AU2014271290A1 - Androgen receptor modulators and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Androgen Receptor Modulators and Uses Thereof Abstract Described herein are compounds that are androgen receptor modulators. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include the compounds described herein, as well as methods of using such androgen receptor modulators, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that are mediated or dependent upon androgen receptors.

Description

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S provisional patent application no. 61/305,082 entitled "ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF" filed on 5 February 16, 2010; U.S provisional patent application no. 61/329,023 entitled "ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF" filed on April 28, 2010; and U.S provisional patent application no. 61/388,457 entitled "ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF" filed on September 30, 2010; all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. 10 FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] Described herein are compounds, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, metabolites, prodrugs thereof, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat, prevent or diagnose diseases or conditions that are androgen receptor dependent or androgen 15 receptor mediated. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] The androgen receptor ("AR") is a ligand-activated transcriptional regulatory protein that mediates induction of a variety of biological effects through its interaction with with endogenous androgens. Endogenous androgens include steroids such as testosterone and 20 dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5 alpha reductase in many tissues. [0004] The actions of androgens with androgen receptors have been implicated in a number of diseases or conditions, such as androgen dependent cancers, virilization in women, and acne, among others. Compounds that diminish the effects of androgens with androgen receptors 25 and/or lower the the concentrations of androgen receptors find use in the treatment of diseases or conditions in which androgen receptors play a role. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] In one aspect, presented herein are compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) that diminish the effects of androgens with 30 androgen receptors and/or lower the the concentrations of androgen receptors, and therefore, are useful as agents for the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions in which androgen receptors play a role, such as diseases or conditions in which androgen receptors participate, are - 1 involved in the etiology or pathology of the disease or condition, or contribute to at least one symptom of the disease or condition. [0006] In one aspect, compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are useful for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia, 5 hirsutism, acne, adenomas and neoplasies of the prostate, benign or malignant tumor cells containing the androgen receptor, hyperpilosity, seborrhea, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgenic alopecia, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, suppression of spermatogenesis, libido, cachexia, anorexia, androgen supplementation for age related decreased testosterone levels, prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, hot flashes, and 10 Kennedy's disease muscle atrophy and weakness, skin atrophy, bone loss, anemia, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, loss of energy, loss of well-being, type 2 diabetes and abdominal fat accumulation. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), 15 (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) are used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is used in the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer. [0007] In one aspect, described herein are compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X), pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, 20 metabolites and prodrugs thereof In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are androgen receptor modulators. In some embodiments, the compoud of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is an androgen receptor antagonist, an androgen receptor inverse agonist, an androgen receptor degrader, an androgen receptor trafficking 25 modulator and/or an androgen receptor DNA-binding inhibitor. In some embodiments, the compoud of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is an androgen receptor antagonist. In some embodiments, the compoud of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX) or (X) is an androgen receptor inverse agonist. In some embodiments, the compoud of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), 30 (IX), (IXa) or (X) is an androgen receptor degrader. In some embodiments, the compoud of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is an androgen receptor trafficking modulator. In some embodiments, the compoud of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is an androgen receptor DNA-binding inhibitor. -2- [0008] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: (RAlm

R

2

R

2

(R

4 )% RN RB R ' R 5

R

3 R1 R1 Formula (I) 5 wherein, ring A is monocyclic heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl; m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , 10 CO 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted 15 monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 20 substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl; each R 2 is H; or both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=0)-; each R 3 is H; or both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to 25 form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; provided that each R 2 is not H if each R 3 is H; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , 30 C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR 11

C(=O)N(R

9

)

2 , NR C(=O)Rl 0 , -NRC(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, -3 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 ofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted 5 C 2 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterofluoroalkyl, or -L-L 2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; 10 L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ,

-OC(=O)N(R

9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=O)OR 0 , substituted 15 or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted 20 naphthyl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1

C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or 25 unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl),

-C

1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which 30 they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

1 0 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 35 heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1 -4-

C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C ioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R" is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. 5 [0009] For any and all of the embodiments, substituents are selected from among from a subset of the listed alternatives. For example, in some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or 10 cyclcohexyl. In some embodiments, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, and C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -CH 3 and -CF 3 . [0010] In some embodiments, both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)-; both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached 15 to form-C(=O)-. [0011] In some embodiments, ring A is C-linked monocyclic heteroaryl, C-linked bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl. [0012] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl; both R 2 are taken together 20 with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)-; both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form-C(=O)-; ring A is N-containing monocyclic heteroaryl, or N-containing bicyclic heteroaryl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or 25 unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [0013] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; ring A is N 30 containing monocyclic heteroaryl selected from pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, and tetrazolyl. [0014] In some embodiments, ring A is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, ring A is pyridinyl. -5- RA (RA)m RA N RA RA RA AR RA RA RA A A [0015] In some embodiments, is RA RA N_ , RA RAR A A A A RA R AN R N RA N RA Am RA N RA Nl 0 RAAR A A A R N . In some embodiments, is RA [0016] In some embodiments, ring A is pyridinyl; each RA is independently selected from H, 5 halogen, -CN, -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [0017] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they 10 are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; ring A is N containing bicyclic heteroaryl selected from quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, purinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, azaindolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyrimidinyl, 15 triazolopyridazinyl, thiazolopyridinyl, pyridothienyl, pyrimidiothienyl and pyrrolopyrimidinyl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 20 heteroaryl. [0018] In some embodiments, ring A is N-containing bicyclic heteroaryl selected from quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, and pyrrolopyrimidinyl. [0019] In some embodiments, ring A is [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl. 25 [0020] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -6-

C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl; R 5 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 ofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 5 Cioheterofluoroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, C(=O)NH-, -NHC(=O)-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 10 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [0021] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 15 C 4 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

4 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 4 alkoxy; R 5 is substituted or unsubstituted

C

2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterofluoroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, 20 -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or 25 unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [0022] In some embodiments, L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 30 monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [0023] In some embodiments, R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or 35 substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. -7- [0024] In some embodiments, L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , or -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkyl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene 5 (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl; R 10 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene 10 (substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C1-C 4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl). [0025] In some embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or N-oxide thereof: (RA)m X (R N R 5 15 R1 R Formula (Ia) wherein, ring A is monocyclic heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl; m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; 20 each RA is independently H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rn 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, or Ci

C

6 heteroalkyl; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 25 substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, and C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; X is S or 0; 30 ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; -8 each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NRuC(=O)OR 0 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, Ci 5 C 6 alkoxy, and Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-; 10 L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ,

-OC(=O)N(R

9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , Ci

C

6 alkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 15 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl;

R

7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or 20 unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl), 25 Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl), -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), and -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 30 C 6 heterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 35 C 6 cycloalkyl), -Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -9-

C

6 heterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), or -C1

C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl); R" is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [0026] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they 5 are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl; X is S; ring A is N containing monocyclic heteroaryl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, NO 2 , -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , C1-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, and Ci-C 6 alkoxy; ring B is phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl. 10 [0027] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; ring A is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyrazinyl. [0028] In some embodiments, ring A is pyridinyl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , C 1

-C

6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, 15 C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1

-C

6 alkoxy. [0029] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl; R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, -NHC(=O)-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is C 1 C 6 alkylene, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 ,

-SR

9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , 20 substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [0030] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and Ci-C 4 alkoxy; 25 R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is C1-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or

C

1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted

C

2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. 30 [0031] In some embodiments, L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. - 10 - [0032] In some embodiments, R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [0033] In some embodiments, L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 5 C 6 heterocycloalkyl. [0034] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and Ci-C 4 alkoxy;

R

5 is -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, -NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, 10 or -S(=0) 2 NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; [0035] In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. 15 [0036] In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [0037] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) or Formula (Ia) has the structure of Formula (II): (RA9m A S 20 Formula (II). [0038] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (Ia) has the structure of Formula (II): (RA9m A S NkN \ >R5 Formula (II) wherein, - 11 - (R A) A is (RNA -) (R N A - RA - ," Or(A isN )ny 7 orrnK ; m is 2; one RA is -CN, -NO 2 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , or C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ; and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, 5 Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy; n is 0 or 1; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci

C

6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, and C1-C 6 alkoxy;

R

5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; 10 L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-;

L

2 is C 1

-C

6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene;

R

6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 15 heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;

R

7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. (R A)m AA N [0039] In some embodiments, is (RQ)m ; one RA is -CN and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci-C 4 alkoxy; each R 4 is 20 independently selected from H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and C1-C 4 alkoxy; R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is C 1 C 6 alkylene, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 25 monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [0040] In some embodiments, described herein is a a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: - 12 - (RAm R 2 (R IN B R 3NQ R 5

R

3 1 R 1 Formula (I) wherein, ring A is bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl; 5 m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 10 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , CO 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, 10 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 15 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C1

C

6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl; 20 each R 2 is H; or both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=0)-; each R 3 is H; or both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; provided that each R 2 is not H if each R 3 is H; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; 25 n is 0, 1, or 2; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , NR C(=O)Rl 0 , -NRC(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted 30 or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl; - 13 -

R

5 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(R")S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -OC(=O)R 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR"C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR"C(=O)R 0 , -NR" C(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or 5 unsubstituted C1-Ciofluoroalkoxy, C1-Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 1 oheteroalkyl, or -L'-L2-R6 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-; 10 L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=0)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted 15 or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted 20 naphthyl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted 25 or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which 30 they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted 35 or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 - 14 -

C

1 oheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R" is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [0041] In some embodiments, ring A is selected from quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, 5 quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, purinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, azaindolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, thiazolopyridinyl, pyridothienyl, pyrimidiothienyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl and naphthyl. 10 [0042] In some embodiments, ring A is selected from quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, and napthyl. [0043] In some embodiments, ring A is [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl. [0044] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (I), or a 15 pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: (RAlm

