AU2015227521B2

AU2015227521B2 - Use of neutral-density particles to enhance barite sag resistance and fluid suspension transport

Info

Publication number: AU2015227521B2
Application number: AU2015227521A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Stephen W. Almond; Dale E. Jamison
Original assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Current assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Priority date: 2012-02-17
Filing date: 2015-09-18
Publication date: 2016-06-23
Anticipated expiration: 2033-02-05
Also published as: AU2015227521A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in suspensions. The invention provides a subterranean treatment fluid including a base fluid; a weighting agent; and a neutral-density particle.

Description

USE OF NEUTRAL-DENSITY PARTICLES TO ENHANCE BARITE SAG RESISTANCE AND FLUID SUSPENSION TRANSPORT

BACKGROUND

[0001] The present disclosure relates to neutral-density particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in subterranean applications. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to neutral-density particles and their use in subterranean treatment fluids to enhance sag resistance of high-density particles and fluid transport.

[0002] As used herein, the term "particles" is not intended to be limiting and does not imply any particular shape. As used herein, the term "high-density particles" refers to particles in suspension that have relatively high densities compared to its continuous phase (e.g., base fluid) and have a tendency to undergo undesirable sagging. In some cases, a suspension may have multiple distributions of particle densities.

[0003] As used herein, the term "neutral-density particles" may be a context dependent term that describes particles in suspension whose densities may range anywhere from about the density of the high-density particles to the density of the continuous phase or slightly less. For the purposes of this disclosure, a neutral-density particle will differ from a high-density particle in at least one of: shape, size, and/or density.

[0004] Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out and come to rest. Numerous forces can act on a particle to promote settling (or "sagging"). These include, but are not limited to, gravity, centrifugal acceleration, electromagnetism, and the like. As used herein, "settling" or "sagging" is the falling of suspended particles through liquid. For the purposes of this disclosure, "settling" and "sagging" are used interchangeably. Sedimentation is the termination of the settling or sagging process. The "settling velocity" at which suspended particles settle may also depend on other factors including, but not limited to, their weight, diameter, and shape. As used herein, the term "sag resistance" is a measure of the resistance to flow with no shear on the material. Sag resistance may also generally refer to a suspension's ability to resist sagging of its particles.

[0005] There are many real-world fluids for which sagging can be a significant problem. For example, sagging may be particularly undesirable in drilling fluids or "drilling muds" as it can adversely affect the density of the fluid. When settling is prolonged in a drilling fluid that is in use, the upper part of a wellbore can lose mud density, which lessens the hydrostatic pressure in the hole. The density of a drilling fluid is determined by the particular mixture of its components, which typically include a base fluid (e.g., water, brines, oil, etc.), and additives (e.g., emulsifiers, viscosifiers, etc.).

[0006] During a typical drilling operation, the density of the drilling fluid should match or be slightly higher than the formation pressure. For example, when formation pressure increases, drilling fluid density should also increase. This is often achieved by adding high-density particles ("weighting agents") to the drilling fluid since the column of drilling fluid in the wellbore exerts a hydrostatic pressure ("head pressure") proportional to the depth of the hole and the density of the drilling fluid. However, high-density particles such as weighting agents have a greater tendency to sag in lower density fluids (e.g., base fluid) to reduce the effective density difference.

[0007] The undesirable sagging of weighting agents can cause density fluctuations in drilling fluids that can de-stabilize a wellbore. In the worst case scenario, an unbalanced formation pressure can cause spikes in the pressure that can ultimately lead to a blowout. Less catastrophic potential outcomes include downhole mud losses and stuck pipes. Some of these may still lead to hole abandonment.

[0008] Examples of available weighting agents include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate, siderite, hematite, barite, and the like. In particular, barite is a common weighting agent used in drilling fluids. As used herein, "barite" generally refers to particles made from barium sulfate. Drilling grade barite is typically ground to a particle size of about 5 microns to about 75 microns, according to American Petroleum Institute standards (API), and has a specific gravity of about 4.20 g/cm3 depending on its purity.

