AU2018203293B2 - Compositions comprising a fluoroolefin - Google Patents
Compositions comprising a fluoroolefin Download PDFInfo
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- AU2018203293B2 AU2018203293B2 AU2018203293A AU2018203293A AU2018203293B2 AU 2018203293 B2 AU2018203293 B2 AU 2018203293B2 AU 2018203293 A AU2018203293 A AU 2018203293A AU 2018203293 A AU2018203293 A AU 2018203293A AU 2018203293 B2 AU2018203293 B2 AU 2018203293B2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 322
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 269
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 244
- -1 polyol esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 149
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 102
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroiodomethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)I VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-AUOAYUKBSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3-octadeuteriopropane Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])[2H] ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-AUOAYUKBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VWCLQNINSPFHFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-oxapentacyclo[12.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]docosa-1(14),2(11),4,6,8,12,15,17,19,21-decaene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C4OC5=CC=CC=C5CC4=C3C=CC2=C1 VWCLQNINSPFHFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-3h-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo-alpha-pyrone Natural products C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- YSLFMGDEEXOKHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoro(iodo)methane Chemical compound FC(F)I YSLFMGDEEXOKHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005075 thioxanthenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003732 xanthenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- SUAMPXQALWYDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SUAMPXQALWYDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OXQHQHZMHCGTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-undecafluoro-6-(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropan-2-yl)cyclohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F OXQHQHZMHCGTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SEEJHICDPXGSRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-undecafluoro-6-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F SEEJHICDPXGSRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QIROQPWSJUXOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-undecafluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F QIROQPWSJUXOJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIJZIPMRLFRVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5-nonafluoro-5,6,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F SIJZIPMRLFRVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BCNXQFASJTYKDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5-nonafluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F BCNXQFASJTYKDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CMBKOSTZCGEKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5,6,7-decafluoroindene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C2C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C2=C1F CMBKOSTZCGEKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LOQGSOTUHASIHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C1(F)F LOQGSOTUHASIHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009563 continuous hemofiltration Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- UWEYRJFJVCLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorodecalin Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C2(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C21F UWEYRJFJVCLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- LWRNQOBXRHWPGE-BMHJOCBYSA-N FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)[C@@]2(F)C(C(F)(F)F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)[C@@]21F Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)[C@@]2(F)C(C(F)(F)F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)[C@@]21F LWRNQOBXRHWPGE-BMHJOCBYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004775 coumarins Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-BJUDXGSMSA-N nitromethane Chemical group [11CH3][N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JRHMNRMPVRXNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(methoxy)methane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)F JRHMNRMPVRXNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 340
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 212
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 82
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 55
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 53
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 23
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 22
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 19
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 13
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl Chemical compound C[CH2] QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical group FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 7
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical group [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-butyrolactone Natural products O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 5
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XGVXNTVBGYLJIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroiodomethane Chemical compound FCI XGVXNTVBGYLJIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCC#N AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZSUUCLLIOSUIFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(propan-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)=O ZSUUCLLIOSUIFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-5-one Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CCCC WSGCRAOTEDLMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLZZPPHAMDJOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC#N PLZZPPHAMDJOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)=O.CC(C)=O YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ULIAPOFMBCCSPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-7-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCC ULIAPOFMBCCSPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKJHMKQSIBMURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC#N WKJHMKQSIBMURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical group CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.
Description
2018203293 11 May 2018
TITLE OF INVENTION
COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A FLUOROOLEFIN
CROSS REFERENCE(S) TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
The present Application is a Divisional Application from Australian Patent Application No. 2017203935, which is in turn a Divisional of Australian Patent Application No. 2016200229, which is in turn a Divisional of Australian Patent Application No. 2014202510, which is in turn a
Divisional of Australian Patent Application No. 2012200235, which is in turn a Divisional of Australian Patent Application No. 2006218376. The entire disclosures of Australian Patent Application Nos. 2017203935, 2016200229, 2014202510, 2012200235, 2006218376 and the corresponding International Application, PCT/US2006/008164, are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.
2. Description of Related Art.
The refrigeration industry has been working for the past few decades to find replacement refrigerants for the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) being phased out as a result of the Montreal Protocol. The solution for most refrigerant producers has been the commercialization of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants. The new HFC refrigerants, HFC134a being the most widely used at this time, have zero ozone depletion potential and thus are not affected by the current regulatory phase out as a result of the Montreal Protocol.
Further environmental regulations may ultimately cause global phase out of certain HFC refrigerants. Currently, the automobile industry is facing regulations relating to global warming potential for refrigerants
2018203293 11 May 2018 used in mobile air-conditioning. Therefore, there is a great current need to identify new refrigerants with reduced global warming potential for the mobile air-conditioning market. Should the regulations be more broadly applied in the future, an even greater need will be felt for refrigerants that 5 can be used in all areas of the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry.
Currently proposed replacement refrigerants for HFC-134a include
HFC-152a, pure hydrocarbons such as butane or propane, or “natural” refrigerants such as CO2. Many of these suggested replacements are toxic, flammable, and/or have low energy efficiency. Therefore, new 10 alternative refrigerants are being sought.
The present invention seeks to provide novel refrigerant compositions and heat transfer fluid compositions that provide unique characteristics to meet the demands of low or zero ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential as compared to current refrigerants.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composition comprising
HFC-1225ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of:
HFC-1234ze, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and CF3I.
The present invention further relates to a composition comprising HFC-1234ze and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32,
HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC227ea, HFC-236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, nbutane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and CF3I.
The present invention further relates to a composition comprising HFC-1234yf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC3
2018203293 11 May 2018
236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and CF3I.
The present invention further relates to a composition comprising HFC-1234ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236ea, HFC236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and 10 CF3I.
The present invention further relates to a composition comprising HFC-1243zf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, 15 HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa,
HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and CF3I.
The present invention further relates to a composition comprising:
(a) at least one lubricant selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, polyalkylene glycol, polyvinyl ethers, mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic napthenes, and poly(alpha)olefins; and (b) a composition selected from the group consisting of: about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC-
1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-152a;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1234yf;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent trans-HFC-1234ze;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1243zf;
2018203293 11 May 2018
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-134a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent trans- | |
5 | HFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-152a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-227ea; and |
10 | about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent CF3I. The present invention further relates to a composition |
15 | comprising: a) a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition selected from the group consisting of: about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight |
20 | percent HFC-152a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1234yf; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC- |
25 | 1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent trans-HFC-1234ze; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1243zf; |
30 | about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-134a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent trans- HFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 |
35 | weight percent HFC-152a; |
2018203293 11 May 2018
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent trans- HFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-227ea; and about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent trans- | |
5 | HFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent CF3I; and b) a compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of: i) polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers represented by the formula |
10 | R1[(OR2)xOR3]y, wherein: x is an integer from 1 to 3; y is an integer from 1 to 4; R1 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bonding sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; |
15 | R3 is selected from hydrogen, and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 is selected from said hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein said polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 |
20 | atomic mass units; ii) amides represented by the formulae R1C(O)NR2R3 and cyclo-[R4CON(R5)-], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and |
25 | at most one aromatic radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein said amides have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; |
30 | iii) ketones represented by the formula R1C(O)R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said ketones have a molecular weight of from about 70 to about 300 atomic mass units; |
35 | iv) nitriles represented by the formula R1CN, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said nitriles |
2018203293 11 May 2018
have a molecular weight of from about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units; v) chlorocarbons represented by the formula RCIx, wherein; x is 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic | |
5 | hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein said chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units; vi) aryl ethers represented by the formula R1OR2, wherein: R1 is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to |
10 | 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein said aryl ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units; vii) 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the formula CF3R1, |
15 | wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; viii)fluoroethers represented by the formula R1OCF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic |
20 | hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; or wherein said fluoroethers are derived from fluoroolefins and polyols, wherein said fluoroolefins are of the type CF2=CXY, wherein X is hydrogen, chlorine or fluorine, and Y is chlorine, fluorine, CF3 or ORt, wherein Rt |
25 | is CF3, C2F5, or C3F7; and said polyols are linear or branched, wherein said linear polyols are of the type HOCH2(CHOH)x(CRR’ )yCH2OH, wherein R and R' are hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, x is an integer from 0-4, y is an integer from 0-3 and z is either zero or 1, and said branched |
30 | polyols are of the type C(OH)t(R)u(CH2OH)v[(CH2)mCH2OH]w, wherein R may be hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, m is an integer from 0 to 3, t and u are 0 or 1, v and w are integers from 0 to 4, and also wherein t + u + v + w = 4; and |
35 | ix) lactones represented by structures [B], [C], and [D]: |
2018203293 11 May 2018
R II 0 R 0 r2 II \1 ll Rn ? r, R^\° R4'\/x-yAR8 1 \ /* R2 \ R3 R^7 R3 rTXRs R3 rTXRs [B] [C] [D] | |
5 | wherein, Ri through Rs are independently selected from hydrogen, linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals; and the molecular weight is from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; and x) esters represented by the general formula R1CO2R2, |
10 | wherein R1 and R2are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated, alkyl and aryl radicals; and wherein said esters have a molecular weight of from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units. The present invention further relates to a composition |
15 | comprising: (a) at least one ultra-violet fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, fluoresceins, derivatives of said dye and |
20 | combinations thereof; and (b) a composition selected from the group consisting of: about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-152a; |
25 | about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1234yf; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight |
30 | percent trans-HFC-1234ze; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1243zf; |
2018203293 11 May 2018
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-134a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent trans- | |
5 | HFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-152a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-227ea; and |
10 | about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent CF3I. The present invention further relates to a method of solubilizing a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in a refrigeration lubricant |
15 | selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic napthenes, and poly(alpha)olefins, wherein said method comprises contacting said lubricant with said refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in the presence of an effective amount of a compatibilizer, wherein said refrigerant or heat transfer fluid comprises a |
20 | composition selected from the group consisting of: about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-152a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC- |
25 | 1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1234yf; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent trans-HFC-1234ze; |
30 | about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1243zf; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent |
35 | HFC-134a; |
2018203293 11 May 2018
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-152a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent trans- | |
5 | HFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-227ea; and about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent CFsl; |
10 | and wherein said compatibilizer is selected from the group consisting of: a) polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers represented by the formula R1[(OR2)xOR3]y, wherein: x is an integer from 1 to 3; y is an integer from 1 to 4; R1 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic |
15 | hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bonding sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from hydrogen, and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 is selected from |
20 | said hydrocarbon radicals; and wherein said polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; b) amides represented by the formulae R1C(O)NR2R3 and cyclo[R4CON(R5)-], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5are independently |
25 | selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and at most one aromatic radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein said amides have a molecular weight of |
30 | from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; c) ketones represented by the formula R1C(O)R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said ketones have a molecular weight of from about 70 |
35 | to about 300 atomic mass units; d) nitriles represented by the formula R1CN, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals |
2018203293 11 May 2018 having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said nitriles have a molecular weight of from about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units;
e) chlorocarbons represented by the formula RCIx, wherein; x is 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein said chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units;
f) aryl ethers represented by the formula R1OR2, wherein: R1 is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein said aryl ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units;
g) 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the formula CF3R1, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms;
h) fluoroethers represented by the formula R1OCF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; or wherein said fluoroethers are derived from fluoro-olefins and polyols, wherein said fluoro-olefins are of the type CF2=CXY, wherein X is hydrogen, chlorine or fluorine, and Y is chlorine, fluorine, CF3 or ORt, wherein Rf is CF3, C2F5, or C3F7; and said polyols are of the type HOCH2CRR’(CH2)z(CHOH)xCH2(CH2OH)y, wherein R and R’ are hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, x is an integer from 0-4, y is an integer from 0-3 and z is either zero or 1; and
i) lactones represented by structures [B], [C], and [D]:
O
O
[B] [C] [D]
2018203293 11 May 2018
wherein, Ri through Rs are independently selected from hydrogen, linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals; and the molecular weight is from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; and | |
5 | j) esters represented by the general formula R1CO2R2, wherein R1 and R2are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated, alkyl and aryl radicals; and wherein said esters have a molecular weight of from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units. |
10 | The present invention further relates to a method for replacing a high GWP refrigerant in a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, wherein said high GWP refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of R134a, R22, R123, R11, R245fa, R114, R236fa, R124, R12, R410A, R407C, R417A, R422A, R507A, R502, and R404A, said method |
15 | comprising providing a composition selected from the group consisting of: about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-152a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC- |
20 | 1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1234yf; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent trans-HFC-1234ze; |
25 | about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1225ye and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-1243zf; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight |
30 | percent HFC-134a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-152a; about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent trans- |
35 | HFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-227ea; and |
2018203293 09 Apr 2019 about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent transHFC-1234ze and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent CF3I;
to said refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus that uses, used or designed to use said high GWP refrigerant.
The present invention further relates to a method for early detection of a refrigerant leak in a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus said method comprising using a non-azeotropic composition in said apparatus, and monitoring for a reduction in cooling performance.
The present invention further relates to a composition comprising an azeotropic or near-azeotropic composition selected from the group consisting of:
25.1 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 74.9 weight percent HFC-134a having a vapor pressure of about 15.9 psia (110 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
40.7 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 59.3 weight percent HFC-152a having a vapor pressure of about 15.2 psia (104 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about weight percent 99 to about 1 weight percent HFC-134;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-161;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-227ea;
about 53 weight percent to about 99 weight percent
HFC-1243zf and about 47 to about 1 weight percent HFC-236ea;
about 49 weight percent to about 99 weight percent
HFC-1243zf and about 51 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-236fa;
about 66 weight percent to about 99 weight percent
HFC-1243zf and about 34 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-245fa;
about 1 weight percent to about 71 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 29 weight percent propane;
2018203293 09 Apr 2019 about 62 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about 38 weight percent to about 1 weight percent n-butane;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC-1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent dimethylether;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-134 and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-227ea;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-134 and about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent n-butane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-134 and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent dimethylether;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-134 and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent CF3I;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-134a and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-152a;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-134a and about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent n-butane;
about 1 weight percent to about 70 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 70 weight percent HFC-152a and about 29 weight percent to about 98 weight percent propane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-152a and about 1 weight percent to about 30 weight percent n-butane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-152a and about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent isobutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-152a and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent dimethylether;
13a
2018203293 09 Apr 2019 about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-227ea and about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent n-butane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 90 weight percent HFC-227ea and about 1 weight percent to about 50 weight percent isobutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 80 weight percent HFC-227ea and about 1 weight percent to about 90 weight percent dimethylether;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent n-butane and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent dimethylether; and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC-1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 60 weight percent isobutane and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent dimethylether.
The present invention further relates to a method of producing cooling, the method comprising: evaporating the composition comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and thereafter condensing the composition.
The present invention further relates to a method of producing heat, the method comprising: condensing the composition comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein in the vicinity of a body to be heated and thereafter evaporating the composition.
The present invention further relates to a method for replacing a high GWP refrigerant in a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the high GWP refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of R134a, R22, R123, R11, R245fa, R114, R236fa, R124, R12, R410A, R407C, R417A, R422A, R507A, R502, and R404A, the method comprising providing the composition comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein to the refrigeration, airconditioning, or heat pump apparatus that uses, used or is designed to use the high GWP refrigerant.
13b
2018203293 09 Apr 2019
The present invention further relates to a method of using the composition comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein as a heat transfer fluid composition, the method comprising transporting the composition from a heat source to a heat sink.
The present invention further relates to a refrigeration, airconditioning, or heat pump apparatus containing a composition comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein.
The present invention further relates to a foam blowing agent comprising the composition comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein.
The present invention further relates to a method of forming a foam comprising: a) adding to a foamable composition the composition of comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein; and b) reacting the foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam.
The present invention further relates to a sprayable composition comprising the composition comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein.
The present invention further relates to a process for producing aerosol products comprising the step of adding a composition comprising an azeotropic or near azeotropic composition as described herein to active ingredients in an aerosol container, wherein the composition functions as a propellant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin. The compositions of the present invention further comprise at least one additional component that may be a second fluoroolefin, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), hydrocarbon, dimethyl ether, bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide, CF3I, orCC>2. The fluoroolefin compounds and other components of the present inventive compositions are listed in Table 1.
13c
2018203293 09 Apr 2019
TABLE 1
Compound | Chemical name | Chemical formula |
HFC-1225ye | 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene | CF3CF=CHF |
HFC-1234ze | 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene | cf3ch=chf |
HFC-1234yf | 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene | cf3cf=ch2 |
HFC-1234ye | 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene | chf2cf=chf |
HFC-1243zf | 3,3,3-trifluoropropene | cf3ch=ch2 |
HFC-32 | difluoromethane | CH2F2 |
HFC-125 | pentafluoroethane | CF3CHF2 |
HFC-134 | 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane | CHF2CHF2 |
HFC-134a | 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane | CH2FCF3 |
HFC-143a | 1,1,1-trifluoroethane | ch3cf3 |
HFC-152a | 1,1-difluoroethane | chf2ch3 |
HFC-161 | fluoroethane | ch3ch2f |
HFC-227ea | 1,1,1,2,3,3,3- heptafluoropropane | CFsCHFCFs |
13d
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-236ea | 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane | CF3CHFCHF2 |
HFC-236fa | 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroethane | CF3CH2CF3 |
HFC-245fa | 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane | CF3CH2CHF2 |
HFC-365mfc | 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane | CF3CH2CH2CHF2 |
propane | CH3CH2CH3 | |
n-butane | CH3CH2CH2CH3 | |
i-butane | isobutane | CH3CH(CH3)CH3 |
2-methylbutane | ΟΗ3ΟΗ(ΟΗ3)ΟΗ2ΟΗ3 | |
n-pentane | CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 | |
cyclopentane | cyclo-(CH2)5- | |
DME | dimethylether | CH3OCH3 |
CO2 | carbon dioxide | CO2 |
CF3SCF3 | bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide | CF3SCF3 |
iodotrifluoromethane | CFsl |
The individual components listed in Table 1 may be prepared by methods known in the art.
The fluoroolefin compounds used in the compositions of the present invention, HFC-1225ye, HFC-1234ze, and HFC-1234ye, may exist as different configurational isomers or stereoisomers. The present invention is intended to include all single configurational isomers, single stereoisomers or any combination or mixture thereof. For instance, 1,3,3,3-tetra-fluoropropene (HFC-1234ze) is meant to represent the cis10 isomer, trans-isomer, or any combination or mixture of both isomers in any ratio. Another example is HFC-1225ye, by which is represented the cisisomer, trans-isomer, or any combination or mixture of both isomers in any ratio.
The compositions of the present invention include the following:
HFC-1225ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of HFC-1234ze, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and CF3I;
HFC-1234ze and at least one compound selected from the group consisting HFC-1225ye, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32,
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC227ea, HFC-236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, nbutane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and CF3I;
HFC-1234yf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and 10 CF3I; and
HFC-1243zf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of HFC-1234ye, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n15 pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and CF3I; and HFC-1234ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethylether, CF3SCF3, CO2 and CF3I.
The compositions of the present invention may be generally useful when the fluoroolefin is present at about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, preferably about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, more preferably about 40 weight percent to about 99 weight percent and still more preferably 50 weight percent to about 99 weight percent.
