AU2019201613B2 - Vulcanising method and apparatus - Google Patents
Vulcanising method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- AU2019201613B2 AU2019201613B2 AU2019201613A AU2019201613A AU2019201613B2 AU 2019201613 B2 AU2019201613 B2 AU 2019201613B2 AU 2019201613 A AU2019201613 A AU 2019201613A AU 2019201613 A AU2019201613 A AU 2019201613A AU 2019201613 B2 AU2019201613 B2 AU 2019201613B2
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- spring plate
- cable
- support
- plate
- vulcanising
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
- B29C35/06—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam for articles of indefinite length
- B29C35/065—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam for articles of indefinite length in long tubular vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
Abstract
l111rw0V011NK1'Orlbl\LL u At~moj393/_1.GOCx- /Uj/ ui9
ABSTRACT
A vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, the apparatus including: a
support; an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use, and
being adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; an outer spring plate configured to at
least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having a first end fixed to the support
and a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and a pull plate movably adjustable
relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer
spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking
hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the
outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable.
Fig. 3A
4/13
300
335
0
320
0 0 345
442
330 o 4 444
315 44
411 452
412
413 452 450
340 416 430
450 4300 416A
41646
460 416A 420
420
Fig. 4
Description
4/13
300
335
0 320
0 0 345
442 330 o 4 444 315 44 411 452 412 413 452 450 340 416 430
450 4300 416A
41646
460 416A 420
420
Fig. 4
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Background of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a vulcanising method and apparatus, and in at least one example to a method and apparatus for use in a vulcanising repair of an electrical cable.
Description of the Prior Art
[0002] The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that the prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates.
[0003] High and low voltage rubber cable can suffer damage in service. This damage could include outer sheath nicks and cuts, complete damage to the outer sheath or a complete break in the cable. All damage can be repaired by splicing the cable and then vulcanising a new outer sheath onto the cable.
[0004] A typical cable repair process (prior to vulcanisation) is shown in Figure 1. Typically, the repair involves removing the outer sheath from the cable 100 to expose the power cords 110 so that the damage can be fixed. For example, this may involve splicing the damaged cable. The outer sheath 130 is then reinstated by wrapping raw vulcanising rubber tape 122 from a tape supply 120 around the power cords 110. The vulcanising rubber tape 122 forming the new outer sheath 130 is generally wrapped over-sized to the original cable diameter to allow for compression when the cable 100 is placed into a vulcanising machine to cure the rubber tape.
[0005] A conventional vulcanising machine 200 is shown in Figure 2. The machine consists of a main body 210 comprising upper and lower heating platens 220, 230 that are bolted or hydroelectrically clamped around the cable. The platens 220, 230 are heated by heating elements 222, 232 that are fitted through the platens 220, 230 and controlled by a controller 240. Each platen 220, 230 has a respective recess 225, 235 into which mould sleeves are
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located. In order to accommodate different cable diameters, a suitable set of sleeves 250, 260 is selected. As there are cables of many different sizes which may need repairing, it is necessary for cable repair shops and the like to carry many sets of sleeves of varying diameter and it would not be uncommon for up to 90 sets of sleeves to be carried to cover all cables. This is a cumbersome (and expensive) requirement.
[0006] Once the platens 220, 230 are closed, there is no more pressure on the cable repair joint. As a result, the surface finish of the repair may be uneven across the joint leading to sub-optimal repairs.
[0007] Furthermore, vulcanising machines as illustrated in Figure 2 consume a lot of electricity when warming up and in maintaining heat on the cable. The heating elements 222, 232 take time to heat up the platens 220, 230 and heat is easily lost through heat transfer to the surrounding air. They are therefore quite uneconomical to run. In addition, as the machines 200 are large and bulky, they are not particularly portable or suitable for use on-site at mines and the like.
[0008] It is against this background, and the problems and difficulties associated therewith, that the present invention has been developed.
Summary of the Present Invention
[0001] In one broad form, an aspect of the present invention seeks to provide a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, the apparatus including: a) a support; b) an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use, and being adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; c) an outer spring plate configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having: i) a first end fixed to the support; and, ii) a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, d) a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer spring plate is connected to the
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pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable.
[0009] In one embodiment, as the tension applied to the outer spring plate increases, the diameter of the inner spring plate decreases thereby allowing the apparatus to accommodate cables of variable diameter.
[0010] In one embodiment, the inner spring plate includes a first end fixed relative to the support, and a second free end that bends around at least part of the cable, the first end of the outer spring plate being fixed to the support proximate the first end of the inner spring plate.
[0011] In one embodiment, the pull plate is movably adjustable in a direction transverse to the direction of elongation of the cable.
[0012] In one embodiment, the pull plate includes one or more slots, the or each slot for receiving a fastener that assists in guiding movement of the pull plate relative to the support.
