AU2020100831B4 - A wearable pair of glasses for detecting Parkinson’s disease - Google Patents

A wearable pair of glasses for detecting Parkinson’s disease Download PDF

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AU2020100831B4
AU2020100831B4 AU2020100831A AU2020100831A AU2020100831B4 AU 2020100831 B4 AU2020100831 B4 AU 2020100831B4 AU 2020100831 A AU2020100831 A AU 2020100831A AU 2020100831 A AU2020100831 A AU 2020100831A AU 2020100831 B4 AU2020100831 B4 AU 2020100831B4
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monitoring
sebr
glasses
patients
treatments
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AU2020100831A4 (en
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Jianqun Gao
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
    • A61B5/4076—Diagnosing or monitoring particular conditions of the nervous system
    • A61B5/4082—Diagnosing or monitoring movement diseases, e.g. Parkinson, Huntington or Tourette
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/296—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/6803—Head-worn items, e.g. helmets, masks, headphones or goggles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/002—Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

:2020100831 A wearable pair of glasses is composed of one camera, two Electromyograph (EMG) electrodes, one internal receptor, and one battery on each side. The camera is equipped on each side of the invention to register spontaneous eye blinking rate (sEBR). The Electromyograph (EMG) electrodes are equipped on each side of the invention to detect muscle group activity signals. The internal receptor equipped to enable data recording and storage, Bluetooth or Wi-fi to enable data transfer for analysis. A designed App is used on mobile devices for data analysis

Description

A wearable pair of glasses for detecting Parkinson's disease
Background of the invention Parkinson'sdisease Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting -7 million people worldwide. According to the Deloitte Access Economics report 'Living with PD: An updated economic analysis 2014', a conservative estimate of 81,000 people would have PD in 2018 in Australia, suggesting that one in every 308 people in Australia lives with PD. Moreover, this second highest prevalent neurodegenerative condition causes a heavy economic burden on the Australian society, indicated by a total economic cost of $9.9 billion for the year 2014 and an estimated cost of $12.3 billion in 2018. PD affects both central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in a series of motor and non-motor symptoms. The principal motor symptoms, including a coarse slow shaking at rest, slowness of movement, stiffness and resistance to limb movement and postural instability, are often more recognizable compared to unspecific non-motor symptoms. Current guidelines for its diagnosis are based on the clinician's recognition of these motor symptoms and patient's ability to respond to specific treatments such as L-dopa. Unfortunately, by this time irreversible damage has already occurred in the brain. Growing evidence indicates that intervention or treatment at an earlier stage of the disease not only improves patients' outcomes and quality of life, but also benefits the family in making long-term arrangements and delays the time to institutionalization. Under such circumstances, early detection and diagnosis of PD is critical.
Application of mobile and wearabledevices in the use ofPD diagnosis Mobile and wearable devices have provided good opportunities to detect neurodegenerative diseases in a timely and economical manner by continuously collecting high-frequency longitudinal disease-related data sets, which might be used for early diagnosis. For PD, a variety of wearable devices have been tested to identify those subjects who may develop the disease before the occurrence of noticeable symptoms, including a prompted voice test that probes vocal cord tremor; a smart watch for long-term recording of subjects' motor status and drug/food intake; and tapping tests using smart phone applications or a computer keyboard for the detection of fine motor control.
Design of current wearableglasses as a screening toolfor PD The current wearable pair of glasses (the invention) is designed as a reliable screening tool to detect PD at early stage, and differentiate PD from other Parkinson-like diseases. This non-invasive easy-to-operate tool is a pair of glasses with sensors to detect eye movements and facial muscles. It will send continuous recordings over Bluetooth or Wi-Fi onto a mobile device (e.g. phone, pad). The design of this smart invention is based on detecting common early signs observed during routine clinical examination of PD patients, which is the reduction of spontaneous eye blinking rate (sEBR) and facial muscle use (masked face). Small changes in these features can be more easily detected by sensors which could be attached to a pair of glasses. Decreased eye blinking rate by itself is not sufficient for a diagnosis of PD as this may be caused by other conditions, so pairing this with facial muscle movement will enhance the power of determining a high risk of PD. In addition, these symptoms in PD patients might be improved by treatments, therefore, we expect the invention to be very useful in both detecting PD and managing its treatment.
Supportive evidencefrom human studies 1. Decreased sEBR is observed during routine clinical examination in PD patients. Moreover, the dry eye disease commonly seen in PD patients is thought to result from a decreased sEBR. 2. A recent paper reports lower sEBR and BMP (blink maximal power) measured by vertical electrooculogram as well as a reduction of frontal and peri-buccal muscle activities measured by facial surface electromyography in 24 PD patients as compared to 24 healthy controls.
3. Activity changes in periocular muscles (orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae) has
also been recorded in an earlier study on patients with Parkinsonism.
Description of the invention
The aim of this invention is to develop a tool for the early diagnosis and differential
diagnosis of PD, for monitoring the responsiveness to any treatments and treatment
trials, and for monitoring the deterioration/progression of PD patients.
Advantages of the current invention
1. Non-invasiveness
The invention is a wearable pair of glasses which detects spontaneous eye blinking rate
(sEBR) and activity in facial muscles simultaneously. The glasses of this invention can
be replaced by prescribed ones so that the users can wear them whenever they like.
2. Easy to operate
The user only needs to operate the on-off button on the invention to start recording.
When transferring the recordings from the invention to mobile devices, the user only
needs to pair these devices through Bluetooth or Wi-fi so that the transfer can be
completed on the designed App configured on the invention.
3. Analysis of recordings
The invention provides long-term data collection to analyze changes over observational
period. Analysis will be performed on the designed App configured on the invention
and the user can find out the trend and bring it to the doctor if necessary.
Description of the drawings
Figure 1: Design of the invention.
On each side of the glasses:
1. One camera is equipped to register spontaneous eye blinking rate (sEBR);
2. Two Electromyograph (EMG) electrodes are equipped to detect muscle group
activity signals;
Facial movements are determined by the contraction and relaxation of the mimetic muscles, which cannot be identified by visual observations. Therefore, facial surface electromyography is used to detect tiny changes in facial muscle activity. 3. One internal receptor is equipped to enable data recording and storage, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to enable data transfer for analysis. 4. A designed App configured on the invention is used to analyze data on paired mobile devices (e.g. phone, pad) for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD, for monitoring the responsiveness to any treatments and treatment trials, and for monitoring the deterioration/progression of PD patients.
Figure2: Examplefigures of changes in sEBR and muscle activity. (A) Changes in blinks per minute (sEBR) over observational period. (B) Decreased facial muscle activity along with reduced sEBR in PD (blue line). (C) Monitoring continuous sEBR before and after treatment.
The measurement of sEBR in combination with the muscle activity signals will be considered together in early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD. The possibilities of each pattern are listed in table 1.
Table 1: Paradigm for differential diagnosis of PD using the proposed device
sEBR Possibilities Muscle activity Possibilities Decreased PD or central facial Symmetric PD palsy (e.g. post stroke) change or physiological Asymmetric Central facial palsy (e.g. conditions change post stroke)
No change Physiological conditions Increased Inflammation or Schizophrenia Decreased sEBR could be explained by PD, central facial palsy or physiological conditions. When it pairs with symmetric change in muscle activity, it's more likely PD; when it pairs with asymmetric change in muscle activity, it's more likely central facial palsy (e.g. post stroke); and when there is no change in muscle activity, the reduced sEBR might occur under some physiological conditions. When increased sEBR is detected, inflammation or schizophrenia needs to be ruled out.

