AU2018451799B2 - 5G multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication method - Google Patents
5G multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication method Download PDFInfo
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a 5G multi-carrier (generalized frequency division multiplexing) underwater acoustic communication method, belonging to the field of acoustic communications and relating to generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM, Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing) underwater acoustic communication technology. Provided in the present invention is a GFDM communication system applicable to an underwater field, comprising an integrally realized system and structures of a transmitting end and a receiving end, which realize flexible selection of the number of sub-blocks and sub-carriers in an underwater acoustic channel with limited bandwidth resources, and improves the spectrum utilization. In addition, GFDM technology has a lower peak-to-average ratio, thereby making it more applicable for battery-powered underwater acoustic systems, and enabling more efficient use of energy. The aim of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively using channel resources and scattered spectrum resources for the field of underwater acoustic communication with limited channel bandwidth resources, which can promote the development of future underwater networking technology.
Description
5G MULTI-CARRIER UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION METHOD
The present invention relates to a 5G multi-carrier (Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing) underwater acoustic communication method, belongs to the field of underwater acoustic communication, and relates to generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM, Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing) underwater acoustic communication technology.
The 5G communication is a mobile communication technology that is still in the exploration stage proposed in the radio field. This technology can provide higher data transmission rate and higher spectrum utilization efficiency, can be perfectly combined with other advanced technologies, and is an intelligent communication technology that can allocate resources according to actual needs. It is required that the new generation of communication technology can sense and adjust according to actual communication needs to meet the rapidly changing and diverse needs of future mobile communication. In future 5G system, a main demand is high data transmission rate, which demand for high data transmission rate is more important for an underwater acoustic communication system with limited bandwidth resources. Therefore, multi-carrier communication technology has once again attracted the attention of researchers. In underwater acoustic !0 communication, spectrum resources are extremely limited. Therefore, how to make full use of the spectrum resources and even some white space spectrums become the focus of future researches. Generally, some white space spectrums are located in different frequency bands and often have discontinuities. Common technology - (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) technology - in traditional multi-carrier !5 technologies is difficult to realize the utilization of these spectrum resources, and the technology requires that each sub-carrier must be strictly orthogonal to make the system sensitive to frequency offset. In addition, the superposition of multiple sub-carriers will also produce a higher peak-to-average ratio, and this value will increase as the number of sub-carriers increases. However, the bandwidth resources of underwater acoustic channel are limited, in order to transmit as much information as possible in communication frequency band, the number of sub-carriers in multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication system is often large, and thus the OFDM underwater acoustic communication system may have a higher peak-to-average power ratio, which puts forwards higher requirements for the power amplifier of the underwater acoustic communication system, as mentioned earlier, even if the power amplifier meets the requirements of transmitting signal, the higher peak-to-average ratio will make the power amplifier work in a large signal area for a long time, resulting in a waste of energy. A reference herein to a patent document or any other matter identified as prior art, is not to be taken as an admission that the document or other matter was known or that the information it contains was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of any of the claims.
