AU2019280443A1

AU2019280443A1 - New uses of carbetamide

Info

Publication number: AU2019280443A1
Application number: AU2019280443A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Andrew HORSFIELD
Original assignee: Adama Australia Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Adama Australia Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2018-06-05
Filing date: 2019-06-05
Publication date: 2021-01-28
Also published as: WO2019232569A1; AU2019100613B4; AR115487A1; AU2019100613A4

Abstract

The invention provides a carbetamide composition when used to control a weed in an herbicide-tolerant crop, such as an herbicide-tolerant canola. The weed is preferably a herbicide-resistant weed chosen from annual ryegrass, a hybrid derived from annual ryegrass, Swiss ryegrass and bromegrass. The invention also provides a method of controlling an herbicide-resistant weed, the method including the steps of: - applying a composition containing carbetamide as an active ingredient to a ground area intended for growing a crop; and - mechanically incorporating the composition into the ground area at the same time as sowing the crop.

Description

New Uses of Carbetamide

Technical Field

The invention relates to novel uses for carbetamide ([(2S)-l-(ethylamino)-l- oxopropan-2-yl] N-phenylcarbamate) as an herbicide.

Background Art Carbetamide is generally used as a selective herbicide to control a range of grass weeds and some broad leaf weeds. Grass weeds which carbetamide may control include Barley Grasses (Hordeum spp.), Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), Lesser Canary Grass (Phalaris minor), Madrid Brome (Bromus madritensis), Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Prairie Grass (Bromus unioloides), Rats Tail Fescue ( Vulpia myuros), Shivery Grass (Briza minor), Silvery Hairgrass (Aira caryophyliea), Soft Brome (Bromus mollis), Squirrel-tail Fescue (Vulpio bromoides), Sterile Brome (Bromus sterilis), Wimmera Ryegrass (Annual Ryegrass) (Lolium rigidum), Winter Grass (Poa annua), Yakka Grass (Sporobolus caroli) and Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus). Broad leaf weeds which carbetamide may control include Chickweed (Stellaria media), Climbing Buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus), Mouse-ear Chickweed (Cerastium glomeratum), Shepherds Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) and Wireweed (Hogweed) (Polygonum aviculare).

Carbetamide is generally used to control such weeds in crops after the crop has emerged. It has been used in such crops as pasture/grain legumes and canola/oilseed rape (OSR), as well as under tree and vine crops in regions such as the European Union. Post-emergent application of carbetamide can carry with it a risk of crop damage in legumes and canola/OSR. This risk has been accepted as a consequence of carbetamide use, in view of the effectiveness of carbetamide in controlling such weeds.

Farming methods have diversified over the years so that there are options to the traditional tillage technique, in which soil is prepared for crops by mechanical agitation (usually ploughing). One such option is no-till farming, in which the remnants of the previous crop are allowed to remain in the soil to act as mulch. To sow the next crop, the soil is disturbed as little as possible by using special equipment with discs or tine coulters to form shallow slots for the seed. Another option is low-till farming, which also avoids ploughing but which may use a limited amount of shallow disc harrowing.

For convenience, no-till and low-till farming are referred to generally below as minimum tillage farming.

At the same time, crop development has resulted in some herbicide-tolerant crops, for example, under the Clearfield (trademark) management system, or crops bred by traditional plant breeding methods, or through genetic engineering. Such crops can be grown in areas where major weed problems occur. Canola is one such crop.

Herbicide-tolerant crops may be tolerant to glyphosate ('Roundup Ready') and /or triazine and/or glufosinate-ammonium, for example. Herbicide-tolerant crops can be advantageous in minimum tillage farming, as well as in other farming methods. However, some herbicide-tolerant weeds have also developed, causing severe problems in weed control. In Australia, for example, Lolium rigidum (Annual Ryegrass) has developed resistance to many herbicides. For grain-growing regions this is a huge problem, especially since there has been cross-pollination between herbicide-resistant Lolium, generating even more resistance to herbicides. In 2013, it was reported that at least the following weeds were herbicide-resistant in Australia: annual ryegrass, wild radish, barnyard grass, windmill grass, milkthistle, flaxleaf fleabane, liverseed grass and Bromegrass.

