AU2021104360A4 - Matlab simulink based solar tracking on photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Matlab simulink based solar tracking on photovoltaic module Download PDF

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AU2021104360A4
AU2021104360A4 AU2021104360A AU2021104360A AU2021104360A4 AU 2021104360 A4 AU2021104360 A4 AU 2021104360A4 AU 2021104360 A AU2021104360 A AU 2021104360A AU 2021104360 A AU2021104360 A AU 2021104360A AU 2021104360 A4 AU2021104360 A4 AU 2021104360A4
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solar
energy
mppt
neural network
objective
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AU2021104360A
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Nisha A.
Amit Sharma
Ashutosh Shukla
Priyanka Singh
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Roorkee College of Engineering
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Roorkee College of Engineering
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/78Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S3/782Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/785Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
    • G01S3/786Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
    • G01S3/7861Solar tracking systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/36Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
    • G05B11/42Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential for obtaining a characteristic which is both proportional and time-dependent, e.g. P. I., P. I. D.
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The need for renewable energy sources is on the rise because of the acute energy crisis in the world today. India plans to produce 100 Gigawatts Solar power by the year 2022, whereas we have only realized less than half a Gigawatt of our potential as of March 2021. The Simulink model is tested with different temperature of different solar plants and solar panel used in home and organization irradiation and resultant I-V and P-V characteristics proved the validation of Simulink model of PV array. Solar energy is a vital untapped resource in a tropical country like ours. The main hindrance for the penetration and reach of solar PV systems is their low efficiency and high capital cost. In this research, we examine a schematic to extract maximum obtainable solar power from a PV module and use the energy for a DC application. This project investigates in detail the concept of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) which significantly increases the efficiency of the solar photovoltaic system. We collected a set of data from the Simulink model of PV array after simulated under a range of irradiation and temperature. The data collected from the system is used to train the neural network. When we tested the neural network with different irradiance and temperature, we see that the neural network can accurately predict the maximum power point of a photovoltaic array. In this invention, the back propagation algorithm is used to train the neural network. Comparisons of MPPT with P & o algorithm and without MPPT tracker are also shown in this invention. It is has to been through this invention that the neural network based MPPT tracking require less time and provide more accurate results than the P&O algorithm based MPPT used.

