AU2020364771A1

AU2020364771A1 - Cardboard material, cardboard box using same, box making material, box making article, and joining method

Info

Publication number: AU2020364771A1
Application number: AU2020364771A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Go BANZASHI; Yusei KAWANAMI; Yoshiki KOSEKI; Shohei Sanada; So Sato; Shunsuke Shioda; Jun SHIONO; Yusaku TAKASUGI; Takamichi Yamaguchi
Original assignee: Oji Holdings Corp
Current assignee: Oji Holdings Corp
Priority date: 2019-10-11
Filing date: 2020-10-09
Publication date: 2022-04-21
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-09
Also published as: AU2020364771B2; WO2021070966A1; MY195246A

Abstract

A cardboard material (1) in which: rectangular sheets (2) of continuous double-sided cardboard are folded back in a second direction MD at folds F that extend in a straight line along a first direction CD; and the sheets (2) are stacked in a third direction TD. The folds of the cardboard material (1) have OK folds of a shape such that the sheet is folded back across only one ridge among a plurality of ridges forming the corrugations of the cardboard.

Description

DESCRIPTION TITLE OF THE INVENTION: CORRUGATED FIBERBOARD MATERIAL AND CORRUGATED FIBERBOARD BOX USING THE SAME, AND BOX MANUFACTURING MATERIAL, BOX MANUFACTURING GOODS, AND JOINING METHOD TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to an accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard

material and a corrugated fiberboard box using the same, as well as to a box

manufacturing material, box manufacturing goods, and a joining method.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] An accordion-folded (also called "fan-folded") corrugated fiberboard

material is known as a box manufacturing material. In the corrugated fiberboard

material, fold lines are provided between continuous rectangular sheets and the sheets are

alternately folded back at these fold lines. With the continuous sheets stacked on top of

one another, such an accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material is folded up into a

rectangular parallelepiped load form.

[0003] The corrugated fiberboard material is used as a packaging material in a

box manufacturing system (also called an "automatic packaging system," "three-side

adjustable system," "three-side automatic packaging," "on-demand packaging," etc.) that

manufactures boxes of an optimal size according to an object to be packaged. In the

box manufacturing system, the following three processes are performed:

- Feeding process: a process of spreading out an accordion-folded corrugated

fiberboard material

- Cutting process: a process of cutting out the flat corrugated fiberboard material

spread out in the feeding process

- Folding process: a process of building a box from the corrugated fiberboard

material cut out in the cutting step

- Printing process: a process of printing on the corrugated fiberboard material that

has a flat shape or has been built

- Packing process: a process of housing a content into a box being built

[0004] There is a proposed technology in which a corrugated fiberboard material

used in a box manufacturing system is charged into the box manufacturing system in a

state of being placed on a pallet, and sheets are sent out sequentially from an upper side

of the corrugated fiberboard material onto a path of the box manufacturing system (see

Patent Literature 2).

In this box manufacturing system, securing a larger continuous dimension of the

sheets in the corrugated fiberboard material can further relieve work such as the work of

charging the corrugated fiberboard material into the box manufacturing system and the

work of disposing the corrugated fiberboard material along a sheet feeding path of the

box manufacturing system (so-called "paper passing"), thereby contributing to improving

the operating rate of the box manufacturing system.

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

[0005] Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application (Translation

of PCT Application) No. 2013-513869

Patent Literature 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application (Translation of PCT

Application) No. 2019-520238

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Technical Problems

[0006] However, accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard materials sometimes

develop a "sag" that is a vertical depression at a central portion on an upper side of the

rectangular parallelepiped load form. The sheets may bend at an area where the sag has

occurred. Further, when the accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material is used as

a material for a box manufacturing system, depending on the state of the sag having

occurred in the corrugated fiberboard material, the sheets may fail to be appropriately

spread out from the corrugated fiberboard material, which impairs the sheet feeding

stability (feedability).

When an accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material is used as a material for a

box manufacturing system, depending on the properties adopted for the corrugated

fiberboard material, the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material in the box

manufacturing system can be impaired or the feedability thereof can be impaired.

Moreover, depending on the properties of the sheets adopted for the

accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material, the transferability of the corrugated

fiberboard material to the box manufacturing system can be impaired.

The technology of Patent Literature 2 described above merely shows a single box

manufacturing material as a corrugated fiberboard material used in a box manufacturing

system, and the sheets to be fed to the box manufacturing system are restricted to those

having a continuous dimension in the single box manufacturing material. Thus, there is

room for improvement in terms of securing a continuous dimension of the box

manufacturing material.

[0007] The subject matters have been invented in view of the above problems,

and a first object thereof is to reduce sagging. A second object is to reduce sagging and

secure feedability at the same time. A third object is to improve the transferability of a

corrugated fiberboard material in a box manufacturing system. A fourth object is to

improve both the transferability and the feedability of a corrugated fiberboard material in

a box manufacturing system. A fifth object is to improve the transferability of a corrugated fiberboard material to a box manufacturing system. A sixth object is to secure a continuous dimension of a box manufacturing material. The objects are not limited to these, and producing workings and effects that are derived from configurations shown in "MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION" to be described later and that cannot be obtained by conventional technologies can also be deemed as other objects of the subject matters.

Solution to Problems

[0008] (1) A corrugated fiberboard material disclosed herein is an

accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material formed by a continuous corrugated

fiberboard in which rectangular sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending

straight along a first direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal to the first

direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked along a third

direction that is a direction orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction

and along a vertical direction.

The fold lines have an OK fold line of a shape resulting from the sheet being folded

back so as to straddle only one of a plurality of ridges forming waves of the corrugated

fiberboard.

[0009] (2) A corrugated fiberboard material disclosed herein is an

and along a vertical direction.

The plurality of fold lines includes a fold line of a first shape that is a shape resulting

from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle only one of a plurality of ridges

forming waves of the corrugated fiberboard, and a fold line of a second shape that is a shape resulting from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle two or more of the ridges. A ratio of the fold lines of the second shape among all the fold lines is 0.5[] or higher and 13 [%] or lower.

[0010] (3) A corrugated fiberboard material disclosed herein is an

accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material formed by a continuous single-wall

corrugated fiberboard in which rectangular sheets are folded back at each of fold lines

extending straight along a first direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal to

the first direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked

along a third direction that is orthogonal to both the first direction and the second

direction.

In this corrugated fiberboard material, a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC

T0005:2000 in a direction corresponding to the second direction when the sheets that are

not continuous with each other are stacked such that front linerboards of the sheets

contact each other is 17 [°] or larger and 30 [°] or smaller.

A slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction

corresponding to the second direction when the sheets that are not continuous with each

other are stacked such that back linerboards of the sheets contact each other is 17 [°] or

larger and 30 [] or smaller.

[0011] (4) A corrugated fiberboard material disclosed herein is an

direction.

In this corrugated fiberboard material, arithmetic average surface roughness Sa in

accordance with IS025178 of each of a front linerboard and a back linerboard

constituting parts of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0

[pm] or lower.

[0012] (5) A corrugated fiberboard material disclosed herein is an accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material formed by a continuous single-wall

direction.

accordance with IS025178 of each of a front linerboard and a back linerboard

[pm] or lower. A ratio of the roughness Sa of the back linerboard relative to the roughness Sa of the front linerboard is 1.5 or higher and 3.0 or lower.

[0013] (6) A box manufacturing material disclosed herein is an accordion-folded

box manufacturing material formed by a continuous paper material in which rectangular

sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along a first direction

toward a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane along which

the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked on top of one another.

The box manufacturing material includes a sheet-shaped joint part that is provided

as an add-on to a lower sheet forming a bottom surface on a lower side among the sheets,

and that is extended from an end edge of the lower sheet located on a side in the second

direction at which the sheet other than the lower sheet is not connected.

[0014] (7) Box manufacturing goods disclosed herein include the box

manufacturing material according to (6) and a pallet on which the box manufacturing

material is placed.

[0015] (8) Box manufacturing goods disclosed herein include: an

accordion-folded box manufacturing material formed by a continuous paper material in

which rectangular sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along a first direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked on top of one another; and a pallet on which the box manufacturing material is placed on an upper side. The pallet includes a recess that forms a space communicating with an outside under an end edge of a lower sheet located on a side in the second direction at which the sheet other than the lower sheet is not connected, the lower sheet forming a bottom surface of the box manufacturing material on a lower side among the sheets.

[0016] (9) A joining method disclosed herein is a joining method of joining

together a first box manufacturing material and a second box manufacturing material that

are at least two box manufacturing materials each formed by a continuous paper material

in which rectangular sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along

a first direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a

plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked on top of one another so as

to be accordion-folded.

The joining method includes: a pre-step of preparing the first box manufacturing

material and the second box manufacturing material; an intermediate step of moving an

upper sheet that forms an upper surface among the sheets in the second box

manufacturing material to a position at which the upper sheet is joined to a lower sheet

that forms a bottom surface on a lower side among the sheets in the first box

manufacturing material; and a post-step of joining the upper sheet to the lower sheet.

[0017] (10) A corrugated fiberboard box disclosed herein uses the corrugated

fiberboard material according to (1) or (2).

Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0018] According to the subject matter described in (1), sagging at a central

portion of the corrugated fiberboard material can be reduced.

According to the subject matter described in (2), sagging occurring at the central

portion of the corrugated fiberboard material can be reduced, and the feedability of the corrugated fiberboard material in a box manufacturing system can be secured at the same time.

According to the subject matters described in (3) and (4), the transferability of the

corrugated fiberboard material in a box manufacturing system can be improved.

According to the subject matter described in (5), both the transferability and the feedability of the corrugated fiberboard material in a box manufacturing system can be

improved.

According to the subject matters described in (6) to (9), one box manufacturing

material can be joined to another box manufacturing material and thereby a continuous

dimension of the box manufacturing material can be secured.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] [FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an accordion-folded

corrugated fiberboard material.

[FIG. 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating Configuration A.

[FIG. 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating Configurations B to D.

[FIG. 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating Configuration E.

[FIG. 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating Configuration F.

[FIG. 6] FIGS. 6 (a) and (b) are schematic views illustrating a shape of an

OK fold line in relation to Configuration F.

[FIG. 7] FIGS. 7 (a) and (b) are schematic views illustrating a shape of an

NG fold line in relation to Configuration F.

[FIG. 8] FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a sag at a central portion in

relation to Configuration F.

[FIG. 9] FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing one example of fluting in a

sheet used for the accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material.

[FIG. 10] FIG. 10 is an illustration illustrating the corrugated fiberboard material applied to a box manufacturing system.

[FIG. 11] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing box manufacturing goods of

a first specific example.

[FIG. 12] FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view showing the box

manufacturing goods of the first specific example.

[FIG. 13] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing box manufacturing goods of

a second specific example.

[FIG. 14] FIG. 14 is an illustration illustrating a procedure of preparing the

box manufacturing goods of the second specific example.

[FIG. 15] FIG. 15 is an illustration illustrating the procedure of preparing the

box manufacturing goods of the second specific example.

[FIG. 16] FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing box manufacturing goods of

a third specific example.

[FIG. 17] FIG. 17 is an illustration of a pallet of the third specific example as

seen from above.

[FIG. 18] FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the

pallet of the third specific example.

MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0020] Corrugated fiberboard materials and corrugated fiberboard boxes as

embodiments will be described below.

The corrugated fiberboard material of each embodiment is an accordion-folded box

manufacturing material formed by a continuous corrugated fiberboard in which

rectangular sheets are folded up. As the corrugated fiberboard material, for example, a

single-wall corrugated fiberboard in which linerboards are provided on both sides of a

corrugating medium is used.

[0021] Examples of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard include a single-flute corrugated fiberboard that is composed of three containerboards (materials) corresponding respectively to one corrugating medium and two linerboards, as well as a multi-flute corrugated fiberboard that is composed of five or more containerboards corresponding respectively to three or more corrugating media (including one or more center linerboard) and two linerboards, such as a so-called "double-wall corrugated fiberboard" and "triple-wall corrugated fiberboard." In each embodiment, a corrugated fiberboard material formed by a single-flute single-wall corrugated fiberboard will be mainly shown as an example.

[0022] When manufactured into a box, the corrugated fiberboard material forms a

corrugated fiberboard box. Specifically, the corrugated fiberboard material used as a

box manufacturing material in a box manufacturing system is manufactured into a

corrugated fiberboard box through various processes including a feeding process in

which the sheets are sequentially sent out, a cutting process in which the sheets sent out

are cut into a development pattern of a box, and a folding process in which the sheets are

folded and erected into a box form. While the box manufacturing system that builds a

corrugated fiberboard box is not particularly limited, for example, automatic packaging

systems "CartonWrap 1000 manufactured by CMC Machinery," "CVP-500 manufactured

by Neopost," and "TXP-600 manufactured by OS Machinery" that are fully automatic

systems (fully automatic machines), and "EM7 manufactured by Packsize," "Compack

manufactured by Panotec," "PAQTEQ C-200 manufactured by HOMAG," and "PAQTEQ

C-250 manufactured by HOMAG" that are semi-automatic systems (semi-automatic

machines) performing from the feeding process to the cutting process can be used.

[0023] In each embodiment, an example in which the following directions I and II

correspond to each other as shown in Table 1 below will be presented, and the corrugated

fiberboard material is assumed to be placed in a horizontal plane.

- Directions I: directions in the corrugated fiberboard material placed in the

horizontal plane

- Directions II: directions in a semi-finished product in the middle of manufacturing of a corrugated fiberboard material or a corrugated fiberboard box

[0024] [Table 1] Direction I Direction II Longitudinal direction CD direction Lateral direction MD direction Height direction TD direction

[0025] The longitudinal direction (a first direction, indicated as "CD" in the

drawings) and the lateral direction (a second direction, indicated as "MD" in the

drawings) are directions along a horizontal direction and an extension direction of a plane

along which the sheets (fold lines) lie. These longitudinal direction and lateral

directions are orthogonal to each other. The height direction (a third direction, indicated

as "TD" in the drawings) is a direction along a vertical direction and orthogonal to both

the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction. The height direction corresponds to a

direction in which the sheets are laid on top of one another (an up-down direction in a

third embodiment).

[0026] The MD (Machine Direction) direction is also called a "flow direction"

and is a direction in which the manufacturing process of the corrugated fiberboard

material progresses from upstream to downstream. The CD (Cross Direction) direction

is a direction orthogonal to the MD direction in a plane along which the MD direction is

oriented. The TD (Transverse Direction) direction is a direction orthogonal to both the

MD direction and the CD direction.

In addition, unless otherwise noted, an expression "a numerical value X to a

numerical value Y" in the embodiments means a range of the numerical value X or larger

and the numerical value Y or smaller.

[0027] [I-A. First Embodiment]

In the following first embodiment, the configuration of a corrugated fiberboard

material according to the first embodiment will be described in Items [1] and [2]. In

Item [1], a structure of the corrugated fiberboard material having been folded up

(hereinafter referred to as a "folded-up structure") will be described. In Item [2], parameters relating to folding up of the corrugated fiberboard material will be described.

Workings and effects produced by the configurations of Items [1] and [2] will be

described in Item [3].

[0028] [1. Folded-up Structure]

As shown in FIG. 1, a corrugated fiberboard material 1 is a box manufacturing

material having a rectangular parallelepiped form.

In the corrugated fiberboard material 1, continuous rectangular sheets 2 (in FIG. 1,

only some are denoted by the reference sign) are folded back at fold lines F (in FIG. 1,

only some are denoted by the reference sign) and the sheets 2 folded back are stacked in

the height direction.

In the corrugated fiberboard material 1 thus folded up, the fold lines F extend

straight along the longitudinal direction in a pair of side surfaces that extends along both

the longitudinal direction and the height direction.

[0029] Here, the folded-up structure of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 will

be described by looking at three continuous sheets 2 (represented by the long dashed

double-short dashed lines in FIG. 1).

- First sheet 21: a sheet 2 continuous with one side of a second sheet 22

- Second sheet 22: a sheet 2 continuous with both the first sheet 21 and a third sheet

23

- Third sheet 23: a sheet 2 continuous with the other side of the second sheet 22

[0030] A first fold line F1 is provided between the first sheet 21 and the second

sheet 22 and the sheets 21, 22 are continuous with each other through the first fold line

F1. A second fold line F2 is provided between the second sheet 22 and the third sheet

23 and the sheets 22, 23 are continuous with each other through the second fold line F2.

The first fold line F1 is a fold line F at which the second sheet 22 is folded back

toward one side in the lateral direction (the right side in FIG. 1) relatively to the first

sheet 21, and which is disposed on the other side in the lateral direction (the left side in

FIG. 1) in the corrugated fiberboard material 1. The second fold line F2 is a fold line F

at which the third sheet 23 is folded back toward the other side in the lateral direction (the left side in FIG. 1) relatively to the second sheet 22, and which is disposed on the one side in the lateral direction (the right side in FIG. 1) in the corrugatedfiberboard material

1.

[0031] In the first sheet 21, waves 10 of the corrugated fiberboard are exposed at

first end edges El (in FIG. 1, only the end edge on the near side is denoted by the

reference sign) extending in the lateral direction (the direction intersecting the fold line F).

Similarly, in the second sheet 22, waves 10 of the corrugated fiberboard are exposed at

second end edges E2 (in FIG. 1, only the end edge on the near side is denoted by the

reference sign) extending in the lateral direction (the direction intersecting the fold line

F).

In a sheet pair 20 formed by the first sheet 21 and the second sheet 22, the first end

edge El and the second end edge E2 are disposed adjacent to each other in the height

direction.

[0032] According to the corrugated fiberboard material 1 having this folded-up

structure, even a material that is difficult to wind into a roll can be folded up into a

rectangular parallelepiped form. Thus, the sheets 2 of the corrugated fiberboard having

higher strength than a material that can be wound into a roll can be rendered into a

compact load form. The corrugated fiberboard material 1 in which the sheets 2

provided with strength are thus folded up is suitably used as a packaging material in a

box manufacturing system that manufactures boxes required to have strength.

[0033] In addition, the fold lines F are provided along the waves 10 of the

corrugated fiberboard. In other words, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 having the

waves 10 oriented perpendicularly to the MD direction is manufactured.

It is preferable that the corrugated fiberboard material 1 be covered (wrapped) in a

wrapping film to prevent contamination and load collapsing.

[0034] [2. Parameters]

In the following, parameters of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 will be

described.

First, basic parameters such as the size of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and

the thickness dimension of the sheets 2 will be described. Thereafter, parameters

relating to folding up of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 will be described in detail.

[0035] [2-1. Basic Parameters]

<Size>

The size of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is determined by the following

dimensions Li to L3:

- Longitudinal dimension L: a dimension in the longitudinal direction (a first

dimension)

- Lateral dimension L2: a dimension in the lateral direction (a second dimension)

- Height dimension L3: a dimension in the height direction (a third dimension)

The smaller these dimensions Li to L3 are, the further the box to be manufactured

may be restricted in size and shape, and the larger they are, the further the efficiency of

work such as transportation and delivery may decrease. From these viewpoints, it is

preferable that the dimensions Li to L3 be within the ranges shown in Table 2 below.

[0036] [Table 2] Preferable range More preferable range Longitudinal dimension Li 500-2500 [mm] 700-2000 [mm] Lateral dimension L2 400-2500 [mm] 1000-2200 [mm] Height dimension L3 700-2500 [mm] 1200-2200 [mm]

[0037] <Thickness Dimension>

For the sheets 2 in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 according to the first

embodiment, the thickness dimensions of various standards can be adopted, such as A

flute with a thickness dimension of 5 [mm], B flute with a thickness dimension of 3 [mm],

C flute with a thickness dimension of 4 [mm], E flute with a thickness dimension of 1.5

[mm], and double flute combining two arbitrary types of flutes (with a thickness

dimension of 6 to 10 [mm]), and a thickness dimension that is not standardized may also

be adopted.

[0038] As the thickness dimension increases, cushioning properties tend to

improve, while the sheets 2 also tend to be easily crushed depending on their strength.

With these tendencies taken into account, the thickness dimension used for the sheets 2 of

the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is preferably 1 [mm] to 10 [mm] and more

preferably 1.5 [mm] to 8 [mm].

[0039] <Others>

When the number of the fold lines F in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is

represented by N [lines], the number of the sheets 2 is N + 1 [sheets]. In this case, N + 1

[layers] sheets 2 are laid on top of one another in the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

To go into more details, the height dimension of one layer corresponding to one

sheet 2 can be calculated by dividing the height dimension L3 of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 by N + 1, the number of layers of the sheets 2. The height

dimension of one layer thus calculated corresponds to the thickness direction of the sheet

2 in the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

[0040] Examples of the number of layers in the corrugated fiberboard material 1

include various numbers of layers, for example, 10 to 1000 [layers]. As for a corrugated

fiberboard material of which the parameters relating to folding up are to be measured as

will be described in detail later, it is preferable that the parameters be measured in each of

all the layers when the measurement target has a number of layers that is smaller than a

predetermined number of layers (e.g., 100 [layers]), On the other hand, when the

measurement target has a number of layers equal to or larger than the predetermined

number of layers (e.g., 100 [layers]), the parameters are measured in some layers (e.g., at

a divided part or in a set region).

[0041] From the relationship between the height dimension L3 and the number of

layers as described above, a preferable range set for the number N of the fold lines F in

the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be calculated. Specifically, a range of values

each obtained by subtracting "1" from a value obtained by dividing the height dimension

L3 within the preferable range by the thickness dimension of the sheet 2 can be

approximated as a preferable range set for the number N of the fold lines F.

[0042] An arbitrary basis weight can be set for the sheets 2 used in the corrugated fiberboard material 1. A range of the basis weight adopted for the sheets 2 can be a range of 50 to 1500 [g/m2], preferably a range of 100 to 1000 [g/m2], more preferably a range of 200 to 800 [g/m2], and further preferably a range of 200 to 600 [g/m2].

The weight of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is calculated by factoring in a

take-up factor of a corrugation medium in the basis weight and multiplying the

longitudinal dimension L and the lateral dimension L2 by N + 1, the number of layers of

the sheets 2.

[0043] [2-2. Parameters Relating to Folding Up]

The corrugated fiberboard material 1 of the first embodiment includes a

predetermined configuration relating to folding up of the sheets 2 based on at least one of

Viewpoints I to VIII listed below:

- Viewpoint I: to secure an external appearance (a visual quality) of the

manufactured box

- Viewpoint II: to secure the strength of the manufactured box

- Viewpoint III: to secure the feedability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 to

be manufactured into a box

- Viewpoint IV: to reduce damage to the wrapping film

- Viewpoint V: to improve the safety for persons handling the corrugated fiberboard

material 1

- Viewpoint VI: to secure the stability of the corrugated fiberboard 1 as placed

- Viewpoint VII: to secure the accuracy of the manufactured box

- Viewpoint VIII: to reduce the sagging of the corrugated fiberboard material 1

[0044] These Viewpoints I to VIII are viewpoints for solving the following

Problems I to VIII denoted by the same ordinal numbers I to VIII:

- Problem I: that the manufactured box has a poor external appearance

- Problem II: that the manufactured box has insufficient strength

- Problem III: that the corrugated fiberboard material to be manufactured into a box

has low feedability

- Problem IV: that the wrapping film gets damaged

- Problem V: that there is room for improvement on the safety for persons handling

the corrugated fiberboard material 1

- Problem VI: that the corrugated fiberboard material 1 as placed is unstable

- Problem VII: that the manufactured box has low accuracy

- Problem VIII: that there is room for improvement in terms of reducing the sagging

of the corrugated fiberboard material 1

[0045] It can be said that Problems I and II are problems that are attributable to

the corrugated fiberboard material 1 being folded and erected at locations other than

scores and creases for box manufacturing while being built into a box. It can be said

that Viewpoints I and II are viewpoints based on securing the box manufacturability to

solve these Problems I and II.

It can be said that Problem III is a problem that the sheet feeding stability is low due

to the sheets 2 failing to be appropriately spread out from the corrugated fiberboard

material 1. It can be said that Viewpoint III is a viewpoint based on securing the sheet

feeding stability to solve this Problem III.

It can be said that Problem IV is a problem that the film wrapping the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 may tear. It can be said that Viewpoint IV is a viewpoint based on

reducing the tearing of the film to solve this Problem IV

[0046] It can be said that Problem VI is a problem that when the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 is transferred to be used in the box manufacturing system, the

transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1, such as the shape retainability and

the stability, may be reduced. It can be said that Viewpoint VI is a viewpoint based on

securing the transferability to solve this Problem VI.

Further, it can be said that Problem VI is a problem that when an operating machine

or other materials collide with the corrugated fiberboard material 1 in a stationary state,

the standing steadiness of the corrugated fiberboard material 1, such as the shape

retainability and the stability, may be reduced. It can be said that Viewpoint VI is a viewpoint based on securing the standing steadiness to solve this Problem VI.

It can be said that Problem VIII is a problem that the sheet may bend or curve due to

sagging of the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

[0047] Predetermined configurations specified from the above Viewpoints I to

VIII include at least one of Configurations A to F' shown below:

- Configuration A: that a ratio of the fold lines F in a predetermined failure state is

equal to or lower than a predetermined ratio

- Configuration B: that variation in the position of the fold lines F as seen from the

longitudinal direction is within a predetermined positional range

- Configuration C: that an overlap dimension is within a predetermined thickness

factor range relative to a reference dimension - Configuration D: that an interval between the fold lines F is within a

predetermined distance factor range relative to a reference dimension

- Configuration E: that the end edges El, E2 of the sheet pair 20 have a predetermined orientation relatively to each other

- Configuration F: that a ratio of the fold lines F of a predetermined shape is within a

predetermined first ratio range

- Configuration F': that a ratio of the fold lines F of a predetermined shape is within

a second predetermined ratio range

[0048] <Configuration A>

As described above, Configuration A is "that a ratio of the fold lines F in a

predetermined failure state is equal to or lower than a predetermined ratio."

"The fold lines F in a failure state" of Configuration A include a state where there is

a void between the sheets 2 around the fold line F.

[0049] For example, as shown on the lower side in FIG. 2, in a state where a bend

FA other than the set fold line F has occurred, the sheets 2, which are supposed to be

folded into two at the fold line F, are in a state of being folded at a location other than the

fold line F or having two folded parts (so to speak, "being folded into three"). In such a state, the sheets 2, which, if in a good state, would extend flat as shown on the upper side in FIG. 2, bend at the bend FA and thus a void S (a so-called "eye") can form between the first sheet 21 and the second sheet 22 of the sheet pair 20.

The "void S" here is a void present 15 [mm] inward from a folded end portion of the

corrugated fiberboard material 1, and a void included in "the fold lines F in a failure

state" refers to a void of which the area (side area) is 25 [mm 2] or larger.

In addition, "the fold lines F in a failure state" of Configuration A may include a

state where the fold line F is damaged.

[0050] Examples of states where the fold line F is damaged include the following

states 1A and IB:

- State 1A: a state where there is an abraded or crushed part in the fold line F

- State 2A: a state where the fold line F is torn

[0051] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problems I and II tend to be mitigated when the ratio of the fold lines F in the failure state

among all the fold lines F is lower than the predetermined ratio. To put it the other way

around, we have found that Problems I and II tend to arise when the ratio of the fold lines

F in the failure state among all the fold lines F is higher than the predetermined ratio.

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration A based on the

above Viewpoints I and II. In addition, from a finding that the above Problem III also

tends to be mitigated by Configuration A, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes

Configuration A based on Viewpoint III.

[0052] The "predetermined ratio" of Configuration A is a percentage of a number

n of the fold lines F in the failure state relative to the total number N of the fold lines F,

and may be called a failure rate or a defect rate of the fold lines F.

From the above Viewpoints I and II or Viewpoint III, the predetermined ratio is 10

[%], preferably 8.0 [%], and more preferably 2.0 [%].

[0053] <Configuration B>

As described above, Configuration B is "that variation in the position of the fold lines F as seen from the longitudinal direction is within a predetermined positional range."

"The position of the fold lines F" of Configuration B is the position in the lateral

direction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the "variation in the position of the fold lines F" is

variation in a dimension BL by which the fold line F is separated from a reference

position BS in the lateral direction (hereinafter referred to as a "separation dimension").

The "variation in the position of the fold lines F" can also be called misalignment in an

end surface of the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

[0054] The reference position BS is set in advance as a standard position of the

fold lines F. For example, the reference position BS is set on a perpendicular line

passing through the fold line F that is most recessed in the longitudinal direction as

observed from the lateral direction.

The inventors of the present application have found that the above Problem IV tends

to be mitigated when the variation in the separation dimension BL is within the

predetermined positional range. To put it the other way around, we have found that

Problem IV tends to arise when the variation in the separation dimension BL is outside

the predetermined positional range.

[0055] Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration B based

on the above Viewpoint IV.

In addition, from a finding that the above Problems III, V, and VI also tend to be

mitigated by Configuration B, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes

Configuration B based on Viewpoints III, V, and VI.

Part of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is excluded from the measurement

target of the separation dimension BL. This is because misalignment in the end surface

is likely to occur during human work, such as during transportation work and installation

work of the corrugated fiberboard material, which is likely to constitute a disturbance

(factor) that reduces the accuracy of the measurement result. For example, in the case of a corrugated fiberboard material of 330 [layers], the top 30 [layers] are excluded from the measurement target of the separation dimension BL, and in the case of a corrugated fiberboard material of 60 [layers], the top and bottom five [layers] are excluded from the measurement target of the separation dimension BL.

"Within a predetermined positional range" of Configuration B is smaller than 50

[mm], preferably smaller than 22 [mm], and more preferably smaller than 15 [mm].

[0056] <Configuration C>

As described above, Configuration C is "that an overlap dimension is within a

predetermined thickness factor range relative to a reference dimension."

As shown in FIG. 3, an "overlap dimension CL" of Configuration C is a thickness

dimension of a folded part of the sheet pair 20 at a point a predetermined dimension LP

(here, 5 [mm]) away from the fold line F along the lateral direction. On the other hand,

a "reference dimension TS" of Configuration C is the thickness dimension of one sheet 2.

[0057] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem VI tends to be mitigated when the overlap dimension CL is within the

predetermined thickness factor range relative to the reference dimension TS. To put it

the other way around, we have found that Problem VI tends to arise when the overlap

dimension CL is outside the predetermined thickness factor range relative to the reference

dimension TS.

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration C based on the

above Viewpoint VI.

In addition, from a finding that the above Problems II, III, IV, and V also tend to be

mitigated by Configuration C, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes

Configuration C based on Viewpoints II, III, IV, and V.

[0058] "Within a predetermined thickness factor range" of Configuration C is 1.0

[time] or higher and lower than 3.0 [times], preferably 1.25 [times] or higher and lower

than 2.5 [times], and more preferably 1.5 [times] or higher and lower than 2.0 [times].

Specific dimensions are as follows: when the reference dimension TS is 4 [mm], the overlap dimension CL is 4 [mm] or larger and smaller than 12 [mm], preferably 5 [mm] or larger and smaller than 10 [mm], and more preferably 6 [mm] or larger and smaller than 8 [mm].

[0059] <Configuration D>

As described above, Configuration D is "that an interval between the fold lines F is

within a predetermined distance factor range relative to a reference dimension."

As shown in FIG. 3, an "interval DI" of Configuration D is a distance by which the

fold lines F adjacent to each other in the height direction are separated from each other in

the height direction. A "reference dimension TS" of Configuration D is the same as the

"reference dimension TS" already described in Configuration C.

[0060] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem VI tends to be mitigated when the interval DI is within the predetermined

distance factor range relative to the reference dimension TS. To put it the other way

around, we have found that Problem VI tends to arise when the interval DI is outside the

predetermined distance factor range relative to the reference dimension TS.

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration D based on the

above Viewpoint VI. In addition, from a finding that the above Problems III and V also

tend to be mitigated, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration D based

on Viewpoints III and V.

[0061] "Within a predetermined distance factor range" of Configuration D is 1.0

than 2.5 [times], and more preferably 1.8 [times] or higher and lower than 2.0 [times].

Specific dimensions are as follows: when the reference dimension TS is 4 [mm], the

interval DI is 4 [mm] or longer and shorter than 12 [mm], preferably 5 [mm] or longer

and shorter than 10 [mm], and more preferably 7.2 [mm] or longer and shorter than 8

[mm].

[0062] <Configuration E>

As described above, Configuration E is "that the end edges El, E2 of the sheet pair

20 have a predetermined orientation relative to each other."

As shown in FIG. 4, the "predetermined orientation" of Configuration E is that an

angle 0 formed by the first end edge El and the second end edge E2 of the sheet pair 20

(hereinafter referred to as an "intersection angle") is smaller than a predetermined

intersection angle.

