AU2020100906A4 - A grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector - Google Patents
A grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector Download PDFInfo
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- AU2020100906A4 AU2020100906A4 AU2020100906A AU2020100906A AU2020100906A4 AU 2020100906 A4 AU2020100906 A4 AU 2020100906A4 AU 2020100906 A AU2020100906 A AU 2020100906A AU 2020100906 A AU2020100906 A AU 2020100906A AU 2020100906 A4 AU2020100906 A4 AU 2020100906A4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
- G02B2006/02161—Grating written by radiation passing through the protective fibre coating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical
fibers based on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector, the device
comprising a phase mask, a quartz slice, a fiber substrate, and index matching fluid. The fiber
substrate has a V-shaped slot on one side, having metalized reflection films, to place the optical
fiber to be written. The quartz slice covers the fiber substrate, the phase mask covers the quartz
slice, and the index matching fluid fills the gap between the V-shaped slot on the fiber substrate
and the fiber to be written. The method includes steps such as device installation, device
adjustment, fiber preparation, Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) writing and finishing preparation, etc.
The invention can effectively improve the light intensity distribution of the writing beam within
the cross-section of the fiber and is suitable for FBG writing of variant-shaped core optical
fibers.
1/2
DRAWINGS
101
102
103
FIG. 1
(a) (b)
* *
(c) (d)
FIG. 2
Description
1/2 DRAWINGS
101
102
103
FIG. 1
(a) (b)
(c) (d) FIG. 2
A grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the
method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector
[0001] The invention relates to the field of opticalfiber grating preparation technology,
specifically a grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based
on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector.
[0002] An optical fiber grating refers to a grating structure that is formed by constructing
periodic changes in refractive index on an optical fiber core by certain technical means. Fiber
Bragg grating (FBG) written on the single-mode is the most mature research on optical fiber
grating, this type of grating has excellent optical narrowband filtering characteristics and sensing
characteristics, and has a wide range of applications in thefield of optoelectronics and fiber
sensing field. In recent years, in order to meet the needs of communication and sensing, many
special optical fibers have been designed and produced, such as few-mode optical fibers,
multi-core optical fibers, annular core optical fibers, multi-cladding optical fibers, and etc.
Researches on the grating characteristics of special optical fibers are also increasing year by year,
such as: Ying Wei (WEI Y, JIAO M X. An experimental study on the sensing characteristics of
Bragg grating of polarization maintaining optical fibers[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering,
2008(37):107-110.) points out that the FBG written on the fast and slow axes of the polarization
maintaining optical fibers have different transverse load sensitivity, which can be applied to
weighing and other fields. Wei Jia Bao (BAO W J. A study of a new optical fiber fiber Bragg
grating vector strain sensor [D]. Northwestern University, 2018.) studies and achieves the vector
strain measuring of writing FBG on multi-cladding optical fibers. E. Lindley (LINDLEY E, MIN
S-S, LEON-SAVAL S, et al. Demonstration of uniform multicore fiber Bragg gratings[J]. Optics
Express, 2014, 22(25):31575.) carries out research on multi-core optical fiber FBG writing
techniques, the FBG can be used to suppress noise signals in space exploration and have very
important application prospects in the field of astrophotonics.
[0003] Phase mask method is a widely used FBG writing method, which usually uses
Ultraviolet(UV)-irradiated phase mask to form diffraction fringes, and the FBG can be prepared
using 1" order diffraction fringe side exposing photosensitive optical fibers. The method
significantly reduces the requirement for the coherence of the optical source, and the Bragg
wavelength of the prepared FBG depends only on the stripe period of the phase mask, thus
reducing the difficulty of grating preparation. The phase mask method based on UV laser is the
most commonly used FBG preparation method, laying the foundation for the practical and
industrialization of FBG.
[0004] UV laser-based phase mask methods have also been attempted for FBG writing of special
optical fibers, but because of the structure of the special optical fiber is greatly different from the
standard-mode optical fiber, some special optical fibers belong to variant-shaped core optical
fibers, meaning that the waveguide fiber core of the special fiber may not necessarily be in the
center of the fiber, but may be distributed over the entire optical fiber. Therefore, when preparing
optical fiber gratings using phase masks, due to the lenticular lens effect of the optical fiber itself,
it is difficult for the 1 "order diffraction beam emitted from the mask to form a uniform light
intensity distribution over the entire fiber cross-section, and so it is difficult to prepare
high-quality optical fiber gratings.
