AU2020102952A4 - Method and device for controlling quality of service of quantum key distribution service - Google Patents

Method and device for controlling quality of service of quantum key distribution service Download PDF

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AU2020102952A4
AU2020102952A4 AU2020102952A AU2020102952A AU2020102952A4 AU 2020102952 A4 AU2020102952 A4 AU 2020102952A4 AU 2020102952 A AU2020102952 A AU 2020102952A AU 2020102952 A AU2020102952 A AU 2020102952A AU 2020102952 A4 AU2020102952 A4 AU 2020102952A4
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qkd
services
determining
priorities
optical fiber
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Yuan Cao
Xinyi He
Yajie LI
Xiaosong YU
Jie Zhang
Yongli Zhao
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/302—Route determination based on requested QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/62—Wavelength based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/64—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using an overlay routing layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/20—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for managing network security; network security policies in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and a device for controlling a quality of service (QoS) of a quantum key distribution (QKD) service. The method may comprise: determining priorities for the QKD services according to QoS requirements for the QKD services; 5 determining QKD protocols and optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; executing the respective QKD services in the optical fiber channels according to the order of the priorities and based on the QKD protocols for the QKD services; and performing QoS controlling to the QKD services. The present embodiment can improve the QoS supporting ability for the QKD services provided by the QKD optical network in a 0 certain degree, and facilitate improving the operation efficiency of the QKD optical network. 1/5 100 determining priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirements for the QKD services 200 determining QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities 300 determining optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities executing the QKD services in the optical fiber 400 channels configured for the QKD services, according to the priorities and based on the respective QKD protocols in sequence 500 performing respective QoS controlling to the QKD services FIG. 1

Description

1/5
100 determining priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirements for the QKD services
200 determining QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities
300 determining optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities
executing the QKD services in the optical fiber 400 channels configured for the QKD services, according to the priorities and based on the respective QKD protocols in sequence
500 performing respective QoS controlling to the QKD services
FIG. 1
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING QUALITY OF SERVICE OF QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SERVICE TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a field of network communication technologies, and
especially to a method and a device for controlling a quality of service (QoS) of a quantum
key distribution (QKD) service.
BACKGROUND
[0002] QKD can provide a theoretically "unconditionally safe" symmetric key for both sides
of communication. A combination of QKD and symmetric encryption algorithm can ensure
safety for both sides of communication which is ensured by the principles of quantum
mechanics of "measurement collapse theory", "Heisenberg's uncertainty principle", and
"quantum no-cloning theorem". The QKD may be divided into the optical fiber QKD and the
free space QKD according to the difference in transmission medium wherein the optical fiber
QKD can be arranged for use in the current network. As the empty optical fibers (i.e. the optical fibers that have been arranged in the present optical network but have not been used
yet) belong to scarce resources and the cost for rearrangement of optical fibers is too high, the
QKD is arranged on the present optical network by means of the technology of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in the prior art.
[0003] In the QKD optical network based on the WDM technology, the QoS of the QKD
service is easily affected by the optical fiber properties, the data service properties carried by
the optical fiber, etc. In the prior art, the above influence on the QoS of the QKD service is
not considered, resulting in a decreased QoS of the QKD service in the QKD optical network
and a lowered operation efficiency of the QKD optical network.
SUMMARY
[0004] Therefore, the objective of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling a QoS of a QKD service.
[0005] Based on the above objective, in the present invention, a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service is provided, comprising: determining priorities for the QKD services according to QoS requirements for the QKD services; determining QKD protocols and optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; executing the respective QKD services in the optical fiber channels according to the order of the priorities and based on the QKD protocols for the QKD services; and performing QoS controlling to the QKD services.
[0006] In an embodiment, the step of determining priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirements for the QKD services comprises: receiving QKD service request information of the multiple QKD services; extracting QoS requirement information of the QKD services from the QKD service request information; and determining the priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirement information.
[0007] In an embodiment, the step of determining QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities comprises: determining available apparatuses for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; determining available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; and determining the QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the available apparatuses and the available links for the QKD services.
[0008] In an embodiment, the step of determining optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities comprises: determining optical fibers on the available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; determining requirements for optical fiber properties of the optical fibers and a spacing between the channels; and determining the optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels.