Description

EDITORIAL NOTE
2021104360
THERE ARE SEVEN PAGES OF DESCRIPTION ONLY FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Our Invention is MATLAB SIMULINK BASED SOLAR TRACKING ON PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Non conventional energy is the energy which derives from normal ordinary resources such as solar radiation, tides, wind, geothermal heat and raining water. These sources are Non conventional and can be naturally furnished. Therefore, for all pragmatic goals, these sources can be taken into account to be limitless, unlike non-renewable hydrocarbon deposits. The spherical energy crises have contributed a regenerated stimulus to the expansion of Non conventional (renewable) Energy resources. Clean Development Mechanisms, are being accepted by all assembly across the world.
Aside from the fast reducing reserves of hydrocarbon deposits in the globe, another important cause working against hydrocarbon deposits is the contamination connected with their burning. Generally, Non conventional energy resources are introduced to be cleaner and generate power without the dangerous effects of contamination unlike their renewable complement. PV panel transforms 30-45% of energy fallen on it into electrical energy. A MPPT method is essential to raise the ability of the PV panel.
There are distinct methods for MPPT as 1. Perturb and observe (hill climbing method), 2. Incremental conductance, 3. Fractional Short Circuit Current, 4. Fractional Open Circuit Voltage, 5. Fuzzy Control, 6. Neural Network Control etc. Among all techniques Perturb and observe (P&O) & Incremental conductance(IC) are commonly used due to their easy implementation, minimum time to trace the MPP and many other economic inferences.
Under directly alteration of weather circumstances as MPP alternates regularly, P&O considers it as alteration in MPP because of perturbation moderately that of illumines and many times stops in measuring wrong MPP. Although this issue gets neglected in IC method as method considers 2 samples of v/g and current for measuring MPP. Although, instead of maximum ability the intricacy of the method is much more as compared to last one & therefore the price of implementation rises. Hence it is to be diminished with a tradeoff b/w intricacy and ability.
It is cleared that the ability of system depends on the converter too. Usually it is highest for buck topography as compared to that of buck-boost topography & lowest for boost topography.
When many PV caliber are linked in parallel, other analog method TEODI is very efficient which works on the convention of mathematical statement of output working points in respect to force & movement of input working points of alike working system too.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
The objective of the invention is a MATLAB SIMULINK BASED SOLAR TRACKING ON PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE by using MPPT, Neural MPPT and PID controller has been developed a based concepts of solar energy.
1. The objective of the invention is that this system improves the tracking of solar system on regular basis by using solar energy as well passenger get alerts. If these are not found for 5 consecutive frames, the system draws the conclusion that the driver is falling asleep. 2. The objective of the invention is P&O is easiest method. In this method only 1 sensor (voltage
sensor) is used to sense PV system voltage & hence expenditure of employment is less & so easy to
employ.
3. The time multiplexity of this method is very low but on coming very near to MPP, doesn't end at
MPP & holds on perturbing upon both directions. When it occurs the method has come very near to
MPP & a suitable blunder limit is set or it is used a wait objective which stops rising the time
multiplexity of method.
SUMMARY THE INVENTION
1.2.1 Wind (Air Flow) power
Wind turbines are used to tackle the energy accessible in incubator air flows. present day
range of turbine is around 605 kW to 6 MW of equivalent power. Because the energy output is
a part of cube of the airflow speed, it growing fast with an grow in accessible airflow velocity.
New development has conduct to aero foil(curved part of an aircraft wing that help it to rise
in the air )airflow turbines, which is most efficient because of a superior aerodynamic
construction.
1.2.2 Solar Radiation power
The spilling of solar radiation energy to be debt to its drawn to the United Kingdom
astrophysicist John Herschel by which a solar heat collector box is used incredibly to prepare
food in the period of a crowd to Africa. Solar radiation energy is employed in two superior
ways. Primarily, the collected heat is used as cosmic heat energy, along functions in area
heating. Other substitute is the transformation of occurring solar radiation into electrical
energy. Electrical energy is most efficient form of energy. Electrical energy is accomplished by
cosmic (solar) PV cells or by establishing solar plants.
1.2.3 Tiny hydro power
Hydro power establishes up to 12MW are taken into account as tiny hydro power and
computed as non conventional energy resources. These contain transforming the kinetic
energy of gathered water in reservoir into utilizable electrical energy by hydraulic turbines.
1.2.4 Biomass Energy
Plants collect the heat of the sun by the manner of photosynthesis. On burning, these plants
commute the captured energy. This approach, biomass energy efforts as a ordinary battery to
accumulate the solar energy and revenue it on demand.
1.2.5 Geothermal Energy
The heat energy which produced and accumulated within the laminations of Earth. The
acclivity thus grown gives increase to a regular conduction of thermal energy from the bottom
to the superficial of earth. This acclivity is employed for heating water for producing
superheated steam & utilizes it to operate steam turbines for generating electrical energy. The major drawback of geothermal power is that Geothermal energy usually bounded to areas near structural plate boundaries, although new developments have conduct to the reproduction of this mechanism.
1.3 Non Conventional Energy progressions across the world
The current progression across advanced economies touches calibration in the favors of Non
Convectional Energy. For last four years, the areas of North America, Italy and Europe have
clinched more non conventional power Burdon in comparison of non renewable power
burden. Non-conventional reputed for 62% of newly established power burden in Europe and
North America in 2010 and nearly 22% of the yearly power generation.
Wind and biomass share a major part of the present non conventional energy consumption.
New developments in solar PV mechanism and constant growth of assignment in countries as
Germany, UK and Spain have imported around huge development in solar (cosmic) Photo
Voltaic merchandised as well that is used to exceed another non conventional energy
resources in the upcoming years.
By 2010, along with 86 countries used little policy ambition to gain a predetermined portion
of their energy burden through non conventionality was a rise from around 46 countries in
2006. Most of goals are very ambitious too, plat forming in range of 32-92% portion of
national generation through non conventional. Important policies are the goal of achieving
22% of complete energy by non conventional by 2020 & Jawaharlal Nehru Cosmic Mission of
India, by which India schemes to produce 21GW cosmic (solar) energy by year 2023.
1.4 Solar Energy
Cosmic (solar) energy is acquired from sun in solar radiation form. Solar based electrical generation banks on PV (photovoltaic). An incomplete list of other solar applications contributes solar cooking, space & water heating.
1.4.1 PV Background Solar panels are fabricated of PV cells; which means direct transformation of sun radiation to electrical energy by semiconductor, normally fabricated of silicon. The word PV derives from Roman meaning "light" ->photo & "electrical" -voltaic. Bell Laboratories generated the 1st solar cell (in 1954). The efficiency was about 6 percent of cell. The 1st cells were accomplished for space relevance, so price was not big issue. Efficiency of solar PV cells is increased regularly in the coming years,& prices have reduced considerably in new decades. The principle material employed in making of solar PV panel is still Si, but another substance have been grown, either for capacity of these for reducing cost or capacity of these for tremendous efficiency. The world-wide requirement for solar electrical energy systems has raised firmly in last 21 years. The requirement for low price electrical energy in unique regions is principle force sweeping world-wide PV manufacturer today. PV mechanism is commonly least-cost alternative for a huge number of relevance, like stand-alone energy systems for tiny houses and remote houses, frontier telecommunication areas for advantages & the military, pumping of water for agriculturalist, & urgency call booths for highways & institutions.
Solar PV cells are transforming sun energy to other energy called electricity. When sun energy is decreased or stopped, when sun sets in evening or when cloud goes through the top most of sun, thus the transformation process ends or delays down. When sun radiation returns, the transformation process right away resumes, this transformation excluding any dynamic parts, hum, pollution or fixed maintenance. These benefits are because of special features of semiconductor substances that create this transformation possible. Solar PV cells do not collect electrical energy; they just transform sunlight to electrical energy when sun radiation is available. To use electric energy at night, solar PV system requires few form of power storage, normally batteries.
1.4.2 Principle of PV Cells A photovoltaic system uses semiconductor cells, usually many square cm in size.
Semiconductors have 4 electrons in outer orbit, on average. These electrons are known as valence electrons. When sunlight falls on photovoltaic cells, piece of light energy is consumed into semiconductor. When this appears the energy escapes the a which permits them to move independently. The flow of electrons is known as current and when we put conductor on the upper layer and lower layer of the PV cells, that current can be used externally. Many cells are accumulated in a calibre to produced required power. When numerous a like cells are linked in series solar PV calibre is achieved, current grading of calibres depends upon the land of distinctive cells. For achieving maximum power output, PV calibres are linked in series & parallel arrangements representing PV arrays.
1.4.3 Types of PV Panels There are many types of PV panels, distinct in material, cost, and efficiency. Since ability is the % of solar power which is acquired and transformed into electrical energy. The ability principles which contribute are a common % of ability, because it's hard to provide an accurate reading for distinct types of PV panels output. * Mono-crystalline PV Panels: have ability approximately 19%. They are fabricated from a big crystal of Si, see Figure 1.3. These types of PV panels have maximum ability as in consuming solar energy and transforming it into electrical energy; although they are very costly. They do adequately excellent in minimum light circumstances than the types of PV panels. * Poly crystalline PV Panels; have ability approximately 16%. Alternatively of one big crystal; this kind of PV panel contains of collective amounts of tinier Si crystals. They are best accepted type of PV panels on merchandise today. They seem to like cracked glass. They have efficiency hardly less and less costly than mono-crystalline PV panels a Amorphous PV Panels: have ability approximately 12%. Containing of a fine-like lamination fabricated from molten Si which is expanded exactly across big portion of untainted steel or complementary material, see Figure 1.5. One benefit of amorphous PV panels over another 2 is that amorphous PV panels are shadow shielded. Which means whenever a piece of PV panel is in dark, the PV panel starts to charge. These PV panels have minimum ability than another 2 kinds of PV panel & inexpensive to produce. These operate best on boats & other kinds of conveyance.

