AU2021105308A4 - Soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing and method for using same - Google Patents
Soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing and method for using same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2021105308A4 AU2021105308A4 AU2021105308A AU2021105308A AU2021105308A4 AU 2021105308 A4 AU2021105308 A4 AU 2021105308A4 AU 2021105308 A AU2021105308 A AU 2021105308A AU 2021105308 A AU2021105308 A AU 2021105308A AU 2021105308 A4 AU2021105308 A4 AU 2021105308A4
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- spreading
- soil conditioner
- belt
- rotate
- deep ploughing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004489 contact powder Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
OF THE DISCLOSURE
Disclosed are a soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing and a method for
using the soil conditioner spreading device. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep
ploughing comprises a frame, a spreading unit arranged on the frame and provided with a
drive shaft, and a power unit for driving the drive shaft to rotate; the power unit comprises
a first driving means connected to the drive shaft through a belt, and a pressing unit for
pressing the belt. Through the arrangement of the power unit, the spreading unit, the belt,
and the drive shaft, workers do not directly contact powder when spreading the powder, so
that the workers are protected, and the impact on the health of the workers is reduced. The
slack and tension of the belt can be controlled through a pull rope, a connecting plate, and
a roller, so as to control the spreading of the soil conditioner. Through the arrangement of
a handbrake, the workers can operate the handbrake to pull the pull rope to control the
spreading of the soil conditioner.
11
\ 10
112
0 1
4
Fig. I
|ig 2
Description
112
0 1
\ 10 4 Fig. I
|ig 2
[0001] 1.Technical Field
[0002] The invention relates to the field of deep ploughing, in particular to the
technical field of deep ploughing for soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner
spreading device for deep ploughing and a method for using the soil conditioner spreading
device.
[0003] 2. Description of Related Art
[0004] Cultivated land is the basic resource and condition for human survival.
However, the soil of some land may cause poor growth or even death of crops due to too
high or too low pH of the soil. At present, the pH value of the soil is often conditioned by
spreading powdered soil amendments in the fields, but currently, the soil conditioners are
spread manually, which affects the health of workers.
[0005] Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no
way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of
common general knowledge in the field.
[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a soil
conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing and a method for using the soil
conditioner spreading device, so as to reduce the impact on the health of workers.
[0007] The invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a
soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing includes a frame, a spreading unit
arranged on the frame and provided with a drive shaft, and a power unit for driving the drive shaft to rotate; the power unit includes a first driving means connected to the drive shaft through a belt, and a pressing unit for pressing the belt.
[0008] In use of the soil conditioner spreading device in the invention, a soil
conditioner is put into the spreading unit, the belt between the power unit and the drive
shaft is slack, and the power unit will slip when actuated for belt transmission. When the
soil conditioner needs to be spread, the pressing unit is driven to press the belt, then the
power unit drives the drive shaft to rotate through the belt, and the drive shaft drives the
spreading unit to spread the soil conditioner onto the ground. Due to the arrangement of
the power unit, the spreading unit, the belt and the drive shaft, workers do not directly
contact the powder when spreading the powder, so that the workers are protected, and the
impact on the health of the workers is reduced.
[0009] Preferably, the pressing unit includes a press roller located on a side of the
belt and having a circumferential surface pushing against the belt, and a connecting plate
connected to an end surface of the press roller and in shaft connection to a bracket through
a hinge shaft; a pull rope is detachably connected to the connecting plate; a pivot point of
the hinge shaft is located between the press roller and the pull rope; and the axis of the
hinge shaft is parallel to the axis of the press roller.
[0010] During the implementation of this preferred solution, the pull rope is pulled
to drive the connecting plate to rotate around the hinge shaft to drive the connecting plate
to drive the press roller to squeeze the belt to tighten the slack belt, thereby realizing belt
transmission. The slack and tension of the belt can be controlled through the pull rope, the
connecting plate, and the roller, so as to control the spreading of the soil conditioner.
[0011] Preferably, the press roller is in shaft connection to the connecting plate. In
this preferred solution, a sliding connection between the press roller and the belt is
converted into a rolling connection through the arrangement of the shaft connection,
thereby reducing friction and facilitating the belt transmission.