The present invention further provides compositions as listed in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Components | Concentration ranges (wt%) | ||
Preferred | More preferred | Most preferred | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32 | 1-99/99-1 | 50-99/50-1 | 95/5 97/3 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a | 1-99/99-1 | 40-99/60-1 | 90/10 |
HFC-1225ye/CO2 | 0.1-99.9/99.9-0.1 | 70-99.3/30-0.3 | 99/1 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf | 1-99/99-1 | 51-99/49-1 | 60/40 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/HFC-32 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 50-98/1-40/1-40 | 85/10/5 81/15/4 82/15/3 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/CO2 | 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 | 50-98/1-40/0.3-30 | 84/15/1 84/15.5/0.5 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/propane | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 50-98/1-40/1-20 | 85/13/2 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/i-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 50-98/1-40/1-20 | 85/13/2 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 50-98/1-40/1-20 | 85/13/2 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC- 152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 40-98/1-50/1-40 | 76/9/15 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-32 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 20-98/1-50/1-40 | 88/9/3 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-161 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 40-98/1-50/1-20 | 86/10/4 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/CO2 | 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 | 40-98/1-50/0.3-30 | 88.5/11/0.5 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/propane | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 40-98/1-50/1-20 | 87/10/3 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/i-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 40-98/1-50/1-20 | 87/10/3 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 40-98/1-50/1-20 | 87/10/3 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/HFC-32 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 40-98/1-50/1-40 | 88/9/3 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134a | 1-99/99-1 | 30-99/70-1 | 90/10 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-32 | 1-99/99-1 | 40-99/60-1 | 95/5 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-152a | 1-99/99-1 | 40-99/60-1 | 80/20 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a | 1-99/99-1 | 30-99/70-1 | 90/10 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32 | 1-99/99-1 | 40-99/60-1 | 95/5 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a | 1-99/99-1 | 40-99/60-1 | 80/20 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC- 152a/HFC-32 | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/0.1-97 | 20-97/1-80/1- 50/0.1-50 | 74/8/17/1 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 134a | 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 | 10-90/10-90/0.1-50 | 70/20/10 and 20/70/20 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-32 | 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 | 10-90/10-90/0.1-50 | 25/73/2, 75/23/2, and 49/49/2 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 152a | 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 | 10-90/10-90/0.1-50 | 70/25/5 and 25/70/5 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 125 | 1-98/1-98/0.1-98 | 10-90/10-90/0.1-50 | 25/71/4, 75/21/4, 75/24/1 and 25/74/1 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye/H FC-1234yf/ CF3I | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 9-90/9-90/1-60 | 40/40/20 and 45/45/10 |
HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-1225ye | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/5-70 | 30/30/40 and 23/25/52 |
HFC-32/HFC-125/trans-HFC- 1234ze | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/5-70 | 30/50/20 and 23/25/52 |
HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-1234yf | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/5-70 | 40/50/10, 23/25/52, 15/45/40, and 10/60/30 |
HFC-125/HFC-1225ye/n-butane | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/1-20 | 65/32/3 and 85.1/11.5/3.4 |
HFC-125/trans-HFC-1234ze/nbutane | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/1-20 | 66/32/2 and 86.1/11.5/2.4 |
HFC-125/HFC-1234yf/n-butane | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/1-20 | 67/32/1 and 87.1/11.5/1.4 |
HFC-125/HFC-1225ye/isobutane | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/1-20 | 85.1/11.5/3.4 and 65/32/3 |
HFC-125/trans-HFC- 1234ze/isobutane | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/1-20 | 86.1/11.5/2.4 and 66/32/2 |
HFC-125/HFC-1234yf/isobutane | 0.1-98/0.1- 98/0.1-98 | 5-70/5-70/1-20 | 87.1/11.5/1.4 and 67/32/1 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/HFC-143a | 1-50/1-98/1-98 | 15-50/20-80/5-60 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/isobutane | 1-40/59-98/1-30 | 10-40/59-90/1-10 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-125/HFC-143a | 1-60/1-98/1-98 | 10-60/20-70/20-70 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-125/isobutane | 1-40/59-98/1-20 | 10-40/59-90/1-10 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134/propane | 1-80/1-70/19-90 | 20-80/10-70/19-50 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134/DME | 1-70/1-98/29-98 | 20-70/10-70/29-50 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/propane | 1-80/1-80/19-98 | 10-80/10-80/19-50 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-143a/propane | 1-80/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-50 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-143a/DME | 1-40/59-98/1-20 | 5-40/59-90/1-10 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a/isobutane | 1-98/1-90/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a/DME | 1-70/1-98/1-98 | 10-70/10-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-227ea/propane | 1-80/1-70/29-98 | 10-60/10-60/29-50 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-227ea/n-butane | 40-98/1-59/1-20 | 50-98/10-49/1-10 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC- 227ea/isobutane | 30-98/1-69/1-30 | 50-98/10-49/1-10 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-227ea/DME | 1-98/1-80/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1234yf/n-butane/DME | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | 10-80/10-40/1-20 | |
HFC-1234yf/isobutane/DME | 1-98/1-50/1-98 | 10-90/1-40/1-20 | |
HFC-1234yf/DME/CF3l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/1-20/10-80 | |
HFC-1234yf/DME/CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-40/1-80 | 10-80/1-20/10-70 | |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC- 1234ze/HFC-134 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC- 1234ze/HFC-227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC- 1234ze/propane | 1-60/1-60/39-98 | 10-60/10-60/39-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC1234ze/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC- 1234ze/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC-1234ze/ CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf/HFC- 134 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf/nbutane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC- 1243zf/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf/CF3l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/HFC-152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-50 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/HFC- 227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/n-butane | 1-98/1-90/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/isobutane | 1-98/1-90/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye/HFC-227ea/DME | 40-98/1-59/1-30 | 50-98/1-49/1-20 | |
HFC-1225ye/n-butane/DME | 1-98/1-30/1-98 | 60-98/1-20/1-20 | |
HFC-1225ye/n-butane/CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-20/1-98 | 10-80/1-10/10-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/isobutane/DME | 1-98/1-60/1-98 | 40-90/1-30/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/isobutane/CF3l | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | 10-80/1-30/10-80 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- 1243zf/HFC-227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-1243zf/nbutane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | 10-80/10-80/1-20 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- 1243zf/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- 1243zf/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-40 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- 134/HFC-152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-50 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- 134/HFC-227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- 134a/HFC-152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-50 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-152a/nbutane | 1-98/1-98/1-50 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- 152a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 20-90/1-50/1-30 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-227ea/nbutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/n-butane/DME | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | 10-90/1-30/1-30 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/n-butane/CF3l | 1-98/1-30/1-98 | 10-80/1-20/10-80 | |
trans-HFC- 1234ze/isobutane/DME | 1-98/1-60/1-98 | 10-90/1-30/1-30 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/isobutane/ CFsl | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | 10-80/1-20/10-80 | |
trans-HFC-1234ze/isobutane/ CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | 10-80/1-20/10-80 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/HFC- 227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/CFsl | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/10-80 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134a/HFC- 152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/10-80/1-50 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134a/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/10-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/propane | 1-70/1-70/29-98 | 10-70/1-50/29-40 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | 10-80/1-80/1-20 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/1-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/1-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-227ea/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 10-80/1-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC- 227ea/isobutane | 1-98/1-90/1-50 | 10-80/1-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-227ea/DME | 1-98/1-80/1-90 | 10-80/1-80/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/n-butane/DME | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | 10-90/1-30/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/isobutane/DME | 1-98/1-60/1-98 | 10-90/1-30/1-30 | |
HFC-1243zf/isobutane/CF3l | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | 10-80/1-30/10-80 | |
HFC-1243zf/DME/CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-40/1-90 | 10-80/1-30/10-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32/CF3l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 5-80/1-70/1-80 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 32/HFC-125 | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97/1-97 | 1-80/1-70/5-70/5-70 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 32/HFC-134a | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97/1-97 | 5-70/5-70/5-80/5-70 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC32/HFC-125/CF3l | 1-96/1-96/1- 96/1-96/1-96 | 1-70/1-60/1-70/1- 60/1-60 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32/HFC- 125/HFC-152a | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97/1-97 | 10-80/5-70/5-70/5- 70 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32/HFC- 125/isobutane | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97/1-97 | 5-70/5-70/5-70/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32/HFC- 125/propane | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97/1-50 | 5-70/5-70/5-70/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32/HFC- 125/DME | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97/1-50 | 5-70/5-70/5-70/1-30 | |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32/CF3l/DME | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97/1-50 | 5-70/5-70/5-70/1-30 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-125ye/HFC-32/HFC- 125/CFsl | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97 | 10-80/5-70/5-70/1- 80 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/CF3l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/1-70/1-80 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/HFC- 134a/CF3l | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97 | 5-70/5-80/1-70/5-70 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/HFC-125 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 10-80/5-80/10-80 | |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/HFC- 125/CF3I | 1-97/1-97/1- 97/1-97 | 10-80/5-70/10-80/5- 80 |
The most preferred compositions of the present invention listed in Table 2 are generally expected to maintain the desired properties and functionality when the components are present in the concentrations as 5 listed +/- 2 weight percent. The compositions containing CO2 would be expected to maintain the desired properties and functionality when the CO2 was present at the listed concentration +/- 0.2 weight percent.
The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic compositions. By azeotropic composition is meant a 10 constant-boiling mixture of two or more substances that behave as a single substance. One way to characterize an azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has the same composition as the liquid from which it is evaporated or distilled, i.e., the mixture distills/refluxes without compositional change.
Constant-boiling compositions are characterized as azeotropic because they exhibit either a maximum or minimum boiling point, as compared with that of the non-azeotropic mixture of the same compounds. An azeotropic composition will not fractionate within a refrigeration or air conditioning system during operation, which may reduce efficiency of the system.
Additionally, an azeotropic composition will not fractionate upon leakage from a refrigeration or air conditioning system. In the situation where one component of a mixture is flammable, fractionation during leakage could lead to a flammable composition either within the system or outside of the system.
A near-azeotropic composition (also commonly referred to as an “azeotrope-like composition”) is a substantially constant boiling liquid admixture of two or more substances that behaves essentially as a single substance. One way to characterize a near-azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has
2018203293 11 May 2018 substantially the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without substantial composition change. Another way to characterize a nearazeotropic composition is that the bubble point vapor pressure and the 5 dew point vapor pressure of the composition at a particular temperature are substantially the same. Herein, a composition is near-azeotropic if, after 50 weight percent of the composition is removed, such as by evaporation or boiling off, the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent of the original composition has been removed is less than about 10 percent.
Azeotropic compositions of the present invention at a specified temperature are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Component A | Component B | Wt% A | Wt% B | Psia | kPa | T(C) |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-32 | 7.4 | 92.6 | 49.2 | 339 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-125 | 10.9 | 89.1 | 40.7 | 281 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134a | 70.4 | 29.6 | 18.4 | 127 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-152a | 91.0 | 9.0 | 17.9 | 123 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-143a | 17.3 | 82.7 | 39.5 | 272 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-227ea | 84.6 | 15.4 | 18.0 | 124 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | propane | 51.5 | 48.5 | 33.5 | 231 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | n-butane | 98.1 | 1.9 | 17.9 | 123 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | isobutane | 88.1 | 11.9 | 19.0 | 131 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | DME | 53.5 | 46.5 | 13.1 | 90 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | trans-HFC- 1234ze | 63.0 | 37.0 | 11.7 | 81 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-1243zf | 40.0 | 60.0 | 13.6 | 94 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-134 | 52.2 | 47.8 | 12.8 | 88 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-152a | 7.3 | 92.7 | 14.5 | 100 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | propane | 29.7 | 70.3 | 30.3 | 209 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | n-butane | 89.5 | 10.5 | 12.3 | 85 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | isobutane | 79.3 | 20.7 | 13.9 | 96 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | DME | 82.1 | 17.9 | 10.8 | 74 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | CF3SCF3 | 37.0 | 63.0 | 12.4 | 85 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | HFC-1243zf | 17.0 | 83.0 | 13.0 | 90 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | HFC-134 | 45.7 | 54.3 | 12.5 | 86 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | HFC-134a | 9.5 | 90.5 | 15.5 | 107 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | HFC-152a | 21.6 | 78.4 | 14.6 | 101 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | HFC-227ea | 59.2 | 40.8 | 11.7 | 81 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | propane | 28.5 | 71.5 | 30.3 | 209 | -25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
trans- HFC-1234ze | n-butane | 88.6 | 11.4 | 11.9 | 82 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | isobutane | 77.9 | 22.1 | 12.9 | 89 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | DME | 84.1 | 15.9 | 10.8 | 74 | -25 |
trans- HFC-1234ze | CF3SCF3 | 34.3 | 65.7 | 12.7 | 88 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134 | 63.0 | 37.0 | 13.5 | 93 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134A | 25.1 | 74.9 | 15.9 | 110 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-152A | 40.7 | 59.3 | 15.2 | 104 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-227ea | 78.5 | 21.5 | 13.1 | 90 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | propane | 32.8 | 67.2 | 31.0 | 213 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | n-butane | 90.3 | 9.7 | 13.5 | 93 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | isobutane | 80.7 | 19.3 | 14.3 | 98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | DME | 72.7 | 27.3 | 12.0 | 83 | -25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | HFC-236ea | 20.9 | 79.1 | 30.3 | 209 | 25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | HFC-245fa | 76.2 | 23.8 | 26.1 | 180 | 25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | n-butane | 51.4 | 48.6 | 6.08 | 42 | -25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | isobutane | 26.2 | 73.8 | 8.74 | 60 | -25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | 2-methylbutane | 86.6 | 13.4 | 27.2 | 188 | 25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | n-pentane | 92.9 | 7.1 | 26.2 | 181 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | HFC-236ea | 24.0 | 76.0 | 3.35 | 23.1 | -25 |
HFC-1234ye | HFC-245fa | 42.5 | 57.5 | 22.8 | 157 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | n-butane | 41.2 | 58.8 | 38.0 | 262 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | isobutane | 16.4 | 83.6 | 50.9 | 351 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | 2-methylbutane | 80.3 | 19.7 | 23.1 | 159 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | n-pentane | 87.7 | 12.3 | 21.8 | 150 | 25 |
Additionally, ternary azeotropes composition have been found as listed in Table 4.
TABLE 4
Component A | Component B | Component C | Wt% A | Wt% B | Wt% C | Pres (Psi) | Pres (kPa) | Temp (°C) |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-32 | HFC-143A | 3.9 | 74.3 | 21.8 | 50.02 | 345 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-32 | isobutane | 1.1 | 92.1 | 6.8 | 50.05 | 345 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-125 | HFC-143A | 14.4 | 43.5 | 42.1 | 38.62 | 266 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-125 | isobutane | 9.7 | 89.1 | 1.2 | 40.81 | 281 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134 | propane | 4.3 | 39.1 | 56.7 | 34.30 | 236 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134 | DME | 15.2 | 67.0 | 17.8 | 10.38 | 71.6 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134a | propane | 24.5 | 31.1 | 44.5 | 34.01 | 234 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134a | n-butane | 60.3 | 35.2 | 4.5 | 18.58 | 128 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134a | isobutane | 48.6 | 37.2 | 14.3 | 19.86 | 137 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134a | DME | 24.0 | 67.9 | 8.1 | 17.21 | 119 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-143a | propane | 17.7 | 71.0 | 11.3 | 40.42 | 279 | -25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1234yf | HFC-143a | DME | 5.7 | 93.0 | 1.3 | 39.08 | 269 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-152a | n-butane | 86.6 | 10.8 | 2.7 | 17.97 | 124 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-152a | isobutane | 75.3 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 19.12 | 132 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-152a | DME | 24.6 | 43.3 | 32.1 | 11.78 | 81.2 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-227ea | propane | 35.6 | 17.8 | 46.7 | 33.84 | 233 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-227ea | n-butane | 81.9 | 16.0 | 2.1 | 18.07 | 125 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-227ea | isobutane | 70.2 | 18.2 | 11.6 | 19.27 | 133 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-227ea | DME | 28.3 | 55.6 | 16.1 | 15.02 | 104 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | n-butane | DME | 48.9 | 4.6 | 46.4 | 13.15 | 90.7 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | isobutane | DME | 31.2 | 26.2 | 42.6 | 14.19 | 97.8 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | DME | CFsl | 16.3 | 10.0 | 73.7 | 15.65 | 108 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | DME | CF3SCF3 | 34.3 | 10.5 | 55.2 | 14.57 | 100 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-134 | 47.4 | 5.6 | 47.0 | 12.77 | 88.0 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-227ea | 28.4 | 52.6 | 19.0 | 11.63 | 80.2 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | trans-HFC- 1234ze | propane | 20.9 | 9.1 | 70.0 | 30.36 | 209 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | trans-HFC- 1234ze | n-butane | 65.8 | 24.1 | 10.1 | 12.39 | 85.4 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | trans-HFC- 1234ze | DME | 41.0 | 40.1 | 18.9 | 10.98 | 75.7 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | trans-HFC- 1234ze | CF3SCF3 | 1.0 | 33.7 | 65.2 | 12.66 | 87.3 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-1243zf | HFC-134 | 28.7 | 47.3 | 24.1 | 13.80 | 95.1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-1243zf | n-butane | 37.5 | 55.0 | 7.5 | 13.95 | 96.2 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-1243zf | isobutane | 40.5 | 43.2 | 16.3 | 14.83 | 102 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-1243zf | DME | 19.1 | 51.0 | 29.9 | 12.15 | 83.8 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-1243zf | CF3I | 10.3 | 27.3 | 62.3 | 14.05 | 96.9 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-134 | HFC-152a | 63.6 | 26.8 | 9.6 | 12.38 | 85.4 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-134 | HFC-227ea | 1.3 | 52.3 | 46.4 | 12.32 | 84.9 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-134 | n-butane | 18.1 | 67.1 | 14.9 | 14.54 | 100 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-134 | isobutane | 0.7 | 74.0 | 25.3 | 16.68 | 115 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-134 | DME | 29.8 | 52.5 | 17.8 | 9.78 | 67.4 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-227ea | DME | 63.1 | 31.0 | 5.8 | 10.93 | 75.4 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | n-butane | DME | 66.0 | 13.0 | 21.1 | 11.34 | 78.2 | -25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye | n-butane | CF3SCF3 | 71.3 | 5.6 | 23.0 | 12.25 | 84.5 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | isobutane | DME | 49.9 | 29.7 | 20.4 | 12.83 | 88.5 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | isobutane | CF3I | 27.7 | 2.2 | 70.1 | 13.19 | 90.9 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-1243zf | HFC-227ea | 7.1 | 73.7 | 19.2 | 13.11 | 90.4 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-1243zf | n-butane | 9.5 | 81.2 | 9.3 | 13.48 | 92.9 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-1243zf | isobutane | 3.3 | 77.6 | 19.1 | 14.26 | 98.3 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-1243zf | DME | 2.6 | 70.0 | 27.4 | 12.03 | 82.9 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-134 | HFC-152a | 52.0 | 42.9 | 5.1 | 12.37 | 85.3 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-134 | HFC-227ea | 30.0 | 43.2 | 26.8 | 12.61 | 86.9 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-134 | DME | 27.7 | 54.7 | 17.7 | 9.76 | 67.3 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-134a | HFC-152a | 14.4 | 34.7 | 51.0 | 14.42 | 99.4 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-152a | n-butane | 5.4 | 80.5 | 14.1 | 15.41 | 106 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-152a | DME | 59.1 | 16.4 | 24.5 | 10.80 | 74.5 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | HFC-227ea | n-butane | 40.1 | 48.5 | 11.3 | 12.61 | 86.9 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | n-butane | DME | 68.1 | 13.0 | 18.9 | 11.29 | 77.8 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | n-butane | CF3I | 81.2 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 11.87 | 81.8 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | isobutane | DME | 55.5 | 28.7 | 15.8 | 12.38 | 85.4 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | isobutane | CF3I | 34.9 | 6.1 | 59.0 | 12.57 | 86.7 | -25 |
trans-HFC- 1234ze | isobutane | CF3SCF3 | 37.7 | 1.1 | 61.7 | 12.66 | 87.3 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134 | HFC-227ea | 58.6 | 34.1 | 7.3 | 13.54 | 93.4 | -25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134 | n-butane | 27.5 | 58.7 | 13.9 | 14.72 | 101 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134 | DME | 18.7 | 63.5 | 17.8 | 10.11 | 69.7 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134 | CFsl | 11.4 | 23.9 | 64.7 | 14.45 | 99.6 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134a | HFC-152a | 41.5 | 21.5 | 37.1 | 14.95 | 103 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134A | n-butane | 7.0 | 81.4 | 11.6 | 17.03 | 117 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-152a | propane | 2.9 | 34.0 | 63.0 | 31.73 | 219 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-152a | n-butane | 28.8 | 60.3 | 11.0 | 15.71 | 108 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-152a | isobutane | 6.2 | 68.5 | 25.3 | 17.05 | 118 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-152a | DME | 33.1 | 36.8 | 30.1 | 11.41 | 78.7 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-227ea | n-butane | 62.0 | 28.4 | 9.6 | 13.67 | 94.3 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-227ea | isobutane | 27.9 | 51.0 | 21.1 | 15.00 | 103 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-227ea | DME | 48.1 | 44.8 | 7.2 | 12.78 | 88.1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | n-butane | DME | 60.3 | 10.1 | 29.6 | 12.28 | 84.7 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | isobutane | DME | 47.1 | 26.9 | 25.9 | 13.16 | 90.7 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | isobutane | CFsl | 32.8 | 1.1 | 66.1 | 13.97 | 96.3 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | DME | CF3SCF3 | 41.1 | 2.3 | 56.6 | 13.60 | 93.8 | -25 |
The near-azeotropic compositions of the present invention at a specified temperature are listed in Table 5.
TABLE 5
Component A | Component B | (wt% A/wt% B) | T(C) |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-32 | 1-57/99-43 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-125 | 1-51/99-49 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134 | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-134a | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-152a | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-161 | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-143a | 1-60/99-40 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-227ea | 29-99/71-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-236fa | 66-99/34-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-1225ye | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | trans-HFC-1234ze | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | HFC-1243zf | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | propane | 1-80/99-20 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | n-butane | 71-99/29-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | isobutane | 60-99/40-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf | DME | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | trans-HFC-1234ze | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-1243zf | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-134 | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-134a | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye | HFC-152a | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-161 | 1-84/99-16, 9099/10-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-227ea | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-236ea | 57-99/43-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-236fa | 48-99/52-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | HFC-245fa | 70-99/30-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | propane | 1-72/99-28 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | n-butane | 65-99/35-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | isobutane | 50-99/50-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | DME | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | CFsl | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye | CF3SCF3 | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | trans-HFC-1234ze | 73-99/27-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-1243zf | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-134 | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-134a | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-152a | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-161 | 1-52/99-48, 8799/13-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-227ea | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-236ea | 54-99/46-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-236fa | 44-99/56-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | HFC-245fa | 67-99/33-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | propane | 1-71/99-29 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | n-butane | 62-99/38-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | isobutane | 39-99/61-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | DME | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | CF3SCF3 | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze | CFsl | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134 | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-134a | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-152a | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-161 | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-227ea | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-236ea | 53-99/47-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-236fa | 49-99/51-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | HFC-245fa | 66-99/34-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | propane | 1-71/99-29 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | n-butane | 62-99/38-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | isobutane | 45-99/55-1 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf | DME | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | HFC-236ea | 1-99/99-1 | 25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | HFC-236fa | 1-99/99-1 | 25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | HFC-245fa | 1-99/99-1 | 25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | n-butane | 1-80/99-20 | -25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
cis- HFC-1234ze | isobutane | 1-69/99-31 | -25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | 2-methylbutane | 60-99/40-1 | 25 |
cis- HFC-1234ze | n-pentane | 63-99/37-1 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | HFC-134 | 38-99/62-1 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | HFC-236ea | 1-99/99-1 | -25 |
HFC-1234ye | HFC-236fa | 1-99/99-1 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | HFC-245fa | 1-99/99-1 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | cis-HFC-1234ze | 1-99/99-1 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | n-butane | 1-78/99-22 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | cyclopentane | 70-99/30-1 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | isobutane | 1-68/99-32 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | 2-methylbutane | 47-99/53-1 | 25 |
HFC-1234ye | n-pentane | 57-99/43-1 | 25 |
Ternary and higher order near-azeotrope compositions comprising fluoroolefin have also been identified as listed in Table 6.
