AU2017301110A1

AU2017301110A1 - Method and apparatus for live well installation and retrieval of coiled tubing with a cable inside

Info

Publication number: AU2017301110A1
Application number: AU2017301110A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Steven Peter Luchak
Original assignee: Australian Coil Services Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Australian Coil Services Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2016-07-28
Filing date: 2017-07-27
Publication date: 2019-02-07
Also published as: WO2018018088A1

Abstract

A method for installing a spoolable coil in a well, the spoolable coil including a power cable, pipe or elongate member, the method comprising the steps of: Introducing the spoolable coil into the well and forming a seal against the spoolable coil; Removing a portion of the spoolable coil to expose at least a portion of the power cable; and Forming a seal against the exposed portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LIVE WELL INSTALLATION AND RETRIEVAL OF

COILED TUBING WITH A CABLE INSIDE

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for installing and retrieving coiled tubing in a live well. In addition, the present invention relates generally to the field of spoolable completions, such as completions which use coil tubing strings as production tubing, for use in wells, such as coal seam gas wells, gas and petroleum wells, water wells, geothermal wells etc. In particular, the invention relates to apparatus and methods which enable the reconnection and retrieval from a live well of a spoolable completion which contains a cable for data transmission and or power supply to downhole electrical equipment.

BACKGROUND ART [0002] During the construction of wells (such as gas and petroleum wells, coal seam gas wells, water wells, geothermal wells etc.) a completion is introduced into the well. Completions typically include a number of components, including production tubing (through which material drawn from the well passes to the surface), a wellhead, valves and so on, and proper design of this “completion” is necessary to ensure that the well can be produced properly given the specific reservoir conditions.

[0003] In some wells, a spoolable completion system may be used. Typically, a spoolable completion is used to deploy equipment (completion components such as pumps, sensors and the like) into the well at the end of coiled tubing. The completion system is cut and “hanged” inside the well.

[0004] However, during deployment of equipment into the well using coiled tubing, the equipment being deployed typically requires some form of sealing device or mechanism so that the equipment may be held within the coiled tubing. In addition, the majority of completions do not require a power or data cable therein as they do not include a downhole electric motor or data transmitting equipment. If a completion does include a power or data cable, a seal must be formed in the wellhead using specialised valves in order to facilitate passing a cable through the wellhead while simultaneously allowing the wellhead to be closed to prevent well fluid from flowing through the wellhead.

[0005] In addition, “hanged” completions may need to be reconnected and retrieved from the well from time to time, for instance for repair or replacement. However, the completion may

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PCT/AU2017/050779 only be retrieved from the well when the well is not operational. Conventionally, this is achieved by “killing” the well (i.e. using a kill fluid to prevent a flow of material from the well without pressure control at the surface). Once a well has been “killed” future production from the well may be compromised.

[0006] It will be clearly understood that, if a prior art publication is referred to herein, this reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms part of the common general knowledge in the art in Australia or in any other country.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION [0007] The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for installing and retrieving spoolable coiled tubing (“coil”) including a cable, pipe or elongate member from a well, which may at least partially overcome at least one of the abovementioned disadvantages or provide the consumer with a useful or commercial choice.

[0008] With the foregoing in view, the present invention resides broadly in a first aspect in a method for installing a spoolable coil in a well, the spoolable coil including a power cable, pipe or elongate member, the method comprising the steps of:

a) Introducing the spoolable coil into the well and forming a seal against the spoolable coil;

b) Removing a portion of the spoolable coil to expose at least a portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member; and

c) Forming a seal against the exposed portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0009] It is envisaged that the method of the present invention may be used with any suitable well, such as an oil well or a gas well. More preferably, the well comprises a coal seem gas well that requires dewatering. Preferably, the method of the present invention is to be used with wells that have already been drilled and have a wellhead installed. The wells may have already been in production, or may be in a pre-production condition.

[0010] It will be understood that the term “power cable” may refer to a cable adapted to transmit electricity and/or data between the surface and one or more completion components. It will also be understood that the spoolable coil is of a tubular construction, and that the power cable, pipe or elongate member will be located (by previous installation or injection) within the tubular coil. The power cable, pipe or elongate member may be of any suitable size, shape or configuration. The power cable may be adapted to transmit any suitable voltage, current or the

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PCT/AU2017/050779 like. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the power cable may comprise a tubing encapsulated cable.

[0011] The power cable may provide power and/or data to (or, in the case of data, from) one or more pieces of downhole equipment, such as one or more pumps, valves, gauges, sensors or the like, or any suitable combination thereof. The exact type of power cable (i.e. the current or voltage carried by the cable, the diameter of the cable and so on) is not critical to the invention.

[0012] Any suitable spoolable coil may be used, and the spoolable coil may include any suitable number of completion components. The exact number and type of completion components is not critical, although it will be understood that at least one of the completion components requires electrical power for its operation, the electrical power being provided through the power cable.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the well may be isolated prior to step a) of the method. By “isolated”, it will be understood that this is intended to refer to a situation in which fluid is precluded from exiting the well through the wellhead. This may also be referred to as the well being “shut-in”.

[0014] Shutting in a well is a largely conventional process, and the well may be shut-in using any suitable technique. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shutting in of the well occurs in a wellhead. The wellhead may comprise any suitable components, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wellhead may include one or more isolation devices. Any suitable isolation devices may be provided. Preferably, however, at least one isolation device in the form of a rod lock is provided. The rod lock includes one or more rams adapted to move between an open condition in which fluid flow through the rod lock is permitted and a closed condition in which the flow of fluid through the rod lock is precluded. It will be understood that a rod lock is a conventional piece of equipment and no further specific discussion of its operation is required.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the well may be shut-in prior to step a) of the method by actuating a rod lock to shut-in the well. Specifically, actuating a rod lock shuts in the well by actuating one or more rams to form a seal and preclude a flow of fluid from exiting the well through the rod lock.

[0016] Preferably, once the well is shut-in, a cap may be removed from the well. Again, well caps are conventional pieces of equipment and no specific discussion of its operation is required.

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PCT/AU2017/050779 [0017] It is envisaged that, in some embodiments of the invention, pressure in the well head between the rod lock and the cap may be equalised to atmospheric pressure prior to the removal of the cap. This is achieved through by opening one or more valves associated with the cap in order to release any pressurised fluid between the rod lock and the cap. Any suitable valve may be used, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the one or more valves comprise bleed valves.

[0018] Following the removal of the well cap, one or more control devices may be connected to the wellhead. Preferably, the one or more control devices are connected to the wellhead at a point above the rod lock. Thus, it is envisaged that the rod lock may be positioned between the one or more control devices and the well. Any suitable control devices may be used, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the one or more control devices may be adapted to preclude the uncontrolled flow of fluid from the well. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the one or more control devices may comprise a blowout preventer (BOP).

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a flow tee may be connected to the wellhead. The flow tee may be connected to the wellhead at any suitable location, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the flow tee may be connected at a point above the BOP, such that the BOP is located between the flow tee and the well. In turn the flow tee may be connected to an injector adapted to introduce the spoolable coil to the well.

[0020] As stated in step b) of the method of the present invention, a spoolable coil is introduced into the well. The spoolable coil is introduced into the well through the wellhead. More specifically, the spoolable coil is introduced into the well through the flow tee (if present), BOP (such as a coil tubing BOP) and rod lock. The spoolable coil may be introduced into the well to any suitable depth.

[0021] It is envisaged that the introduction of the spoolable coil into the well may be achieved by providing a spool of coil on a reel unit and (as previously stated) using an injector to introduce the coil into the well. Preferably, the spoolable coil comprises coiled tubing. Thus, the step of introducing the coil into the well is largely conventional, and no further discussion of this is required.

[0022] The spoolable coil may be of any suitable size. For instance, the diameter of the spoolable coil may be between about 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and 5 inches (127 mm). More preferably, the diameter of the spoolable coil may be between about 1 inch (25.4 mm) and 4

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PCT/AU2017/050779 inches (101.6 mm). Still more preferably, the diameter of the spoolable coil may be between about 1 inch (25.4 mm) and about 3.25 inches (82.55 mm). However, it will be understood that the exact diameter of the spoolable coil used will depend largely on the type, depth and diameter of the well in which the spoolable coil is to be used.

[0023] The materials from which the spoolable coil is manufactured are not critical to the invention, and it will be understood that different types of coiled tubing could be used depending on the type of well, the size of the well and so on.

[0024] The spoolable coil may be of any suitable configuration, provided that the spoolable coil includes a power cable, pipe or elongate member therein. As previously stated, it will be understood that the term “power cable” may refer to a cable adapted to transmit electricity and/or data between the surface and one or more completion components. The power cable, pipe or elongate member may be of any suitable size, shape or configuration. The power cable may be adapted to transmit any suitable voltage, current or the like. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the power cable may comprise a tubing encapsulated cable.

