AU2018420380A1 - Device for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon - Google Patents

Device for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2018420380A1
AU2018420380A1 AU2018420380A AU2018420380A AU2018420380A1 AU 2018420380 A1 AU2018420380 A1 AU 2018420380A1 AU 2018420380 A AU2018420380 A AU 2018420380A AU 2018420380 A AU2018420380 A AU 2018420380A AU 2018420380 A1 AU2018420380 A1 AU 2018420380A1
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range
devices
containing carbon
chamber
material containing
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AU2018420380A
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AU2018420380B2 (en
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Franz Josef Philipp
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PHILIPP DENNIS CHRISTOPHER
PHILIPP STEPHANIE
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PHILIPP DENNIS CHRISTOPHER
PHILIPP STEPHANIE
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/209—Other metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/60—Combustion in a catalytic combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50001—Combination of two or more furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50202—Waste pyrolysis, gasification or cracking in presence of catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/15001—Irradiating fumes with electron or light beams, e.g. UV, for oxidizing or dissociating SOx and NOx
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (17) for treating material (18) containing carbon, comprising a multi-chamber system (26), which has a combustion chamber (1), which can be filled with a mixture (21) and which is connected to an energy generation device (11) and to a reaction chamber (3), wherein: - an upstream irradiation apparatus (12) is provided downstream of the reaction chamber (3); - at least one plasma-generating apparatus (37) is provided downstream of said irradiation device (12), which plasma-generating apparatus is connected downstream to a reactor (5), which can be filled with a mixture (21); - a second irradiation apparatus (13) is provided downstream of the reactor (5); - a filter apparatus (43) is provided downstream of said irradiation apparatus (13), which filter apparatus is connected downstream to a gasifying apparatus (46), which is connected downstream to the combustion chamber (1); - a catalytic reaction zone (16) is provided downstream of the filter apparatus (43); - a device (47) for splitting the gas stream exiting the reaction zone (16) is provided downstream of the reaction zone (16).

Description

Device for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon
The present invention relates to a device for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon, with the features specified in the patent claim 1.
From the state of the art, devices are known in which, for example, household waste is incinerated.
These well-known devices for incinerating household waste are particularly detri mental because large amounts of carbon dioxide, which increase the greenhouse gas problem, are produced and released to the environment when household waste is incinerated. In some of these known devices, the carbon dioxide produced there is removed from the flue gases in cumbersome, costly and trouble-prone and often only par tially effective filter devices.
The object of the present invention therefore consists in the provision of a device for thermally and optionally catalytically treating material containing carbon, which does not release carbon dioxide to the environment and which does not require a cumbersome, cost-intensive, trouble-prone and often only partially effective filter device for the filtering of carbon dioxide.
According to the invention, this object is solved by a generic device with the fea tures specified in the claim. Particularly preferred embodiments of the device ac cording to the invention are subject of the subclaims.
Particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention are described in more detail on the basis of the drawings. It shows:
Figure 1 a schematic flow diagram of a device according to the invention for ther mally and catalytically treating material containing carbon;
Figure 2 a schematic plan view on the multi-chamber system (26) of a device ac cording to the invention (17) including the devices associated with the multi chamber system (26);
Figure 3 a schematic plan view on a reaction chamber (3) of a device according to the invention (17), in which three reactors (5) arranged side by side are provided, wherein flue gases (39) of external origin as well as the gases contained in the re action chamber (3) and / or in the combustion chamber (1) are feedable after their release (6) from the reaction chamber (3) and / or from the multi-chamber system (26) of a first irradiation device (12) and thereafter a plasma ignition device (37), wherein this plasma ignition device (37) is connected to a reactor (5) provided within the reaction chamber (3), wherein the gases are feedable after the passage of the reactor (5) to a second irradiation device (13);
Figure 4 a schematic side view of a reactor (5) provided within a reaction chamber (3), wherein between the exit (6) from the reaction chamber (3) or from the multi chamber system (26) on the one hand and the entry into the reactor (5) on the other hand a first irradiation device (12) and a plasma ignition device (37) are pro vided and the gases (19) from the reactor (5) are feedable after their exit from the reactor (5) to a second irradiation device (13).