More recent reports indicate that Australia has over 50 herbicide-resistant weed species, while USA has over 161 herbicide-resistant weed species. The range of herbicides to which weed species are resistant is continually growing. The present invention in its various aspects provides new uses for carbetamide, which uses in some embodiments are particularly suitable for minimum tillage farming and/or for weed control in herbicide-tolerant crops.

Summary of the Invention In a first aspect, the invention is concerned with pre-sowing application of carbetamide, where carbetamide is incorporated by sowing and which can be especially suited to minimum tillage farming systems, although not limited to those applications.

In a second aspect, it has been discovered that carbetamide can be effective in certain herbicide-tolerant crops to control weeds, optionally herbicide resistant weeds. Carbetamide was not previously known for this use.

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention provides a method of controlling a weed, the method including the steps of: applying a composition containing carbetamide as an active ingredient to a ground area intended for growing a crop; and mechanically incorporating the composition into the ground area at the same time as sowing the crop.

Preferably, the weed to be controlled is an herbicide-resistant weed, such as annual ryegrass, Bromegrass or Barley grass. The method of this first aspect of the invention is particularly suitable for use in minimum tillage farming. It can provide marked efficiencies in reduced time and labour because the incorporation of the composition is effected at the same time as sowing the seed. The composition may be applied up to several weeks prior to sowing (depending on weather conditions). The weeds to be controlled may include any of the weeds for which carbetamide is known as effective, including the grass weeds and broad leaf weeds listed above. It has been found that the method of the invention can provide improved control of Lolium rigidum in particular, compared to traditional post-emergent application of carbetamide. The method of the invention can also avoid or reduce crop damage which has been observed when carbetamide is applies post-sowing or post-emergence as a solo application. Preferably, the crop is chosen from canola/OSR and grain legumes, examples being chickpeas, faba/broad beans, lupins, lentils, field peas and vetch.

The crop may be an herbicide-tolerant crop, one non-limiting example of which is dual tolerant canola (Brassica napus cv. Hyola 525RT), which is tolerant to glyphosate (ie, Roundup Ready) and triazine. Another example is triazine-tolerant canola (Brassica napus cv. Crusher). Other non-limiting examples are Hyola 414RR, Hyola 559TT and ATR Bonito.

The composition may include any other desirable ingredient. In a preferred embodiment, carbetamide as an active ingredient is included in a tank mixture with other suitable products, such as other residual herbicides, for example (but not limited to) triazines, HPPD inhibitors, such as pyrazoles (eg, pyrasulfotole and benzofenap) and isoxazoles (eg, isoxaflutole) and dintroanilines. Other suitable products may include post-emergent broad-spectrum knockdown herbicides, such as glyphosate, glufosinate and paraquat. In this way, it is possible to effectively control emerged weeds and germinating weeds by a single herbicide application. It is preferred that carbetamide is applied to the area at 250 to 2100 g active ingredient per hectare.

Adjuvants may also be included in the composition as appropriate.

In the method of the invention, farmers are able to apply carbetamide in minimum tillage farming systems up to several weeks prior to sowing and then use the sowing process to mechanically incorporate the carbetamide (and any other active ingredient if using the tank mix option described above). This contrasts to the prior art use of carbetamide for post-emergent use. There is no separate step of mechanical incorporation of the composition, prior to sowing. The timing of the sowing step in the method of the invention may be chosen according to any rainfall occurring between the application step and the intended sowing step.

Compared with the prior art post-emergent application of carbetamide, the method of the invention in its first aspect is at least as effective and can provide better crop safety.

In the second aspect, the invention provides a carbetamide composition when used to control a weed in an herbicide-tolerant crop.

The carbetamide composition may be combined in a tank mix with one or more other active ingredients. In one embodiment, the composition is applied to a ground area intended for growing the herbicide-tolerant crop and then mechanically incorporated into the ground area at the same time as sowing the crop.

The use of this embodiment of the second aspect of the invention is also particularly suitable for minimum tillage farming. It can provide marked efficiencies in reduced time and labour because the incorporation of the composition is effected at the same time as sowing the seed. Good results have been achieved when the composition has been applied about 1 to 2 weeks prior to sowing, but the invention is not limited to this timing. In addition, application the same day as sowing can also be effective, as mentioned below. The weeds to be controlled may include any of the weeds for which carbetamide is known as effective, including the grass weeds and broad leaf weeds listed above. It has been found that the use of the invention can provide improved control of Lolium rigidum, including in herbicide-tolerant crops. Lolium rigidum has become multiple- herbicide-resistant, being resistant to glyphosate, triazines, imidazolines and other herbicides for which herbicide-tolerant traits have been incorporated into commercial cultivars. It is expected that use of the composition of the invention and of the method of the invention will also be effective on hybrids of Lolium rigidum, for example with L. multiflorum, L. perenne, L. arundinaceum and some species of Festuca. Additional grass weeds for which effective use is expected include Vulpia spp., Briza spp._; Air a spp., Poa spp., Phalaris spp, Sporobolus spp. and Dactylis spp.