R

2

R

2

(R

4 )% RN R5 R _ R 5

R

3 R1 R1 Formula (I) wherein, ring A is a 5-membered heteroaryl; 20 m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , CO 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 4 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, 25 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 30 substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkyl; - 15 or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl; each R 2 is H; or both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to 5 form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; each R 3 is H; or both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; provided that each R 2 is not H if each R 3 is H; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2; 10 each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , NR C(=O)Rl 0 , -NRuC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, 15 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or 20 unsubstituted Ci-Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, or -L-L 2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, 25 NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , 30 -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic - 16 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 5 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or 10 unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 15 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); 20 Rn is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [0045] In some embodiments, ring A is selected from pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, and tetrazolyl. (R A) A [0046] In some embodiments, is selected from: A A A A R N AN R N R AlR /C / / j/ RA RA 25 RA, . and RA; where X is 0, S, or NRA. In some embodiments, X is 0. In some embodiments, X is S. In some embodiments, X is NRA. [0047] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl; both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which - 17 they are attached to form -C(=S)-; both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form-C(=O)-. [0048] In some embodiments, the compound described herein has the structure of Formula (III): A (R N - NR 5 0 5 P Formula (III) wherein, p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. [0049] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , 10 OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [0050] In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , 15 OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy;

R

5 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 20 Cioheterofluoroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, C(=O)NH-, -NHC(=O)-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 25 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [0051] In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, 30 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy; - 18 -

R

5 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR"C(=O)R 0 , -NR"C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C1-Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or 5 unsubstituted C1-Cioheteroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=0)NH-; L 2 is C 1 C 6 alkylene, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 1 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or 10 unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [0052] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: RA x 3 X1 (Rk x3 /X"1 O N -R 5 R 1 R1 Formula (IV) 15 wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 20 substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl;

X

1 is CRA or N;

X

2 is CRA or N;

X

3 is CRA or N; provided that at least two ofX 1 , X 2 , and X 3 is CRA; 25 each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 1 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)R 1 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 30 C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or - 19 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2; 5 R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , 10 -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or 15 unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, 20 OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , 25 C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; 30 each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1 35 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -Ci-C 4 alkylene -20- (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl; 5 R 1 0 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene 10 (substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); Rn is H or C 1

-C

4 alkyl. RA N/ N NN 3 1% RA N (R9 N (R9 N [0053] In some embodiments, x is (R N , N (RA Nm N 15 or m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. RA RA RA N RA RA RA X RA RA X3>.X RA ~ j A A [0054] In some embodiments, is RA R N , RA RA A RA RA N RA RA R AN R A N RA AlRA A RA A A R N , RA R A R N ,or RA A RA R N [0055] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (IV) has the structure of Formula (V): A R RN RA AK R A 0 4

;

6 N B R 5 20 R 1 R -21- Formula (V). [0056] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, 5 CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 10 substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 15 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl. [0057] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or 20 unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkoxy. [0058] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (IV) or (V) has the structure of Formula (VI): A4 R N 0 R1

R

5 Formula (VI). 25 [0059] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (IV) or (V) has the structure of Formula (VI): A4 R N RA -N ~ R

R

5 - 22 - Formula (VI) wherein, one RA is -CN, -NO 2 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , or C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ; and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, 5 C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently Ci-C 4 alkyl;

R

4 is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci 10 C 4 alkoxy. [0060] In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; Ll is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is

C

1

-C

6 alkylene, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 15 monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [0061] In some embodiments, one RA is -CN, -NO 2 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 20 C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=0)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , substituted 25 or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; Ll is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is 30 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [0062] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (VII), or a 35 pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: -23 - R _N A NI S (R) RAK ~ RA WN B R R1 R1 Formula (VII) wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 5 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl; 10 each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 15 C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; ring B is 5-membered heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl or naphthyl; n is 0, 1, or 2; 20 R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy;

R

5 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , 25 N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NR 1 1 C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 30 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 - 24 - L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci 5 C 6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene;

R

6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 ,

-N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 10 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 15 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C1

C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or 20 unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or 25 unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted 30 aryl), or -Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [0063] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (VIII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: -25- NC IN R A I x ( R A" NA B NRR Formula (VIII) wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 5 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; 10 X is O or S; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 10 , -N(R 11 )S(=0) 2 R 10 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, 15 substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2;

R

4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , substituted or 20 unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , 25 C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 30 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 -26- L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci 5 C 6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 10 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 15 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C1

C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or 20 unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or 25 unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted 30 aryl), or -Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [0064] In some embodiments, X is S; ring B is phenyl; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or C1-C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , SR 9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , 35 substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, -27substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, 5 S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, 10 substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl. [0065] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, and Ci

C

6 alkoxy. [0066] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (VIIIa), or a 15 pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or N-oxide thereof: NC N X (R RA O N RK R1 RR Formula (VIIIa) wherein, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 20 substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently H, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, or C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl; X is O or S; 25 RA is C 1

-C

6 alkyl; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2;

R

4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , C 1

-C

6 alkyl, C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, C1-C 6 alkoxy, or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl; 30 R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rn)S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -28-

C(=O)N(R

9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR" C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=0)OR 0 , Ci-Cioalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkoxy, Ci-Cioalkoxy,

C

1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 5 substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-;

L

2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; 10 R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 15 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a 20 substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which 25 they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

1 0 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 30 Ciocycloalkyl), -Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [0067] In some embodiments, X is S; ring B is phenyl; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, 35 Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -29-

SR

9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , Ci Cioalkyl, C 1 -Ciofluoroalkyl, C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -Ll 5 L 2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is

C

1

-C

6 alkylene, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or 10 unsubstituted aryl. [0068] In some embodiments, RA is Ci-C 6 alkyl; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently Ci

C

4 alkyl. [0069] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (VIII) has the structure of Formula 15 (IX): NC N RAR R A N / R 5 R Formula (IX). [0070] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -OH, Ci

C

6 alkyl, and C1-C 6 alkoxy. 20 [0071] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (VIII) or Formula (VIIIa) has the structure of Formula (IXa): NC N RA)UNK I N R 5 Ri Formula (IXa). [0072] In some embodiments, each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci 25 C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; or two R9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are - 30 attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl; R 10 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci

C

6 heteroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. 5 [0073] In some embodiments, R 5 is halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)NH(R 9 ), Ci-Cioalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci

C

1 ofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, 10 -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -CO 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [0074] In some embodiments, RA is -CH 3 ; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to 15 which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or each

R

1 is -CH 3 ; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)NH(R 9 ), Ci-Cioalkyl, C1-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci

C

1 ofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 20 substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [0075] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (X), or a 25 pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: RA

F

3 C N R RR 5 RR F Formula (X) wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H and -CH 3 ; 30 or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl; X is O or S; -31 -

X

1 is CH or N; RA is -CN or -C(=O)NH 2 ;

R

5 is -CO 2 H, or -C(=O)NH 2 . [0076] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (X), or a 5 pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: RA X

F

3 C N N /R 5 R1R F Formula (X) wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H and -CH 3 ; 10 or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl; X is 0;

X

1 is CH or N; RA is -CN or -C(=O)NH 2 ; 15 R 5 is -CO 2 H, -C(=O)NH 2 or -C(=O)NH(CH 3 ). [0077] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (X), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: RA

F

3 C N N /R 5 R1R F Formula (X) 20 wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H and -CH 3 ; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl; X is 0 or S; 25 X 1 is CH or N; RA is -C(=O)NH 2 ;