[0009] As used herein, "specific gravity" refers to the ratio of density of a particular substance to the density of a reference substance (typically water for fluids). Specific gravity is calculated based on densities at constant pressure and temperature. Grinding procedures will often produce particles having a distribution of sizes. The distribution of the particle sizes are often described as a particle size distribution that defines the relative amounts of a particles present, sorted according to size.

[0010] The settling of barite is usually referred to as "barite sag." For drilling fluids containing barite, a significant fluctuation in density may be greater than about 0.5 Ibm/gal (60 kg/m3) along a mud column, which is the result of settling of the barite in the drilling fluid. Sag may occur in both static and dynamic (e.g., while the drilling fluid is being circulated) situations. In dynamic situations such as fluid transport applications, the presence of high-density particles (e.g., barite) in fluids may resist the flow of a given fluid. Thus, sag may also cause problems whenever fluid suspensions need to be transported along a flow field.

[0011] There are several known approaches to managing barite sag in subterranean applications. Common sag management approaches include rheological modifications and particle size distribution management and formulation. While it is generally known that smaller barite particles have less sag, they are also more costly to grind. Suspensions in non-vertical columns are also known to settle faster than suspensions in vertical columns. This, however, may require wellbores to have significant deviations in its geometries, which is often not practical or cost effective. Another approach includes increasing the viscosity of the fluid by the use of viscosifiers, gelling agents, and the like to Theologically enhance the suspension of weighting agents. These methods are somewhat limited in that they may not work with pre-existing columns. An excessive increase in viscosity can also have adverse effects on the equivalent circulating density of a fluid, which can lead to additional problems discussed earlier.

[0012] Moreover, the behavior of settling particles may be categorized into a "free settling" regime and a "hindered settling" regime. While the free settling regime describes settling of particles (e.g., high-density particle) that do not interact with each other (/.e., a particle in an infinite fluid), in the real world, particles tend to behave in the hindered settling regime where they are affected by interactions with other particles, container walls, etc. Moreover, high-density particles may be physically obstructed from settling by a high number of very small particles. The presence of very small particles hinders the settling of the larger particles which, in turn, leads to the very small particles being dragged down more quickly than under the free settling regime. Thus, enhancing certain hindered settling mechanisms should also reduce the settling rate for a given particle.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0012a] In one aspect, disclosed herein is a subterranean treatment fluid comprising: a base fluid; a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral-density particle that reduces the first average settling velocity to a second average settling velocity, wherein the neutral-density particle is selected from the group consisting of: a polyamide, polyacronitrile, polyvinyl acetate, a polymethylpentene, a natural rubber, a butyl rubber, a polycarbonate, a buckyball, a nanoclay, exfoliated graphite, and any combination thereof.

[0013] Disclosed herein are particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in subterranean applications. More specifically, disclosed herein are neutral-density particles and their use in subterranean treatment fluids to enhance sag resistance of high-density particles and fluid transport.

[0014] Disclosed herein are methods comprising: providing a subterranean treatment fluid comprising: a base fluid and a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the subterranean treatment fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby reducing the first average settling velocity of the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity.

[0015] Disclosed herein are methods comprising: providing a drilling fluid comprising: a base fluid, a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: an acid, a biocide, a breaker, a clay stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a crosslinker, a friction reducer, a gelling agent, an iron control agent, a scale inhibitor, a surfactant, a proppant, and any combination thereof; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the drilling fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby reducing the first average settling velocity of the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity.

[0015a] Disclosed herein is a subterranean treatment fluid including; a base fluid: a weighting agent; and a neutral-density particle.

[0016] The features and advantages disclosed herein will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the description of the preferred embodiments that follows.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Disclosed herein are neutral-density particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in subterranean applications. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to neutral-density particles and their use in subterranean treatment fluids to enhance sag resistance of high-density particles and fluid transport.