The present invention thus relates to a device (17) for thermally and preferably catalytically treating material containing carbon (18).
In particular, the present invention relates to a device (17) for the thermally treat ing material containing carbon (18), in which a transfer of introduced material con taining carbon (18) into alkanes and / or alkenes and / or alcohols takes place.
In the case of the present invention, "material containing carbon (18)" means, for example, household waste, hazardous waste, commercial waste, oil shale, oil sands, lignite, hard coal or asphalt.
Further, the present invention relates to a device (17) for thermally and preferably catalytically treating material containing carbon (18), in which an also radiation induced transfer of introduced material containing carbon (18) in alkanes and / or alkenes and / or alcohols takes place.
As a rule, the device according to the invention (17) comprises, for example, one or more multi-chamber systems (26).
Preferably, in each multi-chamber system (26) one or more combustion chambers (1) are provided.
In general, each combustion chamber (1) may be continuously or discontinuously fillable with a mixture (21) which includes material containing carbon (18) and ash (41) and / or residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) and one or more sta bilizers (30).
Preferably, each combustion chamber (1) may be formed in the form of, for exam ple, a fire chamber, a rust firing, a rust firing with solid flat gratings or with a feed grate or with a walking grate or with a sub-slip grate or with a stair grate.
Alternatively, each combustion chamber (1) in the form of, for example, a stand furnace or a continuous furnace, a rotary kiln, a drum furnace, a tunnel furnace, a conveyor belt or conveyor chain furnace, a pull-through furnace, a paternoster fur nace or a drop shaft furnace, are formed, wherein the good absorption can be car ried out, for example, by movable pots, movable tubs or movable wagons or mov able frames.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) can be each combustion chamber (1) each with one or more devices (11) for the generation of electrical or kinetic energy in direct or indirect connection.
The occurrence of a potential "tar problem or pollution problem" in the area of the device (11) for the generation of electrical or kinetic energy is prevented by the fact that the gases leave the device (11) for the production of energy early and can then also be fed to the device (43) for filtering the flue gases and can subse quently be fed via the carburetor device (46) of the combustion chamber (1).
As already shown from Figure 1, the one or the several combustion chambers (1) may be directly or indirectly related to one or more reaction chambers (3).
Preferably, each reaction chamber (3) and / or each combustion chamber (1) and / or any multi-chamber system (26) may have one or more outlet openings (6). From these outlet openings (6) the flue gases (32) present in the reaction cham ber (3) and / or in the combustion chamber (1) and / or in the multi-chamber sys tem (26) can be discharged outward.
Already from Figure 1 it is clear that in particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) downstream from the or the reaction cham bers (3) and / or downstream side of the or the multi-chamber systems (26) one or more current on-the-side first irradiation devices (12) may be provided for irradia tion of the flue gas (32) and /or of flue gases (39) of external origin emitted from the combustion chamber (1) and / or the reaction chamber (3).
In this first irradiation device (12) for radiation-induced transfer may be irradiated of the flue gases (32, 39) for example with electromagnetic radiation of the micro wave wavelength range (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and / or the distant (FIR 25 pm to 500 pm), medium (MIR 2.5 pm to 25 pm) or near (NIR 760 nm to 2.5 pm) infrared wavelength range and/or the UV wavelength range (400 nm to 10 nm) and/or the X-ray wavelength range (100 nm to 10-2 pm).
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) may be provided downstream from the first irradiation device (12) one or more plasma ignition devices (37).
As a rule, these plasma ignition devices (37) can be directly or indirectly connect ed to one or more reactors (5) provided outside or within a reaction chamber (3).
As can be seen in particular from Figure 4, downstream from the or the plasma ig nition devices (37) the current-side ends (7) of reactors provided within or outside a reaction chamber (3) (5) may be provided.