[0063] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem III tends to be mitigated when the intersection angle 0 is smaller than the

predetermined intersection angle. To put it the other way around, we have found that

Problem III tends to arise when the intersection angle 0 is equal to or larger than the

predetermined intersection angle.

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration E based on the

above Viewpoint III. In addition, from a finding that the above Problems II, V, VI, and

VII also tend to be mitigated, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration

E based on Viewpoints II, V, VI, and VII.

"The predetermined intersection angle" here is 0.30 [°], preferably 0.25 [°], more

preferably 0.15 [°], and even more preferably 0.05[°].

[0064] <Configuration F>

As described above, Configuration F is "that a ratio of the fold lines F of a

predetermined shape is within a predetermined first ratio range." The fold lines F

having the "predetermined shape" of Configuration F are fold lines Fb of a first shape that

is a shape resulting from the sheet 2 being folded back so as to straddle only one of a

plurality of ridges forming the waves 10 of the corrugatedfiberboard (hereinafter referred

to as "OK fold lines").

[0065] As shown in FIG. 5, the fold lines F provided in the accordion-folded

corrugated fiberboard material 1include the OK fold lines Fb as well as fold lines FB of

a second shape that is a shape resulting from the sheet 2 being folded back so as to

straddle two or more ridges 2d (hereinafter referred to as "NG fold lines").

As shown in FIGS.I6G(a),(b)andFIGS.7(a), (b), the single-wall corrugated fiberboard has a front linerboard 2a and a back linerboard 2b provided on a corrugating medium 2c. The corrugating medium 2c is a sheet having the plurality of ridges 2d continuing in a wavy shape, and forms the waves 10 (see FIG. 1) of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard.

[0066] When the sheet 2 is folded back at two points P1 on both sides in the MD

direction of one ridge 2d as starting points as shown in FIG. 6 (a), the OK fold line Fb

having a shape resulting from the sheet 2 being folded back so as to straddle the only one

ridge 2d is formed as shown in FIG. 6 (b).

On the other hand, when the sheet 2 is folded back at two points P2 on both sides in

the MD direction of two ridges 2d that are adjacent to each other in the MD direction as

starting points as shown in FIG. 7 (a), the NG fold line FB having a shape resulting from

the sheet 2 being folded back so as to straddle the two ridges 2d is formed as shown in

FIG. 7 (b).

[0067] In a state where the sheets 2 are folded back through the fold lines Fb, FB,

either the front linerboards 2a or the back linerboards 2b of the sheets 2 face each other

through the fold lines Fb, FB. In the example shown in FIG. 6 (b), the void around the

OK fold line Fb between the front linerboards 2a that face each other is smaller than the

void in FIG. 7 (b). On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 7 (b), the void

around the NG fold line FB between the front linerboards 2a is larger than the void in

FIG. 6 (b).

Accordingly, the thickness dimension of the sheets 2 stacked one on top of the other

through the OK fold lines Fb is smaller than the thickness dimension of the sheets 2

stacked one on top of the other through the NG fold line FB.

[0068] Here, the three types of dimensions shown in FIG. 8 are specified for the

dimensions in the height direction of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 placed in the

horizontal plane. The corrugated fiberboard material 1 is an accordion-folded

corrugated fiberboard material that has been folded up into a rectangular parallelepiped

form.

[0069] The dimensions in the height direction specified here are the following

three types:

"Height SH of an end portion": a dimension in the height direction of each end

portion (i.e., each corner of the corrugated fiberboard material 1) in the lateral direction

of the pair of side surfaces extending along the lateral direction and the height direction

"Height MH of a central portion": a dimension in the height direction of a central

portion in the lateral direction of the pair of side surfaces extending along the lateral

direction and the height direction

"Height DH of sag": a difference between the height SH of the end portion and the

height MH of the central portion

[0070] The heights SH, MH of the end portion and the central portion are

dimensions by which a lower surface of the sheet 2 in a lowermost layer and an upper

surface of the sheet 2 in an uppermost layer are separated from each other in the vertical

direction.

The "sag" in the height DH of the sag is deformation of the central portion in the

lateral direction of the pair of side surfaces extending along the lateral direction and the

height direction that has curved and been depressed in the vertical direction relatively to

the end portions in the lateral direction of the pair of side surfaces extending along the

lateral direction and the height direction. An amount of depression in the vertical

direction at this deformed area is the height DH of the sag.

When the height SH of the end portion differs between one side and the other side in

the lateral direction, the difference between the larger dimension of the heights SH of the

end portions and the height MH of the central portion is regarded as the height DH of the

sag.

[0071] When the corrugated fiberboard material 1 has a deep sag, this sag may

cause the sheets 2 to bend. Thus, when a corrugated fiberboard material having a deep

sag is used in a box manufacturing system, various failures may occur, including that the

external appearance of a box built from the corrugated fiberboard material is poor and that the building accuracy of that box is insufficient. It is therefore desirable to reduce the sagging of the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

[0072] The larger the number of the OK fold lines Fb is, the further the height SH

of the end portion is reduced, so that the difference between the height SH of the end

portion and the height MH of the central portion becomes smaller and the height DH of

the sag is reduced. On the other hand, the larger the number of the NG fold lines FB is,

the larger the height SH of the end portion is, so that the height SH of the end portion

becomes larger than the height MH of the central portion and the height DH of the sag

increases.

In an assumed ideal corrugated fiberboard material 1, there is no NG fold line FB

and all the fold lines F are the OK fold lines Fb. In such a corrugated fiberboard

material 1, the height SH of the end portion and the height MH of the central portion are

substantially equal and the height DH of the sag is eliminated or extremely small.

[0073] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem VIII tends to be solved when the predetermined first ratio range is met in which

the ratio of the OK fold lines Fb relative to all the fold lines F in the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 is equal to or higher than a predetermined lower limit ratio and the

ratio of the NG fold lines FB is equal to or lower than a predetermined upper limit ratio.

To put it the other way around, we have found that the above Problem VIII tends to arise

when the ratio of the OK fold lines Fb is lower than the predetermined lower limit ratio

and the ratio of the NG fold lines FB is higher than the predetermined upper limit value.

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration F based on the

above Viewpoint VIII.

[0074] The "predetermined lower limit ratio" is 90 [%], preferably 95 [%], and

more preferably 99 [%]. The "predetermined upper limit ratio" is 10 [%], preferably 5

[%], and more preferably 1 [%].

While the thickness dimension of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including

Configuration F is not particularly limited, the thickness dimension is preferably 2.0

[mm] or larger and 6.0 [mm] or smaller, and is more preferably 3.0 [mm] or larger and

5.0 [mm] or smaller from the viewpoint of including A flute, B flute, and C flute.

[0075] In the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including Configuration F, it is

preferable that the ratio of the height MH of the central portion relative to the height SH

of the end portion be higher than a predetermined height ratio. The predetermined

height ratio is 99.0 [%], preferably 99.2 [%], and more preferably 99.4 [%]. In other

words, the ratio of the height DH of the sag relative to the height SH of the end portion is

preferably lower than 1.0 [%], more preferably lower than 0.8 [%], and further preferably

lower than 0.6 [%]. Further, in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including

Configuration F, it is preferable that the difference of the height MH of the central portion

from the height SH of the end portion (i.e., the height DH of the sag) be smaller than a

predetermined difference. The predetermined difference is 20 [cm], preferably 18 [cm],

and more preferably 16 [cm].

[0076] <Configuration F'>

As described above, Configuration F' is "that a ratio of the fold lines F of a

predetermined shape is within a predetermined second ratio range."

"The fold lines F of a predetermined shape" of Configuration F' is the NG fold lines

FB (the fold lines of the second shape that is a shape resulting from the sheet 2 being

folded back so as to straddle two or more ridges 2d) already described in Configuration F.

[0077] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem III is fixed and Problem VIII tends to be mitigated when the ratio of the NG fold

lines FB relative to all the fold lines F in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is within

the predetermined second ratio range. To put it the other way around, we have found

that at least one of Problem III and Problem VIII tends to arise when the NG fold lines

FB are outside the predetermined second ratio range.

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration F' based on the

above Viewpoints III and VIII.

[0078] When the ratio of the NG fold lines FB relative to all the fold lines F is higher than the predetermined second ratio range, the height of the height SH of the end portion in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 becomes large, which tends to cause an increase in the height DH of the sag in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 (cause the above Problem VIII).

In this case, as already described in Configuration F, the sheets 2 are likely to bend

due to the sag, which may lead to various failures including that the external appearance

of a box built from the corrugated fiberboard material is poor and that the building

accuracy of that box is insufficient.

[0079] When the stacked sheets 2 contact each other too tightly in the corrugated

fiberboard material 1, air between the sheets 2 is reduced and the sheets 2 may become

difficult to separate from each other. In this case, when the sheets 2 are spread out in the

feeding process of a box manufacturing system, two sheets may be lifted at the same time

and spread out without being sufficiently developed ("multi-feeding"). When

multi-feeding of the sheets 2 occurs, the sheets fail to be appropriately spread out from

the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and the sheet feeding stability tends to be impaired

(the feedability tends to decrease; the above Problem III tends to arise).

Thus, when the ratio of the NG fold lines FB relative to all the fold lines F is lower

than the predetermined second ratio range, the sag is reduced but the sheets 2 are likely to

contact each other too tightly, so that the sheets fail to be appropriately spread out from

the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and the above Problem III tends to arise.

[0080] Therefore, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including Configuration F'

"that a ratio of the fold lines F of a predetermined shape is within a predetermined second

ratio range" can fix Problem III and mitigate Problem VIII at the same time.

The "predetermined second ratio range" is such that the ratio of the NG fold lines

FB relative to all the fold lines F is 0.5 [%] or higher and 13.0 [%] or lower, preferably

3.5 [%] or higher and 11.5 [%] or lower, and more preferably 7.5 [%] or higher and 11.5

[%]or lower.

[0081] Further, when the flexibility of the corrugating medium constituting a part of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is higher, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is easier to fold up and the NG fold line FB is less likely to occur. To put it the other way around, when the corrugating medium is harder, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is more difficult to fold up and the NG fold line FB is more likely to occur.

Factors that affect the hardness of the corrugating medium include the fiber length

of a containerboard used for the corrugating medium (a corrugating medium

containerboard) and the Runkel ratio of the corrugating medium containerboard.

[0082] The fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard is a parameter

corresponding to an average value of the lengths (fiber lengths) of pulp fibers composing

the corrugating medium containerboard.

When the value of the fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard is

large, the pulp fibers are more likely to tangle with one another and a hard corrugating

medium tends to be obtained. When the value of the fiber length of the corrugating

medium containerboard is small, the pulp fibers are less likely to tangle with one another

and the flexibility of the corrugating medium tends to increase.

The fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard used for the corrugating

medium in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including Configuration F' is 0.75 [mm]

or longer and 1.35 [mm] or shorter, preferably 0.85 [mm] or longer and 1.25 [mm] or

shorter, and more preferably 1.00 [mm] or longer and 1.20 [mm] or shorter.

[0083] The Runkel ratio is a parameter representing the shape of the pulp fibers

composing the corrugating medium containerboard.

When the value of the Runkel ratio of the corrugating medium containerboard is

small, the flexibility of the fibers increases and a pliant corrugating medium tends to be

obtained. When the value of the Runkel ratio of the corrugating medium containerboard

is large, the stiffness of the fibers increases and the corrugating medium tends to become

hard.

The Runkel ratio of the corrugating medium containerboard used for the corrugating

medium in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including Configuration F' is 0.9 or higher and 1.3 or lower, and more preferably 1.0 or higher and 1.2 or lower.

[0084] In addition, as the basis weight of the corrugating medium containerboard

becomes larger, the corrugating medium becomes harder, so that the NG fold line FB is

more likely to occur. Further, as the basis weights of linerboard containerboards used

for the linerboards constituting parts of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 become

larger, the linerboards become stiffer and the corrugated fiberboard material 1 becomes

more difficult to fold up, so that the NG fold line FB is more likely to occur.

The basis weight of the corrugating medium containerboard used for the corrugating

medium in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including Configuration F' is preferably

110 [g/m2] or larger and 200 [g/m2] or smaller, and the basis weights of the linerboard

containerboards used for the linerboards in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including

Configuration F' are preferably 110 [g/m2] or larger and 270 [g/m2] or smaller.

[0085] Further, while the thickness dimension of the corrugated fiberboard

material 1 including Configuration F' is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1.5 [mm]

or larger and 10.0 [mm] or smaller from the viewpoint of including A flute, B flute, C

flute, E flute, and double flute combining two arbitrary types of flutes.

[0086] <Others>

In the assumed ideal corrugated fiberboard material 1, there is no fold line F in the

failure state and the positions of all the fold lines F coincide with the reference position

BS. However, in almost all the actual corrugated fiberboard materials 1, the fold lines F

in the failure state are present and there are areas of failures, including variation in the

position of the fold lines F.

[0087] Therefore, an ideal configuration that cannot exist in the actual corrugated

fiberboard materials 1 may be excluded from the above Configurations A to E. For

example, a lower limit value, say, 0.1 [%], may be set for the predetermined ratio of

Configuration A, and a lower limit value, say, 1 [mm] or 2 [mm], may be set for the

separation dimension BD of Configuration B.

In addition, measurement of the overlap dimension CL, the interval DI, and others can become impossible in areas where the fold line F is crushed or the intersection angle o is equal to or larger than the predetermined intersection angle. When there is such an unmeasurable area, parameters such as the overlap dimension CL and the interval DI are measured at areas excluding the unmeasurable area (i.e., at all areas where they are measurable).

[0088] [3. Workings and Effects]

By including at least one of the above-described Configurations A to F', the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 of this embodiment can secure the box manufacturability

when used as a box manufacturing material.

According to Configuration A, the fold lines F in the failure state are equal to or

lower than the predetermined ratio, so that even when a box built from the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 cut out along a cutting line crossing the fold line F includes that

fold line F in its external appearance, a bend lime corresponding to the bend FA other

than the fold line F is less likely to form. Thus, an external appearance of the box can

be secured (the above Problem I can be solved) and the strength of the box can be secured

(the above Problem II can be solved).

[0089] Configuration A can also mitigate failures occurring when the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 is spread out. Specifically, a jam of the corrugated fiberboard

material being spread out in the feeding process of the box manufacturing system can be

reduced. Thus, the feedability of the corrugated fiberboard material to be manufactured

into boxes can be secured (the above Problem III can be solved).

[0090] Also by Configuration B, since the variation in the position of the fold

lines F is within the predetermined positional range, failures occurring when the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 is spread out can be mitigated and the feedability of the

corrugated fiberboard material to be manufactured into boxes can be secured (the above

Problem III can be solved).

Further, according to Configuration B, protrusion of the fold lines F in the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be reduced, so that damage to the film wrapping the corrugated fiberboard material 1due to the fold lines F can be reduced (the above

Problem IV can be solved).

[0091] As damage to the film is reduced, exposure of the fold lines F is also

reduced. Thus, safety for persons handling the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be

improved (the above Problem V can be solved). By extension, load collapsing of the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be reduced, and contamination such as wetting (a

risk of exposure to water) and stains can also be reduced. As load collapsing is reduced,

the stability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can also be secured (the above

Problem VI can be solved).

In addition, according to Configuration B, since the variation in the position of the

fold lines F in the lateral direction is reduced, the fold lines F are less likely to collide

with something else during transportation action or installation work of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 and thereby get crushed. Thus, defects in the external appearance

of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can also be reduced.

[0092] According to Configuration C, the lower limit value is set for the thickness

factor range of the overlap dimension CL relative to the reference dimension TS. Thus,

in a box built from the corrugated fiberboard material 1 cut out along a cutting line

crossing the fold line F, the strength of the area corresponding to the fold line F can be

secured (the above Problem II can be solved). It is inferred that when the thickness

factor is smaller than the lower limit value of the predetermined thickness factor range,

the manufactured box may have insufficient strength at the area corresponding to the fold

line F due to excessive stress concentrating on the fold line F.

Further, according to Configuration C, the upper limit value is set for the

predetermined thickness factor range, so that the void S is less likely to form around the

fold line F, and failures occurring when the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is spread out

can be mitigated. As a result, the feedability of the corrugated fiberboard material to be

manufactured into boxes can be secured (the above Problem III can be solved).

[0093] According to Configuration C, since the lower limit value of the predetermined thickness factor range is set, the sharpness of the fold lines F in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is reduced, and damage to the film wrapping the corrugated fiberboard material 1due to the fold lines F can be reduced (the above

Problem IV can be solved).

As damage to the film is reduced, exposure of the fold lines F is also reduced. Thus, safety for persons handling the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be improved

(the above Problem V can be solved). By extension, load collapsing of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 can be reduced, and contamination such as wetting (a risk of

exposure to water) and stains can also be reduced. As load collapsing is reduced, the

stability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can also be secured (the above Problem

VI can be solved).

[0094] According to Configuration D, the interval DI between the fold lines F is

within the predetermined distance factor range relative to the reference dimension TS, so

that the void S is less likely to form around the fold lines F and failures occurring when

the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is spread out can be mitigated. As a result, the

feedability of the corrugated fiberboard material to be manufactured into boxes can be

secured (the above Problem III can be solved).

According to Configuration D, since the variation in the interval DI between the fold

lines F is reduced, the overlapping state of the sheets 2 is stabilized (the load is stabilized).

Therefore, the stability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 as placed can be secured

(the above Problem VI can be solved). Thus, even when the corrugated fiberboard

material 1 is not wrapped in afilm, load collapsing of the corrugated fiberboard material

1 can be reduced and safety for persons handling the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can

be improved (the above Problem V can be solved).

[0095] According to Configuration E, the intersection angle 0 formed by the first end edge Ei and the second end edge E 2 of the sheet pair 20 is smaller than the

predetermined intersection angle, so that variation in the positions of the end edges Ei, E 2

is reduced. As a result, failures occurring when the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is spread out can be mitigated, and the feedability of the corrugated fiberboard material to be manufactured into boxes can be secured (the above Problem III can be solved).

Further, as the overlapping state of the sheets 2 is stabilized (the load is stabilized),

the stability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 as placed can be secured (the above

Problem VI can be solved). By extension, even when the corrugated fiberboard material

1 is not wrapped in a film, load collapsing of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be

reduced. As a result, safety for persons handling the corrugated fiberboard material 1

can be improved (the above Problem V can be solved).

[0096] According to Configuration E, a failure that the corrugated fiberboard

material is folded and erected at locations other than desired scores and creases in the

folding process of the box manufacturing system can be reduced, and thus the box

manufacturing accuracy can also be improved. As a result, the strength of the box can

be secured (the above Problem II can be solved).

In addition, the corrugated fiberboard box using the corrugated fiberboard material 1

can produce workings and effects similar to those of the corrugated fiberboard material.

[0097] According to Configuration F, the OK fold line Fb has a shape resulting

from the sheet 2 being folded back so as to straddle only one ridge 2d, so that an increase

in the dimension of the height SH of the end portion in the corrugated fiberboard material

1 as placed can be reduced (the above Problem VIII can be solved). Since the ratio of

the OK fold lines Fb relative to all the fold lines F in the corrugated fiberboard material 1

is equal to or higher than the predetermined lower limit ratio and the ratio of the NG fold

lines FB is equal to or lower than the predetermined upper limit ratio, occurrence of

sagging in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be dramatically reduced.

[0098] According to Configuration F', the ratio of the NG fold lines FB relative to

all the fold lines F in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is within the predetermined

second ratio range, so that occurrence of sagging in the corrugated fiberboard material 1

can be reduced (the above Problem VIII can be solved) and the feedability of the

corrugated fiberboard material in the box manufacturing system can be secured (the above Problem III can be solved) at the same time.

Example 1

[0099] [II-A. Examples]

In the following, the first embodiment of the present invention will be specifically

described by presenting examples and comparative examples. However, the present

invention is not limited to the following examples.

In this Item [II-A], matters common to examples and comparative examples of

Configurations A to F' (partially excluding Configuration F') according to the first

embodiment will be described in Item [1], and the examples and the comparative

examples corresponding to each of Configurations A to F will be described in Item [2].

Further, an example combining three configurations among Configurations A to F' will be

described in Item [3].

[0100] [1. Common Matters]

--- Measurement Target --

A configuration common to corrugated fiberboard materials of which parameters are

to be measured (hereinafter referred to as "measurement corrugated fiberboard

materials") in the examples and the comparative examples of Configurations A to F

(excluding Configuration F') will be described.

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials are single-wall corrugated

fiberboard sheets of A flute.

[0101] The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Configurations A to

F (excluding Configuration F') are composed of the following containerboards and have

the following size:

- Corrugating medium containerboard: 160 [g/m 2 ] [S160 manufactured by Oji

Materia Co., Ltd.]

- Linerboard containerboard: 170 [g/m 2 ] [OFK170 manufactured by Oji Materia Co.,

Ltd.]

- Size: longitudinal dimension 1300 [mm],

lateral dimension 1150 [mm],

height dimension 1800 [mm]

[0102] The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Configurations A to

F' were manufactured using a corrugator having a take-up roll of the specifications shown

below.

- Flute height: 4.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: Number of flute ridges 34 [ridge/30 cm]

The "flute height" is the height of the flute in the sheet of the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material and is a dimension corresponding to the amplitude of the

waves. The "number of flute ridges" is the number of ridges (flutes) per 30 [cm] in the

sheet and corresponds to a numerical value obtained by dividing 30 [cm] by the

wavelength of wave surfaces.

[0103] The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials or parts thereof of

which parameters are to be measured were subjected to a treatment of adjusting the

moisture for 24 [hours] in an RH environment where the temperature was 23 [°C] and the humidity was 50 [%]. This treatment will be referred to as a "pre-treatment" in the

following description.

In addition, as a corrugated fiberboard adhesive for bonding the linerboard

containerboards and the corrugating medium containerboard together, a commonly used

starch glue of one-tank system was used.

[0104] --- Evaluation --

Each of the examples and the comparative examples to be described in detail in the

next Item [2] was evaluated on a scale of four: "A," "B," "C," and "D." In

Configurations A to F, "A" that is the highest evaluation and "B" that is the second

highest evaluation are regarded as good evaluations. On the other hand, "D" that is the

lowest evaluation and "C" that is the second lowest evaluation are regarded as poor

evaluations. In Configuration F', "C" and higher evaluations are regarded as good evaluations and "D" is regarded as a poor evaluation.

[0105] [2. Configurations A to F']

--- Measurement Target --

In Examples Al to A3 and Comparative Examples A4 and A5 relating to

Configuration A, a comparison was made as to whether there were many or few voids in

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material placed at rest. Specifically, 101

[layers] in a middle part of each measurement corrugated fiberboard material were set as

a measurement target. That is, the middle part where the sheets are adjacent to each

other at 100 [areas] in the height direction was measured.

[0106] The "void" is a space which is present within a range of 15 [mm] along the

lateral direction (the MD direction) from the folded end portion of the sheets in the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and of which the area as seen from the

longitudinal direction (hereinafter referred to as the "side area") is 25 [mm 2 ] or larger.

[0107] The void was determined by the following steps Aa to Ae:

- Step Aa: It is observed whether there is any space at the folded end portion of the

sheets and around it in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material.

- Step Ab: A 10 [mm] by 10 [mm] standard paper piece is attached near the void in

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and a picture is taken so as to include

both the void and the standard paper piece.

- Step Ac: The picture taken in step Ab is printed on an enlarged scale, and the

standard paper piece and the void are cut out with scissors.

- Step Ad: The samples cut out are subjected to a pre-treatment, and the weights of

the pre-treated samples are measured.

- Step Ae: The side area of the void is calculated from a weight ratio, based on the

side area (flat area) of the standard test piece being 100 [mm 2 .

[0108] For example, a space of a right-angled triangular shape of which the two

sides except for the hypotenuse are 11 [mm] and 10 [mm] as seen from the longitudinal

2 direction has a side area of 55 [mm ], and this space is determined as a void if present

within a range of 15 [mm] from the folded end portion of the sheets.

Areas observed in step Aa are the following areas Ac:

- Areas Ac: all corners (four [areas]) in the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material

Thus, areas to be observed as the areas Ac are in total 400 [areas] (four [areas] x 100

[areas]).

[0109] For Examples Al to A3 and Comparative Examples A4 and A5, the

measurement corrugated fiberboard materials having the void ratios shown in Table 3

below were used.

The "void ratio" corresponds to the "predetermined ratio" in one embodiment and is

a ratio at which a void is present between the stacked sheets. Specifically, the void ratio

is a percentage of "the number of areas where a void is present" relative to "the total

number of measurement areas" and was calculated by the following Formula Al:

Void ratio = number of areas where void is present / total number of measurement

areas - - Formula Al

[0110] [Table 3] Examples Comparative Examples Al A2 A3 A4 A5 Void ratio [%] 0.5 4 8 12 15 Box manufacturability (evaluation) A B B C D

[0111] --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples Al to A3 and

Comparative Examples A4 and A5 were evaluated on box manufacturability.

The "box manufacturability" here is an evaluation criterion corresponding to

whether the accuracy of a box into which a corrugated fiberboard piece cut out along a

cutting line crossing the fold line of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material

(hereinafter referred to as an "evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece") is built by manual

building (by hand) is good or poor. As a manual building method, a box was

manufactured by folding the cut corrugated fiberboard piece at the locations of predetermined scores and creases and bonding it with a hot-melt adhesive.

The technique of building an evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece by a box

manufacturing system is the same for manual building and for building by a box

manufacturing system. Therefore, it is inferred that the box manufacturability of an

evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece that was built by manual building is correlated

with the box manufacturability of an evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece that was built

by a box manufacturing system.

[0112] The "evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces" are the following number of

sheets of test pieces punched out from the measurement corrugated fiberboard material

into the following shape and size by a sample cutter (CF2-1218 manufactured by Mimaki

Engineering Co., Ltd.):

- Shape: a developed pattern of an RSC corrugated fiberboard box

- Size: a width dimension of a side panel of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box:

356 [mm],

a width dimension of an end panel of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box:

159 [mm],

a height dimension of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box: 256 [mm]

- Number of sheets: 100 [sheets]

[0113] These evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces were evaluated by the

following criteria:

- A: All the evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces (100 [sheets]) have good box

manufacturability.

- B: One to two [sheets] among the 100 evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces have

poor box manufacturability.

- C: Three [sheets] among the 100 evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces have poor

box manufacturability.

- D: Four or more [sheets] among the 100 evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces

have poor box manufacturability.

[0114] Having "good box manufacturability" here means that a distance

dimension between the following folded parts A and B in the evaluation corrugated

fiberboard piece is shorter than a predetermined distance dimension:

- Folded part A: a part where a score or crease for box manufacturing (an element

other than the fold lines) is provided

- Folded par B: a part that was actually folded when a box was built (during box

manufacturing)

[0115] The "predetermined distance dimension" is 2.0 [mm] for the dimension in

a direction perpendicular to the fold line of the evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece

(the MD direction), and 5 [mm] for the dimension in a direction parallel to the fold line

(the CD direction).

On the other hand, having "poor box manufacturability" means that the distance

dimension between the folded parts A and B in the evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece

is equal to or larger than the predetermined distance dimension.

[0116] In Examples Al to A3 in which the void ratio is 10 [%] or lower, good box

manufacturability was exhibited. In particular, in Example Al in which the void ratio is

2 [%] or lower, excellent box manufacturability was exhibited.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Examples A4 and A5 in which the void ratio is higher

than 10 [%], poor box manufacturability was exhibited. In particular, in Example A5 in

which the void ratio is higher than 14 [%], especially poor box manufacturability was

exhibited.

From the evaluation results of Examples Al to A3 and Comparative Examples A4

and A5, it can be seen that with an evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece cut out from a

measurement corrugated fiberboard material in which the void ratio is 10 [%] or lower,

the distance dimension between the folded parts A and B is reduced and the box

manufacturability is secured.

[0117] <Configuration B>

--- Measurement Target ---

In Examples BI to B3 and Comparative Examples B4 and B5 relating to

Configuration B, the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials placed at rest were

compared as to variation in the position of the fold lines (hereinafter referred to as

"misalignment in the end surface"). The number of layers in each of the measurement

corrugated fiberboard materials according to Examples B1 to B3 and Comparative

Examples B4 and B5 is 360 [layers].

The "misalignment in the end surface" is a distance by which the fold lines of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material are misaligned in the lateral direction (the

MD direction) as seen from the longitudinal direction (the CD direction) in the end

surface in which the fold lines are provided.

[0118] The misalignment in the end surface was measured by steps Ba to Be

shown below:

- Step Ba: 330 [layers] of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material except for

the top 30 [layers] are set as a measurement target.

- Step Bb: A reference line is drawn with a marker on the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material set as the measurement target in step Bb. The reference line

corresponds to the reference position BS described above in one embodiment, and is a

perpendicular line passing through a part that is most recessed in the longitudinal

direction as observed from the lateral direction.

- Step Bc: The measurement corrugated fiberboard material set as the measurement

target in step Bb is divided into the three parts of an upper, middle, and lower parts, and

for each of 20 [layers] with the greatest misalignment in each part, the distance of

separation from the reference line in the lateral direction is measured. "The distance of

separation from the reference line in the lateral direction" here corresponds to the

"separation dimension BD" in one embodiment.

- Step Bd: Numerical values that can constitute a disturbance (factor) that reduces

the accuracy of the measurement result (so to speak, distances that deviate significantly)

are excluded from the distances measured in step Bc.

- Step Be: A maximum value of the distances after some measurement results have

been excluded in step Bd is determined as the misalignment in the end surface.

[0119] In "excluding numerical values that can constitute a disturbance" in step

Bd, the misalignments in the end surface measured in all the layers of the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material are used as a population, and values that are not within

±3 of the standard deviation of the population are excluded.

For Examples BI to B3 and Comparative Examples B4 and B5, measurement

corrugated fiberboard materials having the misalignments in the end surface shown in

Table 4 below were used.

[0120] [Table 4]

Examples Comparative Examples B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 Misalignment in end surface [mm] 10 20 35 55 60 Tearing of film (evaluation) A B B C D

[0121] --- Evaluation --

After being wrapped in a film, the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of

Examples BI to B3 and Comparative Examples B4 and B5 were evaluated on tearing of

the film.

As the film used for this evaluation, a stretch film of the following product and size

was used:

- Product: Super Telite Slim (manufactured by Tsukasa Chemical Industry)

- Size: width dimension 500 [mm],

length dimension 500 [mm]

[0122] The above film was wound around the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material by the following step Be, and tearing of the film was observed by the following

steps Bf and Bg:

- Step Be: The film is manually wound around each part of step Bc, in three layers at

the same area.

- Step Bf: Ten minutes after execution of step Be, the film was peeled from the measurement corrugated fiberboard material and the film was visually checked for any tears.

[0123] Whether the film had any tears was evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: No tear is observed in the film.

- B: A tear of 1 [mm] or larger is observed in only thefirst layer from the inner side

of the film.

- C: A tear of 1 [mm] or larger is observed in the first layer and the second layer

from an inner layer of the film.

- D: A tear of 1 [mm] or larger is observed in each of the three layers of the film.

[0124] In Examples BI to B3 in which the misalignment in the end surface is

smaller than 50 [mm], a good evaluation was obtained with the film less likely to tear.

In particular, in Example B1 in which the misalignment in the end surface is smaller than

15 [mm], an excellent evaluation was obtained with no tear in the film.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Examples B4 and B5 in which the misalignment in the

end surface is 50 [mm] or greater, a poor evaluation was obtained with the film more

likely to tear. In particular, in Comparative Example B5 in which the misalignment in

the end surface is 60 [mm] or greater, an especially poor evaluation was obtained.

From the evaluation results of Examples B1 to B3 and Comparative Examples B4

and B5, it can be seen that with a measurement corrugated fiberboard material in which

the misalignment in the end surface is smaller than 50 [mm], damage to the film

wrapping the measurement corrugated fiberboard material can be reduced.

[0125] <Configuration C>

--- Measurement Target --

In Examples Cl to C3 and Comparative Examples C4 and C5 relating to

Configuration C, the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials placed at rest were

compared as to a thickness factor of the sheets. Specifically, 101 [layers] in a middle

part of each measurement corrugated fiberboard material was set as a measurement target.

That is, the middle part where the sheets are adjacent to each other at 100 [areas] in the height direction was measured.