[0009] The step of performing QoS controlling to the QKD services may comprise: obtaining data delivery rates in the optical fiber channels for the QKD services; and adjusting the data delivery rate when the data delivery rate is larger than a preset data delivery rate threshold, to make the data delivery rate become smaller than the data delivery rate threshold.
[0010] Based on the above objective, in the present invention, a device for controlling a QoS of a QKD service is provided, comprising: a first determining module, configured for determining priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirements for the QKD services; a second determining module, configured for determining QKD protocols and optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; an execution module, configured for executing the respective QKD services in the optical fiber channels according to the order of the priorities and based on the QKD protocols for the QKD services; and a controlling module, configured for performing QoS controlling to the QKD services.
[0011] In an embodiment, the first determining module comprises: a receiving sub-module, configured for receiving QKD service request information of the multiple QKD services; an extracting sub-module, configured for extracting QoS requirement information of the QKD services from the QKD service request information; and a first determining sub-module, configured for determining the priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirement information.
[0012] In an embodiment, the second determining module comprises: a third determining sub-module, configured for determining available apparatuses for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; a fourth determining sub-module, configured for determining available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; and a fifth determining sub-module, configured for determining the QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the available apparatuses and the available links for the QKD services.
[0013] In an embodiment, the second determining module further comprises: a sixth determining sub-module, configured for determining optical fibers on the available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; a seventh determining sub-module, configured for determining requirements for optical fiber properties of the optical fibers and a spacing between the channels; and an eighth determining sub-module, configured for determining the optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels.
[0014] In an embodiment, the controlling module comprises: a first obtaining sub-module, configured for obtaining data delivery rates in the optical fiber channels for the QKD services; and an adjusting sub-module, configured for adjusting the data delivery rate when the data delivery rate is larger than a preset data delivery rate threshold, to make the data delivery rate become smaller than the data delivery rate threshold.
[0015] As can be seen from the above description, a method and a device for controlling a QoS of a QKD service are provided in the present invention wherein the priorities for the QKD services are configured according to different QoS requirements for different QKD services, and QoS controlling are performed respectively to the QKD services. This can improve the QoS supporting ability for the QKD services provided by the QKD optical network in a certain degree, facilitate improving the operation efficiency of the QKD optical network, and solve the prior problems of resource wasting, low operation efficiency and poor QoS supporting ability due to lacking efficient QoS controlling for different QKD services in the QKD optical network.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0017] FIG. 2 shows a structural diagram of a QKD optical network structure based on WDM;
[0018] FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to another exemplary embodiment;
[0019] FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to another exemplary embodiment;
[0020] FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to another exemplary embodiment;
[0021] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to another exemplary embodiment;
[0022] FIG. 7 shows a scene view of a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to another exemplary embodiment; and
[0023] FIG. 8 shows a structural diagram of a device for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to an exemplary embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0024] Hereinafter, in order to make the objective(s), technical solution(s) and advantages of the present invention clearer and better understood, the present invention will be further described in detail, in connection with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0025] It is necessary to be noted that all the expressions of "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are used to distinguish two different entities or parameters having the same name. As can be seen, the "first" and "second" are used only to facilitate expression and it should not be understood as limitation to the embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, it will not be further explained in the subsequent embodiments.
[0026] FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a QKD optical network structure based on WDM as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service as provided in an embodiment of the present invention is achieved based on the QKD optical network structure.
[0027] As shown in FIG. 2, the structure comprises: a QKD layer 100 on the upper layer, an optical layer 200 on the lower layer, and a controlling layer for controlling the QKD services of the QKD layer 100 (not shown in FIG. 2). A long-distance QKD can be achieved by arranging a credible relay node 102 between multiple QKD user nodes 101 of the QKD layer 100. That is, the QKD service is a point-to-point QKD service between two directly connected QKD user nodes 101, or between a QKD user node 101 and a credible relay node 102 directly connected therewith, or between two directly connected credible relay nodes 102.