R

5 is -CO 2 H, -C(=O)NH 2 or -C(=O)NH(CH 3 ). [0078] Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof can be chosen by one skilled in the field to provide stable moieties and compounds. - 32 - [0079] Compounds disclosed herein are selective androgen receptor modulators. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein have high specificity for the androgen receptor and have desirable, tissue-selective pharmacological activities. Desirable, tissue-selective pharmacological activities include, but are not limited to, AR antagonist activity in prostate 5 cells and no AR antagonist activity in non-prostrate cells. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are antiandrogens that display negligible or no AR agonist activity. [0080] In some embodiments, presented herein are compounds selected from active metabolites, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), 10 (IX), (IXa) or (X). [0081] In some embodiments, provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X). In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition also contains at least one pharmaceutically acceptable inactive ingredient. In some 15 embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, oral administration, or topical administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a tablet, a pill, a capsule, a liquid, a suspension, a gel, a colloid, a dispersion, a suspension, a solution, an emulsion, an ointment, or a lotion. [0082] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more 20 additional therapeutically active agents selected from: corticosteroids, anti-emetic agents, analgesics, anti-cancer agents, anti-inflammatories, kinase inhibitors, HSP90 inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. [0083] In some embodiments, provided is a method comprising administering a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) to a human 25 with a diseases or condition that is androgen receptor meditated or androgen receptor dependent. In some embodiments, the human is already being administered one or more additional therapeutically active agents other than a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X). In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering one or more additional therapeutically active agents other than 30 a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X). [0084] In some embodiments, the one or more additional therapeutically active agents other than a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) are selected from: corticosteroids, anti-emetic agents, analgesics, anti-cancer - 33 agents, anti-inflammatories, kinase inhibitors, HSP90 inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. [0085] In some embodiments, described herein is a method of treating an androgen receptor dependent or androgen receptor mediated disease or condition in mammal comprising 5 administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or N-oxide thereof. In some embodiments, the adrogen receptor dependent or androgen receptor mediated disease or condition is benign prostate hyperplasia, hirsutism, acne, adenomas and neoplasies of the prostate, benign or malignant tumor cells 10 containing the androgen receptor, hyperpilosity, seborrhea, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgenic alopecia, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, suppression of spermatogenesis, libido, cachexia, anorexia, androgen supplementation for age related decreased testosterone levels, prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, hot flashes, and Kennedy's disease muscle atrophy and weakness, skin atrophy, bone loss, anemia, 15 arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, loss of energy, loss of well-being, type 2 diabetes or abdominal fat accumulation. [0086] In some embodiments, described herein is a method of treating cancer in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a thereapuetically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), or a 20 pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or N-oxide thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer is a hormone dependent cancer. In some embodiments, the hormone dependent cancer is an androgen receptor dependent cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is hormone refractory prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the method of treating cancer further comprises administering to the mammal at least one additional 25 anti-cancer agent. [0087] In some embodiments, described herein is a method of treating cancer in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a thereapuetically effective amount of a compound, wherein the compound is: an androgen receptor inverse agonist; androgen receptor antagonist; androgen receptor degrader; androgen receptor trafficking modulator; androgen receptor 30 degrader; androgen receptor DNA-binding inhibitor; or combinations thereof In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is hormone refractory prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or N-oxide thereof. - 34 - [0088] Pharmaceutical formulations described herein are administerable to a subject in a variety of ways by multiple administration routes, including but not limited to, oral, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular), buccal, topical or transdermal administration routes. The pharmaceutical formulations described herein include, but are not limited to, 5 aqueous liquid dispersions, self-emulsifying dispersions, solid solutions, liposomal dispersions, solid dosage forms, powders, immediate release formulations, controlled release formulations, fast melt formulations, tablets, capsules, pills, delayed release formulations, extended release formulations, pulsatile release formulations, multiparticulate formulations, and mixed immediate and controlled release formulations. 10 [0089] In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are administered orally. [0090] In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are administered topically. In such embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or 15 (X) is formulated into a variety of topically administrable compositions, such as solutions, suspensions, lotions, gels, pastes, shampoos, scrubs, rubs, smears, medicated sticks, medicated bandages, balms, creams or ointments. Such pharmaceutical compounds can contain solubilizers, stabilizers, tonicity enhancing agents, buffers and preservatives. In one aspect, the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and 20 (X) are administered topically to the skin. [0091] In another aspect is the use of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease, disorder or conditions in which the activity of androgen receptors contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms of the disease or condition. In one aspect, the disease or condition 25 is any of the diseases or conditions specified herein. [0092] In any of the aforementioned aspects are further embodiments in which: (a) the effective amount of the compound of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (IX) or (X) is systemically administered to the mammal; and/or (b) the effective amount of the compound is administered orally to the mammal; and/or (c) the effective amount of the compound is 30 intravenously administered to the mammal; and/or (d) the effective amount of the compound is administered by injection to the mammal; and/or (e) the effective amount of the compound is administered topically to the mammal; and/or (f) the effective amount is adminstered non systemically or locally to the mammal. [0093] In any of the aforementioned aspects are further embodiments comprising single 35 administrations of the effective amount of the compound, including further embodiments in - 35 which (i) the compound is administered once; (ii) the compound is administered to the mammal multiple times over the span of one day; (iii) continually; or (iv) continuously. [0094] In any of the aforementioned aspects are further embodiments comprising multiple administrations of the effective amount of the compound, including further embodiments in 5 which (i) the compound is administered continuously or intermittently: as in a a single dose; (ii) the time between multiple administrations is every 6 hours; (iii) the compound is administered to the mammal every 8 hours; (iv) the compound is administered to the mammal every 12 hours; (v) the compound is administered to the mammal every 24 hours. In further or alternative embodiments, the method comprises a drug holiday, wherein the administration of the 10 compound is temporarily suspended or the dose of the compound being administered is temporarily reduced; at the end of the drug holiday, dosing of the compound is resumed. In one embodiment, the length of the drug holiday varies from 2 days to 1 year. [0095] Also provided is a method of reducing AR activation in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal at least one compound having the structure of Formula (I), (Ia), 15 (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X). In some embodiments, the method comprises reducing AR activation in prostate cells in the mammal. In some embodiments, the method comprises reducing AR activation in prostate cells in the mammal and not in non-prostrate cells. In some embodiments, the method of reducing AR activation comprises reducing the binding of androgens to the androgen receptor. In some embodiments, 20 the method of reducing AR activation comprises reducing AR concentrations. [0096] In some cases disclosed herein is the use of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases or conditions that are androgen receptor dependent or androgen receptor mediated. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is prostrate cancer. In some 25 embodiments, the androgen receptor dependent or androgen receptor mediated disease or condition is described herein. [0097] In some cases disclosed herein is the use of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions that are androgen receptor dependent or androgen receptor mediated. In 30 some embodiments, the androgen receptor dependent or androgen receptor mediated disease or condition is described herein. [0098] In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the mammal is a human. [0099] In some embodiments, compounds provided herein are administered to a human. [00100] In some embodiments, compounds provided herein are orally administered. - 36 - [00101] In some embodiments, compounds provided herein are used to diminish, reduce, or eliminate the activity of androgen receptors. [00102] Articles of manufacture, which include packaging material, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) within the packaging 5 material, and a label that indicates that the compound or composition, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable N-oxide, pharmaceutically active metabolite, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug, or pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, is used for reducing, diminishing or eliminating the effects of androgen receptors, or for the treatment, prevention or amelioration of one or more symptoms of a disease or condition 10 that would benefit from a reduction or elimination of androgen receptor activity, are provided. [00103] Other objects, features and advantages of the compounds, methods and compositions described herein will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating specific embodiments, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and 15 modifications within the spirit and scope of the instant disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [00104] Androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid and nuclear receptor superfamily. 20 Among this large family of proteins, only five vertebrate steroid receptors are known and include the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and mineralocorticoid receptor. AR is a soluble protein that functions as an intracellular transcriptional factor. AR function is regulated by the binding of androgens, which initiates sequential conformational changes of the receptor that affect receptor-protein interactions and 25 receptor-DNA interactions. [00105] AR is mainly expressed in androgen target tissues, such as the prostate, skeletal muscle, liver, and central nervous system (CNS), with the highest expression level observed in the prostate, adrenal gland, and epididymis. AR can be activated by the binding of endogenous androgens, including testosterone and 5a-dihydrotestosterone (5a-DHT). 30 [00106] The androgen receptor (AR), located on Xq1 1-12, is a 110 kD nuclear receptor that, upon activation by androgens, mediates transcription of target genes that modulate growth and differentiation of prostate epithelial cells. Similar to the other steroid receptors, unbound AR is mainly located in the cytoplasm and associated with a complex of heat shock proteins (HSPs) through interactions with the ligand-binding domain. Upon agonist binding, AR goes through a 35 series of conformational changes: the heat shock proteins dissociate from AR, and the - 37 transformed AR undergoes dimerization, phosphorylation, and translocation to the nucleus, which is mediated by the nuclear localization signal. Translocated receptor then binds to the androgen response element (ARE), which is characterized by the six-nucleotide half-site consensus sequence 5'-TGTTCT-3' spaced by three random nucleotides and is located in the 5 promoter or enhancer region of AR gene targets. Recruitment of other transcription co regulators (including co-activators and co-repressors) and transcriptional machinery further ensures the transactivation of AR-regulated gene expression. All of these processes are initiated by the ligand-induced conformational changes in the ligand-binding domain. [00107] AR signaling is crucial for the development and maintenance of male reproductive 10 organs including the prostate gland, as genetic males harboring loss of function AR mutations and mice engineered with AR defects do not develop prostates or prostate cancer. This dependence of prostate cells on AR signaling continues even upon neoplastic transformation. Androgen depletion (now using GnRH agonists) continues to be the mainstay of prostate cancer treatment. However androgen depletion is usually effective for a limited duration and prostate 15 cancer evolves to regain the ability to grow despite low levels of circulating androgens. Treatment options for castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are an unmet need with docetaxel being the only agent that has been shown to prolong survival. Interestingly, while a small minority of CRPC does bypass the requirement for AR signaling, the vast majority of CRPC, though frequently termed "androgen independent prostate cancer" or "hormone 20 refractory prostate cancer," retains its lineage dependence on AR signaling. [00108] Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the US, and approximately one in every six American men will be diagnosed with the disease during his lifetime. Treatment aimed at eradicating the tumor is unsuccessful in 30% of men, who develop recurrent disease that is usually manifest first as a rise in plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 25 followed by spread to distant sites. Given that prostate cancer cells depend on androgen receptor (AR) for their proliferation and survival, these men are treated with agents that block production of testosterone (e.g. GnRH agonists), alone or in combination with anti-androgens (e.g. bicalutamide), which antagonize the effect of any residual testosterone. The approach is effective as evidenced by a drop in PSA and regression of visible tumor (if present); however, 30 this is followed by regrowth as a "castration resistant" prostate cancer (CRPC) to which most patients eventually succumb. Recent studies on the molecular basis of CRPC have demonstrated that CRPC continues to depend on AR signaling and that a key mechanism of acquired resistance is an elevated level of AR protein (Nat. Med, 2004, 10, 33-39). AR targeting agents with activity in hormone sensitive and castration resistant resistant prostate cancer have great 35 promise in treating this lethal disease. - 38 - [00109] Anti-androgens are useful for the treatment of prostate cancer during its early stages. However, prostate cancer often advances to a hormone-refractory state in which the disease progresses in the presence of continued androgen ablation or anti-androgen therapy. Instances of antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome have also been reported after prolonged treatment with 5 anti-androgens. Antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome is commonly observed clinically and is defined in terms of the tumor regression or symptomatic relief observed upon cessation of antiandrogen therapy. AR mutations that result in receptor promiscuity and the ability of these anti-androgens to exhibit agonist activity might at least partially account for this phenomenon. For example, hydroxyflutamide and bicalutamide act as AR agonists in T877A and 10 W741L/W741C AR mutants, respectively. [00110] In the setting of prostate cancer cells that were rendered "castration resistant" via overexpression of AR, it has been demonstrated that certain anti-androgen compounds, such as bicalutamide, have no antagonist activity, but instead have modest agonist activity (Science, 2009 May 8;324(5928): 787-90). This agonist activity helps to explain a clinical observation, 15 called the anti-androgen withdrawal syndrome, whereby about 30% of men who progress on AR antagonists experience a decrease in serum PSA when therapy is discontinued (J Clin Oncol, 1993. 11(8): p. 1566-72). [00111] Given the central role of AR in prostate cancer development and progression, compounds disclosed herein are useful in the treatment of prostrate cancer, either alone or in 20 combination with other agent agents that can modulate other critical pathways in prostate cancer, including but not limited to those that target IGF1R, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, HSP90, or histone deacetylases. [00112] AR-related diseases or conditions include, but are not limited to, benign prostate hyperplasia, hirsutism, acne, adenomas and neoplasies of the prostate, benign or malignant 25 tumor cells containing the androgen receptor, hyperpilosity, seborrhea, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgenic alopecia, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, suppression of spermatogenesis, libido, cachexia, anorexia, androgen supplementation for age related decreased testosterone levels, prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, hot flashes, and Kennedy's disease muscle atrophy and weakness, skin atrophy, bone loss, 30 anemia, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, loss of energy, loss of well-being, type 2 diabetes and abdominal fat accumulation. [00113] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein inhibit AR nuclear translocation, DNA binding to androgen response elements, and coactivator recruitment. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein exhibit no agonist activity in AR-overexpressing 35 prostate cancer cells. - 39 - [00114] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are used to treat prostrate cancer in a mammal, wherein the mammal is chemotherapy-nave. [00115] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are used to treat prostrate cancer in a mammal, wherein the mammal is being treated for prostrate cancer with at least one anti 5 cancer agent. In one embodiment, the prostrate cancer is hormone refractory prostate cancer. In one embodiment, the prostrate cancer is bicalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Compounds [00116] Compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X), including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically 10 acceptable solvates thereof, are androgen receptor modulators, such as, for example, AR inverse agonists, AR antagonists, AR degraders, AR trafficking modulators and/or AR DNA-binding inhibitors, and are useful in the treatment of androgen receptor-dependent or androgen receptor -mediated conditions or diseases of diseases or conditions. [00117] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically 15 acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: (RAlm