[0018] The methods and compositions disclosed herein are useful in a variety of applications in which it is desirable to enhance sag resistance of particles in suspension in any context. The methods and compositions disclosed herein should also have applicability in various mining and drilling operations. In some embodiments, the methods and compositions disclosed herein should be useful in pipeline operations to enhance the suspension of particulates in the pipeline fluid. In yet other embodiments, the methods and compositions disclosed herein may be useful in maintaining the suspension of particulates in the formation of composites containing such particulates.

[0019] As used herein, a "suspension" is a heterogeneous fluid that has solid particles (i. e. , dispersed phase) that are sufficiently large for sedimentation . Suspensions also include a medium (i. e., continuous phase) that is typically less dense than the dispersed phase. The continuous phase may be solid, liquid, or gas.

[0020] Examples of suitable suspensions include, but are not limited to, drilling fluids, completion fluids, and cement compositions, as well as potentially other fluids that are used in subterranean operations (e.g., such as fracturing fluids, sand control fluids, lost circulation pills, etc.). Other examples include, but are not limited to, applications in cosmetics (e.g., exfoliator, sunscreen, etc.), foodstuffs (e.g., salad dressing, soup, etc.), paints and pigments, in which it is desirable to maintain particulates in suspension .

[0021] Although many of the embodiments disclosed herein will be discussed in the context of subterranean operations, such discussion is only intended to illustrate some applications of enhancing sag resistance using the methods disclosed herein and should not be considered limiting. There are a number of advantages disclosed herein.

[0022] Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for enhancing the sag resistance of particles suspended in fluids without use of chemical additives or manipulating the geometry of the wellbore. The present disclosure is able to enhance hindered settling of a particle by providing neutral-density particles that have a certain density, shape (including size), and particle count number according to the embodiments disclosed herein. It is believed that the density, shape, and particle count of neutral-density particles may contribute to reduce the settling rate of a given particle. In some cases, the synergistic effects of these factors working together can provide unexpected or surprisingly good reduction in the tendency of particles to sag in the fluids.

[0023] The enhancement of hindered settling, which increases sag resistance, may be achieved through a number of means. For example, the neutral-density particles can interact with the high-density particles (via attractive forces such as electrostatic, Van der Waals, etc.) to reduce the settling rate of high-density particles. It is believed that this interaction is the result of a "particle-fluid network" structure that is formed within the treatment fluid when sufficient amounts of neutral-density particles are added . In some embodiments, it is believed that particles in suspension will tend to behave in the hindered settling regime when the particle concentration is greater than about 0.1% by volume. This may be dependent on the characteristics of the particles and the fluid, as well as other factors.

[0024] It is also believed that in this network, high-density particles present in the treatment fluid are physically hindered, obstructed, prevented, or blocked from settling. In at least some embodiments, this physical hindering requires that the high-density particles come in contact with other particles (e.g., neutral-density particles). Thus, it is generally desirable that the neutral-density particles are present in at least a sufficient amount to create the physically hindering effect, which may be related to the presence of the particles at a sufficient concentration, particle count, and/or the shapes or geometries that take up significant volume.

[0025] In some cases, the particles disclosed herein may dynamically take up volumes of space that are much greater than their actual static volumes. For example, it is believed that neutral-density particles having certain shapes will be free to rotate, tumble, or walk (e.g., by stochastic processes such as Brownian motion). These motions allow the particles to obstruct a certain amount of space that is greater than their actual volume. It is also believed that certain high-aspect ratio shapes may provide a greater degree of hindered settling . For example, fibers or rods may be particularly advantageous because of their tendency to self-align, e.g., in films, which also increases the potential associative interactions between the particles. Thus, the shape of the neutral-density particles may affect the settling rate of high-density particles.