[0012] Preferably, an end, away from the connecting plate, of the pull rope is
connected to the bracket through a handbrake. Due to the arrangement of the handbrake,
) the workers can operate the handbrake to pull the pull rope to control the spreading of the
soil conditioner.
[0013] Preferably, the spreading unit includes a cylindrical housing fixed on the
bracket and in shaft connection to the drive shaft, a spreading column fixedly connected to
the drive shaft and located in an inner cavity of the housing, and a tank located above the
housing and having a bottom end provided with a leakage opening; the housing is
provided with an inlet that communicates with the leakage opening, and an bottom end of
the housing is provided with an outlet that communicates with the inner cavity; the outer
diameter of the spreading column matches the inner diameter of the housing, and a
plurality of grooves communicating with the inlet and the outlet are formed in the
circumferential surface of the spreading column.
[0014] During the implementation of this preferred solution, the powdered soil
conditioner is put into the tank, and the powder in the tank falls into the grooves along the
leakage opening and the inlet; the drive shaft rotates to drive the spreading column to
rotate; the rotation of the spreading column drives the grooves to rotate from the inlet to
the outlet, and the powder falls into soil along the outlet, thus realizing the spreading of
the soil conditioner. When the groove-less circumferential surface of the spreading column
reaches the inlet, the spreading column will form a barrier against the powder. By the
arrangement of the spreading column and the tank, the spreading of the soil conditioner is
realized.
[0015] Preferably, a plurality of grooves are formed in circumferential direction of
the spreading column, and the grooves, the leakage opening, the inlet, and the outlet all
extend in an axial direction of the spreading column. The arrangement of this preferred
solution realizes the orderly arrangement of the grooves, so that the workers can control the frequency of powder spreading and the dosage of the powder, and the situation that the worker cannot conduct accurate control due to the irregular arrangement of the grooves can be avoided.
[0016] Preferably, a plurality of traveling wheels are also in shaft connection to the
bracket. Due to the arrangement of the traveling wheels, this optimized solution facilitates
the movement of the bracket and the spreading of the powder.
[0017] Preferably, the cross section of the tank is tapered with a top surface being
longer than a bottom surface. Due to the arrangement of the tapered section, the preferred
solution increases the volume of materials received and the materials can flow to the
leakage opening easily.
[0018] Preferably, the bracket is also provided with a plurality of stop bars located
on both sides of the belt. Due to the arrangement of the stop bars, this optimized solution
limits the position of the belt and prevents the belt from popping out of the drive shaft
when the pressing unit does not press the belt.
[0019] A method for using a soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing
comprises the following steps:
[0020] a. putting a soil conditioner is put into a tank, and driving the first driving
means to drive a belt to rotate; pulling a handbrake to pull a pull rope which in turn drives
a connecting plate to rotate around a hinge shaft to drive a press roller to squeeze the belt
to tighten the slack belt; drying, by the belt, a driven wheel to rotate to drive a drive shaft
to rotate to further drive a spreading column to rotate in a housing; when grooves rotate to
a position below an inlet, and enabling powder in the tank to fall into the grooves along a
leakage opening and the inlet; and continuing to rotate the spreading column to enable the
grooves containing the powdered soil conditioner to rotate to an outlet so that the powder
falls into the soil along the outlet; and
[0021] b. when the powder does not need to be spread, releasing the handbrake to separate the press roller from the belt, so that the belt becomes slack and stops driving the driven wheel to rotate, the spreading column stops rotating, the powdered soil conditioner cannot be spread, and workers realizes control over spreading.
[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: through the
arrangement of the power unit, the spreading unit, the belt, and the drive shaft, workers do
not directly contact the powder when spreading the powder, so that the workers are
protected, and the impact on the health of the workers is reduced. The slack and tension of
the belt can be controlled through the pull rope, the connecting plate, and the roller, so as
to control the spreading of the soil conditioner. Through the arrangement of a handbrake,
the workers can operate the handbrake to pull the pull rope to control the spreading of the
soil conditioner.
[0023] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description
and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an
inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense
of "including, but not limited to".