The present invention aims to provide a method for effectively utilizing channel resources and scattered spectrum resources for the field of underwater acoustic communication with limited channel bandwidth resources. According to an aspect of the invention there is provided a 5G multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication method, wherein, comprising the following steps:
step one: at a transmitting end, encoding source datab, and performing GFDM
modulation on encoded data , X represents a GFDM modulated signal
step two: adding a cyclic prefix to the GFDM modulated signal;
If To represents a sub-symbol period and T represents a cyclic prefix length, then
a symbol period of one GFDM is:
TGFDM +M -TO
which uses fewer cyclic prefixes than OFDM technology, and thus has higher spectrum efficiency; where M represents the number of sub-blocks; step three: after the GFDM modulated signal passes through an underwater acoustic channel, at a receiving end, synchronizing the data, estimating and equalizing the underwater acoustic channel, and then performing GFDM demodulation; and step four: demapping and decoding a GFDM demodulated signal; a process of GFDM modulation in the step one is as below: a modulated data vector d can be expressed as ° do' ' M 1), wherein d,- = (m -, )T and k -m represents data transmitted on the kth sub-carrier and the mth sub-symbol, an impulse response corresponding to the data is: gm [n]= g [(n - mK)mod N]- exp -j2c K n1 wherein n represents a sampling point, and it can be seen from the above formula that each gk,. is obtained by subjecting a prototype filter to different time and frequency transformations, transmitted data 5i can be expressed as:
1[A] n,K+
K-1M-1 x[n] Zgk,m[n]-dk.,n = 0,.--, N-1 5 ~k=O m=O
where N represents data length;
let k,-_ m(gk,m [n ]), the above formula can be written as i = Ad
a dimension of a modulation matrix A in GFDM is KM x KM (K sub-carriers, !0 and M sub-symbols), which can be expressed as:
A=(@0 0 '.. @K-1,Okl -1,M 1
) @k.m is generated byg0,0 being shifted in time domain and frequency domain, and
1,o = [A]L, and °, =[A n,K1 are cyclic shift of =A by analogy;
methods for selecting K in the dimension of the modulation matrix A in the step one are classed into two categories,
wherein a first category is as below:
when channel conditions are good, the value of K is first set according to an available bandwidth of the underwater acoustic channel, the available bandwidth resources are equally allocated according to the number of sub-carriers K, and further the number of sub-blocks M is inferred from the data length N and a relational
expression KxM=N;
wherein a second category is as below:
when channel conditions are not good or it is expected to use scattered spectrum information, an adaptive method is used to flexibly set the number of sub-carriers K, according to a limited range of channel bandwidth frequency, and the number of
sub-blocks M is inferred from the data length N and a relational expression KxM=N.
The present invention proposes a GFDM communication system applicable for the field of underwater acoustics, comprising the overall realization of the system and a transmitting end and receiving end structure, which realizes the flexible selection of the number of sub-blocks and sub-carriers in an underwater acoustic channel with limited bandwidth resources, and improves the spectrum utilization rate. Moreover, the GFDM technology has a lower peak-to-average ratio, making it more applicable for the underwater acoustic system that is mostly battery-powered, and can use energy more effectively. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively !5 utilizing channel resources and scattered spectrum resources for the underwater acoustic communication field with limited channel bandwidth resources, which can promote the development of underwater networking technology in the future. Therefore, the present invention provides a 5G multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication method comprising the following steps: step one: at a transmitting end, encoding source data , and performing GFDM modulation on the encoded data X,i represents a GFDM modulated signal; step two: adding a cyclic prefix to the GFDM modulated signal;
If To represents a sub-symbol period and T represents a cyclic prefix length, then
the symbol period of one GFDM is:
which uses fewer cyclic prefixes than OFDM technology, and thus has higher spectrum efficiency; step three: after the modulated signal passes through an underwater acoustic channel, at a receiving end, synchronizing the data, estimating and equalizing the underwater acoustic channel, and then performing GFDM demodulation; and step four: demapping and decoding the GFDM demodulated signal. Preferably, the present invention also comprises the features selected from the following 1-4: 1. the process of GFDM modulation in the step one is as below:
a modulated data vector d can be expressed as - m 1) , wherein
d °'"' ')T and dk,- represents the data transmitted on the kth sub-carrier and the mth sub-symbol, the impulse response corresponding to the data is:
g,m[n]=g[(n-mK)modN]exp -j27rk n
wherein n represents a sampling point, and it can be seen from the above formula
that each 9k,[''" is obtained by subjecting a prototype filter to different time and frequency transformations,
the transmitted data (x[n])T can be expressed as: g 0 ,= [AL,K+1
K-1M-1 x[n] I gk. [n].dk,,n =0,..., N -1 k=0 m=0
let Z, 1 -- gk Lm ])T , the above formula can be written as
i = Ad
the dimension of the modulation matrix A in GFDM is KM x KM (the number of
sub-carriers is K, and the number of sub-symbols is M), which can be expressed as:
A= lO '- - ... K-1,M-1)
ig.m is generated by §o,o being shifted in time domain and frequency domain,
and 1,°A n,2 and k°, = [A'n,K+l are the cyclic shift of ' A]' J by analogy. 2. the methods for selecting the parameter K in the dimension of the GFDM modulation matrix A in the step one are classed into two categories, wherein the first category is as below: when the channel conditions are good, the value of the parameter K is first set according to the available bandwidth of the underwater acoustic channel, the available bandwidth resources are equally allocated according to the number of sub-carriers, the parameter K, and further the number of sub-blocks, parameters M, is inferred from the
data length N and the relational expression KxM=N.