[0126] The "thickness factor" here is a multiplying factor of the thickness of the

sheets laid one on top of the other (referred to as the "overlap dimension CL" as in one

embodiment) relative to the thickness of the sheet serving as a reference (referred to as

the "reference dimension TS" as in one embodiment) as described above in one

embodiment. Thus, the thickness factor is calculated by the following Formula C:

Thickness factor = overlap dimension CL / reference dimension TS --- Formula C

The overlap dimension CL is the thickness dimension of one pair of sheets that are

continuous with each other through the fold line, at an area 5 [mm] back from the fold

line in the lateral direction. The reference dimension TS is the thickness dimension of

one sheet 2.

[0127] The reference dimension TS and the overlap dimension CL were measured,

and the thickness factor was calculated by the above Formula C using the measured

reference dimension TS and overlap dimension CL.

The reference dimension TS was measured by the following steps Ca and Cb:

- Step Ca: 10 [cm] square sheets were cut out from the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material by selecting areas where it was not crushed, and a pre-treatment was

performed on the sheets.

- Step Cb After the pre-treatment in step Ca, the thickness of each sheet was

measured with a ruler and an average value of the measurement results was determined as

the reference dimension TS.

[0128] The overlap dimension CL was measured by the following steps Cc to Cf:

- Step Cc: The entire measurement corrugated fiberboard material is subjected to a

pre-treatment as in step Ca.

- Step Cd: After the pre-treatment in step Cc, the overlap dimension CL was

measured with a ruler at all the comers (four [areas]) of the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material. That is, the overlap dimension CL is measured at each of 400

[areas] (four [areas] x 100 [areas]).

- Step Ce: Numerical values that can constitute a disturbance (factor) that reduces

the accuracy of the measurement result are excluded from the overlap dimensions CL

measured in step Cd.

- Step Cf: A maximum value and a minimum value of the thickness factor were

calculated by the above Formula C from a maximum value and a minimum value of the

overlap dimensions CL remaining after some measurement results were excluded in step

Ce.

[0129] In "excluding numerical values that can constitute a disturbance" in step

Ce, as in step Bd described above, the overlap dimensions CL measured in all the layers

of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material are used as a population, and values

that are not within ±3 of the standard deviation of the population are excluded.

For Examples Cl to C3 and Comparative Examples C4 and C5, measurement

corrugated fiberboard materials having the thickness factors shown in Table 5 below were

used.

[0130] [Table 5]

Examples Comparative Examples C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Thickness factor [times] Maximum 2.5 1.8 1.9 2.2 3.5 Minimum 1.9 1.1 1.8 0.5 2.0 Transferability (evaluation) B B A D D

[0131] --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples Cl to C3 and

Comparative Examples C4 and C5 were evaluated on transferability.

The "transferability" here is an evaluation criterion corresponding to whether the

shape retainability and the stability of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material

when it is transferred are good or poor.

[0132] A transfer test was conducted on each measurement corrugated fiberboard

material that was not wrapped in a film (so to speak, a bare measurement corrugated

fiberboard material), and the transferability was evaluated based on misalignment of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material obtained by the transfer test.

The transfer test was conducted under the following conditions:

- Load condition: The measurement corrugated fiberboard material is placed on a

transfer pallet.

- Transportation condition: The measurement corrugated fiberboard material is

transported (transferred) 10 m by a forklift (gene B manufactured by Toyota L&F) at a

speed of 15 km.

The misalignment of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material corresponds to

the degree of load collapsing of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and is a

distance by which the measurement corrugated fiberboard material becomes misaligned

between before and after the transfer test (hereinafter referred to as a "misalignment

distance").

[0133] The transferability was evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: The misalignment distance is shorter than 25 [mm].

- B: The misalignment distance is 25 [mm] or longer and shorter than 50 [mm].

- C: The misalignment distance is 50 [mm] or longer and shorter than 100 [mm].

- D: The misalignment distance is 100 [mm] or longer. Or the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material collapses completely.

[0134] In Examples C1 to C3 in which the thickness factor is 1.0 [time] or higher

and lower than 3.0 [times], a good evaluation on the transferability was obtained. In

particular, in Example C3 in which the thickness factor is 1.5 [times] or higher and lower

than 2.0 [times], an excellent evaluation on the transferability was obtained.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Example C4 that includes a thickness factor lower than

1.0 [time] or Comparative Example C5 that includes a thickness factor 3.0 [times] or

higher, a poor evaluation on the transferability was obtained.

From the evaluation results of Examples C1 to C3 and Comparative Examples C4

and C5, it can be seen that with a measurement corrugated fiberboard material in which

the thickness factor is within a range of 1.0 [time] or higher and lower than 3.0 [times], the misalignment distance when it is transferred is reduced and the transferability is secured.

[0135] <Configuration D>

--- Measurement Target --

In Examples D1 to D3 and Comparative Examples D4 and D5 relating to

Configuration D, the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials placed at rest were

compared as to an interval factor between the fold lines. Specifically, 101 [layers] in a

middle part of each measurement corrugated fiberboard material were set as a

measurement target. That is, an upper part where the sheets are adjacent to each other at

100 [areas] in the height direction was measured.

[0136] The "interval factor" here is a multiplying factor of the interval between

the fold lines (referred to as the "interval DI" as in one embodiment) relative to the

thickness of the sheet serving as a reference (referred to as the "reference dimension TS"

as in one embodiment) as described above in one embodiment. Thus, the interval factor

is calculated by the following Formula D:

Interval factor = interval DI / reference dimension TS --- Formula D

[0137] The reference dimension TS and the interval DI were measured, and the

interval factor was calculated by the above Formula D using the measured reference

dimension TS and interval DI. The reference dimension TS was measured by the same

steps as steps Ca and Cb described above. The interval DI was measured by the

following steps Da to Dd:

- Step Da: As in step Cc described above, the entire measurement corrugated

fiberboard material is subjected to a pre-treatment.

- Step Db: As in step Cd described above, after the pre-treatment of the entire

measurement corrugated fiberboard material in step Da, the interval DI is measured at all

corners (four [areas]) of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material with a ruler.

- Step Dc: As in step Ce described above, numerical values that can constitute a

disturbance (factor) that reduces the accuracy of the measurement result are excluded from the intervals DI measured in step Db.

- Step Dd: A maximum value and a minimum value of the interval factor were

calculated by the above Formula D from a maximum value and a minimum value of the

intervals DI remaining after some measurement results were excluded in step Dc.

[0138] In "excluding numerical values that can constitute a disturbance" in step

Dc, as in steps Bd and Ce described above, the intervals DI measured in all the layers of

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material are used as a population. Then, for 4 larger values among the intervals DI, values that are not within ± of the standard

deviation of the population are excluded. For smaller values among the intervals DI,

values that are not within ±3 of the standard deviation of the population are excluded.

For Examples D1 to D3 and Comparative Examples D4 and D5, measurement

corrugated fiberboard materials having the interval factors shown in Table 6 below were

used.

[0139] [Table 6]

Examples Comparative Examples D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Interval factor [times]Maximum 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.4 3.5 Minimum 2.0 1.3 1.8 0.4 2.1 Standing steadiness (evaluation) B B A D D

[0140] --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples D1 to D3 and

Comparative Examples D4 and D5 were evaluated on standing steadiness.

The "standing steadiness" here is an evaluation criterion corresponding to whether

the shape retainability and the stability of the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material when shock is applied thereto are good or poor.

[0141] A collision test was conducted on each measurement corrugated

fiberboard material that was not wrapped in a film, and the standing steadiness was

evaluated based on misalignment of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material

obtained by the collision test.

In the collision test, a 10 kg sandbag (one having a length of 61 [cm] and a width of

46.5 [cm] was used) was brought into collision with a part of the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material, at 1000 [mm] from the bottom, at a speed of 24 km/h.

distance"). The misalignment distance is a distance by which the fold lines of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material are misaligned in the longitudinal direction

(the CD direction) as seen from the lateral direction (the MD direction) in the end surface

where the fold lines are provided.

[0142] The "misalignment distance" here is measured by the following steps Xa

to Xd:

- Step Xa: A part of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material except for the

top 30 [layers] is set as a measurement target.

- Step Xb: A reference line is drawn with a marker on the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material set as the measurement target in step Xa. This reference line is

drawn on the surface in which the fold lines extend, perpendicularly to the ground.

- Step Xc: The collision test is conducted such that a central portion in the height of

the layers of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material set as the measurement

target in step Xa constitutes a collision area. Then, the distance of separation from the

reference line in the CD direction is measured.

- Step Xd: A maximum value in step Xc is determined as the misalignment distance.

This procedure of measuring the misalignment distance is incorporated by reference

in the procedure of measuring the misalignment distance measured by the transfer test

according to Configuration C.

[0143] As with the transferability, the standing steadiness was evaluated by the

following criteria:

- A: The misalignment distance is shorter than 25 [mm].

- B: The misalignment distance is 25 [mm] or longer and shorter than 50 [mm].

- C: The misalignment distance is 50 [mm] or longer and shorter than 100 [mm].

- D: The misalignment distance is 100 [mm] or longer. Or the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material collapses completely.

[0144] In Examples D1 to D3 in which the interval factor is 1.0 [time] or higher

and lower than 3.0 [times], a good evaluation on the standing steadiness was obtained.

In particular, in Example D3 in which the interval factor is 1.5 [times] or higher and

lower than 2.5 [times], an excellent evaluation on the standing steadiness was obtained.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Example D4 that includes an interval factor lower than

1.0 [time] or Comparative Example D5 that includes an interval factor 3.0 [times] or

higher, a poor evaluation on the standing steadiness was obtained.

From the evaluation results of Examples Dl to D3 and Comparative Examples D4

and D5, it can be seen that with a measurement corrugated fiberboard material in which

the interval factor is within a range of 1.0 [time] or higher and lower than 3.0 [times], the

misalignment distance due to collision is reduced and the standing steadiness is secured.

[0145] <Configuration E>

--- Measurement Target --

In Examples El to E3 and Comparative Examples E4 and E5 relating to

Configuration E, the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials placed at rest were

compared as to an intersection angle between the end edges of the sheets. Specifically,

101 [layers] of a middle part of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material on one

side in the longitudinal direction (the CD direction) were set as a measurement target.

That is, the middle part where the sheets are adjacent to each other in the height direction

at 100 [areas] was measured.

[0146] The "intersection angle" here is an angle formed by the end edge of one of

a pair of sheets that are continuous with each other through the fold line (referred to as

the "first end edge Ei" as in one embodiment") and the end edge of the other sheet

(referred to as the "second end edge E2 " as in one embodiment) as described above in one

embodiment.

The intersection angle was measured by the following steps Ea to Ee:

- Step Ea: A maximum value of a distance by which the first end edge Ei and the

second end edge E2 are separated from each other in the longitudinal direction (the CD

direction) when the corrugated fiberboard material is seen from the height direction (the

TD direction) is measured with a ruler.

- Step Eb: An imaginary triangle having the end edges Ei, E2 when the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material is seen from the height direction (the TD direction) is

defined. Specifically, a triangle having an opposite side that corresponds to the

maximum value of the distance by which the first end edge Ei and the second end edge

E 2 are separated from each other (so to speak, a separation distance) in the longitudinal

direction (the CD direction) and an adjacent side that corresponds to the dimension of the

sheet in the lateral direction is regarded as a right-angled triangle.

- Step Ec: Using the Pythagorean theorem and a trigonometric function, the

intersection angle is calculated from the lateral dimension of the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material (here, 1150 [mm]) and the length of the opposite side measured in

step Ea.

- Step Ed: As in steps Bd and Ce described above, numerical values that can

constitute a disturbance (factor) that reduces the accuracy of the measurement result are

excluded from the intersection angles measured in step Ec.

- Step Ee: A maximum value of the numerical values remaining after some

measurement results are excluded in step Ed is determined as the intersection angle.

[0147] As one example of step Ec, when the length of the opposite side is 5.4

[mm], since the length of the adjacent side is 1150 [mm], the intersection angle is

calculated as 0.27 [°].

In "excluding numerical values that can constitute a disturbance" in step Ed, as in

steps Bd and Ce described above, the intersection angles measured in all the layers of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material are used as a population, and values that are not within ±3 of the standard deviation of the population are excluded.

For Examples El to E3 and Comparative Examples E4 and E5, the measurement

corrugated fiberboard materials having the intersection angles shown in Table 7 below

were used.

[0148] [Table 7] Examples Comparative Examples El E2 E3 E4 E5 Intersection angle [0] 0.05 0.15 0.27 0.35 0.50 Sheet feeding A B B C D stability (evaluation)

[0149] --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples El to E3 and

Comparative Examples E4 and E5 were evaluated on sheet feeding stability.

The "sheet feeding stability" here is a criterion corresponding to whether the

stability of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material while it is spread out in the

feeding process of the box manufacturing system is good or poor.

The sheet feeding stability was evaluated by applying 100 sheets of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material to CartonWrap (a box manufacturing

system) manufactured by CMC Machinery, and counting the number of times that the

machine stopped due to a sheet jam in the feeding process of spreading out the sheets of

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material.

[0150] The sheet feeding stability was evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: The number of times of stops is zero [times].

- B: The number of times of stops is one [time] or two [times].

- C: The number of times of stops is three [times].

- D: The number of times of stops is four or more [times].

[0151] In Examples El to E3 in which the intersection angle is smaller than 0.3

[0], a good evaluation on the sheet feeding stability was obtained. In particular, in

Example El in which the intersection angle is 0.05 [0] or smaller, an excellent evaluation on the sheet feeding stability was obtained.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Examples C4 and C5 in which the intersection angle is

0.3 [°] or larger, a poor evaluation on the sheet feeding stability was obtained.

From the evaluation results of Examples El to E3 and Comparative Examples E4

and E5, it can be seen that with a measurement corrugated fiberboard material in which

the intersection angle is smaller than 0.3 [°], machine stops due to a sheet jam in a box

making system are reduced and the sheet feeding stability is secured.

[0152] <Configuration F>

--- Measurement Target --

In Examples Fl to F3 and Comparative Examples F4 and F5 relating to

Configuration F, the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials have single flute. In

a normal state of having undergone a 24-hour or longer pre-treatment under temperature

and humidity conditions with a temperature being 23 [°C] and a humidity being 50 [%] in

accordance with JIS Z0203:2000, the sheet of each measurement corrugated fiberboard

material has a thickness dimension of 4 [mm] as measured in accordance with JCS

T0004:2000.

[0153] The total number of layers of the corrugated fiberboard sheets folded onto

one another in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is 360. In each of a

lowermost layer and an uppermost layer of the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material, there is no fold line on one side in the lateral direction (the MD direction).

Therefore, the number of the fold lines present in the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material is 359, with 179 on one side in the lateral direction and 180 on the other side in

the lateral direction.

[0154] In Examples Fl to F3 and Comparative Examples F4 and F5 relating to

Configuration F, the shapes of the 359 fold lines extending in the height direction are

checked in a pair of side surfaces extending along both the longitudinal direction and the

height direction of the accordion-folded measurement corrugated fiberboard material

having been folded up into a rectangular parallelepiped form. Specifically, the shapes of the fold lines were classified into the following two types and the numbers of the respective shapes were counted:

- First shape: a shape resulting from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle

only one ridge (the shape of the OK fold line)

- Second shape: a shape resulting from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle

two or more ridges (the shape of the NG fold line)

[0155] For Examples Fl to F3 and Comparative Examples F4 and F5, the

measurement corrugated fiberboard materials having the numbers of the fold lines of the

first shape and the numbers of the fold lines of the second shape as shown in Table 8

below were used.

Examples F1 to F3 and Comparative Examples F4 and F5 have the fold lines of the

predetermined shape at the shape ratios as shown in Table 8 below.

The shape ratio is a percentage of the number of the fold lines of the first shape

relative to the total number of the fold lines in the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material, and was calculated by the following Formula FI:

Shape ratio = number of fold lines of first shape / total number of fold lines --

Formula F

[0156] In Examples Fl to F3 and Comparative Examples F4 and F5 relating to

Configuration F, a comparison was made as to whether there were many or few voids in

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material. Here, the "void" is measured by the

same method as in the examples relating to Configuration A, and therefore description of

the measurement method etc. will be omitted.

For Examples Fl to F3 and Comparative Examples F4 and F5, the measurement

corrugated fiberboard materials having the void ratios shown in Table 8 below were used.

Here, it was found that the shape of the fold line was the first shape when the side area of

the void was smaller than 25 [mm 2 ], and that the shape was the second shape when the

side area of the void was 25 [mm 2 ] or larger. Therefore, the height of the sag at the

central portion of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material can be evaluated also by the void ratio.

[0157] [Table 8]

ExamplesComparative Examples Examples F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Number (first shape/second shape) 357/2 345/14 330/29 316/43 309/50 Ratio of first shape [%] 99.4/0.6 96.1/3.9 91.9/8.2 88.0/12 86/14 Void ratio [%]=ratio of second shape 0.6 3.9 8.1 12 14 Sag at Evaluation A B B C D central Length [cm] 4 10 16 24 33 portion Ratio [%] 0.22 0.56 0.89 1.33 1.83

[0158] --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples F1 to F3 and

Comparative Examples F4 and F5 were evaluated on the height of the sag at the central

portion.

(How to Measure Height of Sag at Central Portion)

The height of the sag at the central portion was measured by steps Fa to Fd shown

below. The central portion here is the position of 650 [mm] from the end of the

longitudinal dimension 1300 [mm].

- Step Fa: One precision weight is placed at the central portion of the uppermost

layer of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material. The precision weight is a

precision weight manufactured by Murakami Koki Co., Ltd., which has a cylindrical

shape, is made of stainless steel, and weighs 1 [kg]. The precision weight is placed at

the center of the lateral dimension 1150 [mm] such that the cylindrical surface thereof

contacts the measurement corrugated fiberboard material. Here, the precision weight

should be contained within a range of 545 [mm] to 605 [mm] from the end of the lateral

dimension. Other two precision weights are placed one at each end of the lateral

dimension 1150 [mm] such that the cylindrical surfaces thereof contact the corrugated

fiberboard material. Here, the precision weights should be contained within a range of 0

[mm] to 60 [mm] and a range of 1090 [mm] to 1150 [mm], respectively, from the ends of

the lateral dimension.

- Step Fb: The dimension from the central portion of the lowermost layer of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material to the central portion of a sagging part in the uppermost layer is measured using a measuring tape. As the measuring tape, part number VR50K manufactured by Yamayo Measuring Tools Co., Ltd. was used.

- Step Fc: The dimension from the position of the longitudinal dimension 0 [mm] in

the lowermost layer of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material (a lower surface)

to the position of the longitudinal dimension 0 [mm] in the uppermost layer (an upper

surface) is measured using the measuring tape. Similarly, the dimension from the

position of the longitudinal dimension 1300 [mm] is measured to obtain a height A and a

height B of the end portions on both sides in the longitudinal direction.

- Step Fd: The height of the sag at the central portion was obtained by the following

Formula FII:

Height of sag= {(heights of end portions A + B) / 2} - height of central portion --

Formula FII

[0159] From the height of the sag at the central portion, the ratio of the height of

the sag at the central portion relative to the maximum height of the central portion is

calculated using Formula FIII below.

The maximum height of the central portion corresponds to the height dimension

(1800 [mm]) of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material. The ratio of the height

of the sag is rounded off from the third decimal place.

Ratio of height of sag = height of sag / maximum height of central portion x 100 --

Formula FIII

[0160] The height of the sag at the central portion (written as "length" in Table 8)

obtained in step Fd was evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: The height of the sag is 0 [cm] or larger and smaller than 10 [cm].

- B: The height of the sag is 10 [cm] or larger and smaller than 20 [cm].

- C: The height of the sag is 20 [cm] or larger and smaller than 30 [cm].

- D: The height of the sag is 30 [cm] or larger.

[0161] It was found that the height of the sag at the central portion was small when the fold lines of the first shape was 90 [%] or more and the fold lines of the second shape was 10 [%] or less among all the fold lines present in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material (when the void ratio was 10 [%] or lower). Further, it was also found that actually using this measurement corrugated fiberboard material in a box manufacturing system was less likely to lead to failures. It was found that the height of the sag at the central portion was large when the fold lines of the second shape among the total number of the fold lines present in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material exceeded 10 [%] (the void ratio exceeded 10%). Further, it was also found that actually using this measurement corrugated fiberboard material in a box manufacturing system was likely to lead to failures.

[0162] In the examples relating to Configuration F, the case where the

measurement corrugated fiberboard materials have A flute has been presented. The

thickness of the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials is not limited to A flute,

and it is expected that results similar to those of the above examples are obtained when

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material has single flute, regardless of whether it

is B flute or C flute.

[0163] <Configuration F'>

--- Measurement Target --

First, the configuration of measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples

F11 to F23 and Comparative Examples F24 to F28 relating to Configuration F' will be

described.

For the measurement corrugated fiberboard material of each of Examples F11 to F23

and Comparative Examples F24 to F28, one of the following flutes was used:

- A flute: Examples F Ito F20, F23, Comparative Examples F24 to F28

- E flute: Example F21

- AB flute: Example F22

[0164] For the front linerboard and the back linerboard of each of Examples F11

to F23 and Comparative Examples F24 to F28, one of the following part numbers "No. 1" to "No. 4" was used:

- No. 1: Examples F1Ito F16, F19 to F23, Comparative Examples F24 to F26, F28

- No. 2: Example F17

- No. 3 : Example F18

- No. 4: Example F27

[0165] The linerboard containerboard of each of part numbers "No. 1" to "No. 4"

is specifically one of the following four types:

- No. 1: basis weight 170 [g/m 2 ], part name "OFK-EM170"

- No. 2: basis weight 120 [g/m 2 ], part name "OFK-EM120"

- No. 3: basis weight 210 [g/m 2 ], part name "OFK-EM210"

- No. 4: basis weight 280 [g/m 2 ], part name "OFK-EM280"

These four types of corrugating medium containerboards are all manufactured by Oji

Materia Co., Ltd.

[0166] For the corrugating medium of each of Examples Fl to F23 and

Comparative Examples F24 to F28, the corrugating medium containerboard of one of the

following part numbers "No. 5" to "No. 10" was used:

- No. 5: Examples F Ito F16, F18, F21 to F23, Comparative Examples F24, F25,

F27

- No. 6: Example F17

- No. 7: Example F19

- No. 8: Example F20

- No. 9: Comparative Example F26

- No. 10: Comparative Example F28

[0167] For each of the corrugating medium containerboards of part numbers "No.

5" to "No. 10," one of the following three types of basis weights was adopted:

- Basis weight 160 [g/m 2 ]: No. 5, No. 7 to 9

- Basis weight 120 [g/m 2 ]: No. 6

- Basis weight 210 [g/m 2 ]: No. 10

[0168] The corrugating medium containerboards of part numbers "No. 5" to "No.

10" were created by the following creation method.

The corrugating medium containerboard of part number "No. 5" was created as a

corrugating medium containerboard composed of one layer and having a basis weight of

160 [g/m 2 ] by performing papermaking, with the following recycled corrugated

fiberboard pulp and the following recycled miscellaneous paper pulp as raw materials,

using a paper machine (a single-layer on-top former) under the following papermaking

conditions:

- Papermaking conditions of part number "No. 5"

> Blending ratio: Recycled paper pulp and recycled miscellaneous paper pulp are

blended at a ratio of 85 [mass%] to 15 [mass%].

[0169] - Recycled corrugated fiberboard pulp: Pulp slurry composed of recycled

corrugated fiberboard paper at a concentration of 3 [%] was refined by a screen, and then

the freeness was adjusted to 400 [ml] by a double-disc refiner.

- Recycled miscellaneous paper pulp: Pulp slurry composed of recycled

miscellaneous paper at a concentration of 3 [%] was refined by a screen, and then the

freeness was adjusted to 350 [ml] by a double-disc refiner.

The freeness was measured in accordance with JIS P 8121 2012 by the following

measurement device:

- Measurement device: product name "Canadian standard freeness tester" by

Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd., product number "No. 2580-A"

[0170] The corrugating medium containerboard of part number "No. 6" was

created by the same creation method as the corrugating medium containerboard of "No.

5," except that the basis weight was changed to 120 [g/m2I

The corrugating medium containerboard of part number "No. 7" was created by the

same creation method as the corrugating medium containerboard of "No. 5," except that

recycled corrugated fiberboard pulp and recycled miscellaneous paper pulp were blended

at a ratio of 40 [mass%] to 60 [mass%].

The corrugating medium containerboard of part number "No. 8" was created by the

at a ratio of 90 [mass%] to 10 [mass%].

[0171] The corrugating medium containerboard of part number "No. 9" was created as a corrugating medium containerboard composed of one layer and having a

basis weight of 160 [g/m2 ] by performing papermaking, with the following softwood

kraft pulp and the following recycled corrugated fiberboard pulp as raw materials, using a

paper machine (a single-layer on-top former) under the following papermaking

conditions:

- Papermaking conditions of part number "No. 9"

> Sizing agent: An agent named "Sizepine N-836 (manufactured by Arakawa

Chemical Industries, Ltd.)" is added at a ratio of 0.3 [parts by mass] relative to a total of

100 [parts by mass] of all the pulp of a paper layer.

> Paper strengthening agent: An agent named "PT-1001 (Arakawa Chemical

Industries, Ltd.)" is added at a ratio of 0.5 [parts by mass] relative to a total of 100 [parts

by mass] of all the pulp of the paper layer.

> Aluminum sulfate: Added at a ratio of 5 [parts by mass] relative to a total of 100

[parts by mass] of all the pulp of the paper layer

> Blending ratio: The softwood kraft pulp and the recycled corrugated fiberboard

pulp are blended at a ratio of 94 [mass%] to 9 [mass%].

[0172] - Softwood kraft pulp: Pulp slurry composed of softwood kraft pulp at a

concentration of 3 [%] was refined by a screen, and then the freeness was adjusted to 400

[ml] by a double-disc refiner.

- Recycled corrugated fiberboard pulp: the same as the recycle corrugated fiberboard

pulp already described in part number "No. 5"

The freeness is the same as the freeness already described in part number "No. 5."

The corrugating medium containerboard of part number "No. 10" was created by the same creation method as the corrugating medium containerboard of "No. 5," except that the basis weight was changed to 210 [g/m 2].

[0173] For the measurement corrugated fiberboard material of each of Examples

Fl1 to F23 and Comparative Examples F24 to F28, the following size 1 or 2 was used.

The size of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is determined by the

longitudinal dimension (in FIG. 1, the dimension LI in the CD direction), the lateral

direction (in FIG. 1, the dimension L2 in the MD direction), and the height dimension (in

FIG. 1, the dimension L3 in the TD direction).

- Size 1: longitudinal direction 1300 [mm]

lateral direction 1150 [mm]

height direction 1800 [mm]

- Size 2: longitudinal direction 650 [mm]

lateral direction 400 [mm]

height direction 900 [mm]

[0174] The total number of layers of the corrugated fiberboard sheets folded onto

one another in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material of each of Examples F11

to F23 and Comparative Examples F24 to F28 is 360, and as already described in

Configuration F, the number of the fold lines present in the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material is 359, with 179 on one side in the lateral direction and 180 on the

other side in the lateral direction.

In Examples Fl1 to F23 and Comparative Examples F24 to F28, as with

having been folded up into a rectangular parallelepiped form. Specifically, the shapes of

the fold lines were classified into the following two types and the numbers of the

respective shapes were counted:

- First shape: a shape resulting from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle only one ridge (the shape of the OK fold line)

two or more ridges (the shape of the NG fold line)

[0175] For Examples Fl to F23 and Comparative Examples F24 to F28, the

first shape and the numbers of the fold lines of the second shape as shown in Tables 9 to

11 below were used.

Examples F11 to F23 and Comparative Examples F24 to F28 have the fold lines of

the first shape and the fold lines of the second shape at the shape ratios (the first shape

ratios and the second shape ratios) as shown in Tables 9 to 11 below.

The first shape ratio is a percentage of the number of the fold lines of the first shape

(the OK fold lines) relative to the total number of the fold lines in the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material, and was calculated by Formula FI already described in

Configuration F.

The second shape ratio is a percentage of the number of the fold lines of the second

shape (the NG fold lines) relative to the total number of the fold lines in the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material, and was calculated by the following Formula Fl':

Second shape ratio = number of fold lines of second shape / total number of fold

lines --- Fl'

[0176] Further, the mean-length fiber length and the Runkel ratio shown in Tables

9 to 11 below were measured in the corrugating medium containerboard constituting a

part of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material of each of Examples F11 to F23

and Comparative Examples F24 to F28.

The Runkel ratio is a parameter representing the shape of pulp fibers composing the

corrugating medium containerboard, and is calculated by (Runkel ratio) = (two times

fiber wall thickness) / (fiber lumen diameter). A higher Runkel ratio means that the

fibers are stiffer.

The mean-length fiber length is an average value of the lengths (fiber lengths) of pulp fibers composing the corrugating medium containerboard. The mean-length fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard of each of Examples F11 to F23 and

Comparative Examples F24 to F28 was adjusted using a fiber classifier (MAX-F700,

manufactured by Aikawa Iron Works, Co., Ltd.).

[0177] The Runkel ratio and the mean-length fiber length were measured by the following steps F1 to F5:

Step F1: A 40 [cm] square was cut out from the second layer from the uppermost

layer of the corrugated fiberboard material, and this 40 [cm] square corrugatedfiberboard

sheet was used for measurement. The cutting position was the center of the width of the

corrugated fiberboard sheet. Then, the corrugated fiberboard sheet is immersed in

ion-exchanged water for 15 minutes and taken out from the ion-exchanged water.

Step F2: From the corrugated fiberboard sheet taken out in step F1, each corrugating

medium containerboard is separated from the linerboard containerboards by manually

peeling the corrugating medium containerboard so as not to tear it.

Step F3: The corrugating medium containerboard separated in step F2 is immersed

in ion-exchanged water, with the concentration adjusted to ±0.2 [%], for 24 hours. Step F4: After being immersed for 24 hours with the concentration adjusted in step

F3, the corrugating medium containerboard is defibrated for 20 minutes using a standard

defibrator (manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo, Co., Ltd.) to dissolve the pulp into

fibers.

Step F5: The slurry (pulp fibers) resulting from the defibration in step F4 was

sampled, and the Runkel ratio and the mean-length fiber length in accordance with JIS P

8226-2:2011 were measured using the following fiber length measurement machine: - Fiber length measurement machine: part number FS-5 UHD base unit,

manufactured by Valmet

[0178] [Table 9] Examples F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 Corrugating Mean-length mm 0.80 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.20 1.30 medium fiber length containerboard Runkel ratio - 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Number (first shape/second - 357/2 345/14 341/18 330/29 318/41 316/43 shape) Ratio of first shape % 99.4 96.1 95.0 91.9 88.6 88.0 Ratio of second shape % 0.6 3.9 5.0 8.1 11.4 12.0 Evaluation - A B B B B C Sag at central Length cm 4 10 14 16 20 24 portion Ratio % 0.22 0.56 0.78 0.89 1.11 1.33 Feedability Evaluation - C B B A A B

[0179] [Table 10] Examples F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 Corrugating Mean-length mm 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 medium fiber length containerboard Runkel ratio - 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 Number (first shape/second - 331/28 329/30 342/17 315/44 326/33 324/25 shape) Ratio of first shape % 92.2 91.6 95.3 87.7 90.8 93.0 Ratio of second shape % 7.8 8.4 4.7 12.3 9.2 7.0 Evaluation - B B B C B B Sag at central Length cm 18 14 15 27 17 12 portion Ratio % 1.00 0.78 0.83 1.50 0.94 0.67 Feedability Evaluation - A B B B A B

[0180] [Table 11] Example Comparative Examples F23 F24 F25 F26 F27 F28 Corrugating Mean-length mm 1.00 1.40 1.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 medium fiber length containerboard Runkel ratio - 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 Number (first shape/second - 330/29 309/50 286/73 304/55 298/61 281/78 shape) Ratio of first shape % 91.9 86.0 79.7 84.7 83.0 91.9 Ratio of second shape % 8.1 14.0 20.3 15.3 17 21.7 Evaluation - B D D D D D Sag at central Length cm 18 33 38 34 35 42 portion Ratio % 1.00 1.83 2.11 1.89 1.94 2.33 Feedability Evaluation - B C D C C D --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples F11 to F23 and

Comparative Examples F24 to F28 were evaluated on the height of the sag at the central

portion and feedability.

The height of the sag at the central portion was measured by the same steps as steps

Fa to Fd already described in Configuration F. The central portion here is the position

of 650 [mm] from the end of the longitudinal dimension 1300 [mm] in the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material of size 1. It is the position of 325 [mm] from the end of

the longitudinal dimension 650 [mm] in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material

of size 2.

[0181] From the height of the sag at the central portion, the ratio of the height of

calculated using Formula FIII already described in Configuration F.

The maximum height of the central portion corresponds to the height dimension of

that measurement corrugated fiberboard material. Specifically, it is 1800 [mm] in the

measurement corrugated fiberboard of size 1 and 900 [mm] in the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material of size 2.