Preferably, each reactor (5) can be reversible, continuous or discontinuous with a mixture (21) of material containing carbon (18) as well as ash (41) from the ash si lo (33) and / or from residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) and from one or more stabilizers (30).
Figure 4 also shows that the downstream ends (15) of the reactors (5) may be di rectly or indirectly related to one or more other, second irradiation devices (13).
In these second irradiation devices (13), the flue gases (19; 32, 39) emitted from the reactor (5) can be irradiated indirectly or directly with electromagnetic radia tion.
The wavelengths of the radiation source in the second irradiation device (13) can be in the microwave wavelength range (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and/or the distant (FIR 25 pm to 500 pm), medium (MIR 2.5 pm to 25 pm) or near (NIR 760 nm to 2.5 pm) infrared wavelength range and/or the UV wavelength range (400 nm to 10 nm) and/or the X-ray wavelength range (100 nm to 10-2 pm).
Figures 1 and 2 show that a filter device (43) may be provided downstream from the second irradiation device (13). In this filter device (43) for example, a synthetic or natural, lipophilic and oil-like filter agent (44) can be mist-shaped sprayable.
Preferably, this filter device (43) - for dissolving gaseous, solid or liquid filter resi dues - downstream can be connected with a carburetor device (46) (see Figures 1 and 2).
In this one or more carburetor devices (46) the gaseous, solid or liquid filter resi dues can be transferred into an aerosol-like, finely distributed form.
As a rule, one or more carburetor devices (46) can be directly or indirectly con nected to the combustion chambers (1) downstream or the combustion chambers (46).
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) can be provided downstream from the filter device (43) one or more reaction zones (16) for the absorption of gases from the filter device (43).
Preferably, within each reaction zone (16) one or more catalyst carriers (34) may be provided.
Each catalyst carrier (34) may, for example, carry identical or different catalyst molecules, each containing one or more magnesium atoms and/or tin atoms and/or phosphorus atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or selenium atoms and/or ru thenium atoms and/or osmium atoms and/or cobalt atoms and/or copper atoms and/or silver atoms and/or titanium atoms and/or chromium atoms and/or tungsten atoms and/or manganese atoms and/or nickel atoms and/or platinum atoms and/or iridium atoms and/or vanadium atoms and/or tantalum atoms and/or gold atoms.
As shown in particular in Figure 1, one or more one or more one or more-part de vices (47) for separating the gas stream emerging from the reaction zone (16) may be provided downstream from one or the more reaction zones (16).
As can be seen from Figures 1 to 4, in particularly preferred embodiments of the device (17) of the invention, the combustion chambers (1) and / or the reactors (5) a mixture (21) can be feedable continuously or discontinuously.
In these mixtures (21) the proportion of material containing carbon (18) may lie, for example, in the range from 70.0 wt .-% to 95.0 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 75.0 wt .-% to 90.0 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 76.0 wt .-% to 85.0 wt .-%.
Preferably in these mixtures (21) the proportion of one or more stabilizers (30) for example in the range of 4.0 wt .-% to 30.0 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 4.5 wt .-% to 28.0 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 5.0 wt .-% to 26.0 wt .-%, lie.
As a rule, in these mixtures (21) the proportion of ash (41) and / or residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) may lie, for example, in the range of 1.0 wt .-% to 25.0 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 2.0 wt .-% to 23.0 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 3.0 wt.-%% to 22.0 wt.-%.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) may be directly or indirectly related to the respective combustion chamber (1) each one or more heating devices (14) - for heating or heating the respective combustion chamber (1) or for the burner firing - directly or indirectly (see Figures 1 and 2).
These one or more heating devices (14) are designed in such a way that they can heat one or the more combustion chambers (1) to a temperature, for example, in the range of 800 °C to 1500OC, preferably in the range of 850 °C to 1400OC, in particular in the range from 900OC to 1350 OC, completely or zone by zone.
In the start-up phase of the device according to the invention (17), the heating de vice (14) or burner firing is usually supplied, among other things, with oxygen and fuel of external origin.