[0005] To address the above problems, two approaches are currently available.
[0006] (1) The literature (LINDLEY E, MIN S-S, LEON-SAVAL S, et al. Demonstration of uniform multicore fiber Bragg gratings[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(25): 31575.) proposes an improving method: select a suitable sized quartz capillary, one side of the capillary is grind to a certain thickness then polish, the fiber to be written is inserted into the capillary, so the diffraction beam of the phase mask illuminates from the side throw of the capillary to eliminate the lenticular lens effect of the optical fiber itself.
[0007] (2) Patent Grant Notice No. CN 106249348 B proposes a method of apodized FBG FBG writing method, this method suggests to rotate the optical fiber to be written while FBG writing, to eliminate the modulation asymmetry of the optical refractive index due to the large core diameter.
[0008] In the method (1) described above, the process of side-throwing of the quartz capillary is complex, the processing time is long. In order for the optical fiber to be inserted into the capillary, the inner diameter of the capillary is necessary to be larger than the diameter of the optical fiber, and the air filled between the two will still have an effect on the writing results; in method (2), rotate the optical fiber to be written while FBG writing, the subtle asymmetry of the optical path or the slight vibration of the rotating motor will affect the writing effect of the FBG.
[0009] The objective of the invention is to provide a grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector. The technology can distribute the writing beams in the optical fiber evenly, and increase the quality of FBG writing.
[0010] The objective is achieved as follows:
[0011] The invention is a grating preparation device for variant-shaped core optical fibers based
on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector. The device comprises a
phase mask, a quartz slice, a fiber substrate, and index matching fluid. The fiber substrate has a
V-shaped slot on one side to place the optical fiber to be written. The quartz slice covers the fiber
substrate, the phase mask covers the quartz slice. The index matching fluid is for filling the gap
between the V-shaped slot on the fiber substrate and the optical fiber to be written.
[0012] The phase mask, various phase masks that can be used for FBG writing can be chosen.
[0013] The quartz slice, has a length and width of not less than the phase mask, with a thickness
of 50 micrometers, is made of quartz glass, which has a high transmittance in the UV band for
writing, and can transmit the diffraction beam generated by the phase mask to the fiber substrate
on the lower layer, in the meantime protecting the phase mask from contamination by the optical
fiber to be written and the index matching fluid on thefiber substrate.
[0014] The fiber substrate, the length and width is no less than the quartz slice, its material has
high transmittance in the UV band for writing, there is a V-shaped slot in the center of one side
of the substrate, the direction of the slot is consistent with the direction of the phase mask grating
period, the two sides of the slot are coated with metal reflective films, which has high reflectivity
in the UV band for writing, the angle between the two sides of the slot is 120 degrees, the slot
depth H and slot width W are determined by the diameter of the optical fiber cladding to be
written D, the formula is: H D(1/2 + 1/V), W 2 D.
[0015] The index matching fluid, uses water as solvent and glycerol as solute, has high
transmittance to the UV band for writing, and by precisely controlling the ratio of water to
glycerol to obtain a refractive index consistent with the optical fiber cladding.
[0016] The invention of a grating preparation method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based
on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector includes the following steps:
[0017] Step 1, Device Installation: The grating preparation device of the invention is placed in
the FBG writing platform and the FBG writing beam is adjusted to illuminate vertically from
above to bottom on the phase mask of the grating preparation device;
[0018] Step 2, Device Adjustment: Remove the phase mask and quartz slice of the grating
preparation device and adjust the position and height of the fiber substrate so that the written UV
beam is focused in the V-shaped slot of the fiber substrate;
[0019] Step 3, Optical Fiber Preparation: Peel off the coating layer of the area to be written on
the optical fiber to be written, peel off a length greater than the length of the V-shaped slot of the
fiber substrate. Wipe it clean with alcohol, put it into the V-shaped slot, drip an appropriate
amount of the index matching fluid, gently move the optical fiber to be written so that the index
matching fluid completely fills the gap between the V-shaped slot and the optical fiber to be
written. Cover the quartz slice on the fiber substrate to ensure that the air between the two is
removed. Cover the phase mask on the quartz slice, use the optical fiber clamps to fix the optical
fiber to be written, and connect the optical fiber to be written to the Fiber-optic grating writing
online monitoring system;
[0020] Step 4, FBG Writing: Start the laser for FBG writing, observe the FBG writing effect using the Fiber-optic grating writing online monitoring system. Turn off the laser and Fiber-optic grating writing online monitoring system when the grating meets the writing requirements;
[0021] Step 5, Finish Preparation: Disconnect the optical fiber from the Fiber-optic grating writing online monitoring system, remove the phase mask and quartz slice from the grating preparation device, remove the optical fiber from the V-shaped slot of the fiber substrate and complete the grating preparation.
