AU2021105471A4

AU2021105471A4 - An impact monitor

Info

Publication number: AU2021105471A4
Application number: AU2021105471A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Michael Potas; Christopher SLEVIN
Original assignee: Cbm Ip Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Cbm Ip Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-13
Filing date: 2021-08-13
Publication date: 2021-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-13

Abstract

A HEAD IMPACT MONITOR ABSTRACT A head impact monitoring system for players of contact sports is described, the system including: a moutliguard unit, for fitment in use, into a mouth of a player, the mouthguard unit including: one or more accelerometers disposed in or on the mouthguard for sensing acceleration of the mouthguard during an impact event and sending acceleration data to an output; a computer processor in data communication with the output of the one or more accelerometers for processing acceleration data from the accelerometer; the computer processor being configured to receive data from a wireless module, the data relating to the distance from an earlobe of the player to the front teeth of the player; the computer processor being configured to calculate data on rotational and linear acceleration of impact events, and compare the rotational and linear acceleration from the accelerometer with a threshold, to produce processor threshold comparison output data; a display, in data communication wth the computer processor, for displaying the processor threshold comparison output data. A method for monitoring head impacts is also described. 1/9 22 30 762 M uthguard Assembly P wer PCBA ore PCBA Wireless powerLoBatr receive & B artery - Battery -- cnnc Accelerometer Charge t errupt Co gr 7 Cof I gureUser configuration and reporting App running on smartphone RF SOC. Bluetooth radio and microcontroller Wireless power transmitter 34 Figure 1 45 40 74 60 50 44 80 62

Description

1/9

22 30

M uthguard Assembly

P wer PCBA ore PCBA

Wireless powerLoBatr receive & B artery - Battery -- cnnc Accelerometer Charge

Co gr terrupt 7 I gureUser Cof configuration and reporting App running on smartphone

RF SOC. Bluetooth radio and 762 microcontroller

Wireless power transmitter

45 40 34 Figure 1 74 60 50 44 80

AN IMPACT MONITOR

Technical Field

1. The present technology relates generally to head impact monitors for use in contact

sports.

Background Art

2. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is associated with mild repetitive brain

trauma (RBT). CTE was once called dementia pugilistica(fistfighter'sdementia) but in

recent years it has been realised that there are many contact and semi-contact sports

which can cause CTE: Australian Rules Football, Rugby League, American Football, ice

hockey, wrestling, Rugby, Mixed Martial Arts, and more.

3. CTE is believed to be caused by repeated blows to the head and repeated episodes of

concussion or even sub-concussive impacts.

4. The symptoms are serious: mood swings, difficulty in thinking, confusion, headaches,

speech impediments, tremors, and perhaps even suicidality.

5. It is not known exactly how many blows, or how intense the head blows need to be to

cause CTE, but obtaining accurate data of a player's head trauma history seems a good

place to start. At least this seems likely to be able to track athletes' hits, and any possibly

associated progression of symptoms, and allow an informed decision to be made whether

to keep playing any one or more games. All this may facilitate the reduced likelihood of

developing CTE.

6. Some monitoring devices are available but they are expensive and cumbersome and they

tend to use a great many sensors and parts, which leads to high energy consumption and

processing time.

7. The present inventors seek to ameliorate one or more of the abovementioned

disadvantages, or at least provide an alternative to known monitoring devices.

Summary of Invention

8. In accordance with an aspect of the present invention there is provided a head impact

monitoring system for players of contact sports, the system including:

a mouthguard unit, for fitment in use, into a mouth of a player, the mouthguard

unit including:

one or more accelerometers disposed in or on the mouthguard for sensing

acceleration of the mouthguard during an impact event and sending acceleration data to

an output;

a computer processor in data communication with the output of the one or

more accelerometers for processing acceleration data from the accelerometer;

the computer processor being configured to receive data from a wireless

module, the data relating to the distance from an earlobe of the player to the front teeth

of the player; the computer processor being configured to calculate data on rotational

and linear acceleration of impact events, and compare the rotational and linear

acceleration from the accelerometer with a threshold, to produce processor threshold

comparison output data;

an output, in data communication wth the computer processor, for

presenting the processor threshold comparison output data.