The heating device (14) then brings one or the more combustion chambers (1) zone by zone or completely to their "operating temperature" in the aforementioned range from 800 OC to 1500OC. Only when this above-mentioned operating temperature (800OC to 1500 OC) has been reached sustainably in the respective combustion chamber (1), the required oxygen and the fuel in the process itself are obtained from the input materials, for example from the mixture (21). No external supply - or only a significantly reduced supply - is necessary here.
In the combustion chambers (1) there is therefore not only a heating, but actually a targeted combustion geared to the substance. The fabric must also burn out al most completely in order to be able to deliver the required quality of the product.
In the case of the reaction chambers (3) - as shown in Figures 1 to 4 (3) - as well as in the reactors (5) running in the reaction chambers (3) - the temperatures there may be, for example, in the range of 250OC to 700OC, preferably in the range of 300OC to 650 OC, in particular in the range of 350OC to 600OC.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) the heating of one or more of the several reaction chambers (3) and one or more reactors (5) can be carried out by heat generated in the combustion chamber (1) by means of heat conduction or heat radiation and / or external heat supply.
In the case of particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) the or those of the crushing device (23) and / or the mixing device (25) directly or indirectly feedable stabilizers (30) may be selected from the group that comprises MgO, A1203,Fe2 03,SiO2,TiO2,CaO and / or Na2O - or mixtures thereof.
The insertion of one or more stabilizers (30) into one or more crushing devices (23) does not destroy these, even if these - as preferably the case - are formed in the form of one or more rotor impact mills. The stabilizer or the stabilizers (30) can serve in the shredding device (23) for ex ample rather as a grinding aid. There is no unnecessary wear and tear of the crushing device (23) by the stabi lizer (30). By adding the stabilizer (30) to the crushing device (23), the shredding efficiency of the crushing device (23) - which is optionally formed in the form of a rotor impact mill - is even increased, since then fabric is broken up by fabric. For the achievement of the very pronounced, desired shredding, the addition of a sta bilizer (30) into the crushing device (23) is even necessary.
In particular, it can be inferred from Figure 1 that in the case of particularly pre ferred embodiments of the device (17) of the invention, one or more combustion chambers (1) directly or indirectly via one or more outlet openings (2) can be re lated to one or more reaction chambers (3).
Figures 1 and 2 show that between each reaction chamber (3) on the one hand and each combustion chamber (1) on the other hand, one or more auxiliary lines (4) can be formed for the return of combustion gases (32) present in the reaction chamber (3).
The one or more plasma ignition devices (37) shown in Figures 1 to 4 can, for ex ample, generate purely electrically by radiofrequency excitation of a carrier medi um in the form of air and / or flue gas (32, 39) plasma in the form of an arc ex tended in space.
As a rule, the plasma ignition devices (37) are formed, for example, in the form of plasma lances.
These plasma lances (37) may, for example, have a diameter in the range of 25.0 mm to 10.0 cm, preferably in the range of 26.0 mm to 8.0 cm, in particular in the range of 27.0 mm to 7.0 cm.
The lengths of the plasma lances (37) may, for example, be formed by default in the range from 0.5 m to 10.0 m, preferably in the range from 1.5 m to 8.0 m, in particular in the range from 2.0 m to 7.0 m.
Preferably, plasma can be generated at the tips of plasmalances (37).
In general, the plasma ignition devices (37) can work for example on a microwave basis and each include a high-frequency generator (magnetron) which is integrat ed in the lance head.
For example, a plasmalance with an initial ignition spark generator and a supply unit with a connecting line can be connected to this lance head.
The temperature of the plasma produced may be, for example, in the range of 3000 OC to 5000 OC, preferably in the range from 3100OC to 4700 OC, in particular in the range of 3200 °C to 4100 C.
The power of the plasma ignition device (37) can, for example, be standard in the range of 1.0 kW to 5.0 kW, preferably in the range from 1.5 kW to 4.5 kW, in par ticular in the range from 2.0 kW to 4.0 kW.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) may be provided upstream before the plasma ignition device (37) for compression of the carrier medium (external air and / or flue gases 32, 39) one or more com pressors (38).
