AU2021103680A4 - A composition of environmental friendly self-compacting geopolymer concrete and method of preparation thereof - Google Patents
A composition of environmental friendly self-compacting geopolymer concrete and method of preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229920003041 geopolymer cement Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 123
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013142 basic testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
- C04B28/008—Mineral polymers other than those of the Davidovits type, e.g. from a reaction mixture containing waterglass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00103—Self-compacting mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Abstract
A COMPOSITION OF SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE AND
METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF
The present invention relates to a composition of self-compacting geopolymer concrete and
method of preparation thereof. The propose invention produces environmental friendly
concrete by utilizing industrial wastes as ingredients to get the self-compacting durable
concrete.The object of proposed invention to develop a cement free geopolymer concrete
composition with self-consolidation by preheating of the mix of alkaline activator and fly as
at an ideal temperature with utilization of quarry dust, recycled aggregate to reduce the
burden on natural resources under sustainability concept at ambient curing condition. The
proposed self-compacting geopolymer concrete composition eliminates the problem of
disposal of wastes from industries by converting wastes such as fly ash, quarry dust and
thereof as resources for concrete preparation.
Description
Technical field of invention:
[001] Present invention in general relates to a composition of self-compacting geopolymer concrete and method of preparation thereof which precisely uses fly ash as replacement to cement, recycled aggregate as coarse aggregate and quarry dust as fine aggregate which provides wide range of ecological and cost-effective benefits.
Background of the invention:
[002] The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
[003] In the construction industry the cement consumption is at very high rate and the second most consumed material in the world is the cement as per statistical data reports. The emission of greenhouse gases from the cement industry is around 5 to 10% of the world's manmade contribution of greenhouse gases. In the construction industry cement utilisation is very high and the usage of other natural resources is also at very high rate of use. In the preparation of concrete natural resources are utilized at high rate in the form of coarse aggregate & fine aggregate ie., Crushed granite as coarse aggregate, river sand as fine aggregate. In the infrastructure development there is a constant need of material for construction activates in developed as well as developing countries and there is a shortage of quality materials availability from natural source as an ingredient to the concrete.
[004] The most commonly used building material is the concrete, which is made from the combination of ingredients of machine broken stones or gravel, river sand and potable water. The concrete when it takes the shape of the construction element by pouring it in the required moulds and compacting, it forms a hardened material which resembling like stone after hardening it with proper curing. In the preparation of concrete with specified target strength, compacting and curing is also taken an important role, but practically compacting & curing concrete at site which is not possible.
[005] Concrete is a construction material formed from a combination of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement and water which on hardening, forms a mass resembling to stone when placed or poured into moulds. Paving units, wall building units, ornamental blocks, stairs, and other landscaping features are all made of concrete blocks. Also, for decorative reasons, these blocks are often given a natural stone look over an exposed part. These concrete blocks are then placed together to create natural-looking paved surfaces, fences, and other buildings.
[006] There is a huge depletion of naturally available aggregate due to use in construction purpose, which also increase the risk to environment due the increase in mining process. The process of natural aggregation extraction involves various types of pollution, blasting, aqua life disturbance, also huge loss of ground water which also affects the agricultural process. As due to over exploitation of natural aggregate, government has put some strict restrictions to the mining operations and suggested to look for alternative materials.
[007] Geopolymer concrete is formed by the polerimerization of binding agent (such as fly ash, ground granulated slag etc) and alkaline solutions. Geopolymer concrete utilizes the silica and alumina poly condensation to achieve strength unlike Portland cement which forms CSH gel to attain strength. The geopolymer concrete can attain strength either by heat curing or in room temperature depending on the binding materials. The zero cement concrete of '0 geopolymer concrete can attain better strength in compared to the due the geopolymerization reaction between the binding agent and the alkaline reaction, which also shows good initial strength results than the conventional concrete.
[008] There is a need of replacement for convention concrete which uses natural aggregate, which is over exploited due to huge demand in construction area and the cement, which is produced with a huge amount carbon emission to the atmosphere. Also there is a huge crisis in the disposal process of industrial waste (such as fly ash, GGBS, rice husk ash etc). But for preparation of geopolymer concrete, the wastage material like fly ash, GGBS, rice husk ash can be used with the help of alkaline activating agent, which will nullify the requirement of cement and the natural aggregates can be replaced with the quarry dust and recycled aggregate. Eventually it will reduce the usage of cement and natural aggregate, also it will show better strength results then convention cement based concrete. Hence it can be concluded that, geopolymer concrete is the environment friendly, economic concrete which is the need of hour.