3. the methods for selecting the parameter K in the dimension of the GFDM modulation matrix A in the step one are classed into two categories, wherein the second category is as below: when the channel conditions are not good or it is expected to use scattered spectrum information, an adaptive method is used to flexibly set the number of sub-carriers, the parameter K, according to the limited range of the channel bandwidth frequency, and the number of subblocks, the parameter M, is inferred from the data
length N and the relational expression K x M=N.
4. the process of transmitting through the underwater acoustic channel after GFDM demodulation in the step three is as below: after passing through the underwater acoustic channel, the received signal is:
HX+ T>
wherein Y represents the received signal, X represents the transmitted signal, the transmission function of the underwater acoustic channel is represented by H, and assuming that the case where Gaussian white noise exists is considered, the Gaussian
white noise is represented by 0T ; at the receiving end, after time-frequency
synchronization, the cyclic prefix is removed,
after channel estimation and equalization, the received signal is Z, which can be
expressed as:
Z=H- j+ =H 'HA4+ H-1F=Ad+@
5. the process of GFDM demodulation in the step three is as below:
d= Bj the dimension of matrix B used for demodulation is the same as that of modulation matrix A, when the receiving end adopts different equalization modes, the forms of matrix B are different, for instances of three modes of matched filtering, zero-forcing equalization and minimum mean square error criterion, in these equalization modes, the
forms of matrix B are expressed by 8F, BzF, and BMMSE , respectively, which can be
expressed as:
22 wherein the variances of noise and signal are and d, respectively, and the
estimated transmission data b is obtained after final demodulation. The GFDM technology has the advantage of flexibly selecting the number of sub-carriers and the number of sub-blocks, so that it covers single-carrier technology and OFDM technology in a broad sense. One GFDM symbol is divided in time domain and frequency domain, respectively, it is divided into M sub-symbols in time domain, and is divided into K sub-carriers in frequency domain. When the number of sub-symbols of the GFDM system M = 1 and the filter bank A = FH (FN is the Fourier transform matrix of N x N, FH is the Hermitian transform matrix of F), the GFDM technology is equivalent to OFDM technology. When the number of sub-carrierS K=1 and g is Dirichlet pulse, the GFDM technology is equivalent to the single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE, Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization) technology. Moreover, the GFDM technology has more selectable filter banks. Therefore, o GFDM retains some of the some main advantages of OFDM technology at the expense of some additional implementation complexity. The block structure of the GFDM technology can be designed according to requirements, especially for the system with limited bandwidth. The flexibility in the selection of the number of sub-blocks and the number of sub-carriers enables GFDM to make full use of the scattered spectrums, greatly improve the spectrum efficiency, and to be more conveniently applied to multi-user underwater acoustic communication. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by using the GFDM technology in the field of underwater acoustic communication, the present invention realizes flexible selection of the number of !0 sub-blocks and sub-carriers in an underwater acoustic channel with limited bandwidth resources, improving the utilization rate of frequency spectrum; and the lower peak-to-average ratio of the GFDM technology makes it more applicable for underwater acoustic system that is mostly battery-powered, and can achieve more efficient energy use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a block diagram of a GFDM multi-carrier underwater acoustic communicationsystem; Figure 2 is the structure diagram of the modulator of the GFDM multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication system;
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of time-frequency division for different communication systems: OFDM, SC-FDE, GFDM; Figure 4 is the data block structure of the GFDM multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication system; Figure 5 is a modulation matrix with a roll-off factor of 0.9, K=5, and M=9; Figure 6 is a modulation matrix with a roll-off factor of 0.1, K=8, and M=9; Figure 7 is a modulation matrix with a roll-off factor of 0.9, K=8, and M=9; Figure 8 is a modulation matrix with a roll-off factor of 0.9, K=10, and M=9.