[0025] Once the spoolable coil is in place within the well, a seal may be formed against the spoolable coil. Preferably, the seal may be formed against an outer surface of the spoolable coil. The seal may be formed at any suitable location within the well or wellhead. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the seal may be formed against the spoolable coil in a rod lock. Specifically, actuating a rod lock isolates the well by actuating one or more rams to form a seal against the spoolable coil in order to preclude a flow of fluid from exiting the well through the rod lock around the spoolable coil.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, once the spoolable coil has been introduced to the well and a seal formed against the spoolable coil, the injector used to introduce the coil to the well may be raised in order to expose a length of the spoolable coil protruding above the wellhead (and, specifically, above the BOP and flow tee, if present). The injector may be raised any suitable distance in order to expose any suitable length of spoolable coil. In this embodiment of the invention, this provides access to the spoolable coil to allow the removal of a portion thereof.

[0027] Removal of the coil may be achieved using any suitable technique. Preferably, however, the coil may be cut about its circumference and to a such a depth that the coil is cut entirely through but the power cable, pipe or elongate member therewithin remains intact. The cutting of the coil may be achieved using any suitable technique, such as one or more shears,

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PCT/AU2017/050779 power tools, coil cutting tools or the like, or a combination thereof.

[0028] It is envisaged that cutting the spoolable coil in this manner will lead to the formation of two separate portions of coil: a first portion being the coil introduced into the well, and the second portion being the coil spooled on the reel unit. However, the power cable, pipe or elongate member will still be in one single length. It is envisaged that the first portion of the coil will comprise an upper end extending above the wellhead.

[0029] Once the coil has been cut, the injector may be raised further (or removed entirely) thereby retracting the second portion of coil onto the reel unit. In this way, the first and second portions of coil are separated from one another, exposing a portion of the intact power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0030] As previously stated, a seal is formed against the exposed portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member. However, in some embodiments of the invention, prior to forming the seal against the exposed portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member, a number of additional steps in the method may occur.

[0031] For instance, in some embodiments of the invention, the power cable, pipe or elongate member may be cut, so as to separate the power cable, pipe or elongate member in the well from the power cable, pipe or elongate member on the reel unit. The power cable, pipe or elongate member may be cut using any suitable technique, such as using one or more shears, power tools, coil cutting tools or the like, or any combination thereof. The power cable, pipe or elongate member may be cut at any suitable location, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the power cable may be cut at a point above the point at which the coil was cut. In this way, the exposed portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member extends generally upwardly above the coil, and an upper end of the power cable, pipe or elongate member is located above the upper end of the coil. It is envisaged that, once the power cable, pipe or elongate member is cut, the injector may be removed entirely (if not already the case) as the reel unit is no longer connected to the spoolable coil within the well.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the spoolable coil may be cut prior to its introduction into the well. In this embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that the spoolable coil may be cut so as to expose the power cable, pipe or elongate member off-site, or on-site but not in-situ.

[0033] Preferably, one or more retention members may be attached to the power cable, pipe or elongate member prior to the power cable, pipe or elongate member being cut. The retention

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PCT/AU2017/050779 members may be of any suitable form, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the retention members may comprise one or more clamps. Preferably, the one or more retention members may be attached to the power cable, pipe or elongate member at a point between the upper end of the coil in the well and the upper end of the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0034] It will be understood that the purpose of the retention members is to prevent the cut power cable, pipe or elongate member from slipping down inside the coil from where it would be difficult, if not impossible, to retrieve. Thus, it is envisaged that the retention members may be adapted to at least partially surround the power cable, pipe or elongate member so as to prevent the power cable, pipe or elongate member from slipping down inside the coil. Preferably, the retention members are sized so they are larger in diameter (or approximately the same diameter) than the diameter of the coil so that the retention members are physically prevented from entering the upper end of the coil.

[0035] In some embodiments of the invention, a seal may now be formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member. The seal may either be formed with the existing wellhead arrangement in place, or the wellhead arrangement may be altered prior to the seal being formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member. For instance, the BOP and flow tee (if present) may be removed from the wellhead prior to forming a seal against the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0036] A seal may be formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member using any suitable technique. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a sealing device may be connected to the wellhead in order to provide a seal against the power cable, pipe or elongate member. Any suitable sealing device may be used, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the sealing device may comprise a rod lock. Specifically, actuating a rod lock isolates the well by actuating one or more rams to form a seal against the power cable, pipe or elongate member in order to preclude a flow of fluid from exiting the well through the rod lock around the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0037] In some embodiments of the invention, the power cable, pipe or elongate member rod lock may be connected to the wellhead at a point above the coil rod lock. The power cable, pipe or elongate member rod lock may be connected to the coil rod lock, or one or more intermediate pieces of equipment may be located between the power cable, pipe or elongate member rod and the coil rod lock. Any suitable intermediate pieces of equipment may be used, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a flow tee may be installed between the power cable, pipe or elongate member rod lock and the coil rod lock.

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PCT/AU2017/050779 [0038] It is envisaged that it is possible that a significant length (possibly several metres) of coil and power cable, pipe or elongate member may extend above the wellhead following the cutting of the coil and power cable, pipe or elongate member. Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, it may be desirable to reduce the length of coil and power cable, pipe or elongate member extending above the wellhead prior to forming the seal with the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0039] This may be achieved, preferably, by removing the BOP (and flow tee, if present) from the wellhead such that the spoolable coil rod lock becomes the uppermost component of the wellhead. In some embodiments of the invention, one or more additional retention members may be connected to an upper portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member. The one or more additional retention members may be of any suitable form, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the one or more additional retention members comprise one or more clamps that at least partially surround the power cable, pipe or elongate member. Preferably, the additional retention members are connected to the power cable, pipe or elongate member at a point above the retention members previously connected to the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0040] Following the removal of the BOP from the wellhead, the spoolable coil may be cut about its circumference and to a such a depth that the coil is cut entirely through but the power cable, pipe or elongate member therewithin remains intact. The cutting of the coil may be achieved using any suitable technique, such as one or more shears, power tools, coil cutting tools or the like, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the coil is cut at a location adjacent or slightly above the upper end of the coil rod lock. The cut may be made in the coil any suitable distance above the coil rod lock. For instance, the cut may be made between 1 cm and 100 cm above the coil rod lock. More preferably, the cut may be made between 10 cm and 50 cm above the coil rod lock. Most preferably, the cut may be made between 20 cm and 30 cm above the coil rod lock.

[0041] In some embodiments of the invention, the coil may be lifted, raised or tensioned during this procedure. The coil may be lifted, raised or tensioned using any suitable technique, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the exposed upper end of the power cable, pipe or elongate member is connected to a lifting device in order to lift or tension the power cable, pipe or elongate member and coil. Any suitable lifting device may be used, such as a block and tackle, lever or crane.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower retention members may be removed prior to the cutting of the coil. It is envisaged that this allows the removal of the cut

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PCT/AU2017/050779 length of coil which can be removed by being raised over the exposed length of the power cable, pipe or elongate member. Preferably, once the cut length of coil is removed, the lower retention members may be reconnected to the power cable, pipe or elongate member at a point adjacent the new upper end of the coil. Preferably, the upper retention members may then be removed.

[0043] In some embodiments of the invention, a seal may now be formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member. The seal may either be formed with the existing wellhead arrangement in place, or the wellhead arrangement may be altered prior to the seal being formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member. For instance, the BOP and flow tee (if present) may be removed from the wellhead prior to forming a seal against the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0044] A seal may then be formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member using any suitable technique. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a sealing device may be connected to the wellhead in order to provide a seal against the power cable, pipe or elongate member. Any suitable sealing device may be used, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the sealing device may comprise a rod lock. Specifically, actuating a rod lock isolates the well by actuating one or more rams to form a seal against the power cable, pipe or elongate member in order to preclude a flow of fluid from exiting the well through the rod lock around the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0045] In some embodiments of the invention, the power cable, pipe or elongate member rod lock may be connected to the wellhead at a point above the coil rod lock. The power cable, pipe or elongate member rod lock may be connected to the coil rod lock, or one or more intermediate pieces of equipment may be located between the power cable, pipe or elongate member rod and the coil rod lock. Any suitable intermediate pieces of equipment may be used, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a flow tee may be installed between the power cable, pipe or elongate member rod lock and the coil rod lock.

[0046] Completion of the assembly of the wellhead may be achieved by adding any further suitable components thereto, and it will be understood that the additional components will vary depending on the nature of the well, etc. Preferably however, the exposed upper end of the power cable is adapted for connection, either directly or indirectly, to a power source so as to supply electrical power to any completion components that may be present. Any suitable power source may be used, such as one or more batteries, generators, mains power or the like, or a combination thereof.

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PCT/AU2017/050779 [0047] In addition, it is envisaged that the assembled wellhead may comprise a wellhead penetrator, well cap or the like.

