AU2021105410A4 - A nano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance and its preparation process thereof - Google Patents
A nano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance and its preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910017926 Ag NW Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000695274 Processa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
- G02F1/0081—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention generally relates to a nano-composites based
smart membrane device with enhanced performance comprises a two ITO
(Indium tin oxide) filmed glass substrates are configured on either side
for ion transportation on application of external bias; a cathode and an
anode electrodes engaged on either side after the ITO , which are
electrically conducting and transparent in visible spectrum ; and a central
layer configured as an electrolyte nano material membrane for promoting
a medium of charge relocation at ON and OFF condition on application of
external voltages, wherein central layer is excellent conductor for small
voltages, while a decent insulator for open-circuit condition.
19
100
GlassSubstrates 1I0 | W e (TO, ... parent
Conducing Oxide
(TCO) Layer104
Cathode Electrodes Anode Electrodes
106 108
Central Lay
Figure
selectingtwo ibstratesoneithersideofthedevice
framingndium TinOide(ITO)/trarnsparentconductingoxide(TCO)layerovertheglasssibstratLe 204
foriontrarsporti[- applicationofexternalbias
engagingacathodeandananodeelectrodesoneithersideaf Mrjrjq TO,wNcharetrarssparentin 206
visiblespectrumardelectricallycornmuuIg
4208
configuringacentrallayerasanelectrolytenanomaterialmembraneforprornotirigamediumof
chargerelocationatONarndOFFcorfitiononapplicationofexternalvoltages,whelreincentrallayer
isexcellentcond1ictorforsmallvoltages,whileadecentirksulatorforoper-circuitcondition
Figure
Figure 3
Description
GlassSubstrates 1I0 | W . . parent e (TO, Conducing Oxide (TCO) Layer104
Cathode Electrodes Anode Electrodes 106 108
Central Lay
Figure
selectingtwo ibstratesoneithersideofthedevice
framingndium TinOide(ITO)/trarnsparentconductingoxide(TCO)layerovertheglasssibstratLe 204 foriontrarsporti[- applicationofexternalbias
engagingacathodeandananodeelectrodesoneithersideaf Mrjrjq TO,wNcharetrarssparentin 206 visiblespectrumardelectricallycornmuuIg
4208 configuringacentrallayerasanelectrolytenanomaterialmembraneforprornotirigamediumof chargerelocationatONarndOFFcorfitiononapplicationofexternalvoltages,whelreincentrallayer isexcellentcond1ictorforsmallvoltages,whileadecentirksulatorforoper-circuitcondition
Figure
Figure 3
The present disclosure relates to a nano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance and its preparation process thereof.
Recent nanotechnology research has sparked interest in developing a variety of applications that include all elements of human controllability, comfort, and energy efficiency. In the contemporary sector of many Electrochromic or smart display applications, this sophisticated technology cultivates appropriate attention. Electrochromism is a phenomenon in which some materials change colour when a bias is applied externally. When it comes to energy efficiency, light management, and durability, electrochromic glass is multifunctional.
The history of chromism dates back to 1704, when Prussian blue changed colour from clear to blue due to iron oxidation. When heated in a hydrogen gas environment, however, pure tungsten trioxide changed its colour. The transition from deep blue to transparent state is caused by ion intercalation and de-intercalation. The colouration in W03 thin film causes for the application of external bias. The W03 is a versatile EC material. Electrochromic devices for tiny digital information displays began to be developed in the mid-1970s. For the development of various electrochromic material-based films, several researchers used various approaches. Nb 2 0s thin film coating is formed through two different sol gel method, sonocatalytic and conventional coating. The film reached ~ 8 8 % transmittance in visible region.
Following that, researchers focused on depositing WO 3 from metallic W using RF sputtering. This film is further tested in a temperature range of 303-673K on various substrates, with a transmittance of 80- 50% recorded. The transmittance is inversely proportional to this temperature. Another Electrochromic device comprised of W0 3 , NiO and Ta 2 05 filmed on ITO glass fabricated by Wang et al. by two different process DC magnetron sputtering and cathodic vacuum arc plasma. The device developed by sputtering showed enhanced optical characteristics.