Radio 5G communication multi-carrier technology includes generalized multi-carrier (GMC, Generalized Multi-Carrier) technology, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC, Filter Bank Multi Carrier) technology, and generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM, Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology and biorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (BFDM, Biorthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology, etc. The present invention conducts research on the GFDM technology. The difference of GFDM technology from OFDM technology is that GFDM technology can design the impulse response and frequency response of the prototype filter according to actual needs, and there is no need for orthogonality between sub-carriers; the design of the bandwidth of sub-carriers and the degree of overlap of sub-carriers can be realized !0 flexibly, and in turn the interference between adjacent sub-carriers can be reduced; the advantage of GFDM that the number of sub-carriers and the number of sub-blocks can be flexibly set make it possible to make full use of scattered spectrum resources to achieve communication; the synchronization between sub-carriers, channel estimation, detection, etc. can all be performed separately on each sub-carrier. Therefore, it is more !5 suitable for uplink where it is difficult to achieve strict synchronization between users. The above advantage makes this multi-carrier technology more applicable for the field of underwater acoustic communication with limited spectrum resources. At present, the GFDM technology is still in the early stage in the radio field. Gerhard Fettweis and N. Michailow et al. began preliminary studies on the GFDM technology in 2014, including studies conducted on the impact of filter banks on system error rate performance, the modulator and the system structure. The above advantages of the GFDM technology make it more applicable for future underwater acoustic communication and underwater networking technology. Therefore, the present invention studies an underwater acoustic communication system based on the emerging 5G multi-carrier technology-GFDM technology. The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. The present invention includes the following steps: step one: at a transmitting end, encoding binary source data b, and performing
GFDM modulation on the encoded data k X represents a GFDM modulated signal; wherein the detailed structure of a modulator is shown in Figure 2. First, N data is serial-to-parallel converted at the transmitting end, and then the data is grouped into K groups (namely the K sub-carriers mentioned above), and each group transmits M sub-symbols (namely the M sub-symbols mentioned above), and MxK=N is met. Each group corresponds to a sub-carrier for transmission, and finally the modulated data
is combined and transmitted. Wherein dk,- represents the data transmitted on the kth
sub-carrier and the nth sub-symbol; Rgkm is the impulse response of the filter to which the data corresponds; step two: adding a cyclic prefix to the GFDM modulated signal; the GFDM technology has the advantage of flexibly selecting the number of sub-carriers and the number of sub-blocks, so that it covers single-carrier technology and OFDM technology in a broad sense. The time-frequency division modes for the three communication modes are shown in Figure 3. As can been seen in the figure, the symbol structure of OFDM is that one OFDM symbol is divided into N sub-carriers in its frequency domain. For a single carrier symbol, the time domain part where it is located is divided into N sub-symbols, while one GFDM symbol is divided in time domain and frequency domain, respectively, it is divided into M sub-symbols in time domain and is divided into K sub-carriers in frequency domain. Figure 5.4 shows the internal structure of the data block of GFDM in detail.