The herbicide -tolerant crop is preferably canola, but also includes grain legumes bred for herbicide tolerance e.g. triazine-tolerance. One non-limiting example is dual tolerant canola (Brossico napus cv. Hyola 525RT), which is tolerant to glyphosate (ie, Roundup Ready) and triazine. Another example is triazine-tolerant canola (Brassica napus cv. Crusher). Other non-limiting examples are Hyola 414RR (Roundup Ready), Hyola 559TT (triazine tolerant) and ATR Bonito (triazine tolerant).

The composition may include any other desirable ingredient. For example, for control of grasses and broadleaf weeds as referred to above in triazine-tolerant crops, carbetamide may be used in a tank mix with one or more herbicides including triazines such as atrazine, terbuthylazine or simazine, dinitroanilines such as trifluralin, pendimethalin or oryzalin. Further non-limiting examples are Group J herbicides such as triallate, or prosulfocarb, S-metolachlor, metolachlor, clomazone, pyroxasulfone, propyzamide, napropamide and metazachlor

Preferably carbetamide is applied as active ingredient in the range 250 to 2100 g per hectare. The carbetamide dose can also be applied either pre-sowing only or as a combination of pre-sowing plus post-sowing pre-emergent (prior to crop and weed emergence).

Trial results have shown the safety and effectiveness of carbetamide in RR (Roundup Ready) canola and in combination with a triazine in canola RT (tolerant to both glyphosate and triazines). Further examples are set out below.

The novel use of carbetamide in herbicide-tolerant crops can extend the useful life of the herbicide tolerance trait technology. It allows farmers to continue to grow such herbicide-tolerant crops while being able to control resistant weeds, such as Lolium rigidum.

In order that the invention in its various aspects may be more readily understood and put into practice, one or more preferred embodiments thereof will now be described. Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments Example 1

This example is a non-limiting example of the method of the first aspect of the invention.

A trial was conducted to evaluate the control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Mandellup. An untreated control and a composition having propyzamide as active ingredient were included for comparison.

The compositions trialled are as set out in Table 1:

Table 1: Herbicide Composition

The seed bed for the crop was burnt stubble, the tillage type being minimum tillage.

Each composition was applied by spraying on the seed bed, using LP gas as propellant. Immediately after, the crop seeds were sown. The sowing equipment used knife points and press wheels, sowing being at a depth of 2.5 cm. Row spacing was 25.4 cm. The control of annual ryegrass was observed at 63 days and 140 days after sowing (DAS). The results are in Table 2:

Table 2: Weed Control (Annual Ryegrass)

Table 2 shows the efficacy of the method of the first aspect of the invention in controlling annual ryegrass in the lupin crop at 63 days after sowing. Efficacy persisted at 140 days after sowing in contrast to the performance of propyzamide. The results were superior for control of annual ryegrass from PS and PS + PSPE, compared to carbetamide applied PSPE only.

The trial did not show any significant treatment effects on lupin seedlings. Final crop vigour was generally higher than or equivalent to the untreated control. No crop phytotoxicity was observed in this trial.

Example 2

This example is a non-limiting example of the method of the first aspect of the invention, combined with an example of the carbetamide use in the second aspect of the invention, in which a carbetamide composition is used to control weeds in an herbicide-tolerant crop.

This trial was conducted to evaluate the crop safety of carbetamide on four canola varieties, to compare crop safety with registered standard herbicides and to determine the impact of any phytotoxic effects on grain yield in the absence of weeds. The treatments are set out in table 4:

Table 4: Treatment List

The four canola varieties are set out in Table 5:

Table 5: Canola Varieties tested

Treatments were applied to the minimum tillage crop site and incorporated by sowing the four canola varieties (Brassico nopus) immediately after, using a knife point / press wheel assembly. The dry upper 4cm of soil meant germination and emergence was delayed and at 22 days after sowing most plants were cotyledon to first leaf. Crop phytotoxicity and vigour were rated.