R

2

R

2

(R

4 )% RN RB R _ R 5

R

3 R1 R1 Formula (I) wherein, ring A is monocyclic heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl; 20 m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(R 11 )S(=0) 2

R

1 0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)R 1 0 , CO 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, 25 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 30 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkyl; -40or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl; each R 2 is H; or both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to 5 form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; each R 3 is H; or both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; provided that each R 2 is not H if each R 3 is H; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; 10 each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , NR C(=O)Rl 0 , -NRuC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, 15 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 ofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted

C

2 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or 20 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterofluoroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 25 C 6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=0)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, 30 substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl; -41each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or 5 unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl),

-C

1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which 10 they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 15 heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C ioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); Rn is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. 20 [00118] For any and all of the embodiments, substituents are selected from among from a subset of the listed alternatives. For example, in some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together 25 with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclcohexyl. In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to 30 which they are attached to form a cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, and Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -CH 3 and -CF 3 . In some embodiments, each R 1 is -CH 3 . In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to 35 which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl or each R 1 is -CH 3 . - 42 - [00119] In some embodiments, both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form-C(=O)-. In some embodiments, both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)-; both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which 5 they are attached to form-C(=O)-. [00120] In some embodiments, ring A is C-linked monocyclic heteroaryl, C-linked bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl. In some embodiments, ring A is C-linked monocyclic heteroaryl. In some embodiments, ring A is C-linked monocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, ring A is C-linked monocyclic 6-membered heteroaryl. In some 10 embodiments, ring A is an N-containing heteroaryl. [00121] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl; both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)-; both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form-C(=O)-; ring A is N-containing monocyclic 15 heteroaryl, or N-containing bicyclic heteroaryl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rn)S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted 20 monocyclic heteroaryl. [00122] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; ring A is N containing monocyclic heteroaryl selected from pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 25 isothiazolyl, triazolyl, and tetrazolyl. [00123] In some embodiments, ring A is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyrazinyl. In some embodiments, ring A is pyridinyl. -43 - RA (RA)m RA N RA RA RA AR RA RA RA A A [00124] In some embodiments, is RA RA N_ , RA RAR A A A A RA RAA NRR A R RRA A RA ,R N ,or RA (Alm RA N RA Nl 0 RAAR A A A R N . In some embodiments, is RA [00125] In some embodiments, ring A is monosubstituted with RA. In some embodiments, ring 5 A is disubstituted with RA. In some embodiments, ring A is trisubstituted with RA. In some embodiments, ring A is substituted with -CN and at least one additional RA. In some embodiments, ring A is substituted with -CN and zero, one or two additional RA. In some embodiments, ring A is substituted with -CN and one or two additional RA. In some embodiments, ring A is substituted with -CN and one additional RA. 10 [00126] In some embodiments, ring A is pyridinyl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. 15 [00127] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; ring A is N containing bicyclic heteroaryl selected from quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, purinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, 20 pyridopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, azaindolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, thiazolopyridinyl, pyridothienyl, pyrimidiothienyl and pyrrolopyrimidinyl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 25 C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. - 44 - [00128] In some embodiments, ring A is N-containing bicyclic heteroaryl selected from quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, and pyrrolopyrimidinyl. [00129] In some embodiments, ring A is [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl. 5 [00130] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl; R 5 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 10 C 1 ofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C iofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C ioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterofluoroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, C(=O)NH-, -NHC(=O)-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 15 C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. 20 [00131] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

4 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 4 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1

C

4 fluoroalkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

4 alkoxy; R 5 is substituted or unsubstituted

C

2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 25 Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterofluoroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=0)NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , 30 substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [00132] In some embodiments, L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, 35 OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -45- Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [00133] In some embodiments, R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 5 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [00134] In some embodiments, L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , or -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ; each R 9 is independently 10 selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkyl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are 15 attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl; R 10 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, -C1-C 4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl). 20 [00135] In some embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or N-oxide thereof: (RA)m X (R 4

R

5 R1 R1 Formula (Ia) wherein, 25 ring A is monocyclic heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl; m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; each RA is independently H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rn 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , C 1

-C

6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, or Ci 30 C 6 heteroalkyl; -46both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, and Ci 5 C 6 fluoroalkyl; X is S or 0; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , 10 S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NRuC(=0)OR 0 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, Ci

C

6 alkoxy, and C1-C 6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; 15 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-;

L

2 is C 1

-C

6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , 20 S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ,

-OC(=O)N(R

9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , C 1 C 6 alkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic 25 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl;

R

7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, 30 substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl), C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl), -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), and -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or 35 unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl); or -47two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; R" is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 5 C 6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl), -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), or -C 1 10 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl); R" is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [00136] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl; X is S; ring A is N containing monocyclic heteroaryl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, 15 NO 2 , -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , C(=0)N(R 9

)

2 , C1-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, and Ci-C 6 alkoxy; ring B is phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl. [00137] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; ring A is pyridinyl, 20 pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyrazinyl. [00138] In some embodiments, ring A is pyridinyl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , C 1

-C

6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl,

C

1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1

-C

6 alkoxy. [00139] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -OH, 25 S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , C 1

-C

6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1

-C

6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, CN, -OH, -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and Ci-C 4 alkoxy. In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, F, Cl, -CN, -OH, -C(=O)NH 2 ,

-CH

3 , -CH 2

H

3 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -OCH 3 , -CH 2

CH

3 . 30 [00140] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl; R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, -NHC(=O)-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is C 1 C 6 alkylene, C1-C 6 fluoroalkylene or C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 ,

-SR

9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -48-

C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [00141] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and Ci-C 4 alkoxy; 5 R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is C1-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or

C

1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted

C

2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. 10 [00142] In some embodiments, L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [00143] In some embodiments, R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or 15 unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [00144] In some embodiments, if R 6 is substituted, then R 6 is substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NH 2 , -NH(CH 3 ), -N(CH 3

)

2 , -OH, -CO 2 H, -C0 2

(C

1 C 4 alkyl), -C(=O)C 1

-C

4 alkyl, -C(=O)NH 2 , -C(=O)NH(C 1

-C

4 alkyl), -C(=O)N(C 1

-C

4 alkyl) 2 , 20 S(=0) 2

NH

2 , -S(=0) 2 NH(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -S(=0) 2

N(C

1

-C

4 alkyl) 2 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl, C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, C 1 C 4 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, C 1

-C

4 fluoroalkoxy, -S-Ci-C 4 alkyl, or -S(=0) 2

C

1 C 4 alkyl. In some embodiments, if R 6 is substituted, then R 6 is substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -OH, -C0 2 (C1-C 4 alkyl), -C(=O)C1-C 4 alkyl, C(=O)NH 2 , -C(=O)NH(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -C(=O)N(C 1

-C

4 alkyl) 2 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl, C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, C 1 25 C 4 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, and C 1

-C

4 fluoroalkoxy. [00145] In some embodiments, L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is Ci

C

6 alkylene; R 6 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, L' is -C(=O)NH-. In some embodiments, R 6 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 30 C 6 heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 6 is a substituted or unsubstituted N-containing C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl. [00146] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and Ci-C 4 alkoxy;

R

5 is -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0)2-, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, 35 -NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, -49or -S(=0) 2 NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [00147] In some embodiments, L 2 is C1-C 6 alkylene. In some embodiments, L 2 is C1-C 4 alkylene. In some embodiments, L 2 is -CH 2 -, -CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2 -, 5 CH 2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2 -, or -CH 2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2 -. In some embodiments, L 2 is -CH 2 -, CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

CH

2 -, or -CH 2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2 -. [00148] In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -OH, Ci

C

4 alkyl, C 1

-C

4 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1

-C

4 alkoxy. [00149] In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-R

7 . 10 [00150] In some embodiments, L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-. In some embodiments, L' is absent. In some embodiments, L' is 0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-. In some embodiments, L' is absent. In some embodiments, L' is -0-. In some embodiments, L' is absent. In some embodiments, L' is -C(=O)NH-. 15 [00151] In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [00152] In some embodiments, if R 7 is substituted, then R 7 is substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NH 2 , -NH(CH 3 ), -N(CH 3

)

2 , -OH, -CO 2 H, -C0 2

(C

1 20 C 4 alkyl), -C(=O)C 1

-C

4 alkyl, -C(=O)NH 2 , -C(=O)NH(C 1

-C

4 alkyl), -C(=0)N(C 1

-C

4 alkyl) 2 , S(=0) 2

NH

2 , -S(=0) 2 NH(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -S(=0) 2

N(C

1

-C

4 alkyl) 2 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl, C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, C 1 C 4 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, C 1

-C

4 fluoroalkoxy, -S-Ci-C 4 alkyl, or -S(=0) 2

C

1 C 4 alkyl. In some embodiments, if R 7 is substituted, then R 7 is substituted with 1 or 2 groups independently selected from halogen, -CN, -OH, -C0 2 (C1-C 4 alkyl), -C(=O)C1-C 4 alkyl, 25 C(=O)NH 2 , -C(=O)NH(Ci-C 4 alkyl), -C(=O)N(C 1

-C

4 alkyl) 2 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl, C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, C 1 C 4 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, and C 1

-C

4 fluoroalkoxy. [00153] In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0)2-, -NH-, C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [00154] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) or Formula (Ia) has the structure of 30 Formula (II): (RA9m A S (R4 A R - 50- Formula (II). [00155] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (Ia) has the structure of Formula (II): (RA9m A S N Formula (II) 5 wherein, (R A) A /R ~~J N RA),. r N N (N. ' Nis(RA - (RA , or (RA), m is 2; one RA is -CN, -NO 2 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , or C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ; and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, 10 Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy; n is 0 or 1; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci

C

6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, and C1-C 6 alkoxy;

R

5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; 15 L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-;

L

2 is C 1

-C

6 alkylene, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene;

R

6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 20 heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;