If To represents a sub-symbol period and Tr represents a cyclic prefix length, then
the symbol period of one GFDM is: GFDM cp O, which uses fewer cyclic prefixes than OFDM technology, and thus has higher spectrum efficiency; step three: after the modulated signal passes through an underwater acoustic channel, at a receiving end, synchronizing the data, estimating and equalizing the underwater acoustic channel, and then performing GFDM demodulation; and step four: demapping and decoding the GFDM demodulated signal. The present invention provides a 5G multi-carrier underwater acoustics communication technology, and the present method is described in detail: 1. The process of GFDM modulation in the step one is as below: the block diagram of a GFDM communication system is shown in Figure 1, a
modulated data vector d can be expressed as -1 , wherein (m',m di, i and dk,m represents the data transmitted on the kth sub-carrier
and the mth sub-symbol, the impulse response corresponding to the data is:
g,,[n]=g[(n-mK)modN].exp -j2z k n
wherein n represents a sampling point, and it can be seen from the above formula
that each [,m] is obtained by subjecting a prototype filter to different time and frequency transformations,
the transmitted data 5= (x[n])T can be expressed as:
0 ,1 =[A]n,K+l
K-I M-1
x[n]=I g,,.[n]-d,,., n =0,---N- 1 k=O m=O
let Z ,tea , the above formula can be written as
1A the dimension of the modulation matrix A in GFDM is KM x KM (the number of sub-carriers is K, and the number of sub-symbols is M), which can be expressed as:
A=(0, ... .. K-1, , KAM
ik^ is generated byg0,0 being shifted in time domain and frequency domain,
and 1° =[A], 2 andg°d [A L,K+I1 areth cyclicshiftof [A] by analogy. 2. The methods for selecting the parameter K in the dimension of the GFDM modulation matrix A in the step one are classed into two categories, wherein the first category is as below: when the channel conditions are good, the value of the parameter K is first set according to the available bandwidth of the underwater acoustic channel, the available bandwidth resources are equally allocated according to the number of sub-carriers, the parameter K, and further the number of sub-blocks, parameters M, is inferred from the
data length N and the relational expression KxM=N
3. The methods for selecting the parameter K in the dimension of the GFDM modulation matrix A in the step one are classed into two categories, wherein the second category is as below: when the channel conditions are not good or it is expected to use scattered spectrum information, an adaptive method is used to flexibly set the number of sub-carriers, the parameter K, according to the limited range of the channel bandwidth frequency, and the number of subblocks, the parameter M, is inferred from the data
length N and the relational expression KxM=N.
4. The process of transmitting through the underwater acoustic channel after GFDM demodulation in the step three is as below: after passing through the underwater acoustic channel, the received signal is:
j = +
wherein ' represents the received signal, X represents the transmitted signal,
the transmission function of the underwater acoustic channel is represented by H, and assuming that the case where Gaussian white noise exists is considered, the Gaussian white noise is represented by w . At the receiving end, after time-frequency synchronization, the cyclic prefix is removed.
After channel estimation and equalization, the received signal is , which can be
expressed as:
Z= H -F= H-'HA+ H-'F=Ad+ 5. The process of GFDM demodulation in the step three is as below:
d = Bi the dimension of matrix B used for demodulation is the same as that of modulation matrix A, when the receiving end adopts different equalization modes, the forms of matrix B are different, for instances of three modes of matched filtering, zero-forcing equalization and minimum mean square error criterion, in these equalization modes, the
forms of matrix B are expressed byBMF BZF, and BMmSE , respectively, which can be
expressed as:
Bz, =A-'
BMMSE- B0s 2'±AAA I+ " A
22 wherein the variances of noise and signal are and d, respectively, and the
estimated transmission data b is obtained after final demodulation. Figures 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of GFDM modulation matrix A under different parameter conditions, wherein the matrix A selects the number of sub-carriers K=8, the number of sub-blocks M=9, and the roll-off factor of the modulation matrix A in Figure 6 is 0.1, and in Figure 7 the selected roll-off factor is 0.9. It can be seen from these figures that as the roll-off factor increases, the side lobes of the filter bank decrease. The specific examples described above are only preferred examples of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above examples based on the technology of the present invention in essence will fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Where any or all of the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or "comprising" are used in this specification (including the claims) they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components, but not precluding the presence of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Claims (3)