The carbetamide treatments were safe to use immediately before sowing canola varieties Hyola 404RR, Hyola 559TT, ATR Bonito and Hyola 525RT, when applied at 1500 and 2100 g ai/ha. There was negligible plant phytotoxicity observed, no effect on crop emergence and no reduction in yield compared to registered standard herbicides Propyzamide 500 g/L SC at 500 g ai/ha, Trifluralin 600 g/L EC at 960 g ai/ha + Atrazine 900 g/kg WG at 990 g ai/ha and Propyzamide 500 g/L SC at 500 g ai/ha + Atrazine 900 g/kg WG at 990 g ai/ha.

Mixing carbetamide 600 g/kg WG at 1500 g ai/ha with Atrazine 900 g/kg WG at 990 g ai/ha was also safe on all varieties with no significant change in any trait measured. Mixing carbetamide at 1500 g ai/ha with Atrazine 900 g/kg WG at 990 g ai/ha was also safe on all varieties with no significant change in any trait measured.

Crop damage became more apparent at higher rates of carbetamide and was seen as a reduction in crop vigour. This was clearly seen at 4200 g ai/ha, occurred for all varieties and impacted yield. There was no effect on absolute grain yield and yield from carbetamide at 4200 g ai/ha was comparable to the untreated and registered herbicides for all varieties. However, yield relative to the untreated control was reduced. The effect was variety dependent. Hyola 404RR, Hyola 559TT and ATR Bonito recorded a trend to a lower % of the untreated control that was rarely significant. The effect was most strongly seen in Hyola 525RT with significantly lower % compared to the untreated, all registered standards and carbetamide at 1500 and 2100 g ai/ha.

The trial was sown into a sandy soil type with a dry surface. Heavy rainfall events soon after sowing that were heavy enough to collapse furrows may have impacted on the crop safety of carbetamide 600 g/kg WG at higher rates.

Example 3

This example is another non-limiting example of the method of the first aspect of the invention, combined with an example of the carbetamide use in the second aspect of the invention, in which a carbetamide composition is used to control weeds in an herbicide-tolerant crop. In this example, application of carbetamide prior to sowing and incorporated by sowing (IBS), post sowing but pre-emergence (PSPE) and early post emergence (EPE) were compared with each other and with propyzamide, registered for use in herbicide-tolerant crops.

The target weed was annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in a triazine tolerant canola (Brass ica napus cv, Hyola 559TT) crop.

The treatments are listed in Table 6:

Table 6: Treatment List

The IBS treatments were applied by spraying to the minimum tillage crop site, the seed bed being burnt wheat stubble, and incorporated by sowing the canola immediately after, using a knife point / press wheel assembly.

The PSPE treatments were applied by spraying 2 days after sowing. The EPE treatments were applied by spraying 50 days after sowing.

Compared to the untreated control, carbetamide applied IBS and PSPE showed a significant reduction (> 90%) in annual ryegrass counts at 35 days after sowing, with control increasing to > 95% at 85 days after sowing.

Compared to the untreated control, carbetamide applied EPE also showed a significant reduction (70-78%) in annual ryegrass counts at 55 days after sowing, with control at 85 days after sowing increasing to 82% at 1002 g ai/ha and >95% when applied at 2100 g ai/ha.

All carbetamide treatments significantly reduced final annual ryegrass counts (>78%) at 162 days after sowing. At the lower rate of 1002 g ai/ha, carbetamide applied EPE resulted in significantly lower annual ryegrass control at 55 and 85 days after sowing. At the higher rate of 2100 g ai/ha, carbetamide applied EPE also resulted in lower level of control at 55 days after sowing; however, by 85 days after sowing the annual ryegrass control was equivalent to IBS and PSPE applications. Compared to propyzamide applied IBS, carbetamide applied at 1002 g ai/ha IBS and PSPE was equivalent for annual ryegrass control at 36 and 55 days after sowing. Carbetamide applied EPE (at 50 days) showed significantly higher control at 55 days than the IBS and PSPE applications, but at 85 days after sowing carbetamide applications at 1002 g ai/ha IBS and PSPE and 2100 g ai/ha EPE were equivalent to propyzamide. For carbetamide IBS and PSPE at 2100 g ai/ha, control of annual ryegrass was significantly better than propyzamide.