9. In one embodiment the output is a display.

10. In one embodiment the output is a vibration unit.

11. In one embodiment the output is an audio unit for providing an audio signal.

12. In one embodiment the audio unit is disposed in a mobile device.

13. In one embodiment the audio unit is disposed in the mouthguard unit.

14. In one embodiment the output is connected to the wireless module for transmitting the

processor threshold comparison output data.

15. In one embodiment the display is a mobile device screen.

16. In one embodiment the display is one or more LEDs.

17. In one embodiment the wireless module is a Bluetooth Low Energy module.

18. In one embodiment the system further includes onboard power.

19. In one embodiment the onboard power is a rechargeable coin cell battery.

20. In one embodiment the onboard power is one or more of: a lithium ion battery; super

capacitor; energy harvesting module (such as movement, thermal, piezoelectric,

humidity).

21. In one embodiment the system further includes a wireless power recharging coil.

22. In one embodiment the accelerometer is a 3-axis accelerometer.

23. In one embodiment the microcontroller and BLE module is an RF System on Chip.

24. In one embodiment there is provided a user input.

25. In one embodiment the user input is a button.

26. In one embodiment the button is disposed on a front face of the mouthguard.

27. In one embodiment the button is disposed in the mouthguard on the palate side of the

teeth, where the tongue is, to provide a safety benefit: when an impact occurs, the lips

and teeth are protected from impact from a hard PCB.

28. In one embodiment the LED or display screen is disposed on the palate side of the teeth,

but will be bright enough to be seen on the front side of the teeth.

29. In accordance with another aspect of the present technology there is provided a method

of monitoring head impacts for players of contact sports, the method including the steps

of: receiving in a computer processor, acceleration data from one or more

accelerometers disposed in or on a mouthguard for sensing acceleration of the

mouthguard during an impact event;

receiving in the computer processor, configuration data being a length

measurement of the distance between an earlobe and front teeth of the player;

calculating, in the computer processor, rotational and linear acceleration of one or

more impact events, and

comparing the rotational and linear acceleration from the accelerometer with a threshold, to produce processor threshold comparison output data; displaying on a display, the processor threshold comparison output data.

30. In one embodiment the configuration data is received in a wireless module from a mobile device or other computing device.

31. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of measuring the distance between the earlobe and the front teeth with the mobile device.

32. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of receiving, in a mobile device, the distance measurement of the distance between the earlobe and the front teeth of the player.

33. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of calculating angular acceleration in the processor using the algorithms: a = a x 360 / (2 x R x d)

where a is the calculated angular acceleration in units of °/s/s, a is the linear acceleration

measured by the accelerometer in the axis parallel to the transverse axis of the body in units of cm/s/s, and d is the distance between the ear lobe and the front teeth of the player in units of cm.In one embodiment the method further includes the step of recording head impact events above the threshold in a memory on the processor.

34. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of, in the processor, categorising head impact event data into three threshold categories.

35. In one embodiment the method further includes step of categorising head impact events into five threshold categories.

36. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of categorising head impact events into five threshold categories: above 5G linear acceleration and 100 deg/s/s angular acceleration; above 1OG linear acceleration and 200 deg/s/s angular acceleration; above 20G linear acceleration and 400 deg/s/s angular acceleration; above 40G linear acceleration and 800 deg/s/s angular acceleration; and above 80G linear acceleration and 1600 deg/s/s angular acceleration.

37. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of individually configuring (or setting) customised threshold categories.

38. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of displaying a data field on a display of a user interface for receiving a user input for entering, in the computer processor of the mobile device, threshold configuration data being the threshold of one or more linear and/or angular acceleration.

39. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of transmitting the configuration data wirelessly to a mouthguard impact monitoring system.

40. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of causing a repeating flash on the display if the head impact event is calculated to be above the second threshold.

41. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of causing a repeating flash on the display, once every five seconds, if the head impact event is calculated to be above the second threshold.

42. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of causing a repeating flash on the display, twice every five seconds, if the head impact event is calculated to be above the third threshold.

43. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of causing a repeating flash on the display, three times every five seconds, if the head impact event is calculated to be above the fourth threshold.

44. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of causing a continuously repeating flash on the display until the device is reset.

45. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of causing a reset of the display upon a press of the user interface button.

46. In one embodiment the method further includes the step of causing the head impact acceleration data and threshold comparison data to be uploaded by the wireless module to a mobile device upon request by the mobile device.

47. In accordance with another aspect of the present technology there is provided a method of monitoring head impacts for players of contact sports, the method including the steps of: displaying, on a display screen of a mobile device, a representation of the side elevation view of a player's head, with a line indicating the distance between the earlobe and front teeth of the player; presenting a data field for receiving a user input for entering, in the computer processor of the mobile device, the configuration data being the length measurement of the distance between the earlobe and front teeth of the player; transmitting the configuration data wirelessly to a mouthguard impact monitoring system; receiving data from the mouthguard impact monitoring system on impact intensity and number of impacts relative to a selected one or more thresholds; displaying on a display, the processor threshold comparison output data.

48. In accordance with yet another aspect of the present technology there is provided a

charging station for an impact-sensing mouthguard unit, the charging station including:

a charging station body;

an inductive charger at one end of the charging station body; and

a mouthguard unit dock disposed adjacent the inductive charger.

49. In accordance with still another aspect of the present technology there is provided a

a charging station body;

an inductive charger on or in the charging station body; and

a mouthguard unit dock disposed adjacent the inductive charger.

50. In one embodiment the inductive charger is a pad for receiving the mouthguard unit

thereon.

51. In one embodiment the charging station body includes a hollow container.

52. In one embodiment the hollow container includes drain holes.

53. In one embodiment the charging station body includes a plate.

54. In one embodiment the charging station body includes an elongate element to facilitate

holding or gripping one end by a user.

55. In one embodiment the dock includes a retainer for holding the mouthguard unit adjacent

the inductive charger.

56. In one embodiment the retainer includes a strap.

57. In one embodiment the retainer includes a rubber band.

58. In one embodiment the retainer includes hooks or catches for the strap or rubber band.

59. In one embodiment the retainer includes anchor points for the strap or rubber band.

Brief Description of Drawings

60. In order to provide a clearer understanding, the invention will be described with

reference to the attached drawings, and in those drawings:

61. Figure 1 is a schematic view of components of a system for monitoring head impacts in

accordance with an embodiment of the technology;

62. Figure 2 is a screen caused to be presented on a mobile device which provides an input

to a calculation method for measuring impact intensity by estimating angular

acceleration;

63. Figure 3 is a screen on a mobile device which displays impact threshold categories;

64. Figure 4 is a screen on a mobile device which displays data relating to impact event

intensity and number;

65. Figure 5 shows a flowchart containing steps in a method for measuring and monitoring

head impacts;

66. Figure 6 is a front view of an inductive charger for the system;

67. Figure 7 is a front view of the inductive charger shown with a mouthguard unit shown in

a charging position;

68. Figure 8 is a rear view of the inductive charger shown with the mouthguard unit shown

in the charging position; and

69. Figure 9 is a plan view of an impact sensing mouthguard unit.

Description of Embodiments

70. Referring to the drawings there is shown a schematic arrangement of a head impact

monitoring system, generally indicated at 10.

71. The head impact monitoring system 10 includes a mouthguard unit 20, for fitment in

use, into a mouth of a player 5. The mouthguard unit 20 includes one or more

accelerometers 30 disposed in or on a mouthguard 22 for sensing acceleration of the

mouthguard 22 during an impact event and then sending acceleration data to an output 34.

The one or more accelerometers 30 may be in the form of one 3-axis accelerometer 32, or

there may be three different single-axis accelerometers orthogonally arranged, depending on

the space requirements and the like.

72. Further included in the mouthguard unit 20 is a computer processor 40 in data

communication with the output 34 of the one or more accelerometers 30 for processing

acceleration data from the one or more accelerometers 30. The computer processor 40 is

configured to receive data from a mobile device 80 via a wireless module 50, the data

relating to the distance 7 from an earlobe of the player 5 to the front teeth of the player 5.