[0048] Following the assembly of the wellhead, it is envisaged that the one or more plug members may be returned to the rest condition. When the one or more plug members are returned to the rest condition, it is envisaged that the well will be “live”, meaning that fluid from the well may begin to flow into the inlet portion and up the coil to the wellhead.

[0049] In a second aspect, the invention resides broadly in a wellhead assembly for a well, the wellhead assembly comprising:

a first sealing device adapted to form a seal against an outer surface of a spoolable coil including a power cable, pipe or elongate member; and a second sealing device adapted form a seal against an outer surface of the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first sealing device and the second sealing device comprise rod locks.

[0051] The wellhead assembly may contain one or more further pieces of equipment. Any suitable pieces of equipment may be included in the wellhead assembly such as, but not limited to, one or more flow tees, wellhead penetrators, well cap, or the like.

[0052] Preferably, the wellhead assembly is prepared according to the method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0053] In a third aspect, the invention resides broadly in a device for deploying an isolation member into a spoolable coil in a well, the device comprising:

a casing for containing a fluid;

a working piston located at least partially within the casing and movable bi-directionally within the casing;

a first force transfer member associated with a first side of the working piston and adapted to extend at least partially through a first end wall of the casing; and a second force transfer member associated with a second side of the working piston and adapted to extend at least partially through a second end wall of the casing, wherein the second force transfer member includes a bore therein extending along at least a portion of its length.

[0054] The casing may be of any suitable form. Preferably, however, the casing is adapted

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PCT/AU2017/050779 to contain a pressurised fluid therein. Therefore, it is envisaged that the casing may be fabricated from a relatively rigid material, and particularly a relatively rigid material that can function as a pressure vessel. For instance, the casing maybe fabricated from metal and may have a sufficient wall thickness to withstand the pressure generated by the pressurised fluid contained therein.

[0055] The casing may be of any suitable size, shape or configuration, and the exact nature of the casing will be dependent on the duty to which the device is to be put. However, in a particular embodiment of the invention, the casing may be substantially cylindrical.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the casing may be between 0.1 m and 5 m in length. More preferably, the casing may be between 0.5 m and 3.5 m in length. Yet more preferably, the casing may be between 1 m and 2 m in length. Most preferably, the casing may be about 1.6 m in length.

[0057] Preferably, the casing comprises a chamber at the interior thereof in which the pressurised fluid is contained. In some embodiments of the invention, however, the casing may comprise a plurality of chambers in fluid communication with one another. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the casing comprises a single chamber divided into two portions by the location of the working piston. Thus, the size of each of the two portions will vary depending on the location of the piston within the casing.

[0058] In some embodiments of the invention, the casing may be provided with one or more apertures therein. The apertures may be of any suitable size or location, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one aperture may be provided in the casing at or adjacent opposite ends of the casing (i.e. at or adjacent the first and second end walls of the casing). The one or more apertures may be used as inlets and/or outlets for fluid to be introduced into the casing. In this embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that a fluid may be introduced through an aperture adjacent the first end of the casing at sufficient pressure to actuate movement of the piston relative to the casing in the direction of the second end of the casing. It is envisaged that the movement of the piston relative to the casing would result in fluid exiting the casing through the aperture adjacent the second end of the casing.

[0059] Similarly, if a fluid is introduced through an aperture adjacent the second end of the casing at sufficient pressure, movement of the piston relative to the casing in the direction of the first end of the casing may be actuated. It is envisaged that the movement of the piston relative to the casing would result in fluid exiting the casing through the aperture adjacent the first end of the casing.

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PCT/AU2017/050779 [0060] The one or more apertures may be adapted for connection to a suitable source of fluid. For instance, a connection member may be located on an outer surface of the casing, the connection member being adapted for connection to a hose, pipe or the like through which fluid may flow into the casing through the aperture from a source of the fluid. Any suitable source of fluid may be used, such as one more tanks, cylinders or other receptacles. Alternatively, the source of the fluid maybe an air blower, compressor or the like.

[0061] Any suitable fluid may be used in the device of the present invention. For instance, the fluid may comprise a liquid, a gas, or a combination thereof. Preferably, however, the fluid comprises a gas. Any suitable gas may be used, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the gas is substantially non-flammable and/or non-combustible. In some embodiments of the invention, the gas may comprise air, oxygen, nitrogen or the like, although a skilled addressee will understand that the exact gas used is not critical to the invention.

[0062] The working piston may be of any suitable form. Preferably, however, the working piston comprises a barrier that is at least partially located within the casing, and is movable relative thereto. The piston may be of any suitable size and shape, although it is envisaged that the size and shape of the piston may be determined by the internal dimensions of the casing. In use, it is envisaged that the piston will move relative to the casing at the interior thereof, and that the piston will be in contact with the inner wall or walls of the casing such that a seal is formed between the piston and the inner wall or walls of the casing.

[0063] In embodiments of the invention in which the casing is cylindrical, it is envisaged that the piston may be substantially annular in shape, and that the diameter of the piston may be substantially identical to the inner diameter of the casing.

[0064] Movement of the piston relative to the casing may be achieved using any suitable technique. It is envisaged, however, that the application of a force (in particular, an external force) to the piston may result in the movement of the piston relative to the casing.

[0065] The force may be applied directly or indirectly to the piston. In embodiments of the invention in which the force is applied indirectly to the piston, the force may be applied to the piston through the first and/or second force transfer members located between the piston and the source of the force. Any suitable force transfer members may be provided, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the one or more force transfer members may comprise one or more elongate members, such as one or more rods, wires, bars or the like, or a combination thereof. In this embodiment of the invention, a first end of the elongate members

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PCT/AU2017/050779 may be associated with the piston, while a second end of the elongate members may be associated with the source of the force. Preferably the first end and the second end of the elongate members are at substantially opposite ends of the elongate members.

[0066] In some embodiments of the invention, the one or more force transfer members may be formed integrally with the piston. Alternatively, the one or more force transfer members may be formed separately from the piston and adapted for fixed or temporary attachment thereto.

[0067] In some embodiments of the invention, the force transfer members may be connected to the source of the force (such as a hydraulic or pneumatic ram or the like), such that an application of a suitable force to the force transfer members produces a corresponding application of force to the piston. It is envisaged that, for the piston to move relative to the casing, the force applied to the piston must be sufficient to at least partially compress the fluid in the casing, or alternatively to expel at least a portion of the fluid from the casing through the one or more apertures therein. In this embodiment of the invention, the ends of the force transfer members adapted to be connected to the source of the force may be provided with a connection portion adapted to facilitate connection of the force transfer members to the source of the force (or to some other device). Any suitable connection portion may be provided, such as a screw threaded portion, keyed portion or the like, or a portion having a particular shape so as to connect to the source of the force. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, only the first force transfer member may be provided with a connection portion.

[0068] As previously stated, the second force transfer member includes a bore therein extending along at least a portion of its length. Preferably, the bore includes an opening at an end thereof, and preferably the end of the second force transfer member that extends through the second end wall of the casing.

[0069] The bore may extend along any suitable length of the second force transfer member. In one embodiment of the invention, the bore extends along substantially the entire length of the second force transfer member, such that the bore extends between the open end of the second force transfer member to the piston. The bore may be of any suitable diameter.

[0070] Any suitable object may be received in the bore. However, when the device is used for deploying an isolation member into a spoolable coil in a well, it is envisaged that at least a portion of a power cable, pipe or elongate member may be received in the bore.

[0071] It will be understood that downhole pressures in an oil or gas well may be relatively high. Thus, the pressure acting upwardly through the well on the device (and specifically the

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PCT/AU2017/050779 second force transfer member may be relatively high. It would be disadvantageous if pressure exerted on the device from the well was sufficient to result in movement of the piston towards the first end of the casing. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device may further comprise a movement restriction portion adapted to restrict unwanted movement of the piston during use, particularly unwanted movement of the piston during use towards the first end of the casing.

[0072] The movement restriction portion may be of any suitable form. For instance, the movement restriction portion may comprise one or more restraining members, such as one or more catches, latches, locks or the like adapted to retain one or both force transfer members in a particular position.

[0073] Alternatively, the movement restriction portion may be adapted to preclude movement of the piston under the pressure conditions found in a well. For instance, the movement restriction portion may include one or more collars or the like adapted to at least partially surround one or both force transfer members. In this embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that the one or more collars may be retained in frictional engagement with the one or more force transfer members such that the force transfer members are unable to move relative to the casing under the influence of the pressure in the well.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the one or more collars may be provided on the first end wall and/or the second end wall of the casing. More preferably, the one or more collars may be provided on an outer surface of the first end wall and/or the second end wall of the casing. Preferably the one or more collars are substantially annular in shape so that the first and/or second force transfer members pass at least partially through the centre of the annulus.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner diameter of the collar may be substantially identical to (or very slightly larger than) the outside diameter of the force transfer members, such that the force transfer members are retained in close frictional contact with the collar, thereby minimising or eliminating the risk of unwanted movement of the force transfer members relative to the casing.

