AU2021100286A4 - Aqua life: a compact device extracting drinkable water from sea water - Google Patents
Aqua life: a compact device extracting drinkable water from sea water Download PDFInfo
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- AU2021100286A4 AU2021100286A4 AU2021100286A AU2021100286A AU2021100286A4 AU 2021100286 A4 AU2021100286 A4 AU 2021100286A4 AU 2021100286 A AU2021100286 A AU 2021100286A AU 2021100286 A AU2021100286 A AU 2021100286A AU 2021100286 A4 AU2021100286 A4 AU 2021100286A4
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- reverse osmosis
- membrane
- drinkable
- sea water
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007701 flash-distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008214 highly purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001089 mineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/002—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using small portable filters for producing potable water, e.g. personal travel or emergency equipment, survival kits, combat gear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
- B01D2313/243—Pumps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
AQUA LIFE: A COMPACT DEVICE EXTRACTING
DRINKABLE WATER FROM SEA WATER
ABSTRACT
Clean and freshwater is an indispensable ingredient for a healthy human life. The World
Health Organisation (WHO) reports that there could be probably 1.1 billion people devoid of pure
and clean water and 2.7 billion people suffer from water insufficiency at least one month a year. The
saltwater stands as a barrier for a long time with a reduction in freshwater reservoirs and is a
threat for the future survival of the human being. . In this project our aim is concentrated
towards the conversion of salt water mostly from seawater to drinkable clean water. Basically
removing the salt out of sea water is one way to provide drinkable water in parts of the world
where supplies are limited. However, the problem associated with this technology suffers
from huge expenses and abundant amount of energy is necessary. Hence most of the
processes make use of the pressure energy referred to as Reverse osmosis. This device is
comprised of a hydraulic system, triple pre-filtration process, and a small reverse osmosis
membrane to desalt seawater into freshwater with the help of human power to draw water
through a silicone tube. Here, various categories of membrane processes like reverse
osmosis, electro dialysis and membrane distillation methods have been highlighted and
reverse osmosis is utilised to extract drinkable water from sea water.
1
Fig 3: The compact device
Fig 4: special type of filtration membrane
2
Description
Fig 3: The compact device
Fig 4: special type of filtration membrane
AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990
The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:
Water is very essential for all living beings and almost 70% of the earth's surface has been covered by water. Despite the major part with water still there has been a severe drinking water scarcity in most of the countries across the globe. Although it does not provide any calories of energy, the safe drinking water is important and precious for all forms of life. In this situation it is only the seawater that seems as a solution to this problem. This study mainly concentrates ongoing and the upcoming trends in modem desalination technologies and emphasizing the options offered by them. In Desalination technique the superfluous salts are removed from seawater transforming it into safe potable or drinking water. Desalination methods are classified into thermal processes and membrane processes. We discuss different thermal processes like multistage flash distillation, multiple effect distillation, vapor compression evaporation, cogeneration and solar water desalination. This technology is realized to be more energy efficient than the present desalination practices, including reverse osmosis. According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), water scarcity will be a key issue for the future generation. Although thermal desalination process through a mix of evaporation method and solar energy is mostly used for producing drinking water, it demands s high energy.
Working Process:
The device features a hydraulic system that can build pressure up to 60 bars, removing salts from seawater through a reverse osmosis membrane.
When the cylinder has moved into position and pump pressure has been established inside the cylinder, the intensifier automatically increases the pressure to the required end pressure. As the cylinder now is filled saline water, the pressure increase is done swiftly, typically within a few seconds.
Hydraulic pressure intensifiers, sometimes referred to as hydraulic pressure boosters, generate a higher pressure from a low-pressure hydraulic power source. They always work powered by a pump, which is operating at a set pressure and from this the intensifier simply generates a higher output pressure. They are most commonly used in hydraulic power packs but originally had their beginnings in the work holding industry for use with CNC machines.