[0028] The QKD user node 101 corresponds to a user terminal node having a requirement for safe communication. Therefore, the QKD user node 101 and an optical cross connector 201 of the optical layer 200 are in the same geographical position. Two QKD user nodes 101 directly connected by an optical fiber link (optical fiber channel), or a QKD user node 101 and a credible relay node 102 directly connected by an optical fiber link, or two credible relay nodes 102 directly connected by an optical fiber link use a QKD communication channel 103 to carry a quantum optical signal (quantum communication channel) and a synchronization optical signal (synchronization communication channel), and the point-to-point QKD service may be achieved by information reconciliation (reconciliation communication channel) such as basic vector comparison, error checking, etc. Therefore, the QKD communication channel 103 comprises a quantum communication channel, a synchronization communication channel and a reconciliation communication channel. The QKD communication channel 103 of the QKD layer 100 and the data communication channel 202 of the optical layer 200, based on the WDM technology, may be multiplexed in the same full optical fiber, i.e. an optical fiber in the current optical network that has been occupied by the data communication channel or another communication channel, or, a plurality of QKD communication channels of the QKD layer 100, based on the WDM technology, may be multiplexed in the same empty optical fiber, i.e. an optical fiber in the current optical network that has not been occupied by the data communication channel or another communication channel, facilitating lowering the cost and the difficulty degree for QKD arrangement.
[0029] The QKD service has source and destination nodes, occupied bandwidth, and other attributes. In a broad sense, the QoS of a QKD service comprises various indexes of the QKD service, such as properties, usability, reliability, safety, etc. The QoS of the QKD service in the present application is mentioned in a narrow sense, and it is considered to satisfy the QoS requirement(s) for the QKD service mainly in terms of the properties of the QKD service. The QoS parameters related to the properties of the QKD service comprise the quantum bit error rate and the quantum key code rate, wherein the higher is the quantum bit error rate, the lower is the quantum key code rate. When the quantum bit error rate is higher than a safety threshold (such as a safety threshold of 11.5% for the quantum bit error rate with the BB84-QKD protocol), the quantum key code rate is 0. Therefore, the QKD service is a service having a strictly defined QoS. Different QKD services may have different QoS requirements. In addition, the QoS of the QKD service is easily affected by the selected QKD protocol (such as BB84, B92, COW, MDI, CV, etc.), optical fiber properties (such as the length, loss, crosstalk, noise of the optical fiber, etc.), and the data service properties carried by the optical fiber (such as the data service source and destination nodes, occupied bandwidth, delivery rate, etc.).
[0030] In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the above unique properties of the QKD service in the QKD optical network and different requirements for different QKD services, a method for controlling QoS of a QKD service in the QKD optical network is provided and such method can provide customized services for the QKD services having different QoS requirements. As shown in FIG. 1, such method may comprise the following steps:
[0031] Step 100: determining priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirements for the QKD services.
[0032] In the QKD optical network, it is possible to receive multiple QKD services. In the present embodiment, as different QKD services have different QoS requirements, it is possible to configure the priorities for the QKD services based on different QoS requirements.
[0033] Step 200: determining QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities.
[0034] Step 300: determining optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities.
[0035] Step 400: executing the QKD services in the optical fiber channels configured for the QKD services, according to the priorities and based on the respective QKD protocols in sequence.
[0036] Step 500: performing respective QoS controlling to the QKD services.
[0037] Regarding how to perform QoS controlling, please refer to the subsequent embodiments.
[0038] So far, in the method and device for controlling QoS of QKD services as provided in the present invention, according to different QoS requirements for different QKD services, different QoSs can be provided, which can improve the QoS supporting ability for the QKD services provided by the QKD optical network in a certain degree, facilitate improving the operation efficiency of the QKD optical network, and solve the prior problems of resource wasting, low operation efficiency and poor QoS supporting ability due to lacking efficient QoS controlling for different QKD services in the QKD optical network.
[0039] Hereinafter, the technical solutions as provided in the disclosed embodiments will be explained in connection with specific embodiments.
[0040] FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of another method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to an exemplary embodiment. The present embodiment is illustrated with the above method(s) as provided in the disclosed embodiments. As an example of how to determine the priorities of the QKD services, as shown in FIG. 3, it comprises the following steps 101-103:
[0041] In Step 101, receiving QKD service request information of the multiple QKD services.
[0042] In an embodiment, when a QKD service arrives in the QKD optical network, a central controller located on the controlling layer (not shown in FIG. 2) will receive the QKD service request information.
[0043] Herein, the QKD service request information may comprise the source node information, the destination node information, the occupied bandwidth information, the QoS requirement information of the QKD service, etc.