The height of the sag at the central portion (written as "length" in Tables 9 to 11)

was evaluated by the same criteria as the criteria already described in Configuration F.

[0182] The "feedability is an evaluation criterion corresponding to whether the

sheet feeding stability in a box manufacturing system is good or poor.

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples F11 to F23 and

Comparative Examples F24 to F28 were applied to the following box manufacturing

system, and the feedability was evaluated by the criteria of whether the sheets were

appropriately spread out from the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and

whether stop of the box manufacturing system (also called "machine stop") occurred,

during manufacturing of boxes under the following manufacturing condition (box

manufacturing speed):

Box manufacturing system: product name "CMC CartonWrap 1000" manufactured

by CMC Machinery

Box manufacturing speed: 500 [box/hour]

Whether the sheets were appropriately spread out and whether machine stop

occurred were visually checked.

[0183] The feedability was evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: Only one sheet is lifted when the sheets are spread out from the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and no bend other than the fold line for accordion folding

occurs.

- B: A phenomenon in which two sheets, one sheet and the subsequent sheet, are

lifted at the same time occurs when the sheets are spread out from the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material, but no bend other than the fold line for accordion folding

occurs and machine stop does not occur, either.

- C: Two sheets, one sheet and the subsequent sheet, are lifted at the same time when

the sheets are spread out from the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and a

bend other than the fold line for accordion folding occurs, but no machine stop occurs.

Here, "a bend other than the fold line occurs" means that an unexpected bend occurs at a

location where no fold is originally made, such as at the central portion of the sheet.

When an unexpected bend occurs, the sheet in a state of having been manufactured into a

corrugated fiberboard box includes an unexpected bend, which may reduce the strength

of the box.

- D: Two sheets, one sheet and the subsequent sheet, are lifted at the same time when

bend other than the fold line for accordion folding occurs, and machine stops occurs due

to the bend.

[0184] In Examples Fll to F23, in which the second shape ratio is 0.5 [%] or

higher and 13.0 [%] or lower, a good evaluation of "C" or higher was obtained on both

the height of the sag at the central portion and the feedability.

Among Examples F1 Ito F23, in Examples F12 to F15, F17 to F19, and F21 to F23

in which the second shape ratio is 3.5 [%] or higher and 11.5 [%] or lower, a better evaluation of "B" or higher was obtained on both the height of the sag at the central portion and the feedability.

[0185] Meanwhile, in Comparative Examples F24 to F28, in which the second

shape ratio is higher than 13.0 [%], a poor evaluation of "D" was obtained on at least the

height of the sag at the central portion.

Among Comparative Examples F24 to F28, in Comparative Example F25 in which

the fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard is 1.6 [mm] and Comparative

Example F27 in which the basis weight of the corrugating medium containerboard is 280

[g/m2 ], a poor evaluation of "D" was obtained on both the height of the sag at the central portion and the feedability.

[0186] It is inferred that when the second shape ratio is 0.5 [%] or higher and 13.0

[%] or lower, the sag at the central portion is reduced as the dimension in the height

direction is less likely to increase in the pair of side surfaces extending along both the

longitudinal direction and the height direction of the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material, and, moreover, multi-feeding is less likely to occur as too tight contact between

the sheets stacked in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is mitigated and

sufficient air enters between the sheets.

Therefore, it can be said that when the second shape ratio is 0.5 [%] or higher and

13.0 [%] or lower, the sag occurring at the central portion can be reduced and the

feedability can be secured at the same time.

In particular, it can be said that when the second shape ratio is 3.5 [%] or higher and

11.5 [%] or lower, the sag occurring at the central portion can be prevented and the

feedability can be improved at the same time.

[0187] From Examples F11 to F16 and Comparative Examples F24 and F25 that

share the same flute and size of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, the

same basis weight of the linerboard containerboard, and the same basis weight and part

number of the corrugating medium containerboard and are different from one another in

the fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard, it can be seen that the second shape ratio tends to become lower as the value of the fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard becomes smaller, and that the second shape ratio tends to become higher as the value of the fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard becomes larger.

From Examples F11 to F16 as compared with Comparative Examples F24 and F25, it can be said that when the fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard is 0.75

[mm] or longer and 1.35 [mm] or shorter, the corrugating medium has moderate

flexibility and the NG fold line is less likely to form, resulting in a lower second shape

ratio.

On the other hand, it can be said that when the fiber length of the corrugating

medium containerboard exceeds 1.35 [mm], the corrugating medium becomes so hard

that the NG fold line is more likely to form, resulting in a higher second shape ratio.

[0188] From Examples F19 and F20 and Comparative Example F26 that share the

same flute and size of the measurement corrugated fiberboard, the same basis weight of

the linerboard containerboard, and the same basis weight and fiber length of the

corrugating medium containerboard and are different from one another in the Runkel

ratio of the corrugating medium containerboard, it can be seen that the second shape ratio

tends to become lower as the value of the Runkel ratio becomes smaller, and that the

second shape ratio tends to become higher as the value of the Runkel ratio becomes

larger.

From Examples F19 and F20 as compared with Comparative Example F26, it can be

said that when the Runkel ratio of the corrugating medium containerboard is 0.9 or higher

and 1.3 or lower, the corrugating medium has moderate flexibility and the NG fold line is

less likely to form, resulting in a lower second shape ratio.

On the other hand, it is inferred that when the Runkel ratio of the corrugating

medium containerboard is 0.9 or lower, the flexibility of the fibers increases and the

pliability of the corrugating medium increases so much that the NG fold line is more

likely to form, resulting in a higher second shape ratio.

Further, it can be said that when the Runkel ratio of the corrugating medium

containerboard exceeds 1.3, the stiffness of the fibers increases and the corrugating

medium becomes so hard that the NG fold line is more likely to form, resulting in a

higher second shape ratio.

[0189] In addition, from Examples F11 to F23 as compared with Comparative Examples F27 and F28, it can be said that when the second shape ratio is 0.5 [%] or

higher and 13.0 [%] or lower, the fiber length of the corrugating medium containerboard

is 0.75 [mm] or longer and 1.35 [mm] and the Runkel ratio is 0.9 or higher and 1.3 or

lower, and that when the basis weight range of the corrugating medium containerboard of

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material and the basis weight range of the

linerboard containerboards of the front linerboard and the back linerboard thereof are

within the following ranges, the second shape ratio tends to be 0.5 [%] or higher and 13.0

[%] or lower:

- Basis weight range of corrugating medium containerboard: 110 [g/m 2 ] or larger

and 200 [g/m 2 ] or smaller

- Basis weight range of linerboard containerboards: 110 [g/m2 ] or larger and 270

[g/m 2 ] or smaller

[0190] It is inferred that in Comparative Example F28 in which the basis weight

of the corrugating medium containerboard is 210 [g/m 2 ], the corrugating medium

containerboard is so hard that the NG fold line is more likely to form, which makes it

impossible to reduce the sag occurring at the central portion or secure the feedability.

It is inferred that in Comparative Example F27 in which the basis weight of the

linerboard containerboards is 280 [g/m2 ], the linerboards are so hard that folding up is

difficult and the NG fold line is more likely to form, which makes it impossible to reduce

the sag occurring at the central portion or secure the feedability.

[0191] In addition, from Examples F11 to F23, it can be said that when the

second shape ratio is 0.5 [%] or higher and 13.0 [%] or lower, the sag occurring at the

central portion can be reduced and the feedability can be secured at the same time, whichever flute the measurement corrugated fiberboard material has, A flute, E flute, or

AB flute, and regardless of the size of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material.

It can be said that in Example F22 having AB flute (double flute), the sheets are stiff

compared with those of Example F14 having A flute (single flute), so that the height of

the sag tends to be somewhat reduced.

It can be said that in Example F22 having E flute, the sheets are thin and highly

flexible compared with those of Example F14 having A flute, so that the height of the sag

tends to somewhat increase.

[0192] [3. Example Combining Three Configurations]

Finally, Example BCF'that combines Configurations B, C, and F'will be described.

Unless otherwise mentioned, details of a measurement target and evaluation for

Example BCF' are the same as those described above.

--- Measurement Target --

In Example BCF', a measurement corrugated fiberboard material having the

parameters listed below was evaluated as a target:

- Misalignment in end surface: 10 [mm]

- Thickness factor: maximum 1.9 [times], minimum 1.8 [times]

- Second shape ratio: 8.0 [%]

[0193] --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard material of Example BCF' was evaluated on

each of tearing of the film, transferability, the sag at the central portion, and feedability.

As a result, a good evaluation (the above-described "B" or higher) was obtained on each

of tearing of the film, transferability, the sag at the central portion, and feedability.

From the evaluation result of Example BCF', it can be seen that when

Configurations B, C, and F' are combined, evaluations corresponding to the respective

Configurations B, C, and F' remain excellent without being reduced.

Further, it is inferred that, being excellent in terms of box manufacturability, tearing

of the film, and transferability, the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is stable in quality. By extension, it is inferred that the dimensions of a box built therefrom is less likely to vary from the designed dimensions and that the dimensional stability of the box is improved.

[0194] [I-B. Second Embodiment]

In the following, a corrugated fiberboard material as a second embodiment will be

described.

In the following second embodiment, the configuration of the corrugated fiberboard

material according to the second embodiment will be described in Items [1] and [2]. In

(hereinafter referred to as a "folded-up structure") will be described. In Item [2],

parameters relating to properties used for the corrugated fiberboard material will be

described.

Elements that are the same as the elements already described in thefirst embodiment

are denoted by the same reference signs.

Workings and effects produced by the configuration of Items [1] and [2] will be

described in Item [3].

[0195] [1. Folded-up Structure]

As shown in FIG. 1 already described in the first embodiment, a corrugated

fiberboard material 1 according to the second embodiment is a box manufacturing

material having a rectangular parallelepiped form.

only some are denoted by the reference sign), and the sheets 2 folded back are stacked in

the height direction.

The folded-up structure of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 thus folded up is the

same as the folded-up structure already described in the first embodiment.

[0196] [2. Parameters]

In the following, parameters of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 will be described.

First, basic parameters such as the size and the number of layers of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 will be described. Thereafter, parameters relating to the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 will be described in detail.

[0197] [2-1. Basic Parameters]

The size of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is determined by the following

dimensions Li to L3:

- Longitudinal dimension L: a dimension in the longitudinal direction (a first

dimension)

- Height dimension L3: a dimension in the height direction (a third dimension)

The smaller these dimensions LI to L3 are, the further a box to be manufactured

preferable that the dimensions LI to L3 be within the ranges shown in the

above-described Table 2.

[0198] In addition, when the number of the fold lines F in the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 represented by N [lines], the number of the sheets 2 is N + 1

[sheets]. In this case, N + 1 [layers] sheets 2 are laid on top of one another in the

corrugated fiberboard material 1.

Examples of the number of layers in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 include

various numbers of layers, for example, 10 to 1000 [layers]. For a corrugated

all the layers when the measurement target has a number of layers smaller than a

number of layers (e.g., 100 [layers]), the parameters may be measured in some layers

(e.g., at a divided part or in a set region).

[0199] An arbitrary basis weight can be set for the sheets 2 used for the

corrugated fiberboard material 1. The range of the basis weight adopted for the sheets 2

can be a range of 50 to 1500 [g/m 2 ], preferably a range of 100 to 1000 [g/m 2 ], more

preferably a range of 200 to 800 [g/m 2 ], and further preferably a range of 200 to 600 2

[g/m ].

The weight of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is calculated by factoring in the

take-up factor of the corrugating medium in the basis weight and multiplying the

the sheets 2.

[0200] [2-2. Parameters Relating to Properties of Sheets]

The corrugated fiberboard material 1 of the second embodiment includes a

configuration relating to the properties of the sheets 2. Specifically, it includes a

predetermined configuration relating to the properties of the sheets 2 based on at least one

of Viewpoints I to VIII listed below:

- Viewpoint I: to secure box manufacturability

- Viewpoint II: to reduce breakage of a part folded when building a box

- Viewpoint III: to secure suitability for printing when it is applied

- Viewpoint V: to reduce delamination of linerboards

- Viewpoint VI: to secure the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material in

the box manufacturing system

- Viewpoint VII: to secure the feedability of the corrugated fiberboard material in the

box manufacturing system

- Viewpoint VIII: to secure the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material

to the box manufacturing system

[0201] These Viewpoints I to VIII are viewpoints for solving the following

Problems I to VIII denoted by the same ordinal numbers I to VIII:

- Problem I: that box manufacturability is insufficient

- Problem II: that a part folded when building a box tends to break

- Problem III: that suitability for printing when it is applied is insufficient

- Problem V: that delamination of linerboards tends to occur

- Problem VI: that the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material in the box

manufacturing system is low

- Problem VII: that the feedability of corrugated fiberboard material in the box

manufacturing system is low

- Problem VIII: that the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material to the

box manufacturing system is low

[0202] The predetermined configurations corresponding to the above Viewpoints

I to VIII and Problems I to VIII include at least one of Configurations a to h shown

below:

- Configuration a: the following Configurations 1 and 2

> Configuration 1: that the thickness dimension is within a predetermined

dimensional range

> Configuration 2: that the flat crush resistance is within a predetermined crush

resistance range

- Configuration b: the following Configurations 2 and 3

> Configuration 2: Configuration 2 above

> Configuration 3: that the take-up factor is within a predetermined factor range

- Configuration c: that the angular ratio is within a predetermined ratio range

- Configuration e: that the adhesive strength is within a predetermined strength range

- Configuration f: that the surface roughnesses Sa of the front and back linerboards

2a, 2b are within a predetermined roughness range

- Configuration f: the following Configurations 6 and 7

> Configuration 6: Configuration f above

> Configuration 7: that the ratio between the surface roughnesses Sa of the front and

back linerboards 2a, 2b is within a predetermined ratio range

- Configuration g: the following Configurations 8 and 9

> Configuration 8: that the slip angle of the front linerboards 2a relative to each

other is within a predetermined angular range

> Configuration 9: that the slip angle of the back linerboards 2b relative to each

other is within a predetermined angular range

[0203] <Configuration a>

As described above, Configuration a includes "Configuration 1 that the thickness

dimension is within a predetermined dimensional range" and "Configuration 2 that the

flat crush resistance is within a predetermined crush resistance range."

The "thickness dimension" of Configuration a is a parameter representing the

thickness of one sheet 2. The "flat crush resistance" of Configuration a is the resistance

of the sheet 2 when it is compressed in the thickness direction (the height direction, the

TD direction), and is a parameter corresponding to the ability of the sheet of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material to withstand crushing.

[0204] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problems I and II tend to be mitigated when the thickness dimension of the sheet 2 is

within the predetermined dimensional range and the flat crush resistance thereof is within

the predetermined crush resistance range. To put it the other way around, we have

found that Problems I and II tend to arise with the sheet 2 of which the thickness

dimension or the flat crush resistance are outside the range of Configuration a.

Thus, the sheet 2 includes Configuration a based on the above Viewpoints I and II.

[0205] It is inferred that when the thickness dimension exceeds the predetermined

dimensional range, the linerboards 2a, 2b fail to stretch enough and break while the sheet

2 is folded at scores and creases for box manufacturing, which leads to Problem II. On

the other hand, it is inferred that when the thickness dimension falls below the

predetermined dimensional range, the sheet 2 has insufficient strength and is folded at a

location other than the scores and creases for box manufacturing, which leads to Problem

I. It is inferred that also when the flat crush resistance falls below the predetermined crush resistance range, the sheet 2 has insufficient strength and is folded at a location other than the scores and creases for box manufacturing, which leads to Problem I.

Further, it is inferred that when the flat crush resistance exceeds the predetermined

crush resistance range, the scores and creases for box manufacturing are difficult to form,

which leads to Problem I.

[0206] The "predetermined dimensional range" of Configuration a is 2.0 [mm] or

larger and 9.6 [mm] or smaller, preferably 3.0 [mm] or larger and 8.0 [mm] or smaller,

and more preferably 4.0 [mm] or larger and 7.0 [mm] or smaller.

The "predetermined crush resistance range" of Configuration a is 50 [kPa] or higher

and 250 [kPa] or lower, preferably 80 [kPa] or higher and 220 [kPa] or lower, and more

preferably 110 [kPa] or higher and 190 [kPa] or lower.

[0207] <Configuration b>

Configuration b includes "Configuration 2 that the flat crush resistance is within a

predetermined crush resistance range," which is the same as in Configuration a, and

"Configuration 3 that the take-up factor is within a predetermined factor range."

The "take-up factor" of Configuration b is a parameter representing a multiplying

factor of the length dimension of the corrugating medium in the MD direction (the lateral

direction) relative to that of the linerboards.

[0208] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem I tends to be mitigated when the flat crush resistance of the sheet 2 is within the

predetermined crush resistance range and the take-up factor thereof is within the

predetermined factor range. To put it the other way around, we have found that Problem

I tends to arise with the sheet 2 of which the flat crush resistance or the take-up factor is

outside the range of Configuration b.

Thus, the sheet 2 includes Configuration b based on the above Viewpoint I.

[0209] As described above, it is inferred that when the flat crush resistance falls

below the predetermined crush resistance range, Problem I arises due to the sheet 2

having insufficient strength. On the other hand, it is inferred that when the flat crush resistance exceeds the predetermined crush resistance range, Problem I arises due to the scores and creases for box manufacturing being difficult to form.

Similarly, it is inferred that when the take-up factor falls below the predetermined

factor, Problem I arises due to the sheet 2 having insufficient strength. On the other

hand, it is inferred that when the take-up factor exceeds the predetermined factor,

Problem I arises due to the scores and creases for box manufacturing being difficult to

form.

[0210] As with the "predetermined crush resistance range" of Configuration a, the

"predetermined crush resistance range" of Configuration b is 50 [kPa] or higher and 250

[kPa] or lower, preferably 80 [kPa] or higher and 220 [kPa] or lower, and more preferably

110 [kPa] or higher and 190 [kPa] or lower.

The "predetermined factor range" of Configuration b is 1.2 [times] or higher and 1.7

[times] or lower, preferably 1.35 [times] or higher and 1.6 [times] or lower, and more

preferably 1.45 [times] or higher and 1.55 [times] or lower.

[0211] The factor range of the take-up factor here can be applied not only when

the sheet 2 has single flute but also when the sheet 2 has double flute. Specifically, the

take-up factor of the corrugating medium in any type of double flute is 1.2 [times] or

higher and 1.7 [times] or lower, preferably 1.35 [times] or higher and 1.6 [times] or lower,

and more preferably 1.45 [times] or higher and 1.55 [times] or lower. The take-up

factor of double flute here is a take-up factor calculated for each of the layers (the layers

corresponding respectively to one flute and the other flute in double flute).

[0212] <Configuration c>

As described above, Configuration c includes "the configuration that the angular

ratio is within a predetermined ratio range."

The "angular ratio" of Configuration c is a parameter corresponding to the degree of

inclination of waves 10 in the sheet 2 of the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

In the following, the angular ratio will be described with reference to FIG. 9 that

shows a main part of the sheet 2 on an enlarged scale. A state where the waves 10 of the sheet 2 are somewhat inclined is illustrated in FIG. 9.

[0213] The sheet 2 has a structure in which the front and back linerboards 2a, 2b

and the corrugating medium 2c are bonded together. The corrugating medium 2c

constitutes the waves 10 and forms a wavy structure between the linerboards 2a, 2b.

When the corrugating medium 2c is in its ideal shape, the shape of a cross-section

thereof along the lateral direction and the height direction (i.e., the waves 10) is a

sinusoidal shape. In the actual sheet 2, however, the waves 10 formed by the

corrugating medium 2c are sometimes inclined relatively to the ideal shape. The

angular ratio represents the degree of this inclination.

[0214] The angular ratio is a ratio calculated based on angles 01, 02 at which the

corrugating medium 2c and a guideline L intersect each other (intersection angles).

The guideline L is set as an imaginary line that is oriented in a direction parallel to

the linerboards 2a, 2b (i.e., the lateral direction <the MD direction>) and passes through a

center between the linerboards 2a, 2b (i.e., a middle in the height direction <the TD

direction>).

The angles 01, 02 are acute angles among intersection angles at two adjacent points

P1, P2 among points at which the corrugating medium 2c intersects the guideline L.

[0215] The angular ratio is a ratio obtained by dividing the absolute value of the

difference between the two angles 01, 02 by the sum of the two angles 01, 02. The

angular ratio is expressed by the following Formula c:

Angular ratio =|01 - 021 / (01 +02) ... Formula c

The angular ratio thus specified is zero in ideal waves 10 and assumes a larger value

as the waves 10 slant further.

[0216] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem III tends to be mitigated when the angular ratio of the sheet 2 is within the

predetermined ratio range. To put it the other way around, we have found that Problem

III tends to arise with the sheet 2 in which the angular ratio is outside the range of

Configuration c.

Thus, the sheet 2 includes Configuration c based on the above Viewpoint III.

It is inferred that when the angular ratio exceeds the predetermined ratio range, the

heights of the waves 10 in the sheet 2 are likely to be uneven, which leads to Problem III.

The "predetermined ratio range" of Configuration c is 0.30 or lower, preferably 0.15

or lower, and more preferably 0.05 or lower.

[0217] <Configuration e>

As described above, Configuration e includes "the configuration that the adhesive

strength is within a predetermined strength range."

The "adhesive strength" of Configuration e is a parameter corresponding to the

strength with which the corrugating medium 2c and the linerboards 2a, 2b of the sheet 2

are bonded together.

The "adhesive strength" here means an average value of adhesive strength between

the corrugating medium 2c and the front linerboard 2a (adhesive strength on a glue

machine side) and adhesive strength between the corrugating medium 2c and the back

linerboard 2b (adhesive strength on a single facer side).

[0218] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem V tends to be mitigated when the adhesive strength of the sheet 2 is within the

predetermined strength range. To put it the other way around, we have found that

Problem V tends to arise with the sheet 2 in which the adhesive strength is outside the

range of Configuration e.

Thus, the sheet 2 includes Configuration e based on the above Viewpoint V.

It is inferred that when the adhesive strength falls below the predetermined strength

range, the linerboards 2a, 2b are likely to delaminate from the corrugating medium 2c

while the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is manufactured into a box, which leads to

Problem V.

The "predetermined strength range" of Configuration e is 140 [N] or higher,

preferably 190 [N] or higher, and more preferably 220 [N] or higher.

[0219] <Configuration f>

As described above, Configuration f includes "the configuration that surface

roughnesses Sa of the front and back linerboards 2a, 2b are within a predetermined

roughness range."

The "surface roughness Sa" of Configuration f is a parameter corresponding to the

asperity of the surface of each of the front linerboard 2a and the back linerboard 2b, and

is arithmetic average surface roughness Sa in accordance with IS025178.

[0220] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem VI tends to be mitigated with the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including

Configuration f. To put it the other way around, we have found that Problem VI tends to

arise when the roughness Sa is outside the range of Configuration f.

above Viewpoint VI.

[0221] When the corrugated fiberboard material 1is used as a material in a box

manufacturing system, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is developed from the

folded-up state and spread out in the feeding process of the box manufacturing system,

and then is transferred toward a downstream side in the flow direction by nip rolls

provided on a transfer path. The nip rolls send out the corrugated fiberboard material 1

toward the downstream side while squeezing it from both sides in the thickness direction

of the sheet 2 (the TD direction) with a predetermined pressure.

Therefore, it is presumed that when the surface roughness Sa of each of the front and

back linerboards is outside the predetermined roughness range, the posture of the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 being squeezed by the nip rolls becomes unstable and so

it does also on the transfer path, so that the corrugated fiberboard material 1 tends to be

transferred so as to meander relatively to the flow direction, which leads to Problem VI.

[0222] The "predetermined roughness range" of Configuration f is 5.0 [pm] or

higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower, preferably 5.5 [pm] or higher and 19.5 [pm] or lower, and

more preferably 6.0 [pm] or higher and 19.0 [pm] or lower.

[0223] When the difference between the roughness Sa of the front linerboard and the roughness Sa of the back linerboard is large, the difference between a contact state on one side in the TD direction and a contact state on the other side in the TD direction becomes large and the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is likely to shift in posture, which tends to impair the transferability by the nip rolls.

Therefore, it is preferable that the measurement corrugated fiberboard material including Configuration f include "the configuration that the ratio between the surface

roughnesses Sa of the front and back linerboards 2a, 2b is equal to or lower than a

predetermined ratio." Here, "the ratio between the surface roughnesses Sa" is the ratio

of the surface roughness Sa of the back linerboard 2b relative to the surface roughness Sa

of the front linerboard 2a (the surface roughness Sa of the back linerboard 2b / the surface

roughness Sa of the front linerboard 2a). It is inferred that the above Problem VI arises

due to the ratio of the roughness Sa of the back linerboard relative to the roughness Sa of

the front linerboard being higher than the predetermined ratio.

The above "predetermined ratio" is 3.0 or lower, more preferably 2.0 or lower, and

may be 1.5 or lower.

[0224] <Configuration f>

As described above, Configuration f includes "Configuration 6 that the surface

roughness range" and "Configuration 7 that the ratio between the surface roughnesses Sa

of the front and back linerboards 2a, 2b is within a predetermined ratio range," which are

the same as in Configuration f.

As with the "surface roughness Sa" already described in Configuration f, the "surface roughness Sa" of Configuration 6 is a parameter corresponding to the asperity of

the surface of each of the front linerboard 2a and the back linerboard 2b, and is arithmetic

average surface roughness Sa in accordance with IS025178.

[0225] Specifically, this asperity occurs due to the shape of fluting of the

corrugating medium appearing in the surface of each of the front linerboard 2a and the

back linerboard 2b. That "the shape of fluting of the corrugating medium appears" means that bonded portions (flute tips of the corrugating medium) and non-bonded portions between the corrugating medium and the linerboard appear in the surface of each of the front linerboard 2a and the back linerboard 2b as streaks of recesses and protrusions.

As with the "ratio between the surface roughnesses Sa" already described in

Configuration f, the "ratio between the surface roughnesses Sa" of Configuration 7 is the

ratio of the surface roughness Sa of the back linerboard 2b relative to the surface

roughness Sa of the front linerboard 2a (the surface roughness Sa of the back linerboard

2b / the surface roughness Sa of the front linerboard 2a).

[0226] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problems VI and VII tend to be mitigated with the corrugated fiberboard material 1

including Configurations 6 and 7. To put it the other way around, we have found that at

least one of Problems VI and VII tends to arise with the corrugated fiberboard material 1

that is outside the range of at least one of Configurations 6 and 7.

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configurations 6 and 7 based on

the above Viewpoints VI and VII.

[0227] When the corrugated fiberboard material 1is used as a material in a box

manufacturing system, securing the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1

by nip rolls provided in the box manufacturing system requires maintaining a sufficient

frictional force between the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and the nip rolls. To

maintain this frictional force, it is important to secure an area of contact between the nip

rolls and the corrugated fiberboard material 1 other than the coefficient of friction of the

linerboards constituting parts of the corrugated fiberboard material 1, and to control the

amount of air caught between the nip rolls and the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

[0228] To improve the transferability by controlling the area of contact and the

amount of air to desired states, the predetermined roughness range and the predetermined

ratio range are specified as parameters corresponding to the asperity of the surface.

When the surface roughness Sa of at least one of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is outside the predetermined roughness range, as already described in

Configuration f, the posture of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 being squeezed

between the nip rolls becomes unstable and so it does also on the transfer path, so that the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 is transferred so as to meander relatively to the flow

direction, which tends to lead to Problem VI.

[0229] When the ratio between the roughness Sa of the front linerboard and the

roughness Sa of the back linerboard is higher than the predetermined ratio range, as

already described in Configuration f, the difference between the contact state on one side

in the TD direction and the contact state on the other side in the TD direction becomes

large, so that the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is likely to shift in posture and the

transferability by the nip rolls is thereby impaired, which tends to lead to the above

Problem VI.

[0230] When the ratio between the roughness Sa of the front linerboard and the

roughness Sa of the back linerboard is lower than the predetermined ratio range, as the

value of the fiber width of the front linerboard and the back linerboard becomes smaller, a

grip force occurring between the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and the nip rolls

becomes smaller, so that slip becomes more likely to occur and the transferability by the

nip rolls is thereby impaired, which tends to lead to the above Problem VI.

When the ratio between the roughness Sa of the front linerboard and the roughness

Sa of the back linerboard is lower than the predetermined ratio range, as the fiber width

of the front linerboard and the back linerboard becomes larger, the grip force occurring

between the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and the nip rolls becomes larger, so that slip become less likely to occur and the transferability by the nip rolls is thereby impaired,

which tends to lead to the above Problem VI.

[0231] Further, when the stacked sheets 2 of the corrugated fiberboard material 1

contact each other too tightly, air between the sheets 2 is reduced and the sheets 2 may

become difficult to separate from each other. In this case, when the sheets 2 are spread

out in the feeding process of the box manufacturing system, two sheets may be lifted at the same time and spread out without being sufficiently developed ("multi-feeding").

When multi-feeding of the sheets 2 occurs, the sheets fail to be appropriately spread out

from the corrugated fiberboard material 1, which tends to impair the sheet feeding

stability (reduce the feedability, lead to the above Problem VII).

Thus, when the surface roughness Sa of at least one of the front linerboard and the

back linerboard is lower than the predetermined roughness range, the sheets 2 tend to

tightly contact each other and the sheets fail to be appropriately spread out from the

corrugated fiberboard material 1, which tends to lead to the above Problem VII.

[0232] The "predetermined roughness range" of Configuration f is 5.0 [pm] or

higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower, preferably 7.0 [pm] or higher and 19.0 [pm] or lower, and

more preferably 10.0 [pm] or higher and 18.0 [pm] or lower.

The "predetermined ratio range" of Configuration f is 1.5 or higher and 3.0 or lower,

preferably 1.5 or higher and 2.5 or lower, and more preferably 1.5 or higher and 2.0 or

lower. The lower limit of the predetermined ratio range specifies that the roughness Sa

of the back linerboard is higher than the roughness Sa of the front linerboard.

[0233] <Configuration g>

As described above, Configuration g includes "Configuration 8 that the slip angle of

the front linerboards 2a relative to each other is within a predetermined angular range"

and "Configuration 9 that the slip angle of the back linerboards 2b relative to each other

is within a predetermined angular range."

The "slip angle" of Configuration g is a parameter corresponding to the

transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1in a form in which the sheets 2

have been stacked in accordion folding (an accordion-folded form).

[0234] The "slip angle of the front linerboards 2a relative to each other" of

Configuration 8 is the slip angle in the lateral direction when the sheets 2 that are not

continuous with each other are stacked such that the front linerboards 2a of the sheets 2

contact each other. The "slip angle of the back linerboards 2b" of Configuration 9 is the

slip angle in a direction corresponding to the lateral direction when the sheets 2 that are not continuous with each other are stacked such that the back linerboards 2b of the sheets

2 contact each other. In the case of ordinary separate leaves of corrugated fiberboard

sheets, the corrugated fiberboard sheets are stacked such that the front linerboard and the

back linerboard contact each other. The structure in which one front linerboard 2a is

stacked on another front linerboard 2a and one back linerboard 2b is stacked on another

back linerboard 2b can be said to be a structure peculiar to the corrugated fiberboard

material 1 in which the continuous rectangular sheets 2 are accordion-folded.

In the corrugated fiberboard material 1 in an accordion-folded form, layers in which

the sheets 2 that are continuous with each other through the fold line F are stacked such

that the front linerboards 2a of these sheets 2 contact each other, and layers in which the

sheets 2 that are continuous with each other through the fold line F are stacked such that

the back linerboards 2b of these sheets 2 contact each other are alternately stacked along

the height direction.

Therefore, Configuration 8 and Configuration 9 are specified in Configuration g,

with the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 in an accordion-folded

form taken into account.

[0235] The inventors of the present application have found that the above

Problem VIII tends to be mitigated with the corrugated fiberboard material 1 including

Configuration 8 and Configuration 9. To put it the other way around, we have found

that Problem VIII tends to arise with the corrugated fiberboard material 1 that is outside

the ranges of Configurations 8 and 9.

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 includes Configuration g consisting of

Configuration 8 and Configuration 9 based on the above Viewpoint VIII.

[0236] When the slip angle of the front linerboards 2a relative to each other and

the slip angle of the back linerboards 2b relative to each other are smaller, the sheets 2 are

more likely to become misaligned due to vibration or shock during transfer and the load

form does not stabilize, which makes it also difficult to secure the stability during transfer

to the box manufacturing system by a forklift, for example. Therefore, it is presumed that the above Problem VIII arises when the slip angles fall below the predetermined angular range.

