 54 and tri-axial magnetometers 56.
[0029]The measurement unit 36 further consists of at least one additional measurement sensor 58. In this embodiment the at least one additional measurement sensor 58 is a temperature sensor.
[0030] The processing unit 38 comprises a low-power processor 60, read-only memory 62 and transitional memory 64. The processing unit 60 is in data and control communication with each of the MEMS gyroscope 52, tri-axial accelerometers 54 and tri-axial magnetometers 56. The processing unit 38 is also in data and control communication with the storage means 40 and communications unit 42.
[0031]The actual role of the processing unit 38 will be described in more detail below.
[0032]The storage means 40 primarily takes the form of flash memory. The capacity of the flash memory may vary according to user requirements.
[0033]The storage means 40 also includes components to facilitate the reading of data from, and the writing of data to, the flash memory. As such components are standard elements of most storage means 40 they will not be described further here and expected to be within the purview of the person skilled in the art.
[0034]The communications unit 42 takes the form of a radio frequency ("RF") transceiver. The RF transceiver is attuned to communicate with a like RF transceiver 66 contained within the handheld unit 32.
[0035] The battery pack 44 takes the form of a collection of lithium batteries configured in a manner as would be readily known by the person skilled in the art. The battery pack 44 provides power to the various elements of the downhole unit 30.
[0036]In addition to the RF transceiver 66 described above, the handheld unit 32 includes a user interface 68, battery 70 and ancillary processing unit 72.
[0037]The user interface 68 comprises a display 74 and membrane keypad 76. The role of the user interface 68 will be described in more detail below.
[0038]The battery 70 is a standard user-replaceable lithium battery that provides power to the various elements of the handheld unit 32.
[0039] The ancillary processing unit 72 comprises a low-power processor 78, read-only memory 80 and transitional memory 82. The ancillary processing unit 72 is in data and control communication with each of the display 74, membrane keypad 76 and RF transceiver 66.
[0040]This first embodiment of the invention will now be described in the context of its intended use.
[0041]The primary core orientation system 12 is set up by a driller (not shown) in accordance with its operating instructions and attached to the core barrel 24 and overshot connector 26. If not already configured to allow communication between the primary core orientation system 12 and the communications unit 42, a further calibration step might be performed to ensure that the communications unit 16, 42 can exchange data and control signals therebetween.
[0042] With the downhole unit 30 and the primary core orientation system 12 now able to communicate with one another, the driller then operates the primary core orientation system 12 as per its normal use up to the point where the primary core orientation system 12 is to be retrieved from the borehole along with the core barrel 24.
[0043]At this time the downhole unit 30 and handheld unit 32 are powered up. Powering up of the downhole unit 30 causes the low-power processor 60 to commence execution of a computer program stored in read-only memory 62 and using the storage space of transitional memory 64 as and when required. Similarly, powering up of the handheld unit 32 causes the low-power processor 78 to commence execution of a computer program stored in read-only memory 80 and using the storage space of transitional memory 82 as and when required.
[0044] Rather than continue to refer back to the operation of the low-power processors , 78, etc., for the remainder of this embodiment, descriptions of further functions of both the downhole unit 30 and the handset unit 32 should be read as the execution of software by way of the appropriate processor et. al. to achieve those functions.
[0045]As part of the initial instructions executed by the low power processor 60, the RF transceiver 42 is commanded to search for handheld units 32 within communications range. When the RF transceiver 42 identifies a handheld unit 32 within communications range, the RF transceiver 42 of the downhole unit 30 and the RF transceiver 66 of the handheld unit 14 establish a communications channel for future data and control communication between the two units 30, 32.
[0046]With a communication channel between the handheld unit 30 and downhole unit 32 established, the handheld unit 30 issues commands to the downhole unit 32 to perform a series of self tests. As the self tests are not important to the invention, they will not be described in more detail here.
[0047]Upon successful completion of the self tests, the downhole unit 30 sends a command signal to the handheld unit 32 to this effect.
[0048]Following receipt of this command signal, the handheld unit 30 reports to a user that the downhole unit 32 is ready for operation by way of an appropriate message conveyed via display 74.