R

7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. (R A)m AA N [00156] In some embodiments, is (RQ)m ; one RA is -CN and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci-C 4 alkoxy; each R 4 is 25 independently selected from H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and C1-C 4 alkoxy; R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is C 1 -51 -

C

6 alkylene, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted 5 monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [00157] In some embodiments, described herein is a a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: (RAlm

R

2

R

2

(R

4 )% RN RB R _ R 5

R

3 R1 R1 Formula (I) 10 wherein, ring A is bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 10 , -N(R 11 )S(=0) 2 R 10 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , 15 C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted 20 monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 25 substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl; each R 2 is H; or both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=0)-; each R 3 is H; or both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to 30 form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; provided that each R 2 is not H if each R 3 is H; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2; - 52 each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , NR C(=O)Rl 0 , -NRuC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted 5 or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , 10 OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C1-Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 1 oheteroalkyl, or -L'-L2-R6 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, 15 NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , 20 S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=0)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or 25 unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 30 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or 35 unsubstituted heteroaryl); or - 53 two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 5 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); 10 R" is H or C 1

-C

4 alkyl. [00158] In some embodiments, ring A is selected from quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, purinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, azaindolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyrimidinyl, 15 triazolopyridazinyl, thiazolopyridinyl, pyridothienyl, pyrimidiothienyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl and naphthyl. [00159] In some embodiments, ring A is selected from quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, and napthyl. 20 [00160] In some embodiments, ring A is [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazinyl. [00161] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: (RAlm

R

2

R

2

(R

4 )% RN R5 R _ R 5

R

3 R1 R1 Formula (I) 25 wherein, ring A is a 5-membered heteroaryl; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 10 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , 30 CO 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 4 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, - 54 substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 5 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C1

C

6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl; 10 each R 2 is H; or both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; each R 3 is H; or both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)- or -C(=O)-; provided that each R 2 is not H if each R 3 is H; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; 15 n is 0, 1, or 2; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , NR C(=O)Rl 0 , -NRuC(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted 20 or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , 25 OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, or -L-L 2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, 30 NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , 35 S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , - 55 - -OC(=0)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR"C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR"C(=O)R 0 , -NR" C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or 5 unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 10 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or 15 unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 20 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); 25 R" is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [00162] In some embodiments, ring A is selected from pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, and tetrazolyl. (RAm A [00163] In some embodiments, is selected from: - 56 - RA R A XR R A x ~ K x R A Al A / RX -~ iRA /-R A /-R A RA RA) ,C >- I I/ RA ,A N \ N A N ,A N RA x R A x S N N I N )/ / X RAA RA, .'' nA; where X is 0, S, or NRA. In some embodiments, X is 0. In some embodiments, X is S. In some embodiments, X is NRA. [00164] In some embodiments, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they 5 are attached to form a C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl; both R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form -C(=S)-; both R 3 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form-C(=O)-. [00165] In some embodiments, the compound described herein has the structure of Formula (III): A (R N - NR 5 10 P Formula (III) wherein, p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. [00166] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , 15 OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. [00167] In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , 20 OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy;

R

5 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 25 Cioheterofluoroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0)2-, -NH-, -C(=0)-, C(=O)NH-, -NHC(=O)-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci - 57 -

C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5 monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. [00168] In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy; 10 R 5 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR 1 C(=O)Rl 0 , -NR 11 C(=0)OR 10 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-Cioheteroalkyl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; Ll is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is C 1 15 C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. 20 [00169] In some embodiments, the compound described herein has the structure of Formula (III): A (R N _ NR 5 0 P Formula (III) wherein, 25 ring A is monocyclic heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl; m is 1 or 2; each RA is independently H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , C 1

-C

6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, or Ci 30 C 6 heteroalkyl; - 58 ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1 or 2; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , 5 CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

10 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci

C

6 fluoroalkoxy, C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; 10 Ll is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-;

L

2 is C 1

-C

6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(R 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , 15 S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -OC(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

10 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ,

-OC(=O)N(R

9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR 11

C(=O)R

10 , -NR 11 C(=0)OR 10 , C 1 C 6 alkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic 20 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl;

R

7 is substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; 25 each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene 30 (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 35 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or - 59 unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl), -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1 5 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R" is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl; p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. [00170] In some embodiments, R 5 is C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 10 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-;

L

2 is C1-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R 7 is C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic phenyl, or substituted or 15 unsubstituted monocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl. [00171] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: RA x \3 X1 (R( O N R 5 R 1 R1 Formula (IV) 20 wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 25 substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl;

X

1 is CRA or N;

X

2 is CRA or N;

X

3 is CRA or N; provided that at least two ofX 1 , X 2 , and X 3 is CRA; 30 each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 1 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)R 1 0 , - 60 - -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 5 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2;

R

4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , substituted or 10 unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , 15 OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, 20 substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-; 25 L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , 30 NRC(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 35 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 - 61 -

C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C1

C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene 5 (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

1 0 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci 10 C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or 15 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); Rn is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. (RAm RA jVN A X [00172] In some embodiments, is ; where Xl is CRA or N; X 2 is CR or N;

X

3 is CRA or N; provided that at least two ofXl, X 2 and X 3 is CRA. RA N N x %N N N %3 1 (RA) I (RA),. N (RA) 20 [00173] In some embodiments, x is , N ,R (R N 'Ni or (Am ;mis 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. - 62 - RA RA RA N RA RA RA I R A* RA xR 1 RA A RA A [00174] In some embodiments, is RA R RA RA A RA RA A RA RRA A RA ,R N ,or RA A RA R N [00175] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (IV) has the structure of Formula (V): A R N N AK - Si 5 R 1 R Formula (V). [00176] In some embodiments, ring B is phenyl; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, 10 CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 15 substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 20 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl. [00177] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or - 63 unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy. [00178] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (IV) or (V) has the structure of Formula (VI): A N RA N-K N : 5 R R 5 Formula (VI). [00179] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (IV) or (V) has the structure of Formula (VI): A4 R N RA -KN R

R

5 10 Formula (VI) wherein, one RA is -CN, -NO 2 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(0)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , or C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 ; and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl,

C

1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, or C 1

-C

6 alkoxy; 15 both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently Ci-C 4 alkyl;

R

4 is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci

C

4 alkoxy. 20 [00180] In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is C1-C 6 alkylene, C1-C 6 fluoroalkylene or C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -C(=O)R 1 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R 7 is substituted or 25 unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. - 64 - [00181] In some embodiments, one RA is -CN; and the other RA is H, F, Cl, -OH, -CH 3 , -CF 3 , OCF 3 , -OCH 3 or -OCH 2

CH

3 . In some embodiments, one RA is -CN; and the other RA is -CH 3 , or -CF 3 . [00182] In some embodiments, both R' are taken together with the carbon atom to which they 5 are attached to form a cyclobutyl; or each R' is -CH 3 . [00183] In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 or -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is

C

1

-C

6 alkylene; R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 10 C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is C1-C 4 alkylene; substituted or unsubstituted N-containing 5-membered or 6-membered C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is -L 1

-R

7 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted 15 monocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl. [00184] In some embodiments, one RA is -CN, -NO 2 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , CO 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 20 C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkoxy; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=0)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or 25 unsubstituted Ci-Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or 30 substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [00185] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (VII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: - 65 - R _N A NI S (R) RAK ~ RA WN B R R1 R1 Formula (VII) wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 5 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl; 10 each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 15 C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; ring B is 5-membered heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl or naphthyl; n is 0, 1, or 2; 20 R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy;

R

5 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , 25 N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NR 1 1 C(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 30 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 - 66 - L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci 5 C 6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene;

R

6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 ,

-N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 10 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 15 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C1

C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or 20 unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or 25 unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted 30 aryl), or -Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [00186] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (VIII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: - 67 - NC IN R A I x ( R A" NA B NRR Formula (VIII) wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, 5 substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; 10 X is O or S; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 10 , -N(R 11 )S(=0) 2 R 10 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, 15 substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2;

R

4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , substituted or 20 unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl;

R

5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , 25 C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 30 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 - 68 - L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-;

L

2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted Ci 5 C 6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or 10 unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 15 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C1

C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or 20 unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

10 is substituted or unsubstituted Ci-C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci

C

6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or 25 unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted 30 aryl), or -Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [00187] In some embodiments, X is S; ring B is phenyl; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or C1-C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , SR 9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , 35 substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, - 69 substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, 5 S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, 10 substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl. [00188] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , OH, -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, and Ci

C

6 alkoxy. [00189] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (VIIIa), or a 15 pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or N-oxide thereof: NC N X (R RA O N RK R R Formula (VIIIa) wherein, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a 20 substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently H, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, or C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl; X is O or S; 25 RA is C 1

-C

6 alkyl; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2;

R

4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , C 1

-C

6 alkyl, C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, C1-C 6 alkoxy, or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl; 30 R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rn)S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -OC0 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , - 70 -

C(=O)N(R

9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR" C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=0)OR 0 , Ci-Cioalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkoxy, Ci-Cioalkoxy,

C

1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 5 substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-;

L

2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; 10 R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -OCO 2

R

0 , -N(R 9

)

2 , C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=O)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 15 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a 20 substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which 25 they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl;

R

1 0 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 30 Ciocycloalkyl), -Ci-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1

-C

4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl. [00190] In some embodiments, X is S; ring B is phenyl; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, 35 Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , - 71 -

SR

9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , Ci Cioalkyl, C 1 -Ciofluoroalkyl, C 1 -Ciofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -Ll 5 L 2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is

C

1

-C

6 alkylene, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C0 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or 10 unsubstituted aryl. [00191] In some embodiments, RA is Ci-C 6 alkyl; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently Ci

C

4 alkyl. [00192] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (VIII) has the structure of Formula 15 (IX): NC N RAR R A N / R 5 R Formula (IX). [00193] In some embodiments, each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -OH, Ci

C

6 alkyl, and C1-C 6 alkoxy. 20 [00194] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (VIIIa) has the structure of Formula (IXa): NC N RA)UNK I N R 5 Ri Formula (IXa). [00195] In some embodiments, each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci 25 C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; or two R9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are - 72 attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl; R 10 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci

C

6 heteroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl. 5 [00196] In some embodiments, R 5 is halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)NH(R 9 ), Ci-Cioalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci

C

1 ofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, 10 -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is Ci-C 4 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -CO 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [00197] In some embodiments, RA is -CH 3 ; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to 15 which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or each

