AU2021104207A4 - Halloysite nanotube as a modified drug release carrier for 6-mercaptopurine - Google Patents
Halloysite nanotube as a modified drug release carrier for 6-mercaptopurine Download PDFInfo
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- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/52—Purines, e.g. adenine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
- A61K9/0092—Hollow drug-filled fibres, tubes of the core-shell type, coated fibres, coated rods, microtubules or nanotubes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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Abstract
Disclosed herein is a halloysite nanotube which is a modified drug release carrier for 6
mercaptopurine. We selected 6-Mercaptopurine as a model drug for this study, because its
insolubility in water makes it difficult to administer systemically by other means and because of
the potential applications of 6-Mercaptopurinein chemotherapy.All the formulation showed
sustained released of the drug when investigated of 20 hrs.in phosphate buffer pH 7.4.
Formulation Fl, F2, F3 and F4 showed percentage drug release which was about 89.56, 74.36,
75.13 and 75.74% respectively. Which showed that formulation with higher entrapment
efficiency possess maximum percentage drug release.Stability testing were performed by
randomly selected formulations were subjected to stability studies conditions at 5±30 C, room
temperature (25±20C with 60±5% RH) and 400 C with 75±5% relative humidity for a period of 3
months. From the stability studies it was confirmed that the formulations are stable at
temperature and humidity. In this study estimation of % tumor growth inhibition of formulation
was based on changes in tumor cell line. In the study the formulation was injected into the tumor
cell. In the case of the MCF-7 tumor 6-Mercaptopurine without HNTs appears to have less
tumoricidal effect. The drug show 12.34 % tumor growth inhibition and the formulation F1
showed2l.82% tumor growth inhibition, the formulation Fl has maximum% tumor growth
inhibition. Formulation F2, F3 and F4 showed 16.72, 19.11, 18.17 % tumor growth inhibition
respectively. The effectiveness of the formulation in delaying tumor growth clearly demonstrates
the importance of this delivery system in maintaining an inhibitory level of drug over a long
period of time.
Description
Editorial Note:
2021104207
First page of drawings submitted added to the description. Description is now 7 pages.
TITLE OF INVENTION HALLOYSITE NANOTUBE AS A MODIFIED DRUG RELEASE CARRIER FOR 6 MERCAPTOPURINE
Cancer is wide group of diseases which could start practically from any, part of the human body, when atypical cell grows ungovernably and yonder their partition to berate adjoining parts of the human body and outspread to other organs. This hindmost activity is called metastasizing and is the extensive cause of death from cancer. Although is this fast-growing world cancer is the 2nd largest paramount cause of death across the world, conceding for an approximate 9.6 million lives', which is one in six deaths, in 2018 lung, prostrate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer were the most regular types of cancer in males, though on other hand breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, and thyroid cancer were the most regular among females. However, Cancer could affect one an all young or old, rich or poor, men or women, even children's to are affected which constitutes an enormous burden for patient, families, and societies. Being one of the paramount causes of deaths worldwide. Though many in these deaths can be circumvented, between 30-50% of cancer are preventable aerobicized life style choices such as illusion of tobacco & by accepting public health measures like inoculation against cancer generating infection other can be spotted early, which could be served and rehabilitated. Even with later phase of cancer, the endurance of patients should be pleased with adequate palliative care. Cancer is the disease that transpire due to the variance in the cell cycle of the body, under normal condition the cell cycle is very highly regulated as the number of new cells formed by cell cycle is just adequate enough to replace the old cells which have undergone apoptosis or have died due to cell injury or some other cause 6-Mercaptopurine an antineoplastic agent loaded with in a Nano particulate carrier system HNTs were prepared by ultra-sonication and vacuum filtration method and coated with pH responsive polymer Eudragit s-100 by magnetic stirring and centrifugation technique for developing a pH responsive formulation, for delivering sustained release formulation. The present study includes identification, formulation, and evolution of 6- Mercaptopurine loaded
HNTs a Nano particulate carrier system. Formulation developed in this work was aimed to increase the bio availability of 6-Mercaptopurine with short biological half-life and delivering appropriate amount of drug in the systemic circulation on the cancerous cells without effecting normal cells by achieving sustained release formulation.