[0044] In an embodiment, for the QKD service(s) received in a set time period (such as within 12 hours), the central controller will perform integrated processing as follows.
[0045] In Step 102, extracting QoS requirement information of the QKD services from the QKD service request information in sequence.
[0046] Herein, the QoS comprises a quantum bit error rate and a quantum key code rate, and the QoS requirement information comprises the specific requirement(s) for the quantum bit error rate and the specific requirement(s) for the quantum key code rate. Different QKD services have different QoS requirements.
[0047] In Step 103, determining the priorities for the QKD services according to the extracted QoS requirement information.
[0048] In an embodiment, it is possible to determine a high-to-low order of the priorities for the QKD services, according to a high-to-low order of the quantum key code rate as required.
[0049] A higher quantum key code rate means that there will be more safety requirements corresponding to the QKD service. Therefore, by configuring the priorities according to the quantum key code rate, it is possible to preferentially satisfy the QKD service corresponding to more safety requirements.
[0050] In an embodiment, it is also possible to configure the priorities for the QKD services according to the requirement(s) for the quantum bit error rate.
[0051] FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of another method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to an exemplary embodiment. The present embodiment is illustrated with the above method(s) as provided in the disclosed embodiments. As an example of how to determine the QKD protocols for the QKD services, as shown in FIG. 4, it comprises the following steps 201-203:
[0052] In Step 201, determining available apparatuses for each of the QKD services according to the order of the priorities.
[0053] Herein, the QKD apparatus comprises a QKD transmitting apparatus and a QKD receiving apparatus, or a QKD transmitting terminal and a QKD receiving terminal.
[0054] In an embodiment, it is possible to, according to the source and destination node information in the QKD service request information, determine source and destination nodes corresponding to the QKD service, and then to traverse vacant apparatuses in the source and destination nodes and determine the vacant apparatuses as the available apparatuses for the QKD service.
[0055] In Step 202, determining available links for each of the QKD services according to the priorities.
[0056] Herein, the available link is a link having a certain length and connecting the source node and the destination node of the QKD service.
[0057] In the present step as disclosed, it is possible to use the source and destination node information in the QKD service request information to determine the available links for the QKD services.
[0058] In Step 203, configuring the QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the priorities and based on the available apparatuses and the available links.
[0059] In the present step, it is possible to select a QKD protocol, which can conform to the type of the available apparatus and the length of the available link, from the QKD protocols of BB84, B92, COW, MDI, CV, etc.
[0060] In an embodiment, it is possible to determine the QKD protocol according to the types of the available apparatuses. Different types of QKD available apparatuses support different QKD protocols. The elements in an available apparatus are different and thus there will be identification on a QKD apparatus. That is, one type of QKD apparatus can support only one type of QKD protocol. Generally, there may be several or several groups of available apparatuses.
[0061] In an embodiment, it is also possible to determine the QKD protocol in connection with the length of the available link. With the same length of link, using different QKD protocols may result in different quantum key code rates and quantum bit error rates. Thus, it is possible to select a QKD protocol suitable for the QoS requirement(s) for a QKD service according to the link length of the available link and a relation graph of the quantum key code rates / quantum bit error rates for different QKD protocols versus the link length.
[0062] FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of another method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to an exemplary embodiment. The present embodiment is illustrated with the above method(s) as provided in the disclosed embodiments. As an example of how to determine the optical fiber channels for the QKD services, as shown in FIG. 5, it comprises the following steps 301-303:
[0063] In Step 301, determining optical fibers on the available links for each of the QKD services according to the order of the priorities.
[0064] In an embodiment, there may be one or more optical fiber on the available link. Generally, an optical fiber in which some wavelength channels are vacant is selected.
[0065] In Step 302, determining requirements for optical fiber properties of each of the optical fibers and a spacing between the channels according to the priorities.
[0066] Herein, the optical fiber properties comprise loss, crosstalk, and noise as required. Each optical fiber has several channels therein. The requirements for a spacing between the channels comprise requirements for a spacing between adjacent channels, a spacing between a quantum channel and a classic channel, etc. For example, the optical fiber properties of a QKD service may be required as a low loss optical fiber, the spacing between adjacent channels may be required as 100GHz, and the spacing between a quantum channel and a classic channel may be required as 200GHz.
[0067] In Step 303, determining the optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels.