In particular, Figure 4 shows that that the reactors (5) can enforce the respective reaction chamber (3) in such a way that their current-side ends (7) essentially close with one outside of the reaction chamber (3) or slightly protrude them out wardly, while their opposite, downstream ends (15) directly or indirectly with the same - or another - outside of the reaction chamber (3) essentially close or extend them to the outside.
The reaction zones (16) shown in Figures 1 and 2 can, for example, be by default, a length in the range of 0.5 m to 10.0 m, preferably in the range from 0.7 m to 9.0 m, in particular in the range from 0.9 m to 8.0 m.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) the residence time of the combustion gases (19; 32, 39) in the respective reaction zone (16) for example, by default in the range of 1.0 seconds to 5.0 minutes, pref erably in the range of 2.0 seconds to 4.5 minutes, in particular in the range of 3.0 seconds to 4.0 minutes, may be.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17), the coolant stream of each device (8) may be related to condensation with one or more heat exchangers.
Preferably, this heat exchanger can provide the energy recovered from the coolant stream to one or more devices (14, 11) of the device (17) or for external use.
In particularly preferred, for example in Figure 1 illustrated embodiments of the device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18), downstream from the reaction zone (16) one or more one- or multi-part devices (47) for separating the gas stream emerging from the respective reaction zone (16) may be provided.
These one or more devices (47) for separating a gas stream may, for example, each include one or more devices (8) for condensation of the flue gases (19; 32, 39).
Preferably, the solid components (35) - upstream before the introduction of the mixture (21) into the combustion chamber (1) - of this mixture (21) - can be feeda ble in the condensation devices (8).
As a rule, downstream from the or the devices (8) to the condensation one or more devices (10) for fractionation of the liquid stream generated by the device (8) to condensation (36) may be provided.
The device according to the invention (17) is designed in such a way that the liquid stream (36) with a temperature, for example, in the range of 15C to 40 °C, pref erably in the range of 18OC to 38 OC, in particular in the range of 20 C to 35 OC, may be feedable to the device (10) for fractionation.
As a rule, the device (10) for fractionation can separate its supplied liquid stream (36) in fractions of different boiling points, for example in alkanes, alkenes and al cohols.
In particular, Figures 1 and 2 show that one or more crushing devices (23) may be provided for the material containing carbon (18) to be used on the upstream side in front of the mixing device (25).
In general, these crushing devices (23) may be designed in such a way that they can prevent the production of particles of a size in the range of 100 pm up to 500 pm, preferably in the range from 150 pm to 450 pm, especially in the range from 200 pm to 400 pm, allow.
The crushing devices (23) can, for example, be based on the principle of coarse breaking, fine-breaking, scraping, fine grinding, fine grinding or colloid grinding as well as cause crushing by crushing, grinding, tearing, cutting or rubbing - if neces sary in the circulation.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) can be downstream from the crushing devices (23) one or more screening devices (24) with a size of the sieve openings in the range of 100 pm up to 500 pm, pref erably in the range from 150 pm to 450 pm, especially in the range from 200 pm to 400 pm, be provided.
Preferably, between the screening device (24) and the crushing device (23) one or more compounds (42) for the return of oversized grain particles may be provided.
In the case of particularly preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention (17) the one- or multi-part device (48) for the preparation of the material containing carbon to be used (18) one or more stabilizers (30) - or mixtures of sta bilizers (30) - can be continuously or discontinuously supplied.
The addition of stabilizers (30) to the device (48) serves in particular to reduce odor nuisances during the crushing treatment of the material containing carbon to be recycled (18) as well as to increase the shredding efficiency.
In summary, it should be noted that in the context of the present invention a de vice (17) is provided for thermally and optionally catalytically treating material con taining carbon (18), in which for the first time no more carbon dioxide is released to the environment and which no longer requires a cumbersome, cost-intensive, trouble-prone and often ineffective filter device for the filtering of carbon dioxide.
