AU2018100957A4 - Catalytic activated carbon - Google Patents
Catalytic activated carbon Download PDFInfo
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- AU2018100957A4 AU2018100957A4 AU2018100957A AU2018100957A AU2018100957A4 AU 2018100957 A4 AU2018100957 A4 AU 2018100957A4 AU 2018100957 A AU2018100957 A AU 2018100957A AU 2018100957 A AU2018100957 A AU 2018100957A AU 2018100957 A4 AU2018100957 A4 AU 2018100957A4
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- activated carbon
- nitrogen
- catalytic
- weight
- catalytic activated
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 flux Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 3
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Catalysts (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides the catalytic activated carbon of the present invention comprises a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder; the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 2% to about 8% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, at least 35% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 428.0 eV as determined by XPS, and the matrix is formed into a three-dimensional structure; the catalytic activated carbon includes the cuprous oxide in an amount of from 15% to 45% by weight based on total weight of the catalytic activated carbon. The catalytic activated carbon abovementioned has high H2S adsorption capacity, high kinetic rate of H2S removal, and high flow resistance.
Description
CATALYTIC ACTIVATED CARBON
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to activated carbon, in particular relates to catalytic activated carbon.
BACKGROUND
Malodorous sulfur-containing compounds occur in a number of environments such as petroleum storage areas, sewage treatment facilities, wastewater treatment plants, and industrial plants such as petrochemical refining sites, pulp and paper production sites. In these environments, malodorous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is prevalently responsible for the presence of disagreeable odors, along with other sulfur-containing malodorous compounds such as alkyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and methyl mercaptan.
Activated carbon is known to remove hydrogen sulfide from both gaseous and aqueous phases. However, the reaction rate and the hydrogen sulfide loading on the activated carbon limit the economic viability. For example, fluid stream having sulfur-containing compounds is typically passed through a bed of granular or fibrous activated carbon adsorbent for removal of sulfur-containing compounds. When granular or fibrous activated carbon is used as an adsorbent, the adsorbent bed has high flow resistance and consequently consumes significantly large amount of operation energy. Furthermore, the malodorous sulfur-containing compounds usually present in the gas stream at very low concentrations that, it is difficult to effectively remove all of these malodorous sulfur-containing compounds. The poor kinetic rate of H2S removal and the low H2S adsorption capacity of activated carbon limit the economic viability of the activated carbon for removal of H2S in gas stream. A typical coal-based activated carbon has a H2S adsorption capacity of only 0.01 to 0.02 g/cc, and the efficiency of H2S removal is often meager. Accordingly, a large quantity of activated carbon is required for the removal of malodorous sulfur-containing compounds.
There has been effort to improve the H2S adsorption capacity of activated carbon. For example, certain formulations have achieved a H2S adsorption capacity of about 0.09 to 0.11 g/cc. However, at this level of H2S adsorption capacity improvement still limits the economic viability of activated carbon for removal of H2S in the fluid steam containing low amounts of H2S, such as at less than about 0.1 ppm. In another example, pelletized activated carbon has been impregnated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and moisture. The pore structure of the activated carbon is somewhat filled with the caustic NaOH, thereby lowering the adsorption capacity of the impregnated activated carbon. Furthermore, the caustic impregnated activated carbon may be susceptible to uncontrolled thermal excursions, resulting from a suppressed combustion temperature and exothermic reactions caused by the caustic impregnation. [006] More recent attempts at improving the H2S adsorption capacity of activated carbon have included impregnating the activated carbon with metal oxides or forming a matrix with metal oxides (e.g., Ca, Mg, Ba or combinations thereof). However, such filters only demonstrate H2S adsorption capacity of about 0.1 to 0.3 g/cc, and 0.26 g/cc, respectively. The activated carbon-metal oxide matrix is prepared by preoxidizing a carbon material, grinding the preoxidized carbon material; mixing the ground preoxidized material with an oxide of Ca, Mg, Ba, or combinations thereof to form a carbon mixture; extruding the carbon mixture into desired structure; carbonizing and activating the extrudate. It is, however, found that such preparation process leaves significant amounts of the active agents unavailable for reaction. The metal oxide impregnated activated carbon media is prepared by forming the activated carbon into a desired structure; impregnating the formed activated carbon media with a solution of Mg salt, Ca salt or both metal salts by spraying the activated carbon structure with the salt solution; and converting the metal salt into a metal oxide. However, pure metal oxides have a limited capacity for H2S because of their low pore volume and surface area, and the oxidation reaction of H2S is too slow to have any practical application to odor control. In addition, pure metal oxides do not exhibit significant adsorption capacity for organic compounds that do not react with the substrate. As a result, these metal oxides are not commercially relevant.