These devices are based on a differential piston principle, where a larger diameter piston pushes a smaller diameter piston, thus increasing the pressure to a factor equal to the ratio: Larger diameter area divided by smaller diameter area. The outlet pressure will always be proportional to the supplied pressure. The movement of the intensifier pistons is controlled by internal valves, and the piston speed can be as high as 20 Hz when increasing the pressure. At this point the intensifier continuously delivers flow to the high-pressure side. When the end pressure is reached, the piston movement stops. In case of a pressure drop on the high-pressure side, the intensifier will automatically start working to maintain the pressure.
The in-built ultra filtration and microfiltration system remove suspended solids, pathogens, parasites and micro plastics. Then, through the process of adsorption, an advanced activated carbon filter ensures that the taste of water is palatable and the odor is pleasant. The reserve osmosis process is the one in charge of de mineralizing the water where the osmosis membrane rejects larger molecules such as dissolved salts and other impurities such as pathogens to produce highly purified water for drinking.
Desalination:
Desalination is the process of obtaining fresh water from either seawater (30-44 grams of salt per liter) or brackish water from estuaries (less salty). These sources are inexhaustible - they account for nearly 98% of the Earth's available water - but desalination is expensive and requires much more energy than wastewater, surface water or groundwater treatment.
There are three principal methods of seawater desalination. Sometimes they are used in combination with one another.
• Thermal Desalination • Electro dialysis • Reverse Osmosis
Thermal Desalination:
Thermal distillation is the oldest and simplest method. Seawater that has been drawn from the sea or ocean is filtered to remove the larger impurities. It is then heated to produce vapor in a vessel that collects the salts. The vapor is subsequently condensed and converted to a mineral free liquid.
The two major thermal processes which are employed in large scale desalination plants are MSF (multi-stage flash) and MED-TVC (multi-effect distillation coupled with thermal vapor compression). This chapter provides a brief description of these processes, their performances and challenges. The operational and design developments which have been associated with the thermal desalination processes are explained. Salient features of conventional power water cogeneration cycles in which the MSF/MED-TVC distillation plant operates are highlighted.
Electro dialysis:
Electro dialysis is a membrane-based process that uses an electric field to filter out the salt. It uses very little energy but is limited to the treatment of low-salinity water.
Electro dialysis is a process for the separation of electrolyte from a solvent, typically water. The process is widely used in the Desalination of water and process solutions. It uses a direct electrical current to transport ions through sheets of ion-exchanger membranes and is operated in a unit with at least three compartments. The terminal compartments house an anode and a cathode, between which a potential difference is applied to drive the ions through the electrolyte solutions and the membranes.
What is Reverse Osmosis?
Reverse osmosis is the process in which pressure is applied to overcome colligative property and osmotic pressure that is directed by a thermodynamic parameter and a chemical difference of a solvent.
This application is mainly applied in the production of potable water in water plants and industries. The result will be the solute. It happens when the pure solvent is allowed to follow to one end of the membrane thus allowing a solute to retain in a permissible side of a membrane. Reverse osmosis removes suspended and types of dissolved species from water including bacteria.
Principle:
Reverse osmosis works by reversing the principle of osmosis. The salt solution is subjected to pressure and pressed against the semi-permeable membrane. Here, the applied pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure. Thus, the molecules move from a highly concentrated solution to a less concentrated solution.
Working of Reverse Osmosis:
Diffusion is a process by which the molecules move from the region of higher concentration to lower concentration. There is a net movement meaning more molecules moving in one direction than in the opposite direction. In osmosis, the water molecules and the concentration gradient occur over the semi-permeable membrane which allows the entry of water and blocks the passage of ions and other larger molecules including sodium, chlorine, bacteria, glucose, etc. Reverse osmosis is the process or the technology which is used to remove ions, mineral chemicals, and other impurities from drinking water. In this process, greater pressure is applied, forcing the water to travel through the semi-permeable membrane in opposite to natural osmosis. Reverse Osmosis works on the same principle as osmosis, but in the reverse direction. In this process direction of water flow is reversed by applying greater pressure.