Claims February 2020
1. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18), characterized in that, that they include one or more multi-chamber systems (26) in which one or more combustion chambers (1) are provided, wherein each combustion chamber (1) is continuously or discontinuously fillable with a mixture (21) which comprises material containing carbon (18) and ash (41) and / or resi dues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) and one or more stabilizers (30), wherein each combustion chamber (1) is each with one or more devices (11) for generating electrical or kinetic energy in direct or indirect connection, wherein one or the several combustion chambers (1) are directly or indirectly related to one or more reaction chambers (3), wherein each reaction chamber (3) and / or each multi-chamber system (26) have one or more outlet openings (6), from which the flue gases (32) present in the reaction chamber (3) and / or in the multi-chamber system (26) are dischargeable, wherein downstream from the or the reaction chambers (3) and / or downstream side of the or the multi-chamber systems (26) one or more current-side first irradiation devices (12) for irradiation of the flue gas (32) leaking from the combustion chamber (1) and /or the reaction chamber (3) and / or of flue gases (39) of external origin, in which irradiation of the flue gases (32, 39) with electromagnetic radiation of the microwave wavelength range (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and/or the distant (FIR 25 pm to 500 pm), mean (MIR 2.5 pm to 25 pm) or near (NIR 760 nm to 2.5 pm) infrared wavelength range and/or the UV wavelength range (400 nm to 10 nm) and/or the X-ray wavelength range (100 nm to 10-2 pm), wherein, from the current side of the first irradiation device (12) one or more plasma ignition devices (37) are provided, which are directly or indirectly connected downstream to one or more reactors (5) intended outside or within a reaction chamber (3), wherein downstream from the or the plasma ignition devices (37) the current-side ends (7) of reactors provided within or outside the reaction chamber (3) are provided (5), wherein each reactor (5) is reversible, continuous or discontinuous with a mixture (21) of material containing carbon (18) and ash (41) from the ash silo (33) and /or from residues (20) from the combustion chamber (1) and from stabilizers (30), wherein the downstream ends (15) of the reactors (5) are directly or indirectly related to one or more other, second irradiation devices (13) in which irradiation of the flue gases (19; 32 , 39) emerging from the reactor (5) is carried out with electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is in the micro wave wavelength range (300 MHz to 3 GHz) and/or the distant (FIR 25 pm to 500 pm), mean (MIR 2.5 pm to 25 pm) or near (NIR 760 nm to 2.5 pm) infrared wave length range and / or the UV wavelength range (400 nm to 10 nm) and/or the X ray wavelength range (100 nm to 10-2 pm), wherein a filter device (43) is provided downstream from the second irradiation device (13), in which a synthetic or natu ral, lipophilic and oil-like filter agent (44) is sprayable in the form of a mist, wherein the filter device (43) - for the discharge of gaseous, solid or liquid filter residues generated during spraying - is connected to a gaseous device (46) in which the gaseous, solid or liquid filter residues are transferable into an aerosol-like finely di vided form, wherein the carburetor device (46) downstream is directly or indirectly related to the or the combustion chambers (1) and wherein from the filter device (43) one or more reaction zones (16) are provided for the absorption of gases from the filter device (43), therein within the reaction zones (16) one or more cata lyst carriers (34) are provided, carry the same or different catalyst molecules, each containing one or more magnesium atoms and / or tin atoms and / or phosphorus atoms and / or sulfur atoms and / or selenium atoms and / or ruthenium atoms and / or osmium atoms and / or cobalt atoms and / or copper atoms and / or silver at oms and / or titanium atoms and / or chromium atoms and / or tungsten atoms and / or manganese atoms and / or nickel atoms and / or platinum atoms and / or iridi um atoms and / or vanadium atoms and / or tantalum atoms and / or gold atoms wherein one or more one- or multi-part devices (47) for separating the gas stream emerging from the reaction zone (16) are provided downstream of one or more reaction zones (16).
2. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18) according claim 1, characterized in that one or the several combustion cham bers (1) each with one or more heating devices (14) for heating the combustion chambers (1) are indirectly or directly related to the combustion chambers (1) to a temperature in the range of 800OC to 1500 OC fully or zone-by-zone heating, wherein the temperatures in the reaction chambers (3) and in the reactors (5) run ning within the reaction chambers (3) are in the range of 250OC to 700 OC, where in the heating of the reaction chambers (3) and the reactors (5) is carried out by heat generated in the combustion chamber (1) by means of heat conduction or heat radiation and /or external heat supply.
3. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that one or the more combustion chambers (1) are directly or indirectly connected to one or more reac tion chambers (3) via one or more outlet openings (2) and that between each re action chamber (3) on the one hand and each combustion chamber (1) on the other hand, one or more auxiliary lines (4) are formed for the return of combustion gases (32) present in the reaction chamber (3).
4. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one or the several plasma ignition devices (37) purely electrically by radiofrequency excitation of a carrier medium in the form of air and / or flue gas (32, 39) generate plasma in the form of an arc extended in space, the plasma ignition devices (37) in the form of plasma lances are designed as standard with a diameter in the range of 25.0 mm to 10.0 cm and a length as standard in the range of 0.5 m to 10.0 m, at the top of which plasma can be generated and wherein the plasma ignition devices work on a microwave basis and each comprises a high-frequency generator (magnetron) integrated in the lance head to which a plasma lance with initial ignition spark generator and a supply unit with connection line is connected wherein at a tem perature in the range of 3000 OC to 5000 OC an output is as standard in the range of 1.0 kW to 5.0 kW achievable, wherein upstream in front of the plasma ignition device (37) for compression of the carrier medium (external air and / or flue gases 32, 39) one or more compressors (38) are provided.
5. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating of material containing carbon (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reactors (5) enforce the respective reaction chamber (3) each in such a way that their current side ends (7) each close with one outside of the reaction chamber (3) or that they just protrude to the outside, while their opposite, downstream ends (15) close di rectly or indirectly with the same - or another - outside of the reaction chamber (3) or slightly exceed them outwards.
6. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reaction zones (16) by default have a length in the range of 0.5 m to 10.0 m.
7. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a coolant stream of each device (8) for condensation is associated with one or more heat exchang ers, which provides the energy recovered from the coolant stream to one or more devices (14, 11) of the device (17) or for external use.
8. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that downstream from the reaction zone (16) one or more one- or multi-part devices (47) for separating the gas stream emerging from the respective reaction zone (16), each include one or more devices (8) for condensation of the flue gases (19; 32 , 39), wherein in these condensation devices (8) arising solid components (35) - upstream before the introduction of the mixture (21) into the combustion chamber (1) - this mixture
(21) are feedable and wherein downstream from the or the devices (8) to the con densation one or more devices (10) are provided for fractionation of the liquid stream generated by the device (8) to the condensation (36), wherein the liquid stream (36) is feedable for fractionation with a temperature in the range of 15OC to 40 C of the device (10) , wherein the device (10) for fractionation separates the liquid stream (36) supplied to it in fractions of different boiling points.
9. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on the wind side in front of a mixing device (25) one or more crushing devices (23) are provided for the material containing carbon to be recycled (18), which are de signed in such a way that they produce particles of a size in the range of 100 Pm up to 500 pm, with one or more screening devices (24) with a size of sieve open ings in the range of 100 pm to 500 pm from the crushing devices (23), wherein be tween the screening device (24) and the crushing device (23) a connection (42) is provided for the return of oversized grain particles.
10. Device (17) for thermally and catalytically treating material containing carbon (18) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a one or multi-part device (48) for the preparation of the material containing carbon to be used (18) one or more stabilizers (30) - or mixtures of stabilizers (30) - are contin uously or discontinuously feedable to reduce odor nuisances during the prepara tion of the material containing carbon to be recycled (18) and to increase the crushing efficiency.
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