[0022] The advantages of the invention over the prior art are:
[0023] (1) The use of an index matching fluid eliminates the convergence effect of the beam upon entry into the optical fiber, resulting in a wider area of distribution and a more uniform distribution of light intensity across the fiber optical cross-section of the writing beam;
[0024] (2) The reflective films of the V-shaped slot improves the utilization of the writing beam, achieving the irradiation to the optical fiber from three directions, further improving the distribution and intensity of the writing beam in the optical fiber cross-section;
[0025] (3) The writing device can be fabricated using existing micromachining techniques with short production period and high processing accuracy;
[0026] (4) The writing process has simple operation steps, allows for fast FBG writing, and the consistency of the grating is guaranteed.
[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the invention;
[0028] FIG. 2 shows some optical fiber types that the invention is applicable to: (a) a schematic
diagram of a single-mode optical fiber structure, (b) a schematic diagram of a multi-mode optical
fiber structure, (c) a schematic diagram of an annular core optical fiber structure, and (d) a
schematic diagram of a multi-core optical fiber structure;
[0029] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the illumination from the writing beam
to the optical fiber in the V-shaped slot;
[0030] FIG. 4 is the top view of Embodiment 2;
[0031] FIG. 5 is the side view of Embodiment 2;
[0032] In the figure: 1 - a grating preparation device for variant-shaped core optical fiber, 101
a phase mask, 102 - a quartz slice, 103 - an fiber substrate, 104 - index matching fluid, 2 - an
optical platform, 3 - an excimer laser, 4 - an aperture, 5 - beam expanders, 6 - mirrors, 7
cylindrical lens, 8 - a triaxial positioning stages, 9 - an optical fiber to be written, 10 - fiber
clamps, 11 - an optical fiber V groove holder, 12 - a Fiber-optic grating writing online
monitoring system, 13 - a writing beam.
[0033] The invention proposes a grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector, and FIG. 2 enumerates some of the optical fibers to which the invention is applicable, and the invention can be used not only for the grating preparation of for variant-shaped core optical fibers, but also for the grating preparation for standard single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers. The choice of optical fibers has no effect on the preparation device and method of the invention, and therefore the specific type of optical fiber is not specified in the following embodiments.
[0034] The invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0035] Embodiment 1:
[0036] This embodiment will combing FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 to explain the grating preparation device structure and working principle of the invention.
[0037] As shown in FIG. 1, the grating preparation device 1 of the invention comprises a phase mask 101, a quartz slice 102, a fiber substrate 103, and index matching fluid 104. The phase mask 101 covers the quartz slice 102, the quartz slice 102 covers the fiber substrate 103. The phase mask 101 can be various phase masks that can be used for FBG writing. The quartz slice 102 has a length and width of not less than the phase mask 101, with a thickness of 50 micrometers, and is made of quartz glass, which has a high transmittance in the UV band for writing. The role of the quartz slice 102 is to separate the phase mask 101 from the fiber substrate 103 by a certain distance, which can both protect the phase mask 101 from contamination by the optical fiber to be written 9 and the index matching fluid 104 on the fiber substrate 103, and ensure that the optical fiber to be written 9 is parallel to the phase 101 and spaced within a diffraction distance of the phase mask 101. The fiber substrate 103 has a length and width no less than the quartz slice 102, the thickness is 2mm. The material used has high transmittance in the UV band for writing, there is a V-shaped slot in the center of one side of the substrate, the direction of the slot is consistent with the direction of the grating period of the phase mask 101, and the angle between the two sides of the slot is 120 degrees. If the optical fiber happened to fit into the V-shaped slot, i.e. the circular-section of the opticalfiber cladding is tangent to all three sides of the V-shaped slot, it can be seen by the simple geometric relationship calculation the V-shaped slot depth H = D(1/2 + 1/V), and the width W
2VD, in the formula D represents the optical fiber cladding diameter. For example, for a
single-mode optical fiber, the cladding diameter D=125±5 micrometers, take D = 130 micrometers, the calculation can be understood that the slot depth is not less than 140 micrometers, slot width is not less than 485 micrometers.
