AU2021102406A4 - Method applicable to estimating dynamic dusting amount of pm2.5 in open-air coal storage yard - Google Patents
Method applicable to estimating dynamic dusting amount of pm2.5 in open-air coal storage yard Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100031831 Adipogenesis regulatory factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000775473 Homo sapiens Adipogenesis regulatory factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N2011/006—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system
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- Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
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Abstract
OF THE DISCLOSURE
Disclosed is a method applicable to estimating a dynamic dusting amount of PM2.5 in an open-air
coal storage yard. The following formula is applied:
, where, Q: dynamic dusting
amount (kg); a: cargo type dusting adjustment coefficient; APM2.5/TSP: ratio of a content of
particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 pm to a content of
particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 tm in coals on a
stacking surface of a storage yard; P: operating mode coefficient; H: operation head; o2: moisture
action coefficient, related to a bulk cargo property, valuing 0 .40~0.45; oo: critical value of
moisture action effect, related to a bulk cargo property, where a oo value of the coal is 6%; o:
moisture content; Y: operation volume; v2: wind velocity when an operation dusting amount
reaches 50% of the maximum dusting amount; U: wind velocity. By adopting the invention, the
dynamic dusting amount of PM2 .5 in the open-air coal storage yard is estimated with high result
accuracy.
1/2
DRAWINGS:
80
70
E 0
30
20
40
0
05 10 15
PM2. concentration (mg/m3 )
Fig. 1
60
30
10
0 123 56
PM2.5 concentration (mg/m3)
Fig. 2
Description
1/2
80 70
E0
30 20 40 0 05 10 15
PM2.concentration (mg/m3 )
Fig. 1
60
30
10
0 123 56
PM2.5 concentration (mg/m3)
Fig. 2
METHOD APPLICABLE TO ESTIMATING DYNAMIC DUSTING AMOUNT OF PM 2 .5 IN OPEN-AIR COAL STORAGE YARD
[0001] Technical Field
[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of control of atmospheric particulates in the fields of environmental science and engineering, in particular to a method applicable to estimating a dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in an open-air coal storage yard.
[0003] Description of Related Art
[0004] Dynamic PM 2 .5 dusting in an open-air coal storage yard occurs in a plurality of operation links such as stacking, reclaiming and loading/unloading, and dust particles during the loading/unloading are in a moving state. Dust resources in this state will be dusted due to a relative motion between the dust and the air without a wind action, which is called dynamic dusting. The existing common method for calculating a dynamic dusting amount in a coal storage yard is a dusting formula given in the Codefor Assessment ofEnvironmentalImpact on Port Construction (JTS 105-1-2011) released by the Ministry of Transport in 2011, which is an achievement obtained by years of exploration and continuous revision through numerous research personnel with various research methods including wind tunnel experiment and mathematical simulation. This comparatively mature formula, which is obtained by combining experiential data with theoretical derivation, has been extensively applied in the related fields of environmental evaluation, total dust amount control and the like. The formula is as follows:
Q = 2.3 A0005, PHe *~Y:1+e ~
[0005] where:
[0006] Q: dynamic dusting amount when an operation volume is Y (kg);
[0007] a: cargo type dust adjustment coefficient (1.2 for clean coal, 0.8 for raw coal, and 0.6 for washed lump coal);
[0008] P: operating mode coefficient;
[0009] H: operation head (in);
[0010] o2: moisture action coefficient, related to a bulk cargo property, valuing 0 .40-0 .45;
[0011] oo: critical value of a water action effect, namely a moisture action effect is not improved obviously when a moisture content is higher than the value, and related to a bulk cargo property, wherein a oo value of the coal is 6%;
[0012] o: moisture content (%);
[0013] Y: operation volume (t);
[0014] v2: wind velocity when an operation dusting amount reaches 50% of the maximum amount of dust (m/s).
[0015] U: wind velocity (m/s, wind velocity on surface of multi-stack storage yard being 89% of that of single-stack storage yard).
[0016] As paying more attention to environmental governance, China has attached more and more attention to the PM 2 .5 pollution problem. The calculation of the dusting amount in the open-air coal storage yard is not only confined to the calculation of dusting amount of TSP, but the calculation of dusting amount of PM 2 .5 is also required. The calculation of dynamic and static dusting amounts is required respectively before the dusting amount of the PM 2 .5 is calculated. However, there has been no formula for the dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in the open-air coal storage yard at present.
[0017] For the method for calculating the dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in the open-air coal storage yard at present, after the dynamic dusting amount of TSP is calculated by virtue of the above dusting formula, the dynamic dusting amount of TSP is multiplied by a ratio of a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 m (PM 2 .5) to a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 m (TSP) in coals on a stacking surface of the storage yard, which is used as a dynamic dusting amount of the PM 2 .5 in the coal storage yard.