TABL | E6 | |
Components | Near-azeotrope range (weight percent) | Temp (°C) |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-161 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-20 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-50 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-125 | 1-98/1-98/1-20 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/CF3l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | 25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC- 152a/HFC-32 | 1-97/1-97/1-97/1-10 | 25 |
HFC-125/HFC-1225ye/isobutane | 80-98/1-19/1-10 | 25 |
HFC-125/trans-HFC- 1234ze/isobutane | 80-98/1-19/1-10 | 25 |
HFC-125/HFC-1234yf/isobutane | 80-98/1-19/1-10 | 25 |
HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-1225ye | 1-98/1-98/1-4 | 25 |
HFC-32/HFC-125//trans-HFC-1234ze | 1-98/1-98/1-5 | 25 |
HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-1234yf | 1-98/1-98/1-55 | 25 |
HFC-125/trans-HFC-1234ze/n-butane | 80-98/1-19/1-10 | 25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-125/HFC-1234yf/n-butane | 80-98/1-19/1-10 | 25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/HFC-143a | 1-50/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32/isobutane | 1-40/59-98/1-30 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-125/HFC-143a | 1-60/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-125/isobutane | 1-40/59-98/1-20 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134/propane | 1-80/1-70/19-90 | -25 |
H FC-1234yf/H FC-134/D Μ E | 1-70/1-98/29-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/propane | 1-80/1-80/19-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-143a/propane | 1-80/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-143a/DME | 1-40/59-98/1-20 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a/isobutane | 1-98/1-90/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a/DME | 1-70/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-227ea/propane | 1-80/1-70/29-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-227ea/n-butane | 40-98/1-59/1-20 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-227ea/isobutane | 30-98/1-69/1-30 | -25 |
H FC-1234yf/H FC-227ea/D Μ E | 1-98/1-80/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/n-butane/DME | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/isobutane/DME | 1-98/1-50/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/DME/CF3l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1234yf/DME/CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-40/1-80 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC- 1234ze/HFC-134 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC1234ze/HFC-227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC- 1234ze/propane | 1-60/1-60/39-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC-1234ze/nbutane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC-1234ze/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC-1234ze/ cf3scf3 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf/HFC-134 | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
H FC-1225ye/H FC-1243zf/D Μ E | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf/CF3l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/HFC-152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/HFC-227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/n-butane | 1-98/1-90/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/isobutane | 1-98/1-90/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-227ea/DME | 40-98/1-59/1-30 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/n-butane/DME | 1-98/1-30/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/n-butane/CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-20/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/isobutane/DME | 1-98/1-60/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1225ye/isobutane/CF3l | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-1243zf/HFC- 227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-1243zf/nbutane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC- 1243zf/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-1243zf/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134/HFC- 152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134/HFC- 227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134a/HFC- 152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-152a/nbutane | 1-98/1-98/1-50 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-152a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-227ea/nbutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/n-butane/DME | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/n-butane/CF3l | 1-98/1-30/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/isobutane/DME | 1-98/1-60/1-98 | -25 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
trans-HFC-1234ze/isobutane/ CF3I | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | -25 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/isobutane/ CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/HFC-227ea | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134/CF3l | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134a/HFC-152a | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134a/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/propane | 1-70/1-70/29-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-30 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/isobutane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a/DME | 1-98/1-98/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-227ea/n-butane | 1-98/1-98/1-40 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-227ea/isobutane | 1-98/1-90/1-50 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-227ea/DME | 1-98/1-80/1-90 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/n-butane/DME | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/isobutane/DME | 1-98/1-60/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/isobutane/CF3l | 1-98/1-40/1-98 | -25 |
HFC-1243zf/DME/CF3SCF3 | 1-98/1-40/1-90 | -25 |
Certain of the compositions of the present invention are nonazeotropic compositions. Those compositions of the present invention falling within the preferred ranges of Table 2, but outside of the near5 azeotropic ranges of Table 5 and Table 6 may be considered to be nonazeotropic.
A non-azeotropic composition may have certain advantages over azetropic or near azeotropic mixtures. A non-azeotropic composition is a mixture of two or more substances that behaves as a mixture rather than a single substance. One way to characterize a non-azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has a substantially different composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes with substantial composition change. Another way to characterize a non15 azeotropic composition is that the bubble point vapor pressure and the dew point vapor pressure of the composition at a particular temperature
2018203293 11 May 2018 are substantially different. Herein, a composition is non-azeotropic if, after 50 weight percent of the composition is removed, such as by evaporation or boiling off, the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent of the 5 original composition has been removed is greater than about 10 percent.
The compositions of the present invention may be prepared by any convenient method to combine the desired amounts of the individual components. A preferred method is to weigh the desired component amounts and thereafter combine the components in an appropriate vessel. 10 Agitation may be used, if desired.
An alternative means for making compositions of the present invention may be a method for making a refrigerant blend composition, wherein said refrigerant blend composition comprises a composition as disclosed herein, said method comprising (i) reclaiming a volume of one or 15 more components of a refrigerant composition from at least one refrigerant container, (ii) removing impurities sufficiently to enable reuse of said one or more of the reclaimed components, (iii) and optionally, combining all or part of said reclaimed volume of components with at least one additional refrigerant composition or component.
A refrigerant container may be any container in which is stored a refrigerant blend composition that has been used in a refrigeration apparatus, air-conditioning apparatus or heat pump apparatus. Said refrigerant container may be the refrigeration apparatus, air-conditioning apparatus or heat pump apparatus in which the refrigerant blend was used. Additionally, the refrigerant container may be a storage container for collecting reclaimed refrigerant blend components, including but not limited to pressurized gas cylinders.
Residual refrigerant means any amount of refrigerant blend or refrigerant blend component that may be moved out of the refrigerant 30 container by any method known for transferring refrigerant blends or refrigerant blend components.
Impurities may be any component that is in the refrigerant blend or refrigerant blend component due to its use in a refrigeration apparatus, airconditioning apparatus or heat pump apparatus. Such impurities include 35 but are not limited to refrigeration lubricants, being those described earlier herein, particulates including but not limited to metal, metal salt or elastomer particles, that may have come out of the refrigeration apparatus,
2018203293 11 May 2018 air-conditioning apparatus or heat pump apparatus, and any other contaminants that may adversely effect the performance of the refrigerant blend composition.
Such impurities may be removed sufficiently to allow reuse of the refrigerant blend or refrigerant blend component without adversely effecting the performance or equipment within which the refrigerant blend or refrigerant blend component will be used.
It may be necessary to provide additional refrigerant blend or refrigerant blend component to the residual refrigerant blend or refrigerant 10 blend component in order to produce a composition that meets the specifications required for a given product. For instance, if a refrigerant blend has 3 components in a particular weight percentage range, it may be necessary to add one or more of the components in a given amount in order to restore the composition to within the specification limits.
Compositions of the present invention have zero or low ozone depletion potential and low global warming potential (GWP). Additionally, the compositions of the present invention will have global warming potentials that are less than many hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants currently in use. One aspect of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant with 20 a global warming potential of less than 1000, less than 500, less than 150, less than 100, or less than 50. Another aspect of the present invention is to reduce the net GWP of refrigerant mixtures by adding fluoroolefins to said mixtures.
The compositions of the present invention may be useful as low global warming potential (GWP) replacements for currently used refrigerants, including but not limited to R134a (orHFC-134a, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane), R22 (or HCFC-22, chlorodifluoromethane), R123 (or HFC-123, 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), R11 (CFC-11, fluorotrichloromethane), R12 (CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane), R245fa (or HFC-245fa, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane), R114 (orCFC-114, 1,2dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane), R236fa (or HFC-236fa, 1,1,1,3,3,3hexafluoropropane), R124 (orHCFC-124, 2-chloro-1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane), R407C (ASHRAE designation for a blend of 52 weight percent R134a, 25 weight percent R125 (pentafluoroethane), and 23 weight percent R32 (difluoromethane), R410A (ASHRAE designation for a blend of 50 weight percent R125 and 50 weight percent R32), R417A, (ASHRAE designation for a blend of 46.6 weight percent R125, 50.0
2018203293 11 May 2018 weight percent R134a, and 3.4 weight percent n-butane), R422A (ASHRAE designation for a blend of 85.1 weight percent R125, 11.5 weight percent R134a, and 3.4 weight percent isobutane), R404A, (ASHRAE designation for a blend of 44 weight percent R125, 52 weight percent R143a (1,1,1 -trifluoroethane), and 4.0 weight percent R134a) and R507A (ASHRAE designation for a blend of 50 weight percent R125 and 50 weight percent R143a). Additionally, the compositions of the present invention may be useful as replacements for R12 (CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane) or R502 (ASHRAE designation for a blend of
51.2 weight percent CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane) and 48.8 weight percent HCFC-22).
Often replacement refrigerants are most useful if capable of being used in the original refrigeration equipment designed for a different refrigerant. The compositions of the present invention may be useful as 15 replacements for the above-mentioned refrigerants in original equipment. Additionally, the compositions of the present invention may be useful as replacements for the above mentioned refrigerants in equipment designed to use the above-mentioned refrigerants.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a 20 lubricant.
Lubricants of the present invention comprise refrigeration lubricants, i.e. those lubricants suitable for use with refrigeration, airconditioning, or heat pump apparatus. Among these lubricants are those conventionally used in compression refrigeration apparatus utilizing chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants. Such lubricants and their properties are discussed in the 1990 ASHRAE Handbook, Refrigeration Systems and Applications, chapter 8, titled Lubricants in Refrigeration Systems, pages 8.1 through 8.21. Lubricants of the present invention may comprise those commonly known as “mineral oils” in the field of compression refrigeration lubrication. Mineral oils comprise paraffins (i.e. straight-chain and branched-carbon-chain, saturated hydrocarbons), naphthenes (i.e. cyclic paraffins) and aromatics (i.e. unsaturated, cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more rings characterized by alternating double bonds). Lubricants of the present invention further comprise those commonly known as “synthetic oils” in the field of compression refrigeration lubrication.
Synthetic oils comprise alkylaryls (i.e. linear and branched alkyl alkylbenzenes), synthetic paraffins and napthenes, and poly(alphaolefins).
2018203293 11 May 2018
Representative conventional lubricants of the present invention are the commercially available BVM 100 N (paraffinic mineral oil sold by BVA Oils), Suniso® 3GS and Suniso® 5GS (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Crompton Co.), Sontex® 372LT (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Pennzoil), 5 Calumet® RO-30 (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Calumet Lubricants), Zerol® 75, Zerol® 150 and Zerol® 500 (linear alkylbenzenes sold by Shrieve Chemicals) and HAB 22 (branched alkylbenzene sold by Nippon Oil).
Lubricants of the present invention further comprise those that have 10 been designed for use with hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants and are miscible with refrigerants of the present invention under compression refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus’ operating conditions. Such lubricants and their properties are discussed in “Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Fluids”, R. L. Shubkin, editor, 15 Marcel Dekker, 1993. Such lubricants include, but are not limited to, polyol esters (POEs) such as Castrol® 100 (Castrol, United Kingdom), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) such as RL-488A from Dow (Dow Chemical, Midland, Michigan), and polyvinyl ethers (PVEs). These lubricants are readily available from various commercial sources.
Lubricants of the present invention are selected by considering a given compressor’s requirements and the environment to which the lubricant will be exposed. Lubricants of the present invention preferably have a kinematic viscosity of at least about 5 cs (centistokes) at 40°C.
Commonly used refrigeration system additives may optionally be 25 added, as desired, to compositions of the present invention in order to enhance lubricity and system stability. These additives are generally known within the field of refrigeration compressor lubrication, and include anti wear agents, extreme pressure lubricants, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, metal surface deactivators, free radical scavengers, foaming 30 and antifoam control agents, leak detectants and the like. In general, these additives are present only in small amounts relative to the overall lubricant composition. They are typically used at concentrations of from less than about 0.1 % to as much as about 3 % of each additive. These additives are selected on the basis of the individual system requirements. 35 Some typical examples of such additives may include, but are not limited to, lubrication enhancing additives, such as alkyl or aryl esters of phosphoric acid and of thiophosphates. Additionally, the metal dialkyl
2018203293 11 May 2018 dithiophosphates (e.g. zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate orZDDP, Lubrizol 1375) and other members of this family of chemicals may be used in compositions of the present invention. Other antiwear additives include natural product oils and assymetrical polyhydroxyl lubrication additives 5 such as Synergol TMS (International Lubricants). Similarly, stabilizers such as anti oxidants, free radical scavengers, and water scavengers may be employed. Compounds in this category can include, but are not limited to, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and epoxides.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise about 0.01 weight percent to about 5 weight percent of an additive such as, for example, a stabilizer, free radical scavenger and/or antioxidant. Such additives include but are not limited to, nitromethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites, or lactones. Single additives or combinations may be used.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise about 0.01 weight percent to about 5 weight percent of a water scavenger (drying compound). Such water scavengers may comprise ortho esters such as trimethyl-, triethyl-, or tripropylortho formate.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a 20 tracer selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N2O) and combinations thereof. The tracer compounds are added to the compositions in previously determined quantities to allow detection of any dilution, contamination or other alteration of the composition, as described in U. S. Patent application serial no. 11/062044, filed February 18, 2005. Typical tracer compounds for use in the present compositions are listed in Table 7.
TABLE 7
Compound | Structure |
Deuterated hydrocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons | |
Ethane-d6 | CD3CD3 |
Propane-d8 | CD3CD2CD3 |
HFC-32-d2 | CD2F2 |
HFC-134a-d2 | CD2FCF3 |
HFC-143a-d3 | CD3CF3 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-125-d | CDF2CF3 |
HFC-227ea-d | CF3CDFCF3 |
HFC-227ca-d | CF3CF2CDF2 |
HFC-134-d2 | CDF2CDF2 |
HFC-236fa-d2 | CF3CD2CF3 |
HFC-245cb-d3 | CF3CF2CD3 |
HFC-263fb-d2* | CF3CD2CH3 |
HFC-263fb-d3 | CF2CH2CD3 |
Fluoroethers | |
HFOC-125E | CHF2OCF3 |
HFOC-134aE | CH2FOCF3 |
HFOC-143aE | CH3OCF3 |
HFOC-227eaE | CF3OCHFCF3 |
HFOC-236faE | CF3OCH2CF3 |
HFOC-245faE3y or HFOC245faE«3 | CHF2OCH2CF3 (or CHF2CH2OCF3) |
HFOC-245cbEpy or HFOC-245cba3 | CH3OCF2CF3 (or CH3CF2OCF3) |
HFE-42-11 mcc (or Freon® E1) | CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3 |
Freon® E2 | CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)CF2OCHFCF3 |
Hydrofluorocarbons | |
HFC-23 | CHF3 |
HFC-161 | CH3CH2F |
HFC-152a | CH3CHF2 |
HFC-134 | CHF2CHF2 |
HFC-227ea | CF3CHFCF3 |
HFC-227ca | CHF2CF2CF3 |
HFC-236cb | CH2FCF2CF3 |
HFC-236ea | CF3CHFCHF2 |
HFC-236fa | CF3CH2CF3 |
HFC-245cb | CF3CF2CH3 |
HFC-245fa | CHF2CH2CF3 |
HFC-254cb | CHF2CF2CH3 |
HFC-254eb | CF3CHFCH3 |
HFC-263fb | CF3CH2CH3 |
HFC-272ca | CH3CF2CH3 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-281ea | CH3CHFCH3 |
HFC-281fa | CH2FCH2CH3 |
HFC-329p | CHF2CF2CF2CF3 |
HFC-329mmz | (CH3)2CHCF3 |
HFC-338mf | CF3CH2CF2CF3 |
HFC-338pcc | CHF2CF2CF2CHF2 |
HFC-347S | CH3CF2CF2CF3 |
HFC-43-10mee | CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 |
Perfluorocarbons | |
PFC-116 | CF3CF3 |
PFC-C216 | Cyclo(-CF2CF2CF2-) |
PFC-218 | CF3CF2CF3 |
PFC-C318 | Cyclo(-CF2CF2CF2CF2-) |
PFC-31-10mc | CF3CF2CF2CF3 |
PFC-31-10my | (CF3)2CFCF3 |
PFC-C51-12mycm | Cyclo(-CF(CF3)CF2CF(CF3)CF2-) |
PFC-C51-12mym, trans | Cyclo(-CF2CF(CF3)CF(CF3CF2-) |
PFC-C51-12mym, cis | Cyclo(-CF2CF(CF3)CF(CF3)CF2-) |
Perfluoromethylcyclo-pentane | Cyclo(-CF2CF2(CF3)CF2CF2CF2-) |
Perfluoromethylcyclo-hexane | Cyclo(-CF2CF2(CF3)CF2CF2CF2CF2-) |
Perfluorodimethylcyclo-hexane (ortho, meta, or para) | Cyclo(-CF2CF2(CF3)CF2CF2(CF3)CF2-) |
Perfluoroethylcyclohexane | Cyclo(-CF2CF2(CF2CF3)CF2CF2CF2CF2-) |
Perfluoroindan | C9F10 (see structure below) |
F | |
Perfluorotrimethylcyclo-hexane (all possible isomers) | Cyclo(-CF2(CF3)CF2(CF3)CF2CF2(CF3)CF2-) |
Perfluoroisopropylcyclo-hexane | Cyclo(-CF2CF2(CF2(CF3)2)CF2CF2CF2CF2-) |
Perfluorodecalin (cis or trans, trans | C10F18 (see structure below) |
shown) | fJfII |
2018203293 11 May 2018
Perfluoromethyldecalin (cis or trans and all additional possible isomers)
C11F20 (see structure below)
Brominated compounds | |
Bromomethane | CHsBr |
Bromofluoromethane | CH2FBr |
Bromodifluoromethane | CHF2Br |
Dibromofluoromethane | CHFBr2 |
Tribromomethane | CHBrs |
Bromoethane | CH3CH2Br |
Bromoethene | CH2=CHBr |
1,2-dibromoethane | CH2BrCH2Br |
1 -bromo-1,2-difluoroethene | CFBr=CHF |
lodated compounds | |
lodotrifluoromethane | CFsl |
Difluoroiodomethane | CHF2I |
Fluoroiodomethane | ch2fi |
1,1,2-trif luoro-1 -iodoethane | cf2ich2f |
1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1 -iodoethane | cf2ichf2 |
1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1,2-diiodoethane | cf2icf2i |
lodopentafluorobenzene | CeFsl |
Alcohols | |
Ethanol | CH3CH2OH |
n-propanol | ch3ch2ch2oh |
Isopropanol | CH3CH(OH)CH3 |
Aldehydes and Ketones | |
Acetone (2-propanone) | CH3C(O)CH3 |
n-propanal | ch3ch2cho |
n-butanal | ch3ch2ch2cho |
Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) | CH3C(O)CH2CH3 |
Other | |
Nitrous oxide | n2o |
2018203293 11 May 2018
The compounds listed in Table 7 are available commercially (from chemical supply houses) or may be prepared by processes known in the art.
Single tracer compounds may be used in combination with a refrigeration/heating fluid in the compositions of the present invention or multiple tracer compounds may be combined in any proportion to serve as a tracer blend. The tracer blend may contain multiple tracer compounds from the same class of compounds or multiple tracer compounds from different classes of compounds. For example, a tracer blend may contain 10 2 or more deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, or one deuterated hydrofluorocarbon in combination with one or more perfluorocarbons.
Additionally, some of the compounds in Table 7 exist as multiple isomers, structural or optical. Single isomers or multiple isomers of the same compound may be used in any proportion to prepare the tracer 15 compound. Further, single or multiple isomers of a given compound may be combined in any proportion with any number of other compounds to serve as a tracer blend.
The tracer compound or tracer blend may be present in the compositions at a total concentration of about 50 parts per million by 20 weight (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound or tracer blend is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm and most preferably, the tracer compound or tracer blend is present at a total concentration of about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a 25 compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizer is used to improve solubility of hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in conventional refrigeration lubricants. Refrigeration lubricants are needed to lubricate 30 the compressor of a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus.
The lubricant must move throughout the apparatus with the refrigerant in particular it must return from the non-compressor zones to the compressor to continue to function as lubricant and avoid compressor failure.
Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants are generally not compatible with convention refrigeration lubricants such as mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic napthenes and poly(alpha)olefins. Many replacement lubricants have been proposed, however, the polyalkylene
2018203293 11 May 2018 glycols, polyol esters and polyvinyl ethers, suggested for use with hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants are expensive and absorb water readily. Water in a refrigeration, air-conditioning system or heat pump can lead to corrosion and the formation of particles that may plug the capillary tubes 5 and other small orifices in the system, ultimately causing system failure.
Additionally, in existing equipment, time-consuming and costly flushing procedures are required to change to a new lubricant. Therefore, it is desirable to continue to use the original lubricant if possible.
The compatibilizers of the present invention improve solubility of the 10 hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in conventional refrigeration lubricants and thus improve oil return to the compressor.
Polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizers of the present invention are represented by the formula R1[(OR2)xOR3]y, wherein: x is an integer from 1-3; y is an integer from 1-4; R1 is selected from hydrogen 15 and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bonding sites; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; at least one of R1 and R3 is said hydrocarbon radical; and wherein said polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units. As used herein, bonding sites mean radical sites available to form covalent bonds with other radicals. Hydrocarbylene radicals mean divalent hydrocarbon radicals. In the present invention, preferred polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizers are represented by R1[(OR2)xOR3]y: x is preferably 1-2; y is preferably 1; R1 and R3 are preferably independently selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R2 is preferably selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 or 3 carbon atoms, most preferably 3 carbon atoms; the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether molecular weight is preferably from about 100 to about 250 atomic mass units, most preferably from about 125 to about 250 atomic mass units. The R1 and R3 hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative R1 and R3 hydrocarbon radicals include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Where free hydroxyl radicals on the present polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizers may be incompatible with certain compression refrigeration
2018203293 11 May 2018 apparatus materials of construction (e.g. Mylar®), R1 and R3 are preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, most preferably 1 carbon atom. The R2 aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms form repeating oxyalkylene radicals - (OR2)x - that include 5 oxyethylene radicals, oxypropylene radicals, and oxybutylene radicals.
The oxyalkylene radical comprising R2 in one polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizer molecule may be the same, or one molecule may contain different R2 oxyalkylene groups. The present polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizers preferably comprise at least one oxypropylene radical.
Where R1 is an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bonding sites, the radical may be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative R1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having two bonding sites include, for example, an ethylene radical, a propylene radical, a butylene radical, a pentylene radical, a hexylene radical, a cyclopentylene radical and a cyclohexylene radical. Representative R1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having three or four bonding sites include residues derived from polyalcohols, such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane and 1,3,5trihydroxycyclohexane, by removing their hydroxyl radicals.