There was no significant difference in crop emergence between treated and untreated plots. There was a reduction in crop vigour for carbetamide applied at 2100 g ai/ha PSPE, but otherwise the carbetamide treatments were not significantly lower than propyzamide in crop vigour. Generally, IBS application of carbetamide was safer than PSPE and EPE applications.

There were no phytotoxic symptoms in the crop or significant differences in yield.

Example 4

This example is a non-limiting example of the method of the first aspect of the invention, combined with an example of the carbetamide use in the second aspect of the invention, in which carbetamide compositions are used to control annual ryegrass in a dual herbicide-tolerant canola crop (Brassica napus cv. 525RT). The treatments were compared with each other and with propyzamide, registered for use in herbicide-tolerant crops. All treatments were applied prior to sowing at different intervals and incorporated by sowing (IBS).

The treatments are set out in table 7:

Table 7: Treatment List

The IBS treatments were applied by spraying at the days before sowing as indicated to the minimum tillage crop site, the seed bed being grazed wheat stubble, and incorporated by sowing the canola, using a knife point / press wheel assembly.

Weed count assessments showed that the carbetamide treatments gave significant reduction in annual ryegrass density, representing overall control of >90%, which was still evident 70 days after sowing.

Initially, at 34 days after sowing, carbetamide treatment at 1500 g ai/ha applied immediately before sowing had lower annual ryegrass control, but by 154 days after sowing the ryegrass control was equivalent for both timings of 13 and 6 days before sowing for both 1500 and 2100 g ai/ha, and for 2100 g ai/ha for the 0 days timing.

In relation to the product rates, there was no significant difference in ryegrass density at 34, 70 and 154 days after sowing in the concentrations of carbetamide applied at 13 and 6 days before sowing.

When compared to propyzamide, each carbetamide treatment showed significantly lower annual ryegrass counts at all stages. The superiority of the carbetamide treatments was observed in inter-row density of annual ryegrass (about 80% reduction for propyzamide compared to 95-97% reduction for carbetamide) and seeding row counts (about 70% reduction for propyzamide compared to about 85% reduction for carbetamide). Crop safety assessments showed no phytotoxicity or differences in crop establishment in response to any of the treatments. Vigour reductions at 34 days after sowing were negligible and not significantly different from the untreated control. By 70 days after sowing, all treatments had a significantly improved vigour (6-13%) over the untreated control. All treatments significantly improved yield (>37%) compared to the untreated control. All rates and timings were equivalent, except that the carbetamide treatment applied 6 days before sowing at 1500 g ai/ha had a significantly higher yield compared to the same concentration applied 0 days before sowing. Example 5

This example is a non-limiting example of the method of the first aspect of the invention, combined with examples of carbetamide use in the second aspect of the invention, including combinations of carbetamide with other active ingredients in tank mixes.

The efficacy of carbetamide was tested on target weeds Swiss ryegrass (Lolium rigidum leptoroides )in a crop of herbicide tolerant canola (Brassica rapa cv. 'Canola'

Carbetamide 900 g/kg was used alone, at product rates of 280 g/kg, 560 g/kg and 2300 g/kg, and at the lower rates of 280 g/kg and 560 g/kg in tank mixes combined with: Trilogy (trifluralin); or

Edge (propyzamide); or

both Trilogy and Farmozine (atrazine); or

both Edge and Farmozine. The treatments were compared with each other, with propyzamide, registered for use in herbicide-tolerant crops, and also with Trilogy (used alone), as well as with Edge (used alone and in combination with Farmozine) and Farmozine used alone.

The treatments are set out in Table 8, AG-C4-900 identifying Carbetamide 900g/kg:

Table 8: Treatment List

All treatments were applied within 24 hours prior to sowing and incorporated by sowing (IBS), ensuring a sowing depth of 3-5 cm, using knifepoint and press wheels.

Percent weed control of annual ryegrass and weed count were assessed at 69 days after application.

The results for Swiss ryegrass are shown in Table 9.

Table 9

Results: Swiss Ryegrass in Brassica rapa cv. 'Canola' 69 days after application

Crop safety assessments showed no phytotoxicity or differences in crop establishment in response to any of the treatments. By 69 days after application, all treatments had a significantly improved vigour (17-63%) over the untreated control.