Subsequently, W0 3 - Nb 2 05 film is developed using fast alternating bipolar pulse magnetron sputtering. W0 3 - Nb 2 05 film treated at different sputtering power and the highest transmittance is reported as 91% in visible spectra. Recently, another electrochromic device is fabricated usingW03 , NiO as electrochromic and counter electrode on ITO coated glass substrate, respectively. Here, a nano- membrane of Ta 2 0s is used for an applicable optical enrichment. This device is fabricated by high resolution sputter coater system. In the decolouration condition it exhibits 8 8 .9 % peak transmittance while in colouration state the average transmittance is found to be 16.1% in the visible spectra.
In the view of the forgoing discussion, it is clearly portrayed that there is a need to have a nano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance and its preparation process thereof.
The present disclosure seeks to provide as mart membrane device based assembly and its manufacturing process comprises of a five-layered Nanosystem molecular structure in between two glass substrates on either side so that the device is able to perform and function as an electric dimming device in a self-controlled manner at nanoscale.
In an embodiment, anano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance is disclosed. The device includes a two ITO (Indium tin oxide) filmed glass substrates that are configured on either side for ion transportation on application of external bias. This ITO film is considered as the Transparent Conducting Oxide layer (TCO) for the electrochromic device. The device further includes a cathode and anode electrodes engaged on either side after the ITO, which are electrically conducting and become transparent in visible spectrum. The device further includes a central layer configured as an electrolyte nanomaterial membrane for promoting a medium of charge relocation at ON and OFF condition on application of external voltages, wherein central layer is excellent conductor for small voltages, while a decent insulator for open-circuit condition.
In an embodiment, ultra-thin nano-membrane layers comprise of EC film as cathode and counter electrode film as anode, which signifies the coloration and bleaching states.
In an embodiment, W03 is doped with O.lwt% of Ag NW and Li~to form the electrochromic (EC) layer followed by Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as electrolyte membrane, wherein the counter electrode is made up of H+Nb 20 5 (0.1wt%).
In an embodiment, the electrochromic film is maintained at a thickness of 150nm by DC sputtering and is grown at 7.7 x 10-3torr and 135W sputter power, while the 100nm thick H+Nb 20 5, which supports as counter electrode is deposited at 100W with 6 x 10-3torr.
In an embodiment, counter electrode film with H+ enhances the ion transportation to block the electrons at the time of opacity increment and also develops increased charge flow on positive bias depicting enriched visibility.
In an embodiment, WO 3 is doped Ag NW and Li+ as well as H+Nb 2 05 are sputtered at 17V and 10V respectively.
In an embodiment, the electrolyte membrane is of 100nm thick and grown at 6 x 10-3torr with a power of 100W at 10V.
In an embodiment, a circuitry connection is thereafter soothed using a combinational setup of conductive tapes and connecting wires and the smart nanomembrane electrochromic device is thereby manufactured and characterized for optical properties using UV-Visible spectrometer over 300 to 1100nm wavelength.
In an embodiment, a five-layered nanosystem molecular structure is prepared to perform and function as an electric dimming device in a self controlled manner at nanoscale.
An object of the present disclosure is to develop smart membrane device by utilizing DC sputtering for layer-by-layer fabrication yielding thin membranes with low impurity.
Another object of the present disclosure is to develop an electrochromic device that operates at very low voltage and thereby switches from transparent to opaque state or vice- versa.
Yet another object of the present invention is to deliver an expeditious and cost-effective process for preparing nano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
Figure lillustrates a block diagram of a nano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure2illustrates a flow chart of aprocess for preparing nano composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 illustrates as chematic structure of nanocomposites based smart membrane device fabricated by DC sputter coatedin accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 illustrates a colouration and bleaching condition of smart membrane device at -2V and 2.5V in both visible and IR spectra in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and Figure 5 illustrates switching time plot of the smart membrane device at 500, 550 and 600nm over 0-500sec in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.
Reference throughout this specification to "an aspect", "another aspect" or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment", "in another embodiment" and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Figure 1, illustrates a block diagram of anano composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.The Electrochromic devices 100 in general comprise of a five layer sandwich system indebted between two substrates on each side.The device 100 includes two ITO (Indium tin oxide) 104 filmed on glass substrates102 that are configured on either side for ion transportation on application of external bias.
In an embodiment, a cathode electrode 106 and an anode electrode 108 are engaged on either side after the ITO 104, which are transparent in visible spectrum and electrically conducting.