[0013] In one embodiment, a length of the or each slot defines the amount of adjustment of the pull plate relative to the support.
[0014] In one embodiment, the support includes: a) a pair of base plates each defining part of an aperture for receiving a fire rod; and, b) an interface plate adjoined to one of the pair of base plates, the interface plate having a curved lip projecting upward from the pair of base plates and to which the first and second spring plates are fixed.
[0015] In one embodiment, the support further includes one or more pillars that downwardly depend from the pair of base plates.
[0016] In one embodiment, the fastener associated with the or each slot in the pull plate is engaged with the one or more pillars.
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[0017] In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a heating rod that is inserted through the support for use in applying heat to a lower portion of the cable.
[0018] In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an adjustment mechanism operable to move the pull plate relative to the support.
[0019] In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes: a) a rod extending through the base of the or each pillar; b) a clevis coupled to an end of the rod for tying the adjustment mechanism to the pull plate; and, c) an actuating element coupled to the rod below the base of the or each pillar for allowing a user to adjust the position of the pull plate relative to the support.
[0020] In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism further includes a spring interposed between the actuating element and the base of the pillar, said spring operable to cause the pull plate to move upon actuation of the actuating element and maintain a constant force on the outer spring plate.
[0021] In one embodiment, the spring is a compression spring.
[0022] In one embodiment, the actuating element is a wing nut.
[0023] In one embodiment, the rod is a threaded rod which threadedly engages the clevis and wing nut.
[0024] In one embodiment, the rod passes through a clearance hole in the base of the or each pillar.
[0025] In one embodiment, the clevis is disposed at least in part within a recessed portion of the or each pillar.
[0026] In one embodiment, the clevis is tied to the pull plate by a clevis pin.
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[0027] In one embodiment, the first and second locking hinges are complementary and when pulled into alignment, a passageway is defined for receiving a removable locking pin therethrough.
[0028] In one embodiment, the second locking hinge is formed integral with or mounted to an upper end of the pull plate.
[0029] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a heating blanket that is operatively disposed around the outer spring plate in use.
[0030] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes an insulation blanket that is disposed around the heating blanket.
[0031] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a temperature control unit connected to the heating blanket for controlling the amount of heat applied to the cable via the blanket.
[0032] In another broad form, the present invention seeks to provide a method of performing a vulcanising repair on an electrical cable, the method including: a) opening a vulcanising apparatus, the vulcanising apparatus having: i) a support; ii) an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use, and being adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; iii) an outer spring plate configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having: (1) a first end fixed to the support; and, (2) a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, iv) a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable.
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b) placing the cable against the inner spring plate, the cable having a repair joint wrapped in vulcanising rubber tape; c) engaging the inner spring plate around at least part of the cable; d) pulling the outer spring plate over the cable and engaging the outer spring plate to the pull plate by interconnecting the first and second locking hinges; e) moving the pull plate relative to the support to adjust the tension of the outer spring plate and vary the diameter of the inner spring plate so as to conform to the diameter of the cable; f) placing a heating blanket over the outer spring plate; and, g) using the heating blanket to heat the cable until the rubber tape over the repair joint has vulcanised.
[0033] In one embodiment, the method further includes placing an insulating blanket over the heating blanket.
[0034] In one embodiment, the method further includes placing a fire rod through the support and heating the support beneath the cable using the fire rod.
[0035] In one embodiment, the method includes maintaining a constant force on the outer spring plate via one or more compression springs associated with an adjustment mechanism operable to move the pull plate relative to the support.
[0036] In another broad form, the present invention seeks to provide a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, the apparatus including: a) a support; b) an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use and having: i) a first end fixed relative to the support; and, ii) a second free end adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; c) an outer spring plate configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having:
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i) a first end fixed to the support proximate the first end of the inner spring plate; and, ii) a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, d) a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable.
[0037] In another broad form, the present invention seeks to provide a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, the apparatus including: a) a support; b) a spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use and having: i) a first end fixed to the support; and, ii) a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, c) a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the spring plate surrounding the cable.