[0018] The method has the following problems: a large number of re-suspension test, wind tunnel experiment and site monitoring data show that a ratio (EPM2.5/TSP) of a discharge weight of PM 2 .5 to a discharge weight of TSP certainly differs from a ratio (APM2.5/TSP)of the content of particulate matters (PM 2 .5) having the particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 m to the content of particulate matters (TSP) having the particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 m in coals on a stacking surface of the storage yard. This shows that multiplication by the APM2.5/TSPused as the dynamic dusting amount calculated by the method of dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5, after the dynamic dusting amount is calculated with the existing dynamic dusting formula of the coal, is not accurate enough.
[0019] To solve the technical problem in the known art, provided is a method applicable to estimating a dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in an open-air coal storage yard. With the method, the dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in the open-air coal storage yard is estimated to obtain a more accurate estimation result.
[0020] According to the invention, the technical solution is applied to solving the technical problem in the known art: the method applicable to estimating the dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in the open-air coal storage yard, taking the following formula:
Q = 2.3 0 APMj 2s m!P a afHeo**~-w)Y/I1+ eO.5(,~U
[0021] where:
[0022] Q: dynamic dusting amount when an operation volume is Y (kg);
[0023] a: cargo type dusting adjustment coefficient;
[0024] APM2.5/TSP: ratio of a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 pm to a content of
particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 pm in coals on a stacking surface of a storage yard;
[0025] P: operating mode coefficient;
[0026] H: operation head (m);
[0027] o2: moisture action coefficient, related to a bulk cargo property, valuing 0 .40-0 .45;
[0028] o: critical value of a water action effect, namely a moisture action effect is not improved obviously when a moisture content is higher than the value, and related to a bulk cargo property, wherein a oo value of the coal is 6%;
[0029] o: moisture content (%);
[0030] Y: operation volume (t);
[0031] v2: wind velocity when an operation dusting amount reaches 50% of a maximum dusting amount (m/s);
[0032] U: wind velocity (m/s, wind velocity on surface of multi-stack storage yard being 89% of that of single-stack storage yard).
[0033] The invention has the following advantages and positive effects: based on a lot of resuspension tests, wind tunnel experiments and field monitoring data, it can be reasonably determined that a ratio (EPM2.5/TSP) of fine particulate matters (PM 2. 5) produced from loading/unloading and storage operations of the open-air coal storage yard to total suspended particulate matters (TSP) is about 2.3 times that of the ratio (APM2.5/TSP) of the content of particulate matters having the particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 m (PM 2 .5 ) to the content of particulate matters having the particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 m (TSP) in coals on the stacking surface of the storage yard. Therefore, the dynamic dusting amount calculated by the primary dusting formula is multiplied by 2.3 times of APM2.5/TSP as the dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 , with a more accurate estimation result than the prior art.
[0034] In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can still derive other drawings according to these accompanying drawings without creative efforts.
[0035] Fig. 1 is a statistical chart of monitoring results of coal particulate matters in an operating state of a loading and unloading machine.
[0036] Fig. 2 is a statistical chart of status monitoring results of coal particulate matters in a silo;
[0037] Fig. 3 is a statistical chart of data of a wind tunnel experiment.
[0038] To further know the summary, characteristics and effects of the invention, the following embodiments are cited with reference to the detailed description of the accompany drawings:
[0039] In combination with the defects in an existing method for calculating a dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in an open-air coal storage yard in the background art, the invention carries out the following work:
[0040] A ratio (EPM2.5/TSP) of fine particulate matters (PM 2 .5 ) produced from loading/unloading and storage operations of the open-air coal storage yard to total suspended particulate matters (TSP) is determined through resuspension test, wind tunnel experiment and field monitoring data.
[0041] 1) Samples are collected from a dynamic dusting link in a certain open-air coal storage yard for screening of particle diameters, in order to obtain a ratio (APM2.5/TSP)of a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 m (PM 2 .5) to a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 m (TSP) in the sample; a resuspension experiment is carried on the sample; and a discharge weight ratio (Eresuspension PM2.5/TSP) of the PM 2 .5 to the TSP is counted, through which a value of Eresuspension
PM2.5/TSP/APM2.5/TSP iS found o range from 1.4 4t 2.38 and a mean value is 2.02 (see Table 1). When the dynamic dusting from the coal storage yard is speculated by the resuspension experiment data, a ratio (EPM2.5/TSP) of the generated PM 2 .5 to the TSP may be 2 times that of the
APM2.5/TSP.