SUMMARY Delivery of antineoplastic agents by using nano particulate carrier system by using Halloysite nano tube (HNTs) which is a Nano particulate carrier system is a new strategy with enhanced potential to accelerate anti-cancer effect of the 6-Mercaptopurine by enhancing its bioavailability and reducing the systemic toxicity. In this study we have developed a formulation using HNT as a carrier of 6-Mercaptopurine which is an antineoplastic drug which serves shorter half-life as a result of which large part of delivered drug are been excreted out from the body in un changed form through urine, to avoid this adverse effect by increasing the bioavailability of the drug at the cancer sight have been demonstrated. The primary objective of this work was to prepare and evaluate the sustained release of 6- Mercaptopurine using HNTs as a carrier system followed by coating the same with Eudragit s-100 Co-polymer for achieving pH dependent sustained release of drug. Pure HNTs were functionalizes and drug incorporation within the halloysite lumen was achieved by Ultrasonication and vacuum filtration method. Identification test were carried out by using different techniques like melting point determination, partition coefficient and FTIR. The prepared formulation was evaluated for different parameters like Drug entrapment efficiency which was found to be maximum, Drug excipients compatibility studies, In vitro studies and particle size determination. FTIR studies proved that there was no interaction between drug and excipients, particle size determination was carried out through SEM showing the micro ranges between (6.73ptm-19.3ptm) respectively. Drugreleasedwascarriedoutfor20hrs.inphosphatebufferPh7.4at37Canmaximumrelease was found to be 89.56% for formulation Fl. The formulation F1 showed 21.81% tumor growth inhibition. Hens it was concluded that the prepared formulation possessing Sustained release, improving the bioavailability and improved % tumor growth inhibition of 6-MP which could be more efficient in treatment of cancer and can be considered as novel drug deliverysystem.
The conventional oral dosage forms are endorsed on to command over Drug delivery, resulting in variations of plasma drug level. Different approaches have been carried out to prevent the release of drug in stomach from the oral dosage form.Development of pH dependent formulation is the greatest approach to reduce the disadvantage of oral dosage form as the drug delivery depends on the pH of environment.The Drug releases gradually from nano particulate carrier system (HNTS) at wanted rate resulting gastric residence time with tempering in fluctuation in plasma drug concentration.Halloysite nano tube a carrier used have large surface area for drug loading resulting maximum drug loading and delivering sustained release of drug for longer interval.The goal of existing study is to develop a pH dependent formulation using nano particulate carrier system (HNTS) for sustained delivery of antineoplastic agent.
Reasons for the selection of drug: 1. 6-Mercaptopurine is a purine derivative and an antineoplastic compound having antimetabolite action.
2. This purine derivative also serves with a good immunosuppressant property due to which can also work against auto immune diseases. 3. This antineoplastic agent basically acts directly on process of protein synthesis which involves active participation of nucleus and DNA. 4. This novel antineoplastic agent has a good cure rate for the patients suffering from cancer.
Accompanying the above description, the method for performing this Invention consists of following steps. Drug loading within the Halloysite lumen
20pg of drug was weighed and dissolved in 4:1 v/v of ethanol and water solution (5ml) and considered as (A), now 20pg HNTs was taken in which 2.5 ml of ethanol and water solution (A) was added and considered as (B), this solution (B)was sonicated in solicitor for 30 minutes, this solution (B) was taken out andfiltered through vacuum filtration using 20-micron filter paper, the filtrate obtained on the filter paper was dried in oven at 37 0 C for 20 hrs. pure drug loaded HNTs were obtained. Coating of pure drug loaded HNTs with polymer Pure drug loaded HNTs was transferred to a solution of eudragitS-100 polymer and ethanol 3:1 ratio Halloysite polymer weight ratio the solution obtained was kept on magnetic stirrer using beaker and stirred of 24 hrs. using magnetic bead at room temperature the obtained mixture was centrifuged for 2 hrs. at 4000 rpm. Sediment and supernatant obtained were againdried in oven at 40 0 C for 24 hrs. to obtain thefinal formulation. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the particle count and size determination of the sample whether it's in a nano range.