[0038] It will be appreciated that the broad forms of the invention and their respective features can be used in conjunction, interchangeably and/or independently, and reference to separate broad forms in not intended to be limiting.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0039] An example of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0040] Figure 1 provides a sequence of perspective views of a cable being repaired and wrapped in vulcanising rubber tape in accordance with known techniques;
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[0041] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a typical prior art vulcanising machine and sets of mold sleeves for different cable diameter sizes;
[0042] Figure 3A is a schematic sectional view of an example of a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable;
[0043] Figure 3B is a schematic sectional view of the vulcanising apparatus of Figure 3A adjusted to accommodate a smaller diameter cable;
[0044] Figure 4 is a perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 3A shown in an open configuration;
[0045] Figure 5A is a perspective view of a cable being inserted into the vulcanising apparatus;
[0046] Figure 5B is a perspective view of the vulcanising apparatus showing the inner spring plate being engaged at least partially around the cable;
[0047] Figure 5C is a perspective view of the vulcanising apparatus showing the outer spring plate pulled over the cable and hingedly locked to the pull plate;
[0048] Figure 5D is a perspective view of the vulcanising apparatus additionally showing an insulation blanket, heating blanket and temperature control unit;
[0049] Figure 5E is a perspective view of the vulcanising apparatus performing a vulcanising repair of the electrical cable;
[0050] Figure 6 is a flowchart of an example of a method for performing a vulcanising repair of an electrical cable;
[0051] Figure 7A is a schematic sectional view of another example of a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, having a loose inner spring plate;
[0052] Figure 7B is a schematic sectional view of the vulcanising apparatus of Figure 7A adjusted to accommodate a smaller diameter cable;
[0053] Figure 8A is a schematic sectional view of another example of a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, having a loose inner spring plate;
[0054] Figure 8B is a schematic sectional view of the vulcanising apparatus of Figure 8A adjusted to accommodate a smaller diameter cable;
[0055] Figure 9A is a schematic sectional view of another example of a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, without an inner spring plate; and,
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[0056] Figure 9B is a schematic sectional view of the vulcanising apparatus of Figure 9A adjusted to accommodate a smaller diameter cable.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
[0057] An example of a vulcanising apparatus 300 for use in repairing an electrical cable shall now be described with reference to Figures 3A and 3B.
[0058] In this example, the vulcanising apparatus 300 includes a support 310 which forms a base structure of the apparatus and may be comprised of several structural components as will be described in further detail below.
[0059] The apparatus 300 further includes an inner spring plate 320 configured to at least partially surround the cable (not shown) in use, and being adapted to bend around at least part of the cable. The inner spring plate 320 is able to wrap around at least part of the circumference of the cable and is flexible enough to conform to the shape of cables of varying diameter.
[0060] An outer spring plate 330 is configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate 320 in use and has a first end 331 fixed to the support 310, and a second end 332 associated with a first locking hinge 335. The first locking hinge 335 may be formed integrally with the outer spring plate 330 or more typically attached to the outer spring plate 330 by conventional joining means such as mechanical fastening, welding, adhesive etc. The inner and outer spring plates 320, 330 are configured so that the inner spring plate 320 is nested within the outer spring plate 330 such that the inner spring plate 320 is directly contactable with the cable to be vulcanised.
[0061] Finally, the apparatus 300 further includes a pull plate 340 that is movably adjustable relative to the support 310 and associated with a second locking hinge 345, wherein in use, the outer spring plate 330 is connected to the pull plate 340 via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges 335, 345 and the pull plate 340 is moved with respect to the support 310 so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate 330 and a diameter of the inner spring plate 320 surrounding the cable. In this way, as the tensile load on the outer spring
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plate 330 increases, the inner spring plate 320 is urged to bend into a tighter radius allowing it to conform to cables of varying diameter so as to apply a constant compression force on the cable being vulcanised.
[0062] The above described vulcanising apparatus 300 provides a number of advantages. Firstly, the apparatus 300 is capable of repairing electrical cables of variable diameter. Unlike in prior art machines in which multiple sets of mould sleeves are needed to accommodate every cable diameter size, the apparatus 300 is able to accommodate varying cable diameters simply by adjusting the tension on the spring plates which controls the diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable. This is a significant benefit as previously it would not have been uncommon to need up to 90 sets of sleeves of different diameters to cover all of the cables that may require a vulcanising repair.
[0063] The simple and effective use of spring plates also eliminates the need for heavy and cumbersome platens that are bolted or hydroelectrically clamped together around the cable. The apparatus 300 is therefore much lighter and more portable then prior art vulcanising machines. Additionally, in prior art machines, once the platens are closed, there is no more pressure on the repair joint. In apparatus 300, a constant force and pressure is applied to the repair joint as a result of the pull down pressure of the pull plate which will be described in more detail below. This constant force leads to a better repair and even application of the vulcanised rubber over the repairjoint.
[0064] Further advantages of the apparatus 300 will become apparent from the below discussion.
[0065] A number of further features will now be described.
[0066] As previously mentioned, it will be appreciated that as the tension applied to the outer spring plate increases (by pulling down the pull plate), the diameter of the inner spring plate decreases thereby allowing the apparatus to accommodate cables of variable diameter. This ensures that the apparatus 300 is usable with a large number of different sized cables and enables a constant compression force to be applied to the repair joint of whatever sized cable is being repaired.
