AU2021104048A4 - A novel polyherbal extract having antidiabetic potential - Google Patents

Abstract

: The present invention polyherbal compositition of an extract of a blend of plants, wherein the plants are ethanolic extract of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris, and Azadirachta Indica in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Animals were induced with diabetes using Alloxan and then were observed on basis of numerous parameters to access the induction and control of diabetes in comparison to all groups. The animal received dosing of Herbal extracts in treated groups and were checked for Fasting blood glucose. Neurobehavioral studies & weight of all animals checked on 7,14,21,28 days after induction of diabetes. The results proved that the herbal extract of the powder was anti-diabetic in action. Furthermore, the present also describes a process for the preparation of the polyherbal composition.

Description

A NOVEL POLYHERBAL EXTRACT HAVING ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL

Background of Invention:

Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic metabolic disease, with heterogeneous etiology and risk factors at the social level and behavioral, environmental, and genetic susceptibility. There are numerous traditional medicinal plants reported having hypoglycemic properties such as Allium sativum (Garlic), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Punica granatum (Anar), Trigonellafoenum (Fenugreek), Momordica charantia (Bitter ground), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi). The use and delivery of herbal medicine as a dosage form in treating and preventing diseases has a long history started with use in Mesopotamia in 2600 B.C. Although the oldest record on the practice of medicinal plants for drug preparation was engraved on a Sumerian clay slab, created over 5,000 years ago. The use of medicinal plants is still continuing in this modem era, and it has been estimated that approximately one-fourth of prescription medicines worldwide are derived from plants.

FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to herbal compositions for use in diabetes.

INTRODUCTON:

Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic metabolic disease, with a heterogeneous etiology and risk factors at the social level and behavioral, environmental, and genetic susceptibility. It is a disorder of glucose metabolism and is classified into multiple types based on underlying pathophysiology. The two most common types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. According to World Health Organization the diabetic population is likely to increase up to 300 million or more by the year 2025. There is increasing demand by patients to use natural products with Antidiabetic activity due to side eff ects associated with the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents.

There are numerous traditional medicinal plants reported to have hypoglycemic properties such as Allium sativum (Garlic), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Punicagranatum (Anar), Trigonellafoenum (Fenugreek), Momordica charantia (Bitter ground), Ocimum santum (Tulsi). Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), is a vegetable that is traditionally consumed throughout the world, and is a source of antioxidant compounds.

The presence of different phenolic compounds in beetroots confers antioxidant properties to this vegetable and recent studies have highlighted the role of nitrate derived from beetroots in reducing blood pressure and reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus . The herbal extracts which are effective in lowering blood glucose level with minimal or no side effects are known to be used as Antidiabetic remedies. Many compounds isolated from these plants are used in combinational therapy for diabetes. Azadirachta indicais known to possess hypolipedimic, hypoglycemic, immunostimulant and hepatoprotectives properties,.. There are reports showing plant extracts exerting beneficial effects in the diabetic environment by improving insulin action. Chemical constituents of the leaf extract of Punica granatumareellagic acid, tannins (punicalin and punicafolin), and flavone glycosides, including luteolin and apigenin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Before the present methods and systems are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that the methods and systems are not limited to specific synthetic methods, specific components, or to particular compositions. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. The present invention describes

a polyherbal composition of following herbs. Punica Granatum:

Fermented juice of pomegranate fruit has been found to have antioxidant activity. Extracted juice of pomegranate flowers can reduce blood sugar and lipids. Azadirachta Indica: According to the report oral feeding of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves increased beta cell density and decreased oxidative stress in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats also showed regenerative action of this extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats .It is also traditionally used as tonic and astringent for wounds, tooth decay and gum diseases. Beta vulgaris leaf

B. vulgaris leaves contain various phytoconstituents such as betalains, flavonoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. They have antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotectives, nephroprotective, wound healing, and anti- inflammatory activities. Phytochemical screening of chard has revealed the presence of some fatty acids, phospholipids, glycolipids, polysaccharides, folic acid, ascorbic acid, and pectin. In addition, saponins andflavonoids reported to have hypoglycemic effects, have also been found in various Beta vulgaris species

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a synergistic polyherbal composition comprising of an extract of a blend of plants, wherein the plants are selected from a group consisting of powder of dried fruits of Punica Granatum, Beta vulgaris leaf &Azadirachta Indica.