When the slip angle of the front linerboards 2a relative to each other and the slip

angle of the back linerboards 2b relative to each other are larger, the corrugated

fiberboard material is less likely to slip and the feedability is secured, while conversely

load collapsing may be more likely to occur as misalignment of the sheets 2 is less likely

to be tolerated. Therefore, it is presumed that Problem VIII arises when the slip angles

exceed the predetermined angular range.

[0237] The predetermined angular range of each of the slip angle of the front

linerboards 2a in Configuration 8 and the back linerboards 2b in Configuration 9 is 17 [°]

or larger and 30 [°] or smaller, preferably 18 [°] or larger and 29 [°] or smaller, and more

preferably 19 [] or larger and 28 [] or smaller.

[0238] [3. Workings and Effects]

By including at least one of the above Configurations a to h, the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 of this embodiment can be manufactured into a box in a good state

when used as a box manufacturing material.

According to Configuration a, the thickness dimension of the sheet 2 is within the

predetermined dimensional range and the flat crush resistance thereof is within the

predetermined crush resistance range, so that the box manufacturability of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 can be secured and breakage of a part folded when building a box

can be reduced.

According to Configuration b, the flat crush resistance of the sheet 2 is within the

predetermined factor range, so that the box manufacturability of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 can be secured.

According to Configuration c, the angular ratio of the sheet 2 is within the

predetermined ratio range, so that the suitability of the corrugated fiberboard material 1

for printing when it is applied can be secured.

According to Configuration e, the adhesive strength of the sheet 2 is within the

predetermined strength range, so that delamination of the linerboards 2a, 2b in a box built

from the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be reduced.

According to Configuration f, the surface roughnesses Sa of the front and back

linerboards 2a, 2b are within the predetermined roughness range, so that the

transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material in the box manufacturing system can

be improved.

According to Configuration f, the surface roughnesses Sa of the front and back

linerboards 2a, 2b are within the predetermined roughness range and the ratio between

the surface roughnesses Sa of the front and back linerboards 2a, 2b is within the

predetermined ratio range, so that both the transferabiliy and the feedability of the

corrugated fiberboard material in the box manufacturing system can be improved.

According to Configuration g, the slip angle of the front linerboard 2a is within the

predetermined angular range and the slip angle of the back linerboard 2b is within the

predetermined angular range, so that the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard

material to the box manufacturing system can be improved.

Example 2

[0239] [II-B. Examples]

In the following, the second embodiment of the present invention will be specifically

described by presenting examples and comparative examples. However, the present

invention is not limited to the following examples.

In this item [II-B], matters common to examples and comparative examples of

Configurations a to h according to the second embodiment will be described in Item [1],

and examples and comparative examples corresponding to each of Configurations a to h

will be described in Item [2]. Further, an example combining three of Configurations a

to h will be described in Item [3].

[0240] [1. Common Matters]

[1-1. Matters Common to Configurations a to c and e]

In examples and comparative examples of Configurations a to c and e, corrugated

fiberboard materials of which parameters are to be measured (hereinafter referred to as "measurement corrugated fiberboard materials") are sheets of single-wall corrugated

fiberboards.

Each measurement corrugated fiberboard material has the following size:

- Size: longitudinal dimension 1300 [mm],

lateral dimension 1150 [mm],

height dimension 1800 [mm]

[0241] [1-2. Matters Common to Configurations f and f]

The measurement corrugated fiberboard material in each of examples and

comparative examples of Configurations f and f has the following size:

- Size: longitudinal dimension 1300 [mm],

lateral dimension 1100 [mm],

height dimension 1800 [mm]

For the measurement corrugated fiberboard material of each of the examples and the

comparative examples of Configurations f and f, one of the following five types of flutes

was adopted:

- A flute

- B flute

- C flute

- AB flute

- AC flute

[0242] The measurement corrugated fiberboard material in each of the examples

and the comparative examples of Configurations f and f was manufactured using a

corrugator having a take-up roll of the specifications shown below:

> A flute

- Flute height: 4.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: 34 [ridge/30 cm]

> B flute

- Flute height: 2.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: 50 [ridge/30 cm]

> C flute - Flute height: 3.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: 40 [ridge/30 cm]

> AB flute

A flute --

- Flute height: 4.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: 34 [ridge/30 cm]

B flute --

- Flute height: 2.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: 50 [ridge/30 cm]

> AC flute

A flute --

- Flute height: 4.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: 34 [ridge/30 cm]

C flute --

- Flute height: 3.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: 40 [ridge/30 cm]

The "number of flute ridges" corresponds to the number of ridges (flutes) per 30

[cm] in the sheet, and corresponds to a numerical value obtained by dividing 30 [cm] by

the wavelength of the fluting.

[0243] [1-3. Matters Common to Configurations a to g]

--- Pre-treatment --

Each measurement corrugated fiberboard material or a part thereof of which the

parameters were to be measured was put into a normal state of having undergone a

24-hour or longer pre-treatment under temperature and humidity conditions with the

temperature being 23 [°C] and the humidity being 50 [%] in accordance with JIS Z2030:2000, before each parameter was measured.

In addition, as a corrugated fiberboard adhesive that bonds the linerboard

starch glue of one-tank system was used. The measurement corrugated fiberboard

materials were manufactured using a corrugator having a take-up roll.

--- Evaluation --

Each of the examples and the comparative examples to be described in detail later in

the next Item [2] was evaluated on a scale of four: "A," "B," "C," and "D."

[0244] [2. Configurations a to g]

--- Measurement Target --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials used in Examples al to a6 and

Comparative Examples a7 to a9 relating to Configuration a were manufactured using a

corrugator having a take-up roll with a number of flute ridges of 34 [ridge/30 cm]. The "number of flute ridges" corresponds to the number of ridges (flutes) per 30 [cm] in the

sheet and corresponds to a numerical value obtained by dividing 30 cm by the

wavelength of the fluting.

[0245] In the following, the type of flute, the flute height of the take-up roll, and

the basis weights of the containerboards relating to Examples al to a6 and Comparative

Examples a7 to a9 will be described.

For each of Examples al to a6 and Comparative Examples a7 to a9, one of single

flute and double flute was adopted as shown below:

- Single flute: Examples al to a3, a5, a6 and Comparative Examples a8, a9

- Double flute: Example a4 and Comparative Example a7

[0246] Examples al to a6 and Comparative Examples a7 to a9 were

manufactured using a take-up roll set to one of the five types of flute heights as listed below. The "flute height" is a dimension that corresponds to the height of the flutes in the sheet of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material and corresponds to the amplitude of the fluting.

- Flute height 0.5 [mm] Comparative Example a9

- Flute height 1.5 [mm] Example al

- Flute height 3.1 [mm] Example a2

- Flute height 4.5 [mm] Examples a3 to a6, Comparative Example a8

- Flute height 4.7 [mm] Comparative Example a7

[0247] In Examples al to a6 and Comparative Examples a7 to a9, the same

linerboard containerboard shown below was used:

- Linerboard containerboard: 160 [g/m 2 ] [MC160 manufactured by Oji Materia Co.,

Ltd.]

On the other hand, in Examples al to a6 and Comparative Examples a7 to a9,

corrugating medium containerboards having various basis weights that were produced by

the manufacturing method of Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.

2018-162526 (JP 2018-162526 A) were used. Specifically, one of the five types of basis

weights shown below was adopted for each of Examples al to a6 and Comparative

Examples a7 to a9. The basis weights listed here are the basis weight of the

containerboard constituting the material (raw material) of the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material.

- Basis weight (of corrugating medium containerboard) 60 [g/m 2 ]: Comparative

Example a8

- Basis weight (of corrugating medium containerboard) 80 [g/m2 ]: Example a6

- Basis weight (of corrugating medium containerboard) 170 [g/m2 ]: Example a5

- Basis weight (of corrugating medium containerboard) 250 [g/m 2 ]: Examples al to

a4, Comparative Example a9

- Basis weight (of corrugating medium containerboard) 320 [g/m 2 ]: Comparative

Example a7

[0248] The basis weights of the containerboards (the linerboard containerboards

and the corrugating medium containerboard) constituting the material of the sheet of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material were measured by the following steps xa to

xd:

- Step xa: A pre-treatment is performed in accordance with JIS Z0203:2000 on the

containerboard of which the basis weight is to be measured.

- Step xb: The containerboard is cut into a size of 250 [mm] x 400 [mm].

- Step xc: The weight of the containerboard cut in step xb is measured with an

electronic balance.

- Step xd: The weight measured in step xc is converted into a weight per unit square

meter [g/m2I

[0249] The basis weight of the linerboard (containerboard) constituting a part of

the sheet of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is measured by the following

steps ya to yf:

- Step ya: The sheet of the corrugated fiberboard material is immersed in tap water

for 15 [minutes].

- Step yb: The linerboard and the corrugating medium of the sheet immersed in step

ya are manually peeled off.

- Step yc: The linerboard peeled off in step yb is dried for 20 [minutes] by a dryer at

105 [°C].

-Step yd: The linerboard dried in step yc is cut into a size of 250 [mm] x 400 [mm].

- Step ye: The weight of the linerboard cut in step yd is measured using an electronic

balance.

- Step yf: The weight measured in step ye is converted into a weight per unit square

meter [g/m2I

[0250] The basis weight of the corrugating medium (containerboard) constituting

a part of the sheet of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is measured by the

following steps za to zg:

- Step za: The sheet of the corrugated fiberboard material is immersed in tap water

for 15 [minutes].

- Step zb: The linerboard and the corrugating medium of the sheet immersed in step

za are manually peeled off.

- Step zc: The linerboard peeled off in step zb is dried for 20 [minutes] by a dryer at

105 [°C]. -Step zd: A pre-treatment is performed in accordance with JIS Z0203:2000 on the

containerboard of which the basis weight is to be measured.

-Step ze: The linerboard is cut into a size of 250 [mm] x 400 [mm]. When the wavy structure remains, the linerboard is cut into this size while the waves are stretched

and pressed.

- Step zf: The weight of the linerboard cut in step ze is measured with an electronic

balance.

- Step zg: The weight measured in step zf is converted into a weight per unit square

meter [g/m2I

[0251] In addition, as for the basis weights of the linerboards and the corrugating

medium constituting the sheet of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material to be

measured, even when the same containerboard is measured as a target, the measurement

values of the basis weight can vary about ±10 [%] from the basis weight of the containerboard constituting the material of the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material.

The thickness dimensions and the flat crush resistances shown in Table 12 below

were measured in the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials.

[0252] [Table 12]

ExamplesComparative Examples a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 Thickness dimension [mm] 2.1 3.7 5.1 9.6 5.1 5.1 10.5 5.1 1.0 Flat crush resistance [kpa] 249 240 235 237 170 55 302 40 255 Box manufacturability (evaluation) C C C B A C D D D Cracks (evaluation) A A B C B B D B A

[0253] The "thickness dimension" is a parameter corresponding to the thickness

of one sheet in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material. The thickness

dimension was measured by the following steps aa to ad:

- Step aa: When the total number of layers M in the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material is an odd number, the sheets corresponding to upper five layers and

lower five layers with reference to a layer of M / 2, half the number of layers rounded off

(i.e., the middle layer), are taken as samples. When taking test pieces as samples,

attention was paid so as not to crush the flutes. When the total number of layers M is an

even number, the sheets corresponding to upper five layers and lower five layers with

reference to [(M / 2) + 1], half the number of layers, are taken as samples.

- Step ab: From the ten sheets taken as samples in step aa, test pieces are cut out into

squares with a size of 5 [cm] x 5 [cm].

- Step ac: The thickness of each test piece cut out in step ab is measured using the

following reference standard, measurement instrument, and measurement conditions.

> Reference standard: JCS T0004:2000

> Measurement instrument: thickness gauge (model number K470101K

manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation)

> Measurement conditions: diameter of plunger 16 [mm], load 3923 [mN]

- Step ad: An average value of the thicknesses measured in step ac, from which

numerical values that can constitute a disturbance (factor) that reduces the accuracy of the

measurement result (so to speak, numerical values that deviate significantly) were

excluded, was determined as the thickness dimension.

In "excluding numerical values that can constitute a disturbance" in step ad, the

numerical values measured in step ac are used as a population, and numerical values that

are not within ±3 of the standard deviation of the population are excluded.

[0254] The "flat crush resistance" is a parameter corresponding to the ability of

the sheet of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material to withstand crushing. The

flat crush resistance was measured by the following steps aA to aD:

- Step aA: As in step aa, when the total number of layers M in the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material is an odd number, the sheets corresponding to upper five

layers and lower five layers with reference to a layer of M / 2, half the number of layers

rounded off (i.e., the middle layer), are taken as samples. When taking test pieces as

samples, attention was paid so as not to crush the flutes. When the total number of

layers M is an even number, the sheets corresponding to upper five layers and lower five

layers with reference to [(M / 2) + 1], half the number of layers, are taken as samples.

- Step aB: From the ten sheets taken as samples in step aA, circular test pieces with a

diameter of 6.4 [cm] are cut out.

- Step aC: The flat crush resistance of each test piece cut out in step aB is measured

using the following reference standard, measurement instrument, and measurement

conditions of test speed and parallelism. The parallelism represents a degree to which

an upper part and a lower part of a jig for flat compression are parallel to each other.

> Reference standard: JIS Z 0403-1:1999

> Measurement instrument: a compression tester (RTF1350 manufactured by A&D

Company, Limited) on which a jig for flat compression (manufactured by Tester Sangyo

Co., Ltd.) is mounted

> Test speed (measurement condition): 12.5 ±2.5 [m/min]

> Parallelism (measurement condition): 1/1000 of a compression dimension or lower

- Step aD: As in step ad described above, an average value of the flat crush

resistances measured in step aC, from which numerical values that can constitute a

disturbance (factor) that reduces the accuracy of the measurement result were excluded,

was determined as the flat crush resistance.

[0255] --- Evaluation --

Examples al to a6 and Comparative Examples a7 to a9 of which each of the

thickness dimension and the flat crush resistance was measured as described above were

evaluated on box manufacturability and cracks to be described next.

The "box manufacturability" is an evaluation criterion corresponding to whether the accuracy of a box into which a corrugated fiberboard piece cut out along a cutting line crossing the fold line of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material (hereinafter referred to as an "evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece") is built by manual building (by hand) is good or poor. As a method of manual building, a box was manufactured by folding the cut corrugated fiberboard piece at the locations of predetermined scores and creases and bonding it with a hot-melt adhesive.

The technique of building an evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece by a box

manufacturing system is the same for manual building and for building by a box

manufacturing system. Therefore, it can be said that the box manufacturability of an

evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece built by manual building is correlated with the box

manufacturability of an evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece built by a box

manufacturing system.

[0256] The "evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces" are the following number of

Engineering Co., Ltd.):

- Shape: a developed pattern of an RSC corrugated fiberboard box

- Size: a width dimension of a side panel of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box:

356 [mm],

a width dimension of an end panel of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box:

159 [mm],

a height dimension of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box: 256 [mm]

- Number of sheets: 100 [sheets]

[0257] These evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces were evaluated by the

following criteria:

manufacturability.

- B: One to two [sheets] among the 100 evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces have poor box manufacturability.

box manufacturability.

have poor box manufacturability.

In Example a4 in which an evaluation of "B" was obtained on the box

manufacturability, two [sheets] had poor box manufacturability.

[0258] Having "good box manufacturability" here means that the distance

fiberboard piece is shorter than a predetermined distance dimension:

other than the fold lines) is provided

manufacturing)

The "predetermined distance dimension" is 2.0 [mm] for the dimension in a

direction perpendicular to the fold line of the evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece (the

MD direction) and 5 [mm] for the dimension parallel to the fold line (the CD direction).

On the other hand, having "poor box manufacturability" means that the distance

is equal to or larger than the predetermined distance dimension.

[0259] The "cracks" mean that an area folded when building the evaluation

corrugated fiberboard piece into a box has a breakage. The cracks were observed by

viewing the box on which the box manufacturability has been evaluated (i.e., the box into

which the evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece has been built; hereinafter referred to as

an "evaluation box").

The cracks were evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: No cracks were found in any of the evaluation boxes (100 [boxes]).

- B: Cracks were found in one to two [boxes] among the 100 evaluation boxes.

- C: Cracks were found in three [boxes] among the 100 evaluation boxes.

- D: Cracks were found in four or more [boxes] among the 100 evaluation boxes.

In Examples a3, a5, a6 and Comparative Example a8 in which an evaluation of "B"

was obtained on the cracks, cracks were found in one [box] in Examples a3, a5, and a6

and cracks were found in two [boxes] in Comparative Example a8.

[0260] In Examples al to a6, in which the thickness dimension is 2.0 [mm] or

larger and 9.6 [mm] or smaller and the flat crush resistance is 50 [kPa] or higher and 250

[kPa] or lower, a good evaluation of at least "C" or higher was obtained on both the box

manufacturability and the cracks.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Examples a7 and a9 in which the thickness dimension is

outside the range of 2.0 to 9.6 [mm] and Comparative Examples a7 to a9 in which the flat

crush resistance is outside the range of 50 to 250 [kPa], a poor evaluation of "D" was

obtained on the box manufacturability. Further, in Comparative Example a7 in which

the thickness dimension is larger than 9.6 [mm], the evaluation on the cracks is also a

poor evaluation of "D."

[0261] From Comparative Example a7, it is inferred that when the thickness

dimension is larger than 9.6 [mm], the linerboard containerboards fail to stretch enough

and break while the sheet is folded along the scores and creases for box manufacturing,

resulting in a poor evaluation on the cracks.

From Comparative Example a7, it is also inferred that when the flat crush resistance

is higher than 250 [kPa], the scores and creases for box manufacturing are difficult to

form (due to the reduced formability of the scores and creases) and the sheet is folded at a

location other than the scores and creases for box manufacturing, resulting in a poor

evaluation on the box manufacturability.

[0262] From Comparative Example a8, it is inferred that when the flat crush

resistance is lower than 50 [kPa], the evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece has

insufficient bending strength and is likely to be folded at a location other than the scores

and creases for box manufacturing, resulting in a poor evaluation on the box manufacturability.

Similarly, from Comparative Example a9, it is inferred that when the thickness

dimension is smaller than 2.0 [mm], the evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece has

and creases for box manufacturing, resulting in a poor evaluation on the box

manufacturability.

[0263] From Examples al to a6 as compared with Comparative Examples a7 to

a9, it is inferred that occurrence of cracks is further reduced when the thickness

dimension is smaller within the range of 9.6 [mm] or smaller. On the other hand, it is

inferred that folding at a location other than the scores and creases for box manufacturing

is further reduced when the thickness dimension is larger within the range of 2.0 [mm] or

larger.

From Examples al to a6, it is also inferred that when the flat crush resistance is 250

[kPa] or lower, defects of the scores and creases formed for box manufacturing are

reduced. On the other hand, it is inferred that when the flat crush resistance is 50 [kPa]

or higher, the bending strength of the evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece is secured

and folding at a location other than the scores and creases for box manufacturing is

reduced.

Therefore, it can be said that the box manufacturability is secured and the cracks are

reduced at the same time when the thickness dimension is 2.0 [mm] or larger and 9.6

[mm] or smaller and the flat crush resistance is 50 [kPa] or higher and 250 [kPa] or lower.

[0264] <Configuration b>

--- Measurement Target --

For the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials used in Examples bl to b3 and

Comparative Examples b4 and b5 relating to Configuration b, the same linerboard

containerboards as in Examples al to a6 and Comparative Examples a7 to a9 were used

and the following corrugating medium containerboard was used:

- Corrugating medium containerboard: 170 [g/m 2 ] [LB170 manufactured by Oji

Materia Co. Ltd.]

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials used for Examples bl to b3 and

Comparative Examples b4 and b5 were manufactured using a corrugator having a take-up

roll that achieves the types of take-up factors shown in Table 4 below. In each of

Examples bl to b3 and Comparative Examples b4 and b5, the flat crush resistance was

measured by the same steps as steps aA to aD described above, and the flat crush

resistances shown in Table 13 below were measured.

[0265] [Table 13] ExamplesComparative Examples Examples bi b2 b3 b4 b5 Take-up factor [times] 1.70 1.50 1.20 1.10 2.00 Flat crush resistance [kpa] 249 170 50 45 301 Box manufacturability (evaluation) B A C D D

[0266] The "take-up factor" is a parameter corresponding to a multiplying factor

of the length dimension of the corrugating medium in the MD direction relative to that of

the linerboard. The take-up factor was measured by the following steps ba to bg:

- Step ba: As in steps aa and aA, when the total number of layers M in the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material is an odd number, the sheets corresponding

to upper five layers and lower five layers with reference to the layer of M / 2, half the

number of layers rounded off (i.e., the middle layer), are taken as samples. When taking

test pieces as samples, attention was paid so as not to crush the flutes. When the total

number of layers M is an even number, the sheets corresponding to upper five layers and

lower five layers with reference to the layer of [(M / 2) + 1], half the number of layers,

are taken as samples.

- Step bb: From the ten sheets taken as samples in step ba, pieces are cut out in a size

of 20 [cm] in the direction in which the ridges of the corrugating medium continue (the

lateral direction, the MD direction) and 10 [cm] in the direction orthogonal to the ridges

of the corrugating medium (the longitudinal direction, the CD direction).

- Step bc: The test pieces cut out in step bb are immersed in tap water for 24 hours.

- Step bd: After immersion in step be, the front and back linerboards are peeled to

take out the corrugating medium.

- Step be: The corrugating medium taken out in step bd is manually stretched, and

the length in a fully stretched state is measured with a ruler.

- Step bf: The take-up factor is calculated by the following Formula b from the "length of the corrugating medium as fully stretched "measured in step be and the length

of the test piece cut out in step bb in the direction in which the ridges of the corrugating

medium continue (referred to as the "length of the original corrugated fiberboard sheet";

here 20 [cm]).

Take-up factor = length of corrugating medium in fully stretched state / length of

original corrugated fiberboard sheet - - Formula b - Step bg: As in steps ad and aD described above, an average value of the take-up

factors calculated in step bf, from which numerical values that can constitute a

was determined as the take-up factor.

[0267] --- Evaluation --

Examples bl to b3 and Comparative Examples b4 and b5 of which the take-up

factors were obtained as described above were evaluated on box manufacturability. This

box manufacturability is synonymous with the box manufacturability used to evaluate

Examples al to a6 and Comparative Examples a7 to a9. In Example bl in which an

evaluation of "B" was obtained on the box manufacturability, two [sheets] had poor box

manufacturability.

[0268] In Examples b Ito b3, in which the take-up factor is 1.2 [times] or higher

and 1.7 [times] or lower and the flat crush resistance is 50 [kPa] or higher and 250 [kPa]

or lower, a good evaluation of at least "C" or higher was obtained on the box

manufacturability.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Example b4 in which the take-up factor is lower than

1.2 [times] and the flat crush resistance is lower than 50 [kPa], or Comparative Example b5 in which the take-up factor is higher than 1.7 [times] and the flat crush resistance is higher than 250 [kPa], a poor evaluation of "D" was obtained as the evaluation on the box manufacturability.

[0269] From Comparative Example b4, it is inferred that due to the take-up factor

being lower than 1.2 [times] and the flat crush resistance being lower than 50 [kPa], the

evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece has insufficient bending strength and is likely to

be folded at a location other than the scores and creases for box manufacturing, resulting

in a poor evaluation on the box manufacturability.

From Comparative Example b5, it is inferred that due to the take-up factor being

higher than 1.7 [times] and the flat crush resistance being higher than 250 [kPa], the

scores and creases for box manufacturing are difficult to form (due to the reduced

formability of the scores and creases) and the piece is folded at a location other than the

scores and creases for box manufacturing, resulting in a poor evaluation on the box

manufacturability.

[0270] From Examples b Ito b3 as compared with Comparative Examples b4 and

b5, it is inferred that due to the take-up factor being 1.2 [times] or higher and the flat

crush resistance being 50 [kPa] or higher, folding at a location other than the scores and

creases for box manufacturing is reduced. Further, it is inferred that due to the take-up

factor being 1.7 [times] or lower and the flat crush resistance being 250 [kPa] or lower,

defects of the scores and creases formed for box manufacturing are reduced.

Therefore, it can be said that the box manufacturability can be secured when the

take-up factor is 1.2 [times] or higher and 1.7 [times] or lower and the flat crush

resistance is 50 [kPa] or higher and 250 [kPa] or lower.

[0271] <Configuration c>

--- Measurement Target --

For Examples c Ito c3 and Comparative Example c4 relating to Configuration c, the

same containerboard as in Examples bl to b3 and Comparative Example b4 was used,

and measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of A flute manufactured using a corrugator having a take-up roll of the specifications shown below were used.

- Flute height: 4.5 [mm]

- Number of flute ridges: 34 [ridge/30 cm]

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials manufactured to have the angular

ratios shown in Table 14 below were used for Examples cl to c3 and Comparative

Example c4. The unit [-] in Table 14 represents a non-dimensional amount.

[0272] [Table 14] Examples Comparative Example C1 c2 c3 c4 Angular ratio[-] 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.35 Printability (evaluation) A B C D

[0273] The "angular ratio" is a parameter corresponding to the degree of

inclination of the fluting in the sheet of measurement corrugated fiberboard material.

The angular ratio was measured by the following steps ca to cf:

- Step ca: A picture of one ridge of the corrugating medium in the sheet of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material is taken from the longitudinal direction (the

CD direction).

- Step cb: The picture taken in step ca is printed on printing paper on an enlarged

scale such that one ridge has a height of 10 [cm] or larger.

- Step cc: A guideline that is oriented in a direction parallel to the front and back

linerboards (i.e., the lateral direction <the MD direction>) and passes through the center

between the front linerboard and the back linerboard (the center in the TD direction) is

drawn.

- Step cd: Two arbitrary adjacent points are selected from intersection points

between the guideline drawn in step cc and the corrugating medium.

- Step ce: The acute angle of the angles formed by the guideline and the corrugating

medium is measured with a protractor at each of the two points selected in step cd.

- Step cf: A ratio obtained by dividing the absolute value of the difference between

the two angles (measured values) measured in step ce by the sum of the two angles is

calculated.

[0274] --- Evaluation --

Examples cl to c3 and Comparative Example c4 of which the angular ratios were

obtained as described above were evaluated on printability.

The "printability" is the suitability of the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material for printing when it is applied, and is an evaluation criterion corresponding to

whether a print applied to the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is good or

poor.

The printability was evaluated by the following steps cA to cC:

- Step cA: The sheet of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is cut into a

size of 500 [mm] x 1350 [mm], with the longitudinal side oriented in the MD direction.

- Step cB: Printing was performed on the test piece cut in step cA by applying

water-based flexo inks (part number: Super-EX FK-99 manufactured by Sakata Inx

Corporation) in the following order with an anilox roll engraved at 550 [line/inch] using a

direct flexo printer Dynaflex 160 (Manufactured by Bobst).

> Order of application: rouge, Chinese ink, indigo, yellow, varnish

- Step cC: The finish of the print applied in stepcB was visually observed.

[0275] The printability was evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: The ink adhesion is even and the finish of the print is good.

- B: The ink adhesion is almost even and there is no practical problem.

- C: The ink adhesion is rather uneven but there is no practical problem.

- D: The ink adhesion is very uneven and there is a practical problem, and the

quality is also significantly poor.

[0276] In Examples cl to c3, in which the angular ratio is 0.30 or lower, an

evaluation of "C" or higher was obtained on the printability and there is no practical

problem. In Examples cl and c2 in which the angular ratio is 0.15 or lower, an

evaluation of "B" or higher was obtained, and in Example c Iin which the angular ratio is

0.05 or lower, an evaluation of "A" was obtained.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Example c4 in which the angular ratio is higher than

0.30, an evaluation of "D" was obtained on the printability and there is a practical

problem.

[0277] From Comparative Example c4, it is inferred that the height of the fluting

becomes uneven due to the angular ratio being higher than 0.30, resulting in a poor

evaluation on the printability. Another reason to infer a poor evaluation on the

printability is that the test piece is likely to deform in a direction according to the

inclination of the fluting during ink adhesion.

By contrast, from Examples c Ito c3, it is inferred that due to the angular ratio being

0.30 or lower, variation in the height of the fluting is reduced and the printability that

poses no practical problem is achieved. It is inferred from Examples cl and c2 that the

variation in the height of the fluting is reliably reduced when the angular ratio is 0.15 or

lower, and it is inferred from Example c Ithat it is further reduced when the angular ratio

is 0.05 or lower.

Therefore, it can be said that the printability can be secured when the angular ratio is

0.30 or lower.

[0278] <Configuration e>

--- Measurement Target --

For Examples el to e3 and Comparative Example e4 relating to Configuration e, the

same containerboard as in Examples bl to b3, cl to c3, dl to d3, and Comparative

Examples b4, c4, d4 was used, and measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of A

flute manufactured using a corrugator having the same take-up roll as in Examples cl to

c3, dl to d3, and Comparative Examples c4, d4 were used.

In each of Examples el to e3 and Comparative Example e4 using the measurement

corrugated fiberboard materials manufactured as described above, adhesive strength was

measured, and the adhesive strengths shown in Table 15 below were measured.

Relating to expressions in Table 15, "S side" means a "single facer side" (a back

linerboard side) and "G side" means a "glue machine side" (a front linerboard side).

[0279] [Table 15]

Examples Comparative Example el e2 e3 e4 S side 230 202 195 129 Adhesive G side 245 210 184 134 strength[N] Average value 238 206 190 132 Linerboard delamination A B B C

[0280] The "adhesive strength" is a parameter corresponding to a peeling resistance value of bonded portions between the flute tips of the corrugating medium

(points corresponding to a maximum value) and the linerboard in the sheet of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material. In plain words, it is a parameter

corresponding to the ability of the linerboards constituting parts of the sheet of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material to withstand peeling.

The adhesive strength was measured by the following steps ea to ee:

- Step ea: When the total number of layers M in the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material is an odd number, the sheets corresponding to upper ten layers and

lower ten layers with reference to the layer of M / 2, half the number of layers rounded

off (i.e., the middle layer), are taken as samples, and 20 sheets without deformation (e.g.,

dents) are cut out. When the total number of layers M is an even number, the sheets

corresponding to upper ten layers and lower ten layers with reference to the layer of

((M/2) + 1), half the number of layers, are taken as samples, and 20 sheets without

deformation (e.g., dents) are cut out.

- Step eb: From the sheets cut out in step ea, samples for testing are cut out in the

size shown below using a sample cutter (CF2-1218 manufactured by Mimaki

Engineering Co., Ltd.):

In the direction parallel to the wavy structure of the corrugating medium (the

longitudinal direction <the CD direction>): 50 [mm]

In the direction orthogonal to the wavy structure of the corrugating medium (the

lateral direction <the MD direction>): 85 [mm]

- Step ec: Ten sheets for each of the front side and the back side are prepared from

the samples cut out in step eb. Specifically, ten sheets for measuring the adhesive strength on the single facer side and ten sheets for measuring the adhesive strength on the glue machine side are prepared.

- Step ed: The samples prepared in step ec were mounted on the following

measurement device and the adhesive strength was measured using the following

reference standard and measurement conditions:

> Reference standard: JIS Z0402:1995

> Measurement device: compression tester (RTF1350 manufactured by A&D

Company, Limited)

> Measurement conditions: A pin attachment (Nihon T.M.C. Corporation) is

mounted on the sample and the sample is placed on the measurement device. A load is

applied at a speed of 13 [mm/min] with a delamination side facing upward, and a

maximum load when the bonded portions of the sample are delaminated is measured.

- Step ee: As in steps ad, aD, and aC, an average value of the adhesive strengths

measured in step ed from which numerical values that can constitute a disturbance

(factor) that reduces the accuracy of the measurement result were excluded was

determined as bursting strength.

[0281] --- Evaluation --

Examples el to e3 and Comparative Example e4 in which the adhesive strength was

obtained as described above were evaluated on linerboard delamination.

The "linerboard delamination" is an evaluation criterion corresponding to whether

the quality of the box is high or low, whether the external appearance is good or poor, etc.

The linerboard delamination was evaluated by the following steps eA to eC:

- Step eA: As with the evaluation of the box manufacturability according to

Configurations a and b, an evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece is cut out along a

using a sample cutter (CF2-1218 manufactured by Mimaki Engineering Co., Ltd.). The

cutter blade was replaced with a new one before cutting out the first evaluation

corrugated fiberboard piece, and this cutter blade was used without being replaced until the 100th piece (last).