Representative polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizers include but are not limited to: CH3OCH2CH(CH3)O(H or CH3) (propylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), CH3O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2(H or CH3) (dipropylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), CH3O[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or CH3) (tripropylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), C2H5OCH2CH(CH3)O(H or
C2H5) (propylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2H5O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2(H or C2H5) (dipropylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C2H5O[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or C2H5) (tripropylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C3H7OCH2CH(CH3)O(H or C3H7) (propylene glycol n-propyl (or din-propyl) ether), C3H7O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2(H or C3H7) (dipropylene glycol n30 propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C3H7O[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or C3H7) (tripropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C4H9OCH2CH(CH3)OH (propylene glycol n-butyl ether), C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2(H or C4H9) (dipropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or C4H9) (tripropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), (CH3)3COCH2CH(CH3)OH (propylene glycol t-butyl ether), (ΟΗ3)3ΟΟ[ΟΗ2ΟΗ(ΟΗ3)Ο]2(Η or (CH3)3) (dipropylene glycol t-butyl (or di-tbutyl) ether), (CH3)3CO[CH2CH(CH3)O]3(H or (CH3)3) (tripropylene glycol t42
2018203293 11 May 2018 butyl (or di-t-butyl) ether), C5HnOCH2CH(CH3)OH (propylene glycol npentyl ether), C4H9OCH2CH(C2H5)OH (butylene glycol n-butyl ether), C4H9O[CH2CH(C2H5)O]2H (dibutylene glycol n-butyl ether), trimethylolpropane tri-n-butyl ether (C2H5C(CH2O(CH2)3CH3)3) and trimethylolpropane di-n-butyl ether (C2H5C(CH2OC(CH2)3CH3)2CH2OH). Amide compatibilizers of the present invention comprise those represented by the formulae R1C(O)NR2R3 and cyclo-[R4C(O)N(R5)], wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5are independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R4 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene radicals having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein said amides have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units. The molecular weight of said amides is preferably from about 160 to about 250 atomic mass units. R1, R2, R3 and R5 may optionally include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (e.g. methoxy). R1, R2, R3 and R5 may optionally include heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals, which contain the atoms nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (oxa-) or sulfur (thia-) in a radical chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms. In general, no more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably no more than one, will be present for each 10 carbon atoms in R1-3, and the presence of any such non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms must be considered in applying the aforementioned molecular weight limitations. Preferred amide compatibilizers consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Representative R1, R2, R3 and R5 aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers. A preferred embodiment of amide compatibilizers are those wherein R4 in the aforementioned formula cyclo-[R4C(O)N(R5)-] may be represented by the hydrocarbylene radical (CR6R7)n, in other words, the formula: cyclo-[(CR6R7)nC(O)N(R5)-] wherein: the previously-stated values for molecular weight apply; n is an integer from 3 to 5; R5 is a saturated hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R6 and R7are independently selected (for each n) by the rules previously offered defining R1’3. In the lactams represented by the formula: cyclo43
2018203293 11 May 2018 [(CR6R7)nC(O)N(R5)-], all R6 and R7 are preferably hydrogen, or contain a single saturated hydrocarbon radical among the n methylene units, and R5 is a saturated hydrocarbon radical containing 3 to 12 carbon atoms. For example, 1-(saturated hydrocarbon radical)-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-ones.
Representative amide compatibilizers include but are not limited to:
-octylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1 -decylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1 -octyl-5-methylpyrrolidin2-one, 1-butylcaprolactam, 1-cyclohexylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-butyl-5methylpiperid-2-one, 1 -pentyl-5-methylpiperid-2-one, 1 -hexylcaprolactam, 1 -hexyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 5-methyl-1 -pentylpiperid-2-one, 1,310 dimethylpiperid-2-one, 1-methylcaprolactam, 1-butyl-pyrrolidin-2-one, 1,5dimethylpiperid-2-one, 1 -decyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1 -dodecylpyrrolid2-one, Ν,Ν-dibutylformamide and N,N-diisopropylacetamide.
Ketone compatibilizers of the present invention comprise ketones represented by the formula R1C(O)R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said ketones have a molecular weight of from about 70 to about 300 atomic mass units. R1 and R2 in said ketones are preferably independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
The molecular weight of said ketones is preferably from about 100 to 200 atomic mass units. R1 and R2 may together form a hydrocarbylene radical connected and forming a five, six, or seven-membered ring cyclic ketone, for example, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and cycloheptanone. R1 and R2 may optionally include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (e.g. methoxy). R1 and R2 may optionally include heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals, which contain the atoms nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (keto-, oxa-) or sulfur (thia-) in a radical chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms. In general, no more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably no more than one, will be present for each 10 carbon atoms in R1 and R2, and the presence of any such nonhydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms must be considered in applying the aforementioned molecular weight limitations. Representative R1 and
R2 aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals in the general formula R1C(O)R2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, ieri-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
2018203293 11 May 2018 heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers, as well as phenyl, benzyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl and phenethyl.
Representative ketone compatibilizers include but are not limited to:
2-butanone, 2-pentanone, acetophenone, butyrophenone, hexanophenone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, 2-heptanone, 3heptanone, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 2-octanone, 3-octanone, diisobutyl ketone, 4-ethylcyclohexanone, 2-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2-decanone, 4decanone, 2-decalone, 2-tridecanone, dihexyl ketone and dicyclohexyl ketone.
Nitrile compatibilizers of the present invention comprise nitriles represented by the formula R1CN, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said nitriles have a molecular weight of from about 90 to 15 about 200 atomic mass units. R1 in said nitrile compatibilizers is preferably selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 8 to 10 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of said nitrile compatibilizers is preferably from about 120 to about 140 atomic mass units. R1 may optionally include substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxides (e.g. methoxy). R1 may optionally include heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbon radicals, that is, radicals, which contain the atoms nitrogen (aza-), oxygen (keto-, oxa-) or sulfur (thia-) in a radical chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms. In general, no more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably no more than one, will be present for each 10 carbon atoms in R1, and the presence of any such non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms must be considered in applying the aforementioned molecular weight limitations. Representative R1 aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals in the general formula R1CN include pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers, as well as phenyl, benzyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl and phenethyl.
Representative nitrile compatibilizers include but are not limited 35 to: 1-cyanopentane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-cyanopentane, 1-cyanohexane, 1cyanoheptane, 1-cyanooctane, 2-cyanooctane, 1-cyanononane, 1cyanodecane, 2-cyanodecane, 1-cyanoundecane and 1-cyanododecane.
2018203293 11 May 2018
Chlorocarbon compatibilizers of the present invention comprise chlorocarbons represented by the formula RCIx, wherein; x is selected from the integers 1 or 2; R is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein said 5 chlorocarbons have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units. The molecular weight of said chlorocarbon compatibilizers is preferably from about 120 to 150 atomic mass units. Representative R aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals in the general formula RCIx include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 10 isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers.
Representative chlorocarbon compatibilizers include but are not limited to: 3-(chloromethyl)pentane, 3-chloro-3-methylpentane, 115 chlorohexane, 1,6-dichlorohexane, 1-chloroheptane, 1-chlorooctane, 1chlorononane, 1-chlorodecane, and 1,1,1-trichlorodecane.
Ester compatibilizers of the present invention comprise esters represented by the general formula R1CO2R2, wherein R1 and R2are independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated, 20 alkyl and aryl radicals. Preferred esters consist essentially of the elements C, H and O, have a molecular weight of from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units.
Representative esters include but are not limited to: (CH3)2CHCH2OOC(CH2)2-4OCOCH2CH(CH3)2 (diisobutyl dibasic ester), 25 ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, n-butyl propionate, n-propyl propionate, ethyl benzoate, di-n-propyl phthalate, benzoic acid ethoxyethyl ester, dipropyl carbonate, “Exxate 700” (a commercial Cz alkyl acetate), “Exxate 800” (a commercial Cs alkyl acetate), dibutyl phthalate, and tert-butyl acetate.
Lactone compatibilizers of the present invention comprise lactones represented by structures [A], [B], and [C]:
O
2018203293 11 May 2018 [A] [B] [C]
These lactones contain the functional group -CO2- in a ring of six (A), or preferably five atoms (B), wherein for structures [A] and [B], R1 through Rs 5 are independently selected from hydrogen or linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals. Each R1 though Rs may be connected forming a ring with another R1 through Rs. The lactone may have an exocyclic alkylidene group as in structure [C], wherein R1 through R6 are independently selected from hydrogen or linear, 10 branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals.
Each R1 though R6 may be connected forming a ring with another R1 through R6. The lactone compatibilizers have a molecular weight range of from about 80 to about 300 atomic mass units, preferred from about 80 to about 200 atomic mass units.
Representative lactone compatibilizers include but are not limited to the compounds listed in Table 8.
TABLE 8
Additive | Molecular Structure | Molecular Formula | Molecular Weight (amu) |
(E,Z)-3-ethylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | Ar | C7H10O2 | 126 |
(E,Z)-3-propylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | AC | C8H12O2 | 140 |
(E,Z)-3-butylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | C9H14O2 | 154 | |
(E,Z)-3-pentylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | C10H16O2 | 168 | |
(E,Z)-3-Hexylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | A£ | C11H18O2 | 182 |
(E,Z)-3-Heptylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | AC | C12H20O2 | 196 |
(E,Z)-3-octylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | C13H22O2 | 210 | |
(E,Z)-3-nonylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2- | C14H24O2 | 224 |
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one | |||
(E,Z)-3-decylidene-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | C15H26O2 | 238 | |
(E,Z)-3-(3,5,5- trimethylhexylidene)-5methyl-dihydrofuran-2one | C14H24O2 | 224 | |
(E,Z)-3cyclohexylmethylidene5-methyl-dihydrofuran2-one | Ab | C12H18O2 | 194 |
gamma-octalactone | C8H14O2 | 142 | |
gamma-nonalactone | C9H16O2 | 156 | |
gamma-decalactone | C10H18O2 | 170 | |
gamma-undecalactone | C11H20O2 | 184 | |
gamma-dodecalactone | C12H22O2 | 198 | |
3-h exyl d i h yd ro-fu ra n -2one | o | C10H18O2 | 170 |
3-heptyldihydro-furan- 2-one | 0 | C11H20O2 | 184 |
c/s-3-ethyl-5-methyldihydro-furan-2-one | 0 A | C7H12O2 | 128 |
c/s-(3-propyl-5-methyl)- dihydro-furan-2-one | C8H14O2 | 142 | |
c/s-(3-butyl-5-methyl)- dihydro-furan-2-one | — | C9H16O2 | 156 |
c/s-(3-pentyl-5-methyl)- dihydro-furan-2-one | —b | C10H18O2 | 170 |
c/s-3-hexyl-5-methyldihydro-furan-2-one | C11H20O2 | 184 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
c/s-3-heptyl-5-methyldihydro-furan-2-one | C12H22O2 | 198 | ||
c/s-3-octyl-5-methyldihydro-furan-2-one | C13H24O2 | 212 | ||
c/s-3-(3,5,5trimethylhexyl)-5methyl-dihydro-furan-2one | W | C14H26O2 | 226 | |
c/s-3-cyclohexylmethyl- 5-methyl-dihydro-furan2-one | cA | C12H20O2 | 196 | |
5-methyl-5-hexyldihydro-furan-2-one | o | C11H20O2 | 184 | |
5-methyl-5-octyldihydro-furan-2-one | 0 w. | C13H24O2 | 212 | |
Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1 -one | H | C8H12O2 | 140 | |
rte/te-decalactone | C10H18O2 | 170 | ||
rte/te-undecalactone | C11H20O2 | 184 | ||
rte/te-dodecalactone | C12H22O2 | 198 | ||
mixture of 4-hexyldihydrofuran-2-one and 3-hexyl-dihydro-furan2-one | C10H18O2 | 170 |
Lactone compatibilizers generally have a kinematic viscosity of less than about 7 centistokes at 40°C. For instance, gamma-undecalactone has kinematic viscosity of 5.4 centistokes and cis-(3-hexyl-55 methyl)dihydrofuran-2-one has viscosity of 4.5 centistokes both at 40°C. Lactone compatibilizers may be available commercially or prepared by methods as described in U. S. patent application 10/910,495 filed August 3, 2004, incorporated herein by reference.
2018203293 11 May 2018
Aryl ether compatibilizers of the present invention further comprise aryl ethers represented by the formula R1OR2, wherein: R1 is selected from aryl hydrocarbon radicals having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; R2 is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon 5 atoms; and wherein said aryl ethers have a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units. Representative R1 aryl radicals in the general formula R1OR2 include phenyl, biphenyl, cumenyl, mesityl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl and pyridyl. Representative R2 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals in the general formula R1OR2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl. Representative aromatic ether compatibilizers include but are not limited to: methyl phenyl ether (anisole), 1,3-dimethyoxybenzene, ethyl phenyl ether and butyl phenyl ether.
Fluoroether compatibilizers of the present invention comprise those 15 represented by the general formula R1OCF2CF2H, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary, linear, saturated, alkyl radicals. Representative fluoroether compatibilizers include but are not limited to: C8H17OCF2CF2H and C6H13OCF2CF2H. It should be noted 20 that if the refrigerant is a fluoroether, then the compatibilizer may not be the same fluoroether.
Fluoroether compatibilizers may further comprise ethers derived from fluoroolefins and polyols. The fluoroolefins may be of the type CF2=CXY, wherein X is hydrogen, chlorine or fluorine, and Y is chlorine, 25 fluorine, CF3 or ORt, wherein Rt is CF3, C2F5, or C3F7. Representative fluoroolefins are tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and perfluoromethylvinyl ether. The polyols may be linear or branched. Linear polyols may be of the type HOCH2(CHOH)x(CRR’)yCH2OH, wherein R and R’ are hydrogen, orChb, 30 or C2H5 and wherein x is an integer from 0-4, and y is an integer from 0-4.
Branched polyols may be of the type C(OH)t(R)u(CH2OH)v[(CH2)mCH2OH]w, wherein R may be hydrogen, CH3 or C2H5, m may be an integer from 0 to 3, t and u may be 0 or 1, v and w are integers from 0 to 4, and also wherein t + u + v + w = 4.
Representative polyols are trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, butanediol, and ethylene glycol.
2018203293 11 May 2018
1,1,1-Trifluoroalkane compatibilizers of the present invention comprise 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes represented by the general formula CF3R1, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary, linear, saturated, alkyl radicals. Representative 1,1,1-trifluoroalkane compatibilizers include but are not limited to: 1,1,1-trifluorohexane and 1,1,1 -trifluorododecane.
By effective amount of compatibilizer is meant that amount of compatibilizer that leads to efficient solubilizing of the lubricant in the composition and thus provides adequate oil return to optimize operation of the refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus.
The compositions of the present invention will typically contain from about 0.1 to about 40 weight percent, preferably from about 0.2 to about 20 weight percent, and most preferably from about 0.3 to about 10 weight percent compatibilizer in the compositions of the present invention. The present invention further relates to a method of solubilizing a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising the compositions of the present invention in a refrigeration lubricant selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic napthenes, and poly(alpha)olefins, wherein said method comprises contacting said lubricant with said composition in the presence of an effective amount of a compatibilizer, wherein said compatibilizer is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1,1,1 -trifluoroalkanes.
The present invention further relates to a method for improving oilreturn to the compressor in a compression refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus, said method comprising using a composition comprising compatibilizer in said apparatus.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise an ultra-violet (UV) dye and optionally a solubilizing agent. The UV dye is a useful component for detecting leaks of the composition by permitting one to observe the fluorescence of the dye in the composition at a leak point or in the vicinity of refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus.
One may observe the fluoroscence of the dye under an ultra-violet light. Solubilizing agents may be needed due to poor solubility of such UV dyes in some compositions.
2018203293 11 May 2018
By “ultra-violet” dye is meant a UV fluorescent composition that absorbs light in the ultra-violet or “near” ultra-violet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fluorescence produced by the UV fluorescent dye under illumination by a UV light that emits radiation with 5 wavelength anywhere from 10 nanometer to 750 nanometer may be detected. Therefore, if a composition containing such a UV fluorescent dye is leaking from a given point in a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, the fluorescence can be detected at the leak point. Such UV fluorescent dyes include but are not limited to naphthalimides, 10 perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, fluoresceins, and derivatives or combinations thereof.
Solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and
1.1.1- trifluoroalkanes. The polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and
1.1.1- trifluoroalkanes solubilizing agents have been defined previously herein as being compatibilizers for use with conventional refrigeration lubricants.
Hydrocarbon solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise hydrocarbons including straight chained, branched chain or cyclic alkanes or alkenes containing 5 or fewer carbon atoms and only hydrogen with no 25 other functional groups. Representative hydrocarbon solubilizing agents comprise propane, propylene, cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane, 2methylbutane and n-pentane. It should be noted that if the composition contains a hydrocarbon, then the solubilizing agent may not be the same hydrocarbon.
Hydrocarbon ether solubilizing agents of the present invention comprise ethers containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, such as dimethyl ether (DME).
Solubilizing agents of the present invention may be present as a single compound, or may be present as a mixture of more than one 35 solubilizing agent. Mixtures of solubilizing agents may contain two solubilizing agents from the same class of compounds, say two lactones,
2018203293 11 May 2018 or two solubilizing agents from two different classes, such as a lactone and a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
In the present compositions comprising refrigerant and UV fluorescent dye, or comprising heat transfer fluid and UV fluorescent dye, from about 0.001 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent of the composition is UV dye, preferably from about 0.005 weight percent to about 0.5 weight percent, and most preferably from 0.01 weight percent to about 0.25 weight percent.
Solubilizing agents such as ketones may have an objectionable 10 odor, which can be masked by addition of an odor masking agent or fragrance. Typical examples of odor masking agents or fragrances may include Evergreen, Fresh Lemon, Cherry, Cinnamon, Peppermint, Floral or Orange Peel all commercially available, as well as d-limonene and pinene. Such odor masking agents may be used at concentrations of from 15 about 0.001% to as much as about 15% by weight based on the combined weight of odor masking agent and solubilizing agent.
Solubility of these UV fluorescent dyes in the compositions of the present invention may be poor. Therefore, methods for introducing these dyes into the refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus have 20 been awkward, costly and time consuming. US patent no. RE 36,951 describes a method, which utilizes a dye powder, solid pellet or slurry of dye that may be inserted into a component of the refrigeration, airconditioning, or heat pump apparatus. As refrigerant and lubricant are circulated through the apparatus, the dye is dissolved or dispersed and 25 carried throughout the apparatus. Numerous other methods for introducing dye into a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus are described in the literature.
Ideally, the UV fluorescent dye could be dissolved in the refrigerant itself thereby not requiring any specialized method for introduction to the 30 refrigeration, air conditioning apparatus, or heat pump. The present invention relates to compositions including UV fluorescent dye, which may be introduced into the system as a solution in the refrigerant. The inventive compositions will allow the storage and transport of dyecontaining compositions even at low temperatures while maintaining the 35 dye in solution.
In the present compositions comprising refrigerant, UV fluorescent dye and solubilizing agent, or comprising heat transfer fluid and UV
2018203293 11 May 2018 fluorescent dye and solubilizing agent, from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, preferably from about 2 to about 25 weight percent, and most preferably from about 5 to about 15 weight percent of the combined composition is solubilizing agent. In the compositions of the present 5 invention the UV fluorescent dye is present in a concentration from about
0.001 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent, preferably from 0.005 weight percent to about 0.5 weight percent, and most preferably from 0.01 weight percent to about 0.25 weight percent.
The present invention further relates to a method of using the compositions further comprising ultraviolet fluorescent dye, and optionally, solubilizing agent, in refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus. The method comprises introducing the composition into the refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus. This may be done by dissolving the UV fluorescent dye in the composition in the presence of a solubilizing agent and introducing the combination into the apparatus.
Alternatively, this may be done by combining solubilizing agent and UV fluorescent dye and introducing said combination into refrigeration or airconditioning apparatus containing refrigerant and/or heat transfer fluid. The resulting composition may be used in the refrigeration, air20 conditioning, or heat pump apparatus.
The present invention further relates to a method of using the compositions comprising ultraviolet fluorescent dye to detect leaks. The presence of the dye in the compositions allows for detection of leaking refrigerant in a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus.
Leak detection helps to address, resolve or prevent inefficient operation of the apparatus or system or equipment failure. Leak detection also helps one contain chemicals used in the operation of the apparatus.
The method comprises providing the composition comprising refrigerant, ultra-violet fluorescent dye, as described herein, and optionally, a solubilizing agent as described herein, to refrigeration, airconditioning, or heat pump apparatus and employing a suitable means for detecting the UV fluorescent dye-containing refrigerant. Suitable means for detecting the dye include, but are not limited to, ultra-violet lamps, often referred to as a “black light” or “blue light”. Such ultra-violet lamps are commercially available from numerous sources specifically designed for this purpose. Once the ultra-violet fluorescent dye containing composition has been introduced to the refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump
2018203293 11 May 2018 apparatus and has been allowed to circulate throughout the system, a leak can be found by shining said ultra-violet lamp on the apparatus and observing the fluorescence of the dye in the vicinity of any leak point.
The present invention further relates to a method for replacing a high GWP refrigerant in a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, wherein said high GWP refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of R134a, R22, R245fa, R114, R236fa, R124, R410A, R407C, R417A, R422A, R507A, and R404A,, said method comprising providing a composition of the present invention to said refrigeration, air-conditioning, 10 or heat pump apparatus that uses, used or is designed to use said high GWP refrigerant.