In one embodiment, the polyherbal composition is present in the form of powder, granules, liquid, solid, or semisolid. The present invention also provides a polyherbal composition useful for lowering blood sugar level and hyperlipidemia. In a preferred embodiment, the polyherbal composition can be used as an adjuvant or complementary treatment to an existing or conventional anti-diabetic therapy. In one embodiment, the process of preparation of polyherbal composition comprises of: (i) washing raw plant parts followed by drying to obtain dried plant parts; (ii) obtaining a fine powder by powdering and optionally sieving the dried plant parts to obtain fine powders of each of the plant parts; (iii) mixing the fine powders of each of the plant parts of step (ii) in a specific ratio to form a polyherbal powder (PHP) of plant parts; and (iv) extracting the polyherbal powder of step (iii) using a solvent to obtain an extract and concentrating said extract to obtain the polyherbal composition. In a preferred embodiment, the blend of plants comprises of powder of dried fruits of Punica Granatum

Beta vulgaris leaf &Azadirachta Indica.

Animal Studies:

Healthy albino male rats of Wistar strain approximately of same age group weighing 100-150 g weight of rats somewhat lower than standard, but the rats were otherwise healthy, 6-8 weeks old, took normal average daily diet, and displayed normal daily activity and behavior. The experiment is carried out during 9am to 4:30 after noon on daily basis up to 28 days. Male rats were obtained from the Animal House,. The animals were housed in standard cages and maintained under controlled room temperature (25± °C) and humidity (55 5%) with 12:12 hour light and dark cycle. The rats were fed commercially available rat normal pellet diet and water ad libitum.

The above drugs were administered orally once daily for 28 days. A total of 10 animals were equally divided into five groups with two animals in each group as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1: Experimental design for animal activity is shown in below given table.

S. No Group Drug Dose

1. A(normal normal saline 10ml/kg/d control)

2. B (diabetes normalSaline 10ml/kg/d control)

3. C zandu diabrishta -21 ayurvedic arishta preparation 0.5ml/kg/d

Pvt.Lmt (standard) manufactured by Emami

4. D Ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica 100mg/kg/d Indica (treated 1) granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta

5. E Ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica 200

mg/kg/d (treated 2) granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica

Induction of Diabetes:

Leaving aside two rats for normal control group, diabetes was induced in eight rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate in the dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. The fasting blood glucose was determined after 72 hours. Eight rats showing a blood glucose level of >200 mg/100 ml were taken for the study. Blood samples were collected using Retro orbital method.

Collection of blood sample and blood glucose estimation:

Blood samples were drawn from eyes of rat that using Retro orbital method, at weekly intervals till the end of the study (i.e. 4 weeks). Fasting blood serum glucose estimation was done on 7th, 14th, 21st and

28th day. Blood glucose estimation was done by glucose diagnostic Kits manufactured by call on plus Pvt. Ltd., using glucose strip. The complete process if explained in flowchart in figure 1.

Acute Toxicity Studies:

Albino rats of male sex were used for acute oral toxicity test according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines 10 Wistar rats weighing 100-200gm were selected and divided into five groups containing two animals per group. The animals were fasted overnight and were provided with only water. All groups were administered 10mg/kg body weight ethanolic extract of poly herbal powder of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indicaorally and observed for 14

days. If mortality was observed in one animal, then the same dose was repeated again to confirm toxic dose. If mortality was not observed, the procedure was repeated for further higher doses such as 1000, 2000&3000 mg/kg body weight.The treated animals were carefully observed individually for the toxicity signs and mortality. Parameters such as changes in skin and fur, eyes, respiratory, behavioral pattern, tremors, convulsions salivation, diarrhoea, lethargy, sleep and coma were observed.

Effect on body weight and Fasting Blood Sugar Level in Diabetic Rats:

On repeated administration of the extract for 28 days , a significant decrease in blood sugar was found in Groups C, D and E as compared to Group B , which showed a significant rise in blood sugar as compared to that in Group C,D and E . The percentage of reduction in body weight and fasting blood glucose in groups C, D and E on the 7h 14h 21s, and 2 8 th day is shown in figure 2,3

Behavior Activity: General Behavior Studies:

Evaluation of general behavioral profiles was performed by the method. Albino Wistar rats were divided in to fivegroup's two animals in each group. Ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indicawas administered to group D and E at dose of 100 and

200mg/kg body weight respectively. While the group A and B receives normal saline 10ml/kg .Group C wasadministered with Antidiabetic syrup named as zandu diabrishta -21 ayurvedic arishta preparation manufactured by Emami Pvt. Ltd. (0.5 mg/kg/day orally) The animals were under observation for theirbehavioral changes if any, at 30 min intervals in the first one hour and at the hourly intervals for the next 4 hour for the following parameters. Awareness, Alertness and Spontaneous Activity: The awareness and alertness was recorded by visual measure of the animal's response when placed in a different position and its ability to orient itself without bumps or falls. Animals usually show a moderate degree of inquisitive behavior.Sound Response: Albino Wistar rats normally utter no obnoxious sounds, so vocalization may indicate a noxious stimulus.