[009] Making of conventional geopolymer concrete was found to be affected by several factors such as the binder, the activator solution used and the temperature at which it is being cured. Rice husk ashes, fly ash, metakaolin, GGBS are utilized as binder either in combination or individually. NaOH or KOH combined with Na or K silicate respectively constitute the alkaline activator. The concentration of Na/potassium hydroxide is found affecting the rate of geopolymerization. Several studies have also demonstrated how the ratio of Na/potassium hydroxide to Na/ potassium silicate affects the process of geopolymerization. Along with the mentioned factors the temperature at which curing of conventional geopolymer concrete (CGPC) is carried is significant to the strength attainment of CGPC.
[0010] Therefore, there is a need for a cement free self-compacting geopolymer concrete composition that significantly reduces the usage of natural resources involved with the preparation of concrete. There is a need to eliminate the problem of disposal of wastes from industries by converting wastes such as fly ash, quarry dust, recycled aggregate and thereof as resources for concrete preparation. There is a need to reduce the cost of concrete by reducing the manpower requirement by self-consolidation of concrete and utilizing industrial waste as resources. There is a need to think in the direction of alternative method for critical elevated '0 temperature curing for fly ash based geopolymer concrete. A concrete composition that impacts both the environment and the economy is the need of the hour. Hence the present invention develops a composition of self-compacting geopolymer concrete utilizing Quarry Rock Dust (QRD) and Recycle Aggregate (RA) and method of preparation thereof.
Objective of the invention
[0011] An objective of the present invention is to attempt to overcome the problems of the prior art and provide a composition of self-compacting geopolymer concrete and method of preparation thereof.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention providesdurable concrete structures with an aim of eliminating the disposal problem of wastes from industry such as fly ash, quarry dust and alternative resources for concrete with reduced noise pollution,
[0013] It is therefore an object of the invention touse fly ash as replacement to cement, recycled aggregate as coarse aggregate and quarry dust asfine aggregate.
[0014] It is therefore an object of the invention is toproduce environmental friendly concrete by utilizing industrial wastes as ingredients to get the self-compacting durable concrete and thereby provides cost effective and sustainability benefits,
[0015] It is therefore an object of the invention to reduce the depletion of natural resources such as natural sand, granite stones through the process of mining and solution to the problem of emission of greenhouse gasses by replacing the cement with industrial waste materials.
[0016] These and other objects and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the further disclosure to be made in the detailed description given below.
Summary of the invention:
[0017] Accordingly following invention provides a composition of self-compacting '0 geopolymer concrete and method of preparation thereof. The proposed invention produces environmental friendly concrete by utilizing industrial wastes as ingredients to get the self compacting durable concrete. In present inventionthe self-compacting geopolymer concrete composition is prepared by mixing the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fly ash, sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2 SiO 3 ). In specific, the performance of fly ash based geopolymer concrete by inducing the process of geo polymerization by pre heating the mix of alkaline activator and fly ash mixed as an admixture to avoid the elevated temperature curing and utilized as fillers in the geopolymer concrete composition. The geopolymer concrete composition is prepared within 5 minutes. In specific, the molarity of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is around 12. The sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and the sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) are utilized as binding materials for polymerization to form geo-polymer.
Brief description of drawing:
[0018] This invention is described by way of example with reference to the following drawing where,
[0019] Figure 1 of sheet 1 illustrates flowchart to produce self-compacting geopolymer concrete.
[0020] In order that the manner in which the above-cited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be referred, which are illustrated in the appended drawing. Understanding that these drawing depict only typical embodiment of the invention and therefore not to be considered limiting on its scope, the invention will be described with additional specificity and details through the use of the accompanying drawing.
Detailed description of the invention:
[0021] The present invention relates to a composition of self-compacting geopolymer concrete utilizing quarry rock dust and recycle aggregate and method of preparation thereof. '0 More particularly the proposed invention produces environmental friendly concrete by utilizing industrial wastes as ingredients to get the self-compacting durable concrete.