Vapor-compression refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump systems include an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion device. A vapor-compression cycle re-uses refrigerant in 15 multiple steps producing a cooling effect in one step and a heating effect in a different step. The cycle can be described simply as follows. Liquid refrigerant enters an evaporator through an expansion device, and the liquid refrigerant boils in the evaporator at a low temperature to form a gas and produce cooling. The low-pressure gas enters a compressor where 20 the gas is compressed to raise its pressure and temperature. The higherpressure (compressed) gaseous refrigerant then enters the condenser in which the refrigerant condenses and discharges its heat to the environment. The refrigerant returns to the expansion device through which the liquid expands from the higher-pressure level in the condenser 25 to the low-pressure level in the evaporator, thus repeating the cycle.
As used herein, mobile refrigeration apparatus or mobile airconditioning apparatus refers to any refrigeration or air-conditioning apparatus incorporated into a transportation unit for the road, rail, sea or air. In addition, apparatus, which are meant to provide refrigeration or air30 conditioning for a system independent of any moving carrier, known as “intermodal” systems, are included in the present invention. Such intermodal systems include “containers” (combined sea/land transport) as well as “swap bodies” (combined road and rail transport). The present invention is particularly useful for road transport refrigerating or air35 conditioning apparatus, such as automobile air-conditioning apparatus or refrigerated road transport equipment.
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The present invention further relates to a process for producing cooling comprising evaporating the compositions of the present invention in the vicinity of a body to be cooled, and thereafter condensing said compositions.
The present invention further relates to a process for producing heat comprising condensing the compositions of the present invention in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and thereafter evaporating said compositions.
The present invention further relates to a refrigeration, air10 conditioning, or heat pump apparatus containing a composition of the present invention wherein said composition at least one fluoroolefin.
The present invention further relates to a mobile air-conditioning apparatus containing a composition of the present invention wherein said composition comprises at least one fluoroolefin.
The present invention further relates to a method for early detection of a refrigerant leak in a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus said method comprising using a non-azeotropic composition in said apparatus, and monitoring for a reduction in cooling performance. The non-azeotropic compositions will fractionate upon leakage from a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus and the lower boiling (higher vapor pressure) component will leak out of the apparatus first. When this occurs, if the lower boiling component in that composition provides the majority of the refrigeration capacity, there will be a marked reduction in the capacity and thus performance of the apparatus. In an automobile air-conditioning system, as an example, the passengers in the automobile will detect a reduction in the cooling capability of the system. This reduction in cooling capability can be interpreted to mean that refrigerant is being leaked and that the system requires repair.
The present invention further relates to a method of using the compositions of the present invention as a heat transfer fluid composition, said process comprising transporting said composition from a heat source to a heat sink.
Heat transfer fluids are utilized to transfer, move or remove heat from one space, location, object or body to a different space, location, object or body by radiation, conduction, or convection. A heat transfer fluid may function as a secondary coolant by providing means of transfer
2018203293 11 May 2018 for cooling (or heating) from a remote refrigeration (or heating) system. In some systems, the heat transfer fluid may remain in a constant state throughout the transfer process (i.e., not evaporate or condense). Alternatively, evaporative cooling processes may utilize heat transfer fluids 5 as well.
A heat source may be defined as any space, location, object or body from which it is desirable to transfer, move or remove heat. Examples of heat sources may be spaces (open or enclosed) requiring refrigeration or cooling, such as refrigerator or freezer cases in a supermarket, building spaces requiring air-conditioning, or the passenger compartment of an automobile requiring air-conditioning. A heat sink may be defined as any space, location, object or body capable of absorbing heat. A vapor compression refrigeration system is one example of such a heat sink.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to blowing agent compositions comprising the fluoroolefin-containing compositions as described herein for use in preparing foams. In other embodiments the invention provides foamable compositions, and preferably polyurethane and polyisocyanate foam compositions, and method of preparing foams.
In such foam embodiments, one or more of the present fluoroolefincontaining compositions are included as a blowing agent in foamable compositions, which composition preferably includes one or more additional components capable of reacting and foaming under the proper conditions to form a foam or cellular structure. Any of the methods well known in the art, such as those described in “Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology,” Volumes I and II, Saunders and Frisch, 1962, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., which is incorporated herein by reference, may be used or adapted for use in accordance with the foam embodiments of the present invention.
The present invention further relates to a method of forming a foam comprising: (a) adding to a foamable composition a fluoroolefincontaining composition of the present invention; and (b) reacting the foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the use 35 of the fluoroolefin-containing compositions as described herein for use as propellants in sprayable compositions. Additionally, the present invention relates to a sprayable composition comprising the fluoroolefin-containing
2018203293 11 May 2018 compositions as described herein. The active ingredient to be sprayed together with inert ingredients, solvents and other materials may also be present in a sprayable composition. Preferably, the sprayable composition is an aerosol. Suitable active materials to be sprayed include, without limitations, cosmetic materials, such as deodorants, perfumes, hair sprays, cleaners, and polishing agents as well as medicinal materials such as antiasthma and anti-halitosis medications.
The present invention further relates to a process for producing aerosol products comprising the step of adding a fluoroolefin-containing 10 composition as described herein to active ingredients in an aerosol container, wherein said composition functions as a propellant.
A further aspect provides methods of suppressing a flame, said methods comprising contacting a flame with a fluid comprising a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure. Any suitable 15 methods for contacting the flame with the present composition may be used. For example, a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure may be sprayed, poured, and the like onto the flame, or at least a portion of the flame may be immersed in the flame suppression composition. In light of the teachings herein, those of skill in the art will be 20 readily able to adapt a variety of conventional apparatus and methods of flame suppression for use in the present disclosure.
A further embodiment provides methods of extinguishing or suppressing a fire in a total-flood application comprising providing an agent comprising a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present 25 disclosure; disposing the agent in a pressurized discharge system; and discharging the agent into an area to extinguish or suppress fires in that area. Another embodiment provides methods of inerting an area to prevent a fire or explosion comprising providing an agent comprising a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure; disposing the 30 agent in a pressurized discharge system; and discharging the agent into the area to prevent a fire or explosion from occurring.
The term “extinguishment” is usually used to denote complete elimination of a fire; whereas, “suppression” is often used to denote reduction, but not necessarily total elimination, of a fire or explosion. As 35 used herein, terms “extinguishment” and “suppression” will be used interchangeably. There are four general types of halocarbon fire and explosion protection applications. (1) In total-flood fire extinguishment
2018203293 11 May 2018 and/or suppression applications, the agent is discharged into a space to achieve a concentration sufficient to extinguish or suppress an existing fire. Total flooding use includes protection of enclosed, potentially occupied spaces such, as computer rooms as well as specialized, often unoccupied spaces such as aircraft engine nacelles and engine compartments in vehicles. (2) In streaming applications, the agent is applied directly onto a fire or into the region of a fire. This is usually accomplished using manually operated wheeled or portable units. A second method, included as a streaming application, uses a “localized” 10 system, which discharges agent toward a fire from one or more fixed nozzles. Localized systems may be activated either manually or automatically. (3) In explosion suppression, a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure is discharged to suppress an explosion that has already been initiated. The term “suppression” is 15 normally used in this application because the explosion is usually selflimiting. However, the use of this term does not necessarily imply that the explosion is not extinguished by the agent. In this application, a detector is usually used to detect an expanding fireball from an explosion, and the agent is discharged rapidly to suppress the explosion. Explosion 20 suppression is used primarily, but not solely, in defense applications. (4) In inertion, a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure is discharged into a space to prevent an explosion or a fire from being initiated. Often, a system similar or identical to that used for total-flood fire extinguishment or suppression is used. Usually, the presence of a dangerous condition (for example, dangerous concentrations of flammable or explosive gases) is detected, and the fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure is then discharged to prevent the explosion or fire from occurring until the condition can be remedied.
The extinguishing method can be carried out by introducing the 30 composition into an enclosed area surrounding a fire. Any of the known methods of introduction can be utilized provided that appropriate quantities of the composition are metered into the enclosed area at appropriate intervals. For example, a composition can be introduced by streaming, e.g., using conventional portable (or fixed) fire extinguishing equipment; by 35 misting; or by flooding, e.g., by releasing (using appropriate piping, valves, and controls) the composition into an enclosed area surrounding a fire. The composition can optionally be combined with an inert propellant, e.g.,
2018203293 11 May 2018 nitrogen, argon, decomposition products of glycidyl azide polymers or carbon dioxide, to increase the rate of discharge of the composition from the streaming or flooding equipment utilized.
Preferably, the extinguishing process involves introducing a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure to a fire or flame in an amount sufficient to extinguish the fire or flame. One skilled in this field will recognize that the amount of flame suppressant needed to extinguish a particular fire will depend upon the nature and extent of the hazard. When the flame suppressant is to be introduced by flooding, cup 10 burner test data is useful in determining the amount or concentration of flame suppressant required to extinguish a particular type and size of fire. Laboratory tests useful for determining effective concentration ranges of fluoroolefin-containing compositions when used in conjunction with extinguishing or suppressing a fire in a total-flood application or fire 15 inertion are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,759,430, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
Impact of vapor leakage
A vessel is charged with an initial composition at a temperature of either -25 °C or if specified, at 25 °C, and the initial vapor pressure of the composition is measured. The composition is allowed to 25 leak from the vessel, while the temperature is held constant, until 50 weight percent of the initial composition is removed, at which time the vapor pressure of the composition remaining in the vessel is measured. Results are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9
Composition wt% | Initial P (Psia) | Initial P (kPa) | After 50% Leak (Psia) | After 50% Leak (kPa) | Delta P (%) |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32 | |||||
7.4/92.6 | 49.2 | 339 | 49.2 | 339 | 0.0% |
1/99 | 49.2 | 339 | 49.2 | 339 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 49.0 | 338 | 48.8 | 337 | 0.3% |
40/60 | 47.5 | 327 | 47.0 | 324 | 1.0% |
57/43 | 44.9 | 309 | 40.5 | 280 | 9.6% |
58/42 | 44.6 | 308 | 40.1 | 276 | 10.2% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1234yf/H FC-125 | |
10.9/89.1 | 40.8 |
1/99 | 40.3 |
20/80 | 40.5 |
40/60 | 38.7 |
50/50 | 37.4 |
51/49 | 37.3 |
52/48 | 37.1 |
HFC-1234yf/H FC-134 | |
1/99 | 11.7 |
10/90 | 12.8 |
20/80 | 13.7 |
40/60 | 15.2 |
60/40 | 16.3 |
80/20 | 17.2 |
90/10 | 17.6 |
99/1 | 17.8 |
HFC-1234yf/H FC-134a | |
70.4/29.6 | 18.4 |
80/20 | 18.3 |
90/10 | 18.2 |
99/1 | 17.9 |
40/60 | 17.9 |
20/80 | 17.0 |
10/90 | 16.4 |
1/99 | 15.6 |
HFC-1234yf/H FC-152a | |
91.0/9.0 | 17.9 |
99/1 | 17.9 |
60/40 | 17.4 |
40/60 | 16.6 |
20/80 | 15.7 |
10/90 | 15.1 |
1/99 | 14.6 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-161 | |
1/99 | 25.3 |
10/90 | 25.2 |
20/80 | 24.9 |
40/60 | 23.8 |
60/40 | 22.0 |
80/20 | 19.8 |
90/10 | 18.8 |
99/1 | 17.9 |
40.8 | 281 | 0.0% |
40.2 | 277 | 0.0% |
40.3 | 278 | 0.4% |
37.0 | 255 | 4.4% |
34.0 | 235 | 9.0% |
33.7 | 232 | 9.6% |
33.3 | 229 | 10.3% |
11.6 | 80 | 0.7% |
12.2 | 84 | 4.5% |
13.0 | 89 | 5.6% |
14.6 | 101 | 4.1% |
16.0 | 110 | 2.0% |
17.1 | 118 | 0.6% |
17.5 | 121 | 0.2% |
17.8 | 123 | 0.0% |
18.4 | 127 | 0.0% |
18.3 | 126 | 0.1% |
18.1 | 125 | 0.1% |
17.9 | 123 | 0.1% |
17.8 | 123 | 0.7% |
16.7 | 115 | 1.7% |
16.1 | 111 | 1.5% |
15.6 | 107 | 0.3% |
17.9 | 123 | 0.0% |
17.8 | 123 | 0.1% |
17.2 | 119 | 0.7% |
16.4 | 113 | 1.6% |
15.4 | 106 | 2.0% |
14.9 | 103 | 1.5% |
14.5 | 100 | 0.2% |
25.3 | 174 | 0.0% |
25.2 | 174 | 0.1% |
24.8 | 171 | 0.8% |
23.2 | 160 | 2.6% |
21.3 | 147 | 3.2% |
19.5 | 134 | 1.9% |
18.6 | 128 | 0.9% |
17.9 | 123 | 0.1% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1234yf/FC-143a
17.3/82.7 | 39.5 | 272 | 39.5 | 272 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 39.3 | 271 | 39.3 | 271 | 0.1% |
1/99 | 38.7 | 267 | 38.6 | 266 | 0.1% |
40/60 | 38.5 | 266 | 37.8 | 260 | 1.9% |
60/40 | 36.3 | 250 | 32.8 | 226 | 9.5% |
61/39 | 36.1 | 249 | 32.4 | 223 | 10.2% |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-227ea
84.6/15.4 | 18.0 | 124 | 18.0 | 124 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 18.0 | 124 | 18.0 | 124 | 0.0% |
99/1 | 17.9 | 123 | 17.9 | 123 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 17.6 | 121 | 17.4 | 120 | 1.2% |
40/60 | 16.7 | 115 | 15.8 | 109 | 5.4% |
29/71 | 15.8 | 109 | 14.2 | 98 | 9.7% |
28/72 | 15.7 | 108 | 14.1 | 97 | 10.2% |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-236fa
99/1 | 17.8 | 122 | 17.7 | 122 | 0.2% |
90/10 | 17.0 | 117 | 16.6 | 115 | 2.4% |
80/20 | 16.2 | 112 | 15.4 | 106 | 5.1% |
70/30 | 15.3 | 106 | 14.0 | 97 | 8.5% |
66/34 | 15.0 | 103 | 13.5 | 93 | 10.0% |
HFC-1234yf/H FC-1225ye
1/99 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.5% |
10/90 | 12.6 | 87 | 12.2 | 84 | 3.2% |
20/80 | 13.5 | 93 | 12.9 | 89 | 4.3% |
40/60 | 15.0 | 103 | 14.4 | 99 | 3.7% |
60/40 | 16.2 | 111 | 15.8 | 109 | 2.2% |
80/20 | 17.1 | 118 | 16.9 | 117 | 0.9% |
90/10 | 17.5 | 120 | 17.4 | 120 | 0.3% |
99/1 | 17.8 | 123 | 17.8 | 123 | 0.0% |
HFC-1234yf/trans-HFC-1234ze
1/99 | 11.3 | 78 | 11.3 | 78 | 0.4% |
10/90 | 12.2 | 84 | 11.8 | 81 | 3.3% |
20/80 | 13.1 | 90 | 12.5 | 86 | 4.6% |
40/60 | 14.6 | 101 | 14.0 | 96 | 4.3% |
60/40 | 15.8 | 109 | 15.4 | 106 | 2.7% |
80/20 | 16.9 | 117 | 16.7 | 115 | 1.1% |
90/10 | 17.4 | 120 | 17.3 | 119 | 0.5% |
99/1 | 17.8 | 123 | 17.8 | 123 | 0.1% |
HFC-1234yf/H FC-1243zf
1/99 | 13.1 | 90 | 13.0 | 90 | 0.2% |
10/90 | 13.7 | 94 | 13.5 | 93 | 1.6% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
20/80 | 14.3 |
40/60 | 15.5 |
60/40 | 16.4 |
80/20 | 17.2 |
90/10 | 17.5 |
99/1 | 17.8 |
HFC-1234yf/propane | |
51.5/48.5 | 33.5 |