Elevated maze plus

The elevated plus maze has been described as a simple method for assessing anxiety responses of rodents by File and co-workers. There is great diversity in possible applications of the elevated plus maze. To name a few, prescreening of newly developed pharmacological agents for treatment of anxiety-related disorders can be carried out. The anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects of pharmacological agents, drugs of abuse and hormones can be investigated. The effects of reproductive senescence aging and pre or postnatal exposure to various stressors can be assessed . Behavioral responses in the elevated plus maze are easily assessed and quantified by an observer. Briefly, rodents are placed in the intersection of the four arms of the elevated plus maze and their behavior is typically recorded for 5 min. This was based upon the early studies that revealed that rats demonstrated the most robust avoidance responses in the first 5 min after placement in the elevated open alleys. The behaviors that are typically recorded when rodents are in the elevated plus maze are the time spent and entries made on the open and closed arms. Behavior in this task (i.e., activity in the open arms) reflects a conflict between the rodent's preference for protected areas (e.g., closed arms) and their innate motivation to explore novel environments. Anti anxiety behavior (increased open arm time and/or open arm entries) can be determined simultaneously with a measure of spontaneous motor activity (total and/or closed arm entries). Rats were divided in to five groups consisting of 2 rats per group. Ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica was administered to group D and E at dose of 100 and

200mg/kg body weight respectively. While the group A and B receives normal saline 10ml/kg .Group C was administered with Antidiabetic syrup named as zandu diabrishta -21 ayurvedic arishta preparation manufactured by Emami Pvt.Lmt. (0.5 mg/kg/day orally. On the first training day, each animal was placed at the end of an open arm facing away from the central platform.) Readings were taken as the time taken by the rat to move into any one of the covered arms with all its four legs. If the animal did not enter into the one of the arm within 90secs, it was gently pushed into one of the covered arms and the reading was assigned as 90secs. The animals was allowed to explore to the maze for 10secs and then returned to its home cage. This was examined on 6, 13,20and 27 day of drug treatment. Significant reduction in transfer latency value indicates improvement in memory. (figure 5)

Figure 5: Effect of ethanolic extract polyherbal powder of leaves of Punicagranatum, Beta vulgaris and AzadirachtaIndica on Elevated maze plus

Desxcription of the Invention

Diabetes is a common chronic ailment for which the patient has to take insulin to maintain the blood sugar level. It is very interesting to see how Polyherbal extract tackles this problem. It corrects the function of pancreas, stimulating it to produce insulin in the natural way, which in turn maintains the

blood sugar level. Polyherbal extract revitalizes and rejuvenates the organs, the dysfunction of which is causing the disease. This brings back normal functioning of the organs. Since no artificial chemicals are involved, it doesn't cause any side effects .Upon administration of ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punicagranatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica significant changes were recorded in

blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic rats along with other rats after oral administration of ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punicagranatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica are summarized in Tables 3and 4, respectively. The administration of 100mg/kg/d ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta

Indica caused a decrease of blood glucose in treated 1 rat that is group D but less than standard drug. The administration of 200 mg/kg/d ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica decreased blood glucose levels indiabetic rats more than that of standard drug and 100mg/kg/d ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica respectively. The administration of standard decrease the blood glucose level equal to group D.

Upon administration of ethanolic extract of polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica significant changes were recorded in blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic rats along with other rats after oral administration of ethanolic extract was compared. The results obtained from the present study show that the polyherbal powder of punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta indica had beneficial effects on lowering blood glucose levels. This polyherbal powder appears to be an attractive material for further studies, leading to possible drug development for diabetes. Development of phytomedicine is relatively inexpensive and less time consuming; it is more suited to our economic conditions than allopathic drug development which is more expensive and spread over several years. Popularity of natural products or their derivatives role in diseases cure and prevention is increasing worldwide due to less side effect properties.

Claims (7)

Claims:

1. A polyherbal compositition comprising of an extract of a blend of plants, wherein the plants are selected from a group consisting of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica.

2. The polyherbal compositition as claimed in claim 1, wherein amount of Punica Grantum ranges 25 to30% by weight, amount of Beta vulgaris ranges from 15 to 30% by weight, amount of Azadirachta Indica ranges from 25 to 35% by weight.