[0038] The two sides of the V-shaped slot of the fiber substrate 103 are coated with metal reflective films, which can reflect almost 100% of the written UV back to the V-shaped slot. By precisely controlling the refractive index of the index matching fluid to be consistent with refractive index of the optical fiber cladding, inside of the V-shaped slot can be regarded as the same uniform material. As shown in FIG. 3, the reflected beams on both sides of the V-shaped slot and the writing beam is equivalent to three beams with a 120-degree angle illuminating the optical fiber at the same time. Hence it can effectively improve the uniform beam distribution, and improve the quality of grating preparation.
[0039] The index matching fluid used in the device uses water as solvent and glycerol as solute, precisely allocate the ratio of the two to obtain the same refractive index of the optical fiber cladding, and to fill the gap between the optical fiber to be written and the V-shaped slot. From the absorption spectral characteristics of the UV band substances, it can be seen that the absorption wavelengths of water and glycerol are under 230nm, and the UV light of 248nm wavelength as the written optical source will not be absorbed by the index matching fluid.
[0040] Embodiment 2:
[0041] The embodiment will combine FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 to explain the steps of using the grating
preparation device of the invention to conduct grating preparation.
[0042] Step 1, Optical Path Construction: to achieve grating preparation, except for the grating
preparation device 1, components also needed are: an optical platform 2, an excimer laser 3, an
aperture 4, beam expanders 5, mirrors 6, cylindrical lens 7, a triaxial positioning stages 8, fiber
clamps 10, an optical fiber V groove holder 11, and a Fiber-optic grating writing online
monitoring system 12. The excimer laser 3 emits a high-energy UV writing beam 13, the
aperture 4 is used to remove the light spot of uniform light intensity from the beam 13 emitted by
the excimer laser 3. The beam expanders 5 are used to expand the light spot obtained by the
aperture 4 to meet the needs of FBG writing, and the mirrors 6 are used to adjust the writing
beam from a horizontal direction to a vertical direction to meet the needs of the grating
preparation device 1. The cylindrical lens 7 compresses the writing beam 13 in the direction of
the optical fiber cross-section to improve the energy density, the grating preparation device 1 is
fixed on the triaxial positioning stage 8, by adjusting the triaxial positioning stage 8 can achieve
the adjustment of the position and height of the grating preparation device 1. The optical fiber
clamps 10 are distributed on both sides of the triaxial positioning stage 8, used to fix the optical
fiber to be written 9, to avoid the change of the position of the optical fiber during the writing
process affecting the quality of FBG writing. The optical fiber V groove holder 11 for connecting
the optical fiber to be written 9 to the Fiber-optic grating writing online monitoring system 12,
the Fiber-optic grating writing online monitoring system 12 is used for real-time monitoring of
the reflection and transmission spectra of the optical fiber to be written 9. The optical platform 2
is used to fix the above-mentioned optical components to avoid the effects of environmental
vibration on the FBG writing;
[0043] Step 2, Parameters Adjustment: Activate the excimer laser 3, set pulse frequency and energy, remove the phase mask 101 and quartz slice 102 of the grating preparation device 1 and adjust the position and height of the grating preparation device 1 via the triaxial positioning 8, so that the writing beam 13 is focused in the V-shaped slot of the fiber substrate 103;
[0044] Step 3, Optical Fiber Placement: Peel off the coating layer of the area to be written on the
optical fiber to be written 9, peel off a length greater than the length of the V-shaped slot of the
fiber substrate 103. Wipe it clean with alcohol, put it into the V-shaped slot of the fiber substrate
103, drip an appropriate amount of the index matching fluid 104, gently move the optical fiber to
be written 9 so that the index matching fluid 104 completely fills the gap between the V-shaped
slot and the optical fiber to be written 9. Cover the quartz slice 102 on the fiber substrate 103 to
ensure that the air between the two is removed. Cover the phase mask 101 on the quartz slice 102,
use the optical fiber clamps 10 to fix the optical fiber to be written 9 on both ends of the grating
preparation device 1, and connect the optical fiber to be written 9 to the Fiber-optic grating
writing online monitoring system 12 via the optical fiber V groove holder 11;
[0045] Step 4, FBG Writing: Increase the output energy of the excimer laser 3 to process FBG
writing, in the meantime, observe the FBG writing effect using the Fiber-optic grating writing
online monitoring system 12. Turn off the excimer laser 3 and Fiber-optic grating writing online
monitoring system 12 when the grating meets the writing requirements;
[0046] Step 5, Finish Preparation: Open the optical fiber V groove holder 11, open the optical
fiber clamps 10, remove the phase mask 101 and quartz slice 102, take the optical fiber 9 out of
the fiber substrate 103, and complete the grating preparation.