Claims (5)

The claims defining the invention are as follows:
1. A wearable pair of glasses is composed of one camera, two electromyograph
electrodes, one internal receptor, and one battery on each side, wherein the internal
receptor is configured to record and transmit the measurements of spontaneous eye
blinking rate (sEBR) in combination with the muscle activity signals to an external
mobile device configured for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of
Parkinson's disease (PD), for monitoring the responsiveness to any treatments and
treatment trials, and for monitoring the deterioration/progression of PD patients.
2. The wearable pair of glasses according to claim 1, where in one camera is equipped
on each side, measures sEBR, and in combination with muscle activity signals,
collects data for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD, for monitoring
the responsiveness to any treatments and treatment trials, and for monitoring the
deterioration/progression of PD patients.
3. The wearable pair of glasses according to claim 1, where in two electromyograph
electrodes are equipped on each side, simultaneously measures activity in facial
muscles, and in combination with sEBR measured by cameras as in claim 2,
collects data for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD, for monitoring
the responsiveness to any treatments and treatment trials, and for monitoring the
deterioration/progression of PD patients.
4. The wearable pair of glasses according to claim 1, where in one internal receptor
is equipped on each side, records and transmits measurements of sEBR and muscle
activity signals via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, to an external mobile device, for early
diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD, for monitoring the responsiveness to
any treatments and treatment trials, and for monitoring the
deterioration/progression of PD patients.
5. The wearable pair of glasses of claim 1 further comprising a designed App
configured to analyze data for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD, for
monitoring the responsiveness to any treatments and treatment trials, and for
monitoring the deterioration/progression of PD patients.
Figure 1: Design of the invention.
Figure 2: Example figures of changes in sEBR and muscle activity.
AU2020100831A 2020-05-24 2020-05-24 A wearable pair of glasses for detecting Parkinson’s disease Active AU2020100831B4 (en)

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US11806078B1 (en) 2022-05-01 2023-11-07 Globe Biomedical, Inc. Tear meniscus detection and evaluation system
CN115890655B (en) * 2022-10-11 2024-02-09 人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(广州) Mechanical arm control method, device and medium based on head gesture and electrooculogram

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090058660A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2009-03-05 Torch William C Biosensors, communicators, and controllers monitoring eye movement and methods for using them
US20180161579A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-14 Oculeve, Inc. Extranasal stimulation devices and methods
US10039445B1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2018-08-07 Google Llc Biosensors, communicators, and controllers monitoring eye movement and methods for using them
WO2018184072A1 (en) * 2017-04-07 2018-10-11 Brien Holden Vision Institute Systems, devices and methods for slowing the progression of a condition of the eye and/or improve ocular and/or other physical conditions

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090058660A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2009-03-05 Torch William C Biosensors, communicators, and controllers monitoring eye movement and methods for using them
US10039445B1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2018-08-07 Google Llc Biosensors, communicators, and controllers monitoring eye movement and methods for using them
US20180161579A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-14 Oculeve, Inc. Extranasal stimulation devices and methods
WO2018184072A1 (en) * 2017-04-07 2018-10-11 Brien Holden Vision Institute Systems, devices and methods for slowing the progression of a condition of the eye and/or improve ocular and/or other physical conditions

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