R

1 is -CH 3 ; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , -S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2

R

9 , -N(R 9

)

2 , -C(=O)NH(R 9 ), Ci-Cioalkyl, C1-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci

C

1 ofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 20 substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L 1

-L

2

-R

6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is Ci-C 4 alkylene; R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2

-C

6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. [00198] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (VIII) or Formula (VIIIa) has the 25 following structure: NC R N R5 R1 R1

R

4 R [00199] In some embodiments, RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, RA is Ci-C 6 alkyl. In some embodiments, RA is -CH 3 . [00200] In some embodiments, R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)R 0 , 30 S(=0) 2

R

0 , C 1

-C

6 alkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkyl, C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkoxy, C 1

-C

6 alkoxy, or C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 4 is F. - 73 - [00201] In some embodiments, R 5 is halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2

R

0 , S(=0) 2

N(R

9

)

2 , -C(=O)R 0 , -CO 2

R

9 , -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 , C1-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci

C

4 fluoroalkoxy, C1-C 4 alkoxy. In some embodiments, R 5 is -CO 2

R

9 or -C(=O)N(R 9

)

2 . In some embodiments, R 5 is -CO 2 H, -C(=O)NH 2 or -C(=O)NH(CH 3 ). 5 [00202] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (X), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: RA X

F

3 C N SR 5 R1IR F Formula (X) wherein, 10 each R 1 is independently selected from H and -CH 3 ; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl; X is O or S;

X

1 is CH or N; 15 RA is -CN or -C(=O)NH 2 ;

R

5 is -CO 2 H, or -C(=O)NH 2 . [00203] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (X), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: RA

F

3 C N SR 5 R1IR F 20 Formula (X) wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H and -CH 3 ; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl; 25 X is 0;

X

1 is CH or N; RA is -CN or -C(=O)NH 2 ;

R

5 is -CO 2 H, -C(=O)NH 2 or -C(=O)NH(CH 3 ). - 74 - [00204] In some embodiments, described herein is a compound of Formula (X), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide, metabolite or prodrug thereof: RA

F

3 C N SR 5 R1IR F Formula (X) 5 wherein, each R 1 is independently selected from H and -CH 3 ; or both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclobutyl; X is O or S; 10 X 1 is CH or N; RA is -C(=O)NH 2 ;

R

5 is -CO 2 H, -C(=O)NH 2 or -C(=O)NH(CH 3 ). [00205] Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof can be chosen by one skilled in the field to provide stable moieties and compounds. 15 [00206] In one aspect, compounds described herein include compounds in Table 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or N-oxide thereof: Table 1. Cmpd. Name Structure [M+ 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4- NC N hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6 1 thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NAN OH diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 F 5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-thioxo- ,N Z s 7-(3-(trifluoromethyl)- NNN OH 2 [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin- -N N N / 435.4 6-yl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-

F

3 C 8-one 0 -75- Cmpd. Name Structure LCM1S Ethyl 4-(7-(6-cyano-5- INC IN 0 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- I 015 3 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C ) IN\ A /Ia diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- -- Q I fluorobenzoate 0 F 5-(5-(4-Bromo-3- INC IN fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- 4 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)- F 3 C NAN~ Br 500.3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0IF 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- INC IN methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- 0 5 thioxo-5,7- )NAN -Q N 424.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- 0 1- HF fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0 F 4-(3-(6-Cyano-5- INC IN methylpyridin-3-yl)-4-oxo-2- 0 6 thioxo-1,3- IN A N - 1 N- 438.1 diazaspiro[4.4]nonan- l-yl)-2- 0 - Q IFH fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0 F 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(5- INC IN methylfuran-2-yl)phenyl)-8- II 7 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NA N \ \ 429.1 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7 yl)picolinonitrile 01 Ethyl 5-(7-(6-cyano-5- INC IN 8 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- FC/F 88-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- 1 C N'> IF49. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0 0 INC IN 5-(5-(N aphthalen-2-yl)-8-oxo- -1U

-

l or b n o t 9 6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C INAI 5. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N \/ 43. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile0 - 76 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S NC N 5-(5-(2-Cyanophenyl)-8-oxo-6- SN 10 thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C :G NA - 42. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N-6'42. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnile d 5-(5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-8-oxo-6- NC I- s 11 thioxo-5,7- FCN diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- FCN---6 428.4 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 0 NC N 5-(5-(4-Cyanophenyl)-8-oxo-6- s 12 thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 N ON N 428.4 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N a (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 0o NC N 5-(5-([ 1,1 '-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-8- -~ 13 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 NAN\ -0\ / 479.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3

-

N6 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 01 NC N 5 -(5-([ 1,1 '-Biphenyl]-3-yl)-8- 14 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 XNA(N \/- 479.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- -j (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile0/\ N C N N s 5 -(5 -([ 1,1 F- Biphe nyl-2 -yl) -8 - 15 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N AN_\ 479.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile0 NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-2- S 16 yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 I N' ' 480.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N \/ N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 - 77 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-3- S 17 yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N' N-Q,/ 480.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N-N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnile a1 N C N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-4- NZ 18 yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N- C~ 480.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N-0/ (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 0o NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-6- N s 19 thioxo-5,7- -3 'N 0. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- F 3 - O /0. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile d -6 NC N 20 5-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(o-tolyl)- N 20 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-FCN N /41. 3- FCNK 1. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 NC N 21 5-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(m-tolyl)- Ns~ 21 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-FC 3- 3 NN / 417.5 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0a NC N 22 5-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(p-tolyl)- 22 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-

F

3 C N -N41. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitriled 6 - 78 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S NC N a5-(8-Oxo-5-(2- F 3 C IN AN 23 a phenoxyphenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7- N \/495.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- o 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(3- N S 24 phenoxyphenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 NA 495. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile d- 0 \ / NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4- N S 25 phenoxyphenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N~ A 495.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -N / (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01/" N C N 5-(5-(2-Fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6- N S 26 thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C U NAN -2. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N " /41. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile F NC N 5-(5-(3 -Fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6- 27 thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 A 2. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N ' / 41. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnile 0 F NC N 5-(5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6- 28 thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N AN F 421.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0' - 79 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-2- NC N S 29 methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6- Fi 29thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NA"N 451.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - / (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitriled 6 30 [1 (trifluoromethyl)- / N N \/43. 30 1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin- F 3 C N NA 3. 6-yl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan- 3 8-one 0 NC N 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-6-thioxo-5- 31 (p-tolyl)-5,7- N N 363.5 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7- N \ / yl)picolinonitrile 0o 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3- NC N 32 methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6- - F 32thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NAN -< / 451.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01 NC N 5-(4,4-Dimethyl-5-oxo-2- NZ S 33 thioxo-3-(p-tolyl)imidazolidin- F3 :UA40. l-yl)-3- FCN /40. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 6-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(p-tolyl)- Ns\ 34 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-

F

3 0 N NA 41. 2- N ' / 47. (trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitnile do 4-(7-(5-Cyano-6- NCn 35 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-0 358-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 N A 'N \/ N- 478.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0 FH fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0 F - 80 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S NC 36 5-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(p-tolyl)- 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- N 1NA N /399.6 yl)quinoline-8-carbonitrile q l NC 4-(7-(8-Cyanoquinolin-5-yl)-8- S 0 37 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- N 46. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N \ 460.

fluoro-N-methylbenzamide H 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-2- NC N 38 hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6- I 3 ~\ diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - / (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 0 6 HO NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-3- N S 39 yloxy)phenyl)-6-tix- F FO diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 3 N~N - / 0 496.1 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-4- s 40 yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - FCN \494 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 - \- N NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-2- S 41 yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C IN\ - 0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -NN49. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile o NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-5- s 42 yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7- FC- 0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - 0 / 496.N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile - 81 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 4-(3-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 43 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-S0 5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2- F 3 C NA\N \/ N- 466.5 thioxoimidazolidin- Il-yl)-2-H fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0F NC N 5-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(4- S 44 (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-5,7- - CF 8. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - -a N \ OF 8. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle o1 NC N 5-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(3- N S 45 (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-

F

3 0 N A 487.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 0F 3 NC N 5-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(4- s 46 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5,7-

F

3 C N CF 3 471.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N a (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile

/

4-(3-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 47 methylpyridin-3 -yl)-5 ,5-II dimethyl-4-oxo-2- U NAN N\/ 412.5 thioxoimidazolidin- Il-yl)-2-H fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0 F NC N 48 5-(8-Oxo-5-phenyl-6-thioxo- Ns 48 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-

F

3 CNA40. 3- N ' /43. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnile d 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4- NC N 49 methylphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- N~ A 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)- '3CN \/435.5 3- (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 - F - 82 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4- NC N SF S methylphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- I -. 5 50 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-

F

3 C 0 1,N AN \/435.5 3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 N C N 5-(5-(Isoquinolin-6-yl)-8-oxo- N s 51 jj[ 4]t 1)3F 3 C X NAN \ 454.6 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 N C N 5-(5-(Isoquinolin-7-yl)-8-oxo- s 52 6-thioxo-5 ,'- F 3 C NAN45. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N / \45. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 6, NC N 5-(5-Cyclohexyl-8-oxo-6- S 53 thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C NAN-0 409.6 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3

-

N6 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle d 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4- NC NN s 54 hydroxyphenl)-8-oxo-6- N _< - 0H diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- NF H 8. methylpicolinonitrile 01-F 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4- NC ' hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6- 55thioxo-5,7- N A N _ / OH 419.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-F yl)quinoline-8-carbonitrile0F NC N 5-(5-(4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl)- s 56 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F3C NA N CN 446.6 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- -C (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01- F - 83 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S NC N 3-Chloro-5-(8-oxo-6-thioxo-5- 57 (p-tolyl)-5,7- Clu- NA ~~/ 8. diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7-N-38. yl)picolinonitrile ol NC N 4-(7-(5-Chloro-6-cyanopyridin- NZ S 0 58 3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- CI ' NA 1 444.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- N \/ N H fluoro-N-methylbenzamide ol6 F NC N 3-Methoxy-5-(8-oxo-6-thioxo- N S 59 5-(p-tolyl)-5,7- 0 N'K/37. diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7- N-37. yl)picolinonitrileo 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 60 methoxypyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- z / N044. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- -H fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 011 F N 6-Thioxo-5-(p-tolyl)-7-(3- N 61 (trifluoromethyl)-[2,3' bipyridin]-5-yl)-5,7-