[0024] Fig. 1 is a partial perspective view of the structure of the invention;
[0025] Fig. 2 is a left view of the part at the belt;
[0026] Fig. 3 is a left view of the part at the connecting plate; and
[0027] Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the part at the housing.
[0028] In the figures: 1. bracket, 2. tank, 3. housing, 4. spreading column, 5. motor,
6. belt, 7. drive shaft, 8. stop bar, 9. pull rope, 10. hinge shaft, 11. connecting plate, 12.
press roller, 13. inlet, 14. outlet, 15. groove.
[0029] In order to clearly illustrate the technical characteristics of this solution, the
solution will be described below with reference to specific implementations.
[0030] Referring to Figs. 1-4, a soil conditioner spreading device for deep
ploughing and a use method thereof are shown. The spreading device includes a frame,
wherein two symmetrically arranged traveling wheels are in shaft connection to the frame,
and a spreading unit is mounted in the frame. The spreading unit includes a cylindrical
housing 3 fixed on a bracket 1. A cylindrical inner cavity is formed in the housing 3, and a
spreading column 4 is arranged in the inner cavity; the diameter of the spreading column 4
matches the diameter of the inner cavity; the spreading column 4 is provided with a drive
shaft 7; the drive shaft 7 is connected to the housing 3 through a bearing, and one end of
the drive shaft 7 extends out of the housing 3; a driven wheel located outside the housing 3
is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 7; the axis of the housing 3, the axis of the
spreading column 4, and the axis of the drive shaft 7 are collinear.
[0031] The top end of the circumferential surface of the housing 3 is provided with
an inlet 13 extending in an axial extension direction of the housing 3, and the bottom end
of the circumferential surface of the housing 3 is provided with an outlet 14 extending in
the axial extension direction of the housing 3. Below the outlet 14 is the ground. A
plurality of grooves 15 extending in the axial direction of the spreading column 4 are
formed in the circumferential surface of the spreading column 4, and the plurality of
grooves 15 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the spreading column 4; a tank
2 is fixedly connected to the top of the housing 3; the cross section of the tank 2 is tapered,
the bottom size of the tank 2 is smaller, and the top size of the tank 2 is large; the bottom
end of the tank 2 is provided with a leakage opening above the inlet 13, and the leakage
opening has the same extension direction as the inlet 13.
[0032] The bracket 1 is also fixedly connected to a motor 5 located above the tank
2. The axis of the rotating shaft of the motor 5 is parallel to the axis of the drive shaft 7,
and the drive shaft 7 is fixedly connected to a driving wheel, and the driving wheel and the
driven wheel are connected by a belt 6. The bracket 1 is also provided with four stop rods
8 arranged pairwise in two groups. The two groups of stop rods 8 are respectively located
outside the belt 6, and the four stop rods 8 are arranged in a conical shape.
[0033] The bracket 1 is connected to a pressing unit located between the drive
shaft 7 and the driving wheel. The pressing unit includes a press roller 12 located on the
outside of the belt 6 and having a circumferential surface pushing against the belt 6, the
press roller 12 is in shaft connection to a connecting plate 11, the connecting plate 11 is
provided with a through hole that penetrates through the connecting plate 11, and a pull
rope 9 is fixedly connected in the through hole. The end, away from the connecting plate
11, of the pull rope 9 is connected to a handbrake, and the handbrake is installed on the
bracket 1. A hinge shaft 10 fixed on the bracket 1 is connected to the connecting plate 11
through a bearing. The pivot point of the hinge shaft 10 is located between the press roller
12 and the pull rope 9. The axis of the hinge shaft 10, the axis of the press roller 12, and
the axis of the through hole, and the axes of the drive shaft 7 are parallel to one another.
The pull rope 9 pulls the connecting plate 11 to rotate around the axis of the hinge shaft
10.
