AU2021101028A4

AU2021101028A4 - A battery assembly

Info

Publication number: AU2021101028A4
Application number: AU2021101028A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Dominic Spooner
Original assignee: Battery Graphene Corp Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Battery Graphene Corp Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2019-06-17
Filing date: 2021-02-24
Publication date: 2021-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 2028-06-16

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery assembly including batteries including cases forming first electrodes. The assembly further includes an electrically and thermally conductive current collector which is used to connect to second electrodes of the batteries and to a heatsink or thermal block. Advantageously, the assembly of the preferred embodiment is less complex than clamshells requiring fewer parts, and not needing a serpentine cooling system. (25179143_1):CLISH (26974792_1):CLISH 6/6 Cn C CDN C CD~ (0 C

Description

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A BATTERY ASSEMBLY TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery assembly.

BACKGROUND

[0002] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.

[0003] Battery clamshells are a type of battery assembly commonly used in electric vehicles. The clamshell includes batteries with welded tabs at top and bottom. Plastic layers are provided to hold the batteries and a serpentine cooling system runs though the clamshell.

[0004] The preferred embodiment provides a less complex battery assembly which is cost effective to produce, requiring simpler tooling, lesser assembly operations and fewer parts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery assembly including: batteries including cases forming first electrodes; and an electrically and thermally conductive current collector which is used to connect to second electrodes of the batteries and to a heatsink or thermal block.

[0006] Advantageously, the assembly of the preferred embodiment is less complex than clamshells requiring fewer parts, and not needing a serpentine cooling system.

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[0007] Preferably, the current collector includes graphene. The current collector may include polymeric material. The current collector may have a thermal conductivity more than 3000W/mK. The current collector may have an electrical conductivity of more than 100% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS).

[0008] The assembly may include a linear array of batteries. The batteries may be electrically connected in parallel. The current collector may include a sheet extending adjacent the array.

[0009] The current collector may include a support for supporting the batteries. The support may include at least one foot. The current collector may include one or more arms coupled to the second electrodes. The current collector may be adhered to the second electrodes with adhesive. The adhesive may include graphene. The current collector may be integrally formed.

[00010] The assembly may include a cooler for thermally coupling to the support. The cooling assembly may include a block or plate incorporating liquid or thermoelectric cooling.

[00011] Each case may engage or be electrically coupled with an adjacent case to form an electrical connection.

[00012] The first electrode may be a negative electrode whereas the second electrode may be a positive electrode. Each battery may include a dry cell battery.

[00013] The assembly may be used in an electric vehicle. The assembly may be used in stationary energy storage systems. The assembly may be used in manned or unmanned aircraft. The assembly may further include connection tabs to facilitate connection to a current collector.

[00014] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery block including connected battery assemblies. The battery assemblies may be electrically connected in series. The battery assemblies may be adhered together with adhesive. The adhesive may include graphene. The block may include current collectors separating rows of batteries.

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[00015] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery assembly including: a battery including a first electrode; and an electrically and thermally conductive current collector forming a second electrode of the battery. Optionally, at least one heatsink is attached to the current collector through a layer of electrically insulating thermal interface material.

[00016] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery assembly including: one or more batteries; and a heatsink which is used to sink heat from the batteries.

[00017] The heatsink may include one or more conduits for conveying fluid. The conduits may be aligned with respective batteries. The heatsink may include a receptacle for receiving the batteries. The conduits and receptacle may be integrally formed (e.g. molded). The receptacle may be an electrical insulator, although is thermally conductive. The heatsink may include a pair of electrically conductive terminals for engaging with respective electrodes of the batteries. The terminals may be embedded in the receptacle. The heasink may be a clamp.

[00018] Any of the features described herein can be combined in any combination with any one or more of the other features described herein within the scope of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[00019] Preferred features, embodiments and variations of the invention may be discerned from the following Detailed Description which provides sufficient information for those skilled in the art to perform the invention. The Detailed Description is not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the preceding Summary of the Invention in any way. The Detailed Description will make reference to a number of drawings as follows:

[00020] Figure 1 shows front and rear perspective views of an electric vehicle battery assembly;

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[00021] Figure 2 shows perspective views of battery blocks including the battery assembly of Figure 1;

[00022] Figure 3 shows an exploded side view of an electric vehicle battery pack;

[00023] Figure 4 shows a plan view of the top of a housing segment of the battery pack of Figure 3 showing the fastening means; and

[00024] Figure 5 shows the fastened segment of the battery pack of Figure 4; and

[00025] Figure 6 shows a rear perspective views of an electric vehicle battery assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[00026] There is provided an electric vehicle battery assembly 100 as shown in Figure 1. The assembly 100 includes lithium ion cylindrical cells 102 with outer cylindrical cases 104 that form negative (first) electrodes. Each case 104 may engage or be electrically coupled with a current collector 106 to form an electrical connection.