Table 1 Capture Capture amount PM2.5/TSP Eresuspension S/N APM 2.5/TSP amount f oEresuspension (0) PM 2 .5 (0o) PM2.5/TSP/APM2.5/TSP (mg) (mg) Sample 13.13 0.001 0.0036 27.8 2.12 1#
Sample 8.45 0.0024 0.0125 19.2 2.27 2#
15.43 0.0016 0.0046 34.8 2.25 3#
Samle 27.35 0.0029 0.0076 38.2 1.40 4# Sample
Samle 13.75 0.0021 0.009 23.3 1.70 Sample #
Samle 13.15 0.0015 0.0056 26.8 2.04 6# Sample
14.00 0.0021 0.0074 28.4 2.03 7#
14.25 0.0038 0.0112 33.9 2.38 8#
[0042] 2) The TSP and the PM 2 .5 are synchronously monitored at such dynamic dusting pollution sources as stacker, reclaimer, ship loader and tippler, and within a coal silo, the APM2.5/TSP of the coals in the storage yard is 2.2%~27.4%, mostly 12%~16%.
[0043] A discharge monitoring concentration ratio of the PM 2 .5 to the TSP under the operation of a coal port machinery obtained during the monitoring period ranges from 11.8% to 70.8%, and a mean is 43.5%; A ratio of a monitoring concentration mean of the PM 2 .5 to a monitoring concentration mean of the TSP is 25.8%. A discharge weight ratio (Etorage yard operation PM2.5/TSP) Of the PM 2 .5 to the TSP is mainly distributed between 30% and 70%, and a mean is 45.7% (See Fig.1). Most of PM 2 .5 and TSP in the collected sample are from the dynamic dusting of the coal loading/unloading operation in the storage yard, and meanwhile are affected by PM 2 .5 and TSP produced from static dusting in the storage yard and other pollution sources in the area (mainly waste gas from machinery at the port). Due to a specific gravity of PM 2 .5 from waste gas from machinery at the port, the discharge weight ratio (Estorage yard operation PM2 .5/TSP)of the PM 2.5 to the
TSP monitored is greater than the EPM2.5/TSPin the actual dynamic dusting, and the EPM2.5/TSP is less than three times that of the APM2.5/TSP.
[0044] 3) Most of PM 2 .5 and TSP from the samples collected from the coal silo are from coal operation dusting within the silo, and the discharge weight ratio of (EsiloPM2.5/TSP)of the PM 2 .5 to the TSP is more close to the EPM2.5/TSPin the actual dynamic dusting, so that the interior of the coal silo is selected for monitoring. A ratio of a monitoring concentration mean of the PM 2 .5 to a monitoring concentration mean of the TSP within the coal silo obtained in a monitoring period is 24.2%. The discharge weight ratio (Esilo PM2.5/TSP) of the PM 2 .5to the TSP is mainly distributed between 17% and 30%, and a mean is 23.1% (See Fig. 2). Monitoring data of the silo shows that the EsiloPM2.5/TSPisabout twice that of the APM2.5/TSP.
[0045] 4) The wind tunnel experiment is applied to simulating the dynamic dusting in the open air coal storage yard, and wind velocities are set as 3 m/s, 4 m/s, 5 m/s, 6 m/s, 7 m/s and 8 m/s to obtain the discharge weight ratio (Ewind tunnel PM2.5/TP) of the PM 2 .5to the TSP. See Figure 3.
[0046] Among the data obtained from the wind tunnel experiment, an error is small when the wind velocity and dusting amount are high; after the wind velocity reaches 6 m/s, a value of Ewind tunnel PM2.5/TSP/APM2.5/TSPis getting closer and closer to 2.3. The ratio of the dusting amount of PM 2 .5 to the dusting amount of TSP (EPM2.5/TSP)may be considered to be about 2.3 times that of a ratio (APM2.5/TSP) of fine particulate matters (PM 2 .5) to the total floating particulate matters (TSP) in the coals stocked in the storage yard.
[0047] Therefore, according to the invention, the following steps are taken to calculate the dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in the open-air coal storage yard:
[0048] 1) obtaining, through a particle diameter screening test or data query, a ratio (APM2.5rrsp) of a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 pim (PM2 .5) to a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 pm (TSP) in coals on a stacking surface of a storage yard; and then obtaining wind velocity data according to meteorological data of a storage yard locality.