Reverse osmosis phenomenon can be realized by gaining knowledge about Osmosis. Osmosis is a phenomenon where pure water flows from a dilute solution of lower to a higher concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane. Semi permeable reveals that the membrane will permit tiny molecules and ions to pass through it but acts as an obstacle to larger molecules or dissolved substances. For instance, if a semi permeable membrane is placed between two compartment in a tank and the membrane is permeable to water, but not to salt. If we place a salt solution in one compartment and pure water solution in the other one, the system will try to reach equilibrium attaining the same concentration on both sides of the membrane. The only way to do this is for water to pass from the pure water compartment to the saltwater compartment.
As water passes through the membrane to the salt solution, the level of liquid in the saltwater compartment will go up until sufficient pressure, caused by the difference in levels between the two compartments, is generated to stop the osmosis. This pressure, equivalent to a force that the osmosis seems to exert in trying to equalize concentrations on both sides of the membrane, is called osmotic pressure.
Reverse Osmosis
In case the pressure developed is greater than the osmotic pressure is applied to the high concentration the direction of water flow through the membrane could be reversed. This is called reverse osmosis (abbreviated RO). It is worthy to note that this reversed flow produces pure water from the salt solution, since the membrane is not permeable to salt.
Working of Reverse Osmosis
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion in which the molecules are water and the concentration gradient occurs across a semi-permeable membrane. The semi-permeable membrane allows the passage of water, but not ions (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, Cl-) or larger molecules (e.g., glucose, urea, bacteria). Diffusion and osmosis are thermodynamically favorable and will continue until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis can be slowed, stopped, or even reversed if sufficient pressure is applied to the membrane from the 'concentrated' side of the membrane.
Reverse osmosis takes place when the water is moved across the membrane against the concentration gradient, from lower concentration to higher concentration. For illustration, let's take a semi permeable membrane with fresh water on one side and a concentrated aqueous solution on the other side. If normal osmosis takes place, the fresh water will cross the membrane to dilute the concentrated solution. In reverse osmosis, pressure is exerted on the side with the concentrated solution to force the water molecules across the membrane to the fresh water side.
Claims (5)
1. The proposed innovation Aqua Life is a compact device which extracting drinkable water from sea water
2. Reverse osmosis is utilised to extract drinkable water from sea water.
3. A semi-permeable membrane is fitted among the dilute solution and concentrated solution of reverse osmosis mechanism
4. A hand pump with hydraulic system engaged to lift sea water.
5. Inlet and outlet pipes are fitted for suction and delivery of this innovation.
Working of Reverse Osmosis: 2021100286
Reverse Osmosis Desalination:
Reverse osmosis is a special type of filtration that uses a semi-permeable, porous membrane that allows only pure water to pass through it filtering the larger molecules or impurities.
Fig 3: The compact device
Fig 4: special type of filtration membrane
REVERSE OSMOSIS BASICS
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021100286A AU2021100286A4 (en) | 2021-01-17 | 2021-01-17 | Aqua life: a compact device extracting drinkable water from sea water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021100286A AU2021100286A4 (en) | 2021-01-17 | 2021-01-17 | Aqua life: a compact device extracting drinkable water from sea water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2021100286A4 true AU2021100286A4 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
Family
ID=75502245
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021100286A Ceased AU2021100286A4 (en) | 2021-01-17 | 2021-01-17 | Aqua life: a compact device extracting drinkable water from sea water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2021100286A4 (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-01-17 AU AU2021100286A patent/AU2021100286A4/en not_active Ceased
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGI | Letters patent sealed or granted (innovation patent) | ||
| MK22 | Patent ceased section 143a(d), or expired - non payment of renewal fee or expiry |