[0076] In a fourth aspect, the invention resides broadly in an isolation member for isolating a well, the isolation member comprising:

a body including a bore extending substantially therethrough;

an actuation member movable relative to the body between a rest condition and a use condition;

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PCT/AU2017/050779 a sealing portion adapted to form a seal against an inner surface of a spoolable coil and an outer surface of a power cable, pipe or elongate member located within the spoolable coil; and one or more engagement portions adapted to engage with the inner surface of the spoolable coil;

wherein movement of the actuation member into the use condition results in the actuation of the sealing portion to form a seal against the inner surface of the spoolable coil and the outer surface of the power cable, pipe or elongate member, and the actuation of the one or more engagement portions to engage the inner surface of the spoolable coil.

[0077] The bore may extend through the body of the isolation member in any suitable direction. Preferably, however, the bore extends through the body in a direction substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the isolation member. More preferably, the bore extends through the body in a direction substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the isolation member.

[0078] In a preferred environment of the invention, the bore extends entirely through the body. Thus, in this embodiment of the invention, the isolation member may comprise, at opposed ends thereof, an opening of the bore.

[0079] In use, it is envisaged that the isolation member may be inserted into a spoolable coil inside a well or wellhead. It is also envisaged that the spoolable coil may comprise a power cable, pipe or elongate member. In this embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that, as the isolation member is inserted into the spoolable coil, the power cable, pipe or elongate member is received in the bore, thereby allowing the isolation member to move relative to both the power cable, pipe or elongate member and the spoolable coil. By providing a bore that extends entirely through the body, the isolation member is free to move any suitable distance relative to the spoolable coil.

[0080] The actuation member may be of any suitable size, shape or configuration. In addition, the actuation member may be movable relative to the body using any suitable technique. For instance, the actuation member may be movable between the rest condition and the use condition through sliding movement, pivoting movement, rotational movement, or the like, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0081] The movement of the actuation portion between the rest condition and the use condition may be actuated using any suitable technique. For instance, the actuation of the actuation portion may be achieved manually or automatically, such as through the use of one or more rams, motors or the like.

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PCT/AU2017/050779 [0082] The sealing portion may be of any suitable size, shape or configuration. For instance, the sealing portion may be provided on an external surface of the body, or may form part of the body itself. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sealing portion forms a part of the body and is located coaxially there with. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sealing portion also includes a bore therethrough. In this embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that the sealing portion may comprise a disc or annulus [0083] It is envisaged that, when the actuation member is in the rest condition, the sealing portion may have substantially they diameter that is no greater than the remainder of the body, and the diameter of the widest point of the body is no greater than the inside diameter of the spoolable coil. This ensures that, when the isolation member is introduced into a spoolable coil, the sealing portion does not prevent the isolation member from moving freely within the spoolable coil.

[0084] The sealing portion may form a seal against the inner surface of the spoolable coil in any suitable manner. For instance, movement of the actuation portion into the use condition may force the sealing portion outwardly from the body into abutment with the inner surface of the spoolable coil. More preferably, however, the sealing portion is fabricated from a deformable material, such that movement of the actuation member results in deformation of the sealing portion, the deformation urging the sealing portion into abutment with the inner surface of the spoolable coil.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, movement of the actuation member from the rest condition to the use condition results in the compression of the sealing portion in a first direction. It is envisaged that this compression in a first direction results in the expansion of the sealing portion in a second direction. Preferably, the second direction is substantially perpendicular to the first direction. More preferably, movement of the actuation member from the rest condition to the use condition compresses the sealing portion in a longitudinal direction, thereby resulting in expansion of the sealing portion in a lateral direction towards the inner surface of the spoolable coil.

[0086] As previously stated, the sealing portion may include a bore therethrough so as to facilitate movement of the isolation member relative to a power cable, pipe or elongate member that is at least partially received in the bore. In this embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that compression of the sealing portion in a longitudinal direction also results in expansion of the sealing portion inwardly in a lateral direction so that the sealing portion also forms a seal against the power cable, pipe or elongate member in the bore.

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PCT/AU2017/050779 [0087] The compression of the sealing member may be achieved using any suitable technique. For instance, the actuation member may be brought into direct abutment with the sealing member and may apply a force to the sealing member, thereby causing compression of the sealing member. Alternatively, one or more intermediate members may be located between the actuation member and the sealing member. In this embodiment of the invention, movement of the actuation member into the use condition may bring the actuation member into abutment with one or more intermediate members, which may in turn be brought into abutment with the sealing portion so as to result in the compression of the sealing member.

[0088] The one or more intermediate members may be of any suitable form, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the one or more intermediate members may include a substantially planar member. By providing a substantially planar member, the compressive force may be substantially evenly distributed across the sealing member, thereby assisting in creating substantially uniform compression of the sealing member. In this way, an adequate seal may be formed between the sealing member and the coil (and the sealing member and the power cable, pipe or elongate member) around the entire portion of the inner surface of the coil against which the sealing member abuts (and against the entire portion of the outer surface of the power cable, pipe or elongate member against which the sealing member abuts).

[0089] The one or more engagement portions may be of any suitable size, shape or configuration, and may be adapted to engage with the inner surface of the coil using any suitable technique. For instance, the engagement portions may be provided with adhesive portions adapted to adhesively engage with the inner surface of the coil. More preferably, however, the engagement portions are provided with one or more engagement members adapted to engage with the inner surface of the coil.

[0090] The engagement members may be of any suitable form. For instance, the engagement members may frictionally engage with the inner surface of the coil. More preferably, however, the engagement members may be adapted to at least partially penetrate the inner surface of the coil, thereby retaining the isolation member thereon. In this embodiment of the invention, the engagement members may include one or more projections, teeth, pins, needles or the like, or any suitable combination thereof. By at least partially penetrating the inner surface of the coil, the isolation member may effectively attach itself to the coil, meaning that retrieval of the isolation member from the well may also result in withdrawing the coil from the well.

[0091] In some embodiments of the invention, the isolation member may comprise one

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PCT/AU2017/050779 engagement member. More preferably, however, the isolation member may comprise a plurality of engagement members. The isolation members may be positioned on the body in any suitable configuration, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plurality of engagement portions are provided on the body so as to extend at least partially about the actuation member when the actuation member is in the rest condition. In this embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that each of the plurality of engagement members may extend partially about the actuation member. Most preferably, the plurality of engagement members extends substantially about the entire circumference of the actuation member so as to form a portion of the outer surface of the isolation member when the actuation member is in the rest condition. The engagement members may be of the same size as one another, or may be of different sizes.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that as the actuation member moves from the rest condition to the use condition, the plurality of engagement members may extend outwardly from the body towards the inner surface of the coil. Preferably, the movement of the engagement members is in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the isolation member.

[0093] The actuation member may move between the rest condition and the use condition in any suitable manner. For instance, the movement of the actuation member may be a pivoting movement, sliding movement, rotating movement, screw threaded movement, ratcheting movement or the like, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0094] In a particular embodiment of the invention, the movement of the actuation member may be a rotating movement. The rotating movement may be applied directly to an upper portion of the actuation member, or may be applied indirectly via one or more intermediate pieces of equipment. Any suitable intermediate equipment may be used to impart the rotational movement to the actuation member, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a rotational movement may be provided to the device for deploying an isolation member according to the third aspect of the present invention. In this embodiment, it is envisaged that a lower portion of the second force transfer member make abut with, or engage, and upper portion of the actuation member, such that the application of a rotational force to the device for deploying an isolation member may also impart a rotational force to the actuation member.

[0095] Thus, by applying a rotational movement to the device for deploying an isolation member (using any suitable technique, such as by applying the rotational movement manually or using one or more power tools, hydraulic tools or pneumatic tools), it is envisaged that a rotational movement of the actuation member relative to the body may be actuated, thereby

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PCT/AU2017/050779 causing movement of the actuation member relative to the body and movement of the one or more engagement portions outwardly from the body towards the inner surface of the coil.

[0096] The actuation member may be of any suitable shape. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuation member may taper along at least a portion of its length. Preferably, the actuation member tapers from its widest point in an upper region of the body to its narrowest point located in a lower region of the body. In this embodiment, it is envisaged that as the actuation member moves relative to the body (and preferably downwardly relative to the body in use) the one or more engagement members may move outwardly from the body as the width of the actuation member in abutment with the engagement members increases. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, movement of the actuation portion from the rest condition to the use condition effectively pushes the engagement portions outwardly from the body towards the inner surface of the coil.