Thus, prior activated carbon adsorbents suffer from a number of well-known disadvantages, including: the activated carbon has a low capacity for H2S, the activated carbon has a slow kinetic rate of H2S removal; the adsorption capacity is low, relatively high amounts of metal oxide must be dispersed throughout the carbon matrix, and high flow resistance. Accordingly, it is desirable to have activated carbon adsorbent having improved H2S adsorption capacity, enhanced kinetic rate of H2S removal, and low flow resistance.
SUMMARY
The present invention is to solve a technical problem that the H2S adsorption capacity of the activated carbon and kinetic rate of H2S removal are low, and flow resistance is also low.
Thus, the catalytic activated carbon of the present invention comprises a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder; the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 2% to about 8% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, at least 35% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 428.0 eV as determined by XPS, and the matrix is formed into a three-dimensional structure; the catalytic activated carbon includes the cuprous oxide in an amount of from 15% to 45% by weight based on total weight of the catalytic activated carbon.
Optionally, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, the cuprous oxide has a D90 particle size of less than 30 microns.
Optionally, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, the three-dimensional structure is a honeycomb having a cell density of from 20 to 1200 cells per square inch.
Optionally, the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments has a B.E.T surface area of from 230m 2 / g to 2500 m 2 / g.
Optionally, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, at least 50% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of from 428.0 eV to 448.0 eV as determined by XPS.
Optionally, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon is formed from a carbon precursor comprising a member selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, lignite, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, carbohydrates, coconut, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, and combination thereof.
Optionally, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, the binder comprises a member selected from the group consisting of ceramic, clay, cordierite, flux, glass ceramic, metal, corrugated paper, organic fibers, resin binder, talc, alumina powder, magnesia powder, silica powder, kaolin powder, sinterable inorganic powder, fusible glass powder, and combinations thereof.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have the following technical advantage compared with the prior arts: 1. the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments of the present invention comprises a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder; the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 2% to about 8% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, at least 35% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 428.0 eV as determined by XPS, and the matrix is formed into a three-dimensional structure; the catalytic activated carbon includes the cuprous oxide in an amount of from 15% to 45% by weight based on total weight of the catalytic activated carbon. The technical solution of the catalytic activated carbon abovementioned has high H2S adsorption capacity, high kinetic rate of H2S removal, and high flow resistance.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Embodiment 1
The catalytic activated carbon of the present invention comprises a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder; the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 2% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, 35% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 428.0 eV as determined by XPS, and the matrix is formed into a three-dimensional structure; the catalytic activated carbon includes the cuprous oxide in an amount of from 15% by weight based on total weight of the catalytic activated carbon. The catalytic activated carbon of this embodiment has high H2S adsorption capacity, high kinetic rate of H2S removal, and high flow resistance.
Embodiment 2
The catalytic activated carbon of the present invention comprises a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder; the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 8% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, 45% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of 448.0 eV as determined by XPS, and the matrix is formed into a three-dimensional structure; the catalytic activated carbon includes the cuprous oxide in an amount of 45% by weight based on total weight of the catalytic activated carbon. The catalytic activated carbon of this embodiment has high H2S adsorption capacity, high kinetic rate of H2S removal, and high flow resistance.