3. The polyherbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blend of plants comprises of powder of leaves of Punica Grantum, powder of leaves of Beta vulgaris, and powder of leaves of Azadirachta Indica.

4. The polyherbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of pharmaceutically or veterinary or nutritionally acceptable excipients.

5. The polyherbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyherbal composition is in a dosage form, wherein the dosage form is selected from a group consiting of tablets, soft capsules, hard capsules, pills, granules, powders, emulsions, suspensions, sprays, syrups, elixirs, and pellets.

6. The polyherbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyherbal composition is used in treatment of diabetes.

7. A process for preparation of the polyherbal composition as claimed in claim 1, the process comprising: (i) washing and drying plants to obtain dried plants; (ii) powdering and optionally sieving the dried plants obtained in step (i) to obtain fine powders of each of the dried plants; (iii) blending the fine powders of each of the dried plants obtained in step (ii) to obtain a blend of plants; and (iv) extracting the blend of plants of step (iii) using a solvent to obtain an extract of a blend of plants and concentrating the extract of the blend of plants and optionally adding excipients to obtain the polyherbal composition; wherein the plants are selected from the group consisting of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica.

Art Work

Plants involved in formation of herbal extract 2021104048

Dry leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta indica

Figure 1: Flow chart of animal activity showing diabetes.

Dry Leaves of Azadirachta indica Dry Leaves of punica granatum Dry Leaves of beta vulgaris

Ethanolic extract of polyherbal formulation of beta vulgaris, Azadirachta indica and punica granatum (500ml ethanol: 180 gm. powder)

Diabetes induced in rats (group B, C, D and E by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate in the dose of 150 mg/kg body weight.

After diabetes induced to animals dosing will be done in animals. 2021104048

Group–A: Group–B: Diabetic Group–C: Group–D: Group-E: Normal Control Control (Normal market Treated 1st Treated 2nd (Normal Saline; Saline; 10 ml/kg/d) formulation of (100 mg/kg) (200 mg/kg) 10 ml/kg/d) amla will be given (0.5

Group-D Group- A provided Group- B Group-E provided provided with with normal pellets provided with with normal Group-C normal pellets diet and water. normal pellets pellets diet water provided with diet water and Fasting of rats done diet and water. and (200mg/kg/d) th , th normal pellets (100 mg/kg/d) on 0, 6 , 13th 20 Fasting of rats ethanolic extract. th diet water and ethanolic extract. and 27 day and done on 0, 6 , th Fasting of rats (0.5mg/kg/d)aml Fasting of rats Glucose level checked , th 13th 20 and 27 th th done on 0, 6th, st th th st a syrup. Fasting done on 0, 6 , on 1 , 7 , 14 , 21 day and Glucose , th th 13th, 20th and th of rats done on 13th 20 and 27 and 28 day. level checked on th th th 27th day and 0, 6 , 13 ,20 day and Glucose Diabetes is not th th 1st, 7 , 14 , 21 st th Glucose level and 27 day and level checked on induced th and 28 day. th th st checked on 1st, Glucose level 1st, 7 , 14 , 21 Diabetes is checked on 1st, th and 28 day 7th, 14th, 21st th th st induced 7 , 14 , 21 and and 28th day th 28 day

Group A will show Group C will Group D will show Group E will show normal activity. Group B will show healing healing affect from healing affect from become weak due affect from diabetes. diabetes more to diabetes. diabetes. accurate then group B and C.

M 300 g/ dl 250 2021104048

200 Day 0 150 Day 7 Day 14 100 Day 21 Day 28 50

0 Normal control Diabetes control Standard zandu Treated 1 Treated 2 10ml/kg/d 10ml/kg/d dabrishta 100mg/kg/d 200mg/kg/d 0.5ml/kg/d

Figure 3: Effect of ethanolic extract polyherbal powder of leaves of Punica granatum, Beta vulgaris and Azadirachta Indica on fasting blood serum glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic albino rats.

300

M 250 2021104048

g/ dl 200 * day 0 150 day 7 day 14 100 day 21 day 28 50

0 Normal control Diabetes control Standard zandu Treated 1 Treated 2 10ml/kg/d 10ml/kg/d dabrishta 100mg/kg/d 200mg/kg/d 0.5ml/kg/d

30

25

20

15 Day 0

10 Day 28

5

0 Normal Diabetes Standard Treated 1 Treated 2 control control dabrishta 100mg/kg/d 200mg/kg/d 10ml/kg/d 10ml/kg/d 0.5ml/kg/d