60/40 | 33.4 |
80/20 | 31.8 |
81/19 | 31.7 |
40/60 | 33.3 |
20/80 | 32.1 |
10/90 | 31.0 |
1/99 | 29.6 |
HFC-1234yf/n-butane | |
98.1/1.9 | 17.9 |
99/1 | 17.9 |
100/0 | 17.8 |
80/20 | 16.9 |
70/30 | 16.2 |
71/29 | 16.3 |
HFC-1234yf/isobutane | |
88.1/11.9 | 19.0 |
95/5 | 18.7 |
99/1 | 18.1 |
60/40 | 17.9 |
61/39 | 17.9 |
HFC-1234yf/D ME | |
53.5/46.5 | 13.1 |
40/60 | 13.3 |
20/80 | 14.1 |
10/90 | 14.3 |
1/99 | 14.5 |
80/20 | 14.5 |
90/10 | 15.8 |
99/1 | 17.6 |
HFC-1234yf/CF3SCF3 | |
1/99 | 12.1 |
10/90 | 12.9 |
20/80 | 13.8 |
40/60 | 15.1 |
60/40 | 16.2 |
14.0 | 97 | 2.4% |
15.1 | 104 | 2.2% |
16.2 | 112 | 1.4% |
17.1 | 118 | 0.5% |
17.5 | 121 | 0.2% |
17.8 | 123 | 0.0% |
33.5 | 231 | 0.0% |
33.3 | 229 | 0.4% |
29.0 | 200 | 8.9% |
28.5 | 196 | 10.0% |
33.1 | 228 | 0.6% |
31.2 | 215 | 2.9% |
30.2 | 208 | 2.6% |
29.5 | 203 | 0.4% |
17.9 | 123 | 0.0% |
17.9 | 123 | 0.0% |
17.8 | 123 | 0.0% |
16.1 | 111 | 4.4% |
14.4 | 99 | 10.8% |
14.6 | 101 | 9.9% |
19.0 | 131 | 0.0% |
18.6 | 128 | 0.7% |
18.0 | 124 | 0.6% |
16.0 | 110 | 10.3% |
16.2 | 112 | 9.4% |
13.1 | 90 | 0.0% |
13.2 | 91 | 0.7% |
13.9 | 96 | 1.3% |
14.3 | 98 | 0.5% |
14.5 | 100 | 0.0% |
14.0 | 96 | 3.3% |
15.3 | 105 | 3.5% |
17.5 | 121 | 0.6% |
12.0 | 83 | 0.2% |
12.7 | 87 | 2.0% |
13.4 | 92 | 2.8% |
14.7 | 101 | 2.7% |
15.9 | 110 | 1.9% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
80/20 | 17.1 | 118 | 16.9 | 117 | 0.9% |
90/10 | 17.5 | 120 | 17.4 | 120 | 0.5% |
99/1 | 17.8 | 123 | 17.8 | 123 | 0.0% |
HFC-1234yf/CF3l | |||||
1/99 | 12.0 | 83 | 12.0 | 83 | 0.2% |
10/90 | 12.9 | 89 | 12.7 | 87 | 1.7% |
20/80 | 13.7 | 94 | 13.3 | 92 | 2.6% |
40/60 | 15.1 | 104 | 14.7 | 101 | 2.7% |
60/40 | 16.2 | 111 | 15.8 | 109 | 2.0% |
80/20 | 17.1 | 118 | 16.9 | 116 | 1.1% |
90/10 | 17.5 | 120 | 17.4 | 120 | 0.5% |
99/1 | 17.8 | 123 | 17.8 | 123 | 0.1% |
HFC-125/HFC-1234yf/isobutane (25 °C)
85.1/11.5/3.4 | 201.3 | 1388 | 201.3 | 1388 | 0.0% |
HFC-125/HFC-1234yf/n-butane (25 °C) | |||||
67/32/1 | 194.4 | 1340 | 190.2 | 1311 | 2.2% |
HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-1234yf (25 °C) | |||||
40/50/10 | 240.6 | 1659 | 239.3 | 1650 | 0.5% |
23/25/52 | 212.6 | 1466 | 192.9 | 1330 | 9.3% |
15/45/40 | 213.2 | 1470 | 201.3 | 1388 | 5.6% |
10/60/30 | 213.0 | 1469 | 206.0 | 1420 | 3.3% |
HFC-1225ye/trans-HFC-1234ze
63.0/37.0 | 11.7 | 81 | 11.7 | 81 | 0.0% |
80/20 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.1% |
99/1 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 11.7 | 81 | 11.7 | 81 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.1% |
20/80 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.4 | 79 | 0.2% |
10/90 | 11.3 | 78 | 11.3 | 78 | 0.1% |
1/99 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.1% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1243zf
40.0/60.0 | 13.6 | 94 | 13.6 | 94 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 13.4 | 93 | 13.4 | 92 | 0.1% |
10/90 | 13.2 | 91 | 13.2 | 91 | 0.2% |
1/99 | 13.0 | 90 | 13.0 | 90 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 13.4 | 92 | 13.4 | 92 | 0.4% |
80/20 | 12.8 | 88 | 12.6 | 87 | 1.4% |
90/10 | 12.3 | 85 | 12.1 | 83 | 1.5% |
99/1 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.3% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134
2018203293 11 May 2018
52.2/47.8 | 12.8 | 88 | 12.8 | 88 | 0.0% |
80/20 | 12.4 | 85 | 12.3 | 85 | 0.6% |
90/10 | 12.0 | 83 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.8% |
99/1 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.2% |
40/60 | 12.7 | 88 | 12.7 | 87 | 0.2% |
20/80 | 12.3 | 85 | 12.2 | 84 | 0.8% |
10/90 | 12.0 | 83 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.9% |
1/99 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.2% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a
1/99 | 15.5 | 107 | 15.5 | 107 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 15.2 | 105 | 15.2 | 105 | 0.3% |
20/80 | 15.0 | 103 | 14.9 | 103 | 0.5% |
40/60 | 14.4 | 99 | 14.2 | 98 | 1.0% |
60/40 | 13.6 | 94 | 13.4 | 93 | 1.4% |
80/20 | 12.7 | 88 | 12.5 | 86 | 1.6% |
90/10 | 12.2 | 84 | 12.0 | 83 | 1.3% |
99/1 | 11.5 | 80 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.2% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a
7.3/92.7 | 14.5 | 100 | 14.5 | 100 | 0.0% |
1/99 | 14.5 | 100 | 14.5 | 100 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 14.2 | 98 | 14.2 | 98 | 0.4% |
60/40 | 13.7 | 95 | 13.6 | 93 | 1.1% |
80/20 | 12.9 | 89 | 12.7 | 87 | 1.5% |
90/10 | 12.2 | 84 | 12.1 | 83 | 1.1% |
99/1 | 11.5 | 80 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.1% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-161
1/99 | 25.2 | 174 | 25.2 | 174 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 24.9 | 172 | 24.8 | 171 | 0.6% |
20/80 | 24.5 | 169 | 24.0 | 165 | 2.0% |
40/60 | 22.9 | 158 | 21.4 | 148 | 6.5% |
56/44 | 20.9 | 144 | 18.8 | 130 | 10.0% |
99/1 | 11.7 | 81 | 11.6 | 80 | 1.0% |
90/10 | 14.1 | 97 | 13.0 | 90 | 7.5% |
84/16 | 15.5 | 107 | 14.0 | 96 | 9.9% |
83/17 | 15.8 | 109 | 14.2 | 98 | 10.2% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-227ea
1/99 | 10.0 | 69 | 10.0 | 69 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 10.1 | 70 | 10.1 | 70 | 0.2% |
20/80 | 10.3 | 71 | 10.3 | 71 | 0.2% |
40/60 | 10.6 | 73 | 10.6 | 73 | 0.4% |
60/40 | 10.9 | 75 | 10.9 | 75 | 0.4% |
80/20 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.3% |
90/10 | 11.3 | 78 | 11.3 | 78 | 0.1% |
99/1 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.0% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye/HFC-236ea
99/1 | 11.4 | 79 | 11.4 | 79 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 11.3 | 78 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.5% |
80/20 | 11.0 | 75 | 10.7 | 74 | 2.0% |
60/40 | 10.2 | 70 | 9.4 | 65 | 8.3% |
57/43 | 10.1 | 69 | 9.1 | 63 | 9.9% |
56/44 | 10.0 | 69 | 9.0 | 62 | 10.6% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-236fa
99/1 | 11.4 | 79 | 11.4 | 79 | 0.1% |
90/10 | 11.1 | 77 | 11.0 | 76 | 1.1% |
80/20 | 10.7 | 74 | 10.4 | 72 | 2.4% |
60/40 | 9.8 | 68 | 9.2 | 63 | 6.6% |
48/52 | 9.2 | 63 | 8.2 | 57 | 10.0% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-245fa
99/1 | 11.4 | 79 | 11.4 | 78 | 0.3% |
90/10 | 10.9 | 75 | 10.6 | 73 | 2.5% |
80/20 | 10.4 | 72 | 9.8 | 68 | 5.7% |
70/30 | 9.9 | 68 | 8.9 | 61 | 9.9% |
69/21 | 9.8 | 68 | 8.8 | 60 | 10.5% |
HFC-1225ye/propane
29.7/70.3 | 30.4 | 209 | 30.4 | 209 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 30.3 | 209 | 30.2 | 208 | 0.2% |
10/90 | 30.0 | 207 | 29.9 | 206 | 0.4% |
1/99 | 29.5 | 203 | 29.5 | 203 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 29.5 | 203 | 28.5 | 197 | 3.3% |
72/28 | 28.4 | 195 | 25.6 | 176 | 9.8% |
73/27 | 28.2 | 195 | 25.2 | 174 | 10.8% |
HFC-1225ye/n-butane
89.5/10.5 | 12.3 | 85 | 12.3 | 85 | 0.0% |
99/1 | 11.7 | 81 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.9% |
80/20 | 12.2 | 84 | 12.0 | 83 | 1.5% |
65/35 | 11.7 | 80 | 10.5 | 72 | 9.9% |
64/36 | 11.6 | 80 | 10.4 | 71 | 10.9% |
HFC-1225ye/isobutane
79.3/20.7 | 13.9 | 96 | 13.9 | 96 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 13.6 | 94 | 13.3 | 92 | 2.4% |
99/1 | 11.9 | 82 | 11.6 | 80 | 2.8% |
60/40 | 13.5 | 93 | 13.0 | 89 | 4.1% |
50/50 | 13.1 | 91 | 11.9 | 82 | 9.6% |
49/51 | 13.1 | 90 | 11.8 | 81 | 10.2% |
HFC-1225ye/DME
2018203293 11 May 2018
82.1/17.9 | 10.8 | 74 | 10.8 | 74 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 10.9 | 75 | 10.9 | 75 | 0.3% |
99/1 | 11.4 | 78 | 11.4 | 78 | 0.2% |
60/40 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.2 | 77 | 2.4% |
40/60 | 12.8 | 88 | 12.1 | 84 | 4.8% |
20/80 | 13.9 | 96 | 13.5 | 93 | 3.0% |
10/90 | 14.3 | 98 | 14.1 | 97 | 1.1% |
1/99 | 14.5 | 100 | 14.4 | 100 | 0.1% |
HFC-1225ye/CF3l
1/99 | 11.9 | 82 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 11.9 | 82 | 11.8 | 82 | 0.1% |
20/80 | 11.8 | 81 | 11.8 | 81 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 11.7 | 80 | 11.7 | 80 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.0% |
80/20 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.0% |
99/1 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.0% |
HFC-1225ye/CF3SCF3
37.0/63.0 | 12.4 | 86 | 12.4 | 86 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 12.3 | 85 | 12.3 | 85 | 0.1% |
10/90 | 12.2 | 84 | 12.2 | 84 | 0.1% |
1/99 | 12.0 | 83 | 12.0 | 83 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 12.3 | 85 | 12.3 | 85 | 0.2% |
80/20 | 12.0 | 83 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.4% |
90/10 | 11.7 | 81 | 11.7 | 81 | 0.3% |
99/1 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.1% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-152a (25 °C)
76/9/15 81.3 561 80.5 555 1.0%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-161 (25 °C)
86/10/4 82.1 566 80.2 553 2.3%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/isobutane (25 °C)
87/10/3 83.4 575 80.3 554 3.7%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/DME (25 °C)
87/10/3 77.2 532 76.0 524 1.6%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/isobutane (25°C)
85/13/2 81.2 560 79.3 547 2.3%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/DME (25 °C)
85/13/2 76.6 528 76.0 524 0.8%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a (25 °C)
2018203293 11 May 2018
70/20/10
20/70/10
86.0 593 84.0 579 2.3%
98.2 677 97.5 672 0.7%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a (25 °C)
70/25/5 85.1 587 83.4 575 2.0%
25/70/5 95.4 658 94.9 654 0.5%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC-125 (25 °C)
25/71/4 | 105.8 | 729 | 96.3 | 664 | 9.0% |
75/21/4 | 89.5 | 617 | 83.0 | 572 | 7.3% |
75/24/1 | 85.3 | 588 | 82.3 | 567 | 3.5% |
25/74/1 | 98.0 | 676 | 95.1 | 656 | 3.0% |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/CF3l (25 °C)
40/40/20 87.5 603 86.0 593 1.7%
45/45/10
89.1 614 87.7
605 1.6%
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-152a/HFC-32 (25 °C)
74/8/17/1 86.1 594 81.5 562 5.3%
HFC-125/HFC-1225ye/isobutane (25 °C)
85.1/11.5/3.4 186.2 1284 179.2 1236 3.8%
HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-1225ye (25 °C)
30/40/30 212.7 1467 194.6 1342 8.5% trans-HFC-1234ze/cis-HFC-1234ze
99/1 | 11.1 | 77 | 11.1 | 76 | 0.4% |
90/10 | 10.5 | 72 | 10.1 | 70 | 3.4% |
80/20 | 9.8 | 68 | 9.1 | 63 | 7.1% |
73/27 | 9.3 | 64 | 8.4 | 58 | 9.9% |
72/28 | 9.3 | 64 | 8.3 | 57 | 10.3% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-1243zf
17.0/83.0 | 13.0 | 90 | 13.0 | 90 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 13.0 | 90 | 13.0 | 90 | 0.0% |
1/99 | 13.0 | 90 | 13.0 | 90 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 12.9 | 89 | 12.9 | 89 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 12.6 | 87 | 12.5 | 86 | 0.6% |
80/20 | 12.1 | 83 | 12.0 | 82 | 0.8% |
90/10 | 11.7 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.7% |
99/1 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.1% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134
45.7/54.3 | 12.5 | 86 | 12.5 | 86 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 12.4 | 85 | 12.4 | 85 | 0.2% |
80/20 | 12.0 | 83 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.7% |
90/10 | 11.7 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.7% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
99/1 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.1% |
20/80 | 12.2 | 84 | 12.2 | 84 | 0.4% |
10/90 | 11.9 | 82 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.6% |
1/99 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.1% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134a
9.5/90.5 | 15.5 | 107 | 15.5 | 107 | 0.0% |
1/99 | 15.5 | 107 | 15.5 | 107 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 15.1 | 104 | 15.0 | 103 | 0.9% |
60/40 | 14.3 | 99 | 14.0 | 96 | 2.5% |
80/20 | 13.1 | 90 | 12.6 | 87 | 4.0% |
90/10 | 12.3 | 85 | 11.9 | 82 | 3.3% |
99/1 | 11.3 | 78 | 11.3 | 78 | 0.5% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-152a
21.6/78.4 | 14.6 | 101 | 14.6 | 101 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 14.6 | 101 | 14.6 | 101 | 0.0% |
1/99 | 14.5 | 100 | 14.5 | 100 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 14.5 | 100 | 14.5 | 100 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 14.1 | 97 | 13.9 | 96 | 1.1% |
80/20 | 13.2 | 91 | 12.8 | 88 | 2.5% |
90/10 | 12.4 | 85 | 12.0 | 83 | 2.6% |
99/1 | 11.3 | 78 | 11.3 | 78 | 0.4% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-161
1/99 | 25.2 | 174 | 25.2 | 174 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 25.0 | 172 | 24.8 | 171 | 0.6% |
20/80 | 24.5 | 169 | 24.0 | 165 | 2.1% |
40/60 | 22.8 | 157 | 21.2 | 146 | 7.0% |
52/48 | 21.3 | 147 | 19.2 | 132 | 9.9% |
53/47 | 21.2 | 146 | 19.0 | 131 | 10.2% |
99/1 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.3 | 78 | 1.2% |
90/10 | 13.8 | 95 | 12.6 | 87 | 8.6% |
88/12 | 14.3 | 99 | 12.9 | 89 | 9.5% |
87/13 | 14.5 | 100 | 13.1 | 90 | 10.0% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-227ea
59.2/40.8 | 11.7 | 81 | 11.7 | 81 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.3% |
20/80 | 11.1 | 76 | 10.9 | 75 | 1.3% |
10/90 | 10.6 | 73 | 10.5 | 72 | 1.3% |
1/99 | 10.0 | 69 | 10.0 | 69 | 0.2% |
80/20 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.5 | 80 | 0.2% |
90/10 | 11.4 | 79 | 11.4 | 78 | 0.3% |
99/1 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.0% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-236ea | |||||
99/1 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.0% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
90/10 | 11.0 | 76 | 11.0 | 76 | 0.4% |
80/20 | 10.8 | 75 | 10.6 | 73 | 1.6% |
60/40 | 10.2 | 70 | 9.5 | 66 | 6.6% |
54/46 | 9.9 | 69 | 9.0 | 62 | 9.5% |
53/47 | 9.9 | 68 | 8.9 | 61 | 10.1% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-236fa
99/1 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.1% |
90/10 | 10.9 | 75 | 10.8 | 75 | 0.8% |
80/20 | 10.6 | 73 | 10.4 | 71 | 2.0% |
60/40 | 9.8 | 67 | 9.3 | 64 | 5.4% |
44/56 | 9.0 | 62 | 8.1 | 56 | 9.7% |
43/57 | 8.9 | 62 | 8.0 | 55 | 10.1% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-245fa
99/1 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.1 | 77 | 0.2% |
90/10 | 10.7 | 74 | 10.5 | 73 | 2.0% |
80/20 | 10.3 | 71 | 9.8 | 68 | 4.7% |
70/30 | 9.8 | 68 | 9.0 | 62 | 8.2% |
67/33 | 9.7 | 67 | 8.7 | 60 | 9.7% |
66/34 | 9.6 | 66 | 8.7 | 60 | 10.2% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/propane
28.5/71.5 | 30.3 | 209 | 30.3 | 209 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 30.0 | 206 | 29.9 | 206 | 0.3% |
1/99 | 29.5 | 203 | 29.5 | 203 | 0.1% |
40/60 | 30.2 | 208 | 30.1 | 207 | 0.4% |
60/40 | 29.3 | 202 | 28.3 | 195 | 3.4% |
71/29 | 28.4 | 196 | 25.7 | 177 | 9.3% |
72/28 | 28.3 | 195 | 25.4 | 175 | 10.2% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/n-butane
88.6/11.4 | 11.9 | 82 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.0% |
95/5 | 11.7 | 81 | 11.7 | 80 | 0.7% |
99/1 | 11.4 | 78 | 11.3 | 78 | 0.6% |
70/30 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.0 | 76 | 4.2% |
62/38 | 11.2 | 77 | 10.2 | 70 | 9.3% |
61/39 | 11.2 | 77 | 10.0 | 69 | 10.1% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/isobutane
77.9/22.1 | 12.9 | 89 | 12.9 | 89 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 12.6 | 87 | 12.4 | 85 | 1.6% |
99/1 | 11.4 | 79 | 11.3 | 78 | 1.1% |
60/40 | 12.6 | 87 | 12.3 | 85 | 2.4% |
39/61 | 11.7 | 81 | 10.6 | 73 | 9.8% |
38/62 | 11.7 | 81 | 10.5 | 72 | 10.1% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/DME
2018203293 11 May 2018
84.1/15.9 | 10.8 | 74 | 10.8 | 74 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 10.8 | 75 | 10.8 | 75 | 0.0% |
99/1 | 11.1 | 77 | 11.1 | 77 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 11.5 | 79 | 11.3 | 78 | 2.2% |
40/60 | 12.7 | 88 | 12.2 | 84 | 4.4% |
20/80 | 13.9 | 96 | 13.5 | 93 | 2.9% |
10/90 | 14.3 | 98 | 14.1 | 97 | 1.0% |
1/99 | 14.5 | 100 | 14.5 | 100 | 0.0% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/CF3SCF3
34.3/65.7 | 12.7 | 87 | 12.7 | 87 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 12.6 | 87 | 12.6 | 87 | 0.2% |
10/90 | 12.4 | 85 | 12.3 | 85 | 0.3% |
1/99 | 12.0 | 83 | 12.0 | 83 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 12.4 | 86 | 12.4 | 85 | 0.5% |
80/20 | 12.0 | 82 | 11.8 | 81 | 1.1% |
90/10 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.5 | 79 | 0.9% |
99/1 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.2% |
trans-HFC-1234ze/CF3l
1/99 | 11.9 | 82 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 11.9 | 82 | 11.9 | 82 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 11.8 | 81 | 11.8 | 81 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 11.4 | 79 | 11.4 | 79 | 0.1% |
80/20 | 11.3 | 78 | 11.3 | 78 | 0.1% |
90/10 | 11.3 | 78 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.1% |
99/1 | 11.2 | 77 | 11.2 | 77 | 0.0% |
HFC-32/HFC-125/trans-HFC-1234ze (25 °C)
30/40/30 | 221.5 | 1527 | 209.4 | 1444 | 5.5% |
30/50/20 | 227.5 | 1569 | 220.2 | 1518 | 3.2% |
HFC-125/trans-HFC-1234ze/n-butane (25°C)
66/32/2 | 180.4 | 1244 | 170.3 | 1174 | 5.6% |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134 | |||||
63.0/37.0 | 13.5 | 93 | 13.5 | 93 | 0.0% |
80/20 | 13.4 | 93 | 13.4 | 92 | 0.1% |
90/10 | 13.2 | 91 | 13.2 | 91 | 0.2% |
99/1 | 13.0 | 90 | 13.0 | 90 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 13.3 | 92 | 13.3 | 91 | 0.5% |
20/80 | 12.7 | 88 | 12.6 | 87 | 1.3% |
10/90 | 12.3 | 84 | 12.1 | 83 | 1.5% |