1. A 5G multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication method, wherein, comprising the following steps:
step one: at a transmitting end, encoding source datab, and performing GFDM
modulation on encoded data c, X represents a GFDM modulated signal; step two: adding a cyclic prefix to the GFDM modulated signal;
If To represents a sub-symbol period and TP represents a cyclic prefix length,
then a symbol period of one GFDM is:
TGFDM cTp +M -TO
which uses fewer cyclic prefixes than OFDM technology, and thus has higher spectrum efficiency; where M represents the number of sub-blocks; step three: after the GFDM modulated signal passes through an underwater acoustic channel, at a receiving end, synchronizing the data, estimating and equalizing the underwater acoustic channel, and then performing GFDM demodulation; and step four: demapping and decoding a GFDM demodulated signal; a process of GFDM modulation in the step one is as below:
a modulated data vector d can be expressed as ' M'1) , wherein d = --- d d m ,'M d K-1,m ) and k,m represents data transmitted on the kth sub-carrier and the mth sub-symbol, an impulse response corresponding to the data is:
gk,rn[n] g [(n - mK)mod N] exp -j2r Kn
wherein n represents a sampling point, and it can be seen from the above formula
that each gk,. is obtained by subjecting a prototype filter to different time and frequency transformations,
transmitted data (x[n])T can be expressed as: o,[A] n,K+
K-1M-1 x[n]= ZZ gk,[n]dk, ,n =0,- N -1 k =0m=0
where N represents data length;
let Zk,m=(k,.[n ['T , the above formula can be written as
i = Ad
a dimension of a modulation matrix A in GFDM is KM x KM (K sub-carriers, and M sub-symbols), which can be expressed as:
A= (kD,.. gK-IOkO.. gK-IA)
, is generated by 0,0 being shifted in time domain and frequency domain,
and 90-[A]L,2and =[A],K+1 are cyclic shift of I by analogy; methods for selecting K in the dimension of the modulation matrix A in the step one are classed into two categories, wherein a first category is as below: when channel conditions are good, the value of K is first set according to an available bandwidth of the underwater acoustic channel, the available bandwidth resources are equally allocated according to the number of sub-carriers K, and further the number of sub-blocks M is inferred from the data length N and a relational
expression KxM=N; wherein a second category is as below: when channel conditions are not good or it is expected to use scattered spectrum information, an adaptive method is used to flexibly set the number of sub-carriers K, according to a limited range of channel bandwidth frequency, and the number of
sub-blocks M is inferred from the data length N and a relational expression KxM=N.
2. The 5G multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication method according to claim 1, wherein, a process of transmitting through the underwater acoustic channel after
GFDM demodulation in the step three is as below: after passing through the underwater acoustic channel, a received signal is:
jH+ wherein represents the received signal, X represents a transmitted signal, a transmission function of the underwater acoustic channel is represented by H, and assuming that the case where Gaussian white noise exists is considered, the Gaussian
white noise is represented by 0 ; at the receiving end, after time-frequency
synchronization, the cyclic prefix is removed,
after channel estimation and equalization, the received signal is Z, which can be expressed as:
=H ' + = H HA±+ H -v=Ad+wi
3. The 5G multi-carrier underwater acoustic communication method according to claim 2, wherein, a process of GFDM demodulation in the step three is as below:
d = Bj a dimension of matrix B used for demodulation is the same as that of modulation matrix A, when the receiving end adopts different equalization modes, forms of matrix B are different, for instances of three modes of matched filtering, zero-forcing equalization and minimum mean square error criterion, in these equalization modes, the forms of
matrix B are expressed by BF, BZF, and wMSE , respectively, which can be expressed
as:
BMF AH
BZF
BMMSE 1 H =r.2±A A AH
22 wherein variances of noise and signal are 7 and 1, respectively, and estimated
transmission data b is obtained after final demodulation.
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- 2018-12-05 WO PCT/CN2018/119347 patent/WO2020113464A1/en active Application Filing
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| AU2018451799A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
| WO2020113464A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
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