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[0067] In the particular example of the apparatus 300 as shown, the inner spring plate 320 includes a first end 321 fixed relative to the support 310, and a second free end 322 that bends around at least part of the cable. The first end 331 of the outer spring plate 330 may be fixed to the support 310 proximate the first end 321 of the inner spring plate 320. Thus, with the respective first ends 321, 322 of the inner and outer spring plates 320, 330 both fixed to the support 310 in this manner, the second free end 322 of the inner spring plate 320 will be free to bend around the cable relative to the fixed first end 321 of the inner spring plate 320, but will be constrained inside the outer spring plate 330.
[0068] However, it should be appreciated that this arrangement is not essential and in alternative examples, the inner spring plate 320 may be provided without having an end fixed relative to the support. In other words, a loose inner spring plate 320 may be used, but it will be appreciated that such a loose inner spring plate 320 may nevertheless function as discussed above by bending and varying its diameter as the tension in the outer spring plate 330 is varied. Accordingly, a loose inner spring plate 320 may still be used to accommodate cables of variable diameter in a similar fashion as discussed above.
[0069] In one example, the pull plate is movably adjustable in a direction transverse to the direction of elongation of the cable. Typically, the cable is held in a horizontal orientation and as such the pull plate is movably adjustable in an up and down sense (i.e. vertically).
[0070] Typically, the pull plate includes one or more slots, the or each slot for receiving a fastener that assists in guiding movement of the pull plate relative to the support. In some examples, the fastener is a screw or bolt with locknut which couples the pull plate to the support. Typically, a length of the or each slot defines the amount of adjustment of the pull plate relative to the support.
[0071] The support for the apparatus typically includes a pair of base plates each defining part of an aperture for receiving a fire rod. The pair of base plates are typically joined together by any appropriate means such as via fasteners, adhesive, welding, magnets or the like. A single plate could be used, however due to the length of the plates, drilling a hole for the fire rod may be difficult. By using a pair of plates, a milling operation or the like can be
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performed on each plate to create a groove so that when assembled an aperture for the fire rod is formed.
[0072] Typically, an interface plate is adjoined to one of the pair of base plates, the interface plate having a curved lip projecting upward from the pair of base plates and to which the first and second spring plates are fixed. The curved lip of the interface plate assists in both supporting the cable and shaping the inner spring plate so as to urge it to maintain an arcuate form when engaged at least partially around the cable.
[0073] The support may further include one or more pillars that downwardly depend from the pair of base plates. In one example, a pair of spaced apart pillars or columns are provided for the purpose of mounting an adjustment mechanism for controlling movement of the pull plate as will be described in further detail below.
[0074] Typically, the fastener associated with the or each slot in the pull plate is engaged with the one or more pillars, thereby movably coupling the pull plate to the support. In this regard, the or each pillar may have a threaded receptacle to receive the fastener such as a screw or bolt with lock nut.
[0075] As mentioned, typically the apparatus includes an adjustment mechanism operable to move the pull plate relative to the support. In its simplest form, the adjustment mechanism may just be the fastener used to couple the pull plate to the support which could be tightened to hold the pull plate in position and maintain pressure on the outer spring plate.
[0076] In another example, the adjustment mechanism includes a rod extending through the base of the or each pillar, a clevis coupled to an end of the rod for tying the adjustment mechanism to the pull plate; and, an actuating element coupled to the rod below the base of the or each pillar for allowing a user to adjust the position of the pull plate relative to the support. In one example, the rod may be a pull stud.
[0077] The adjustment mechanism may further include a spring interposed between the actuating element and the base of the or each pillar, said spring operable to cause the pull plate to move upon actuation of the actuating element and maintain a constant force on the
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outer spring plate. In one example, the spring is a compression spring and the actuating element is a wing nut which provides handles for a user to grip.
[0078] In one example, the clevis is disposed at least in part within a recessed portion of the or each pillar. This alignment may assist in guiding the pull plate along its direction of travel. The clevis may be tied to the pull plate by a clevis pin or the like.
[0079] Typically, the rod is an all threaded rod which threadedly engages the clevis and wing nut and which passes through a clearance hole in the base of the or each pillar. As the wing nut is wound up the threaded rod, the compression spring compresses against the base of the or each pillar thereby causing the pull plate to be urged down via the clevis joint. When the pull plate is pulled down, the compressed spring maintains a constant force or pressure on the outer spring plate which in turn maintains pressure on the cable repair joint. This is in contrast to prior art vulcanising machines in which no more pressure is applied to the cable after the platens are closed. In this arrangement, a constant pressure is applied on the cable during vulcanisation.
[0080] As previously discussed, the outer spring plate is connected to the pull plate via a hinge arrangement. In this regard, the first and second locking hinges are complementary and when pulled into alignment, a passageway is defined for receiving a removable locking pin therethrough. In order to close the apparatus, the outer spring plate is pulled over the inner spring plate and cable so that the first and second locking hinges are aligned. A locking pin is then inserted through the hinge in order to keep the apparatus closed.