[0097] The isolation member may be fabricated from any suitable material. Preferably, however, the isolation member may be largely fabricated from metal, such as steel, stainless steel or the like. It is envisaged that the sealing member may be fabricated from a different material to the remainder of the isolation member. Preferably, the sealing member is fabricated from a resiliently deformable material. Any suitable resiliently deformable material may be used, such as rubber, plastic or the like, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0098] In a fifth aspect aspect, the invention resides broadly in a method for removing a spoolable coil from a well, the spoolable coil including a power cable, pipe or elongate member, the method comprising the steps of:

a) Installing an isolation device on a wellhead, the isolation device adapted to receive at least a portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member therein;

b) Actuating the isolation device to deploy an isolation member into the spoolable coil, the isolation member being adapted to receive at least a portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member therein;

c) Actuating the isolation member so as to form a seal between the isolation member and both an inner surface of the spoolable coil and an outer surface of the power cable, pipe or elongate member;

d) Connecting one or more connection members to the spoolable coil; and

e) Withdrawing the spoolable coil from the well.

[0099] It is envisaged that the method of the present invention may be used with any suitable well, although preferably the well is an oil well or a gas well. Preferably, the method of

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PCT/AU2017/050779 the present invention is to be used with wells that have already been drilled and have a wellhead installed. The wells may have already been in production, or may be in a pre-production condition.

[00100] Any suitable power cable, pipe or elongate member may be used in the present invention. However, it is envisaged that the power cable may provide power to one or more pieces of downhole equipment, such as one or more pumps, valves, gauges or the like, or any suitable combination thereof. The exact type of power cable (i.e. the current or voltage carried by the cable, the diameter of the cable and so on) is not critical to the invention.

[00101] Any suitable spoolable coil may be used, and the spoolable coil may include any suitable number of completion components. The exact number and type of completion components is not critical, although it will be understood that at least one of the completion components requires electrical power for its operation, the electrical power being provided through the power cable.

[00102] Preferably, the isolation device comprises the device for deploying an isolation member into a spoolable coil according to the third aspect of the present invention.

[00103] Preferably, the isolation member comprises the isolation member according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.

[00104] It is envisaged that, prior to step a) of the method, the power cable may be deenergised. In this way, no electrical power may be supplied to the cable prior during the use of the method of the present invention.

[00105] In addition, it is envisaged that, in some embodiments of the invention, a number of additional steps may be required prior to installing the isolation device on the wellhead. For instance, it may be desirable to ensure that there is no pressure or flow through the wellhead. It is envisaged that this may be checked by opening one or more flow tees. In this embodiment of the invention, if this check reveals that no pressure or flow exists through the wellhead, one or more pieces of equipment (such as, but not limited to, a well cap, a flow tee, a wellhead penetrator or the like) may be removed from the wellhead.

[00106] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the isolation device and the isolation member may be associated with one another. For instance, the isolation device in the isolation member maybe formed integrally with one another, or maybe formed separately from one another and adapted for temporary or fixed connection thereto.

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PCT/AU2017/050779 [00107] Preferably, in use, the isolation member may be positioned below the isolation device. Thus, in this embodiment of the invention, the isolation member maybe introduced into the wellhead before the isolation device. It is envisaged that, in use, an upper portion of the isolation member may be connected to a lower portion of the isolation device. This connection may be achieved using any suitable technique, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the isolation member and the isolation device may be connected to each other using one or more fasteners. Any suitable fastener may be used such as, but not limited to one or more cable, pipe or elongate member locks. In some embodiments of the invention, the isolation member and the isolation device may be connected to one another using one or more frangible fasteners, such as one or more shear pins.

[00108] Preferably, the isolation member includes a bore that extends through the isolation member. In addition, at least a lower portion of the isolation device may include a bore. Thus, when the isolation device is installed on the wellhead (with the isolation member connected to a lower portion thereof), the isolation device and the isolation member maybe positioned such that the power cable, pipe or elongate member extends at least partially through the respective bores. In this way, the isolation member maybe introduced into the wellhead and/or well despite the fact that a power cable, pipe or elongate member is present.

[00109] The isolation device may be installed at any suitable location on the wellhead. Preferably however, the isolation device is installed on a flow tee.

[00110] It is envisaged that, in some embodiments of the invention, a seal may be formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member in the wellhead. Thus, prior to the deployment of the isolation member into the spoolable coil, this seal must be broken or removed. In one embodiment of the invention, a seal is formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member in the wellhead using a rod lock. Therefore, prior to the deployment of the isolation member into the spoolable coil, the seal formed by the rod lock against the power cable, pipe or elongate member must be removed.

[00111] The isolation member may be deployed into the spoolable coil by the isolation device using any suitable technique. In a preferred bottom of the invention, however, the isolation device may comprise one or more rams, pistons or the like (or any suitable combination thereof) actuation of which is adapted to deploy the isolation member into the spoolable coil. Actuation of the one more rams, pistons or the like may be achieved using any suitable technique, although it is envisaged that the one or more rams, pistons or the like may be actuated hydraulically or pneumatically in order to actuate the deployment of the isolation member.

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PCT/AU2017/050779 [00112] The isolation member maybe deployed any suitable distance into the spoolable coil. For instance, the isolation device may be deployed into the well, or may be deployed into the portion of the spoolable coil within the wellhead. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the isolation member may be deployed a relatively short distance into the spoolable coil, such that the isolation member remains within the wellhead. Preferably, the isolation member is deployed no further than 1 m into the spoolable coil. More preferably, the isolation member is deployed no further than 50 cm into the spoolable coil. Most preferably, the isolation member is deployed about 30 cm into the spoolable coil.

[00113] The isolation member may be actuated using any suitable technique so as to form a seal between the isolation member and in the surface of the spoolable coil. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the isolation member may include one or more sealing portions that, upon actuation of the isolation member, are adapted to form a seal against an inner surface of the spoolable coil. The sealing portions may be of any suitable form, though in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sealing portions may comprise one or more expandable portions adapted to expand outwardly from the isolation member to form a seal against an inner surface of the spoolable coil. In a preferred embodiment, the isolation member may further comprise one or more engagement members adapted to engage with an inner surface of the spoolable coil so as to connect the isolation member to the spoolable coil.

[00114] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuation of the isolation member may be achieved by rotating at least a portion of the isolation device relative to the wellhead. Specifically, the at least a portion of the isolation device may be rotated about an axis that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wellhead. More preferably, the at least a portion of the isolation device may be rotated about an axis that is substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the wellhead. Rotation of the at least a portion of the isolation device may be achieved using any suitable technique. For instance, the isolation device may be rotated manually or may be actuated in one or more pieces of equipment such as one or more hydraulic or pneumatic rams or the like.

[00115] Any suitable portion of the isolation device may be rotated. For instance, the entire isolation device may be rotated. Or preferably however, only a portion of the isolation device may be rotated. In this embodiment, one or more rotation members may be rotated relative to the rest of the isolation device. The one or more rotation members may be of any suitable form, although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the isolation device may comprise a piston house within a casing, the piston being associated with a rod that extends at least partially

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PCT/AU2017/050779 through the casing. In this embodiment of the invention, it is envisaged that the rod may be the rotation member.

[00116] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, once the isolation member has been actuated to form a seal with the inner surface of the spoolable coil, a pressure test may be conducted to ensure that sufficient sealing between the isolation member and the inner surface of the coil exists. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the pressure test may be conducted at wellbore pressure. More preferably, the pressure test may be conducted at greater than wellbore pressure. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the pressure test may be conducted at a pressure of about 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) above wellbore pressure.

[00117] If the seal passes the pressure test, the isolation device may be withdrawn from the wellhead. This may be achieved using any suitable technique. For instance, further rotation of the rotation members may result in the fasteners connecting the isolation device to the isolation member (for instance, shear pins) fracturing, thereby disconnecting the isolation member from the isolation device. At this point, the isolation device may be disconnected and/or withdrawn from the wellhead. Alternatively, an upward force may be applied to the isolation device (or at least to the rotation members), the upward force being sufficient to fracture the fasteners connecting the isolation device to the isolation member, but not sufficient to break the seal between the isolation member and the inner surface of the spoolable coil, or to disengage engagement members from the inner surface of the spoolable coil.

[00118] Prior to connecting the one or more connection members to the spoolable coil, a number of other steps in the method may be conducted. For instance, following the withdrawal of the isolation device, other items of equipment may be removed from the upper end of the wellhead. Any suitable items of equipment may be removed, such as, but not limited to, a flow tee, rod lock or the like.

[00119] It is envisaged that, prior to connecting the one or more connection members to the spoolable coil, one or more items of equipment may be connected to the upper end of the wellhead. Any suitable items of equipment may be connected, such as, but not limited to one or more flow tees, a BOP or the like, or any suitable combination thereof. In some embodiments of the invention an injector adapted to facilitate introduction of a spoolable coil to the well may be connected to the wellhead. Alternatively, these items of equipment may be connected to the wellhead following the connection of the connection members to the spoolable coil.