[0068] Herein, the optical fiber channels configured for the QKD services are used for the QKD communication channel, comprising the quantum communication channel, the synchronization communication channel and the reconciliation communication channel.
[0069] In an embodiment, according to the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels, it is possible to determine the channels in the optical fiber satisfying the QKD service channel. For example, the requirements for the optical fiber properties comprise loss. Firstly, a low loss optical fiber is found. Then, in the C wave band of the optical fiber, 40 wave channels may be found according to the requirements for a spacing of 100GHz between adjacent channels. Then, a spacing of 200GHz (i.e. two wave channels) between a quantum channel and a classic channel is further divided. The wave channel(s) on the side of the quantum channel may be selected to configure the quantum communication channel, and the wave channel(s) on the side of the classic channel may be selected to configure the synchronization communication channel and the reconciliation communication channel. In addition, the data communication channel on the optical layer is also a classic channel and is located on the side of the classic channel.
[0070] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of another method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to an exemplary embodiment. The present embodiment is illustrated with the above method(s) as provided in the disclosed embodiments. As an example of how to perform QoS controlling to the QKD services, as shown in FIG. 6, it comprises the following steps 501-503:
[0071] In Step 501, obtaining data delivery rates in the optical fiber channels for the QKD services.
[0072] In Step 502, judging whether the data delivery rate is larger than a preset data delivery rate threshold.
[0073] In Step 503, if so in the judgment, adjusting the data delivery rate to make the data delivery rate become smaller than the data delivery rate threshold.
[0074] In an embodiment, the data delivery rate thresholds may be configured for the QKD services in advance. When the actual data delivery rate in the optical fiber channel is smaller than the data delivery rate threshold, it will not affect the QoS of the QKD service. When the actual data delivery rate in the optical fiber channel is larger than the data delivery rate threshold, the larger is the data delivery rate, the higher is the quantum bit error rate and the lower is the quantum key code rate, thus causing a decreased QoS of the QKD service. Therefore, by adjusting the data delivery rate as desired, it is possible to control the QoS of the QKD service in a certain degree.
[0075] Further, it is also possible to update the status of the QKD optical network, comprising the QoS information, etc. in real time.
[0076] FIG. 7 shows a scene view of a method for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to another exemplary embodiment. In the present embodiment, the QKD optical network comprises a QKD layer 300 and an optical layer 400. The QKD layer 300 comprises three QKD user nodes 301, 302, 303 and one credible relay node 304, wherein the three QKD user nodes 301, 302, 303 correspond to three optical cross connectors 401, 402, 403 of the optical layer 400, respectively.
[0077] When four QKD services arrive in the QKD optical network, the integrated controller receives four pieces of QKD service request information, each comprising source and destination node information, bandwidth information, QoS requirement information, etc. wherein the source and destination nodes of the first QKD service are the QKD user node 301 and the QKD user node 302, the source and destination nodes of the second QKD service are the QKD user node 302 and the credible relay node 304, the source and destination nodes of the third QKD service are the QKD user node 303 and the credible relay node 304, and the source and destination nodes of the fourth QKD service are the QKD user node 301 and the QKD user node 303.
[0078] The integrated controller checks the QKD service request information and finds the QoS requirements for each of the QKD services as follows: the first QKD service: quantum bit error rate <4%, quantum key code rate >125kb/s;
the second QKD service: quantum bit error rate <2%, quantum key code rate >250kb/s; the third QKD service: quantum bit error rate <1%, quantum key code rate >500kb/s; the fourth QKD service: quantum bit error rate <5%, quantum key code rate >100kb/s.
[0079] According to the high-to-low order of the quantum key code rates, the priorities for the four QKD services are configured, from high to low, as the third QKD service, the second QKD service, the first QKD service, the fourth QKD service.