1/99 | 11.6 | 80 | 11.6 | 80 | 0.3% |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-134a | |||||
25.1/74.9 | 15.9 | 110 | 15.9 | 110 | 0.0% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
10/90 | 15.8 | 109 | 15.8 | 109 | 0.1% |
1/99 | 15.5 | 107 | 15.5 | 107 | 0.1% |
40/60 | 15.8 | 109 | 15.8 | 109 | 0.2% |
60/40 | 15.3 | 106 | 15.1 | 104 | 1.2% |
80/20 | 14.4 | 99 | 14.1 | 97 | 2.1% |
90/10 | 13.8 | 95 | 13.5 | 93 | 1.7% |
99/1 | 13.1 | 90 | 13.0 | 90 | 0.2% |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-152a
40.7/59.3 | 15.2 | 104 | 15.2 | 104 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 15.0 | 103 | 15.0 | 103 | 0.2% |
10/90 | 14.8 | 102 | 14.7 | 102 | 0.3% |
1/99 | 14.5 | 100 | 14.5 | 100 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 15.0 | 103 | 14.9 | 103 | 0.3% |
80/20 | 14.4 | 99 | 14.2 | 98 | 1.1% |
90/10 | 13.8 | 95 | 13.6 | 94 | 1.2% |
99/1 | 13.1 | 90 | 13.1 | 90 | 0.2% |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-161
1/99 | 25.2 | 174 | 25.2 | 174 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 24.9 | 172 | 24.8 | 171 | 0.3% |
20/80 | 24.5 | 169 | 24.2 | 167 | 0.9% |
40/60 | 23.3 | 160 | 22.6 | 156 | 2.9% |
60/40 | 21.5 | 148 | 20.1 | 139 | 6.3% |
78/22 | 18.8 | 130 | 16.9 | 117 | 10.0% |
90/10 | 16.2 | 111 | 14.6 | 101 | 9.5% |
99/1 | 13.4 | 92 | 13.1 | 90 | 1.7% |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-227ea
78.5/21.5 | 13.1 | 90 | 13.1 | 90 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 13.1 | 90 | 13.1 | 90 | 0.0% |
99/1 | 13.0 | 90 | 13.0 | 90 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 13.0 | 90 | 13.0 | 89 | 0.2% |
40/60 | 12.6 | 87 | 12.5 | 86 | 1.1% |
20/80 | 11.8 | 81 | 11.5 | 79 | 2.7% |
10/90 | 11.1 | 76 | 10.7 | 74 | 2.8% |
1/99 | 10.1 | 69 | 10.0 | 69 | 0.6% |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-236ea
99/1 | 13.0 | 89 | 13.0 | 89 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 12.8 | 88 | 12.7 | 87 | 0.5% |
80/20 | 12.5 | 86 | 12.3 | 84 | 1.8% |
60/40 | 11.7 | 81 | 11.0 | 76 | 6.6% |
53/47 | 11.4 | 79 | 10.3 | 71 | 9.9% |
52/48 | 11.4 | 78 | 10.2 | 70 | 10.5% |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-236fa | |||||
99/1 | 13.0 | 89 | 12.9 | 89 | 0.1% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
90/10 | 12.6 | 87 | 12.5 | 86 | 1.0% |
80/20 | 12.2 | 84 | 11.9 | 82 | 2.5% |
60/40 | 11.3 | 78 | 10.5 | 73 | 6.6% |
49/51 | 10.6 | 73 | 9.6 | 66 | 9.9% |
48/52 | 10.6 | 73 | 9.5 | 65 | 10.2% |
HFC-1243zf/HFC-245fa
99/1 | 12.9 | 89 | 12.9 | 89 | 0.2% |
90/10 | 12.5 | 86 | 12.2 | 84 | 2.1% |
80/20 | 12.0 | 83 | 11.4 | 79 | 4.6% |
70/30 | 11.5 | 79 | 10.6 | 73 | 7.9% |
66/34 | 11.3 | 78 | 10.2 | 70 | 9.6% |
65/35 | 11.2 | 77 | 10.1 | 69 | 10.2% |
HFC-1243zf/propane
32.8/67.2 | 31.0 | 213 | 31.0 | 213 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 30.3 | 209 | 30.1 | 207 | 0.7% |
1/99 | 29.5 | 204 | 29.5 | 203 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 30.1 | 208 | 29.2 | 201 | 3.2% |
72/28 | 29.0 | 200 | 26.1 | 180 | 10.2% |
71/29 | 29.2 | 201 | 26.5 | 182 | 9.3% |
HFC-1243zf/n-butane
90.3/9.7 | 13.5 | 93 | 13.5 | 93 | 0.0% |
99/1 | 13.1 | 90 | 13.1 | 90 | 0.2% |
62/38 | 12.6 | 87 | 11.4 | 79 | 9.4% |
61/39 | 12.6 | 87 | 11.3 | 78 | 10.3% |
HFC-1243zf/isobutane
80.7/19.3 | 14.3 | 98 | 14.3 | 98 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 14.1 | 97 | 14.0 | 96 | 0.9% |
99/1 | 13.2 | 91 | 13.1 | 90 | 0.7% |
60/40 | 13.8 | 95 | 13.4 | 92 | 3.2% |
45/55 | 13.1 | 91 | 11.9 | 82 | 9.5% |
44/56 | 13.1 | 90 | 11.8 | 81 | 10.1% |
HFC-1243zf/DME
72.7/27.3 | 12.0 | 83 | 12.0 | 83 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 12.4 | 85 | 12.3 | 85 | 0.5% |
99/1 | 12.9 | 89 | 12.9 | 89 | 0.1% |
60/40 | 12.2 | 84 | 12.1 | 84 | 0.5% |
40/60 | 13.0 | 90 | 12.7 | 88 | 2.2% |
20/80 | 14.0 | 96 | 13.7 | 95 | 2.0% |
10/90 | 14.3 | 99 | 14.2 | 98 | 0.6% |
1/99 | 14.5 | 100 | 14.5 | 100 | 0.0% |
cis-HFC-1234ze/HFC-236ea (25 °C)
20.9/79.1 30.3 209 30.3 209 0.0%
2018203293 11 May 2018
10/90 | 30.2 | 208 | 30.2 | 208 | 0.0% |
1/99 | 29.9 | 206 | 29.9 | 206 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 30.0 | 207 | 30.0 | 207 | 0.2% |
60/40 | 29.2 | 201 | 28.9 | 199 | 0.9% |
80/20 | 27.8 | 191 | 27.4 | 189 | 1.4% |
90/10 | 26.8 | 185 | 26.5 | 183 | 1.1% |
99/1 | 25.9 | 178 | 25.8 | 178 | 0.2% |
cis-HFC-1234ze/HFC-236fa (25 °C)
1/99 | 39.3 | 271 | 39.3 | 271 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 38.6 | 266 | 38.4 | 265 | 0.3% |
20/80 | 37.6 | 259 | 37.3 | 257 | 0.9% |
40/60 | 35.4 | 244 | 34.5 | 238 | 2.5% |
60/40 | 32.8 | 226 | 31.4 | 216 | 4.3% |
78/22 | 29.6 | 204 | 28.2 | 195 | 4.8% |
90/10 | 27.8 | 192 | 26.9 | 185 | 3.4% |
99/1 | 26.0 | 179 | 25.8 | 178 | 0.5% |
cis-HFC-1234ze/HFC-245fa (25 | °C) | ||||
76.2/23.7 | 26.2 | 180 | 26.2 | 180 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 26.0 | 179 | 26.0 | 179 | 0.0% |
99/1 | 25.8 | 178 | 25.8 | 178 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 26.0 | 179 | 25.9 | 179 | 0.2% |
40/60 | 25.3 | 174 | 25.0 | 173 | 0.9% |
20/80 | 23.9 | 164 | 23.5 | 162 | 1.7% |
10/90 | 22.8 | 157 | 22.5 | 155 | 1.5% |
1/99 | 21.6 | 149 | 21.5 | 149 | 0.2% |
cis-HFC-1234ze/n-butane | |||||
51.4/48.6 | 6.1 | 42 | 6.1 | 42 | 0.0% |
80/20 | 5.8 | 40 | 5.2 | 36 | 9.3% |
81/19 | 5.8 | 40 | 5.2 | 36 | 10.4% |
40/60 | 6.1 | 42 | 6.0 | 41 | 0.7% |
20/80 | 5.8 | 40 | 5.6 | 39 | 3.3% |
10/90 | 5.6 | 38 | 5.4 | 37 | 3.1% |
1/99 | 5.3 | 36 | 5.2 | 36 | 0.6% |
cis-HFC-1234ze/isobutane | |||||
26.2/73.8 | 8.7 | 60 | 8.7 | 60 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 8.7 | 60 | 8.6 | 59 | 0.3% |
1/99 | 8.5 | 59 | 8.5 | 59 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 8.7 | 60 | 8.6 | 60 | 0.5% |
60/40 | 8.4 | 58 | 8.0 | 55 | 4.3% |
70/30 | 8.1 | 56 | 7.3 | 50 | 10.3% |
69/31 | 8.2 | 56 | 7.4 | 51 | 9.4% |
cis-HFC-1234ze/2-methylbutane (25 °C)
86.6/13.4 27.3 188 27.3
188
0.0%
2018203293 11 May 2018
90/10 | 27.2 | 187 | 27.2 | 187 | 0.1% |
99/1 | 26.0 | 180 | 25.9 | 179 | 0.5% |
60/40 | 25.8 | 178 | 24.0 | 166 | 6.9% |
55/45 | 25.3 | 174 | 22.8 | 157 | 10.0% |
cis-HFC-1234ze/n-pentane (25 | °C) | ||||
92.9/9.1 | 26.2 | 181 | 26.2 | 181 | 0.0% |
99/1 | 25.9 | 178 | 25.9 | 178 | 0.1% |
80/20 | 25.6 | 177 | 25.2 | 174 | 1.8% |
70/30 | 24.8 | 171 | 23.5 | 162 | 5.6% |
64/36 | 24.3 | 167 | 22.0 | 152 | 9.2% |
63/37 | 24.2 | 167 | 21.8 | 150 | 9.9% |
HFC-1234ye/HFC-134 | (25 °C) | ||||
1/99 | 75.9 | 523 | 75.8 | 523 | 0.1% |
10/90 | 73.8 | 509 | 73.0 | 503 | 1.1% |
20/80 | 71.3 | 491 | 69.0 | 476 | 3.1% |
38/62 | 66.0 | 455 | 59.6 | 411 | 9.7% |
39/61 | 65.7 | 453 | 58.9 | 406 | 10.2% |
HFC-1234ye/HFC-236ea (-25 °C)
24.0/76.0 | 3.4 | 23 | 3.4 | 23 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 3.3 | 23 | 3.3 | 23 | 0.3% |
1/99 | 3.3 | 23 | 3.3 | 23 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 3.3 | 23 | 3.3 | 23 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 3.2 | 22 | 3.2 | 22 | 0.9% |
80/20 | 3.1 | 21 | 3.0 | 21 | 1.6% |
90/10 | 2.9 | 20 | 2.9 | 20 | 1.4% |
99/1 | 2.8 | 19 | 2.8 | 19 | 0.0% |
HFC-1234ye/HFC-236fa (25 °C)
1/99 | 39.2 | 270 | 39.2 | 270 | 0.1% |
10/90 | 37.7 | 260 | 37.3 | 257 | 1.1% |
20/80 | 36.1 | 249 | 35.2 | 243 | 2.5% |
40/60 | 32.8 | 226 | 31.0 | 213 | 5.7% |
60/40 | 29.3 | 202 | 26.7 | 184 | 8.8% |
78/22 | 25.4 | 175 | 23.1 | 159 | 9.1% |
90/10 | 23.2 | 160 | 21.7 | 150 | 6.3% |
99/1 | 21.0 | 145 | 20.8 | 144 | 0.8% |
HFC-1234ye/HFC-245fa (25 °C)
42.5/57.5 | 22.8 | 157 | 22.8 | 157 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 22.5 | 155 | 22.4 | 155 | 0.3% |
10/90 | 22.1 | 152 | 22.0 | 152 | 0.3% |
1/99 | 21.5 | 148 | 21.5 | 148 | 0.0% |
60/40 | 22.6 | 156 | 22.6 | 156 | 0.2% |
80/20 | 22.0 | 152 | 21.9 | 151 | 0.6% |
90/10 | 21.5 | 148 | 21.3 | 147 | 0.6% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
99/1
20.8 144 20.8
143 0.1%
HFC-1234ye/cis-HFC-1234ze (25 °C)
1/99 | 25.7 | 177 | 25.7 | 177 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 25.6 | 176 | 25.6 | 176 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 25.3 | 175 | 25.3 | 174 | 0.1% |
40/60 | 24.7 | 170 | 24.5 | 169 | 0.5% |
60/40 | 23.7 | 163 | 23.5 | 162 | 1.0% |
78/22 | 22.4 | 155 | 22.2 | 153 | 1.2% |
90/10 | 21.7 | 149 | 21.5 | 148 | 0.9% |
99/1 | 20.9 | 144 | 20.8 | 144 | 0.1% |
HFC-1234ye/n-butane (25 °C)
41.2/58.8 | 38.0 | 262 | 38.0 | 262 | 0.0% |
20/80 | 37.3 | 257 | 37.0 | 255 | 0.8% |
10/90 | 36.4 | 251 | 36.1 | 249 | 0.9% |
1/99 | 35.4 | 244 | 35.3 | 243 | 0.2% |
60/40 | 37.4 | 258 | 36.9 | 254 | 1.4% |
70/30 | 36.5 | 252 | 34.9 | 241 | 4.4% |
78/22 | 35.3 | 243 | 31.8 | 219 | 9.9% |
79/21 | 35.1 | 242 | 31.3 | 216 | 10.9% |
HFC-1234ye/cyclopentane (25 °C)
99/1 | 20.7 | 143 | 20.7 | 143 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 20.3 | 140 | 20.0 | 138 | 1.0% |
80/20 | 19.5 | 134 | 18.7 | 129 | 4.1% |
70/30 | 18.6 | 128 | 16.9 | 116 | 9.5% |
69/31 | 18.5 | 128 | 16.6 | 115 | 10.3% |
HFC-1234ye/isobutane (25 °C)
16.4/83.6 | 50.9 | 351 | 50.9 | 351 | 0.0% |
10/90 | 50.9 | 351 | 50.9 | 351 | 0.0% |
1/99 | 50.5 | 348 | 50.5 | 348 | 0.0% |
40/60 | 50.1 | 345 | 49.6 | 342 | 1.0% |
60/40 | 47.8 | 330 | 45.4 | 313 | 5.2% |
68/32 | 46.4 | 320 | 42.0 | 289 | 9.5% |
69/31 | 46.2 | 318 | 41.4 | 286 | 10.3% |
HFC-1234ye/2-methylbutane (25 °C)
80.3/19.7 | 23.1 | 159 | 23.1 | 159 | 0.0% |
90/10 | 22.8 | 157 | 22.6 | 156 | 1.1% |
99/1 | 21.2 | 146 | 20.9 | 144 | 1.0% |
60/40 | 22.5 | 155 | 21.7 | 149 | 3.6% |
47/53 | 21.5 | 148 | 19.4 | 134 | 9.6% |
46/54 | 21.4 | 148 | 19.2 | 133 | 10.1% |
HFC-1234ye/n-pentane (25 °C) | |||||
87.7/12.3 | 21.8 | 150 | 21.8 | 150 | 0.0% |
2018203293 11 May 2018
95/5 | 21.5 | 149 | 21.4 | 148 | 0.5% |
99/1 | 21.0 | 145 | 20.9 | 144 | 0.4% |
60/40 | 20.5 | 141 | 18.9 | 131 | 7.7% |
57/43 | 20.3 | 140 | 18.3 | 126 | 9.7% |
56/44 | 20.2 | 139 | 18.1 | 125 | 10.4% |
The difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent is removed is less then about 10 percent for compositions of the present 5 invention. This indicates that the compositions of the present invention would be azeotropic or near-azeotropic.
EXAMPLE 2
Refrigeration Performance Data
Table 10 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention as compared to HFC-134a. In Table 10, Evap Pres is evaporator pressure, Cond Pres is condenser pressure, Comp Disch T is compressor discharge temperature, COP is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data are based on the following conditions.
Evaporator temperature Condenser temperature Subcool temperature Return gas temperature Compressor efficiency is
40.0°F (4.4°C)
130.0°F (54.4°C)
10.0°F (5.5°C)
60.0°F (15.6°C)
100%
Note that the superheat is included in cooling capacity calculations.
TABLE 10
Composition (wt%) | Evap Pres (Psia) | Evap Pres (kPa) | Cond Pres (Psia) | Cond Pres (kPa) | Comp Disch T | Comp Disch T | Cap (Btu/ | Cap (kW) | COP |
(F) | (C) | min) | |||||||
HFC-134a | 50.3 | 346 | 214 | 1476 | 156 | 68.9 | 213 | 3.73 | 4.41 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a (85/15) | 39.8 | 274 | 173 | 1193 | 151 | 66.1 | 173 | 3.03 | 4.45 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32 (95/5) | 46.5 | 321 | 197 | 1358 | 151 | 66.1 | 200 | 3.50 | 4.53 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-32 (97/3) | 43.1 | 297 | 184 | 1269 | 149 | 65.0 | 186 | 3.26 | 4.50 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a (90/10) | 39.5 | 272 | 172 | 1186 | 147 | 63.9 | 169 | 2.96 | 4.40 |
HFC-1225ye/CO2 (99/1) | 43.2 | 298 | 179 | 1234 | 146 | 63.3 | 177 | 3.10 | 4.63 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC-32 (88/9/3) | 44.5 | 307 | 190 | 1310 | 150 | 65.6 | 191 | 3.35 | 4.49 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC152a (76/9/15) | 41.0 | 283 | 178 | 1227 | 153 | 67.2 | 178 | 3.12 | 4.44 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC- 161 (86/10/4) | 42.0 | 290 | 181 | 1248 | 150 | 65.6 | 179 | 3.13 | 4.42 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/propane (87/10/3) | 47.0 | 324 | 195 | 1345 | 148 | 64.4 | 197 | 3.45 | 4.49 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/i-butane (87/10/3) | 41.7 | 288 | 178 | 1227 | 146 | 63.3 | 175 | 3.06 | 4.39 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/DME (87/10/3) | 38.7 | 267 | 169 | 1165 | 149 | 65.0 | 168 | 2.94 | 4.44 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/CO2 (88.5/11/.5) | 42.4 | 292 | 180 | 1241 | 147 | 63.9 | 182 | 3.18 | 4.51 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134/HFC-32 (88/9/3) | 43.0 | 296 | 185 | 1276 | 150 | 65.6 | 187 | 3.27 | 4.51 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/HFC-32 (85/10/5) | 46.7 | 322 | 198 | 1365 | 155 | 68.3 | 203 | 3.55 | 4.53 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/HFC-32 (81/15/4) | 45.5 | 314 | 193 | 1331 | 155 | 68.3 | 198 | 3.47 | 4.52 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/HFC-32 (82/15/3) | 44.1 | 304 | 188 | 1296 | 155 | 68.3 | 192 | 3.36 | 4.50 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/propane (85/13/2) | 44.4 | 306 | 185 | 1276 | 151 | 66.1 | 190 | 3.33 | 4.52 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/i-butane (85/13/2) | 40.9 | 282 | 176 | 1214 | 150 | 65.6 | 175 | 3.06 | 4.44 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/DME (85/13/2) | 39.0 | 269 | 170 | 1172 | 152 | 66.7 | 171 | 3.00 | 4.46 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-152a/CO2 (84/15/1) | 44.8 | 309 | 185 | 1276 | 151 | 66.1 | 195 | 3.42 | 4.64 |
HFC-1225ye/ HFC-152a/CO2 (84/15.5/0.5) | 42.3 | 292 | 179 | 1234 | 151 | 66.1 | 184 | 3.22 | 4.55 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-32 (95/5) | 58.6 | 404 | 230 | 1586 | 149 | 65.0 | 228 | 4.00 | 4.36 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-134a (90/10) | 52.7 | 363 | 210 | 1448 | 145 | 62.8 | 206 | 3.61 | 4.33 |
HFC-1234yf/HFC-152a (80/20) | 53.5 | 369 | 213 | 1468 | 150 | 65.6 | 213 | 3.73 | 4.38 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-32 (95/5) | 42.6 | 294 | 183 | 1262 | 153 | 67.2 | 186 | 3.26 | 4.51 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-134a (90/10) | 38.1 | 263 | 166 | 1145 | 149 | 65.0 | 165 | 2.89 | 4.44 |
trans-HFC-1234ze/HFC-152a (80/20) | 41.0 | 284 | 176 | 1214 | 154 | 67.8 | 177 | 3.10 | 4.48 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf (51/49) | 46.0 | 317 | 190 | 1310 | 145 | 62.8 | 186 | 3.26 | 4.35 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf (60/40) | 44.0 | 303 | 187 | 1289 | 146 | 63.3 | 179 | 3.13 | 4.30 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 134a (70/20/10) | 43.0 | 296 | 183 | 1261 | 147 | 63.9 | 179 | 3.13 | 4.38 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 134a (20/70/10) | 50.7 | 350 | 205 | 1412 | 145 | 62.8 | 200 | 3.50 | 4.34 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 32 (25/73/2) | 53.0 | 365 | 212 | 1464 | 146 | 63.3 | 210 | 3.68 | 4.37 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 32 (75/23/2) | 45.3 | 312 | 190 | 1312 | 148 | 64.4 | 189 | 3.31 | 4.43 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 152a (70/25/5) | 42.8 | 295 | 181 | 1250 | 147 | 63.9 | 179 | 3.13 | 4.40 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 152a (25/70/5) | 49.9 | 344 | 202 | 1392 | 146 | 63.3 | 199 | 3.49 | 4.35 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 125 (25/71/4) | 51.6 | 356 | 207 | 1429 | 145 | 62.8 | 202 | 3.54 | 4.33 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 125 (75/21/4) | 43.4 | 299 | 184 | 1268 | 146 | 63.3 | 180 | 3.15 | 4.38 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 125 (75/24/1) | 42.4 | 292 | 180 | 1241 | 145 | 62.8 | 176 | 3.08 | 4.39 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 125 (25/74/1) | 50.2 | 346 | 202 | 1395 | 144 | 62.2 | 198 | 3.47 | 4.33 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf (25/75) | 49.8 | 343 | 201 | 1383 | 144 | 62.2 | 196 | 3.43 | 4.34 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/CF3l ( 40/40/20) | 47.9 | 330 | 195.0 | 1344 | 147.5 | 64.2 | 192 | 3.36 | 4.34 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/CF3l (45/45/10) | 47.0 | 324 | 192.9 | 1330 | 146 | 63.3 | 189 | 3.31 | 4.35 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-1234yf/HFC- 32 (49/49/2) | 49.5 | 341 | 202.5 | 1396 | 146.9 | 63.8 | 201 | 3.52 | 4.4 |
HFC-1225ye/HFC-134a/HFC152a/HFC-32 (74/8/17/1 )transHFC | 42.5 | 293 | 183 | 1260 | 154 | 67.8 | 184.3 | 3.23 | 4.47 |
Several compositions have even higher energy efficiency (COP) than HFC-134a while maintaining lower discharge pressures and temperatures. Capacity for the present compositions is also similar to
R134a indicating these could be replacement refrigerants for R134a in refrigeration and air-conditioning, and in mobile air-conditioning applications in particular. Those compositions containing hydrocarbon may also improve oil solubility with conventional mineral oil and alkyl benzene lubricants.
EXAMPLE 3
Refrigeration Performance Data
Table 11 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention as compared to R404A and R422A.
In Table 11, Evap Pres is evaporator pressure, Cond Pres is condenser pressure, Comp Disch T is compressor discharge temperature, EER is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data are based on the following conditions.
Evaporator temperature -17.8°C
Condenser temperature 46.1 °C
2018203293 11 May 2018
Subcool temperature 5.5°C
Return gas temperature 15.6°C
Compressor efficiency is 70%
Note that the superheat is included in cooling capacity calculations.