[00027] The assembly 100 further includes an electrically and thermally conductive current collector 106 interconnecting positive (second) electrodes running along the centre of the batteries 102. The heatsink 106 includes graphene and polymeric material engineered to meet or exceed the performance of copper or equivalent materials.

[00028] Advantageously, the assembly 100 is less complex than clamshells requiring fewer parts, and does not need a serpentine cooling system owing to superior thermal conductivity of the current collector 106.

[00029] The assembly 100 includes a linear array of electrically parallel batteries 102, and the positive heatsink 106 is electrically isolated from the negative cases 104. The current collector 106 is lined with an electrically insulating backing sheet 108 extending adjacent the array of batteries 102 to isolate the negative case from the current collector 106.

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[00030] The integrally formed heatsink 106 may also include a foot which extends perpendicular to the main connective surface for the purpose of attaching a cooling plate or secondary heatsink (not shown). The foot acts as the thermal bridge between the passively cooled module 100 and the actively cooled secondary heatsink which typically takes the form of an external block. The actively cooled block can be integrated into the foot. The upper end of the heatsink 106 includes arms 112 with terminals for coupling to respective positive electrodes of the batteries 102. The arms 112 may be electrically conductively adhered to the positive electrodes with adhesive including graphene.

[00031] The assembly 100 also includes a base cooler (not shown) for thermally coupling to the foot support 110. The cooler may include a block or plate incorporating liquid or thermoelectric cooling systems.

[00032] Figure 2 shows a battery block 200 including electrically inter-connected battery assemblies 100. The battery assemblies 100 are adhered together in electrical series with an electrically conductive adhesive including graphene. In this manner, the heatsink 106 of one assembly 100 is adhered to the cases 104 of the next assembly 100. The heatsinks 106 are disposed in an alternating manner and separate rows of batteries 102.

[00033] The front and rear assemblies 100 in the block 200 further include connection tabs (not shown) to facilitate connection to a current collector. The block 200 is typically overmolded with an insulator 202 leaving the connection tabs exposed.

[00034] The modular block 200 and module assembly 100 provide approximately15% energy/unit mass improvement (From 160Wh/kg to > 220Wh/kg) and approimately 25% volumetric energy density gain over known batteries. In addition, the block 200 and assembly 100 provide considerable cost saving of up to 20% when compared with known prismatic modules.

[00035] Figure 3 shows an electric vehicle battery pack 300. The battery pack 300 includes a two-dimensional array of batteries 302. A lower current collector 304a is provided for engaging with negative (first) electrodes of the batteries 302. The battery

(25179143_1):CLISH (26974792_1):CLISH pack 300 also includes an upper current collector 304b for engaging with positive (second) electrodes of the batteries 302.

[00036] As can best be seen in Figure 4, snap fastening means 400 is provided for snap fastening the current collectors 304a, 304b together in electrical connection with the batteries 302 in between. Advantageously, the battery pack 300 is assembled by snap fitting the current collectors 304 together, without the need for screws or other threaded fasteners.

[00037] Returning to Figure 3, each current collector 304 includes an inner layer 306; and an outer layer 308 adjacent the inner layer 306.

[00038] The inner layer 306 is electrically conductive and engages with the battery electrodes. The inner layer 306 is also thermally conductive. In particular, the inner layer 306 includes a polymeric base material with added graphene and metal powder such as nickel and/or copper.

[00039] The outer layer 308 is formed of non-electrically conductive material (i.e. and insulator). The outer layer 308 increases strength in the casing parts, without adding size or weight, with additives including graphene into a polymer. The outer layer 308 improves thermal dissipation away from the battery cell terminals without affecting the electrical current collection.

[00040] Turning to Figure 4, the snap fastening means 400 includes posts 402 extending between the current collectors 304. The posts 402 extend between gaps formed by adjoining batteries 302 in the array. Each post 402 includes a resilient head 404 for squeezably inserting through a hole 406 in the upper current collector 304b. The head 404 includes a tapered apex to facilitate insertion in the hole 406, and is split.so that the two head halves come together when passing through the hole 406 before separating again on the other side.

[00041] Each post 402 fixedly extends from the lower current collector 304a, and is integrally formed (i.e. molded) with the lower current collector 304a. Accordingly, the battery pack housing includes only two parts. The underside of the head 404 stops inadvertent separation of the current collectors 304. However, the snap fastening

(25179143_1):CLISH (26974792_1):CLISH means 400 is releasable whereby a tool can be used to compress the head 404 to purposively withdraw it from the hole 406. The top plate 304b can be removed without affecting the structural integrity of the top plate 304b or bottom plate 304a with the use of a separate part which when assembled to the top plate 304a squeezes the top of the "male" parts 404 to allow the top plate 304b to be removed.