[0080] The available apparatus and the available link for each QKD service are found and determined, and the QKD protocols, which can conform to the type of the available apparatus and the length of the available link for the QKD, are configured for the QKD services: as the type of the available apparatus for the third QKD service only supports the BB84-QKD protocol, the BB84-QKD protocol is the one which conforms to the third QKD service; in addition, according to the selected link length and relation graphs of the quantum key code rates / quantum bit error rates for different QKD protocols versus the link length for different QKD protocols, the BB84-QKD, COW-QKD, CV-QKD protocols are selected to be suitable for the second, first, fourth QKD services, respectively. The optical fibers on the available links for each of the QKD services are found and determined, the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels for each of the QKD services are considered, and the optical fiber channels for the QKD services are configured according to the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels. The optical fiber properties for each QKD service require to use a G.652 single mode optical fiber, four optical fiber wave channels are configured for each QKD service, used for one quantum communication channel (unidirectional), one synchronization communication channel (unidirectional), and two reconciliation communication channels (bidirectional), with a spacing of 100GHz between adjacent channels and a spacing of 200GHz between the quantum channel and the classic channel. Then the QKD services are performed on the respective optical fiber channels. Then, the QoS condition of each QKD service in the QKD optical network is monitored in real time, and the data delivery rate thresholds are configured in advance for the optical fiber channels for the QKD services: the rate thresholds for the third, second, first, fourth QKD services are lTbps, lTbps, 2Tbps, 3Tbps, respectively. The data delivery rates on the optical fiber channels are detected, and the data delivery rate in the optical fiber channel for each QKD service may be adjusted as desired to ensure that the real-time detected data delivery rate is smaller than the data delivery rate threshold to thus ensure that it will not affect the QoS of the QKD service. Thus, the QoS controlling to the QKD service can be achieved, and the status of the QKD optical network can be undated in real time
[0081] FIG. 8 shows a structural diagram of a device for controlling a QoS of a QKD service according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the device may comprise: a first determining module 10, a second determining module 20, an execution module 30, and a controlling module 40, wherein the first determining module 10 is configured for determining priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirements for the QKD services; the second determining module 20 is configured for determining QKD protocols and optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; the execution module 30 is configured for executing the respective QKD services in the optical fiber channels according to the order of the priorities and based on the QKD protocols for the QKD services; the controlling module 40 is configured for performing QoS controlling to the QKD services.
[0082] In an embodiment, the first determining module 10 may comprise: a receiving sub-module, configured for receiving QKD service request information of the multiple QKD services; an extracting sub-module, configured for extracting QoS requirement information of the QKD services from the QKD service request information; and a first determining sub-module, configured for determining the priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirement information.
[0083] In an embodiment, the QoS requirement information comprises the requirement(s) for the quantum key code rate, and thefirst determining sub-module 10 comprises: a second determining sub-module, configured for determining high/low levels of the priorities according to the required value of the quantum key code rate, wherein the higher is the required value of the quantum key code rate, the higher is the level of the priority.
[0084] In an embodiment, the second determining module 20 may comprise: a third determining sub-module, configured for determining available apparatuses for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; a fourth determining sub-module, configured for determining available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; and a fifth determining sub-module, configured for determining the QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the available apparatuses and the available links for the QKD services.
[0085] In an embodiment, the second determining module 20 may further comprise: a sixth determining sub-module, configured for determining optical fibers on the available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; a seventh determining sub-module, configured for determining requirements for optical fiber properties of the optical fibers and a spacing between the channels; and an eighth determining sub-module, configured for determining the optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels.
[0086] In an embodiment, the controlling module 40 may comprise: a first obtaining sub-module, configured for obtaining data delivery rates in the optical fiber channels for the QKD services; and an adjusting sub-module, configured for adjusting the data delivery rate when the data delivery rate is larger than a preset data delivery rate threshold, to make the data delivery rate become smaller than the data delivery rate threshold.
[0087] In summary, a method and a device for controlling a QoS of a QKD service are provided in the present invention wherein the priorities for the QKD services are configured according to different QoS requirements for different QKD services, and QoS controlling are performed respectively to the QKD services. This can improve the QoS supporting ability for the QKD services provided by the QKD optical network in a certain degree, facilitate improving the operation efficiency of the QKD optical network, and solve the prior problems of resource wasting, low operation efficiency and poor QoS supporting ability due to lacking efficient QoS controlling for different QKD services in the QKD optical network.
[0088] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the discussion on any above embodiment is provided only in an exemplary manner, and it is not intended to suggest that the scope of the present disclosure (comprising the claims) is limited to these examples. In the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can be combined, the steps thereof can be achieved in any order. There are many other variations to the different aspects of the present invention as described above, and these variations are not provided in detail for concision.
