AU2021104951A4 - A system and a method for edfa gain flattening optimization - Google Patents
A system and a method for edfa gain flattening optimization Download PDFInfo
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- AU2021104951A4 AU2021104951A4 AU2021104951A AU2021104951A AU2021104951A4 AU 2021104951 A4 AU2021104951 A4 AU 2021104951A4 AU 2021104951 A AU2021104951 A AU 2021104951A AU 2021104951 A AU2021104951 A AU 2021104951A AU 2021104951 A4 AU2021104951 A4 AU 2021104951A4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 erbium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
- H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
- H01S3/1608—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth erbium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/29—Repeaters
- H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
- H04B10/293—Signal power control
- H04B10/294—Signal power control in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/04—Gain spectral shaping, flattening
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a system and a method for EDFA gain flattening
optimization. The system comprises: a CW laser configured for an input signal; a pump laser
configured for a pump signal; a WDM coupler wherein the input signal and the pump signal
are multiplexed together and the multiplexed signal is fed into a Er3+doped fiber (EDF) for
amplification of a coupled signal; and a LPFG to flatten a non-uniform gain of EDFA. The
method comprises: receiving an input signal from the CW Laser; receiving a pump signal
from the pump laser; multiplexing the input and the pump signals by a WDM coupler into the
EDF; amplifying the coupled signal by stimulated emission of the input signal photon by Er3+
doped fiber (EDF); and flattening the non-uniform gain of EDFA when amplified output is
passed through the long period fiber gratings (LPFG).
10
00~
106 Grat 20g
110
Purnp Laser
[ IA,210
Figure 1
Description
~
106 Grat 20g 110 Purnp Laser
[ IA,210 Figure 1
The present disclosure relates to a system and a method for EDFA gain flattening optimization.
WDM with erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) plays a significant role in existing generation high-speed networks in the communication industry. Because of their high gain, low noise, polarization independence, enormous saturation power, and ease of integration with optical fiber. The capacity of EDFA to concurrently amplify several signals is its most significant advantage. It also allows signal amplification regardless of modulation type or data rate. These amplifiers boost the signal's strength and as a result the losses that occur in the fiber link are compensated. Despite its excellent performance, EDFA has issues with cross talk, amplified spontaneous noise (ASE), gain saturation, and gain flattening. Gain flattening is a big concern among all the aforementioned issues. However, the population level in Er3+ iron varies depending on the energy level, hence the gain is a function of wavelength. Furthermore, even when the core composition is the same, the gain spectrum of EDFAs might differ from amplifier to amplifier due to fiber length. In order to make the above-mentioned existing solutions more efficient there is a need for a system and a method for EDFA gain flattening optimization.
The present disclosure relates to a system and a method for EDFA gain flattening optimization. The gain of an EDFA has been simulated, and the resulting non-uniform gain spectrum of an EDFA has been flattened using a long period fiber grating with its parameters optimized. At a wavelength of 1532.89 nm, an EDFA gain peak of 35.94 dB has been discovered. The gain of EDFA has been flattened up to 2.65 dB using long period fiber gratings after optimizing its grating period of 240 pm and length of 30000 im. As a result, the variance in power differential across channels at the output side can be decreased, reducing the near-far effect. It is also worth noting that between 1528 and 1560 nm wave lengths, gain ripple is less than +0.3dB.
In an embodiment, a system 100 for EDFA gain flattening optimization comprises :a CW laser 102 configured for an input signal ;a pump laser 104 configured for a pump signal ;a WDM coupler 106, wherein the input signal and the pump signal are multiplexed together in a Er 3mdoped fiber (EDF) 108, wherein stimulated emission of an input signal photon takes place which results in amplification of a coupled signal; and a LPFG 110, wherein, amplified output of the EDF when passed through LPFG flattens a non-uniform gain of EDFA.
In an embodiment, a method 200 for EDFA gain flattening optimization comprises the following steps: at step 202, receiving an input signal from the CW Laser; at step 204, receiving a pump signal from the pump laser; at step 206, multiplexing the input and the pump signals by a WDM coupler and then the multiplexed signal is passed throughEr 3 doped fiber (EDF); at step 208, amplifying the coupled signal by stimulated emission of the input signal photon by EDF; and at step 210, flattening the non-uniform gain of EDFA when amplified output is passed through the long period fiber gratings (LPFG).
To further clarify advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a system and for EDFA gain flattening optimizationin accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 illustrates a method for EDFA gain flattening optimization in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 3 illustrates (a) schematic of long period fiber grating (LPFG); and (b) combined and EDFA only gain spectrum vs wavelength in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.
Reference throughout this specification to "an aspect", "another aspect" or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment", "in another embodiment" and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Figure 1 illustrates a system and for EDFA gain flattening optimization in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 for EDFA gain flattening optimization comprises: a CW laser 102 configured for an input signal; a pump laser 104 configured for a pump signal; a WDM coupler 106, wherein the input signal and the pump signal are multiplexed together and passed through an Er3 doped fiber (EDF) 108, wherein stimulated emission of an input signal photon takes place which results in amplification of a coupled signal; and a LPFG 110, wherein, amplified output of the EDF when passed through LPFG flattens a non-uniform gain of EDFA.
In an embodiment, the system, wherein, long period fiber grating (LPFG) comprises: an optical fiber, a core mode, a core cladding coupled mode and a long period fiber grating, wherein, coupling of energy from a fundamental mode to co-propagating cladding modes causes part of an energy at resonance wavelengths to escape from the cladding and wherein, parameters of the fiber comprise: the cladding radius r2 = 62.5[tm, the core radius r1 = 4.61[tm, core region is made up of 3.1% GeO 2 -doped SiO 2 and cladding region is fused silica wherein, Index of modulation is taken as 5 x 10-4.