[0034] In use of the soil conditioner spreading device of the invention, a soil
conditioner is put into the tank 2, the belt 6 between the driving wheel and the driven
wheel is slack, the motor rotates to drive the driving wheel to rotate; however, the belt 6
will slip when rotating, and at this moment, the handbrake is pulled to pull the pull rope 9,
the pull rope 9 drives the connecting plate 11 to rotate around the hinge shaft 10, and the
rotation of the connecting plate drives the press roller 12 to squeeze the belt 6 to tighten
the slack belt 6, and then the belt transmission is realized so that the driving wheel drives
the driven wheel to rotate, that is, the rotation of the drive shaft 7 is realized; the rotation of the drive shaft 7 drives the spreading column 4 to rotate in the housing 3; when the grooves 15 rotate to the position below the inlet 13, the powder in the tank 2 falls into the grooves 15 along the leakage opening and the inlet 13; the spreading column 4 continues to rotate, so that the grooves containing the powdered soil conditioner rotate to the outlet
14, and the powder falls into soil along the outlet 14.
[0035] When the powder does not need to be spread, the handbrake is released,
then the press roller 12 does not press the belt 6 so that the driven wheel cannot be rotated
and thus the spreading column cannot be rotated to spread the powdered soil conditioner;
that is, the worker realizes the control to the spreading.
[0036] Certainly, the above description is not limited to the above examples. The
undescribed technical features of the invention can be realized by or using the prior art,
and will not be repeated here. The above embodiments and drawings are only used to
illustrate the technical solutions of the invention but not to limit the invention. The
invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. Those
of ordinary skill in the art should understand that changes, modifications, additions or
substitutions made within the essential scope of the invention do not depart from the
intension of the invention, and should also fall within the scope of the claims of the
invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing, comprising a frame, a
spreading unit arranged on the frame and provided with a drive shaft (7), and a power unit
for driving the drive shaft (7) to rotate, wherein the power unit comprises a first driving
means connected to the drive shaft (7) through a belt (6), and a pressing unit for pressing
the belt (6).
2. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing according to claim 1,
wherein the pressing unit comprises a press roller (12) located on a side of the belt (6) and
having a circumferential surface pushing against the belt (6), and a connecting plate (11)
connected to an end surface of the press roller (12) and in shaft connection to a bracket (1)
through a hinge shaft (10); a pull rope (9) is detachably connected to the connecting plate
(11); a pivot point of the hinge shaft (10) is located between the press roller (12) and the
pull rope (9); and an axis of the hinge shaft (10) is parallel to an axis of the press roller
(12).
3. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing according to claim 2,
wherein the press roller (12) is in shaft connection to the connecting plate (11).
4. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing according to claim 2,
wherein an end, away from the connecting plate (11), of the pull rope (9) is connected to
the bracket (1) through a handbrake.
5. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing according to claim 1,
wherein the spreading unit comprises a cylindrical housing (3) fixed on the bracket (1) and
in shaft connection to the drive shaft (7), a spreading column (4) fixedly connected to the
drive shaft (7) and located in an inner cavity of the housing (3), and a tank (2) located
above the housing (3) and having a bottom end provided with a leakage opening; the
housing (3) is provided with an inlet (13) that communicates with the leakage opening,
and a bottom end of the housing (3) is provided with an outlet (14) that communicates with the inner cavity; an outer diameter of the spreading column (4) matches an inner diameter of the housing (3), and a plurality of grooves (15) communicating with the inlet
(13) and the outlet (14) are formed in a circumferential surface of the spreading column
(4).
6. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing according to claim 5,
wherein a plurality of grooves (15) are formed in circumferential direction of the
spreading column (4), and the grooves (15), the leakage opening, the inlet (13), and the
outlet (14) all extend in an axial direction of the spreading column (4).
7. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing according to claim 5,
wherein a plurality of traveling wheels are also in shaft connection to the bracket.
8. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing according to claim 5,
wherein a cross section of the tank is tapered with a top surface being longer than a bottom
surface.
9. The soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing according to claim 1,
wherein the bracket is further provided with a plurality of stop bars (8) located on both
sides of the belt (6).