[0022] In the exemplary embodiment, the self-compacting geopolymer concrete composition comprises 30 to 32 volume percentage of a recycled coarse aggregate made of construction demolished concrete waste, 15 to 17 volume percentage of quarry dust as a fine aggregate, 18 to 20 volume percentage of fly ash, 2.5 to 3.5 volume percentage of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and 4.5 to 5.5 volume percentage of sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ), 0.9 to 1.1 volume percentage of water, 0.8 to 1.1 volume percentage of chryso optima K9314as super plasticizer and 0.2 to 0.3 volume percentage of chryso quad 60 as viscosity modifying agent.
[0023] In present invention the self-compacting geopolymer concrete composition is prepared by mixing the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fly ash, sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2 SiO 3 ). In specific, the performance of fly ash based geopolymer concrete by inducing the process of geopolymerization by pre heating the mix of alkaline activator and fly ash mixed as an admixture to avoid the elevated temperature curing and utilized as fillers in the geopolymer concrete composition. The geopolymer concrete composition is prepared within 5 minutes. In specific, the molarity of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is around 12. The sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and the sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) are utilized as binding materials for polymerization to form geo-polymer.
[0024] In specific, the molarity of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is around 1OM. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the sodium silicate (Na2 SiO 3 ) are utilized as binding materials for polymerization to form geo-polymer. The sodium hydroxide is utilized in its conventional and available form from the market i.e., in pellets form. The proportion of NaOH to Na 2 SiO 3 is fixed at 1: 2.5 and with molarity of NaOH fixes at 12M for this optimum fluid binder ratio is fixed first. To determine the optimum temperature of pre heating, the proportion of NaOH to Na2 SiO 3 is fixed at 1: 1.75 and with molarity of NaOH fixes at 12M for this optimum fluid binder ratio is fixed. The mixture of fly ash with a solution of activator is heated to initiate geopolymerization and then to this hot mixture aggregates is added with extra water of 25 Kg/m3 , super plasticizer of 0.80 % and viscosity modifying agent of 0.20 0.
[0025] Fresh self-compacting geopolymer concrete must possess the key properties including '0 filling ability, passing ability and resistance to segregation at required levels in accordance with the EFNARC specifications. The moulding of the proposed concrete composition is to be completed within 15 minutes.
[0026] The proposed self-compacting geopolymer concrete is examined for various tests required for self-compacting and used raw materials. The tests are conducted such as properties of raw materials, workability and strength of concrete. The properties of the materials utilized are listed in Table-1, Table-2 and Table-3.
Oxide Sio 2 CaO Fe 2 0 3 MgO A1 2 0 3 TiO 3 SO 3 Na2 0 K20 Compos 62.19 1.97 3.2 0.5 27.5 1.06 0.06 0.3 0.9 ition (0%)
Table 1: Chemical composition ofFly ash
Sr. Property Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate No. NS QD NA RA 1. Specific gravity 2.67 2.62 2.80 2.55 2. Water absorption - 1.250% 0.80% 5.00% 3. Sieve Analysis (Zone) Zone III Zone I - 4. Bulk Density(kg/m3 ) 1548 1720 1650 1426
Table 2: Physical properties of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate
Sl.No Materials Values taken 01 Alkaline solution/ fly ash 0.40 to 0.44 02 Ratio of NaOH : Na2 Si03 1.0 : 2.5 03 For 12M (NaOH) + 1 litter NaOH pellets = 12x 40 = 480 distilled water grams
Table 3: Salient aspects considered for self-compacting geopolymer concrete mix
[0027] To examine the fresh self-compacting geopolymer concrete properties horizontal flow test for flowability, J-ring test for passing ability and V-funnel T 5 minutes test for segregation resistance are perform to know the effect of polymerization, in terms of workability of developed concrete. The workability of the concrete has been improved with the addition of chryso optima K9314 as super plasticizer and chryso quad 60 as viscosity modifying agent in the concrete. The workability tests results for self-compacting geopolymer concrete are shown in Table 4.