- Step eB: The evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces cut out in step eA are built by

manual building. The "evaluation corrugated fiberboard pieces" are the following

number of sheets of test pieces punched out from the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material into the following shape and size by the sample cutter (CF2-1218 manufactured

by Mimaki Engineering Co., Ltd.):

Shape: a developed pattern of an RSC corrugated fiberboard box

Size: a width dimension of a side panel of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box: 356

[mm], a width dimension of the end panel of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box: 159

[mm], a height dimension of the RSC corrugated fiberboard box: 256 [mm]

Number of sheets: 100 [sheets]

- Step eC: It is observed whether the linerboards (sheets) in the evaluation box built

in step eB is delaminated.

[0282] The linerboard delamination was evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: No linerboard delamination was found in any of the evaluation boxes (100

[boxes]).

- B: Linerboard delamination was found in one to two [boxes] among the 100

evaluation boxes.

- C: Linerboard delamination was found in three to four [boxes] among the 100

evaluation boxes.

- D: Linerboard delamination was found in five [boxes] among the 100 evaluation

boxes.

In Examples e2 and e3 in which an evaluation of "B" was obtained on the linerboard

delamination, delamination of the linerboard was found in one [box] in Example e2 and

delamination of the linerboard was found in two [boxes] in Comparative Example e3.

In addition, in none of the examples and the comparative examples, an evaluation of "C"

was obtained on the linerboard delamination.

[0283] In Examples el to e3, in which the average value of the adhesive strengths measured on the single facer side and the glue machine side (hereinafter referred to as "average adhesive strength") is 140 [N] or higher, an evaluation of "B" or higher was obtained on the linerboard delamination. In particular, in Example el in which the average adhesive strength is 220 [N] or higher, an evaluation of "A" was obtained.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Example 1 in which the average adhesive strength is lower than 140 [N], an evaluation of "D" was obtained on the linerboard delamination.

[0284] It is inferred that when the average adhesive strength is 140 [N] or higher, the linerboard is less likely to delaminate when the evaluation corrugated fiberboard

piece is cut out from the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and the linerboard

is less likely to delaminate also when the evaluation box is built from the evaluation

corrugated fiberboard piece. Further, it is inferred that when the average adhesive

strength is 220 [N] or higher, delamination of the linerboard can be prevented both during

cutting out and building of the evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece.

Therefore, it can be said that the linerboard of the evaluation box is less likely to

delaminate when the average adhesive strength is 140 [N] or higher. By extension, it

can also be sad that degradation of the external appearance of the evaluation box can be

mitigated and that the quality of the evaluation box can be secured.

[0285] <Configuration f>

--- Measurement Target --

First, the configuration of the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of

Examples fl to f7 and Comparative Examples f8 to f14 relating to Configuration f shown

in Table 16 and Table 17 below will be described.

[0286] [Table 16] Examples f1 f2 f3 EM f5 f6 f7 Flute AA A B C AB AC Front Sa [pm] 6.8 8.0 6.7 5.6 7.1 6.7 7.0 Surface roughness Back Sa[pm] 12.9 11.8 18.2 10.9 12.9 19.2 19.8 Back/front - 1.9 1.5 2.7 1.9 1.8 2.9 2.8 Paper density of corrugating [g/m 2 ] 120 120 160 160 160 160 160 medium containerboard Paper densities of front linerboard 170/ 170/ 170/ 170/ 170/ 170/ 170/ containerboard/back linerboard [g/m2 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 containerboard Transferability A A B A A B B

[0287] [Table 17] Comparative Examples 18 19 110 11 112 113 114 Flute A A A B C AB AC Surface Front Sa[pm] 3.9 3.6 6.5 6.7 7.0 9.2 10.1 roughnes Back Sa [pm] 3.8 18.8 22.2 23.9 24.3 28.8 31.2 s Back/front - 1.0 5.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.1 Paper densityof corrugating 2

[g/m ] 100 160 220 220 220 220 220 medium containerboard Paper densities of front linerboard 280/ 280/ 170/ 170/ 170/ 170/ 170/ containerboard/back linerboard [g/m2 280 170 170 170 170 170 170 containerboard Transferability D C D D D D D

[0288] For each of the linerboard containerboards of Examples fl to f7 and

Comparative Examples f8 to f14 relating to Configuration f, one of the two types of basis

weights shown below was adopted as shown in Table 16 and Table 17 above:

- (Linerboard containerboard) basis weight 170 [g/m 2 ] [OFK170 manufactured by

Oji Materia Co., Ltd.]

- (Linerboard containerboard) basis weight 280 [g/m 2 ] [OFK280 manufactured by

Oji Materia Co., Ltd.]

[0289] In Examples fl to f7 and Comparative Examples f8 to f14, the following

corrugating medium containerboards were used:

- (Corrugating medium containerboard) basis weight 120 [g/m2 ] [S120

manufactured by Oji Materia Co., Ltd.]

- (Corrugating medium containerboard) basis weight 160 [g/m2 ] [S160 manufactured by Oji Materia Co., Ltd.]

- (Corrugating medium containerboard) basis weight 100 [g/m 2 ] [lightweight

corrugating medium 100 manufactured by Oji Materia Co., Ltd.] - (Corrugating medium containerboard) basis weight 220 [g/m2 ] [OFK220

manufactured by Oji Materia Co., Ltd.]

[0290] In each of the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples

fl to f7 and Comparative Examples f8 to fl4 manufactured as described above, the

surface roughness is adjusted as shown in Table 16 and Table 17.

When the surface roughness was measured in Examples fl to f7 and Comparative

Examples f8 to f14, the surface roughnesses shown in Table 16 and Table 17 were

obtained.

[0291] The "surface roughness" is a parameter corresponding to the asperity of

each surface of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material. The surface roughness

of each of the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples fl to f7 and

Comparative Examples f8 to f14 was measured by the following steps fa to fc:

- Step fa: Surface observation is performed on each of the surface of the front

linerboard and the surface of the back linerboard using the following laser microscope

with 12 magnification, and images are captured.

> Laser microscope: measurement unit "VR-3200," analysis software "VR-3000,"

manufactured by Keyence Corporation

- Step fb: A measurement area of the following size is set in each of the images

obtained in step fa:

> Size: in the lateral direction (MD direction) 22 [mm], in the longitudinal direction (CD direction) 10 [mm]

- Step fc: The surface roughness is measured based on the image inside the

measurement area set in step fb using the analysis software that comes with the laser

microscope. The surface roughness is arithmetic average surface roughness Sa in

accordance with IS025178.

[0292] In Examples f6, f7 and Comparative Examples f13, f14, AB flute and AC

flute are adopted for the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials. The "surface

roughness Sa of the front linerboard" and the "surface roughness Sa of the back

linerboard" in each of Examples f6, f7 and Comparative Examples f13, f14 are measured

on the flute surfaces specified below as targets:

- Example f6, Comparative Example fl3

> Surface roughness Sa of front linerboard: front linerboard of B flute surface

> Surface roughness Sa of back linerboard: back linerboard of A flute surface

- Example f7, Comparative Example f14

> Surface roughness Sa of front linerboard: front linerboard of C flute surface

> Surface roughness Sa of back linerboard: back linerboard of A flute surface

[0293] The "roughness ratio" is calculated by the following Formula f using the

surface roughness Sa of the front linerboard and the surface roughness Sa of the back

linerboard measured by steps fa to fc described above:

- Roughness ratio = surface roughness Sa of back linerboard / surface roughness Sa

of front linerboard --- Formula f

[0294] --- Evaluation --

A transferability test was conducted on, as targets, the measurement corrugated

fiberboard materials of Examples fl to f7 and Comparative Examples f8 to f14 in which

the surface roughness Sa of the front linerboard, the surface roughness Sa of the back

linerboard, and the roughness ratio were obtained as described above, and transferability

was evaluated.

The transferability is an evaluation criterion corresponding to whether the posture of

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material while it is transferred in a box

manufacturing system (an automatic packaging machine) is good or poor.

[0295] The transferability test was conducted by the following Steps fA to fC by

preparing one each of the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples fl to

f7 and Comparative Examples f8 to fl4 as test targets.

Step fA: A mark is put on nip rolls of an automatic packaging machine at positions

650 [mm] separated from a central portion in a width direction (the CD direction

corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material) respectively toward one side and the other side in the width direction.

Step fB: The measurement corrugated fiberboard material is passed through the

automatic packaging machine by matching the positions of both ends of the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material in the longitudinal direction to the positions marked in

step fA.

Step fC: The number of times that the measurement corrugated fiberboard material

having passed through the nip rolls is transferred so as to meander from the marked

position by 10 [mm] or more in a direction away from the central portion is counted.

In step fC, when meandering of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is

confirmed, the automatic packaging machine is stopped, and each of both ends of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material in the longitudinal direction is manually

adjusted so as to match the position of the mark. After adjustment, the automatic

packaging machine is activated and transfer of the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material is resumed. This operation is repeated until one measurement corrugated

fiberboard material has been transferred.

[0296] The number of times of meandering measured by the transferability test is

evaluated by the following criteria:

A: No meandering was confirmed.

B: Meandering was confirmed once.

C: Meandering was confirmed two [times] to four [times].

D: Meandering was confirmed five or more [times].

[0297] In Examples fl to f7, in which the surface roughness Sa of each of the

front linerboard and the back linerboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower and

the roughness ratio is 3.0 or lower, a good evaluation of "B" or higher was obtained on

the transferability.

Meanwhile, in Comparative Examples f8 to f14 in which the surface roughness Sa

of the front linerboard or the back linerboard is lower than 5.0 [Pm] or higher than 20.0

[pm] or the roughness ratio is higher than 3.0, a poor evaluation of "C" or lower was obtained on the transferability.

[0298] It is presumed that when the surface roughness Sa of each of the front

linerboard and the back linerboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower and the

roughness ratio is 3.0 or lower, the posture of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 being

squeezed between the nip rolls is stabilized, so that the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material is less likely to meander relatively to the flow direction.

Therefore, it can be said that the transferability of the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material in a transfer system is improved when the surface roughness Sa of

each of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm]

or lower and the roughness ratio is 3.0 or lower.

[0299] <Configuration f>

--- Measurement Target --

First, the configuration of the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of

Examples f21 to 30 and Comparative Examples f31 to 39 relating to Configuration f

will be described.

For each of the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples f21 to 30

and Comparative Examples f31 to 39, one of the following flutes was used:

-A flute: Examples f21 to f26, Comparative Examples f31 to 35

- B flute: Example f27, Comparative Example 36

- C flute: Example f28, Comparative Example 37

- AB flute: Example f29, Comparative Example138

- AC flute: Example 30, Comparative Example 39

[0300] As the front linerboard and the back linerboard in each of Examples f21 to

30 and Comparative Examples f31 to 39, a linerboard containerboard of one of the

following part numbers "No. 1" to "No. 8" was used:

- (front) No. 1, (back) No. 1: Example f21

- (front) No. 2, (back) No. 2: Examples f22, f23, f27 to 30, Comparative Examples

f33, f36 to f39

- (front) No. 3, (back) No. 3: Example f24

- (front) No. 4, (back) No. 4: Example f25

- (front) No. 5, (back) No. 5: Example f26

- (front) No. 6, (back) No. 6: Comparative Example f31

- (front) No. 6, (back) No. 2: Comparative Example f32

- (front) No. 7, (back) No. 7: Comparative Example f34

- (front) No. 8, (back) No. 8: Comparative Example f35

In this list, "(front)" shows the part number of the linerboard containerboard used for

the front linerboard, and "(back)" shows the part number of the linerboard containerboard

used for the back linerboard.

[0301] For each of the linerboard containerboards of part numbers "No. 1" to "No.

8," one of the following three types of bases weights was adopted:

- Basis weight 170 [g/m 2 ]: No. 1 to 4, No. 7, No. 8

- Basis weight 120 [g/m 2 ]: No. 5

- Basis weight 280 [g/m 2 ]: No. 6

[0302] The linerboard containerboards of part numbers "No. 1" to "No. 8" were

created by the following creation method.

The linerboard containerboard of part number "No. 1" was created as a linerboard

containerboard for corrugating fiberboards composed of three layers by performing

papermaking, with softwood kraft pulp (NKP), hardwood kraft pulp, (LKP), and

mechanical pulp (MP) having a freeness of 300 [ml] as raw materials, using a multi-layer

paper machine under the following papermaking conditions. The freeness was

measured in accordance with JIS P8121 2012 by the following measurement device:

- Measurement device: product name "Canadian standard freeness tester" by

Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd., product number "No. 2580-A"

[0303] - Papermaking conditions of part number "No. 1"

> Sizing agent: An agent named "Sizepine N-830 (manufactured by Arakawa

Chemical Industries, Ltd.)" is included at a ratio of 0.5 [parts by mass] relative to a total

of 100 [parts by mass] of all the pulp of a paper layer.

> Paper strengthening agent: An agent named "PT-1001 (manufactured by Arakawa

Chemical Industries, Ltd.)" is included at a ratio of 0.3 [parts by mass] relative to a total

of 100 [parts by mass] of all the pulp of the paper layer.

> Aluminum sulfate: included at a ratio of 5 [parts by mass] relative to a total of 100

[parts by mass] of all the pulp of the paper layer

> NKP : included at a ratio of 10 [mass%]

> LKP: included at a ratio of 70 [mass%]

> MP: included at a ratio of 15 [mass%]

[0304] The linerboard containerboard of part number "No. 2" was created by the

same creation method as the linerboard containerboard of "No. 1," except that the ratios

of NKP, LKP, and MP were changed to 15 [mass%], 70 [mass%], and 15 [mass%],

respectively.

The linerboard containerboard of part number "No. 3" was created by the same

creation method as the linerboard containerboard of "No. 1," except that the ratios of

NKP, LKP, and MP were changed to 23 [mass%], 50 [mass%], and 27 [mass%],

respectively.

The linerboard containerboard of part number "No. 4" was created by the same

NKP, LKP, and MP were changed to 48 [mass%], 28 [mass%], and 24 [mass%],

respectively.

[0305] The linerboard containerboard of part number "No. 5" was created by the

same creation method as the linerboard containerboard of "No. 1," except that the basis

weight was changed to 120 [g/m2I

The linerboard containerboard of part number "No. 6" was created by the same creation method as the linerboard containerboard of "No. 1," except that the basis weight was changed to 280 [g/m 2

. The linerboard containerboard of part number "No. 7" was created by the same

NKP, LKP, and MP were changed to 0 [mass%], 95 [mass%], and 5 [mass%],

respectively.

The linerboard containerboard of part number "No. 8" was created by the same

NKP, LKP, and MP were changed to 65 [mass%], 15 [mass%], and 20 [mass%],

respectively.

[0306] For the corrugating medium of each of Examples f21 to 30 and

Comparative Examples f31 to f39, a corrugating medium containerboard of one of the

following part numbers "No. 9" to "No. 12" was used:

- No. 9: Examples f21, f22, f24 to f26, Comparative Examples f34, f35

- No. 10: Examples f23, f27 to 30, Comparative Example f32

- No. 11 : Comparative Example f31

- No. 12: Comparative Example f33, f36 to f39

[0307] Each of the corrugating medium containerboards of part numbers "No. 9"

to "No. 12" is specifically one of the following four types:

- No. 9: basis weight 120 [g/m 2 ], part name "OND-EM120"

- No. 10: basis weight 160 [g/m 2 ], part name "OND-EM160"

- No. 11: basis weight 100 [g/m 2 ], part name "OFLD-EM100"

- No. 12: basis weight 220 [g/m 2 ], part name "OPM-EM220"

Materia Co., Ltd.

[0308] When the roughnesses Sa of the surfaces ("surface roughnesses") of the

front and back linerboards and the linerboard fiber width were measured in the

measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples f21 to 30 and Comparative

Examples f31 to 39 manufactured as described above, the roughnesses Sa and the liner

fiber widths shown in Tables 18 to 20 below were obtained.

As already described in Configuration f, the roughness Sa is a parameter

corresponding to the asperity of the surface of each of the front and back linerboards of

the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and was measured by the same steps as

steps fa to fc of Configuration f.

[0309] The roughness ratio was calculated by the same formula as Formula f

already described in Configuration f.

In Tables 18 to 20 below, "front" shows the surface roughness of the "front

linerboard" and "back" shows the surface roughness of the "back linerboard."

"Back/front" shows the "roughness ratio."

[0310] In Example f29 and Comparative Example 38 for which AB flute is

adopted and Example 30 and Comparative Example 39 for which AC flute is adopted,

the "surface roughness Sa of the front linerboard" and the "surface roughness Sa of the

back linerboard" are measured on the flute surfaces specified below as targets:

- Example f29, Comparative Example 38

> Surface roughness Sa of front linerboard: front linerboard of B flute surface

> Surface roughness Sa of back linerboard: back linerboard of A flute surface

- Example 30, Comparative Example 39

> Surface roughness Sa of front linerboard: front linerboard of C flute surface

> Surface roughness Sa of back linerboard: back linerboard of A flute surface

[0311] The "linerboard fiber width" is a parameter corresponding to an average

value of the radial dimensions (fiber widths) of pulp fibers composing each linerboard

containerboard of the front linerboard and the back linerboard. As shown in Tables 18

to 20 below, the value of the linerboard fiber width is correlated with the surface

roughnesses Sa and the roughness ratio of the front and back linerboards. Specifically, as the value of the linerboard fiber width becomes larger, the degree of asperity of the

surface tends to be greater. More specifically, the flute of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, the basis weights of the linerboard containerboards and the corrugating medium containerboard constituting the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and the value of the linerboard fiber width are correlated with (affect) the surface roughnesses Sa and the roughness ratio of the front and back linerboards.

The value of the linerboard fiber width in each of the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples f21 to 30 and Comparative Examples f31 to 39 was

adjusted by the ratios [mass%] of NKP, LKP, and MP contained in the linerboard

containerboard.

[0312] The linerboard fiber width was measured by the following Steps F1 to F5: Step F1: A 40 [cm] square is cut out of the second layer from the uppermost layer of

the corrugated fiberboard material and this 40 [cm] square corrugated fiberboard sheet

was used for measurement. The cutting position was the center of the width of the

ion-exchanged water for 15 minutes and then taken out of the ion-exchanged water.

Step F2: From the corrugated fiberboard sheet taken out in Step Fl, each of the

linerboard containerboards (the front linerboard and the back linerboard) is separated

from the corrugating medium containerboard by manually peeling them so as not to tear

the linerboard containerboard.

Step F3: The linerboard containerboards separated in step F2 was immersed in

ion-exchanged water, with the concentration adjusted to 2 ±0.2%, for 24 hours. Step F4: After being immersed for 24 hours with the concentration adjusted in step

F3, the linerboard containerboards were defibrated for 20 minutes using a standard

defibrator (manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to dissolve the pulp into

fibers.

Step F5: The slurry (pulp fibers) resulting from the defibration in step F4 is sampled

and the linerboard fiber width was measured using the following measurement machine.

- Measurement machine: part number FS-5 UHD base unit manufactured by Valmet

[0313] [Table 18]

Examples f21 f22 f23 124 125 f26 f27 Surface roughness of Front Sa [pm] 6.8 8.0 6.7 9.4 11.3 8.2 5.6 continuous corrugated Back Sa [pm] 12.9 11.8 18.2 13.8 16.4 12.8 10.9 fiberboard Back/front - 1.9 1.5 2.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.9 Front [pm] 13 14 14 18 24 14 14 Linerboard fiber width Back [pm] 13 14 14 18 24 14 14 Transferability A A B A A A A Feedability B B B B A B B

[0314] [Table 19] Examples Comparative Examples f28 f29 f30 f31 f32 f33 Surface roughness of Front Sa [pm] 7.1 6.7 7.0 3.9 3.6 6.5 continuous corrugated Back Sa [pm] 12.9 19.2 19.8 3.8 18.8 22.2 fiberboard Back/front - 1.8 2.9 2.8 1.0 5.2 3.4 Front [ m] 14 14 14 14 14 14 Linerboard fiber width Back [pm] 14 14 14 14 14 14 Transferability A B B D C D Feedability B A A D C B

[0315] [Table 20] Comparative Examples ___________f_ 34 135 136 137 138 139 Surface roughness of Front Sa [pm] 6.3 12.9 6.7 7.0 9.2 10.1 continuous corrugated Back Sa [pm] 9.1 18.7 23.9 24.3 28.8 31.2 fiberboard Back/front - 1.4 1.4 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.1 Front [pm] 11 26 14 14 14 14 Linerboardfiberwidth Back [pm] 11 26 14 14 14 14 Transferability C C D D D D Feedability B A B B B A

[0316] --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples f21 to 30 and

Comparative Examples f31 to 39 of which the surface roughness Sa of the front

linerboard, the surface roughness Sa of the back linerboard, the roughness ratio, and the

linerboard fiber width were obtained as described above were evaluated as targets on

"transferability" and "feedability."

As with the transferability already described in Configuration f, the "transferability"

is an evaluation criterion corresponding to whether the posture of the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material while it is transferred in a box manufacturing system (an automatic packaging system) is good or poor. A transferability test to evaluate the transferability was conducted by the same steps as steps fA to fC already described in

Configuration f. The number of times of meandering measured by the transferability

test was evaluated by the same criteria as in Configuration f.

[0317] The "feedability" is an evaluation criterion corresponding to whether the

sheet feeding stability in a box manufacturing system is good or poor.

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples f21 to f30 and

Comparative Examples f31 to f39 were applied to the following box manufacturing

during manufacturing of boxes under the following manufacturing condition (box

manufacturing speed):

Box manufacturing system: product name "CMC CartonWrap 1000" manufactured

by CMC Machinery

Box manufacturing speed: 500 [box/hour]

Whether the sheets were appropriately spread out and whether machine stop

occurred were visually checked.

[0318] The feedability was evaluated by the following criteria:

- A: Only one sheet is lifted when the sheets are spread out from the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material, and no bend other than the fold line for accordion folding

occurs.

- B: A phenomenon in which two sheets, one sheet and the subsequent sheet, are

occurs and machine stop does not occur, either.

the sheets are spread out from the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, and a bend other than the fold line for accordion folding occurs, but no machine stop occurs.

Here, "a bend other than the fold line occurs " means that an unexpected bend occurs at a

of the box.

bend other than the fold line for accordion folding occurs, and machine stop occurs due to

the bend.

[0319] In Examples f21 to 30, in which the surface roughness Sa of each of the

the roughness ratio is 1.5 or higher and 3.0 or lower, a good evaluation of "B" or higher

was obtained on both the transferability and the feedability.

Among Examples f21 to 30, in Examples f21, f22, and f24 to f28 in which the

roughness ratio is 2.0 or lower, an evaluation of "A" was obtained at least on the

transferability.

In particular, among Examples f21 to 30, in Example 25 in which the surface

roughness Sa of each of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is 10.0 [Pm] or

higher and 18.0 [pm] or lower, an evaluation of "A" was obtained on both the

transferability and the feedability.

[0320] Meanwhile, in Comparative Examples f31 to 39 in which the surface

roughness Sa of at least one of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is lower than

5.0 [pm] or higher than 20.0 [pm] or the roughness ratio is lower than 1.5 or higher than

3.0, a poor evaluation of "C" or lower was obtained on at least one of the transferability

and the feedability.

Specifically, among Comparative Examples f31 to 39, in Comparative Example 33

and Comparative Examples 36 to 39 in which the surface roughness Sa of at least one of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is higher than 20.0 [Pm] and the roughness ratio is higher than 3.0, an evaluation of "B" or higher was obtained on the feedability but an evaluation of "D" was obtained on the transferability.

[0321] Among Comparative Examples f31 to f39, in Comparative Examples f34

and 35 in which the surface roughness Sa of each of the front linerboard and the back

linerboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower but the roughness ratio is 1.5 or

lower, an evaluation of "B" or higher was obtained on the feedability but an evaluation of

"C" was obtained on the transferability.

Among Comparative Examples f31 to f39, in Comparative Examples f31 and 32 in

which the surface roughness Sa of each of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is

lower than 5.0 [pm], an evaluation of "C" or lower was obtained on both the

transferability and the feedability.

In particular, in Comparative Example f31 in which the surface roughness Sa is

lower than 5.0 [pm] and the roughness ratio is 1.5 or lower, the lowest evaluation of "D"

was obtained on both the transferability and the feedability.

[0322] It is inferred that when the surface roughness Sa of each of the front

roughness ratio is 1.5 or higher and 3.0 or lower, the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material is less likely to meander respectively to the flow direction as the posture of the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 being squeezed between the nip rolls is stabilized, and,

moreover, multi-feeding is less likely to occur as tight contact between the sheets stacked

in the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is reduced and sufficient air enters

between the sheets.

[0323] Therefore, it can be said that the transferability and the feedability of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material in a transfer system can be improved at the

same time when the surface roughness Sa of each of the front linerboard and the back

linerboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower and the roughness ratio is 1.5 or

higher and 3.0 or lower.

In particular, it can be said that both the transferability and the feedability are

excellent when the surface roughness Sa of each of the front linerboard and the back

linerboard is 10.0 [pm] or higher and 18.0 [pm] or lower.

[0324] In Examples f21, f22, f24, f25 and Comparative Examples f34, f35 that

share the same flute of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material, the same basis

weight of the linerboard containerboard of each of the front linerboard and the back

linerboard, and the same basis weight of the corrugating medium containerboard and are

different from one another in the part number of the linerboard containerboard of each of

the front linerboard and the back linerboard, the values of the linerboard fiber width are

different from one another.

From Examples f21, f22, f24, f25 and Comparative Examples f34, f35, it can be

seen that the surface roughness Sa tends to become lower as the value of the linerboard

fiber width becomes smaller, and that the surface roughness Sa tends to become higher as

the value of the linerboard fiber width becomes larger.

[0325] Further, from Examples f21 and f25 as compared with Comparative

Examples f34 and f35, it can be seen that the roughness ratio becomes 1.5 or higher when

the linerboard fiber width is 12 [pm] or larger and 25 [pm] or smaller.

In other words, it can be said that the roughness ratio tends to be lower than 1.5

when the linerboard fiber width is smaller than 12 [pm] or larger than 25 [Pm].

It is inferred that when the linerboard fiber width is smaller than 12 [Pm] and the

roughness ratio is lower than 1.5, a grip force occurring between the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 and the nip rolls becomes small and slip is likely to occur, which

reduces the transferability. Further, it is inferred that when the linerboard fiber width is

larger than 25 [pm] and the roughness ratio is lower than 1.5, the grip force occurring

between the corrugated fiberboard material 1and the nip rolls becomes large and slip is

less likely to occur, which, together with the shape of the fluting of the corrugating

medium, reduces the transferability.

[0326] In addition, from Examples f21 to f23 and f27 to 30 as compared with

Comparative Examples f31to 33 and 36 to 39, it can be said that when the linerboard

fiber width is 12 [pm] or larger and 25 [pm] or smaller and the basis weight range of the

corrugating medium containerboard of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material

and the basis weight range of the linerboard containerboards of the front linerboard and

the back linerboard thereof are within the following ranges, the surface roughness Sa of

each of the front linerboard and the back linerboard tends to be 5.0 [Pm] or higher and

20.0 [pm] or lower and the roughness ratio tends to be 1.5 or higher and 3.0 or lower:

and 200 [g/m 2 ] or smaller

- Basis weight range of linerboard containerboards: 110 [g/m2 ] or larger and 250

[g/m 2 ] or smaller

[0327] It is inferred that in Comparative Examples 33 and 36 to 39 in which the

basis weight of the corrugating medium containerboard is larger than 200 [g/m 2 ], the

corrugating medium of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is so hard that

the shape of the fluting of the corrugating medium is likely to appear in the surfaces of

the linerboards (especially the surface of the back linerboard), so that the surface

roughness Sa became higher than 20.0 [pm] and the roughness ratio became higher than

3.0.

It is inferred that in Comparative Example 132 in which the linerboard

containerboard of at least one of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is larger

than 250 [g/m 2], the linerboard is so hard that the shape of the fluting of the corrugating

medium is less likely to appear in the surfaces of the linerboards, so that the surface

roughness Sa became lower than 5.0 [pm] and the roughness ratio became 3.0 or higher.

[0328] It is inferred that in Comparative Example f31 in which the basis weight

of the corrugating medium containerboard is lower than 110 [g/m 2 ] and the linerboard

containerboards of the front and back linerboards are larger than 250 [g/m 2 ], the hardness

of the corrugating medium is insufficient while the surfaces of the linerboards are so hard

that the shape of the fluting of the corrugating medium is less likely to appear in the surfaces of the linerboards, so that the surface roughness Sa became lower than 5.0 [pm] and the roughness ratio became lower than 1.5.

[0329] From Examples f21 to 30 as compared with Comparative Examples f31

to 39, it can be said that both the transferability and the feedability of the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material in a transfer system can be improved at the same time

when the roughness Sa of each of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is 5.0 [Pm]

or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower and the roughness ratio is 1.5 or higher and 3.0 or lower,

regardless of whichever flute the measurement corrugated fiberboard material has, A flute,

B flute, C flute, AB flute, or AC flute.

[0330] <Configuration g>

--- Measurement Target --

gl to g7 and Comparative Examples g8 to g13 relating to Configuration g shown in Table

21 and Table 22 below will be described.

C) 0) C) C)O 0 C5 CU<C)C 0 N. 00 00

N-U x m--C m~ 0-- 0 -(.6 '--0

CCU o 22mu C o C - N- CD~ CD E CU N SN0 0 000 I1 ILL- 0 I-- I'I-'-00L

222:0 L-) 0 N

a) N 0u N- N- CU

L 00

X) C) )C) C U CU 4 C) 00 cq N 1 0 0 CU

CU ~ C14 N-N-0 N U cu -0 at 0 c co 4 ) C)c 0 00 ND 00 CDC C) C) < N0 0 0 CxC

_ _U- C4L ON U- xa

0 N 0 U60 '-'-0- C)0 0) 0 CxN N- - C ~ 0 ~E N Om CLCC

~~-E

0 (O

O _0 -r 0~ U CU0 ~ 00 ~ Z) 2U- 0MU- 0u - C aC CLUC LLl a)EC cu~ 5 nU)~ 5 a. oC C ,a) "- Z) CY ( Y _00 (n U) ~c C CU Uz C CU E0 CLC C5Cu)C a) C C a) 0-5> >

[0333] For the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples gl to

g7 and Comparative Examples g8 to g13, a corrugating medium containerboard having

the following basis weight was used:

- Corrugating medium containerboard: 160 [g/m 2 ] [S160 manufactured by Oji

Materia Co., Ltd.]

[0334] As linerboard containerboards of the measurement corrugated fiberboard

materials used for Examples gl to g7 and Comparative Examples g8 to g13, linerboard

containerboards having a paper density of 170 g/m 2 are produced in accordance with the

corrugated fiberboard linerboard manufacturing method of Japanese Patent No. 6213364.

Linerboard containerboards varying in mean-length fiber length are produced by

changing the mixing ratio of softwood kraft pulp and recycled paper pulp. Generally,

linerboard containerboards have a multi-layer structure, and the pulp mixing ratio was

changed in only a front layer (a surface on which the slip angle of the measurement

corrugated fiberboard material is to be measured) and the other layers were produced

100% from recycled paper pulp.

For each linerboard containerboard of the front linerboard and the back linerboard

used in Examples gl to g7 and Comparative Examples g8 to g13, the "mixing ratio" and

the "mean-length fiber length" are set as shown in Table 21 and Table 22.

[0335] The "mixing ratio" is a parameter representing the ratio (percentage) at

which the softwood kraft pulp and the recycled paper pulp contained in the linerboard

containerboard are mixed.

The "mean-length fiber length" is a parameter corresponding to an average of the

lengths (fiber lengths) of pulp fibers contained in the linerboard containerboard.

[0336] The "mean-length fiber length" is measured by the following steps ga to

ge:

Step ga: A 40 [cm] square is cut out of the second layer from the uppermost layer of

the corrugated fiberboard material and this 40 [cm] square corrugated fiberboard sheet is

used for measurement. The cutting position is the center of the width of the corrugated fiberboard sheet. Then, the corrugated fiberboard sheet is immersed in ion-exchanged water for 15 minutes and taken out from the ion-exchanged water.

Step gb: Each of the linerboard containerboards (the front linerboard and the back

linerboard) taken out in step ga is separated from the corrugating medium containerboard

by manually peeling the linerboard containerboard so as not to tear it.

Step gb2: The front layer (the layer used for measurement of the slip angle) of the

linerboard containerboards obtained in step gb is manually peeled.

[0337] Step gc: The front layer of the linerboard containerboard separated in step

gb2 is immersed in ion-exchanged water and let stand for 24 hours with the concentration

adjusted to 2 [%].

Step gd: After the linerboard containerboard with the concentration adjusted is

immersed for 24 hours in step gc, the linerboard containerboard is defibrated for 20

minutes using the following pulp defibrator to dissolve the pulp into fibers.