[00120] Any suitable connection members may be connected to the spoolable coil in order to

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PCT/AU2017/050779 facilitate its withdrawal from the well. For instance, one or more grips, clamps, hooks, or the like may be inserted into the wellhead and engaged with an upper portion of the spoolable coil. An upward force may then be applied to the connection members in order to withdraw the spoolable coil from the well.

[00121] More preferably, the one or more connection members may be associated with a coiled tubing located on a reel unit. In this embodiment of the invention, the one or more connection members may be adapted to connect two lengths of coiled tubing together. Thus, the connection members may be coil connection members. Any suitable coil connection members may be used, such as, but not limited to one or more roll on connectors, dimple connectors, or the like, or any suitable combination thereof.

[00122] In this embodiment, it is envisaged that coiled tubing located on a reel unit may be introduced to the wellhead through an injector. The coil connection members may be provided on the end of the coiled tubing, such that the coil connection members are received in the spoolable coil within the wellhead, thereby connecting the spoolable coil within the well to the coiled tubing on the reel unit.

[00123] Once the spoolable coil and the coiled tubing on the reel unit are connected, the reel unit may then be actuated to withdraw the spoolable coil from the well. Prior to this, it may be desirable to conduct a pressure test on either side of any seals that may exist in the wellhead (such as those between a rod lock and the spoolable coil) to ensure that the pressure on each side of the seal is substantially equal.

[00124] In addition, prior to withdrawing the spoolable coil from the well, any seals may exist in the wellhead (such as those between a rod lock and the spoolable coil) may be removed or disengaged.

[00125] Any of the features described herein can be combined in any combination with any one or more of the other features described herein within the scope of the invention.

[00126] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [00127] Preferred features, embodiments and variations of the invention may be discerned

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PCT/AU2017/050779 from the following Detailed Description which provides sufficient information for those skilled in the art to perform the invention. The Detailed Description is not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the preceding Summary of the Invention in any way. The Detailed Description will make reference to a number of drawings as follows:

[00128] Figure 1 illustrates a typical wellhead assembly.

[00129] Figures 2-13 illustrates steps in a method of installing a spoolable coil in a well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[00130] Figure 14 illustrates device for deploying an isolation member into a spoolable coil in a well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[00131] Figure 15 illustrates an isolation member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[00132] Figures 16-21 illustrate steps in a method of removing a spoolable coil from a well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS [00133] In Figure 1 there is illustrated a typical wellhead assembly 10 for use in a gas well, and particularly a coal seam gas well. The wellhead assembly 10 is largely conventional and represents a wellhead assembly that is in a pre-production condition.

[00134] The wellhead assembly 10 comprises a well cap 11, a rod lock 12 and a gas flow tee 13, through which gas from the well flows during production.

[00135] In Figure 1, rams (obscured) in the rod lock 12 are shut, and the valves 14 in the flow tee 13 are also closed, thereby shutting in the well (i.e. preventing the flow of fluid from the well through the wellhead 10).

[00136] Typically, the wellhead assembly 10 will be in the condition shown in Figure 1 prior to the commencement of the method for installing a spoolable coil according to an embodiment of the invention. It will be understood that if a wellhead assembly 10 is not in the condition shown in Figure 1, a user will place the wellhead assembly 10 in this condition prior to beginning the method.

[00137] Once the well is shut in, the method of installing a spoolable coil may be commenced. Initially, any built up pressure in the wellhead assembly 10 may be bled off and

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PCT/AU2017/050779 then the well cap 11 may be removed. It will be understood that removing the well cap 11 is only necessary when a well cap 11 is present: it is possible that, in some wells, the wellhead assembly 10 may not be fully assembled, and so the step of removing the well cap 11 is only required in wellhead assemblies 10 where the well cap 11 is present.

[00138] Following the removal of the well cap 11, the method of installing the spoolable coil commences, and the steps in the method are illustrated in Figures 2 to 13.

[00139] In Figure 2, a blow out preventer (BOP) 15 and a flow tee 16 is installed on the wellhead assembly 10. The blow out preventer is connected to an upper end of the rod lock 12.

[00140] In this Figure, it may be seen that rams 17 in the rod lock 12 are closed, thereby preventing fluid from the well flowing upwardly through the rod lock 12.

[00141] A coiled tubing injector 18 is also connected to an upper end of the flow tee 16 in preparation for the introduction of a spoolable coil (not shown) into the well.

[00142] At this point, a bottom hole assembly (BHA) (not shown) may be prepared for inserting into the well. The BHA may contain any suitable downhole components such as a drill bit, drill collars, drilling stabilizers, a downhole motor and rotary steerable system, measurement while drilling (MWD) and logging while drilling (FWD) tools. The BHA is typically connected to the end of the spoolable coil that first enters the well.

[00143] In Figure 3, a spoolable coil in the form of coiled tubing 19 containing a power cable (obscured) has been introduced into the well through the wellhead 10 using the injector 18 and run to the desired depth. The coiled tubing 19 is supplied from a reel unit (not shown). In order to allow the coiled tubing 19 to pass through the wellhead 10, the rams 17 in the rod lock 12 are moved into the open condition so that the coiled tubing 19 can pass through the rod lock 12. Once the coiled tubing is at the desired depth within the well, the rams 17 are again closed so as to form a seal against an outer surface of the coiled tubing 19.

[00144] Once the seal is formed against the outer surface of the coiled tubing 19 by the rams 17, pressure in the well may be checked through the gas flow tee 14. Flow of fluid from the well through the coiled tubing will be precluded by plug members (not shown) present in a conventional BHA.

[00145] In Figure 4 the coiled tubing 19 is now installed and the rams 17 on the rod lock 12 are closed. The injector 18 is now disconnected from the flow tee 16 and lifted away from the

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PCT/AU2017/050779 wellhead 10 in order to create an exposed length of coil 20. In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 4, the injector 18 is lifted between about lm and 1.5m above the from tee 16.

[00146] If required, a check of the reel unit (not shown) may be conducted to ensure that there is no flow, or increased pressure, in the coil 19.

[00147] The exposed length of coil 20 is cut using a coil cutting tool (not shown). While the tubing is cut, care is taken not to damage the power cable (obscured) inside the exposed length of coil 20. If necessary a relief cut may be placed in a different location in the exposed length of coil 20 (preferably above the point at which the coil 20 is cut through) prior to cutting the coil 20.

[00148] The coil 20 is cut at a point a sufficient distance above the flow tee 16 to ensure that part of the coil 20 extend above the flow tee 16 after the two portions of coil have been separated.

[00149] In Figure 5, the cut to the exposed portion of coil 20 has been made and the injector 18 has been lifted further (approximately another 40cm - 50cm) along with the upper portion of coil 21 (i.e. the portion of the coil still connected to the reel unit) in order to expose the power cable 22.

[00150] At this point, the exposed portion of the power cable 22 is cut through. Before this, however, a clamp 23 is placed on the power cable 22. The clamp 23 is adapted to both clamp onto the power cable 22 as well as be retained in a frictional engagement with the inner surface of the exposed length of coil 20, thereby preventing the power cable 22 from retracting into the well once the power cable 22 has been cut. The injector 18 may not be withdrawn, exposing the cut power cable 22 as shown in Figure 6.

[00151] As mentioned above, Figure 6 illustrates the wellhead assembly of Figure 5 with the injector 18 withdrawn, thereby exposing the cut end of the power cable 22. The power cable 22 is prevented from retracting or falling into the well by the use of the clamp 23 that retains the power cable 22 in place relative to the coil 19 in the wellhead 10. The flow tee 16 and BOP 15 may now also be removed from the wellhead 10.

[00152] In Figure 6, a second clamp 24 is prepared for attachment to the power cable 22. The attachment of the second clamp 24 to the power cable 22 is illustrated in Figure 7. In Figure 7, the upper end of the power cable 22 is connected to a lifting device in the form of a crane (shown figuratively as 25. The crane 25 lifts the power cable 22, thereby raising clamp 23 above the

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PCT/AU2017/050779 upper end of the coil 19.

[00153] In Figure 8, the next step in the method is illustrated. While the crane 25 holds the power cable 22 in the lifted position, clamp 23 may be removed from the power cable 22. The coil 19 is then cut in the location indicated by arrow 26. The cut is made at a point about 20cm 30cm above the upper end of the rod lock 12.

[00154] The coil 19 is cut using a coil cutting tool, and is cut through, being careful not to damage the power cable 22.

[00155] As shown in Figure 9, once the coil 19 is cut, the crane 25 may then release the tension on the power cable 22 so that a user may assess the length of power cable 22 extending above the coil 19. If satisfied, clamp 23 is reattached to the power cable 22 at a location just above the upper end of the coil 19 and the power cable 22 is released from the crane 25. Once this is done, clamp 24 is disconnected from the power cable 22 and the cut length of coil 27 may be removed by sliding it up and over the upper end of the power cable 22.