[0026] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may comprise, but are not limited to, polyethylene (e.g., LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE), polypropylene, polybutylene, polyamide, polystyrene, polyacronitrile, polyvinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene, polymethylpentene, ethylene-propylene, natural rubber, butyl rubber, polycarbonate, buckyballs, carbon nanotubes (single walled or multi-walled), nanoclays, exfoliated graphite, as well as other materials that have a density that matches or closely resembles the density of the continuous phase of the suspension. Generally, materials that have relatively large surface areas are particularly desirable because they tend to have higher drag coefficients.

[0027] In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a suspension comprising: neutral-density particles and a weighting agent suspended in a base fluid. In some embodiments, the suspension comprises a suspension selected from the group consisting of: a drilling fluid, a fracturing fluid, a completion fluid, a sand control fluid, a cement fluid, a loss circulation fluid and any combination thereof.

[0028] In other embodiments, the suspension comprises a suspension fluid selected from the group consisting of: a cosmetic product, a paint product, a food product, and any combination thereof. Suitable examples of suspensions include, but are not limited to, exfoliators, creams, sunscreens, salad dressings, soups, and the like.

[0029] In an example of a subterranean treatment fluid of the present disclosure, a drilling fluid is described. In one embodiment, disclosed herein is a drilling fluid comprising neutral-density particles and a weighting agent suspended in a base fluid. Optionally, the drilling fluid may also comprise additives such as, but not limited to, emulsifiers, fluid-loss control agents, wetting agents, viscosifiers, and alkali.

[0030] In general, the base fluid may be any fluid that may be used as a continuous phase. Suitable base fluids may include, but not be limited to, oil-based fluids, aqueous-based fluids, aqueous-miscible fluids, water-in-oil emulsions, or oil-in-water emulsions. Suitable oil-based fluids may include alkanes, olefins, aromatic organic compounds, cyclic alkanes, paraffins, diesel fluids, mineral oils, desulfurized hydrogenated kerosenes, and any combination thereof. Suitable aqueous-based fluids may include fresh water, saltwater (e.g., water containing one or more salts dissolved therein), brine (e.g., saturated salt water), seawater, and any combination thereof. Suitable aqueous-miscible fluids may include, but not be limited to, alcohols, e.g., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, and t-butanol; glycerins; glycols, e.g., polyglycols, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol; polyglycol amines; polyols; any derivative thereof; any in combination with salts, e.g., sodium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, potassium carbonate, sodium formate, potassium formate, cesium formate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium acetate, ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate; any in combination with an aqueous-based fluid, and any combination thereof. Suitable water-in-oil emulsions, also known as invert emulsions, may have an oil-to-water ratio from a lower limit of greater than about 50:50, 55:45, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, or 80:20 to an upper limit of less than about 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25, 70:30, or 65:35 by volume in the base treatment fluid, where the amount may range from any lower limit to any upper limit and encompass any subset therebetween. Examples of suitable invert emulsions include those disclosed in U.S. Patent Number 5,905,061, U.S. Patent Number 5,977,031, and U.S. Patent Number 6,828,279, each of which are incorporated herein by reference. It should be noted that for water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions, any mixture of the above may be used including the water being and/or comprising an aqueous-miscible fluid.

[0031] It should be noted that when "about" is provided at the beginning of a numerical list, "about" modifies each number of the numerical list.

It should be noted that in some numerical listings of ranges, some lower limits listed may be greater than some upper limits listed. One skilled in the art will recognize that the selected subset will require the selection of an upper limit in excess of the selected lower limit.

[0032] In some embodiments, the specific gravity of the neutral-density particles will range from about the density of the weighting agent and about the density of the base fluid. In some embodiments, the density of the neutral-density particle may be slightly less than the density of the base fluid. The exact density used may depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, particle shape, particle size, particle count, particle cost, particle availability, and the like.

[0033] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles are present in at least 0.1% by volume of the drilling fluid.