[00042] The battery pack 300 combines the functions of several existing battery casing parts into one, reduces development time, reduces cost, improves performance of the battery, eliminates the necessity for weldable tabs in electric vehicle battery packs, and eliminates several assembly processes.

[00043] The battery pack 300 design provides up to 5 securing points around each battery cell, eliminates the requirement for external fasteners, allows for the reuse of parts at the end of the battery cell's life, allows for battery pack repair without damaging casing parts, eliminates several assembly processes, increases safety to for assembly staff during assembly, and increases the overall safety of the battery module 300.

[00044] A method for assembling the battery pack 300 is briefly described.

[00045] The method involves forming each like current collector 304 by joining the inner layer 306 and the outer layer 308. The inner layer 306 is formed by initially forming a solid panel, and then bonding a liquid to the solid panel which advantageously increases electrical conductivity.

[00046] The method then involves snap fastening the lower current collector 304a engaging with negative electrodes of the batteries 302 to the upper current collector 304b engaging with positive electrodes of the batteries 302 using the fastening means 400.

[00047] Figure 5 shows the assembled battery pack 300, with the grey box 500 representing the overall size of the battery pack 300.

[00048] Figure 6 shows another battery assembly 100' similar to the assembly 100 of Figure 1.

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[00049] The assembly 100' includes batteries 102 with outer cylindrical cases 104. Further, the assembly 100' includes a heatsink 106'which is used to sink heat from the batteries 102.

[00050] The heatsink 106' includes a C-shaped receptacle 600 for receiving the batteries 102, and which is away from the centre or shaft of the battery cell 102 and out closer to the cell tabs where they are hottest. The heatsink 106' further includes tubular conduits 602 extending around the outside of the C-shaped receptacle 600 and for conveying cooling fluid 604. The conduits 602 are aligned with respective batteries 102.

[00051] The conduits 602 and receptacle 600 are integrally formed, being injection molded from polymeric material which is an electrical insulator, although is thermally conductive. The conduits 602 and receptacle 600 contribute to a structurally robust heatsink 106'.

[00052] The heatsink 106' further includes a pair of electrically conductive metal terminals 604a, 604b for engaging with respective electrodes of the batteries 102 at opposite ends. The terminals 604 are press embedded in the resilient receptacle 600, and can have protrusions to facilitate engagement with respective battery electrodes. The heatsink 106' forms a clamp for clamping the batteries 102, and no screws or other fastening devices are required. This reduces the cost, complexity and number of parts.

[00053] A person skilled in the art will appreciate that many embodiments and variations can be made without departing from the ambit of the present invention.

[00054] The skilled person will understand that the battery block can be readily made to any width or depth.

[00055] The heatsink 106 can be formed to include graphene and polymeric material by injection molding, by rolling acrylic plastic or through a 3D printing process.

[00056] In one embodiment, the snap fastening means may be substituted by a slide, latch, or even thermalplast. The fastening means may include a sliding, compressive, expansive, metallic, adhesive or deformative fastener.

[00057] In one embodiment, the current collector 304 is formed to spring and lock onto a post that is not split.

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[00058] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to structural or methodical features. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect.

[00059] Reference throughout this specification to 'one embodiment' or'an embodiment' means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrases 'in one embodiment' or'in an embodiment' in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more combinations.

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Claims

The claims defining the invention are as follows:

1. A battery assembly including: one or more batteries; and a heatsink which is used to sink heat from the batteries.

2. A battery assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heatsink includes one or more conduits for conveying fluid.

3. A battery assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein the conduits are aligned with respective batteries.

4. A battery assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein heatsink includes a receptacle for receiving the batteries.

5. A battery assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein the receptacle is an electrical insulator, although is thermally conductive.

6. A battery assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heatsink includes conduits and a battery receptacle that are integrally formed.

7. A battery assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heatsink includes a pair of electrically conductive terminals for engaging with respective electrodes of the batteries.

8. A battery assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the terminals are embedded in the receptacle.

9. A battery assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heatsink is a clamp for clamping the batteries.

10. A battery assembly including: a battery including a first electrode; and an electrically and thermally conductive current collector forming a second electrode of the battery.

11. A battery assembly including:

(25179143_1):CLISH (26974792_1):CLISH one or more batteries; and a heatsink which is used to sink heat from the batteries.

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112

106 104 1/6

108 102 106 110

FIG. 1

200 2/6

100

106 104

FIG. 2

304b 308

302 3/6

304a

306

FIG. 3

304b

406

400 4/6

404

402

FIG. 4

500 5/6

FIG. 5

100' 604 2021101028 24 Feb 2021

604b 600

104

602 6/6

102

604a

106'

FIG. 6