In Vitro drug release Final obtained formulation was enclosed in dialysis membrane which was emerged in a releasing medium of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 20 hrs. at 370 c by using shake flask method. During this process exact volume of sample were taken out from the flask and simultaneal equal amount of buffer was added to the flask after each sampling. Further release profile of each sample was recorded under UV apparatus at standard X max.In vitro drug release of all the
formulation was preformed and percentage drug release was calculated respectivelyforeachformulationinphosphatebufferpH 7.4at37C. it wasobserved that formulation containing equal amount of drug and excipients possesses maximum drug release in formulation F1. Stability study
For conducting stability studies 3 best formulations were chosen and were analyzed according to ICH guidelines at different temperature and conditions. To analyze the stability of API within the formulation and stability of formulation itself. In-vitro cytotoxicity study of formulations:
The in vitro cytotoxicity of the CPT formulations was performed on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The concentration of drug was 10 pg/ml used for in vitro studied. Sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to formulations was determined individually by the MTT colorimetric assay. Cells were seeded in a flat-bottomed 96-well plate and incubated for 24 h at 37°C and in 5% C02. The cell line was exposed to all formulations mentioned above. The solvent DMSO treated cells served as control. Cells were then treated with MTT reagents (20[t/well) for 4 h at 37°C and then, DMSO (200[l) was added to each well to dissolve the formazan crystals. The optical density was recorded at 492 nm in a microplate reader. Percentage of residual cell viability was determined as (1-(OD of treated cells/OD of control cells)) x100. The drug show 12.34 % tumor growth inhibition and the formulation F1 showed2l.82% tumor growth inhibition, the formulation F1 has maximum% tumor growth inhibition. Formulation F2,F3 and F4 showed 16.72, 19.11, 18.17 % tumor growth inhibitionrespectively. Formulation F1 showed maximum % tumor growth inhibition due to maximum drug release from the HNTs formulation.
CONCLUSION Local deliveries of chemotherapeutic agent by controlled release polymers are a new strategy with the potential to maximize the anti-tumor effect of a drug and reduce systemic toxicity. In this study, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of using the biodegradable chitosan polymer to deliver high doses of 6-Mercaptopurine locally to a mouse tumor model. Growth of tumors treated in this fashion was retarded for significantly longer periods than were tumors treated with systemically administered 6-Mercaptopurine. 6-Mercaptopurine delivered by intra-tumoral hydrogel showed no toxicity. Delivery of antineoplastic agents by using nano particulate carrier system by using Halloysite nano tube (HNTs) which is a Nano particulate carrier system is a new strategy with enhanced potential to accelerate anti-cancer effect of the 6-Mercaptopurine by enhancing its bioavailability and reducing the systemic toxicity. In this study we have developed a formulation using HNT as a carrier of 6-Mercaptopurine which is an antineoplastic drug which serves shorter half-life as a result of which large part of delivered drug are been excreted out from the body in un changed form through urine, to avoid this adverse effect by increasing the bioavailability of the drug at the cancer sight have beendemonstrated. The primary objective of this work was to prepare and evaluate the sustained release of 6 Mercaptopurine using HNTs as a carrier system followed by coating the same with Eudragit s 100 Co-polymer for achieving pH dependent sustained release of drug. Pure HNTs were functionalizes and drug incorporation within the halloysite lumen was achieved by Ultrasonication and vacuum filtration method. For achieving the incorporation of drug within the Halloysite lumen, Drug and ethanol solution was prepared this solution was added to pure weighed HNTs and was sonicated the obtained solution was filtered using vacuum filter by placing micron filter paper the filtrate obtained was dried in oven. Drug entrapment efficiency was not much but was considerable though Formulation F1 showed maximum entrapment efficiency with drug entrapment 78.43%. Particle size determination showed that the formulated product was in micro range and coating on the surface was been clearly observed. Although all the formulation showed sustained released of the drug when investigated of 20 hrs.in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Formulation Fl, F2, F3 and F4 showed percentage drug release which was about 89.56, 74.36, 75.13 and 75.74% respectively. Which showed that formulation with higher entrapment efficiency possess maximum percentage drug release.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: Fig.1: Depicting size and coating of drug loaded HNTs with Eudragit s-100 co- polymer Fig2. (F1) Depicting coating of HNTs with eudeagits-100 Fig3. (F1) Image of a single coated HNT Fig4. In-vitro drug release of formulation, the % cumulative drug release data Fig5. % Tumor growth inhibition
Table. Percentage cumulative drug release of formulation Table2. Stability studies of formulations
Figures:
Editorial Note:
2021104207
Only 1 page of claim
Claims (6)
- WE CLAIM 1. A halloysite nanotube which is a modified drug release carrier for 6-mercaptopurine, thisformulation shows better effect on MCF-7 cell line.