[0034] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may have a diameter of about nanoscale to about 150 microns. In some preferred embodiments, the diameter may be about 100 nm to about 50 μίτι. In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles will have at least one dimension that is nanoscale (/.e., less than 1 micron).

[0035] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles have a diameter ranging from a lower limit of about 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 25 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 250 nm, 500 nm, 1 μίτι, 5 μηη to an upper limit of about 50 nm, 100 nm, 250 nm, 500 nm, 1 μΐη, 2 μηη, 5 μηη, 10 μίτι, 25 μίτι, 50 μίτι, 75μΐτι, 100 μίτι, and wherein the diameter may range from any lower limit to any upper limit and encompass any subset therebetween.

[0036] The neutral-density particles are not limited to any particular shape. In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may be spherical, elongated, oblong, honeycombed, fibrous, very fine particulates, or any other shape. In general, it is believed that the specific geometries of the neutral-density particles can affect the settling rate of the weighting agent or any particle present in the suspension. In particular, the honeycombed and fibrous neutral-density particles may act as a "net" to capture the settling weighting agent or dense particle.

[0037] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may be coated and/or functionalized. This coating and/or functionalization may enhance the particle-to-particle interaction between the neutral-density particles and the dense particles. The coating and/or functionalization may also enhance the hindered settling effects on the dense particles. Suitable coating and functionalization materials include, but are not limited to, nylon, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like. It may be desirable for the functionalized materials to be a polymer featuring any number of geometric shapes, including a long tail. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the specific geometrical shape of the functionalized material may further reduce the settling of the particles.

[0038] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may be coated and/or functionalized to make the neutral-density particles water-wet or oil-wet. The desirability of the coating and/or functionalization may depend on several factors such as, but not limited to, the nature of the fluid, and the desired direction of particle flow. These factors will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0039] In general, oftentimes weighting agents found in drilling fluids are dense particles having a specific gravity of at least about 2.5 g/cm3. Suitable examples of weighting agents include, but are not limited to, barite, hermatite (Fe203), calcium carbonate, siderite (FeC03), ilmenite (FeOTi02), and the like. The weighting agents may be ground to the desired size by a variety of methods. The weighting agents may be coated or uncoated.

[0040] In some embodiments using barite as the weighting agent, the barite has a particle size of about 5 microns to about 75 microns as required by API for drilling grade barite. In some embodiments, barite may have a d5o of about 30 microns to about 55 microns. In some embodiments, barite may be ground to a distribution such that at least 90% (d90) of the cumulative volume of the measured particle diameters is between about 4 to about 20 microns and includes at least 50% of the cumulative volume of the measured particle diameters (d50) in the range of about 1 to about 10 microns. In some embodiments, the barite may have a di0 of about 1 micron to about 20 microns. In some embodiments, the barite may have a d5oOf about 1 to about 4 microns.

In some embodiments, the barite may have a d50 of about less than 1 micron.

In some embodiments, the barite may have a d90 of about 1 micron to about 10 microns. In some embodiments, the barite may have a d90 of about 8 microns to about 18 microns. In some embodiments, the barite may have a d90 of about 1 micron to about 20 microns.

[0041] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein generally comprise providing a drilling fluid comprising: a base fluid and a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the drilling fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby reducing the first average settling velocity of the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity. In some embodiments, the weighting agent is ground to a particle size of about 5 microns to about 75 microns.

[0042] The settling velocities of particles may be verified using a Dynamic High Angle Sag Test (DHAST™ from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.) system such as the one described in U.S. 6,584,833, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Commercially available systems include M8500 ULTRA HPHT DYNAMIC SAGGING TESTER from Grace Instrument, Houston, TX.