F

3 C N~ 'k 469.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-8-one d 6 N S 62 6-thioxo-5-(p-tolyl)-5,7- N A N -363.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-8-oned 6 NC N 5-(5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo- s 63 6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C ~ N A OH419 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- N-1. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile6 - 84 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4- NC N hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6- 64 thioxo-5,7- F 3 C N N"N - /OH 437.8 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 6 F NC N 65 4-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(p-tolyl)- 1 65 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- N(N -0 / 399.0 yl)isoquinoline- 1 -carbonitrile0 0" NC N 4-(7-(l1-Cyanoisoquinolin-4- S t 0 66 yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- N'N46. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- I NQ N- 6. fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0 FH 5-(5-(3- NC N S 67 (Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-8- F oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C0 N 433.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N \ (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0o1 O0H N C N 68 (Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-8- :C3 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- FCN \/433.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile OH 5-(5-(4-NC eN 69 (Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-8- I- O 69oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N 433.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-N / (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 NC N 5-(5-(4-Cyano-2-fluorophenyl)- SF 70 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F3C N N - C45. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 3 N Z C (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile /1 - 85 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S Methyl 4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC NF methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- 0N 71 thioxo-5,7- U NAN / o- 425.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-3- 0-1 fluorobenzoate 6 NC N 5-(5-(2 ,3 -Difluorophenyl)-8- S 72 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 3. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N /43. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile d-,F F NC N 5-(5-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-8- S F 73 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- -3 A 3. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-FCN N /43. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile d-'F NC N 5-(5-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-8- S F 74 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- -3 A 3. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-

F

3 N \/ 3. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile d0 6 F NC N 5-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(2,3 ,6- S~ 1 F 75 trifluorophenyl)-5,7-

F

3 C NA F5. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N /46. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile d F F NC N 5-(5-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-8- S F 76 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F3 A - 3. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- F 3 \/F 3. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 0 NC N 5-(5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo- N S 77 6-thioxo-5,7-

-~N-

1 ( OH 365.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3

-

N / methylpicolinonitrile 0 - 86 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 0 78 methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- NS 78thioxo-5,7- N N -C 406.1 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-N- ~'/ H methylbenzamide 0l 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 79 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 798-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C NAN O / Nl 460.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-N- H methylbenzamide 01 5-(5-(4- NC N 80 (Methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-8- F 0 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C WN \ - / 1, 481.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - 00 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile0 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N z 81 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0, 81 8-oxo-6-thioxo-57 F 3 0 N~~ 'k'~ 482.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5- 0 NH yl)benzenesulfonamide0 4-(8-Oxo-6-thioxo-5-(p-tolyl)- NCs 82 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- NrNL NA38. yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-7- N /N-0 /38. carbonitrile0 NC 83 a]pyridin-4-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- r:N / N~N \/ N 4. 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)- N\ H 2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0 -Q F H NC N 5-(5-(4-Methylbenzyl)-8-oxo-I 84 6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N KN 431.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile / "" - 87 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S NC N 5-(5-(4-Methylphenethyl)-8- N S 85 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C , N 445.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitr-ile 0" 5-(5-(4-(3- NC N 86 Hydroxypropyl)phenyl)-8-oxo- I Nk '- -- 6. 6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 N~N \ 6. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 OH (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01OH NC N 5-(5-(1H-Indazol-5-yl)-8-oxo- s 87 6-thioxo-5,7- F3 NA -:, I 4. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- FCN % h 3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrileo N C N -(5 -(I1H- IndazoI- 6 -yl) -8 -oxo- s 88 6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- F0N- \/\ ~ 1 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle N' 01 H 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 89 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 CU N' A N 478.3 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-3 - 0-6H fluoro-N-methylbenzamide NC N 5-(5-(4-(4-Methylpiperazin-1I- S -\ 90 yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N-NN\- 501.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -N , N j (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-((2-(pyridin-4- NC N s 91 yl)ethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-6- 0 91thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N\NN A/ 572.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile ') - 88 - Cmpd. Name Structure LCM1S 5-(5-(4-((Methyl(pyridin-4- C N s 92 ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenyl ~ 92)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F C NAN \ 537.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01/ -" 5-(5-(4-((4-Methylpiperazin- 1 - N 93 yl)methyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F3 NA thioxo-5,7- ' N \/ 515.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N 94 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)' N~"~ 398.6 1 -naphthonitrile 4-(7-(4-Cyanonaphthalen- Il-yl)- NC 0 95 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NAN~ - 1 5. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N / N fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 6 0 -Q F H 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(6- N methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8- -N 96 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NAN \ / \ /440.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7-01 yl)picolinonitrile0 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(4- NC N methylpyridin-3 -yl)phenyl)-8- N 97oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NAN \ / \ /440.1 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7-0/1 yl)picolinonitrile6 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(5- NC N S 98 methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8- -N 98 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NA\N--\'\ 440.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-

/

yl)picolinonitrile - 89 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(2- NC N methylpyridin-3 -yl)phenyl)-8- SU - 99oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NA'N \/ 440.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7- 01 yl)picolinonitrile0 NC N 5-(3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,4- s 100omdaoii-1y)3

F

3 0 NNA NN / OH 407.0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle NC N 5-(3 -(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,4- N 101 dimethyl-5-oxo-2- N A OH35. thioxoimidazolidin- I-yl)-3- N \/O 5. methylpicolinonitrile 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(methyl(I - NC N methylpiperidin-4-S - / 102 yl)amino)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- N 475.1 thioxo-5,7- N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- 0- N yl)picolinonitrile 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4- NC N s 103 (pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)-6- -N thioxo-5,7- NA'N-- / N/) 427.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7 yl)picolinonitrile 01 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC Nl. methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- 0F 104 thioxo-5,7- N 'kN ~/ ~424.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-3- 0H fluoro-N-methylbenzamide6 NC N 5-(5-(4-(5-Fluoropyridin-3- s 105 yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NAN / 444.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3-

-

methylpicolinonitrile F, - 90 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- 0 16thioxo-5,7- N N -: N 419.9 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-N,2- "'/ H dimethylbenzamide 0 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- N C N 17 methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- 0 17thioxo-5,7- 'N \/ -H 436.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- H -0 methoxy-N-methylbenzamide0 2-Chloro-4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- N s0 108 thioxo-5,7- NN -Q 440.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-N- 0" 1- H methylbenzamide 0C 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- N S 0 109 thioxo-5,7- U N' N 474.1 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-N- N methyl-2- 01 CF 3 H (trifluoromethyl)benzamide NC N 5-(5-(Naphthalen- 1 -yl)-8-oxo- 110 6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C: NA45. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-N /45. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitr-ile 0 / NC N 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(1

-

N III oxoisoindolin-5-yl)-6-thioxo- -N A" N 404.1 5,7-diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7- N yl)picolinonitrile d 6N 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4- NC NN s 112 (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- if yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7- N -ON 433.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-0 yl)picolinonitrile - 91 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 13 (difluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- F7:S 138-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NA~N / N 460.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- IF 01IF\H fluoro-N-methylbenzamide0F INC I1-Methyl-4-(8-oxo-6-thioxo-5- s 114 (p-tolyl)-5,7- -N t: NJ- 352.1 diazaspiro [3 .4] octan-7-yl)- 1 H- N pyrrole-2-carbonitrile O 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(tetrahydro-2H- INC IN pyran-4-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo- 15 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-

F

3 C IN AN-0 / 487.1 3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01 INC IN 5-(5-(4-(Furan-2-yl)phenyl)-8- s 0 116 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- IN /J IN 415.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N0 methylpicolinonitrile 01 5-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)- INTl-- s 117 6-thioxo-7-(3 -(trifluoromethyl)- N N IN A - OH [1 ,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin- I N 1 N \/453.5 6-yl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan- F01-'I 8-one6 INC IN 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(piperazin-1- sf-N 118 yl)phenyl)6thioxo-5,7- F 3 C 1 IN AN IN \-~j 487.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- - (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile d tert-Butyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC IN0 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- N SN 119 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F34 N _ - N_ - 587.2 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5- -6 N~ yl)phenyl)piperazine- 1 carboxylate - 92 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- -U , 0 108-oxo-6-thioxo-57

F

3 C N N A / 3N 518.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-N- H methylbenzenesulfonamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N z (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- - 0 121 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 A~N \ / NN 532.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-N,N- o dimethylbenzenesulfonamide 01 Methyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC N (trfluromthy~pyidi-3 s) 122 ifluooethpidn-3 -l- -3: N 0. 122 8-xo-6tirox4oc-5- 0 3 NN0/ 0. yl)phenyl)butanoate 0 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3- NC N 123 thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 N AN- -/ 437.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3-

--

O (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 O NC N 5-(5-(4-(3 -(4-Methylpiperazin- S 1 -yl)propyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 C U NA~N-G 124 thioxo-5,7- \- N 543.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0l N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N NC N 5-(5-(Benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)-8- 15oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C I A 4. 15 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N- 7 ) 4. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle /60 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(1-methyl- NC N 1H-pyrazol-5- S 126 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F 3 C N' 4 N- \ / 545.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0F N/ (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile ' - 93 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyrrolidin- NC I1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6 127 thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NA\N \\- 534.9 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0-6 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile0F 5-(5-(4-(Benzyloxy)-3- NC N fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- -;r 128 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)- F 3 C :U NA'N- \ / O\ / 527.6 3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 01- F 5-(5-(4-((l1 -Methylpiperidin-4- s yl~oy~phnyl-8-oxo-6-thioxo- 129 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)- F 3 C NNA N / 516.0 3- 0 o (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2- NC N s 10 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F A- 0 130thioxo-5,7- F 3 'N ~ /0542.6 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - 0 F1- F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 6N 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- NC N 11 methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo- 116-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 U NA"N -0 / 0 \ 495.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0- (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 0 6 Ethyl 2-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC N 12 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- 0 128-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C G NA 4 N- \/ \0~/ 523.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- F0-A fluorophenoxy)acetate 01-F 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(4- NC NN 13 methoxybutoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo- I : 136-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 NN 523.6 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 F6 - 94 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-((4,4,5,5,5- NC N 134 pentafluoropentyl)oxy)phenyl)- F -:[I N 0C F59. 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 N F 59. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- - 6F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile0FCF 5-(-(4(3-NC N 135 (Benzyloxy)propoxy)-3