The wireless module 50 is a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module 52, but it could be other

kinds of wireless modules running other protocols, including WiFi 802.11 or other suitable

protocol. The microcontroller 40 and BLE module is an RF System on Chip 42 but it may be

any suitable processor.

73. The computer processor 40 is further configured to calculate data on rotational and linear

acceleration of impact events, and compare the rotational and linear acceleration from the

accelerometer with a threshold, to produce processor threshold comparison output data.

There is provided a user input device 44 which is a button 45, disposed on the rear face of

the mouthguard. The button 45 is configured to reset the processor to recommence

monitoring after one or more measured impacts over a selected threshold.

74. The mouthguard unit 20 also includes a display 60, in data communication wth the

computer processor 40, for displaying the processor threshold comparison output data. The

display is one or more LEDs 62, but it may be an LCD screen, or there may be an audible

alarm or a vibration module instead of a display 60; as long as there is a notification felt or

seen or heard by the player or a coach, the technology will be functioning in accordance

with an embodiment of the invention.

75. The mouthguard unit 20 also includes onboard power 70, which is a rechargeable coin

cell battery 72. The battery 72 is charged by a wireless power recharging coil 74.

76. EXAMPLE

77. The processor 40 is configured to implement a method of monitoring head impacts for

players of contact sports. First, the processor 40 is caused to receive, via the wireless

module 52, configuration data from a mobile device 80, the configuration data being a

length measurement of the distance between an earlobe and the front teeth of the player

5. The processor 40 may have already received, at the time of programming, or may now

receive, data from a user relating to the impact threshold categories for head impact

events. This means, say, that data defining five threshold categories may be received

from the mobile device 80 as set out below:

above 5G linear acceleration and 100 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 1OG linear acceleration and 200 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 20G linear acceleration and 400 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 40G linear acceleration and 800 deg/s/s angular acceleration; and

above 80G linear acceleration and 1600 deg/s/s angular acceleration.

78. The mobile device 80 may be caused to display a data input field in which a user is

invited to input data relating to up to five or more impact thresholds, both linear and

angular acceleration. Then the mobile device transmits those to the processor 40.

79. It is contemplated also that the processor may transmit all impact data upon receipt from

the accelerometer for processing by the mobile device 80. In that example, the processor

in the mobile device receives all the impact data from processor 40 and compares the

impact data with the threshold data stored onboard the mobile device 80 and then the

mobile device re-transmits the impact category data back to the processor 40 for display

or alert as set out below.

80. The processor 40 after receiving the configuration data, is caused to adopt a sleep state to

conserve battery life. The accelerometer 30, after receiving an impact of a selected

intensity, sends acceleration data related to the impact to the computer processor 40

through the output 34. This data transmission causes the processor 40 to wake up and

commence processing the impact data, obtaining a rotational acceleration using the configuration data and linear acceleration data of the one or more impact events. Then, the processor compares the rotational and linear acceleration from the accelerometer with one or more thresholds stored in the processor memory, to produce processor threshold comparison output data. Then, the processor is caused to display on the display, the processor threshold comparison output data.

81. Calculating the angular acceleration data is achieved by using the following algorithm:

Angular accel (degrees/s/s) = Linear accel (cm/s/s) * 360/2pi r(cm)

82. Once the angular acceleration data has been calculated, the processor is caused to

compare the data with a lookup table which contains various threshold data for

categorising the real data.The processor is caused to categorise head impact events into

five threshold categories as set out below:

above 5G linear acceleration and 100 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 1OG linear acceleration and 200 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 20G linear acceleration and 400 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 40G linear acceleration and 800 deg/s/s angular acceleration; and

above 80G linear acceleration and 1600 deg/s/s angular acceleration.

83. If the head impact event is above the first threshold but under the second, the processor

records the impact but makes no change to the display. The processor 40 causes a

repeating LED flash, once every five seconds, if the head impact event is calculated to

be above the second threshold but below the third. The processor 40 causes a repeating

flash on the display, twice every five seconds, if the head impact event is calculated to be

above the third threshold but below the fourth. The processor 40 causes a repeating flash

on the display, three times every five seconds, if the head impact event is calculated to be

above the fourth threshold but below the fifth. The processor 40 causes a continuously

repeating flash on the display until the device is reset if the impact intensity is calculated

to be above the fifth threshold.