[0089] In addition, in order to simplify the explanation and discussion and to make the present invention more understandable, the well known power source / grounding connection of IC chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided figures. In addition, a device may be shown in a manner of block diagram to make the present invention more understandable, and consideration is taken based on the facts that the details in the embodied manner of the device in the block diagram(s) are highly dependant on the context of an embodiment of the present invention (that is, these details should completely fall within the scope as understood by those skilled in the art). When specific details (such as circuits) are explained to describe the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it is obvious that those skilled in the art may implement the present invention without these specific details or with these specific details changed. Therefore, the description should be considered as being illustrative, rather than for a limiting purpose.
[0090] Though the present invention has been described in connection with specific
embodiments of the present invention, several substitutions, modifications and variations to
these embodiments according to the above description will be obvious to those skilled in the
art. For example, other memory structure (such as dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may use the
embodiments as discussed.
[0091] The embodiments of the present invention are intended to cover any of such
substitutions, modifications and variations within a broad scope of the appended claims.
Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made
within the spirit and principle of the present invention will fall within the protection scope of
the present invention.
[0092] Throughout the specification and the claims that follow, unless the context requires
otherwise, the words "comprise" and "include" and variations such as "comprising" and
"including" will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers,
but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.
[0093] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as,
an acknowledgement of any form of suggestion that such prior art forms part of the common
general knowledge.

Claims (10)

  1. What is claimed is: 1. A method for controlling a quality of service (QoS) of a quantum key distribution (QKD) service, characterized in that it comprises: determining priorities for the QKD services according to QoS requirements for the QKD services; determining QKD protocols and optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; executing the respective QKD services in the optical fiber channels according to the order of the priorities and based on the QKD protocols for the QKD services; and performing QoS controlling to the QKD services.
  2. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of determining priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirements for the QKD services comprises: receiving QKD service request information of the multiple QKD services; extracting QoS requirement information of the QKD services from the QKD service request information; and determining the priorities for the QKD services according to the QoS requirement information.
  3. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of determining QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities comprises: determining available apparatuses for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; determining available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; and determining the QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the available apparatuses and the available links for the QKD services.
  4. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of determining optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities comprises: determining optical fibers on the available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; determining requirements for optical fiber properties of the optical fibers and a spacing between the channels; and determining the optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels.
  5. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of performing QoS
    controlling to the QKD services comprises:
    obtaining data delivery rates in the optical fiber channels for the QKD services; and
    adjusting the data delivery rate when the data delivery rate is larger than a preset data
    delivery rate threshold, to make the data delivery rate become smaller than the data delivery
    rate threshold.
  6. 6. A device for controlling a quality of service (QoS) of a quantum key distribution
    (QKD) service, characterized in that it comprises:
    a first determining module, configured for determining priorities for the QKD services
    according to the QoS requirements for the QKD services;
    a second determining module, configured for determining QKD protocols and optical
    fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities;
    an execution module, configured for executing the respective QKD services in the
    optical fiber channels according to the order of the priorities and based on the QKD protocols
    for the QKD services; and
    a controlling module, configured for performing QoS controlling to the QKD services.
  7. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the first determining module
    comprises:
    a receiving sub-module, configured for receiving QKD service request information of the
    multiple QKD services;
    an extracting sub-module, configured for extracting QoS requirement information of the
    QKD services from the QKD service request information; and a first determining sub-module, configured for determining the priorities for the QKD
    services according to the QoS requirement information.
  8. 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the second determining module comprises: a third determining sub-module, configured for determining available apparatuses for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; a fourth determining sub-module, configured for determining available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; and a fifth determining sub-module, configured for determining the QKD protocols for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the available apparatuses and the available links for the QKD services.
  9. 9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the second determining module further comprises: a sixth determining sub-module, configured for determining optical fibers on the available links for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities; a seventh determining sub-module, configured for determining requirements for optical fiber properties of the optical fibers and a spacing between the channels; and an eighth determining sub-module, configured for determining the optical fiber channels for the QKD services according to the order of the priorities and based on the requirements for the optical fiber properties and the spacing between the channels.
  10. 10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the controlling module comprises: a first obtaining sub-module, configured for obtaining data delivery rates in the optical fiber channels for the QKD services; and an adjusting sub-module, configured for adjusting the data delivery rate when the data delivery rate is larger than a preset data delivery rate threshold, to make the data delivery rate become smaller than the data delivery rate threshold.
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