[0049] 2)taking the following formula to calculate a dynamic dusting amountof PM 2 .5 generated from a storage yard when an operation volume is Y:
Q = 2 .3'0 AP412- 5!M afifle~~""(1 Y/[1+
[0050] where:
[0051] Q: dynamic dusting amount when an operation volume is Y (kg);
[0052] APM2.5/TSP: ratio of a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 tm (PM2.5) to a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 tm (TSP) in coals on a stacking surface of a storage yard;
[0053] a: cargo type dust adjustment coefficient (1.2 for clean coal, 0.8 for raw coal, and 0.6 for washed lump coal);
[0054] P: operating mode coefficient;
[0055] H: operation head (in);
[0056] o2: moisture action coefficient, related to a bulk cargo property, valuing 0 .40-0 .45;
[0057] o0: critical value of a water action effect, namely a moisture action effect is not improved obviously when a moisture content is higher than the value, and related to a bulk cargo property, wherein a o0 value of the coal is 6%;
[0058] o: moisture content (%);
[0059] Y: operation volume (t);
[0060] v2: wind velocity when an operation dusting amount reaches 50% of a maximum dusting amount (m/s);
[0061] U: wind velocity (m/s, wind velocity on surface of multi-stack storage yard being 89% of that of single-stack storage yard).
[0062] Application instance of the invention:
[0063] Taking an open-air coal storage yard in a professional coal transportation harbor as an analytical case, a method for estimating a dynamic dusting amount of PM2.5 according to the invention is further depicted. The coal storage yard is equipped with two stackers, with a rated stacking capacity of Q=9,000 t/h; two reclaimers, with a rated reclaiming capacity of Q=6,000 t/h; three bridge grab ship unloaders, with a single rated capacity of Q=3,000 t/h; one mobile ship loader, with a rated capacity of Q=6,000 t/h; and one mobile car loader, with a rated capacity of Q=4,000 t/h. It is supposed that, within a certain hour, all above machines operate at full load within one hour, a wind velocity within the storage yard is 3 m/s, a moisture content of the coal is 8%, and the dynamic dusting amount of PM2.5 within one hour of the coal storage yard is calculated.
[0064] 1.1) A ratio (APM2 .5/TSP=0.14) of a content of PM2.5 to a content of TSP in coals on a stacking surface of the storage yard;
[0065] 1.2) The dynamic dusting amount of PM2.5 generated within one hour is calculated by step 2) (see Table 2). Table 2
Operation Wind Moisture Operation Dynamic dusting Oqpet volume velocity content head APM2.5/TSP amount of PM2 5 equipment (t) (m/s) (%) (m) (t)
Stacker 1 9000 3 8 1 0.14 0.044 Stacker2 9000 3 8 1 0.14 0.044 Reclaimer 1 6000 3 8 1 0.14 0.029 Reclaimer 2 6000 3 8 1 0.14 0.029 Ship 3000 3 8 3000 3 8 1 0.14 0.015 unloader 1 Ship 30 3000 3 8 1 0.14 0.015 unloader 2
Shp3000 3 8 1 0.14 0.015 unloader 3 Ship loader 6000 3 8 0.5 0.14 0.015 Carloader 4000 3 8 0.5 0.14 0.010 Total 0.215
[0066] It should be understood that although the present description is described in terms of the implementation, not every implementation includes only one separate technical solution, and such a description mode of the description is merely for the sake of clarity. A person skilled in the art should take the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in all the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by a person skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A method applicable to estimating a dynamic dusting amount of PM 2 .5 in an open-air coal storage yard, comprising the following steps: step: obtaining, through a particle diameter screening test or data query, a ratio (APM2.5/TSP)of a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 tm PM 2 .5 to a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 pm TSP in coals on a stacking surface of a storage yard; and then obtaining wind velocity data according to meteorological data of a storage yard locality, step2: the following formula is applied:
Q = 2.3 0 Aprja,m aaHeo" ~-w)Y/I1+ eO.5,~U
where: Q: dynamic dusting amount when an operation volume is Y (kg); a: cargo type dusting adjustment coefficient; APM2.5/TSP: ratioof a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 2.5 pm to a content of particulate matters having a particle diameter being less than or equal to 100 pm in coals on a stacking surface of a storage yard; P: operating mode coefficient; H: operation head (in); o2: moisture action coefficient, related to a bulk cargo property, valuing 0 .40-0 .45; oo: critical value of a water action effect, namely a moisture action effect is not improved obviously when a moisture content is higher than the value, and related to a bulk cargo property, wherein a oo value of the coal is 6%; o: moisture content (%); Y: operation volume (t); v2: wind velocity when an operation dusting amount reaches 50% of a maximum dusting amount (m/s); U: wind velocity (m/s, wind velocity on surface of multi-stack storage yard being 89% of that of single-stack storage yard).
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