[0081] It is to be appreciated that typically the second locking hinge is formed integral with or mounted to an upper end of the pull plate.
[0082] Once the apparatus has been closed, the pull plate is adjusted by pulling it down via the compression springs which tensions the outer spring plate and causes the inner spring plate to conform around the cable and compress the repairjoint.
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[0083] Typically, the apparatus further includes a heating blanket that is operatively disposed around the outer spring plate in use, and an insulation blanket that is disposed around the heating blanket in order to increase the thermal efficiency of the apparatus.
[0084] The heating blanket is connected to a temperature control unit for controlling the amount of heat applied to the cable via the blanket. The vulcanising rubber tape that has been applied in the cable repair is then melted in the apparatus and vulcanised in order to complete the cable repair. This method of applying heat to the cable is far more thermally efficient than in prior art vulcanising machines having heating elements fitted through the platens which consume a lot of electricity warming up and then maintaining the heat on the cable.
[0085] In another broad form, there is provided a method of performing a vulcanising repair on an electrical cable, the method including opening a vulcanising apparatus, the vulcanising apparatus having: a support; an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use, and being adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; an outer spring plate configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having: a first end fixed to the support; and, a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable.
[0086] The method then includes placing the cable against the inner spring plate, the cable having a repair joint wrapped in vulcanising rubber tape, engaging the inner spring plate around at least part of the cable, pulling the outer spring plate over the cable and engaging the outer spring plate to the pull plate by interconnecting the first and second locking hinges, moving the pull plate relative to the support to adjust the tension of the spring plates and vary the diameter of the inner spring plate so as to conform to the diameter of the cable, placing a heating blanket over the outer spring plate; and, using the heating blanket to heat the cable until the rubber tape over the repair joint has vulcanised.
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[0087] The method may further include placing an insulating blanket over the heating blanket and placing a fire rod through the support and heating the support beneath the cable using the fire rod.
[0088] Typically, the method further includes maintaining a constant force on the outer spring plate via one or more compression springs associated with an adjustment mechanism operable to move the pull plate relative to the support.
[0089] In another broad form, there is provided a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, the apparatus including: a support; an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use and having: a first end fixed relative to the support; and, a second free end adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; an outer spring plate configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having: a first end fixed to the support proximate the first end of the inner spring plate; and, a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable.
[0090] In an alternative broad form, there is provided a vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, the apparatus including: a support; a spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use and having: a first end fixed to the support; and, a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the spring plate surrounding the cable. It will be appreciated that in this case, an inner spring plate is not necessarily provided. In some circumstances an inner spring plate may not be required; although a vulcanising apparatus otherwise incorporating features as described above may be used for repairing an electrical cable, albeit without the inner spring plate.
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[0091] Referring now to Figure 4, the vulcanising apparatus 300 shall be described in further detail.
[0092] In this example, inner and outer spring plates 320, 330 are fixed along one edge to upwardly extending curved lip of interface plate 411 which forms part of support 310. The spring plates 320, 330 are elongate thin strips of flexible metal, for example steel or aluminium which exhibit spring-like behaviour. The inner spring plate 320 is nested within the outer spring plate 330 and in use, is contactable with the cable repair joint in order to apply pressure thereto.
[0093] The support 310 further includes a pair of elongate base plates 411, 412 which are joined together by fasteners, adhesive, welding or the like. In each plate 411, 412 is a machined groove which defines aperture 315 when assembled for receiving a fire rod which is used to apply heat to the support 310 in the area below the cable. This area below the cable tends to be a cold spot which is not sufficiently heated by the heating blanket which is placed on top of and around the sides of the cable. The support 310 further includes a pair of spaced apart pillars 416 which downwardly depend from the base plates 411, 412.
[0094] A pull plate 340 is positioned in front of base plate 412 of the support 310 in abutment therewith. Fasteners 444 extend through vertical slots 442 in the pull plate 340 and are engaged with mating receptacles in each respective pillar 416. These fasteners 444 are primarily for the purpose of guiding the pull plate along the slots 442.
[0095] An adjustment mechanism is provided in order to movably adjust the position of the pull plate 340. A threaded rod 430 extends through the base 416A of each pillar 416. The threaded rod 430 typically extends through a clearance hole in the base 416A of pillar 416. A clevis 450 is threadedly engaged onto the end of the rod 430 for tying the adjustment mechanism to the pull plate 340. In this example, a clevis pin 452 is used to tie the clevis 450 to the pull plate 340. The clevis 450 is disposed at least in part within a recessed portion of the pillar 416 so as to guide movement thereof.