Control of Swiss ryegrass was excellent when carbetamide was used in tank mixes with the other active ingredients. In particular, the use of carbetamide at the lowest product rate of 280 g/ha was impressive. Example 6

The efficacy of carbetamide was tested on target weeds annual ryegrass in a crop of triazine tolerant canola (Canola Hyola 559 TT). A secondary weed target was

Bromegrass (Bromus diandrus).

Carbetamide 900 g/kg was used alone, at product rates of 280 g/kg, 560 g/kg and 2300 g/kg, and at the lower rates of 280 g/kg and 560 g/kg in tank mixes combined with:

- Trilogy (trifluralin); or

Rustler (propyzamide); or

both Trilogy and Farmozine (atrazine); or

both Rustler and Farmozine.

The treatments were compared with each other, with propyzamide, registered for use in herbicide-tolerant crops, and also with Trilogy (used alone), as well as with Rustler (used alone and in combination with Farmozine) and Farmozine used alone.

The treatments are set out in Table 10, AG-C4-900 identifying Carbetamide 900g/kg:

Table 10: Treatment List

Crop vigour and phytotoxicity were assessed at 30 days, 43 days 56 days and 88 days after application. Crop vigour was generally maintained at around 100%, with a few treatments having crop vigour at between 95 and 99.5% after 88 days. There was zero phytotoxicity at 88 days.

Control of annual ryegrass is shown in Table 11.

Table 11

Results: Percent Control of Annual Rygrass in Canola Hyola 559 TT

Control of Bromegrass at 30 days and 43 days after application is shown in Table 12 Table 12

Results: Percent Control of Bromegrass in Canola Hyola 559 TT Efficacy of the carbetamide composition of the invention was outstanding against Bromegrass, including when carbetamide was present at the lowest rate of 252 g ai/ha, combined with other active ingredients. The foregoing embodiments are intended to be illustrative of the invention, without limiting the scope thereof. The invention is capable of being practised with various modifications and additions as will readily occur to those skilled in the art.

Accordingly, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not to be limited to the exact construction and operation described and illustrated.

Reference to prior art disclosures in this specification is not an admission that the disclosures constitute common general knowledge in Australia or elsewhere.

Industrial Applicability

The method of the invention, where the carbamide composition is incorporated by sowing, provides a simple and efficient, yet effective, way to control a weed, especially herbicide-resistant weeds.

The composition of the invention can control various herbicide-resistant weeds, addressing a severe problem faced by growers in many countries.

Claims

1. A carbetamide composition when used to control a weed in an herbicide-tolerant crop.

2. The carbetamide composition of claim 1, when used to apply carbetamide as active ingredient in a range of 250 to 2300 g per hectare.

3. The carbetamide composition of claim 1 or 2, when applied to a ground area intended for growing a crop, the composition being mechanically incorporated into the ground area at the same time as sowing the crop.

4. The carbetamide composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the herbicide-tolerant crop is canola.

5. The carbetamide composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weed is chosen from annual ryegrass, a hybrid derived from annual ryegrass, Swiss ryegrass and bromegrass.

6. The carbetamide composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the weed is herbicide-resistant.

7. The carbetamide composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, when used with one or more other active ingredients.

8. The carbetamide composition of claim 7, wherein the other active ingredient is one or more active ingredients chosen from trifluralin, propyzamide and atrazine.

9. The carbetamide composition of claim 7 or 8 when used as a tank mix.

10. A method of controlling an herbicide-resistant weed, the method including the steps of: applying a composition containing carbetamide as an active ingredient to a ground area intended for growing a crop; and mechanically incorporating the composition into the ground area at the same time as sowing the crop.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the crop is an herbicide-tolerant crop.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the herbicide-tolerant crop is chosen from canola and lupin.

13. The method of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the herbicide-resistant weed is chosen from annual ryegrass, a hybrid derived from annual ryegrass,

Swiss ryegrass and bromegrass.

14. The method of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the carbetamide composition is applied as active ingredient in a range of 250 to 2100 g per hectare.

15. The method of any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the carbetamide composition is applied together with one or more other active ingredients.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the other active ingredient is one or more active ingredients chosen from trifluralin, propyzamide and atrazine.

17. The method of claim 15 or 16 when the carbetamide composition and the one or more other active ingredients are applied as a tank mix.