> Pulp defibrator: HOMODISPER Model 2.5 manufactured by Primix Corporation

Step ge: The slurry (pulp fibers) resulting from the defibration in step gd was

sampled and the fiber length in accordance with JIS P 8226-2:2011 was measured using

the following fiber length measurement machine.

- Fiber length measurement machine: part number FS-5 UHD base unit

manufactured by Valmet

[0338] For each of the linerboard containerboards of the front linerboard and the

back linerboard used for Examples g Ito g7 and Comparative Examples g8 to g13, one of

the four types of mixing ratios shown below and one of the four types of mean-length

fiber lengths shown below were adopted as shown in Table 21 and Table 22:

- Mixing ratio (mixing ratio of softwood / mixing ratio of recycled paper): 30/70,

70/30,

100/0,

0/100

- Mean-length fiber length: 1.0 [mm]

1.3 [mm],

1.7 [mm],

2.0 [mm]

[0339] Fibers of softwood kraft pulp measure 2.00 mm, for example, and fibers of

recycled paper measure 1.04 mm, for example. Since the softwood kraft pulp has

longer fibers than the recycled paper, when the mixing ratio of the softwood kraft pulp is

high, the surface is likely to be rough. Conversely, when the mixing ratio of the

recycled paper is high, the surface is likely to be smooth.

[0340] In each of Examples gl to g7 and Comparative Examples g8 to g13 using

the measurement corrugated fiberboard materials manufactured as described above, the

"slip angle" was measured, and the slip angles shown in Table 21 and Table 22 were

measured.

The expressions "front" and "back" in Table 21 and Table 22 correspond respectively

to a surface facing one side in the height direction and a surface facing the other side in

the height direction in a state where the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is

placed in a horizontal plane.

In Example g6 and Comparative Example g12 adopting AB flute, "front" is a surface

of A flute on one side and "back" is a surface of B flute on the other side. In Example

g7 and Comparative Example g13 adopting AC flute, "front" is a surface of A flute on

one side and "back" is a surface of C flute on the other side.

[0341] Measurement of the "slip angle" was conducted in accordance with JSC

T0005:2000. The test pieces have the following size and the slip angle is measured in

the following two forms on each test piece:

- Size: longitudinal dimension 200 [mm],

lateral dimension 300 [mm]

- Form G1: a form in which the test pieces are stacked such that front linerboards

contact each other

- Form G2: a form in which the test pieces are stacked such that back linerboards contact each other

[0342] In Example g6 and Comparative Example g12 adopting AB flute and

Example g7 and Comparative Example g13 adopting AC flute, Form GI and Form G2

are the following forms:

- Form G1: a form in which the test pieces are stacked such that the front linerboards of A flute contact each other

- Form G2: a form in which the test pieces are stacked such that the back linerboards

of the B flute surface or the C flute surface contact each other

[0343] In Form GI, the slip angle of the front linerboards relative to each other is

measured. In Form G2, the slip angle of the back linerboards relative to each other is

measured.

As each of the slip angle of the front linerboards relative to each other and the slip

angle of the back linerboards relative to each other, an average value is measured by

measuring the slip angles in a direction corresponding to the lateral direction five times

on each test piece.

[0344] --- Evaluation --

The measurement corrugated fiberboard materials of Examples gl to g7 and

Comparative Examples g8 to g13 were placed at rest on a pallet, and their states after

being transferred along with the pallet by a forklift were observed to evaluate the

"likelihood of misalignment of the corrugated fiberboard material."

The "likelihood of misalignment of the corrugated fiberboard material" is

misalignment in the end surface in which the fold lines of the accordion-folded

measurement fiberboard material are provided (hereinafter referred to as "misalignment

from the end surface"). The "misalignment from the end surface" is the distance by

which the fold lines are misaligned in the end surface in the lateral direction (the MD

direction) when the measurement corrugated fiberboard material is seen from the

longitudinal direction (the CD direction).

[0345] The "misalignment in the end surface" was measured by the following steps Ga to Ge:

- Step Ga: The layers of the measurement corrugated fiberboard material excluding

the top 10% of all the number of layers are set as a measurement target. If the numerical

value of 10% included a numerical value after the decimal point, the numerical value

after the decimal point was rounded off.

- Step Gb: A reference line is drawn with a marker on the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material set as the measurement target in step Ga. This reference line is a

direction as observed from the lateral direction.

- Step Gc: The measurement corrugated fiberboard material set as the measurement

target in step Gb is divided into the three parts of an upper, middle, and lower part, and

separation from the reference line in the lateral direction is measured.

- Step Gd: Numerical values that can constitute a disturbance (factor) that reduces

are excluded from the distances measured in step Gc.

- Step Ge: A maximum value of the distances is determined as the misalignment in

the end surface.

[0346] The position corresponding to the reference line in step Gb is a position at

which variation in the position of the fold lines when the measurement corrugated

fiberboard material is seen from the longitudinal direction is within a predetermined

positional range, and is set in advance as a standard position of the fold lines. For

example, a position corresponding to the reference line is set on a perpendicular line that

passes through the fold line that is most recessed in the longitudinal direction when the

measurement corrugated fiberboard material is observed from the lateral direction.

The "position of the fold lines" is the position in the lateral direction of the

measurement corrugated fiberboard. Further, the "variation in the position of the fold

lines" is variation in the dimension by which the fold lines are separated in the lateral direction from the position corresponding to the reference line. The "variation in the position of the fold lines" can also be called misalignment in the end surface of the corrugated fiberboard material.

In "excluding numerical values that can constitute a disturbance" in step Gd, the

misalignments in the end surface measured in all the layers of the measurement

±3 of the standard deviation of the population are excluded.

[0347] The misalignment in the end surface measured as described above

("likelihood of misalignment of corrugated fiberboard material" in Table 21 and Table 22)

was evaluated by the following criteria:

A: The misalignment is smaller than 5 [mm].

B: The misalignment is 5 [mm] or larger and smaller than 10 [mm].

C: The misalignment is 10 [mm] or larger and smaller than 20 [mm].

D: The misalignment is 20 [mm] or larger.

[0348] In Examples gl to g7, in which both the slip angle of the front linerboards

relative to each other and the slip angle of the back linerboards relative to each other are

17 [°] or larger and 30 [] or smaller, a good evaluation of "B" or higher was obtained on

the "evaluation of the likelihood of misalignment."

Meanwhile, in Comparative Examples g8 to g13 in which at least one of the slip

angle of the front linerboards relative to each other and the slip angle of the back

linerboards relative to each other is smaller than 17 [], a poor evaluation of "C" or lower

was obtained on the "evaluation of the likelihood of misalignment."

[0349] From Comparative Examples g8 to g13, it is presumed that when one of

the slip angle of the front linerboards relative to each other and the slip angle of the back

linerboards relative to each other is smaller than 17 [], the corrugated fiberboard material

is likely to be misaligned and the load form does not stabilize, so that the stability during

transfer to a box manufacturing system by a forklift, for example, is also insufficient. It

is presumed that when one of the slip angle of the front linerboards relative to each other and the slip angle of the back linerboards relative to each other is larger than 30 [°], load collapsing may conversely occur as misalignment of the sheets 2 is less likely to be tolerated. A corrugated fiberboard material that is unlikely to be misaligned is not suitable, as it has the disadvantage of being difficult to feed when passing the corrugated fiberboard material through a transfer machine in a box manufacturing system etc.

[0350] It is presumed that when the slip angle of the front linerboards relative to

each other is 17 [°] or larger and 30 [°] or smaller and the slip angle of the back

linerboards relative to each other is 17 [°] or larger and 30 [] or smaller, slip resistance is

secured while some misalignment is tolerated; that is, the stability during transfer to a

box manufacturing system by a forklift, for example, is secured.

Therefore, it can be said that the transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material

to a box manufacturing system is improved when the slip angle of the front linerboards

relative to each other is 17 [] or larger and 30 [] or smaller and the slip angle of the

back linerboards relative to each other is 17 [] or larger and 30 [] or smaller.

[0351] [3. Example Combining Three Configurations]

Finally, Example abfthat combines Configurations a, b, and f will be described.

Unless otherwise mentioned, details of a measurement target and evaluation for

Example abf are the same as those described above.

--- Measurement Target --

Example abf was evaluated using a measurement corrugated fiberboard material

having parameters listed below as a target:

- Thickness dimension: 5.1 [mm]

- Take-up factor: 1.5 [times]

- Flat crush resistance: 170 [kpa]

- Surface roughness Sa

>Front linerboard: 11

> Back linerboard: 17 [pm]

[0352] --- Evaluation ---

The measurement corrugated fiberboard material of Example abf was evaluated on

each of box manufacturability, cracks, transferability, and feedability. As a result, an

excellent ("A" described above) evaluation was obtained on each of box

manufacturability, cracks, transferability, and feedability.

From the evaluation result of Example abf, it can be seen that when Configurations

a, b, and f are combined, evaluations corresponding to the respective Configurations a, b,

and f remain excellent without being reduced.

[0353] Further, it is inferred that when the measurement corrugated fiberboard

material having the above parameters is used in a box manufacturing system, the box

manufacturing speed (packaging speed) can be increased. One reason is the following

reason c:

- Reason c: It is inferred that since an excellent evaluation on box manufacturability

is obtained, the packaging speed in a box manufacturing system can be increased while

the box manufacturability is secured. Further, it is inferred that when a box

manufacturing system is used, no unnecessary fold line forms in the corrugated

fiberboard box, and the strength of the corrugated fiberboard box can be secured. In

other words, it is inferred that even when a device unit (e.g., a packaging robot arm) that

builds an evaluation corrugated fiberboard piece folds and erects the corrugated

fiberboard material to be built at a high speed, the corrugated fiberboard material bends at

scores and creases (bending at locations other than the scores and creases is reduced).

[0354] [1-C. Third Embodiment]

In the following, a box manufacturing material, box manufacturing goods, and a

joining method of joining box manufacturing materials together as a third embodiment

will be described.

The box manufacturing material of the third embodiment is an accordion-folded

corrugated fiberboard material formed by a continuous corrugated fiberboard (a paper

material) in which rectangular sheets are folded up. As this corrugated fiberboard

material, various types of corrugated fiberboards listed below can be adopted:

- Single-wall corrugated fiberboard: a fiberboard in which linerboards are provided

on both sides of a corrugating medium

- Single-face corrugated fiberboard: a corrugated fiberboard in which a linerboard is

provided on one side of a corrugating medium

[0355] In the following, a basic structure of the corrugated fiberboard material will be described in Item [1], and then a detailed configuration common to the

embodiments will be described in Item [2], and then a configuration specific to each

embodiment will be described in Item [3]. Workings and effects produced by the

configurations of Item [3] will be described in Item [4].

Elements that are the same as the elements already described in the first and second

embodiments are denoted by the same reference signs.

[0356] [1. Basic Structure of Corrugated Fiberboard Material]

In this item, a structure of the corrugated fiberboard material having been folded up

(hereinafter referred to as a "folded-up structure") will be described, and thereafter basic

parameters of the corrugated fiberboard material will be described.

[0357] <Folded-up Structure>

As shown in FIG. 1 already described in the first embodiment, the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 according to the third embodiment is a box manufacturing material

having a rectangular parallelepiped form.

In the corrugated fiberboard material 1, the continuous rectangular sheets 2 (in FIG.

1, only some are denoted by the reference sign) are folded back at fold lines F (in FIG. 1,

the height direction.

same as the folded-up structure already described in the first embodiment.

[0358] [Basic Parameters]

In this item, basic parameters such as the size of the corrugated fiberboard material 1

and the thickness dimension of the sheet 2 will be described.

--- Size --

The size of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is determined by the following

dimensions Li to L3:

- Longitudinal dimension L: a dimension in the longitudinal direction (a first

dimension)

- Height dimension L3: a dimension in the height direction (a third dimension)

The smaller these dimensions LI to L3 are, the further a box to be manufactured

preferable that the dimensions LI to L3 be within the ranges shown in the

above-described Table 2.

[0359] --- Thickness Dimension --

For the sheets 2 in the corrugated fiberboard material 1 according to the third

embodiment, the thickness dimensions of various standards can be adopted such as A

C flute with a thickness dimension of 4 [mm], and double flute combining two arbitrary

types of flutes (with a thickness dimension of 6 to 10 [mm]), and a thickness dimension

that is not standardized may also be adopted.

[0360] As the thickness dimension increases, cushioning properties tend to

the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is preferably 1 [mm] to 10 [mm] and more

preferably 3 [mm] to 8 [mm].

[0361] <Others>

In addition, when the number of the fold lines F in the corrugated fiberboard

material 1 is represented by N [lines], the number of the sheets 2 is N + 1 [sheets]. In

this case, N + 1 [layers] sheets 2 are laid on top of one another in the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

To go into more details, the height dimension of one layer corresponding to one sheet 2 can be calculated by dividing the height dimension L3 of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1by N +1, the number of layers of the sheets 2. The height

2 in the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

[0362] Examples of the number of layers in the corrugated fiberboard material 1

include various numbers of layers, for example, 10 to 1000 [layers].

From the relationship between the height dimension L3 and the number of layers as

described above, a preferable range set for the number N of the fold lines F in the

corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be calculated. Specifically, a range of values each

obtained by subtracting "1" from a value obtained by dividing the height dimension L3

within the preferable range by the thickness dimension of the sheet 2 can be

approximated as a preferable range set for the number N of the fold lines F.

[0363] An arbitrary basis weight can be set for the sheets 2 used in the corrugated

fiberboard material 1. The range of the basis weight adopted for the sheets 2 can be a

range of 50 to 1500 [g/m 2 ], preferably a range of 100 to 1000 [g/m 2 ], more preferably a

range of 200 to 800 [g/m 2 ], and further preferably a range of 200 to 600 [g/m 2].

the sheets 2.

[0364] [2. Detailed Structure]

Next, as the detailed structure of the corrugated fiberboard material 1, a structure for

joining the corrugated fiberboard materials 1 together will be described with reference to

FIG. 10. First, as matters that constitute premises, box manufacturing goods 30

manufactured from the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and a box manufacturing system

100 will be described.

--- Box manufacturing Goods --

The box manufacturing goods 30 include the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and a

pallet 40 on which the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is placed.

[0365] The pallet 40 is a loading and unloading base on which the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is placed, and is provided with a base on which the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 is placed and at least one pair of spaces (not shown) into and from

which forks of a forklift are inserted and pulled out.

The pallet 40 is disposed on a lower side relatively to the corrugated fiberboard

material 1. In other words, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is placed on the pallet

40 in a posture in which a bottom surface faces downward. The pallet 40 illustrated

here has the same or substantially the same rectangular shape as the corrugated fiberboard

material 1 as seen in a top view.

[0366] --- Box Manufacturing System --

As described above, the box manufacturing system 100 is a device that manufactures

corrugated fiberboard boxes using the corrugated fiberboard material 1 as a box

manufacturing material. In a feeding process of the box manufacturing system 100, the

sheets 2 are sequentially sent out from an upper side of the corrugated fiberboard material

1 onto a path of the box manufacturing system 100.

[0367] Specifically, in the feeding process of the box manufacturing system 100, a rotating body 110 having a triangular shape as seen in a side view is provided as a

member that supports the sheets 2. The rotating body 110 is rotatably supported by a

pillar 112. The sheets 2 are laid on an upper side of the rotating body 110 and disposed

along the path (not shown) of the box manufacturing system 100 through a guide roll 114

(so-called "paper passing").

The sheets 2 lifted by the rotating body 110 are spread out while being lifted upward

from an upper surface of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 and transferred to a

downstream side in the transfer direction MD.

"Developing" in this Description means unfolding, at the fold lines F, the sheets 2

that have been folded up in accordion folding by being folded back at the fold lines F.

[0368] <Joining of Corrugated Fiberboard Materials>

In the two box manufacturing goods 30 shown in FIG. 10, to secure a continuous

dimension of the corrugated fiberboard material 1, one corrugated fiberboard material 1A

is joined to another corrugated fiberboard material 1B. In FIG. 10, the corrugated

fiberboard material of the box manufacturing goods 30 that is being passed through the

box manufacturing system 100 and is thus in use (afirst box manufacturing material, also

referred to as a "first corrugated fiberboard material") is identified by reference sign 1A.

The corrugated fiberboard material that is not being passed through the box

manufacturing system 100 and is thus on standby (a second box manufacturing material,

also referred to as a "second corrugated fiberboard material") is identified by reference

sign 1B.

[0369] In FIG. 10, the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A is disposed on the

downstream side in the transfer direction MD relatively to the second corrugated

fiberboard material 1B.

A lower sheet 24 that is located in the lowermost layer and forms a bottom surface

on the lower side among the sheets 2 in the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A and an

upper sheet 26 that is located in the uppermost layer and forms an upper surface among

the sheets 2 in the second corrugated fiberboard material lB are joined together.

Therefore, the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard material lB is fed to

the box manufacturing system 100 following the lower sheet 24 of the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A.

[0370] <Joint Part>

To join the corrugated fiberboard materials 1 together, a joint part 50 is provided.

In the following description, the joint part 50 of thefirst corrugated fiberboard material

1A will be described as an example.

The joint part 50 is a sheet-shaped part that is provided as an add-on to the lower sheet 24 that forms the bottom surface on the lower side in the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A, and that is extended from an end edge 24A of the lower sheet 24 located on the side in the lateral direction (the left side in the sheet of FIG. 10) on which the sheet 2 other than the lower sheet 24 is not connected. In other words, the end edge 24A from which the joint part 50 is extended is an end edge on the side of the lower sheet 24 on which the fold line F is not provided.

[0371] The joint part 50 is extended from the end edge 24A of the lower sheet 24

toward one side in the lateral direction (the left side in the sheet of FIG. 10) in a state of

being joined to the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B. The end edge 24A forms

a terminal end (a terminal end edge) of the sheets 2 composing the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A when the sheets 2 are disposed along the transfer direction MD.

Since the joint part 50 extended from the end edge 24A is included, a lead for

joining the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B on standby to

the lower sheet 24 of thefirst corrugated fiberboard material 1A in use is secured.

[0372] <Process>

A process for joining the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A and the second

corrugated fiberboard material lB together includes the following steps S to S3:

Step S1: a pre-step of preparing the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A and the

second corrugated fiberboard material B to be joined to the first corrugated fiberboard

material 1A

Step S2: an intermediate step of moving the upper sheet 26 that forms the upper

surface of the sheets 2 in the second corrugated fiberboard material lB to a position at

which the upper sheet 26 is joined to the lower sheet 24 that forms the bottom surface on

the lower side of the sheets 2 in the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A

Step S3: a post-step of joining the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated

fiberboard material lB to the lower sheet 24 of thefirst corrugated fiberboard material

1A

[0373] As a specific example of step S2, the upper sheet 26 is developed on a fold line FT in the uppermost layer as an axis, on the other side of the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B in the lateral direction (the right side in the sheet of FIG. 10). As a result, an end edge 26A of the upper sheet 26 is moved to the position at which the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B is joined to the lower sheet 24 of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A, specifically, to the vicinity of the end edge 24A of the lower sheet 24.

Here, the end edge 26A is an end edge of the upper sheet 26 located on the side in

the lateral direction on which the sheet 2 other than the upper sheet 26, specifically the

sheet 2 that is folded back under the upper sheet 26 through the fold line F, is not

connected. The end edge 26A forms a starting end (a leading end) of the sheets 2

composing the second corrugated fiberboard material B when the sheets 2 are disposed

along the transfer direction MD.

[0374] When joining the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard

material lB to the lower sheet 24 of the first corrugated fiberboard material lA in step S3,

it is preferable that the orientations of the surfaces of the lower sheet 24 and the upper

sheet 26 be matched.

Here, one of the two surfaces of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard constituting

the corrugated fiberboard material 1 that is a surface of a linerboard bonded to the

corrugating medium by a single facer will be referred to as a "single facer side" and the

other surface will be referred to as a "glue machine side." Matching the orientations of

the surfaces means matching the orientations of the single facer side and the glue

machine side in both the lower sheet 24 and the upper sheet 26.

When passing the corrugated fiberboard material 1 through the box manufacturing

system 100, it is preferable that the corrugated fiberboard material 1 be disposed

relatively to the box manufacturing system 100 such that the surface on the glue machine

side corresponds to the front linerboard side (a surface facing outside after box

manufacturing).

[0375] [3. Specific Examples]

In specific examples to be described below, the following three types will be

illustrated as specific forms of the joint part 50:

Form 1: using a sheet piece that is separate from the first corrugated fiberboard

material 1A

Form 2: using a sheet-shaped part that is integrally connected to the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A

Form 3: retrofitting a sheet piece that is separate from the first corrugated fiberboard

material 1A

[0376] [3.1. First Specific Example]

In this item, a joint part according to Form 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

11 and FIG. 12. First, the configuration of the joint part according to Form 1 will be

described with reference to FIG. 11. Then, a process for providing the joint part of

Form 1 to the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A will be described with reference to

FIG. 12.

The joint part 50 shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 is formed by an extension part 51.

The extension part 51 is a part of a sheet piece 52 excluding an attaching part 52A (see

FIG. 12) that the sheet piece 52 has and that is a part attached to the lower surface of the

lower sheet 24 of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A. The extension part 51 can

also be called a separate extension part or a separate joint part for which a sheet piece that

is separate from the lower sheet 24 (the sheet 2 constituting a part of the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A) is used.

[0377] The sheet piece 52 is a sheet separate from the lower sheet 24, and the

attaching part 52A that is a part thereof is attached to the lower surface of the lower sheet

24. Examples of attaching means for attaching the attaching part 52A to the lower sheet

24 include an adhesive agent and an adhesive tape.

The extension part 51 is a part (the other part) of the sheet piece 52 other than the

attaching part 52A, and is a part extended from the end edge 24A of the lower sheet 24 in a state of being joined to the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B shown in FIG. 11.

On an upper surface of the extension part 51 (one of upper and lower surfaces), an

attaching surface to which the upper sheet 26 (see FIG. 10) of the second corrugated

fiberboard material 1B (see FIG. 10) is to be joined is provided.

[0378] The attaching surface of the extension part 51 illustrated here is formed by

a bonding surface provided with bonding means, such as an adhesive agent or a

double-faced tape (an adhesive tape), and the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated

fiberboard material lB is attached to the extension part 51 by this bonding means. As

one example, the sheet piece 52 may be formed by an adhesive sheet with a bonding

surface provided on its entire upper surface.

Factors of the bonding surface, including the bonding strength, are appropriately set

such that a joint between the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A and the second

corrugated fiberboard material lB (see FIG. 10) is maintained.

[0379] When an adhesive tape is used to attach the extension part 51 and the

upper sheet 26 to each other, it is preferable that that tape member contains a metal

material. The "metal material" here can be contained in the tape member in such a form

as to be detectable at least by a sensor that detects a metal form, and it does not matter

whether it can be perceived by an operator or detected by an optical sensor.

Examples of the metal material include various types of materials such as aluminum,

aluminum glass, stainless steel, lead, and copper. From the viewpoint of securing heat

resistance and durability, an aluminum-based metal material is preferable. If the tape

member contains a metal material, the extension part 51 (the joint part 50) can be

detected by a sensor that detects a metal material. This contributes to, for example,

excluding a sheet including the extension part 51 (the joint part 50) as defective.

[0380] <Process>

The sheet piece 52 forming the extension part 51 is attached in advance to the lower

surface of the lower sheet 24 of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A before the first

corrugated fiberboard material 1A is manufactured into the box manufacturing goods 30.

Therefore, step Si described above includes the following step A1:

Step Al: a preliminary step of, before placing the first corrugated fiberboard

material lA on the pallet 40, fixing the sheet piece 52 in a state where the attaching part

52A (one part) is attached to the lower surface of the lower sheet 24 of the first

corrugated fiberboard material lA while the extension part 51 (the other part) is extended

In step S3 described above, the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard

material B is attached to the extension part 51 of the sheet piece 52 fixed in the

preliminary step.

[0381] Specifically, in step Al described above, the sheet piece 52 is first

disposed on an upper surface 41 of the pallet 40 as shown in FIG. 12. Here, the sheet

piece 52 is disposed such that the attaching part 52A is placed on the pallet 40 and the

extension part 51 is extended to one side in the lateral direction from the pallet 40.

Attaching means for attaching the lower sheet 24 is prepared for the attaching part 52A.

Next, the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A is placed on the pallet 40 in a

posture in which the lower sheet 24 faces downward. Thus, the sheet piece 52 is fixed

to the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A in a state where the attaching part 52A is

attached to the lower surface of the sheet 24 while the extension part 51 is extended.

[0382] <Load Form>

As indicated by the long dashed double-short dashed line in FIG. 11, the extension

part 51 can be provided along a side surface IS of the first corrugated fiberboard material

1A that extends along both the longitudinal direction and the height direction. When

performing joining work, an operator develops the extension part 51 by folding it down

toward the one side in the lateral direction from the posture along the side surface IS. The first corrugated fiberboard material 1A (the box manufacturing goods 30) can be

wrapped in a posture in which the extension part 51 is along the side surface IS. Here, wrapping means covering side surfaces on four sides and an upper surface of

the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A with a cover member (not shown), such as a

stretch film.

The cover member (not shown) covers the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A so

as to include the extension part 51 that is in the posture along the side surface IS as

described above.

When a bonding surface is provided on the attaching surface of the extension part 51,

the bonding surface may have a releasing paper (a protective sheet) attached thereto until

the joining work is performed to maintain the bonding performance.

[0383] [3.2. Second Specific Example]

In this item, an extension sheet as the joint part 50 according to Form 2 will be

described with reference to FIG. 13 to FIG. 15. First, the configuration of the joint part

50 according to Form 2 will be described with reference to FIG. 13. Then, a procedure

of extending the joint part 50 according to Form 2 will be described with reference to FIG.

14 and FIG. 15.

The joint part 50 shown in FIG. 13 to FIG. 15 is formed by an extension sheet (an

extension part) 53 that is a sheet-shaped part integrally connected to the lower sheet 24 of

the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A through a lower fold line FX. The lower fold

line FX is a fold line disposed at a lowest part on the one side in the lateral direction in a

posture in which the lower sheet 24 is disposed on the lower side, and is provided along

the end edge 24A of the lower sheet 24. While the fold lines F are fold lines at which

the sheets 2 are folded back, the lower fold line FX is a fold line at which the sheet 2 is

not folded back and instead the extension sheet 53 is connected to the lower sheet 24. In

this respect, the lower fold line FX is a fold line different from the fold lines F.

The extension sheet 53 can be called an integrated extension part or an integrated

joint part that is integrally connected to the lower sheet 24 (the sheet 2 constituting a part

of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A).

[0384] The extension sheet 53 is extended from the end edge 24A of the lower

sheet 24 in a state of being joined to the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B shown

in FIG. 13. An upper surface (one of upper and lower surfaces) of the extension sheet

53 forms an attaching surface to which the upper sheet 26 (see FIG. 10) of the second

corrugated fiberboard material 1B (see FIG. 10) is to be joined.

The sheet-shaped part forming the extension sheet 53 in FIG. 13 has the same

dimensions as the sheet 2 (see FIG. 1) constituting a part of the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A. If the extension sheet 53 is folded back at the lower fold line

FX toward the other side in the lateral direction (the right side in the sheet of FIG. 13),

the extension sheet 53 is folded onto the lower side of the sheet 24.

[0385] The upper sheet 26 (see FIG. 10) of the second corrugated fiberboard

material 1B (see FIG. 10) is attached to the extension sheet 53. For attaching,

appropriate attaching means such as an adhesive tape or an adhesive agent may be

adopted.

One example of a form of attaching the extension sheet 53 and the upper sheet 26 to

each other is to attach a double-faced tape to the upper surface of the extension sheet 53

and attach a lower surface of the upper sheet 26 (see FIG. 10) of the second corrugated

fiberboard material lB (see FIG. 10) to the double-faced tape.

Factors of the attaching means, including the strength, are appropriately set such that

a joint between the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A and the second corrugated

fiberboard material 1B is maintained.

[0386] <Process>

To install the extension sheet 53 on the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A, step

Si described above includes the following steps B Ito B4:

Step B1: a first step of, in a posture in which the lower sheet 24 is disposed on the

upper side in the corrugated fiberboard material 1A, developing a sheet 27 (the extension

sheet 53) that is a sheet-shaped part integrally connected to the lower sheet 24 through the

lower fold line FX (see FIG. 14)

Here, the sheet 27 is a sheet-shaped part intended to form the extension sheet 53, and

is connected to the lower sheet 24 through the lower fold line FX on the side of the end

edge 24A of the lower sheet 24.

Step B2: a second step of holding the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A in

which the sheet 27 (the extension sheet 53) has been developed in the first step, between

a first pallet 40A located on the upper side relatively to the first corrugated fiberboard

material 1A and a second pallet 40B located on the lower side relatively to the first

corrugated fiberboard material 1A (see FIG. 14, FIG. 15)

Step B3: a third step of reversing thefirst corrugated fiberboard material 1A held

between the first pallet 40A and the second pallet 40B in the second step to a posture in

which the lower sheet 24 is disposed on the lower side (see FIG. 7)

Step B4: a fourth step of removing the first pallet 40A from the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A of which the posture has been reversed in the third step (see FIG.

13)

In step S3, the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B is

attached to the extension sheet 53.

[0387] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 14, first, the first corrugated fiberboard

material 1A is put in a posture in which the lower sheet 24 is disposed on the upper side,

and is placed on the first pallet 40A.

Next, in the posture in which the lower sheet 24 is disposed on the upper side, the

sheet 27 (indicated by the long dashed double-short dashed lines in FIG. 14) laid on the

upper side of the lower sheet 24 (the uppermost layer) is developed toward the other side

in the lateral direction (the right side in the sheet of FIG. 14) through the lower fold line

FX. The developed sheet 27 is represented by the solid lines in FIG. 14.

Subsequently, the second pallet 40B is placed on the upper side of the lower sheet 24

now forming the uppermost layer. Thus, the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A is

held between the first pallet 40A and the second pallet 40B.

[0388] Then, as shown in FIG. 15, the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A

held between the first pallet 40A and the second pallet 40B is rotated (reversed) 180[°]

around an axis along the longitudinal direction.

Thereafter, the first pallet 40A is removed from the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A.

Thus, the sheet 27 forms the extension sheet 53 extended from the end edge 24A of

the lower sheet 24 of thefirst corrugated fiberboard material 1A (see FIG. 13).

[0389] Rotation of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A in step B3 is

performed using a forklift having a reversing mechanism that reverses the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A (the box manufacturing goods 30) by holding it from the upper

and lower sides.

The reversing mechanism of the forklift is composed of, for example, an upper fork

and a lower fork disposed apart from each other in an up-down direction and a rotating

mechanism that supports the upper fork and the lower fork so as to be able to rotate

(reverse) them. In step B3, the forklift rotates the first corrugatedfiberboard material

1A with the lower fork inserted into the first pallet 40A and the upper fork inserted into

the second pallet 40B. The forklift having the reversing mechanism is a commonly

known technology.

[0390] <Load Form>

As indicated by the long dashed double-short dashed lines in FIG. 13, the extension

sheet 53 can be provided along the side surface IS of the first corrugated fiberboard

material 1A that extends along both the longitudinal direction and the height direction.

When performing joining work, an operator develops the extension sheet 53 by folding it

down toward the one side in the lateral direction from the posture along the side surface

is.

The first corrugated fiberboard material 1A (the box manufacturing goods 30) can be

wrapped in a posture in which the extension sheet 53 is along the side surface 1S.

In this case, the cover member (not shown) used for wrapping covers the side

surfaces on four sides and the upper surface of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 so as

to include the extension sheet 53 provided along the side surface1S as described above.

[0391] [3.3. Third Specific Example]

In this item, a joint part according to Form 3 will be described with reference to FIG.

16 and FIG. 17. First, the detailed configuration of a pallet 42 used for the box

manufacturing goods 30 of Form 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

Then, a procedure of retrofitting the joint part to the box manufacturing goods 30 of Form

3 will be described.

The joint part 50 shown in FIG. 16 is formed by an extension part 55 (see the long

dashed double-short dashed lines in FIG. 16). The extension part 55 is a part of a sheet

piece, similar to the sheet piece 52 of the above-described first embodiment, excluding an

attaching part (not shown) that is a part attached to the lower surface of the lower sheet

24.

The pallet 42 of the box manufacturing goods 30 is provided with a recess 44 that

forms a space 44S communicating with an outside under the end edge 24A of the lower

sheet 24 located on the side in the lateral direction at which the sheet 2 other than the

lower sheet 24 is not connected (the left side in the sheet of FIG. 16).