[0043] In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a fracturing fluid comprising: a base fluid, neutral-density particles, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: an acid, a biocide, a breaker, a clay stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a crosslinker, a friction reducer, a gelling agent, an iron control agent, a scale inhibitor, a surfactant, a proppant, and any combination thereof. Such additives are well-known by those of ordinary skill in the art. Suitable examples of some of these are described in U .S. 7,712,534, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0044] In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a completion fluid comprising: a base fluid, neutral-density particles, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: one or more salts, a gas, a surfactant, a fluid loss control additive, a rheology control additive, and any combination thereof. Such additives are well-known by those of ordinary skill in the art. Suitable examples of some of these are described in U.S. 7, 124,822 and 7,575,055, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0045] In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a sand control fluid comprising: a base fluid, neutral-density particles and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: a proppant, a relative permeability modifier, a consolidating agent, and any combination thereof. Such additives are well-known by those of ordinary skill in the art. Suitable examples of some of these are described in U .S. 7,493,957 and 7,678,742, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0046] In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a paint comprising: a pigment and neutral-density particles. Optionally, the paint may further comprise at least one of: a solvent, a filler, an antifreeze additive, a catalyst, a thickener, an adhesion promoter, a UV stabilizer, a de-glossing agent, a biocide, and any combination of these.

[0047] In some embodiments, the pigment comprises a pigment selected from the group consisting of: clay, calcium carbonate, mica, silica, talc, titanium dioxide, and any combination thereof.

[0048] In some embodiments, the solvent comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of: an aliphatic solvent, an aromatic solvent, an alcohol, a ketone, a hydrocarbon, an ester, a petroleum distillate, and any combination thereof.

[0049] In some embodiments, the filler comprises a filler selected from the group consisting of: diatomaceous earth, talc, lime, barite, clay, and any combination thereof.

[0050] Therefore, the present embodiments are well-adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, and may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered, combined, or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. The embodiments illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element that is not specifically disclosed herein and/or any optional element disclosed herein. While compositions and methods are described in terms of "comprising," "containing," or "including" various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also "consist essentially of or "consist of the various components and steps. All numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by some amount. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, every range of values (of the form, "from about a to about b," or, equivalently, "from approximately a to b," or, equivalently, "from approximately a-b") disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every number and range encompassed within the broader range of values. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. Moreover, the indefinite articles "a" or "an," as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the element that it introduces. If there is any conflict in the usages of a word or term in this specification and one or more patent or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions that are consistent with this specification should be adopted .

[0051] This Application is a divisional of the present Applicant’s Australian Patent Application No. 2013219796, and the whole contents thereof are included herein by reference.

[0052] Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

[0053] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.

Claims

CLAIMS :-

1. A subterranean treatment fluid comprising: a base fluid; a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral-density particle that reduces the first average settling velocity to a second average settling velocity, wherein the neutral-density particle is selected from the group consisting of: a polyamide, polyacronitrile, polyvinyl acetate, a polymethylpentene, a natural rubber, a butyl rubber, a polycarbonate, a buckyball, a nanoclay, exfoliated graphite, and any combination thereof.
2. The subterranean treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the base fluid is selected from the group consisting of: an oil-based fluid, an aqueous-based fluid, an aqueous miscible fluid, a water-in-oil emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, and any combination thereof.
3. The subterranean treatment fluid of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weighting agent is selected from the group consisting of: barite, hermatite, calcium carbonate, siderite, ilmenite, and any combination thereof.
4. The subterranean treatment fluid of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weighting agent has a particle size of about 5 pm to about 75 pm.
5. The subterranean treatment fluid of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weighting agent has a specific gravity of at least about 2.5 g/cm .
6. The subterranean treatment fluid of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the neutral density particle has a diameter of about 1 nm to about 100 pm.
7. The subterranean treatment fluid of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the neutral density particle is spherical, elongated, oblong, honeycombed, or fibrous.
8. The subterranean treatment fluid of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the neutral-density particle has a density ranging from about density of the weighting agent to about density of the base fluid.
9. The subterranean treatment fluid of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the neutral-density particle has a concentration of about 0.1% or greater by volume.