[0049]To do this, the user presses the button of the membrane keypad 76 marked "New Survey". Pressing this button causes the low-power processor 60 to execute a series of commands that operate to request the user select the depth at which the desired measurement is to be taken.
[0050]Receipt of this command signal by the downhole unit 32 causes the low-power processor 60 to issue a command to the MEMS gyroscope 52 and each of the tri-axial accelerometer 54 and tri-axial magnetometers 56 to start their respective measurements. In this embodiment, this means obtaining a measurement associated with the orientation of the borehole and a separate orientation measurement which can be correlated with the orientation measurements taken by the measurements unit 18 of the primary core orientation system 12 (for example, a measurement in reference to top dead centre of the borehole). At the same time, the user commences their normal drilling procedure. As drilling progresses, at some point the communications channel between the downhole unit 30 and the handheld unit 32 is broken.
[0051]As drilling continues, the MEMS gyroscope 52, tri-axial accelerometers 54 and tri-axial accelerometers 54 each continues to operate, taking measurements at pre determined sample rates. In this embodiment, the pre-determined sample rates of each measuring system is the same so as to allow for easy cross-referencing of orientation measurements as determined by differing components. These measurements are then conveyed as digital values back to the low-power processor , with conversion from an analogue signal to a digital signal being performed as required.
[0052]At the same time the tri-axial accelerometers 54 operate to measure the effect of gravity on each of its orthogonal sensors, they also seek to obtain the then current temperature measurement as recorded by the additional measurement sensor 58. On receipt of the then current temperature measurement from the additional measurement sensor 58, the tri-axial accelerometers operate to adjust the orientation measurement as determined by its raw measurement values to compensate for temperature variations. This compensated value is then conveyed back to the low-power processor 60.
[0053]The additional measurement sensor 58 also operates to convey its measurements to the low-power processor 60.
[0054]On receipt of the various borehole orientation measurement values from each of the MEMS gyroscope 52, tri-axial accelerometers 54 and additional measurement sensor 56, the low-power processor 60 combines these values into a data record 84 along with an elapsed value. This data record 84 is then written to flash memory 40 for permanent storage.
[0055]At the surface, the driller has a corresponding stop watch (not shown) which operates to measure elapsed time. The driller uses this stop watch to make predetermined stops during the running of the survey deemed to correspond with particular depths of the borehole where it is desired to measure the orientation of the borehole. The elapsed time, as recorded by the stop watch is then noted by the driller for cross-referencing purposes when the downhole unit 30 is returned to the surface.
[0056]As the downhole unit 30 enters into communications range with the communications unit 16 of the primary core orientation system 12, a communication link between the two units is again established. Once established, the low power processor 60 issues a control signal to the processing unit 20 by way of the re established communications link, for the processing unit 20 to provide its current core orientation measurement as measured by way of the measurements unit 18.
[0057]On receipt of the current core orientation measurement determined by the measurements unit 18, the low power processor 60 operates to package this measurement along with core orientation measurements as determined by one or more of the MEMS gyroscope 52, the tri-axial accelerometers 54 or the tri-axial magnetometers 56. This package of core orientation measurements is then stored in storage means 40 for later recovery.
[0058]The driller then continues to lower the downhole unit 30 until such time as the overshot retriever 48 makes contact with the overshot connector 26. When this occurs, the driller uses techniques as are known in the art to ensure that the overshot retriever 48 captures the floating pin 50.
[0059]Once captured, the down hole unit 30 is physically connected to the primary core orientation system 12 and, by extension, the core barrel 24. However, the capture of the floating pin 50 by the overshot retriever 48 does not prevent movement between the two. Thus, it is possible for the primary core orientation system 12 to move relative to the downhole unit 30 during the retrieval process.
[0060]When the primary core orientation system 12, with core barrel 24 attached, has been retrieved to the surface, the user retrieves the handheld unit 32 and presses the "Retrieve Core Measurement" button of the membrane keypad 76. Pressing this button issues a command to the RF transceiver 66 to search for RF transceiver 42. When the RF transceiver 66 identifies the RF transceiver 42, the low-power processor 60 operates to communicate the package of core orientation measurements back to the handheld unit 32.