[00156] In Figure 10, the power cable 22 is now exposed above the coil 19. At this point, in preparation for bringing the well online, a water flow tee 28 is connected to the wellhead 10 above the rod lock 12 and an upper rod lock 29 is connected to the water flow tee 28.

[00157] The upper rod lock 29 includes rams 30 that are moveable between an open position illustrated in Figure 10 and a closed position illustrated in Figure 11. In the closed position, the rams 30 are actuated to abut the power cable 22, thereby forming a seal against the power cable 22. This completes the installation of the coil 19.

[00158] The remaining components of the wellhead 10 may now be assembled in order to complete the wellhead in preparation for production. The components, as illustrated in Figure 12 include a wellhead penetrator 31 and a flow tee 32 [00159] Figure 13 illustrates the completed wellhead assembly 10 ready for the commencement of production from the well. In addition to the components added to the wellhead 10 in Figure 12, Figure 13 also illustrates a well cap 33 connected to flow tee 32. The well cap 33 includes an electrical fitting 34 through which power is supplied to the power cable 22. This Figure illustrates the fluid inlet portion 35 located at the bottom of the well into which well fluid (in this case coal seam gas) enters the coil 19 for recovery through the wellhead 10.

[00160] In Figure 14, a device 36 for deploying an isolation member into a spoolable coil in a

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PCT/AU2017/050779 well according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The device 36 includes a tubular casing 37 that is closed at an upper end by an upper end wall 38 and at a lower end by a lower end wall 39. It will be understood that the terms “upper” and “lower” used herein refer to the positions of the feature of the device when the device is in use.

[00161] A working piston 40 is located inside the casing 37, the working piston 40 being of such a diameter that it forms a tight seal against the inner surface of the casing 37. The interior of the casing 37 is divided into an upper chamber 41 and a lower chamber 42 by the piston 40, and the relative sizes of the upper chamber 41 and the lower chamber 42 will vary based on the position of the piston 40 within the casing 37.

[00162] A first force transfer member in the form of a rod 43 extends from one side of the piston 40 through the upper end wall 38. The upper end of the rod 43 includes a connection portion 44 adapted to facilitate the connection of the rod 43 to a driver (not shown). The driver may either provide a vertical driving force to the rod 43 (i.e. by moving the piston 40 upwardly or downwardly within the casing 37) or may provide a rotational driving force to the rod 43.

[00163] A second force transfer member in the form of a rod 45 extends from one side of the piston 40 through the lower end wall 39. The rod 45 extends from the opposite side of the piston 40 to rod 43.

[00164] In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 14, the rod 45 is tubular, and includes a bore 46 along its entire length having an opening 47 at the lower end of the rod 45. In use, a power cable (not shown) in a spoolable coil located in an oil or gas well will be received in the bore 46 as the piston 40 moves downwardly towards the lower end wall 39.

[00165] As previously stated, movement of the piston 40 within the casing 37 may be driven by a drive applying a vertical force to the rod 43. However, movement of the piston may also be driven pneumatically or hydraulically by introducing and/or removing fluid from the chambers 41, 42 through valves 48, 49. The valves 48, 49 may be associated with compressors, blowers or the like, and, for instance, a fluid may be introduced into upper chamber 41 at relatively high pressure, thereby moving the piston 40 downwardly towards the lower end wall 39 and either compressing the fluid within the lower chamber 42 or driving relatively low pressure fluid out of the lower chamber 42 through valve 49.

[00166] The device 36 is also provided with a movement restriction portion in the form of a collar 50 located on an outer surface of the lower end wall 39. The collar 50 maintains a frictional abutment with the rod 45 so that unwanted upward movement of the piston 40 under

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PCT/AU2017/050779 pressure from within the well may be minimised or eliminated. The collar 50 may be of any suitable form, and may be fabricated from metal, plastic or the like.

[00167] In Figure 15 there is illustrated a cross-sectional view of an isolation member 51 for isolating a well according to an embodiment of the present invention. The isolation member 51 comprises a body 52 including an actuation member 53, engagement members 54 and a sealing member 55. The body 52 includes a bore 56 that extends along the longitudinal axis of the isolation member 51.

[00168] In use, the isolation member 51 is adapted to be deployed into a wellhead (not shown) having coiled tubing (not shown) therein, the coiled tubing (not shown) including a power cable (not shown). In this situation, the power cable (not shown) is adapted to be received within the bore 56 so that the isolation member 51 may move within the wellhead (not shown) relative to the power cable (not shown).

[00169] The actuation member 53 comprises a connection portion 57 at an upper end thereof, allowing the actuation member 53 to be directly or indirectly attached to a device for deploying the isolation member 53 into the wellhead (such as that illustrated in Figure 14). The actuation member 53 is shaped so as to taper from an upper portion thereof to a lower portion thereof positioned near the sealing member 55.

[00170] In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 15, the actuation member 53 is actuated by rotating the actuation member about its longitudinal axis. This actuation results in downward movement (i.e. movement along the longitudinal axis of the isolation member 51) of the actuation member 53 relative to the body 52. As the actuation member 53 moves downwardly relative to the body, the actuation member imparts a downward force to ring 58, which in turn compresses the sealing member 55. As the ring 58 is in abutment with substantially the entire upper surface of the sealing member 55, the compressive force imparted to the sealing member 55 by the ring 58 is substantially evenly dispersed across the entire width of the sealing member 55.

[00171] The sealing member 55 is fabricated from a resiliently deformable material, such as natural or synthetic rubber, meaning that the compressive force applied to the seahng member 55 by the ring 58 causes compression of the sealing member 55 along the longitudinal axis of the sealing member 55 (co-axial with the longitudinal axis of the actuation member 53). This in turn results in the expansion of the sealing member 55 outwardly from the body 52 in a lateral direction towards the inner surface of the coiled tubing (not shown) in use and inwardly in a

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PCT/AU2017/050779 lateral direction towards the power cable (not shown) located in the bore 56. Thus, in use, it is envisaged that actuation of the actuation member 53 results in the sealing member 55 forming a seal against both the inner surface of the coiled tubing and the outer surface of the power cable located in the bore 56. In this way, flow of well fluid through the wellhead (not shown) past the isolation member 51 is minimised or eliminated.

[00172] In addition, as the actuation member 53 moves downwardly relative to the body 52 the tapering of the actuation member force the engagement members 54 outwardly from the body 52 towards the inner surface of the coiled tubing (not shown). The engagement members 53 are provided with a plurality of teeth 59 that engage the inner surface of the coiled tubing (not shown) and at least partially penetrate the coiled tubing (not shown). In this way, the engagements members 53 (and therefore the isolation member 51) may be retained in connection with the coiled tubing (not shown).

[00173] In Figure 16, the first step in the method of retrieving a spoolable coil 19 from a well, the spoolable coil including a power cable 22, is illustrated. In this step, power to the power cable 22 is shut off. The flow tee 32 is opened to ensure there is no flow or pressure from within the well, and then the well cap 33 and wellhead penetrator (obscured) are removed from the wellhead 10.

[00174] Following the removal of the well cap 33 and the wellhead penetrator (obscured) an isolation member 51 is prepared for deployment into the wellhead 10 as illustrated in Figure 17. The isolation member 51 is connected by shear pins 60 to a device 36 for deploying the isolation member 51 into the spoolable coil 19.

[00175] The isolation member 51 includes a bore 56 that extends therethrough, and the upper end of the power cable 22 exposed by the removal of the well cap 33 is inserted into the bore 56 in preparation for the deployment of the isolation member 51. The device 36 is then connected to the flow tee 32 in screw-threaded engagement.

[00176] In Figure 18, the rams 30 in the rod lock 29 are released from their engagement with the power cable 22. This provides a path for the isolation member 51 to pass through the rod lock 29 and into the wellhead 10.

[00177] Once the rams 30 in the rod lock 29 are opened, the device 36 may be actuated in order to deploy the isolation member 51 into the wellhead 10. In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 19, the device 36 has been actuated so that the piston 40 moves downwardly in the casing 37 towards the lower end wall 39. In this embodiment of the

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PCT/AU2017/050779 invention, actuation of the device 36 is achieved through the injection of relatively high pressure gas into the upper chamber 41 of the casing 37 in order to drive the piston 40 downwards towards the lower end wall 39.

[00178] Movement of the piston 40 towards the lower end wall 39 deploys the isolation member 51 into the wellhead 10 inside the coil 19 at a location within the rod lock 12.

[00179] As has been previously stated, the isolation member 51 includes a bore 56 along its longitudinal axis through which the power cable 22 passes, thereby allowing the isolation member 51 to move within the coil 19. In addition, the lower rod 45 of the device 36 also includes a bore (obscured) therein in which the power cable 22 is received as the lower rod 45 moves into the wellhead 10 to deploy the isolation member 51.