In an embodiment, a central layer 110is configured as an electrolyte nanomaterial membrane for promoting a medium of charge relocation at ON and OFF condition on application of external voltages, wherein central layer 110is excellent conductor for small voltages, while a decent insulator for open-circuit condition.
In an embodiment, ultra-thin nano-membrane layers comprise of EC film as cathode 106 and 108 and counter electrode film as anode, which signifies the coloration and bleaching states.
In an embodiment, substrate 102 can be of glass or transparent polymer where Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) 104 film is deposited. This layer needs to be an excellent conductor for small voltages, while a decent insulator for open-circuit condition. One of the prime advantages of electrochromic device 100 is the device operates at very low voltage and thereby switches from transparent to opaque state or vice- versa. Nanocomposite based smart membrane device 100 is hence developed with different nanocomposites deposited on two ITO (Indium tin oxide) filmed glass substrates 102 on either side. The whole functioning of this device 100 is due to the oxidation and reduction process that occurs while external voltage is applied. There is transportation of carriers within the conduction and valance band of the incorporated materials for which the operating condition of the device 100 changes.
All the electrochromic films are of different thicknesses and may be manipulated to enhance the device 100 performance. The device 100 is fabricated by using DC Sputtering process with high resolution that yields reduced impurity and highly uniform film. The whole device 100 is analyzed in both visible and infrared electromagnetic spectrum over +2.5V to -2V. This smart nanomembrane electrochromic device 100 is characterized for optical properties using UV-Visible spectrometer.
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of aprocess for preparing nano composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. At step 202, the process 200includes selecting two glass substrates 102on either side of the device 100.
At step 204, the process 200includes framing Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)104 which acts as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer over the glass substrate 102 for ion transportation on application of external bias.
At step 206, the process 200 includes engaging of cathode and anode on glass substrates 102 after ITO 104 layer. At step 208, the process 200includes configuring a central layer 110as an electrolyte nanomaterial membrane for promoting a medium of charge relocation at ON and OFF condition on application of external voltages, wherein central layer 110is excellent conductor for small voltages, while a decent insulator for open-circuit condition.
In an embodiment, W03 is doped with 0.1wt% of Ag NW and Li~to form the electrochromic (EC) layer followed by Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as electrolyte membrane, wherein the counter electrode is made up of H+Nb 205 (0.1wt%).
In an embodiment, the electrochromic film is maintained at a thickness of 150nm by DC sputtering and is grown at 7.7 x 10-3torr and 135W sputter power, while the 100nm thick H+Nb 20 5, which supports as counter electrode is deposited at 100W with 6 x 10-3torr.
In an embodiment, counter electrode film with H+ enhances the ion transportation to block the electrons at the time of opacity increment and also develops increased charge flow on positive bias depicting enriched visibility.
In an embodiment, WO 3 is doped Ag NW and Li+ as well as H+Nb 2 05 are sputtered at 17V and 10V respectively.
In an embodiment, the electrolyte membrane is of 100nm thick and grown at 6 x 10-3torr with a power of 100W at 1V.
In an embodiment, a circuitry connection is thereafter soothed using a combinational setup of conductive tapes and connecting wires and the smart nanomembrane electrochromic device 100 is thereby manufactured and characterized for optical properties using UV-Visible spectrometer over 300 to 1100nm wavelength.
In an embodiment, a five-layered nanosystem molecular structure is prepared to perform and function as an electric dimming device 100 in a self-controlled manner at nanoscale.
Figure 3 illustrates a schematic structure of nanocomposites based smart membrane device fabricated by DC sputter coated in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.The smart membrane device 100 is fabricated and structured with ITO coated glass substrate 102 on two ends, where ITO is treated as the TCO 104 of the device 100. The W03 is doped with 0.1wt% of Ag NW and Li+ that forms the electrochromic (EC) layer followed by Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as electrolyte membrane while the counter electrode is made up of H+Nb 2 05 (0.1wt%). This full set of ultra-thin layers form the electrochromic nanomaterial membrane device 100 sandwiched between the ITO glass substrate 102.
The electrochromic film is maintained at a thickness of 150nm by sputtering and is grown at 7.7 x 10-3torr and 135W sputter power, while the 100nm thick H+Nb 205 , which supports as counter electrode is deposited at 100W with 6 x 10-3torr. The counter electrode film with H+ enhances the ion transportation to block the electrons at the time of opacity increment and also develops increased charge flow on positive bias depicting enriched visibility.W3 doped Ag NW and Li+ as well as H+Nb 20s are sputtered at 17V and 10V, respectively.
Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) an organic nanocomposite is employed to work as the electrolyte membrane. This membrane is of 100nm thick and grown at 6 x 10-3torr with a power of 100W at 10V. At either ends of the three-layer membranes (EC film, Electrolyte and Counter Electrode) ITO coated glasses are positioned to form the five layered smart nanomembrane electrochromic device 100. A circuitry connection is thereafter soothed using a combinational setup of conductive tapes and connecting wires and the smart nanomembrane electrochromic device 100 is thereby manufactured and characterized for optical properties using UV-Visible spectrometer over 300 to 1100nm wavelength. Transmittance as well as switching time of the smart nanomembrane electrochromic device 100 is analyzed and determined.
The percentage of Transmittance for the electrochromic device 100 is calculated as:
(%)T x 100% (1)
where, ko is the intensity of light entering the device and k is intensity of light leaving the sample. The transmittance modulation (SR) is formulated as:
SR = d - Sc (2) where, 5d and 5c refer to bleached and coloration state transmittance respectively. Optical density (AOD) is stated as:
AOD = log (3)
The redox reaction responsible for bleaching and coloration condition is stated as:
W03 + x Li + x Ag+ + x e- --* Ag/LiXWO 3 (i)
H- Nb 20 5--* Nb 2 0 5 + H+ + e- (ii)
At 2.5V, the bleaching transmittance of the device is determined in both visible and IR spectra. The optimum transmittance is at 9 6 .1% in 549nm. Likewise at -2V, coloration transmittance is instituted. Both transmittance modulation and optical density is measured over 549nm using equation (2) and (3) which results 7 9 .7 % and 0.77 respectively.
The whole device 100 consists of five layers, W03 is doped with 0.lwt% of Ag NW and Li+ acts as electrochromic film (150nm), H+Nb 2 05 acts as counter electrochromic film (100nm) and PEO as electrolyte (100nm). At both ends ITO deposited Glass substrates 102 are incorporated which is of 2mmx 5cm x 2cm. When the voltage is ON, electron transportation happens from counter electrode side to electrochromic layer through electrolyte making the device 100 transparent while at OFF condition the device 100 blocks outside radiation.
Figure 4 illustrates a colouration and bleaching condition of smart membrane device at -2V and 2.5V in both visible and IR spectra in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.Figure 4 describes the bleaching and coloration state of the device at -2V and +2.5V. At positive bias, the smart membrane device 100 has transmittance of 1 3 . 7 % - 96 .1% over visible and 9 2 .8 % - 5 9 .9 % over IR spectra. When positive voltage is applied electron transits from the HOMO of counter electrode molecule to LUMO of the EC molecule exerting a clear state in device functioning by quantum tunneling phenomenon as the fabricated nanostructured device 100 inherits an inter band quantum super-lattice formulation due to the Coulomb Diamonds developed with the tri-layer system based molecular electronics. This transportation is for quantum tunneling phenomenon where ions move through degenerate semiconductor layer to the conduction band. The highest bleaching transmittance 9 6 .1% of the device 100 is found at visible range (549nm) while 9 3 .3 % at IR region (766nm).
As the external voltage shifts to the negative light get obstructed to pass through which exerts the translucent state in the electrochromic device 100. Since there is no external field, no alignment is there in the electronic state of the molecules and therefore any recombination of the carriers will not happen in the coloration state. In the visible range the device 100 coloration transmittance is found to be 1 3 .7% - 9 .1% in visible range and 9 .3 % - 1.1% in the IR range. The average coloration transmittance is calculated as 15. 3 % over visible range and 3 .9 3 % over IR range.
Figure 5 illustrates switching time plot of the smart membrane device at 500, 550 and 600nm over 0-500sec in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 demonstrates the switching time of the smart membrane device over 500, 550 and 600nm. It is depicted as the time required for transparent to dark state or vice versa. At a certain considered transmittance 85-45% the switching time is calculated. For 500, 550 and 600nm the switching time detected as 200, 185 and 150sec respectively. This reveals that as wavelength increases the switching time of the smart membrane device 100decreases.