[0096] The adjustment mechanism further includes an actuating element 420 coupled to the rod 430 below the base 416A of each pillar 416 for allowing a user to adjust the position of
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the pull plate 340 relative to the support 310. In this example, the actuating element 420 is a winged nut that is able to be wound up and down the threaded rod 430.
[0097] Compression springs 460 are also interposed between the winged nut 420 and the base 416A of the pillar 416. As the wing nut 420 is wound up the threaded rod 430, the compression springs 460 compresses against the base 416A of the or each pillar 416 thereby causing the pull plate 340 to be urged down via the clevis 450. When the pull plate 340 is pulled down, the compressed springs 460 maintain a constant force or pressure on the outer spring plate 330 which in turn maintains pressure on the cable repairjoint.
[0098] In the example shown, first and second locking hinges 335, 345 are joined respectively to the free end of the outer spring plate 330 and an upper portion of the pull plate 340. In other examples, the hinges may be integrally formed, however for ease of manufacture more typically the hinges are separate components which are attached.
[0099] An example operation of the vulcanising apparatus 300 shall now be described with reference to Figures 5A to 5E.
[0100] In Figure 5A, the vulcanising apparatus 300 is opened by releasing the first and second locking hinges 335, 345 (typically by removing the locking pin). This causes the inner and outer spring plates 320, 330 to spring open as shown. This is beneficial as a cable length could be over 300m and therefore the apparatus is required to open and close around the cable. The cable 500 being repaired is then gathered and the repair joint that has been over wrapped with raw vulcanising rubber 530 is placed in the apparatus 300, on top of inner spring plate 320.
[0101] The inner spring plate 320 is then tucked over and under the cable 500 as shown in Figure 5B. The placement of the inner spring plate 320 around at least part of the cable 500 in this manner ensures that when the outer spring plate 330 is tensioned, the inner spring plate 320 is urged to tightly wrap around the cable and maintain an arcuate shape.
[0102] The outer spring plate 330 is then pulled over the inner spring plate 320 and cable 500 until the first locking hinge 335 becomes aligned with the second locking hinge 345
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associated with the pull plate 340 as shown in Figure 5C. A locking pin 413 is inserted through the respective hinges so as to form a locked hinge joint, thereby holding the outer spring plate 330 in a closed position and encapsulating the repairjoint to be vulcanised.
[0103] As shown in Figure 5D, the position of the pull plate 340 is then adjusted by pulling the plate 340 down via actuation of the winged nuts 420 which drive the rods 430 down through each respective pillar 416 via action of the compression springs 460. As the pull plate 340 is pulled down, the end 332 of outer spring plate 330 is also pulled down and tensioned via the hinged connection between the pull plate 340 and outer spring plate 330. The more that the outer spring plate 330 is tensioned, the more the inner spring plate 320 rolls in thereby reducing its effective diameter and allowing it to conform to the particular diameter of the cable being repaired. This spring force of springs 460 ensures that a constant compression force is applied to the repairjoint during vulcanisation.
[0104] Once the cable 500 is securely clamped in the apparatus 300, a heating blanket 510 is placed over the repair joint and an insulation blanket 520 is placed over the heating blanket 510 so as to keep heat on the joint. Electrical wiring 511, 512 extends from the heating blanket 510 to a temperature control unit 530 which may be rated from 110-240V.
[0105] A fire rod 515 may be placed through aperture 315 in the support 310 formed by base plates 411, 412 and heated so as to heat the support 310 in the area beneath the cable 500. This ensures that the cable 500 is heated evenly around its circumference, including in areas where the heating blanket 510 may have difficulty heating.
[0106] Finally, in Figure 5E, all of the electrical wiring 511, 512 is connected and the temperature control unit 530 is powered on. The heating blanket 510 is then supplied a current and heated to a pre-defined temperature, for example in the range 150-200°C, and more particularly 160-180°C. The raw vulcanising rubber tape eventually begins to melt and some rubber may flow from the apparatus 330. Once the rubber has vulcanised, the apparatus 300 is allowed to cool before removing the cable 500. After the vulcanising repair, as the repair joint was over-wrapped with the vulcanising rubber tape, the diameter of the repair joint should be substantially the same as that of the rest of the cable.
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[0107] A specific example of a method for use in performing a vulcanising repair on an electrical cable shall now be described with reference to the flowchart shown in Figure 6.
[0108] In this example, at step 600 the vulcanising apparatus is opened by unlocking the first and second locking hinges holding the outer spring plate to the pull plate. The cable is then placed into the apparatus against the inner spring plate at step 610. At step 620, the inner spring plate is engaged at least partially around the cable by tucking it over and under the cable. At step 630, the outer spring plate is pulled over the cable and the first locking hinge of the outer spring plate is engaged with the second locking hinge of the pull plate at step 640.