84. The processor 40 is responsive to a press of the button 45 to reset the processor 40.

85. The mouthguard unit 20 is configured for use with a mobile device 80 running an

application on its operating system. The application causes the processor in the device 80

to display certain user interfaces which are shown in the Figures. First, the device 80

displays, on a display screen of the mobile device 80, a representation of the side

elevation view of a player's head 5 (shown in Figure 2) , with a line 7 indicating the

distance between the earlobe and front teeth of the player 5. The mobile device 80 can

also present on the display shown in Figure 2, a data field 99 for receiving a user input

for entering, in the computer processor of the mobile device, the configuration data

being the length measurement 7 of the distance between the earlobe and front teeth of

the player 5. The mobile device 80 then transmits that configuration data wirelessly to

the BLE module 45 of the mouthguard unit 22. The mobile device 80 also is configured

to receive data from the mouthguard unit 22 relating to impact intensity and number of

impacts relative to a selected one or more thresholds (shown at Figure 3). The mobile

device 80 can also be received from the mouthguard 22 via the BLE module 45 and

displaying on the display, the processor threshold comparison output data and other raw

data.

86. The threshold categories may be refined by the user for each player, as shown on the

screen on Figure 4.

87. The steps in the example method are shown in Figure 5.

88. Figures 6 to 8 show a charging station generally indicated at 85. The charging station 85

is configured to charge an impact-sensing mouthguard unit 22. The charging station 85

includes a charging station body 87, which itself includes an inductive charger 88 at one

end 89 of the charging station body 87, and a mouthguard unit dock 75 disposed adjacent

the inductive charger pad 84 at the other end for receiving the mouthguard unit 22

thereagainst.

89. The charging station body 87 includes an elongate element 79 which is in the form of a

plate 73. The plate 73 is elongate with electronic controller 72 for the inductive charger

88 at one end and to facilitate provision of a handle or grip region at that end, and the

pad 84 at the other end.

90. The dock 75 includes a retainer 71 for holding the mouthguard unit 22 adjacent the

inductive charger pad 84. The retainer includes catches 69 in the form of hooks 68 for

retaining the retainer 67 which is in the form of a rubber band 66.

91. Figure 9 shows an early prototype mouthguard unit 22 which shows the device on one

PCB, shown on the inside of the teeth, adjacent the palate of a user when in use. There

are other prototypes now available and being refined at the time of writing wherein the

impact monitor is disposed on two PCBs, disposed and arranged as set out below. A first

PCB includes only the power electronics (battery 72, battery monitoring and power

regulation, wireless recharging coil 74), and the second PCB contains the micro

processor 40, LED 62, button 45 and accelerometer 32. Both PCBs are disposed behind

the teeth adjacent the palate of the user when in use.

92. It will be understood to persons skilled in the art of the invention that many

modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

93. It is to be understood that any prior art publication referred to herein does not constitute

an admission that the publication forms part of the common general knowledge in the

art.

94. In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except

where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication,

the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an

inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the

presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE PRESENT INVENTION:

1. A head impact monitoring system for players of contact sports, the system including:

a mouthguard unit, for fitment in use, into a mouth of a player, the mouthguard unit

including:

one or more accelerometers disposed in or on the mouthguard for sensing

acceleration of the mouthguard during an impact event and sending acceleration data to an

output;

a computer processor in data communication with the output of the one or more

accelerometers for processing acceleration data from the accelerometer;

the computer processor being configured to receive data from a wireless module,

the data relating to the distance from an earlobe of the player to the front teeth of the

player; the computer processor being configured to calculate data on rotational and linear

accelerometer with a threshold, to produce processor threshold comparison output data;

an output, in data communication wth the computer processor, for presenting the

processor threshold comparison output data.

2. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the output is a

display.

3. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with claim 1 or 2 wherein the output is

a vibration unit.

4. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein

the output is an audio unit for providing an audio signal.

5. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with claim 4 wherein the audio unit is

disposed in a mobile device.

6. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with claim 4 or 5 wherein the audio

unit is disposed in the mouthguard unit.

7. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the output is connected to the wireless module for transmitting the processor threshold

comparison output data.

8. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims I to 7 wherein

the display is a mobile device screen.

9. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein

the display is one or more LEDs.

10. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims I to 9 wherein

the wireless module is a Bluetooth Low Energy module.

11. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10 further

including onboard power.

12. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with claim 11 wherein the onboard

power is a rechargeable coin cell battery.

13. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims I to 12 further

including a wireless power recharging coil.

14. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims I to 13 wherein

the accelerometer is a 3-axis accelerometer.

15. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims I to 14 wherein

the microcontroller and BLE module is an RF System on Chip.

16. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with any one of claims I to 15 wherein

there is provided a user input.

17. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with claim 16 wherein the user input is

a button.

18. The head impact monitoring system in accordance with claim 17 wherein the button is

disposed on a front face of the mouthguard.

19. A method of monitoring head impacts for players of contact sports, the method including

the steps of:

receiving in a computer processor, acceleration data from one or more accelerometers disposed in or on a mouthguard for sensing acceleration of the mouthguard during an impact event; receiving in the computer processor, configuration data being a length measurement of the distance between an earlobe and front teeth of the player; calculating, in the computer processor, rotational and linear acceleration of one or more impact events, and comparing the rotational and linear acceleration from the accelerometer with a threshold, to produce processor threshold comparison output data; presenting, on an output, the processor threshold comparison output data.

20. The method of monitoring in accordance with claim 19 wherein the step of presenting includes causing an audio unit to make a sound.

21. The method of monitoring in accordance with claim 19 wherein the step of presenting includes causing a vibration unit to vibrate in a selected pattern.

22. The method of monitoring in accordance with claim 19 wherein the step of presenting includes displaying a visual signal on a display.

23. The method of monitoring in accordance with claim 19 wherein the step of presenting includes displaying a visual signal on an LED.

24. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the configuration data is received in a wireless module from a mobile device or other computing device.

25. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 24, further including the step of measuring the distance between the earlobe and the front teeth with the mobile device.

26. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 25, further including the step of receiving, in a mobile device, the distance measurement of the distance between the earlobe and the front teeth of the player.

27. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 25, further including the step of calculating rotational acceleration in the processor using the algorithms:

Angular accel (degrees/s/s) = Linear accel (cm/s/s) * 360/2pi r(cm)

28. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 27, further

including the step of recording head impact events above the threshold in a memory on the

processor.

29. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 28, further

including the step of categorising head impact events into three threshold categories.

30. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 29, further

including the step of categorising head impact events into five threshold categories.

31. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 30, further

including the step of categorising head impact events into five threshold categories:

above 5G linear acceleration and 100 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 1OG linear acceleration and 200 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 20G linear acceleration and 400 deg/s/s angular acceleration;

above 40G linear acceleration and 800 deg/s/s angular acceleration; and

above 80G linear acceleration and 1600 deg/s/s angular acceleration.

32. The method of monitoring in accordance with anyone of claims 19 to 31, further

including the step of causing a repeating flash on the display if the head impact event is

calculated to be above the second threshold.

33. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 32, further

including the step of causing a repeating flash on the display, once every five seconds, if

the head impact event is calculated to be above the second threshold.

34. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 33, further

including the step of causing a repeating flash on the display, twice every five seconds, if

the head impact event is calculated to be above the third threshold.

35. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 34, further

including the step of causing a repeating flash on the display, three times every five

seconds, if the head impact event is calculated to be above the fourth threshold.

36. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 35, further including the step of causing a continuously repeating flash on the display until the device is reset.

37. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 36, further including the step of causing a reset of the display upon a press of the user interface button.

38. The method of monitoring in accordance with any one of claims 19 to 37, further including the step of causing the head impact acceleration data and threshold comparison data to be uploaded by the wireless module to a mobile device upon request by the mobile device.

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Figure 2

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Figure 3

Display threshold group warning

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Figure 4

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Receive configuration data 2021105471

Receive acceleration data

Calculate linear and angular acceleration

Compare acceleration data with threshold

Categorise data into threshold group

Output Display threshold group warning

Figure 5

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Figure 6

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Figure 7 87

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Figure 8

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