Mix Fly ash Fine Coarse Molarity of Fluid/ Designation (kg/m3 ) aggregate aggregate NaOH fly ash (kg/m3 ) (kg/m 3 ) (M) Mix 1 450 975 750 12 0.40 Mix 2 450 975 750 12 0.41 Mix 3 450 975 750 12 0.42 Mix 4 450 975 750 12 0.43 Mix 5 450 975 750 12 0.44
Table 4:Mix proportion for varying fluid to fly ash ratio
Sr. Method Unit MixI Mix2 Mix3 Mix4 Mix5 EFNARC No Limit 01 Slum flow (H-flow) mm 710 705 690 680 625 650-800
02 T50 cm slum flow Sec 3.65 4.05 3.75 4.00 5.10 2 -5 03 V-funnel sec 9.23 9.45 10.20 10.00 12.10 6-12 04 V-funnel at T 5 sec 11.50 12.10 12.50 12.60 15.50 0-3 minutes 05 J-ring mm 7.50 8.00 8.00 9.00 12.00 0 -10
Table 5: Basic properties of mixes for varying fluid to fly ash ratio
[0028] In the exemplary embodiment a self-compacting geopolymer concrete with the alkaline solutions are use as binding materials for the polymerization i.e., Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) with molarity of 12 and Sodium Silicate (Na2 SiO 3 ) with fly ash as fillers to replace cement mix proportions for varying fluid to fly ash ratio are examine for basic test of self compactability. From the table 4 and table 5 results it is found that the optimum value of fluid/fly ash ratio of self-compacting geopolymer concrete as 0.43 and this value is continued farther to find the optimum duration of preheating at constant temperature.
[0029] The designed self-compacting geopolymer concrete mix is cast with conventional aggregates and geopolymer as replacement for cement and with preheating temperature of 100C at different time intervals to find the optimum duration of preheating regime as shown in table 6.
Mix Fly FA CA NaOH Na2 SiO 3 Extra SP VM Curing Designa ash (kg) (kg) (Kg/m 3) Kg/m3 ) Water % A condition tion (kg) (kg) % (preheating regime) Mix A 450 975 750 70.40 123.10 25 0.80 0.20 100 0 C 15Min Mix B 450 975 750 70.40 123.10 25 0.80 0.20 100 0 C 20Min Mix C 450 975 750 70.40 123.10 25 0.80 0.20 100 0 C 25Min Mix D 450 975 750 70.40 123.10 25 0.80 0.20 100 0 C 30Min
Table 6:Self-compacting geopolymer concrete mixes with different preheating regime.
[0030] The fly ash, combined with the required amount of alkaline activator fluid is introduced onto a hot-air oven at the100C temperature with duration interval to achieve heat activation prior to casting. Then the mixture is subjected to repeated stirring, during heat activation, at a timely interval of 5 minutes.
[0031] Once the preheating temperature as 100°C with 25 Minutes duration as fix then the optimum value of replacement of natural sand with quarry rock dust are trailed with different replacement levels. The designed self-compacting geopolymer concrete mix is modified to cast test specimens with quarry dust as partial replacement to fine aggregate and other ingredients remain same. Detailed material proportions required for self-compacting geopolymer concrete composition are chosen for casting test specimens of size (150 X 150 X 150) mm according to IS standards. The harden properties of self-compacting geopolymer concrete embedded with quarry dust subjected to curing under ambient temperatures are tested for compressive strength at different ages of concrete.
Type Geo Fine Coarse Fluid/ Curing of mix polymer Aggregate % Aggregate Fly condition % % Ash (preheating) NRS QRD NA RA SCGPC-I 100 100 - 100 - 0.43 100 0C-25Min SCGPC-II 100 60 40 100 - 0.43 100 0C-25Min SCGPC-III 100 100 - - 100 0.43 100 0C-25Min SCGPC-IV 100 60 40 - 100 0.43 1000 C-25Min
Table 7: Material proportions for different trial mixes
[0032] Finally, the strength properties of castings of the self-compacting geopolymer concrete are tested by 40% replacement of natural aggregates with quarry dust. Four trial mixes (SCGPC-I to SCGPC-IV) are prepared with different material percentages and the average compressive strength for the four trial mixes (i.e., 03 cubes for each mix) at an age of 7, 14, 28 and 56 days as strength are assessed.