[0109] At step 650, the pull plate is tensioned so that the outer spring plate compresses the inner spring plate and cable. By tensioning the outer spring plate, the diameter of the inner spring plate is reduced so as to accommodate cables of varying diameter.
[0110] Heating and insulation blankets are then placed over the outer spring plate and cable repair joint at step 660. Finally, a step 670, the assembly is heated by controlling heating of the heating blanket until the vulcanising rubber around the cable is vulcanised. After vulcanisation, the cable repair is then complete.
[0111] An alternative example of a vulcanising apparatus 700 can be seen in Figures 7A and 7B. This example is essentially the same as that of Figures 3A and 3B, but in this case the inner spring plate 320 is provided in a loose configuration, i.e. it does not have its first end 321 fixed relative to the support 310. Rather, both the first end 321 and the second end 322 of the inner spring plate 320 are free ends. However, it will be appreciated that the diameter of the inner spring plate 320 can vary as the tension on the outer spring plate 330 is varied, as can be seen by comparing Figures 7A and 7B.
[0112] Another alternative example of a vulcanising apparatus 800 can be seen in Figures 8A and 8B. This illustrates a further variation of the above example apparatus 700, again with a loose inner spring plate 320 having free ends 321, 322, but in this instance the width of the inner spring plate 320 is reduced such that it only surrounds a relatively small portion of the cable in in use. In particular, the width of the inner spring plate 320 may be selected to simply wrap around a gap between the first end 331 of the outer spring plate 330 and the
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outer spring plate 330 itself, to thereby ensure a smooth surface in this region after vulcanising.
[0113] Yet another alternative example of a vulcanising apparatus 900 can be seen in Figures 9A and 9B. Once again, this example is essentially the same as that of Figures 3A and 3B, but in this case the inner spring plate 320 is omitted altogether. Whilst it is generally desirable to provide an inner spring plate 320 as per the previously described example, in some circumstances it may not be required. Nevertheless, the other functions of the apparatus 900 that do not require the inner spring plate 320 may be provided as described above.
[0114] Accordingly, in at least one example, there is provided an improved vulcanising apparatus that is lightweight and fully portable. The use of spring plates enables the apparatus to open and close in a convenient fashion so as to support the cable and apply pressure thereto during vulcanisation. The above described apparatus further enables a constant compression force to be applied to the cable repair joint, thereby allowing a better repair and even application of the vulcanising rubber over the entire joint. The spring plates further allow the apparatus to be used with cables of varying diameter which negates the need for different diameter sleeve sets to be provided to accommodate the repair of differently sized cables. Depending on the diameter size of the inner and outer spring plates, they are capable of compressing over 30 cable diameter sizes. A further advantage is that the apparatus is thermally efficient compared to prior art vulcanising machines which use a lot of electricity warming up and maintaining the heat on the cable. As there is no need to warm up the apparatus, it is able to use up to 60% less electricity than conventional vulcanising machines making it more economical to run.
[0115] Throughout this specification and claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.
[0116] Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations and modifications will become apparent. All such variations and modifications which become apparent to
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persons skilled in the art, should be considered to fall within the spirit and scope that the invention broadly appearing before described.
Claims (1)
- THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS: 1) A vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, the apparatus including: a) a support; b) an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use, and being adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; c) an outer spring plate configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having: i) a first end fixed to the support; and, ii) a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, d) a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable. 2) The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 1, wherein as the tension applied to the outer spring plate increases, the diameter of the inner spring plate decreases thereby allowing the apparatus to accommodate cables of variable diameter. 3) The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the inner spring plate includes a first end fixed relative to the support, and a second free end that bends around at least part of the cable, the first end of the outer spring plate being fixed to the support proximate the first end of the inner spring plate. 4) The vulcanising apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of: a) the pull plate is movably adjustable in a direction transverse to the direction of elongation of the cable; and, b) the pull plate includes one or more slots, the or each slot for receiving a fastener that assists in guiding movement of the pull plate relative to the support, and wherein a length of the or each slot defines the amount of adjustment of the pull plate relative to the support.) The vulcanising apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the support includes: a) a pair of base plates each defining part of an aperture for receiving a fire rod; and, b) an interface plate adjoined to one of the pair of base plates, the interface plate having a curved lip projecting upward from the pair of base plates and to which the first and second spring plates are fixed. 6) The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the support further includes one or more pillars that downwardly depend from the pair of base plates, and wherein the fastener associated with the or each slot in the pull plate is engaged with the one or more pillars. 7) The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the apparatus includes a heating rod that is inserted through the support for use in applying heat to a lower portion of the cable. 8) The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the apparatus includes an adjustment mechanism operable to move the pull plate relative to the support. 