TABLE 11
Existing Refrigerant Product | Evap Press [kPa]] | Cond P Press (kPa) | Compr Disch T (ci | CAP (kJ/m3) | EER | |
R22 | 267 | 1774 | 144 | 1697 | 4.99 | |
R404A | 330 | 2103 | 101.1 | 1769 | 4.64 | |
R507A | 342 | 2151 | 100.3 | 1801 | 4.61 | |
R422A | 324 | 2124 | 95.0 | 1699 | 4.54 | |
Candidate | wt% | |||||
Replacement HFC-125/HFC- | 85.1/11.5/3.4 | 330 | 2137 | 93.3 | 1699 | 4.50 |
1225ye/isobutane HFC-125/trans-HFC- | 86.1/11.5/2.4 | 319 | 2096 | 94.4 | 1669 | 4.52 |
1234ze/isobutane HFC-125/HFC- | 87.1/11.5/1.4 | 343 | 2186 | 93.3 | 1758 | 4.52 |
1234yf/isobutane HFC-125/HFC- | 85.1/11.5/3.4 | 322 | 2106 | 93.5 | 1674 | 4.52 |
1225ye/n-butane HFC-125/trans-HFC- | 86.1/11.5/2.4 | 314 | 2083 | 94.8 | 1653 | 4.53 |
1234ze/n-butane HFC-125/HFC- | 87.1/11.5/1.4 | 340 | 2173 | 93.4 | 1748 | 4.53 |
1234yf/n-butane HFC-32/HFC- | 10/10/'80 | 173 | 1435 | 107 | 1159 | 4.97 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 25/25/50 | 276 | 2041 | 120 | 1689 | 4.73 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 25/40/35 | 314 | 2217 | 119 | 1840 | 4.66 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/10/60 | 265 | 1990 | 125 | 1664 | 4.78 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/15/55 | 276 | 2046 | 125 | 1710 | 4.76 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/20/50 | 287 | 2102 | 124 | 1757 | 4.73 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/30/40 | 311 | 2218 | 124 | 1855 | 4.68 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/35/35 | 324 | 2271 | 123 | 1906 | 4.66 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 35/15/50 | 296 | 2157 | 129 | 1820 | 4.72 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 35/20/45 | 308 | 2212 | 129 | 1868 | 4.70 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 35/30/35 | 332 | 2321 | 127 | 1968 | 4.66 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 35/40/25 | 357 | 2424 | 126 | 2068 | 4.64 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 50/30/20 | 390 | 2584 | 138 | 2277 | 4.54 |
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125/HFC-1225ye
HFC-32/HFC- | 40/30/30 | 353 | 2418 | 131 | 2077 | 4.66 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 40/35/25 | 364 | 2465 | 131 | 2124 | 4.64 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 45/30/25 | 372 | 2505 | 135 | 2180 | 4.66 |
125/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 10/20/10/60 | 190 | 1517 | 110 | 1255 | 4.97 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 15/25/10/50 | 221 | 1709 | 115 | 1422 | 4.90 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 20/20/15/45 | 229 | 1755 | 121 | 1485 | 4.90 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/20/50 | 272 | 1984 | 130 | 1706 | 4.80 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 40/10/50 | 299 | 2159 | 137 | 1860 | 1.00 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/30/40 | 286 | 2030 | 133 | 1774 | 4.80 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/60/10 | 314 | 2120 | 144 | 1911 | 4.75 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 40/20/40 | 315 | 2214 | 139 | 1936 | 4.73 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/50/20 | 309 | 2101 | 139 | 1885 | 4.78 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 40/40/20 | 346 | 2309 | 145 | 2079 | 4.71 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 45/45/10 | 373 | 2432 | 152 | 2217 | 4.67 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 45/10/45 | 319 | 2260 | 141 | 1964 | 4.71 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 50/10/40 | 338 | 2353 | 145 | 2065 | 4.68 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 50/20/30 | 356 | 2410 | 147 | 2150 | 4.68 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 25/5/70 | 230 | 1781 | 122 | 1495 | 4.90 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 60/30/10 | 409 | 2626 | 158 | 2434 | 4.66 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 50/25/25 | 364 | 2437 | 149 | 2192 | 4.68 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC1225ye
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HFC-32/HFC- | 50/20/30 | 356 | 2410 | 147 | 2156 | 4.68 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 25/50/25 | 284 | 1964 | 134 | 1754 | 4.85 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 45/30/25 | 353 | 2368 | 146 | 2124 | 4.71 |
125/HFC-152a/HFC- 1225ye HFC-32/CF3l/HFC- | 5/50/45 | 199 | 1377 | 107 | 1254 | 5.11 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 5/30/65 | 197 | 1382 | 103 | 1241 | 5.11 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 10/25/65 | 220 | 1542 | 107 | 1374 | 5.04 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 20/10/70 | 255 | 1786 | 114 | 1577 | 4.95 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 30/10/60 | 295 | 2020 | 123 | 1795 | 4.88 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 30/20/50 | 305 | 2057 | 125 | 1843 | 4.85 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 30/30/40 | 314 | 2091 | 128 | 1887 | 4.85 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 20/40/40 | 275 | 1861 | 121 | 1679 | 4.92 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 10/40/50 | 225 | 1558 | 111 | 1404 | 5.04 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 50/20/30 | 378 | 2447 | 143 | 2238 | 4.73 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 40/30/30 | 354 | 2305 | 137 | 2099 | 4.76 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 40/40/20 | 360 | 2336 | 142 | 2136 | 4.74 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 35/35/30 | 338 | 2217 | 135 | 2015 | 4.78 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 35/30/35 | 334 | 2202 | 133 | 1996 | 4.80 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 50/25/25 | 384 | 2468 | 145 | 2267 | 4.72 |
1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 40/20/20/20 | 331 | 2246 | 136 | 1999 | 4.76 |
1225ye/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 30/20/25/25 | 290 | 2029 | 127 | 1782 | 4.83 |
1225ye/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/CF3I/HFC- | 30/10/30/30 | 279 | 1987 | 125 | 1728 | 4.83 |
1225ye/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/HFC- | 25/25/25/25 | 297 | 2089 | 118 | 1772 | 4.76 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 20/30/25/25 | 286 | 2025 | 113 | 1702 | 4.64 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 20/30/30/20 | 290 | 2033 | 113 | 1717 | 4.76 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 20/30/40/10 | 297 | 2048 | 112 | 1746 | 4.78 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/30/20/20 | 328 | 2251 | 122 | 1925 | 4.71 |
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125/HFC- | ||||||
1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/30/1/39 | 312 | 2217 | 123 | 1858 | 4.68 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/30/39/1 | 342 | 2275 | 120 | 1979 | 4.73 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/30/10/30 | 320 | 2235 | 123 | 1891 | 4.68 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 35/30/5/30 | 337 | 2330 | 127 | 1986 | 4.66 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 20/15/10/55 | 240 | 1818 | 115 | 1513 | 4.85 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/15/10/45 | 284 | 2066 | 124 | 1743 | 4.76 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 40/30/15/15 | 341 | 2364 | 132 | 2022 | 4.66 |
125/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/25/5/35/5 | 335 | 2240 | 121 | 1954 | 4.76 |
125/CF3I/HFC- 1234yf/HFC-1225ye HFC-32/HFC- | 30/25/5/40 | 338 | 2245 | 121 | 1966 | 4.76 |
125/CF3l/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/HFC- | 25/35/35/5 | 323 | 2195 | 115 | 1837 | 4.64 |
125/HFC- 1225ye/isobutane HFC-32/HFC- | 25/38/35/2 | 318 | 2214 | 117 | 1837 | 4.64 |
125/HFC- 1225ye/isobutane HFC-32/HFC- | 25/38/35/2 | 330 | 2297 | 118 | 1892 | 4.59 |
125/HFC- 1225ye/propane HFC-32/CF3l/HFC- | 50/20/25/5 | 321 | 2252 | 150 | 2010 | 4.76 |
1225ye/DME HFC-32/HFC- | 35/30/30/5 | 293 | 2135 | 131 | 1823 | 4.76 |
125/HFC1225ye/DME HFC-32/HFC- | 35/33/30/2 | 320 | 2268 | 129 | 1925 | 4.68 |
125/HFC1225ye/DME HFC-32/HFC- | 35/35/28/2 | 324 | 2288 | 129 | 1943 | 4.68 |
125/HFC1225ye/DME HFC-32/HFC- | 25/50/25 | 365 | 2376 | 115 | 2040 | 4.66 |
125/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/HFC- | 30/30/40 | 343 | 2276 | 120 | 1982 | 4.73 |
125/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/HFC- | 20/30/50 | 303 | 2059 | 112 | 1770 | 4.78 |
125/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/HFC- | 25/25/10/40 | 323 | 2154 | 118 | 1884 | 4.78 |
125/CF3l/HFC-1234yf HFC-32/HFC- | 25/25/10/40 | 291 | 2088 | 121 | 1757 | 4.73 |
125/CF3I/HFC- |
2018203293 11 May 2018
1225ye
HFC-32/HFC- 20/30/10/40 279 2017 117 1680 4.73
125/CF3I/HFC1225ye
HFC-32/HFC- 20/35/5/40 285 2056 116 1699 4.71
125/CF3I/HFC1225ye
Several compositions have energy efficiency (COP) comparable top R404A and R422A. Discharge temperatures are also lower than R404A and R507A. Capacity for the present compositions is 5 also similar to R404A, R507A, and R422A indicating these could be replacement refrigerants for in refrigeration and air-conditioning. Those compositions containing hydrocarbon may also improve oil solubility with conventional mineral oil and alkyl benzene lubricants.
EXAMPLE 4
Refrigeration Performance Data
Table 12 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention as compared to HCFC-22, R410A,
R407C, and R417A. In Table 12, Evap Pres is evaporator pressure, Cond Pres is condenser pressure, Comp Disch T is compressor discharge temperature, EER is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data are | |
based on the following conditions. | |
Evaporator temperature | 4.4°C |
Condenser temperature | 54.4°C |
Subcool temperature | 5.5°C |
Return gas temperature | 15.6°C |
Compressor efficiency is | 100% |
Note that the superheat is included in cooling capacity calculations.
TABLE 12
Existing Refrigerant Product | Evap Press [kPa)) | Cond Press (kPa) | Compr Disch T ici | CAP (kJ/m3) | EER |
R22 | 573 | 2149 | 88.6 | 3494 | 14.73 |
R410A | 911 | 3343 | 89.1 | 4787 | 13.07 |
R407C | 567 | 2309 | 80.0 | 3397 | 14.06 |
R417A | 494 | 1979 | 67.8 | 2768 | 13.78 |
Candidate Replacement wt%
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC- | 30/40/30 | 732 | 2823 | 81.1 | 3937 | 13.20 |
1225ye HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC- | 23/25/52 | 598 | 2429 | 78.0 | 3409 | 13.54 |
1225ye HFC-32/HFC-125/trans- | 30/50/20 | 749 | 2865 | 81.7 | 3975 | 13.10 |
HFC-1234ze HFC-32/HFC-125/trans- | 23/25/52 | 546 | 2252 | 78.9 | 3222 | 13.80 |
HFC-1234ze HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC- | 40/50/10 | 868 | 3185 | 84.4 | 4496 | 13.06 |
1234yf HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC- | 23/25/52 | 656 | 2517 | 76.7 | 3587 | 13.62 |
1234yf HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC- | 15/45/40 | 669 | 2537 | 73.3 | 3494 | 13.28 |
1234yf HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC- | 10/60/30 | 689 | 2586 | 71.3 | 3447 | 12.96 |
1234yf HFC-125/HFC-1225ye/n- | 65/32/3 | 563 | 2213 | 66.1 | 2701 | 12.87 |
butane HFC-125/trans-HFC- | 66/32/2 | 532 | 2130 | 67.2 | 2794 | 13.08 |
1234ze/n-butane HFC-125/HFC-1234yf/n- | 67/32/1 | 623 | 2344 | 66.1 | 3043 | 12.85 |
butane HFC-125/HFC- | 65/32/3 | 574 | 2244 | 66.2 | 2874 | 12.79 |
1225ye/isobutane HFC-125/trans-HFC- | 66/32/2 | 538 | 2146 | 67.4 | 2808 | 13.04 |
1234ze/isobutane HFC-125/HFC- | 67/32/1 | 626 | 2352 | 66.3 | 3051 | 12.83 |
1234yf/isobutane
Compositions have energy efficiency (EER) comparable to R22, R407C, R417A, and R410A while maintaining low discharge temperatures. Capacity for the present compositions is also similar to
R22, R407C and R417A indicating these could be replacement refrigerants for in refrigeration and air-conditioning. Those compositions containing hydrocarbon may also improve oil solubility with conventional mineral oil and alkyl benzene lubricant.
EXAMPLE 5
Refrigeration Performance Data
Table 12 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention as compared to HCFC-22 and R410A. In Table 12, Evap Pres is evaporator pressure, Cond Pres is 15 condenser pressure, Comp Disch T is compressor discharge temperature,
2018203293 11 May 2018
EER is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data are based on the following conditions.
Evaporator temperature | 4°C |
Condenser temperature | 43°C |
Subcool temperature | 6°C |
Return gas temperature | 18°C |
Compressor efficiency is | 70% |
Note that the superheat is included in cooling capacity calculations.
TABLE 13
Composition (wt%) | Evap | Cond | Compr | CAP EER |
Press | Press | Disch | (kJ/m3) | |
(kPa) | (kPa) | Temp (C) |
R22 | 565 | 1648 | 90.9 | 3808 | 9.97 |
R410A | 900 | 2571 | 88.1 | 5488 | 9.27 |
HFC-32/HFC-1225ye (40/60) | 630 | 1948 | 86.7 | 4242 | 9.56 |
HFC-32/HFC-1225ye (45/55) | 666 | 2041 | 88.9 | 4445 | 9.49 |
HFC-32/HFC-1225ye (50/50) | 701 | 2127 | 91.0 | 4640 | 9.45 |
HFC-32/HFC-1225ye/CF3l (40/30/20) | 711 | 2104 | 90.6 | 4605 | 9.56 |
HFC-32/HFC-1225ye/CF3l (45/30/25) | 737 | 2176 | 92.2 | 4765 | 9.45 |
HFC-32/HFC-1225ye/CF3l (45/35/20) | 724 | 2151 | 91.4 | 4702 | 9.45 |
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC-1225ye (40/30/30) | 607 | 1880 | 87.8 | 4171 | 9.69 |
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC-1225ye (45/30/25) | 637 | 1958 | 89.9 | 4347 | 9.66 |
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC-1225ye (45/35/20) | 631 | 1944 | 90.2 | 4326 | 9.69 |
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC- 1234yf/CF3l (30/20/5/45) | 611 | 1845 | 89.6 | 4107 | 9.66 |
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC- 1234yf/CF3l (25/20/10/45) | 575 | 1745 | 86.5 | 3891 | 9.76 |
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC- 1234yf/CF3l (35/10/5/40) | 646 | 1939 | 91.2 | 4308 | 9.62 |
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC- 1225ye/HFC-1234yf (34/12/47/7) | 587 | 1822 | 84 | 4001 | 9.69 |
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC- 1225ye/HFC-1234yf (30/8/52/10) | 561 | 1752 | 81.9 | 3841 | 9.73 |
2018203293 11 May 2018
HFC-32/HFC-134a/HFC- | 597 | 1852 | 84.3 | 4051 | 9.66 |
1225ye/HFC-1234yf (35/6/52/7) |
Compositions have energy efficiency (EER) comparable to R22 and R410A while maintaining reasonable discharge temperatures. Capacity for the present compositions is also similar to R22 indicating these could be replacement refrigerants for in refrigeration and air-conditioning.
EXAMPLE 6
Flammability
Flammable compounds may be identified by testing under ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) E681-01, with an electronic ignition source. Such tests of flammability were conducted on HFC1234yf, HFC-1225ye and a mixture of the present disclosure at 101 kPa (14.7 psia), 100 °C (212 °F), and 50 percent relative humidity, at various concentrations in air in order to determine the lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL). The results are given in Table 13.
TABLE 14
Composition | LFL (vol % in air) | UFL (vol % in air) |
HFC-1225ye (100 wt%) | Non-flammable | Non-flammable |
HFC-1234yf (100 wt%) | 5.0 | 14.5 |
HFC- 1234yf/1225ye (50/50 wt%) | 8.5 | 12.0 |
HFC- 1234yf/1225ye (40/60 wt%) | Non-flammable | Non-flammable |
The results indicate that while HFC-1234yf is flammable, addition of HFC-1225ye reduces the flammability. Therefore, compositions comprising about 1 weight percent to about 49 weight percent HFC-1234yf and about 99 weight percent to about 51 weight percent HFC-1225ye are preferred.
2018203293 09 Apr 2019
The Claims defining the invention are as follows:
Claims (19)
1. A composition comprising an azeotropic or near-azeotropic composition selected from the group consisting of:
25.1 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 74.9 weight percent HFC-134a having a vapor pressure of about 15.9 psia (110 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
40.7 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 59.3 weight percent HFC-152a having a vapor pressure of about 15.2 psia (104 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1243zf and about weight percent 99 to about 1 weight percent HFC-134;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-161;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-227ea;
about 53 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1243zf and about 47 to about 1 weight percent HFC-236ea;
about 49 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1243zf and about 51 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-236fa;
about 66 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1243zf and about 34 weight percent to about 1 weight percent HFC-245fa;
about 1 weight percent to about 71 weight percent HFC1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 29 weight percent propane;
about 62 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1243zf and about 38 weight percent to about 1 weight percent nbutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent HFC1243zf and about 99 weight percent to about 1 weight percent dimethylether;
2018203293 09 Apr 2019 about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC134 and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC227ea;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC134 and about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent nbutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC134 and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent dimethylether;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC134 and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent CF3I;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC134a and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC152a;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC134a and about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent nbutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 70 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 70 weight percent HFC152a and about 29 weight percent to about 98 weight percent propane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC152a and about 1 weight percent to about 30 weight percent nbutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC152a and about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent isobutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC89
2018203293 09 Apr 2019
152a and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent dimethylether;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC227ea and about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent nbutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 90 weight percent HFC227ea and about 1 weight percent to about 50 weight percent isobutane;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 80 weight percent HFC227ea and about 1 weight percent to about 90 weight percent dimethylether;
about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent n-butane and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent dimethylether; and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent HFC1243zf, about 1 weight percent to about 60 weight percent isobutane and about 1 weight percent to about 98 weight percent dimethylether.
2. The composition of claim 1 comprising an azeotropic composition selected from the group consisting of:
63.0 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 37.0 weight percent HFC-134 having a vapor pressure of about 13.5 psia (93 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
78.5 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 21.5 weight percent HFC-227ea having a vapor pressure of about 13.1 psia (90 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
32.8 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 67.2 weight percent propane having a vapor pressure of about 31.0 psia (213 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
90.3 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 9.7 weight percent nbutane having a vapor pressure of about 13.5 psia (93 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
2018203293 09 Apr 2019
80.7 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 19.3 weight percent isobutane having a vapor pressure of about 14.3 psia (98 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
72.7 weight percent HFC-1243zf and 27.3 weight percent dimethylether having a vapor pressure of about 12.0 psia (83 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
58.6 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 34.1 weight percent HFC134, and 7.3 weight percent HFC-227ea having a vapor pressure of about 13.5 psia (93.4 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
27.5 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 58.7 weight percent HFC134, and 13.9 weight percent n-butane having a vapor pressure of about 14.7 psia (101 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
18.7 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 63.5 weight percent HFC134, and 17.8 weight percent dimethylether having a vapor pressure of about 10.1 psia (69.7 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
11.4 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 23.9 weight percent HFC134, and 64.7 weight percent CF3I having a vapor pressure of about
14.5 psia (99.6 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
41.5 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 21.5 weight percent HFC134a, and 37.1 weight percent HFC-152a having a vapor pressure of about 15.0 psia (103 kPa) ata temperature of about -25 °C;
7.0 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 81.4 weight percent HFC134a, and 11.6 weight percent n-butane having a vapor pressure of about 17.0 psia (117 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
2.9 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 34.0 weight percent HFC152a, and 63.0 weight percent propane having a vapor pressure of about 31.7 psia (219 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
28.8 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 60.3 weight percent HFC152a, and 11.0 weight percent n-butane having a vapor pressure of about 15.7 psia (108 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
6.2 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 68.5 weight percent HFC152a, and 25.3 weight percent isobutane having a vapor pressure of about 17.1 psia (118 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
33.1 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 36.8 weight percent HFC152a, and 30.1 weight percent dimethylether having a vapor
2018203293 09 Apr 2019 pressure of about 11.4 psia (78.7 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
62.0 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 28.4 weight percent HFC227ea, and 9.6 weight percent n-butane having a vapor pressure of about 13.7 psia (94.3 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
27.9 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 51.0 weight percent HFC227ea, and 21.1 weight percent isobutane having a vapor pressure of about 15.0 psia (103 kPa) ata temperature of about -25 °C;
48.1 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 44.8 weight percent HFC227ea, and 7.2 weight percent dimethylether having a vapor pressure of about 12.8 psia (88.1 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
60.3 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 10.1 weight percent nbutane, and 29.6 weight percent dimethylether having a vapor pressure of about 12.3 psia (84.7 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
47.1 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 26.9 weight percent isobutane, and 25.9 weight percent dimethylether having a vapor pressure of about 13.2 psia (90.7 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C;
32.8 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 1.1 weight percent isobutane, and 66.1 weight percent CF3I having a vapor pressure of about 14.0 psia (96.3 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C; and
41.1 weight percent HFC-1243zf, 2.3 weight percent dimethylether, and 56.6 weight percent CF3SCF3 having a vapor pressure of about 13.6 psia (93.8 kPa) at a temperature of about -25 °C.
3. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a lubricant selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, mineral oil, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic napthenes, and poly(alpha)olefins.
4. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a tracer selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodated
2018203293 09 Apr 2019 compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N2O) and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 4, further comprising a tracer selected from the group consisting of CD3CD3, CD3CD2CD3, CD2F2, CF3CD2CF3, CD2FCF3, CD3CF3, CDF2CF3, CF3CDFCF3, CF3CF2CDF2, CDF2CDF2, CF3CF2CD3, CF3CD2CH3, CF2CH2CD3, CF3CF3, cyclo-CF2CF2CF2-, CF3CF2CF3, cyclo-CF2CF2CF2CF2-, CF3CF2CF2CF3, CF3CF(CF3)2, cyclo-CF(CF3)CF2CF(CF3)CF2-, trans-cyclo-CF2CF(CF3)CF(CF3)CF2-, cis-cycloCF2CF(CF3)CF(CF3)CF2-, CF3OCHF2, CF3OCH2F, CF3OCH3, CF3OCHFCF3, CF3OCH2CF3, CF3OCH2CHF2, CF3CH2OCHF2, CH3OCF2CF3, CH3CF2OCF3, CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3, CF3CF2CF2OCF(CF3)CF2OCHFCF3, CHFs, CH2FCH3, CHF2CH3, CHF2CHF2, CF3CHFCF3, CF3CF2CHF2, CF3CF2CH2F, CHF2CHFCF3, CF3CH2CF3, CF3CF2CH3, CF3CH2CHF2, CHF2CF2CH3, CF3CHFCH3, CF3CH2CH3, CH3CF2CH3, CH3CHFCH3, CH2FCH2CH3, CHF2CF2CF2CF3, (CF3)2CHCF3, CF3CH2CF2CF3, CHF2CF2CF2CHF2, CH3CF2CF2CF3, CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3, perfluoromethylcyclopentane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, perfluorodimethylcyclohexane (ortho, meta, or para), perfluoroethylcyclohexane, perfluoroindan, perfluorotrimethylcyclohexane and isomers thereof, perfluoroisopropylcyclohexane, cis-perfluorodecalin, transperfluorodecalin, cis- or trans-perfluoromethyldecalin and isomers thereof, CHsBr, CH2FBr, CHF2Br, CHFBr2, CHBrs, CFbBrCHs, CHBr=CH2, ΟΗ2ΒγΟΗ2Βγ, CFBr=CHF, CFsl, CHF2I, CH2FI, CF2ICH2F, CF2ICHF2, CF2ICF2I, C6F5I, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, acetone, n-propanal, n-butanal, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrous oxide, and combinations thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising at least one ultra-violet fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanthenes, fluoresceins, derivatives of the dye and combinations thereof.
2018203293 09 Apr 2019
7. The composition of claim 6, further comprising at least one solubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, dimethylether, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, ketones, nitriles, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, hydrofluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
8. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a stabilizer, water scavenger, or odor masking agent.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of nitromethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites and lactones.
10. A method of producing cooling, the method comprising: evaporating the composition of claim 1 or claim 2 in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and thereafter condensing the composition.
11. A method of producing heat, the method comprising: condensing the composition of claim 1 or claim 2 in the vicinity of a body to be heated and thereafter evaporating the composition.
12. A method for replacing a high GWP refrigerant in a refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus, wherein the high GWP refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of R134a, R22, R123, R11, R245fa, R114, R236fa, R124, R12, R410A, R407C, R417A, R422A, R507A, R502, and R404A, the method comprising providing the composition of claim 1 or claim 2 to the refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus that uses, used or is designed to use the high GWP refrigerant.
13. A method of using the composition of claim 1 or claim 2 as a heat transfer fluid composition, the method comprising transporting the composition from a heat source to a heat sink.
14. A refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus containing a composition as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2.
2018203293 09 Apr 2019
15. The refrigeration, air-conditioning, or heat pump apparatus of claim 14 comprising a mobile air-conditioning apparatus.
16. A foam blowing agent comprising the composition of claim 1 or claim 2.
17. A method of forming a foam comprising:
a. adding to a foamable composition the composition of claim 1 or claim 2; and
b. reacting the foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam.
18. A sprayable composition comprising the composition of any one of claims 1 to 6.
19. A process for producing aerosol products comprising the step of adding a composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 to active ingredients in an aerosol container, wherein the composition functions as a propellant.
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US3884828A (en) * | 1970-10-15 | 1975-05-20 | Dow Corning | Propellants and refrigerants based on trifluoropropene |
CN1183451A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1998-06-03 | 顾雏军 | Improved non-azeotropic operating medium using in thermal circulation |
WO2004058836A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymers with new sequence distributions |
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