[00180] Once the isolation member 51 is deployed to the desired position within the wellhead 10, the upper rod 43 of the device 36 is rotated about its longitudinal axis, thereby actuating the actuation member (obscured) of the isolation member 51. As discussed in connection with Figure 15, the actuation of the actuation member (obscured) results in compression of the sealing member (obscured), thereby creating a seal between the sealing member (obscured) and the inner surface of the coil 19. In addition, a further seal is created between the sealing member (obscured) and the outer surface of the power cable 22.

[00181] Furthermore, actuation of the actuation member (obscured) pushes the engagement members (obscured) outwardly towards the inner surface of the coil 19. The engagement members (obscured) are provided with teeth that bite into the inner surface of the coil 19, thereby retaining the isolation member 51 in connection with the coil 19.

[00182] Once the isolation member 51 has been actuated to form a seal with the inner surface of the spoolable coil 19, a pressure test is conducted to ensure that sufficient sealing between the isolation member 51 and the inner surface of the coil 19 exists. The pressure test is conducted at a pressure of about 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) above wellbore pressure.

[00183] Following the pressure test, the device 36 is removed from the wellhead 10. The device 36 is removed by fracturing the shear pins (obscured) connecting the device 36 to the isolation member 51, thereby allowing the device 36 to be withdrawn from the wellhead. This may be achieved through further rotation of the device 36 (or a part thereof). Following the withdrawal of the device 36, the rod lock 29 and flow tee 32 may also be removed.

[00184] In Figure 20, the BOP 15, flow tee 16 and injector 18 are again prepared for

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PCT/AU2017/050779 connection to the wellhead 10. Prior to their connection, coil 57 from a reel unit (not shown) is run through the injector 18, flow tee 16 and BOP 15 so that a lower end of the coil 57 projects through the BOP 15. A roll on connector 58 is connected to the coil 57, and the roll on connector 58 is inserted into the upper end of the coil 19 within the wellhead 10, thereby connecting the coil 19 in the wellhead 10 to the coil 57 on the reel unit (not shown).

[00185] Once the two pieces of coil 19, 57 have been connected to one another, the BOP 15 is lowered onto the wellhead 10 and connected to rod lock 12.

[00186] In Figure 21, the final step in the method of retrieving the coil 19 from the well is illustrated. In this Figure, the pressure in the wellhead 10 is tested using flow tee 16 to ensure that the pressure on each side of the seal formed by the rams 17 in the rod lock 12 is substantially equal.

[00187] Once the pressure test is complete, the rams 17 are released from their engagement with the coil 19, and the reel unit (not shown) is actuated so as to pull the coil 19 upwardly out of the well. Actuation of the reel unit (not shown) results in withdrawal of the coil 19 from the well through the injector 18.

[00188] While coiled tubing containing a power cable has been described above, the skilled addressee will readily appreciate that the isolation member, the associated devices and methods described above may be used with reference to coiled tubing containing a pipe or other elongate member rather than a power cable. In such case, the pipe or other elongate member extends through the bore of the isolation member in a similar manner to the power cable.

[00189] The present invention provides a significant advantage over the prior art. Critically, the present invention allows for coiled tubing containing a cable (a power and/or data cable), pipe or other elongate member to be installed in, and removed from, a live well without the need to kill the well. Thus, future production from the well may be safeguarded by removing the necessity to kill the well in order to install or removed the coiled tubing (and associated completion components).

[00190] In the present specification and claims (if any), the word ‘comprising’ and its derivatives including ‘comprises’ and ‘comprise’ include each of the stated integers but does not exclude the inclusion of one or more further integers.

[00191] Reference throughout this specification to ‘one embodiment’ or ‘an embodiment’ means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the

WO 2018/018088

PCT/AU2017/050779 embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrases ‘in one embodiment’ or ‘in an embodiment’ in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more combinations.

[00192] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to structural or methodical features. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims (if any) appropriately interpreted by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An isolation member for isolating a well, the isolation member comprising: a body including a bore extending substantially there through;

a sealing portion adapted to form a seal against an inner surface of a spoolable coil and an outer surface of a power cable, pipe or elongate member located within the spoolable coil; and one or more engagement portions adapted to engage with the inner surface of the spoolable coil;

2. An isolation member according to claim 1 wherein the bore extends through the body in a direction substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the isolation member.

3. An isolation member according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the bore extends entirely through the body such that the isolation member comprises an opening of the bore at each opposed end thereof.

4. An isolation member according to claim 3 wherein the spoolable coil includes the power cable, pipe or elongate member that, in use, is received in the bore, thereby allowing the isolation member to move relative to both the power cable, pipe or elongate member and the spoolable coil.

5. An isolation member according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the actuation member is moveable between the rest condition and the use condition through sliding movement, screw threaded movement, rotating movement, ratcheting movement or a combination thereof.

6. An isolation member according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the sealing member forms a part of the body and is located coaxially therewith.

7.

An isolation member according to claim 6 wherein the bore extends through the sealing

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PCT/AU2017/050779 member such that the sealing member comprises a disc or annulus.

8. An isolation member according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the sealing member is fabricated from a deformable material, such that actuation of the actuation member from the rest condition to the use condition results in compression of the sealing member in a longitudinal direction.

9. An isolation member according to claim 8 wherein compression of the sealing member results in expansion of the sealing member in a lateral direction towards the inner surface of the spoolable coil and the outer surface of the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

10. An isolation member according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the engagement portions include one or more engagement members adapted to engage with the inner surface of the spoolable coil.

11. An isolation member according to claim 10 wherein the one or more engagement members are adapted to at least partially penetrate the inner surface of the spoolable coil.

12. A device for deploying an isolation member into a spoolable coil in a well, the device comprising:

a casing for containing a fluid;

13. A device according to claim 12 wherein the casing is adapted to contain a pressurised fluid.

14. A device according to claim 12 or claim 13 wherein the casing comprises a single chamber divided into two portions by the location of the piston within the casing.

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PCT/AU2017/050779

15. A device according to any one of claims 12 to 14 wherein the casing includes one or more apertures therein, the one or more apertures being adapted for use as inlets and/or outlets for the fluid to be introduced to the casing.

16. A device according to any one of claims 12 to 15 wherein the working piston comprises a barrier that is at least partially located within the casing and is movable relative thereto.

17. A device according to any one of claims 12 to 16 wherein the bore extends along substantially the entire length of the second force transfer member, such that the bore extends between an open end of the second force transfer member to the piston.

18. A device according to any one of claims 12 to 17 wherein the device further comprises a movement restriction portion adapted to restrict unwanted movement of the piston during use.

19. A device according to claim 18 wherein the movement restriction portion comprises one or more collars adapted to at least partially surround one or both of the force transfer members.

20. A device according to any one of claims 12 to 19 wherein the isolation member is the isolation member of any one of claims 1 to 11.

21. A method for removing a spoolable coil from a well, the spoolable coil including a power cable, pipe or elongate member, the method comprising the steps of:

d) Connecting one or more connection members to the spoolable coil; and

e) Withdrawing the spoolable coil from the well.

22. A method according to claim 21 wherein the isolation device is the device of any one of

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PCT/AU2017/050779 claims 12 to 20.

23. A method according to claims 21 or 22 wherein the isolation member is the isolation member of any one of claims 1 to 11.

24. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 23 wherein, prior to step a) of the method, the power cable is de-energised.

25. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 24 wherein, in use, the isolation member is positioned below the isolation device, such that the isolation member is introduced into the wellhead before the isolation device.

26. A method according to claim 25 wherein an upper portion of the isolation member is connected to a lower portion of the isolation device.

27. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 26 wherein the isolation device is installed on a flow tee.

28. A method for installing a spoolable coil in a well, the spoolable coil including a power cable, pipe or elongate member, the method comprising the steps of:

29. A method according to claim 28 wherein, prior to step a) of the method, the well is shutin by actuating a rod lock.

30. A method according to claim 28 or claim 29 wherein the seal is formed against an outer surface of the spoolable coil using a using a rod lock.

31. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 30 wherein the portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member is exposed by cutting the spoolable coil to form a first portion of

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PCT/AU2017/050779 the spoolable coil and a second portion of the spoolable coil and retracting the second portion of the spoolable coil to expose the portion of the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

32. A method according to claim 31, the method further comprising the step of cutting the power cable, pipe or elongate member is cut at a point above the point at which the spoolable coil was cut.

33. A method according to claim 32, the method further comprising the step of attaching one or more retention members to the power cable, pipe or elongate member prior to cutting the power cable, pipe or elongate member.

34. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 33 wherein the seal is formed against the power cable, pipe or elongate member using a rod lock.

35. A method according to claim 32 or 33 wherein an exposed upper end of the power cable is adapted for connection to a power source.

36. A wellhead assembly for a well, the wellhead assembly comprising:

37. A wellhead assembly according to claim 36 wherein the first sealing device and the second sealing device comprise rod locks.

38. A wellhead assembly according to claim 36 or 37 wherein the wellhead assembly is prepared according to the method of any one of claims 28 to 35.