Claims (4)

EDITORIAL NOTE 2021104360 THERE IS ONE PAGE OF CLAIMS ONLY WE CLAIMS
1. The objective of the invention is a Matlab Simulink Based Solar Tracking Photovoltaic
Module by using MPPT, Neural MPPT and PID controller has been developed a based
concepts of solar energy.
2. The objective of the invention is that this system improves the tracking of solar system on regular basis by using solar energy as well passenger get alerts. If these are not found for 5 consecutive frames, the system draws the conclusion that the driver is falling asleep.
3. The objective of the invention is P&O is easiest method. In this method only 1 sensor (voltage
sensor) is used to sense PV system voltage & hence expenditure of employment is less & so
easy to employ.
4. The time multiplexity of this method is very low but on coming very near to MPP, doesn't
end at MPP & holds on perturbing upon both directions. When it occurs the method has come
very near to MPP & a suitable blunder limit is set or it is used a wait objective which stops
rising the time multiplexity of method.
AU2021104360A 2021-07-20 2021-07-20 Matlab simulink based solar tracking on photovoltaic module Ceased AU2021104360A4 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116307287A (en) * 2023-05-19 2023-06-23 国网信息通信产业集团有限公司 Prediction method, system and prediction terminal for effective period of photovoltaic power generation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116307287A (en) * 2023-05-19 2023-06-23 国网信息通信产业集团有限公司 Prediction method, system and prediction terminal for effective period of photovoltaic power generation
CN116307287B (en) * 2023-05-19 2023-08-01 国网信息通信产业集团有限公司 Prediction method, system and prediction terminal for effective period of photovoltaic power generation

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