Figure 2 illustrates a method for EDFA gain flattening optimization in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 200 for EDFA gain flattening optimization comprises the following steps: at step 202, receiving an input signal from the CW Laser; at step 204, receiving a pump signal from the pump laser; at step 206, multiplexing the input and the pump signals by a WDM coupler and the multiplexed signal is passed through the EDF; at step 208, amplifying the coupled signal by stimulated emission of the input signal photon by Er3+ doped fiber (EDF); and at step 210, flattening the non uniform gain of EDFA when amplified output is passed through the long period fiber gratings (LPFG).
In an embodiment, the method, wherein, if the photon energy of the pumped light is equal to the difference between the energy levelsE3 (excited state) and El (Ground state), absorbing the pump light, the doped erbium ions jump from the ground state El to the excited state E3.Excited ions at E3 make transition to E2 (Intermediate state),as E3 (excited state) is unstable. Transition from E2 to the ground state El produces a same photon as the signal light and this occurs if the signal light photon energy is equal to a difference between the energy levels E2 and E l, resulting in amplifying a signal light.
In another embodiment, the method, wherein, EDFA gain peak of 35.94 dB at 1532.89 nm is flattened by a maximum of 2.65 dB using long period fiber gratings wherein, LPFG is cascaded with EDFA to flatten its gain by tuning LPFG parameters to obtain loss peak at desired wavelength.
Figure 3 illustrates (a) schematic of long period fiber grating (LPFG); and (b) combined and EDFA only gain spectrum vs wavelength in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As demonstrated in Figure 3a, long period fiber gratings are generated by inducing periodic refractive index modulation in optical fiber. For better sensitivity, photosensitive fibers are preferred for inscription over communication grade fiber. Part of the energy at resonance wavelengths escapes from the cladding due to the coupling of energy from the fundamental mode to co-propagating cladding modes.
To compute propagation loss at resonance wavelengths, a solution to coupled mode theory for the first 14 circularly symmetric cladding modes was found. The fiber's specifications are as follows: the cladding radius r2 = 62.5am, the core radius r1 = 4.61[tm, core region is made up of 3.1% GeO 2-doped SiO 2 and cladding region is fused silica wherein, Index of modulation is taken as 5 x 10-4.
Figure 3b shows a comparison of the combined gain spectrum (EDFA + LPFG) and the EDFA only gain spectrum. It can be determined that employing long period fiber gratings, the EDFA gain peak of 35.94 dB at 1532.89 nm is flattened by a maximum of 2.65dB. This was achieved by tuning the wavelength in the 1.1:0.01:1.8 range for a grating period of 240tm and a length of 30000[m. Furthermore, between the wavelengths of 1528 and 1560 nm, less than 0.3 dB gain flatness is attained. In a combined gain spectrum of LPFG and EDFA, the peak gain of the EDFA spectrum at 1532.89 nm has been flattened.
The drawings and the forgoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts necessarily need to be performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations, whether explicitly given in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension, and use of material, are possible. The scope of embodiments is at least as broad as given by the following claims.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any component(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component of any or all the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A system for EDFA gain flattening optimization, the system comprises:
a CW laser configured for an input signal; a pump laser configured for a pump signal; a WDM coupler wherein the input signal and the pump signal are multiplexed together and passed through a Er doped fiber (EDF) wherein stimulated emission of an input signal photon takes place which results in amplification of a coupled signal; and a LPFG wherein, amplified output of the EDF when passed through LPFG flattens a non-uniform gain of EDFA.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, long period fiber grating (LPFG) comprises: an optical fiber, a core mode, a core cladding coupled mode and a long period fiber grating.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, coupling of energy from a fundamental mode to co-propagating cladding modes causes part of an energy at resonance wavelengths to escape from the cladding.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, parameters of the fiber comprise: the core radius r1 = 4.61[tm, the cladding radius r2 = 62.5[tm, core region is made up of 3.1% GeO 2-doped SiO2 and cladding region is fused silica. Index of modulation is assumed as 5 x 10- 4 .
5. A method for EDFA gain flattening optimization, the method comprises:
receiving an input signal from the CW Laser; receiving a pump signal from the pump laser; multiplexing the input and the pump signals by a WDM coupler and passed through the EDF; amplifying the coupled signal by stimulated emission of the input signal photon by Er3+ doped fiber (EDF); and flattening the non-uniform gain of EDFA when amplified output is passed through the long period fiber gratings (LPFG).
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, if the photon energy of the pumped light is equal to the difference between the energy levels E3 (excited state), and El (Ground state),absorbing the pump light, the doped erbium ions jump from the ground state El to the excited state E3and Excited ions at E3 make transition to E2 (Intermediate state), as E3 (excited state) is unstable.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, transitioning from E2 to the ground state El producing a same photon as the signal light, which is a result of a radiation, resulting in amplifying a signal light, if the signal light photon energy is equal to a difference between the energy levels E2 and El.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, EDFA gain peak of 35.94 dB at 1532.89 nm is flattened by a maximum of 2.65 dB using long period fiber gratings wherein, LPFG is cascaded with EDFA to flatten its gain by tuning LPFG parameters to obtain loss peak at desired wavelength.
Figure: 3
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| AU2021104951A AU2021104951A4 (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2021-08-04 | A system and a method for edfa gain flattening optimization |
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| AU2021104951A AU2021104951A4 (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2021-08-04 | A system and a method for edfa gain flattening optimization |
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