[0061]Once the handheld unit 32 receives the package of core orientation measurements, the low-power processor 78 operates to compare the core orientation measurement provided by the primary core orientation system 12 with the core orientation measurements taken by at least one of the MEMS gyroscope 52, the tri axial accelerometers 54 or the tri-axial magnetometers 56. If the comparison shows a discrepancy in core orientation measurements outside a set tolerance, this is considered anomalous and the handheld unit 32 informs the driller of this fact by way of the display 74. The driller is also displayed the extent of the discrepancy, for future reference by the geologist or other mining professional when seeking to determine a the proper orientation of the core.
[0062]However, if the comparison shows that the core orientation measurements are equal within the set tolerance, the driller is also informed of this fact by way of the display 74. The driller can then re-orient the core barrel 24 in accordance with the normal operating instructions of the primary core orientation system 12.
[0063]Using the invention as described in this embodiment, the driller can get an independent assessment of the orientation of the core barrel prior to breaking. In this manner, if there is a calibration failure of the primary core orientation system 12 or movement of the core barrel 24 during drilling, the validating orientation system 14 will indicate that this may have occurred and prompt further investigation. In either case, it may still be able to properly orient the core barrel 24 using the orientation measurements taken by the downhole unit 30.
[0064]In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, where like numerals reference like parts, the processing of the core orientation validating system is modified such that the downhole unit 30 operates to continuously request orientation measurements taken by the primary core orientation system 12 once the communication link between the downhole unit 30 and primary core orientation system 12 is re-established. These measurements are then stored in storage means 40 until such time as the overshot retriever 48 captures the floating pin 50.
[0065]When the downhole unit 30 senses that the floating pin 50 has been captured and a physical connection established with the primary core orientation system 12, the low-power processor 60 operates to package the orientation measurement received from the primary core orientation system 12 prior to connection with the core orientation measurements as determined by one or more of the MEMS gyroscope 52, the tri-axial accelerometers 54 or the tri-axial magnetometers 56. This package of core orientation measurements is then stored in storage means 40 for later recovery as per the first embodiment.
[0066]It is to be noted that in this embodiment, detection of capture of the floating pin is determined by a change in accelerometer measurement values.
[0067]In accordance with a third embodiment of the invention, where like numerals reference like parts, the low power-processor 60 operates to determine a core orientation measurement based on measurements taken by the MEMS gyroscope 52. However, as there is the potential for the MEMS gyroscope 52 to drift and thus produce inaccurate readings itself, the core orientation measurement determined from the MEMS gyroscope 52 may be cross-referenced against core orientation measurements determined by way of the tri-axial accelerometers 54 and/or the tri-axial magnetometers 56.
[0068]In this manner, if the MEMS gyroscope 52 core orientation measurement is deemed accurate, the low power processor 60 operates to package only the core orientation measurement taken by the MEMS gyroscope 52 with the core orientation measurement taken by the primary core orientation system 12 for later comparison as per the first embodiment of the invention. However, if the MEMS gyroscope 52 core orientation measurement is deemed inaccurate, the low power processor 60 operates to package either the core orientation measurement taken by the tri-axial accelerometers 54, the tri-axial magnetometers 56 or both along with the core orientation measurement taken by the primary core orientation system 12 for later comparison as per the first embodiment of the invention.
[0069]In accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention, where like numerals reference like parts, the downhole unit 30 may be further modified so as to be independent of the overshot retriever 48. In this manner, the downhole unit 10 maybe used independently to obtain borehole orientation measurements or to provide orientation measurements that can facilitate rig alignment.