[0392] In this specific example, the recess 44 is a cutout part located on one side

among four sides of the square U-shaped pallet 42 that is along the end edge 24A in a

state where the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A is placed on the pallet 42. In

other words, the pallet 42 is formed in a square U-shape as seen in a top view.

In the state where the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A is placed on the pallet

42, the recess 44 forms a working space for an operator to access the lower surface of the

lower sheet 24 and fix the sheet piece 52 (indicated by the long dashed double-short

dashed line in FIG. 16) to the lower surface of the lower sheet 24.

[0393] It is preferable that the dimensions of the recess 44 be set from the

viewpoint of securing workability and stability.

Specifically, when the dimensions of the pallet 42 are 1150 [mm] in the lateral

direction and 1000 [mm] in the longitudinal direction, it is preferable that the dimensions

of the recess 44 be within the following range.

[0394] It is preferable that the dimensions of the recess 44 be > 25 [mm] in the lateral direction and > 150 [mm] in the longitudinal direction from the viewpoint of securing workability, and be 100 [mm] in the lateral direction and ! 470 [mm] in the longitudinal direction from the viewpoint of securing stability. It is more preferable that the dimensions be 50 [mm] in the lateral direction and 310 [mm] in the longitudinal direction. By setting the lower limit for the dimensions in the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction as described above, a sufficient space can be secured for the work of manually attaching the sheet piece 52 (the joint part 50) forming the extension part 55.

Further, by setting the upper limit to the dimensions in the lateral direction and the

longitudinal direction as described above, stability can be secured as the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A becomes less likely to collapse when subjected to shock during

transportation, for example.

[0395] <Process>

To retrofit (fix) the sheet piece forming the extension part 55 to the box

manufacturing goods 30, step Si described above includes the following step C1:

Step C1: an after step of, after placing the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A on

the pallet 42, fixing the sheet piece in a state where the one part (the attaching part) is

attached to the lower surface of the lower sheet 24 through the recess 44 while the other

part (the extension part 55) is extended from the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A

material lB is attached to the other part (the extension part 55) of the sheet piece.

[0396] <Modified Examples of Form 3>

As modified examples of the pallet 42 used in Form 3, the following Modified

Examples 1 to 3 will be presented:

- Modified Example 1: As shown in FIG. 18, a recess 440 has a bottom surface

440A. In this case, there is an advantage in that the stability is higher than that in the

case of the pallet 42 having the recess 44 shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17. Compared

with the structure having the recess 440 of FIG. 18, the pallet 42 having the recess 44 shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 has the advantage of being able to secure a larger working space as the space 44S is larger in the up-down direction.

- Modified Example 2: The recess 44 is provided on two or more sides among the

four sides of the pallet 42. This Modified Example 2 has an advantage in that greater

flexibility is allowed in the relationship between the orientation of the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A and the position of the recess 44 when placing the first corrugated

fiberboard material 1A on the pallet 42.

- Modified Example 3: As seen in a top view, the dimensions of the pallet 42 are

smaller than the dimensions of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A. In this case,

the entire periphery of the pallet 42 serves as a recess that forms a space communicating

with the outside under the sheet 24. In this case, there is an advantage in that the

configuration of the pallet 2 is simple.

[0397] [4. Workings and Effects]

Configured as has been described above, the specific examples relating to the third

embodiment can produce the following workings and effects.

(1) According to the first specific example, the first corrugated fiberboard material

1A includes the joint part 50, and the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard

material 1B is joined to the lower sheet 24 of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A

by the joint part 50.

Thus, the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B can be joined to the first

corrugated fiberboard material 1A, and a continuous dimension of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 can be secured.

Further, since the joint part 50 is a sheet-shaped part extended from the end edge

24A of the lower sheet 24, an operator can easily perform the joining work without

having trouble accessing the lower surface of the lower sheet 24 of thefirst corrugated

fiberboard material 1A for the joining work. Thus, the efficiency of the joining work

can be improved.

[0398] Securing a continuous dimension of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can relieve work such as the work of charging the corrugated fiberboard material 1 into the box manufacturing system 100 and the work of disposing the corrugated fiberboard material 1 along the path of the box manufacturing system (so-called "paper passing").

Thus, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 of this embodiment also contributes to

improving the operating rate (the productivity) of an automatic packaging machine.

[0399] (2) In the first specific example described above, the joint part 50 is

formed by the extension part 51 that is part of the sheet piece 52 separate from the lower

sheet 24, excluding the attaching part 52A. The upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated

fiberboard material 1B is attached to the extension part 51. There is an advantage in that

the joint part 50 can be retrofitted to thefirst corrugated fiberboard material 1A.

(3) In the second specific example described above, the joint part 50 is formed by

the extension sheet 53 that is a sheet-shaped part integrally connected to the lower sheet

24 through the lower fold line FX that is a fold line different from the fold lines F. The

upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B is attached to the

extension sheet 53. There is an advantage in that the joint part 50 can be formed by

using a part of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A.

Also in (2) and (3), the second corrugated fiberboard material lB can be joined to

the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A and a continuous dimension of the corrugated

fiberboard material 1 can be secured. Moreover, the efficiency of the joining work is

improved.

[0400] (4) In the box manufacturing goods 30 of the third specific example, the

pallet 42 on which the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A is placed has the recess 44

that forms a space communicating with the outside under the end edge 24A of the lower

sheet 24. Thus, a working space is secured for an operator to access the lower surface of

the lower sheet 24 of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A and fix the sheet piece

(the joint part 50) constituting the extension part 55.

This makes it possible to fix one part (the attaching part) of the sheet piece to the

lower surface of the lower sheet 24 through the recess 44 and attach the upper sheet 26 of the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B to the other part (the extension part 55) of the sheet piece.

Therefore, a continuous dimension of the corrugated fiberboard material 1 can be

secured. Moreover, the efficiency of the joining work can be improved.

The timing of attaching the sheet piece constituting the extension part 55 to the first

corrugated fiberboard material 1A is not limited to after thefirst corrugated fiberboard

material 1A is placed on the pallet 42 (afterward) and may instead be before the first

corrugated fiberboard material 1A is placed on the pallet 42 (beforehand).

[0401] (6) Since the joint part 50 (the extension part 51, the extension sheet 53) is

provided along the side surface IS extending along both the longitudinal direction and

the height direction, the load form of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A (the box

manufacturing goods) can be made compact. In this case, the joint part 50 (the

extension part 51, the extension sheet 53) provided along the side surface IS of the

corrugated fiberboard material 1A serves as a support plate for supporting the side surface

IS of the corrugated fiberboard material 1A. Thus, a restraining effect on load

collapsing of the corrugated fiberboard material 1A is also exhibited.

(7) The box manufacturing goods 30 include the first corrugated fiberboard material

1A and the pallet 40. In the box manufacturing goods 30, the transferability and the

storability of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A can be improved.

[0402] [5. Modified Examples Relating to Third Embodiment]

The above-described third embodiment is merely an example, and it is not intended

to exclude various modifications and applications of the technology that are not clearly

shown in this embodiment. The configurations of this embodiment can be implemented

with various modifications made thereto within a range that does not depart from the gist

of the configurations. Further, the configurations can be selectively adopted as

necessary as well as be appropriately combined with one another.

[0403] For example, the joint part 50 provided in thefirst corrugated fiberboard

material 1A has been described above as an example, but the joint part 50 may be provided in the second corrugated fiberboard material 1B. This means that three or more corrugated fiberboard materials 1 may be sequentially joined to one another.

The corrugated fiberboard material 1is not limited to one formed by a single

(seamless) continuous corrugated fiberboard folded up in accordion folding. For

example, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 may be a corrugated fiberboard material

formed by joining a plurality of flat plate-shaped sheets together into a continuous

corrugated fiberboard and folding up this continuous corrugated fiberboard in accordion

folding.

Further, the corrugated fiberboard material 1 is not limited to a corrugated

fiberboard material using a corrugated fiberboard as a paper material, and may be any

box manufacturing material that is formed by a continuous paper material folded up in

accordion folding. For example, the present invention is also applicable to a box

manufacturing cardboard material formed by a continuous cardboard folded up in

accordion folding.

[0404] The sheet piece 52 constituting the extension parts 51, 55 is not limited to

an adhesive sheet, and may instead be a sheet piece that does not have a bonding surface.

In this case, the sheet piece 52 constituting the extension parts 51, 55 is attached to the

lower sheet 24 of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A and the upper sheet 26 of the

second corrugated fiberboard material 1B by attaching means such as a double-faced tape,

a single-faced tape, or an adhesive agent.

The sheet-shaped part constituting the extension sheet 53 may be a sheet having

dimensions different from the dimensions of the other sheets 2 (see FIG. 1) that are

stacked in accordion folding in the corrugated fiberboard material 1.

[0405] In step BI described above (FIG. 14, FIG. 15), the case where one sheet

27 (the extension sheet 53) connected through the lower fold line FX in the uppermost

layer of the first corrugated fiberboard material lA in the posture in which the lower sheet

24 is disposed on the upper side is developed has been described as an example, but the

lower fold line FX is not limited thereto. For example, the lower fold line FX may be a fold line that is located below the uppermost layer of the first corrugated fiberboard material 1A in the posture in which the lower sheet 24 is disposed on the upper side. In this case, a plurality of sheets 27 from the uppermost layer to the layer where the lower fold line FX is present is developed, so that the dimension that the extension sheet 53 is extended can be made longer than when one sheet 27 (the extension sheet 53) connected through the lower fold line FX located in the uppermost layer in the posture in which the lower sheet 24 is disposed on the upper side is developed.

[0406] The shapes of the pallets 40, 42 are not limited to those described above.

In the pallet 42, the shape of the cutout part as the recess 44 is not limited to that of a

square U-shape as seen in a top view. As long as a space communicating with the

outside under the end edge 24A of the sheet 24 is formed, the cutout part may have any

shape, such as a semicircular shape or a triangular shape as seen in a top view.

[0407] [III. Modified Examples]

The embodiments described above are merely examples, and it is not intended to

exclude various modifications and applications of the technology that are not clearly

shown in these embodiments. The configurations of the embodiments can be

implemented with various modifications made thereto within a range that does not depart

from the gist of the configurations. Further, the configurations can be selectively

adopted as necessary as well as be appropriately combined with one another.

For example, when the corrugated fiberboard material is a material for a box

manufacturing system, it is preferable that the fold lines have not undergone additional

processing of slots, perforations, and the like that are intentionally formed, and it is

preferable that the fold lines correspond to locations at which the corrugated fiberboard

material is folded back 180 [°] from a score or a crease provided in a front layer of the

linerboard as a starting point (e.g., with the score or the crease on the inner side). On

the other hand, when the corrugated fiberboard material is a material for other purposes

than a box manufacturing system, the fold lines may have undergone processing of slots,

perforations, and the like.

[0408] The purposes of the above-described accordion-folded corrugated

fiberboard material is not limited to the purpose as a box manufacturing material used for

a box manufacturing system.

There are various ways to utilize the accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard

material that take advantage of the structure in which a plurality of sheets is connected

through the fold lines unlike conventional separate leaves of corrugated fiberboard sheets.

For example, the accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material can also be

handled with the sheets developed, as a web-shaped paper material having a long

dimension in the extension direction.

[0409] Examples of ways to utilize the accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard

material as a web-shaped paper material include the following purposes:

Use as a disaster supply: This material can be attached to windows and thereby used

to protect the windows from breaking during a typhoon. In addition, this material can

be used as a partition to protect privacy and relieve stress at an evacuation center, and can

be used as a cushioning material or a mat that provides protection against the cold.

Use at events and activities: This material can be used to create objects, such as

signboards, for events and school activities.

Use as a construction or moving-house material: When it is necessary to temporarily

protect doors, walls, gates, etc. at a site of construction or a site of moving-house, this

material can be used as a protective material of a type that is attached to the target (a

covering material). It can be used also as a protective material of a type that is wound

around the target (a wrapping material).

[0410] The linerboard containerboards and the corrugating medium

containerboards used for the above-described corrugated fiberboard materials and

measurement corrugated fiberboard materials are not limited to the products of the part

numbers presented in the examples, and a linerboard containerboard produced by the

manufacturing method of a corrugated fiberboard linerboard of Japanese Patent No.

6213364 or a corrugating medium containerboard produced by the manufacturing method of a corrugated fiberboard containerboard of Japanese Unexamined Patent Application

Publication No. 2017-218721 (JP 2017-218721 A) may be used.

[IV. Additional Statements]

Additional statements relating to the above embodiments will be disclosed.

[Additional Statement 1]

A corrugated fiberboard material that is an accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard

material formed by a continuous corrugated fiberboard in which rectangular sheets are

folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along a first direction toward a second

direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie,

and the sheets are stacked along a third direction that is a direction orthogonal to both the

first direction and the second direction and along a vertical direction, wherein the fold

lines have an OK fold line of a shape resulting from the sheet being folded back so as to

straddle only one of a plurality of ridges forming waves of the corrugated fiberboard.

[Additional Statement 2]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 1, wherein,

among all the fold lines, a ratio of the OK fold lines is 90 [%] or higher and a ratio of NG

fold lines having a shape resulting from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle two

or more of the ridges is 10 [%] or lower.

[Additional Statement 3]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 1 or 2,

wherein:

the sheet is a single-flute single-wall corrugated fiberboard; and

in a normal state of having undergone a 24-hour or longer pre-treatment under

temperature and humidity conditions with a temperature being 23 [°C] and a humidity

being 50 [%] in accordance with JIS Z0203:2000, the sheet has a thickness dimension of

2.0 [mm] or larger and 6.0 [mm] or smaller as measured in accordance with JCS

T0004:2000.

[Additional Statement 4]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to any one of Additional Statements

1 to 3, wherein a ratio of a dimension in the third direction at a central portion in the

second direction relative to a dimension in the third direction at an end portion in the first

direction and the second direction is higher than 99.0 [%].

[Additional Statement 5]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to any one of Additional Statements 1

to 4, wherein a difference of a dimension in the third direction at a central portion in the

second direction from a dimension in the third direction at an end portion in the first

direction and the second direction is smaller than 20 [cm].

[Additional Statement 6]

first direction and the second direction and along a vertical direction, wherein:

the fold lines include an OK fold line of a shape resulting from the sheet being

folded back so as to straddle only one of a plurality of ridges forming waves of the

corrugated fiberboard, and an NG fold line having a shape resulting from the sheet being

folded back so as to straddle two or more of the ridges; and

among all the fold lines, a ratio of the OK fold lines is 90 [%] or higher and a ratio

of the NG fold lines is 10 [%] or lower.

[Additional Statement 7]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 6, wherein:

the sheet is a single-flute single-wall corrugated fiberboard; and

in a normal state of having undergone a 24-hour or longer pre-treatment under

2.0 [mm] or larger and 6.0 [mm] or smaller as measured in accordance with JCS

T0004:2000.

[Additional Statement 8]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 6 or 7,

wherein a ratio of a dimension in the third direction at a central portion in the second

direction relative to a dimension in the third direction at an end portion in the first

direction and the second direction is higher than 99.0 [%].

[Additional Statement 9]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to any one of Additional Statements 6

to 8, wherein a difference of a dimension in the third direction at a central portion in the

direction and the second direction is smaller than 20 [cm].

[Additional Statement 10]

folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along afirst direction toward a second

the fold lines include a fold line of afirst shape that is a shape resulting from the

sheet being folded back so as to straddle only one of a plurality of ridges forming waves

of the corrugated fiberboard, and a fold line of a second shape that is a shape resulting

from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle two or more of the ridges; and

a ratio of the fold lines of the second shape among all the fold lines is 0.5 [%] or

higher and 13 [%] or lower.

[Additional Statement 11]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 10, wherein

the ratio of the fold lines of the second shape is 3.5 [%] or higher and 11.5 [%] or lower.

[Additional Statement 12]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 10 or 11,

wherein a mean-length fiber length that is a parameter corresponding to a length of pulp

fibers composing a corrugating medium containerboard used for the corrugated

fiberboard and that is measured in accordance with JIS P 8226-2:2011 is 0.75 [mm] or

longer and 1.35 [mm] or shorter.

[Additional Statement 13]

10 to 12, wherein a Runkel ratio that is a parameter representing a shape of the pulp

fibers composing the corrugating medium containerboard is 0.9 or higher and 1.3 or

lower.

[Additional Statement 14]

10 to 13, wherein:

a basis weight of the corrugating medium containerboard used for the corrugated

fiberboard is 110 [g/m 2 ] or larger and 200 [g/m 2 ] or smaller; and

a basis weight of a linerboard containerboard used for the corrugated fiberboard is

110 [g/m2 ] or larger and 270 [g/m 2 ] or smaller.

[Additional Statement 15]

10 to 14, wherein a ratio of a dimension in the third direction at a central portion in the

direction and the second direction is higher than 98.5 [%] and lower than 99.8 [%].

[Additional Statement 16]

10 to 15, wherein a difference of a dimension in the third direction at a central portion in

the second direction from a dimension in the third direction at an end portion in the first

direction and the second direction is larger than 3 [cm] and smaller than 30 [cm].

[Additional Statement 17]

A corrugated fiberboard box using the corrugated fiberboard material according to

any one of Additional Statements 1 to 16.

[Additional Statement 18]

material formed by a continuous single-wall corrugated fiberboard in which rectangular

the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked along a third direction that is orthogonal to

both the first direction and the second direction, wherein:

a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction

other are stacked such that front linerboards of the sheets contact each other is 17 [°] or

larger and 30 [°] or smaller; and

a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction

larger and 30 [] or smaller.

[Additional Statement 19]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 18, wherein

arithmetic average surface roughness Sa in accordance with IS025178 of each of the

front linerboard and the back linerboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower.

[Additional Statement 20]

the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked along a third direction that is orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction, wherein: a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction corresponding to the second direction when the sheets that are not continuous with each other are stacked such that front linerboards of the sheets contact each other, as a parameter corresponding to transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material in a form in which the sheets are stacked in accordion folding, is 17 [°] or larger and 30 [°] or smaller; and a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction corresponding to the second direction when the sheets that are not continuous with each other are stacked such that back linerboards of the sheets contact each other, as a parameter corresponding to transferability of the corrugated fiberboard material in a form in which the sheets are stacked in accordion folding, is 17 [°] or larger and 30 [°] or smaller.

[Additional Statement 21]

sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along afirst direction

both the first direction and the second direction, wherein arithmetic average surface

roughness Sa in accordance with IS025178 of each of a front linerboard and a back

linerboard constituting parts of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard is 5.0 [pm] or

higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower.

[Additional Statement 22]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 21, wherein

a ratio of the roughness Sa of the back linerboard relative to the roughness Sa of the front

linerboard is 3.0 or lower.

[Additional Statement 23]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 22, wherein

the ratio of the roughness Sa of the back linerboard relative to the roughness Sa of the

front linerboard is 2.0 or lower.

[Additional Statement 24]

21 to 23, wherein:

a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction

larger and 30 [°] or smaller; and

a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction

larger and 30 [] or smaller.

[Additional Statement 25]

both the first direction and the second direction, wherein:

basis weights of linerboard containerboards forming a front linerboard and a back

linerboard constituting parts of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard are 170 [g/m 2 ] and a

basis weight of a corrugating medium containerboard forming a corrugating medium

constituting a part of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard is 120 [g/m 2 ] or larger and 160

[g/m 2 ] or smaller; arithmetic average surface roughness Sa in accordance with IS025178 of each of

the front linerboard and the back linerboard constituting parts of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard as a parameter corresponding to asperity of a surface is 5.0 [Pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower; and the arithmetic average roughness Sa is adjusted by the basis weights of the linerboard containerboards and the basis weight of the corrugating medium containerboard.

[Additional Statement 26]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 25, wherein

linerboard is 3.0 or lower.

[Additional Statement 27]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 26, wherein

front linerboard is 2.0 or lower.

[Additional Statement 28]

25 to 27, wherein:

a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction

other are stacked such that the front linerboards of the sheets contact each other is 17[]

or larger and 30 [°] or smaller; and

a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction

other are stacked such that the back linerboards of the sheets contact each other is 17[]

or larger and 30 [°] or smaller.

[Additional Statement 29]

sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along afirst direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked along a third direction that is orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction, wherein: arithmetic average surface roughness Sa in accordance with IS025178 of each of a front linerboard and a back linerboard constituting parts of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower; and a ratio of the roughness Sa of the back linerboard relative to the roughness Sa of the front linerboard is 1.5 or higher and 3.0 or lower.

[Additional Statement 30]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 29, wherein

the roughness Sa of each of the front linerboard and the back linerboard is 10.0 [Pm] or

higher and 18.0 [pm] or lower.

[Additional Statement 31]

The corrugated fiberboard material according to Additional Statement 29 or 30,

wherein a linerboard fiber width corresponding to a radial dimension of pulp fibers

composing linerboard containerboards used for the front linerboard and the back

linerboard is 12 [pm] or larger and 25 [pm] or smaller.

[Additional Statement 32]

29 to 31, wherein:

a basis weight of a corrugating medium containerboard used for a corrugating

medium constituting a part of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard is 110 [g/m 2 ] or

larger and 200 [g/m 2 ] or smaller; and

basis weights of linerboard containerboards used for the front linerboard and the

back linerboard are 110 [g/m 2 ] or larger and 250 [g/m 2 ] or smaller.

[Additional Statement 33]

29 to 32, wherein the single-wall corrugated fiberboard has one of A flute, B flute, C flute,

AB flute, and AC flute.

[Additional Statement 34]

29 to 33, wherein a ratio of the roughness Sa of the back linerboard relative to the

roughness Sa of the front linerboard is 2.0 or lower.

[Additional Statement 35]

A box manufacturing material that is an accordion-folded box manufacturing

material formed by a continuous paper material in which rectangular sheets are folded

back at each of fold lines extending straight along a first direction toward a second

direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane in which the fold lines lie, and

the sheets are stacked on top of one another, wherein the box manufacturing material

includes a sheet-shaped joint part that is provided as an add-on to a lower sheet forming a

bottom surface on a lower side among the sheets, and that is extended from an end edge

of the lower sheet located on a side in the second direction at which the sheet other than

the lower sheet is not connected.

[Additional Statement 36]

The box manufacturing material according to Additional Statement 35, wherein the

joint part is formed by an extension part that is a part of a sheet piece excluding an

attaching part that the sheet piece has and that is a part attached to a lower surface of the

lower sheet.

[Additional Statement 37]

joint part is formed by an extension part that is a sheet-shaped part integrally connected to

the lower sheet through a lower fold line that is a fold line different from the fold lines.

[Additional Statement 38]

The box manufacturing material according to any one of Additional Statements 35

to 37, wherein the joint part is provided along a surface extending along both the first

direction and an up-down direction.

[Additional Statement 39]

Box manufacturing goods including:

the box manufacturing material according to any one of Additional

Statements 35 to 37; and

a pallet on which the box manufacturing material is placed.

[Additional Statement 40]

Box manufacturing goods including:

an accordion-folded box manufacturing material formed by a continuous

paper material in which rectangular sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending

direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked on top of one

another; and

a pallet on which the box manufacturing material is placed on an upper side,

wherein the pallet includes a recess that forms a space communicating with an

outside under an end edge of a lower sheet located on a side in the second direction at

which the sheet other than the lower sheet is not connected, the lower sheet forming a

bottom surface of the box manufacturing material on a lower side among the sheets.

[Additional Statement 41]

A joining method of joining a first box manufacturing material and a second box

manufacturing material that are at least two box manufacturing materials each formed by

a continuous paper material in which rectangular sheets are folded back at each of fold

lines extending straight along a first direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal

to the first direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked on

top of one another so as to be accordion-folded, the joining method including:

a pre-step of preparing the first box manufacturing material and the second

box manufacturing material;

an intermediate step of moving an upper sheet that forms an upper surface

among the sheets in the second box manufacturing material to a position at which the upper sheet is joined to a lower sheet that forms a bottom surface on a lower side among the sheets in the first box manufacturing material; and a post-step of joining the upper sheet to the lower sheet.

[Additional Statement 42]

The joining method according to Additional Statement 41, wherein: the pre-step includes a preliminary step of, before placing the first box

manufacturing material on a pallet, fixing the sheet piece in a state where one part is

attached to a lower surface of the lower sheet in thefirst box manufacturing material

while the other part is extended; and

in the post-step, the upper sheet is attached to the other part of the sheet piece fixed

in the preliminary step.

[Additional Statement 43]

The joining method according to Additional Statement 41, wherein:

the pre-step includes:

a first step of, in a state where the lower sheet is disposed on an upper side in

the first box manufacturing material, developing an extension part that is a sheet-shaped

part integrally connected to the lower sheet through a lower fold line that is a fold line

different from the fold lines;

a second step of holding the first box manufacturing material in which the

extension part has been developed in the first step, between a first pallet that is a pallet

located on an upper side relatively to the first box manufacturing material and a second

pallet that is a pallet located on a lower side relatively to the first box manufacturing

material;

a third step of reversing the first box manufacturing material having been held

between the first pallet and the second pallet in the second step to a posture in which the

lower sheet is disposed on the lower side; and

a fourth step of removing the first pallet from the first box manufacturing

material of which the posture has been reversed in the third step; and in the post-step, the upper sheet is attached to the extension part.

[Additional Statement 44]

The joining method according to Additional Statement 41, wherein:

the first box manufacturing material is placed on a pallet, and the pallet includes a

recess that forms a space communicating with an outside under an end edge of the lower

sheet located on a side in the second direction at which the sheet other than the second

sheet is not connected;

the pre-step includes an after step of, after placing the first box manufacturing

material on the pallet, fixing a sheet piece in a state where one part is attached to a lower

surface of the lower sheet through the recess while the other part is extended; and

in the post-step, the upper sheet is attached to the other part.

[Additional Statement 45]

A joining method of joining a first box manufacturing material and a second box

top of one another so as to be accordion-folded, the joining method including:

a pre-step of preparing the first box manufacturing material and the second

box manufacturing material;

an intermediate step of moving an upper sheet that forms an upper surface

among the sheets in the second box manufacturing material to a position at which the

upper sheet is joined to a lower sheet that forms a bottom surface on a lower side among

the sheets in the first box manufacturing material; and

a post-step of joining the upper sheet to the lower sheet;

the pre-step includes:

a first step of, in a posture in which the lower sheet is disposed on an upper

side in the first box manufacturing material, developing an extension part that is a sheet-shaped part integrally connected to the lower sheet through a lower fold line that is a fold line different from the fold lines; a second step of holding the first box manufacturing material in which the extension part has been developed in the first step, between a first pallet that is a pallet located on the upper side relatively to the first box manufacturing material and a second pallet that is a pallet located on the lower side relatively to the first box manufacturing material; a third step of reversing the first box manufacturing material having been held between the first pallet and the second pallet in the second step to a posture in which the lower sheet is disposed on the lower side; and a fourth step of removing the first pallet from the first box manufacturing material that has been reversed in the third step; and in the post-step, the sheet is attached to the extension part.

[Additional Statement 46]

A joining method of joining a first box manufacturing material and a second box

top of one another so as to be accordion-folded, the joining method including:

a pre-step of preparing the first box manufacturing material and the second

box manufacturing material;

an intermediate step of moving an upper sheet that forms an upper surface

the sheets in the first box manufacturing material; and

a post-step of joining the upper sheet to the lower sheet, wherein:

the first box manufacturing material is placed on a pallet, and the pallet includes a recess that forms a space communicating with an outside under an end edge of the lower sheet located on a side in the second direction at which the sheet other than the lower sheet is not connected; the pre-step includes an after step of, after placing the first box manufacturing material on the pallet, fixing a sheet piece in a state where one part is attached to a lower surface of the lower sheet through the recess while the other part is extended; and in the post-step, the upper sheet is attached to the other part.

Reference Signs List

[0411] 1 Corrugated fiberboard material (box manufacturing material)

1A First corrugated fiberboard material (first box manufacturing material)

1B Second corrugated fiberboard material (second box manufacturing

material)

1E, 2E Edge

iS Side surface

2 Sheet

2a Front linerboard

2b Back linerboard

2c Corrugating medium

2d Ridge

10 Waves (fluting)

20 Sheet pair

21 First sheet

22 Secondsheet

23 Third sheet

24 Lower sheet

24A End edge

26 Upper sheet

26A End edge

30 Box manufacturing goods

40, 40A, 40B Pallet

44 Recess

44S Space

50 Joint part

51 Extension part

52 Sheet piece

52A Attaching part

53 Extension sheet (extension part)

55 Extension part

Ei First end edge

E2 Second endedge

F Fold line

Fl First fold line

F2 Second fold line

FA Bend

Fb OK fold line (fold line of first shape)

FB NG fold line (fold line of second shape)

FT Fold line

FX Lower fold line

BS Reference position

BL Separation distance

CL Overlap dimension

DI Interval

TS Reference dimension

LP Predetermined dimension

LI Longitudinal dimension (first dimension)

L2 Lateral dimension (second dimension)

L3 Height dimension (third dimension)

S Void

0 Intersection angle

SH Height of end portion

MF Height of central portion

DH Height of sag

L Guideline

Claims

1. A corrugated fiberboard material that is an accordion-folded corrugated

fiberboard material formed by a continuous corrugated fiberboard in which rectangular

the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked along a third direction that is a direction

orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction and along a vertical

direction, wherein the fold lines have an OK fold line of a shape resulting from the sheet

being folded back so as to straddle only one of a plurality of ridges forming waves of the

corrugated fiberboard.

2. A corrugated fiberboard material that is an accordion-folded corrugated

direction, wherein:

the plurality of fold lines includes a fold line of a first shape that is a shape

resulting from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle only one of a plurality of

ridges forming waves of the corrugated fiberboard, and a fold line of a second shape that

is a shape resulting from the sheet being folded back so as to straddle two or more of the

ridges; and

higher and 13 [%] or lower.

3. A corrugated fiberboard material that is an accordion-folded corrugated fiberboard material formed by a continuous single-wall corrugated fiberboard in which rectangular sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along a first direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked along a third direction that is orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction, wherein: a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction corresponding to the second direction when the sheets that are not continuous with each other are stacked such that front linerboards of the sheets contact each other is 17 [°] or larger and 30 [°] or smaller; and a slip angle measured in accordance with JSC T0005:2000 in a direction corresponding to the second direction when the sheets that are not continuous with each other are stacked such that back linerboards of the sheets contact each other is 17 [°] or larger and 30 [] or smaller.

4. A corrugated fiberboard material that is an accordion-folded corrugated

fiberboard material formed by a continuous single-wall corrugated fiberboard in which

rectangular sheets are folded back at each of fold lines extending straight along a first

direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane

along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked along a third direction that is

orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction, wherein arithmetic average

surface roughness Sa in accordance with IS025178 of each of a front linerboard and a

back linerboard constituting parts of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard is 5.0 [Pm] or

higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower.

5. A corrugated fiberboard material that is an accordion-folded corrugated

direction toward a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets are stacked along a third direction that is orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction, wherein: arithmetic average surface roughness Sa in accordance with IS025178 of each of a front linerboard and a back linerboard constituting parts of the single-wall corrugated fiberboard is 5.0 [pm] or higher and 20.0 [pm] or lower; and a ratio of the roughness Sa of the back linerboard relative to the roughness Sa of the front linerboard is 1.5 or higher and 3.0 or lower.

6. A box manufacturing material that is an accordion-folded box manufacturing

and the sheets are stacked on top of one another, wherein the box manufacturing material

the lower sheet is not connected.

7. Box manufacturing goods comprising:

the box manufacturing material according to claim 6; and

a pallet on which the box manufacturing material is placed.

8. Box manufacturing goods comprising:

an accordion-folded box manufacturing material formed by a continuous

another; and a pallet on which the box manufacturing material is placed on an upper side, wherein the pallet includes a recess that forms a space communicating with an outside under an end edge of a lower sheet located on a side in the second direction at which the sheet other than the lower sheet is not connected, the lower sheet forming a bottom surface of the box manufacturing material on a lower side among the sheets.

9. A joining method of joining together a first box manufacturing material and a

second box manufacturing material that are at least two box manufacturing materials each

formed by a continuous paper material in which rectangular sheets are folded back at

each of fold lines extending straight along a first direction toward a second direction that

is orthogonal to the first direction in a plane along which the fold lines lie, and the sheets

are stacked on top of one another so as to be accordion-folded, the joining method

comprising:

a pre-step of preparing the first box manufacturing material and the second

box manufacturing material;

an intermediate step of moving an upper sheet that forms an upper surface

the sheets in the first box manufacturing material; and

a post-step of joining the upper sheet to the lower sheet.

10. A corrugated fiberboard box using the corrugated fiberboard material according

to claim 1 or 2.