9) The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the adjustment mechanism includes: a) a rod extending through the base of the or each pillar; b) a clevis coupled to an end of the rod for tying the adjustment mechanism to the pull plate; and, c) an actuating element coupled to the rod below the base of the or each pillar for allowing a user to adjust the position of the pull plate relative to the support. 1)The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the adjustment mechanism further includes a spring interposed between the actuating element and the base of the pillar, said spring operable to cause the pull plate to move upon actuation of the actuating element and maintain a constant force on the outer spring plate. 1l)The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the actuating element is a wing nut. 12)The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 11, wherein at least one of: a) the rod is a threaded rod which threadedly engages the clevis and wing nut; and, b) the rod passes through a clearance hole in the base of the or each pillar.13)The vulcanising apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein at least one of: a) the clevis is disposed at least in part within a recessed portion of the or each pillar; and, b) the clevis is tied to the pull plate by a clevis pin. 14)The vulcanising apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of: a) the first and second locking hinges are complementary and when pulled into alignment, a passageway is defined for receiving a removable locking pin therethrough; and, b) the second locking hinge is formed integral with or mounted to an upper end of the pull plate. )The vulcanising apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, further including a heating blanket that is operatively disposed around the outer spring plate in use. 16)The vulcanising apparatus according to claim 15, further including at least one of: a) an insulation blanket that is disposed around the heating blanket; and, b) a temperature control unit connected to the heating blanket for controlling the amount of heat applied to the cable via the blanket. 17) A method of performing a vulcanising repair on an electrical cable using a vulcanising apparatus of any one of the preceding claims. 18)A method of performing a vulcanising repair on an electrical cable, the method including: a) opening a vulcanising apparatus, the vulcanising apparatus having: i) a support; ii) an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use, and being adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; iii) an outer spring plate configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having: (1) a first end fixed to the support; and, (2) a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, iv) a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable. b) placing the cable against the inner spring plate, the cable having a repair joint wrapped in vulcanising rubber tape; c) engaging the inner spring plate around at least part of the cable; d) pulling the outer spring plate over the cable and engaging the outer spring plate to the pull plate by interconnecting the first and second locking hinges; e) moving the pull plate relative to the support to adjust the tension of the outer spring plate and vary the diameter of the inner spring plate so as to conform to the diameter of the cable; f) placing a heating blanket over the outer spring plate; and, g) using the heating blanket to heat the cable until the rubber tape over the repair joint has vulcanised. 19) The method according to claim 18, further including at least one of: a) placing an insulating blanket over the heating blanket; b) placing a fire rod through the support and heating the support beneath the cable using the fire rod; and, c) maintaining a constant force on the outer spring plate via one or more compression springs associated with an adjustment mechanism operable to move the pull plate relative to the support. )A vulcanising apparatus for use in repairing an electrical cable, the apparatus including: a) a support; b) an inner spring plate configured to at least partially surround the cable in use and having: i) a first end fixed relative to the support; and, ii) a second free end adapted to bend around at least part of the cable; c) an outer spring plate configured to at least partially surround the inner spring plate in use and having: i) a first end fixed to the support proximate the first end of the inner spring plate; and, ii) a second end associated with a first locking hinge; and, d) a pull plate movably adjustable relative to the support and associated with a second locking hinge, wherein in use, the outer spring plate is connected to the pull plate via interconnection of the first and second locking hinges and the pull plate is moved with respect to the support so as to vary the tension in the outer spring plate and a diameter of the inner spring plate surrounding the cable.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2018900792 | 2018-03-09 | ||
| AU2018900792A AU2018900792A0 (en) | 2018-03-09 | Vulcanising method and apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| AU2019201613A1 AU2019201613A1 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
| AU2019201613B2 true AU2019201613B2 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| AU2019201613A Active AU2019201613B2 (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2019-03-08 | Vulcanising method and apparatus |
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| AU (1) | AU2019201613B2 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2205112A (en) * | 1938-02-18 | 1940-06-18 | Archibald L Wallace | Vulcanizer |
| US3964845A (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1976-06-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus for repairing conductor insulation |
| US20080150277A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Arturo Petruccelli | Method and assembly for repairing, joining or strengthening pipes made of plastics |
| CN105150564A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2015-12-16 | 莱芜市福泉橡胶有限公司 | Repairing equipment used for butyl inner tube and using method |
-
2019
- 2019-03-08 AU AU2019201613A patent/AU2019201613B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2205112A (en) * | 1938-02-18 | 1940-06-18 | Archibald L Wallace | Vulcanizer |
| US3964845A (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1976-06-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus for repairing conductor insulation |
| US20080150277A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Arturo Petruccelli | Method and assembly for repairing, joining or strengthening pipes made of plastics |
| CN105150564A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2015-12-16 | 莱芜市福泉橡胶有限公司 | Repairing equipment used for butyl inner tube and using method |
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| AU2019201613A1 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
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