The proposed smart membrane device 100 is developed by utilizing DC sputtering for layer-by-layer fabrication yielding thin membranes with low impurity. The five-layered Nano system when inducted between glass substrate the encumbered assembly comprises of W03 doped with Ag NW and Li+ as electrochromic film, PEO (Poly-ethylene-oxide) as electrolyte and H+ doped Nb 2 0s as counter electrode film sandwiched between two transparent ITO (Indium tin oxide) on either side. The nano system composite is developed for the functionality with the elctrochromic layer to be of 150nm, counter electrode layer to be of 100nm and the electrolyte layer (PEO) of 100nm thicknesses while the ITOs are maintained at 0.1mm with 2mm thick glass substrates on either side. Doping concentration of Ag NW and Li is of 0.lwt% inW03 layer and that of H+ in Nb 2 0s is also 0.lwt%.The maximum optical transmittance in the bleaching (clear/transparent) state is observed to peak at 96 .1% in 549nm (Visible) and 9 3 .3 % at 766nm (Infrared) while the average transmittance of in coloration (dark/opaque) state is 15. 3 % in visible and 3.93 in IR range. The transmittance modulation of this device is observed to be 7 9 .7 % and Optical density is 0.77 at 549nm due to exciton generation and enhanced quantum tunneling effect leading to pseudo transportation of carriers with reduced scattering through the five-layered interband quantum system of the novel Smart Nano membrane Electrochromic device. Switching time at 500, 550 and 600nm for a certain wavelength 8 5<- 4 5% holds rapidness of 200, 185 and 150sec at the mentioned wavelengths, respectively. As the wavelength reach towards IR region the device changes its state of operation rapidly.
The drawings and the forgoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts necessarily need to be performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations, whether explicitly given in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension, and use of material, are possible. The scope of embodiments is at least as broad as given by the following claims.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any component(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component of any or all the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A nano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance, the device comprises:
two ITO (Indium tin oxide) filmed glass substrates are configured on either side for ion transportation on application of external bias; a cathode and an anode electrode engaged on either side after the ITO, which are electrically conducting and transparent in visible spectrum and a central layer configured as an electrolyte nanomaterial membrane for promoting a medium of charge relocation at ON and OFF condition on application of external voltages, wherein central layer is excellent conductor for small voltages, while a decent insulator for open-circuit condition.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein ultra-thin nano membrane layers comprise of EC film as cathode and counter electrode film as anode, which signifies the coloration and bleaching states.
3. A process for preparing nano-composites based smart membrane device with enhanced performance, the process comprises:
Selecting two ITO (Indium tin oxide)/ Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) filmed glass substrates on either side of the device for ion transportation on application of external bias; Engaging a cathode and an anode electrodes on either side after the ITO, which are electrically conducting and transparent in visible spectrum and configuring a central layer as an electrolyte nanomaterial membrane for promoting a medium of charge relocation at ON and OFF condition on application of external voltages, wherein central layer is excellent conductor for small voltages, while a decent insulator for open-circuit condition.
4. The process as claimed in claim 3, whereinWO3 is doped with O.lwt% of Ag NW and Li~to form the electrochromic (EC) layer followed by Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as electrolyte membrane, wherein the counter electrode is made up of H+Nb 205 (.lwt%).
5. The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the electrochromic film is maintained at a thickness of 150nm by DC sputtering and is grown at 7.7 x 10- torr and 135W sputter power, while the 100nm thick H+Nb 205
, which supports as counter electrode is deposited at 100W with 6 x 10 3torr.
6. The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein counter electrode film with H+ enhances the ion transportation to block the electrons at the time of opacity increment and also develops increased charge flow on positive bias depicting enriched visibility.
7. The process as claimed in claim 4, whereinWO 3is doped Ag NW and Li+ as well as H+Nb 2 0s are sputtered at 17V and 1V, respectively.
8. The processas claimed in claim 4, wherein the electrolyte membrane is of 100nm thick and grown at 6 x 10-3torr with a power of 100W at 10V.
9. The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein a circuitry connection is thereafter soothed using a combinational setup of conductive tapes and connecting wires and the smart nano membrane electrochromic device is thereby manufactured and characterized for optical properties using UV Visible spectrometer over 300 to 1100nm wavelength.
10. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein a five-layered nano system molecular structure is prepared to perform and function as an electric dimming device in a self-controlled manner at nanoscale.
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