Claims (3)
1. A grating preparation device for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the method of
exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector, its characteristics are: it comprises a phase
mask, a quartz slice, a fiber substrate, and index matching fluid. The fiber substrate has a
V-shaped slot on one side to place the optical fiber to be written. The quartz slice covers the fiber
substrate, the phase mask covers the quartz slice. The index matching fluid is for filling the gap
between the V-shaped slot on the fiber substrate and the optical fiber to be written.
2. As claimed in claim 1, a grating preparation device for variant-shaped core optical fiber
based on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector, its components have
following characteristics:
(1) The fiber substrate, its material has high transmittance in the ultraviolet (UV) band
for writing, there is a V-shaped slot in the center of one side of the substrate, the direction
of the slot is consistent with the direction of the phase mask grating period, the two sides
of the slot are coated with metal reflective films, that have high reflectivity in the UV
band for writing, the angle between the two sides of the slot is 120 degrees, the slot depth
H and slot width W are determined by the diameter of the optical fiber cladding to be
written D, the formula is: H D(1/2 + 1/V), W > 2VD.
(2) The quartz slice used, has a length and width of not less than the phase mask, with a
thickness of 50 micrometers, is made of quartz glass, which has a high transmittance in
the UV band for writing, and can transmit the diffraction beam generated by the phase
mask to the fiber substrate on the lower layer, in the meantime protecting the phase mask
from contamination by the optical fiber to be written and the index matching fluid on the
fiber substrate.
(3) The phase mask used, various phase masks that can be used for Fiber Bragg grating
(FBG) writing can be chosen.
(4) The index matching fluid used, its characteristics are: use water as solvent and
glycerol as solute, has high transmittance to the UV band for writing, and by precisely controlling the ratio of water to glycerol to obtain a refractive index consistent with the optical fiber cladding.
3. A grating preparation method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the method
of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector, its characteristics are: the steps comprises
the following:
Step 1: The grating preparation device of the invention is placed in the FBG writing
platform and the FBG writing beam is adjusted to illuminate vertically from above to
bottom on the phase mask of the grating preparation device;
Step 2: Remove the phase mask and quartz slice of the grating preparation device and
adjust the position and height of the fiber substrate so that the written UV beam is focused
in the V-shaped slot of the fiber substrate;
Step 3: Peel off the coating layer of the area to be written on the optical fiber to be written,
peel off a length greater than the length of the V-shaped slot of the fiber substrate. Wipe it
clean with alcohol, put it into the V-shaped slot, drip an appropriate amount of the index
matching fluid, gently move the optical fiber to be written so that the index matching fluid
completely fills the gap between the V-shaped slot and the optical fiber to be written.
Cover the quartz slice on the fiber substrate to ensure that the air between the two is
removed. Cover the phase mask on the quartz slice, use the optical fiber clamps to fix the
optical fiber to be written, and connect the optical fiber to be written to the Fiber-optic
grating writing online monitoring system;
Step 4: Start the laser for FBG writing, observe the FBG writing effect using the
Fiber-optic grating writing online monitoring system. Turn off the laser and Fiber-optic
grating writing online monitoring system when the grating meets the writing requirements;
Step 5: Disconnect the optical fiber from the Fiber-optic grating writing online monitoring
system, remove the phase mask and quartz slice from the grating preparation device,
remove the optical fiber from the V-shaped slot of the fiber substrate and complete the
grating preparation.
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| AU2020100906A AU2020100906A4 (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | A grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2020100906A AU2020100906A4 (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-01 | A grating preparation device and method for variant-shaped core optical fibers based on the method of exposure overlay with 120-degree angle reflector |
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| AU2020100906A4 true AU2020100906A4 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113740949A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-03 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Optical path adjusting system and optical path adjusting method |
-
2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113740949A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-03 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Optical path adjusting system and optical path adjusting method |
| CN113740949B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-10-17 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Optical path adjusting system and optical path adjusting method |
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