10. A method for using a soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing,
comprising the following steps:
a. putting a soil conditioner into a tank, and driving a first driving means to drive a belt
to rotate; pulling a handbrake to pull a pull rope which in turn drives a connecting plate to
rotate around a hinge shaft to drive a press roller to squeeze the belt to tighten the slack
belt; driving, by the belt, a driven wheel to rotate to drive a drive shaft to rotate to further
drive a spreading column to rotate in a housing; when grooves rotate to a position below
an inlet, enabling powder in the tank to fall into the grooves along a leakage opening and
the inlet; and continuing to rotate the spreading column to enable the grooves containing a
powdered soil conditioner to rotate to an outlet, so that the powder falls into soil along the outlet; and b. when the powder does not need to be spread, releasing the handbrake to separate the press roller from the belt, so that the belt becomes slack and stops driving the driven wheel to rotate, the spreading column stops rotating, the powdered soil conditioner is stopped from being spread, and workers realizes control over spreading.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011521993.9A CN112715080A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Sowing device for soil conditioner for deep ploughing and using method thereof |
| CN202011521993.9 | 2020-12-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2021105308A4 true AU2021105308A4 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
Family
ID=75604509
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021105308A Ceased AU2021105308A4 (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2021-08-11 | Soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing and method for using same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112715080A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2021105308A4 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2222883C1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-02-10 | Воронежский государственный аграрный университет им. К.Д. Глинки | Organic fertilizer spreader |
| CN204377366U (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-06-10 | 扬州江峰机械制造有限公司 | A kind of mini-size tillage machine emergency stop device |
| CN104798477A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-29 | 昌邑市宝路达机械制造有限公司 | Tensioning separation-reunion device for belt driving of farm managing machine |
| RU2591134C1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-07-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ярославская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Potato planting machine |
| CN204942427U (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2016-01-06 | 美特达机械（苏州）有限公司 | Pneumatic braking system and apply its microtilling machine |
| CN208743356U (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-04-16 | 青岛东域盐碱地稻作改良研究所有限公司 | A kind of farmland pollution soil-repairing agent spreads fertilizer over the fields equipment |
| CN210390061U (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-04-24 | 江苏宏源机电科技有限公司 | Double-screw extruder for powder coating production |
| CN211592689U (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-09-29 | 肥城市洪兴农机厂 | Tensioning steering mechanism |
-
2020
- 2020-12-22 CN CN202011521993.9A patent/CN112715080A/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-08-11 AU AU2021105308A patent/AU2021105308A4/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112715080A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1285803A1 (en) | Single-wheel drive train | |
| CN207692364U (en) | A kind of fertilizer equipment with clutch | |
| AU2021105308A4 (en) | Soil conditioner spreading device for deep ploughing and method for using same | |
| DE3811246C2 (en) | ||
| EP2810795A1 (en) | Rotary feed-through | |
| AT516794A1 (en) | Sanding plant with protected motor | |
| WO2013068212A1 (en) | Percussion mechanism | |
| DE10250591A1 (en) | compressor | |
| DE2121182B2 (en) | CLUTCH PULLEY FOR A BELT DRIVE | |
| CN206692050U (en) | The winding connecting shaft of basement membrane cutting machine | |
| CN206642604U (en) | A kind of high tower selenium-rich type Huolisu composite heat transfer high-speed shearing machine | |
| CN208113314U (en) | A kind of fertilizer apparatus | |
| CN211321962U (en) | Rotary tillage and scattered application device for soil cadmium pollution passivator | |
| DE6918255U (en) | SELF-LOCKING DIFFERENTIAL GEAR FOR MOTOR VEHICLES. | |
| CN209299764U (en) | A kind of gear of lawn machine | |
| DE2363768A1 (en) | SPOOL CARRYING DEVICE | |
| DE1623804A1 (en) | Magnetic coupling for measuring devices | |
| CN208801899U (en) | A kind of caravan trailer shift unit idler wheel | |
| EP4045216B1 (en) | Deflection roller, deflection roller package and cable saw | |
| DE202010017515U1 (en) | Planet carrier, planetary gear and plant | |
| DE1507425B2 (en) | Cable winding device | |
| US3313524A (en) | Reeling device | |
| CN204560181U (en) | Drilling machine seamless roller drives seed-fertilizer box gear drive | |
| CN205906793U (en) | A strip cuts mechanism for sports goods production | |
| CN206452690U (en) | Seed manure axle governor motion easy to process |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGI | Letters patent sealed or granted (innovation patent) | ||
| MK22 | Patent ceased section 143a(d), or expired - non payment of renewal fee or expiry |