Embodiment 3
The catalytic activated carbon of the present invention comprises a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder; the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 4% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, 38% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 430.0 eV as determined by XPS, and the matrix is formed into a three-dimensional structure; the catalytic activated carbon includes the cuprous oxide in an amount of 30% by weight based on total weight of the catalytic activated carbon. The catalytic activated carbon of this embodiment has high EES adsorption capacity, high kinetic rate of EES removal, and high flow resistance.
Embodiment 4
The catalytic activated carbon of the present invention comprises a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder; the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 6% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, 40% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 436.0 eV as determined by XPS, and the matrix is formed into a three-dimensional structure; the catalytic activated carbon includes the cuprous oxide in an amount of 35% by weight based on total weight of the catalytic activated carbon. The catalytic activated carbon of this embodiment has high H2S adsorption capacity, high kinetic rate of H2S removal, and high flow resistance.
Preferably, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, the cuprous oxide has a D90 particle size of less than 30 microns.
Preferably, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, the three-dimensional structure is a honeycomb having a cell density of from 20 to 1200 cells per square inch. The catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments has a B.E.T surface area of from 230m2/ g to 2500 m 2 / g.
Preferably, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, at least 50% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of from 428.0 eV to 448.0 eV as determined by XPS. In addition, in the catalytic activated carbon of the embodiments, the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon is formed from a carbon precursor comprising a member selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, lignite, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, carbohydrates, coconut, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, and combination thereof. The binder comprises a member selected from the group consisting of ceramic, clay, cordierite, flux, glass ceramic, metal, corrugated paper, organic fibers, resin binder, talc, alumina powder, magnesia powder, silica powder, kaolin powder, sinterable inorganic powder, fusible glass powder, and combinations thereof
The above described is just preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any changes, equivalent substitutions, modifications etc. made within the concept and principle of present invention should be embraced within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A catalytic activated carbon, comprising a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder; characterized in that the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 2% to about 8% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, at least 35% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 428.0 eV as determined by XPS, and the matrix is formed into a three-dimensional structure; the catalytic activated carbon includes the cuprous oxide in an amount of from 15% to 45% by weight based on total weight of the catalytic activated carbon.
2. According to the catalytic activated carbon of claim 1, characterized in that the cuprous oxide has a D90 particle size of less than 30 microns.
3. According to the catalytic activated carbon of claim 2, characterized in that the three-dimensional structure is a honeycomb having a cell density of from 20 to 1200 cells per square inch.
4. According to the catalytic activated carbon of claim 3, characterized in having a B.E.T surface area of from 230m2 / g to 2500 m 2 / g.
5. According to the catalytic activated carbon of claim 4, characterized in that at least 50% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of from 428.0 eV to 448.0 eV as determined by XPS.
6. According to the catalytic activated carbon of claim 5, characterized in that the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon is formed from a carbon precursor comprising a member selected from the group consisting of wood, wood dust, wood flour, cotton linters, peat, coal, lignite, petroleum pitch, petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, carbohydrates, coconut, fruit pits, fruit stones, nut shells, nut pits, sawdust, palm, vegetables, synthetic polymer, natural polymer, and combination thereof.
7. According to the catalytic activated carbon of claim 6, characterized in that the binder comprises a member selected from the group consisting of ceramic, clay, cordierite, flux, glass ceramic, metal, corrugated paper, organic fibers, resin binder, talc, alumina powder, magnesia powder, silica powder, kaolin powder, sinterable inorganic powder, fusible glass powder, and combinations thereof.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2018100957A AU2018100957A4 (en) | 2018-07-06 | 2018-07-06 | Catalytic activated carbon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2018100957A AU2018100957A4 (en) | 2018-07-06 | 2018-07-06 | Catalytic activated carbon |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2018100957A4 true AU2018100957A4 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
Family
ID=63142344
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2018100957A Ceased AU2018100957A4 (en) | 2018-07-06 | 2018-07-06 | Catalytic activated carbon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2018100957A4 (en) |
-
2018
- 2018-07-06 AU AU2018100957A patent/AU2018100957A4/en not_active Ceased
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| FGI | Letters patent sealed or granted (innovation patent) | ||
| MK22 | Patent ceased section 143a(d), or expired - non payment of renewal fee or expiry |