Type of mix Average Compressive Strength MPa
7 days 14 days 28 days 56 days SCGPC-I 38.14 54.85 57.50 58.60 SCGPC-II 35.55 50.37 53.47 54.72 SCGPC-III 32.63 46.12 49.13 50.10 SCGPC-IV 32.27 45.39 48.56 49.92
Table 8: Compressive strength of SCGPC at different ages
[0033] For instance table 4 depicts material proportions for different trial mixes. The first mix is termed as SCGPC-I which comprises a self-compacting geopolymer concrete mix with conventional aggregates and the second mix is termed as SCGPC-II which comprises a self compacting geopolymer concrete mix with 40% quarry dust replaced with natural river sand. The third mix is termed as SCGPC-III which comprises a self-compacting geopolymer concrete mix with 100% natural sand and 100% recycled aggregates. Finally fourth mix is termed as SCGPC - IV which comprises a self-compacting geopolymer concrete mix with 40% quarry dust replaced with natural river sand and 100% recycled aggregates.
[0034] The proposed concrete composition eliminates the disposal problem of wastes from industries by converting wastes such as fly ash, quarry dust and thereof as resources for concrete preparation. The cost of concrete is reduced by utilizing industrial waste as resources and thereby provides wide range of economic and environmental benefits. The geo polymer concrete composition aids to reduce the mining of natural resources such as sand, stones and thereof by utilizing industrial wastes such as fly ash and quarry dust to make concrete. Further, the concrete composition reduces the dead load on a construction structure.
Best method of performance of the invention:
• The self-compacting geopolymer concrete composition is prepared by mixing the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fly ash, sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2 SiO 3 ),
• Alkaline fluid ratio (NaOH : Na2SiO3) fix at 1 : 1.75 and with molarity of NaOH as 12 M for preheating curing condition of above concrete and per 1 m3 of concrete preparation the water added merely 25 kg, 1% of Chryso optima K9314 & 0.28 % of Chryso quad 60 with respective fly ash.
• Heating temperature of 100 0C with duration interval of 5 minutes, starting with 15 minutes to 30 minutes of time.
• Preheating temperature of 100 °C with 25 minutes duration fixed as optimum value.
• The mixture of fly ash with a solution of activator is heated to initiate geopolymerization and then to this hot mixture aggregates is added with extra water of 25 Kg/m 3 , super plasticizer of 0.80 % and viscosity modifying agent of 0.20 %.
• The moulding of the proposed concrete composition is to be completed within 15 minutes.
[0035] Further, the self-compacting geopolymer concrete composition is made out of waste materials thereby leading to wide range of economic and environmental benefits. The self compacting geopolymer concrete composition requires water about less than 5 percentages compared to conventional concrete. The present invention reduces the mining of natural resources such as sand, stones and thereof by utilizing industrial wastes such as fly ash, quarry dust, and demolished concrete waste to make concrete and provides cost effective and sustainability benefits.
[0036] The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A composition of self-compacting geopolymer concrete, comprises of; 18 to 20 volume percentage of fly ash, 39 to 41 volume percentage of natural sand as a fine aggregate, 30 to 32 volume percentage of crushed stone as coarse aggregate, 2.5 to 3.5 volume percentage of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 4.5 to 5.5 volume percentage of sodium silicate (Na2 SiO 3 ), 0.9 to 1.1 volume percentage of water, 0.8 to 1 volume percentage of chryso optima K9314 with respective fly ash and 0.2 to 0.3 volume percentage of chryso quad 60 with respective fly ash;
2. A method of preparation of self-compacting geo polymer concrete comprises of following steps;
a) mixing the coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, fly ash, sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2 SiO3 );
b) alkaline fluid ratio (NaOH : Na2 SiO 3 ) fix at 1 : 1.75 and with molarity of NaOH as 12 M for preheating curing condition of above concrete;
c) wherein heating temperature of 100 °C with duration interval of 5 minutes, starting with 15 minutes to 30 minutes of time;
d) and preheating temperature of 100 °C with 25 minutes durationfixed;
e) the above mixture of fly ash with a solution of activator is heated to initiate geopolymerization;
f) followed by addition of extra water of 25 Kg/m 3 , super plasticizer of 0.80 % and viscosity modifying agent of 0.20 %; and g) moulding of the concrete composition within 15 minutes.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114315243A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江大经住工科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly self-compacting premixed concrete and production process thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114315243A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江大经住工科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly self-compacting premixed concrete and production process thereof |
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