[0070]It should be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that the above invention is not limited to the embodiment described. In particular, the following modifications and improvements may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention:
• [0071]While the invention has been described with reference to two separate components - i.e. a downhole unit 30 and a handheld unit 32 - it is possible to integrate the functionality of the handheld unit 32 into the downhole unit 30 and thus run the system as a single unit. However, there are significant operational disadvantages to this approach which lead the applicant to prefer the two unit approach as described. • [0072]The MEMS gyroscope 52 may be modified to also include the tri-axial accelerometers 54. • [0073]Storage means 40 in forms other than flash memory may be used with the invention. However, due to the environment in which the invention operates, storage means 40 with no moving parts are to be preferred to ensure reliability. • [0074]Communications between the handheld unit 32 and downhole unit 30 may be established by means other than a radio frequency transceiver. For instance, near-field communications technology, wi-fi or Bluetooth TM technologies may be employed instead of the RF transceiver. Similarly, the communications channel may be established by means of a wired connection, such as a USB connection. * [0075]In a similar fashion, the handheld unit 32 may take the form of a tablet computer or smart phone running app software to achieve the functionality described above.
• [0076]The downhole unit 30 may operate to perform the series of self tests on power up rather than on specific receipt of a command from the handheld unit 32. • [0077]The handheld unit 32 may be able to communicate one or more desired measurements to an external processing device and/or storage means such as a desktop computer, tablet computer, smart phone or portable hard drive. • [0078]Similarly, where the primary core orientation system 12 forms uses a handset, it is possible that the handset 32 be further modified to allow for control of both the primary core orientation system 12 and the validating orientation system 14. • [0079]The overshot retriever 48 and overshot connector 26 may be replaced with other forms by which a mechanical connection may be formed between the primary core orientation system 12 and the validating orientation system 14. Furthermore, it is preferable that such a mechanical connection lock the primary core orientation system 12 in place relative to the validating orientation system 14. • [0080]The primary core orientation system 12 and validating orientation system 14 may be configured to obtain other correlated orientation measurements beyond top dead centre. For instance a measurement of roll may be used to determine the correlated orientation measurements.
[0081]It should be further appreciated that even more embodiments of the invention incorporating one or more of the aforementioned features, where such features are not mutually exclusive, can be created without departing from the invention's scope.
Claims (5)
1. A core orientation validation system comprising:
a primary core orientation system attached to a core barrel; and
a validating core orientation system
where when the validating core orientation system reaches a position proximate the primary core orientation system prior to breaking of the core, the validating core orientation system requests a current core orientation measurement from the primary core orientation system and validates the received core orientation measurement against a correlating core orientation measurement determined from at least one measurement unit forming part of the validating core orientation system.
2. A core orientation validation system comprising:
a primary core orientation system attached to a core barrel; and
a validating core orientation system
where when the validating core orientation system makes a physical connection with the primary core orientation system prior to breaking of the core, the validating core orientation system requests a current core orientation measurement from the primary core orientation system and validates the received core orientation measurement against a correlating core orientation measurement determined from at least one measurement unit forming part of the validating core orientation system.
3. A core orientation validation system according to claim 1 or claim 2 where the at least one measurement unit is one or more of the following: a gyroscope, tri-axial accelerometers, tri-axial magnetometers.
4. A core orientation validation system according to any preceding claim, where the validating core orientation system forms part of an overshot assembly.
5. A core orientation validation system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, as dependent on claim 2, where the primary core orientation system is mechanically locked in place relative to the validating core orientation system when physical connection therebetween is established.
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| AU2021105652A AU2021105652A4 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2021-08-17 | System and Method of Validating a Core Orientation Measurement |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2016904470A AU2016904470A0 (en) | 2016-11-02 | System and method of validating a core orientation measurement | |
| AU2016904470 | 2016-11-02 | ||
| AU2017254918A AU2017254918B2 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2017-11-02 | System and method of validating a core orientation measurement |
| AU2021105652A AU2021105652A4 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2021-08-17 | System and Method of Validating a Core Orientation Measurement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CA2819532C (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2017-01-10 | Richard Parfitt | Core sample orientation |
| WO2013106885A1 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-25 | Globaltech Corporation Pty Ltd | Improvements to equipment and methods for downhole surveying and data acquisition for a drilling operation |
| EP3134600B1 (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2019-09-04 | Longyear TM, Inc. | Core barrel head assembly with an integrated sample orientation tool and system for using same |
| US11313191B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2022-04-26 | Globaltech Corporation Pty Ltd | Downhole surveying and core sample orientation systems, devices and methods |
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