- 2. It has less toxicity on normal cell.
- 3. Formulation claimed in 1 has localized drug delivery hence increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects& has reduced frequency of administration.
- 4. Formulation claimed in 1 has site-specific drug delivery lower dose is required and is cost effective also.
- 5. Formulation claimed in 1 has improved bioavailability at the sight of action.
- 6. We claim the method for preparing formulation as described in claim 1 a) Drug loading within the Halloysite lumen b) Coating of pure drug loaded HNTs with polymer c) In Vitro drug release was evaluated d) Then stability studies were performed e) In-vitro cytotoxicity study of formulations was done.Editorial Note:2021104207Only 4 pages of drawingsFig1. (F1) Depicting size and coating of drug loaded HNTs with Eudragit s- 100 co- polymerFig2. (F1)Depicting coating of HNTs with eudeagits-100Fig3. (F1) Image of a single coated HNT100.0090.0080.0070.00 % drug release60.0050.0040.0030.0020.0010.000.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20F1 F2 F3 F4Fig4. In-vitro drug release of formulation, the % cumulative drug release data21.82 %Tumor growth inhibition20 19.11 18.17 16.7215 12.34 20211042071050 6-MP F1 F2 F3 F4Fig5. % Tumor growth inhibitionTable1. Percentage cumulative drug release of formulation Time (Hrs) F1 F2 F3 F4 1 11.79 13.97 14.36 11.92 2 14.10 17.56 20.13 13.84 3 15.51 20.26 22.82 25.38 4 17.18 23.59 27.44 26.02 5 22.82 27.44 30.51 27.43 6 25.00 33.85 32.31 34.35 7 28.72 37.69 33.85 37.82 8 31.15 41.67 35.26 40.25 9 35.00 46.41 37.95 46.53 10 39.10 48.46 38.85 51.66 11 45.90 53.33 41.15 54.87 12 51.03 56.15 45.90 58.33 13 56.28 59.36 48.33 61.28 14 61.67 61.28 53.21 67.69 15 66.54 63.72 57.95 69.94 16 72.05 65.13 62.31 70.51 17 77.82 67.18 65.13 72.92 18 84.10 71.15 68.08 73.33 19 87.33 73.59 72.56 75.35 20 89.56 74.36 75.13 75.74Table2.Stability studies of formulationsFormulation Storage conditions (%) Percent drug content code 7 Days 15 Days 30 Days 60 Days 90 Days 5±30C 96.83 92.38 88.19 87.32 87.08 2021104207F1 25±20C / 60±5% RH 97.75 93.95 89.88 88.81 88.16 40±20C / 75±5% RH 97.66 93.34 89.25 89.03 86.48 5±30C 98.26 96.34 94.48 92.57 91.73 F2 25±20C / 60±5% RH 98.11 95.24 93.54 93.11 92.41 40±20C / 75±5% RH 97.94 96.44 92.43 90.24 89.92 5±30C 99.56 98.68 98.57 96.38 94.19 F3 25±20C / 60±5% RH 97.47 98.46 96.47 94.27 92.71 0 40±2 C / 75±5% RH 97.31 95.36 95.22 94.95 91.51 5±30C 98.68 98.64 96.68 94.10 93.91 F4 25±20C / 60±5% RH 98.57 97.35 95.75 94.92 92.20 40±20C / 75±5% RH 97.85 97.33 96.58 94.85 91.24
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| AU2021104207A AU2021104207A4 (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2021-07-15 | Halloysite nanotube as a modified drug release carrier for 6-mercaptopurine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021104207A AU2021104207A4 (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2021-07-15 | Halloysite nanotube as a modified drug release carrier for 6-mercaptopurine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| AU2021104207A4 true AU2021104207A4 (en) | 2021-09-09 |
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| AU2021104207A Ceased AU2021104207A4 (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2021-07-15 | Halloysite nanotube as a modified drug release carrier for 6-mercaptopurine |
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| Country | Link |
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| AU (1) | AU2021104207A4 (en) |
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