-

N' 8. 15 fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thio.xo-

F

3 0 0 8. 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)- N Ph/ 3- 01- F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 5-(5-(4-(4-(Benzyloxy)butoxy)- NC N 3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6- - 0 136 thioxo-5,7- F 3 C N N -\0 599.8 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- F00 Ph (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- NC NN s 17 methylphenethoxy)phenyl)-8- FC NA - 0 137oxo6thioxo-5,7 FCN-' 555.8 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01F -6 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3- NC N 18 phenylpropoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-I- 0 186-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 NC 555.8 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0l 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3,3,4,4,4 NC N pentafluorobutoxy)phenyl)-8 139 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C N A N- r CF/ 583.4 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01- F F F 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- N C N 140 (naphthalen- 1 10 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 C N N- / / 591.2 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- F I \F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile - 95 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- NC N (naphthalen-2- I - 0 141 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 C N- o59. thioxo-5,7- F diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0/L (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-4- NC N 12 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F A- 0 142 thioxo-5,7- FCN - 1 -<:~/ 542.7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0--6 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0N /~ 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- NC NN s morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)1-8- 143 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C NA\N- \/ O\ ~ 550.6 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - FN (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 - F0 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-3 - NC N s yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- 144 thioxo-5,7- F 3 C U NA'N-\ / 542.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- /-6 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0'F/" 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-(pyridin-3- NC N 15 yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-I 145thioxo-5,7- F0 NN \/ 0556.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - 0F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 0 5-(5-(4-(2-(l H-Pyrrol- I- NC NN yl)ethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8 16oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C G NAN-\/ 0\--\ 530.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01-F 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(pyridin-2- NC 1Z ylmethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6 147 thioxo-5,7- F 3 N N A/ ' 2. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - FN (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01-F - 96 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(pyridin-3- NC N ylmethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6 18thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C : NN /A 2. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3

-

N< -l , N 2. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01- F 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4- NC N methylpiperazin-1I- SU A 149 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 CN56. thioxo-5,7- O'/6NQ563.8 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- FN (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3- N C N 1 morpholinopropoxy)phenyl)8 10oo6tix-,-FCN N 0 ['\o 564.7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- -C (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0l- F 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-((4,4,5,5,5- N C NN 11 pentafluoropentyl)thio)butoxy) F I N S C F 11 phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NN \ -685.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- -4 4SA (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0F 3 CF 3 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-((4,4,5,5,5 NC N penta I 0 152 fluoropentyl)sulfinyl)butoxy)ph F 3 C I N( A"1 F enyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- N-C O F 701.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 01- F 3 CF 3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-((4,4,5,5,5- NC N 13 pentafluoropentyl)thio)propioxyI 13 )phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C : N NQ\ / y 671.8 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3

-

F463 k (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle F3 CF 3 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-((4,4,5,5,5- NC N pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl)prop I 0 14 oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- F3 'N11N \ 8. 3- 0F 30CF 3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile o - 97 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 5-(4-(2-(Pyridin-2- N yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-7- N' 155 (3-(trifluoromethyl)- N\ N / 50. [1,2,4]triazolo [4,3 -b]pyridazin- F N N N 00 4. 6-yl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan- N N/ 8-one 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(pyridin-4- N C NN ylmethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-65 16thioxo-5,7- F 3 N -< ON- G/ IN 528.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - F' (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 F6 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-(4- NC N 157methylpiperazin- 1 - I~ - 0 yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6 _~N 7. thioxo-5,7- N 3 C , \ / \ \ diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 01-KIF (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle NC N 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-(pyridin-2- Nz 18 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F UA- F 18thoo5,7 F 3 C N 542.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 01160 O\l (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrileN 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-(pyridin-3- NC NN 3 19 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- - - F 19thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 : NAN \ / 542.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- -l (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0N 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-(pyridin-4- NC N yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- - 160 thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NAN / F 542.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -0 N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile0\ / NC N 5-(5-(3-(Benzyloxy)-4-

F

3 s 11 fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- FCNA 11 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)- N /527.5 3-06 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile - 98 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3- NC N phenethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-F 162 thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 X N AN \ / 541.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 6 N C N 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(3- 163 phenylpropoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-

F

3 C :U NAN \/ F 6-thoxo-,7- i 60--"l-b555.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-00 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2- NC NN s morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)1-8- - I 164 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C u N'N \/ F 550.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- - (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01 NC N 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(3- I 165 morpholinopropoxy)phenyl)-8-

F

3 C NAN F 6. oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- C56. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0l- 0-\ \ (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-(4- NC N 66methylpiperazin-1I- I - F, 16 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 C N N F 563.5 thioxo-5,7- /-\N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnile o NC N 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(3-(4- F3s"" 167 yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- N6 577/ thioxo-5,7- 010-577.6 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N - 99 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- NC N NZ methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo- 168 6-thioxo-5,7- NN\ 0 441.6 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0methylpicolinonitrile0F 19 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2- NC N 19 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- N thioxo-5,7- N-< / 488.7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0F methylpicolinonitrileN 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4 - NC N s methylpiperazin- 1 - 1 170 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- N N \ / 509.8 thioxo-5,7-0F N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0UFN methylpicolinonitrileN 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- N 11 methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo- NN( 7. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- 0F 0 yl)quinoline-8-carbonitrile0F 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2- NC s 172 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- N N- 0 thioxo-5,7- NN 4: \ N 524.6 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- 0F yl)quinoline-8-carbonitrileN 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4 - N C s 173 yl)ethoxy)pheny)-8-oxo-6- N N1 N- -\- 4. thioxo-5,7-0F N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- 0UFN yl)quinoline-8-carbonitrileN 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(piperazin- NC 14 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- FCNA 174thioxo-5,7- FCI N \ /549.9 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0 /,F N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NH - 100 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S NC N 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- S 175 thiomorpholinoethoxy)phenyl)- F 3 C N~\ 0/O~ 6. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0F N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile u NC N 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyrazin-2- S 176 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F 3 C N A 0 thioxo-5,7- N \ / 543.8 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0F /\ (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(piperidin- s 177 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F3C N~~\ -0 ~ 54. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0F N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 N C N 5-(5-(4-(2-(4-Methylpiperazin- S 178 1 -yl) ethoxy)phenyl)- 8 -oxo -6 - F 3 C NAN -,a \- 545. thioxo-5,7- NN~~ 4. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0,1 N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N NC N 5-(5-(4-(2-Cyclohexylethoxy)- N 179 3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6- F 3 C N A 1 \ - 057 thioxo-5,7- ~ ~ /-4 \-\ 4. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2- NC N NZ (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-S 180 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 C ~NAN- \/ 549.8 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 01- F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(2- NC N 11 methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo- 116-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N NAN /0 09. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0- F Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(2-(4- NC N methylpiperazin- 1 - 1 15 182 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 C U -NA'N \/ \\56. thioxo-5,7- N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0/ F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2- NC 183 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F 3 0 : NA\ - 054. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0F /N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(3-(4- NC N 184 methylpiperazin-1 I 14 yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 C 0\\N57. thioxo-5,7- \N \/ ~ "N- 7. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- O7~ ~ (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-(pyrrolidin- NC N s 185 1 -yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- I thioxo-5,7- F 3 C ~NAN- 0 \ / ,- 548.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- F (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 F6 5-(5-(4-(2-(1,1- NC N Dioxidothiomorpholino)ethoxy FCN Ai - 0 186 )-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 N \- / 598.0 thioxo-5,7- oF N59. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- - 6Q = (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile I I 0 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(2-(piperidin- NZ N 18 I -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-N~ 4 / O\ ~ 58. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- FN 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4- NC N s 18 phenethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6- F A- 0 188 thioxo-5,7- FC N -<'N \ 541.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0F/" - 102 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(pyrimidin- NC INN S 19 2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F 4, 0 19thioxo-5,7- FCG IN 0 543.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-0F / (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile N 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-((1 - NC N F 10methylpiperidin-4-

I

3 10 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- FCN NZ- 3. 5,7-diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7-yl)-N /53. 3- 0116 N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-((1 - NC N s 11 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-x6tho- N 462.1 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)picolinonitrile N 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-((1- NC N N s 192 methylpiperidin-4- NA 0 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- N \ 480.1 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)- 06 F 3 -methylpicolinonitrileN 5 -(5 -(3 -Fluoro -4 -((I1- N C N s 193 methylpiperidin-4-S 13 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- FC: N N, - 3. 5,7-diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7-yl)-

F

3 C6 NN 3. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrileN 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4- N C N 194 ((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- I- 0 yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5 ,7- N /49. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- 0 4. yl)picolinonitrile 0 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4- NC N 15 ((tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4- I 15 yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7- NAN ~ /0 6. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- O 6. yl)picolinonitrile 0 - s - 103 - Cmpd. Name Structure [M * 5-(4,4-Dimethyl-3-(4-((1- NC N s 196 methylpiperidin-4- F3C N - O yl)oxy)phenyl)-5-oxo-2- N \ / 504.1 thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-3- N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 5-(4,4-Dimethyl-3-(4-((1- NC N s 197 methylpiperidin-4- N O yl)oxy)phenyl)-5-oxo-2- N \ / 450.1 thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-3- N methylpicolinonitrile NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-((tetrahydro-2H- Ns 198 pyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6- -53 thioxo-5,7- FCN N 503.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 o 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-6-thioxo-5- NC N (4-(2-(4-(2,2,2- 559.1 199 trifluoroethyl)piperazin-1 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-5,7- N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- 0 N yl)picolinonitrile 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(2-(4- NC N methylpiperazin-1- 200 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- NAN / 491.2 thioxo-5,7- -6N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- o N yl)picolinonitrile 5-(5-(4-((1,1- NC N Dioxidotetrahydro-2H- .A 201 thiopyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8- N N / 497.0 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- 01 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0 s=o methylpicolinonitrile 0 NC N 5-(5-(4-(2-(4-Acetylpiperazin- I 1-yl)ethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-

F

3 C NA N \ 59 202 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0 F N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 0 - 104 - Cmpd. Name Structure LCM1S 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4- NC N methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6- 203 thioxo-5,7- F 3 C 'IANI-\ / \ 451.4 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 IF (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01-F NC N 5-(5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-8 -oxo- N S 204 6-thioxo-5,7- F3C N k43. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - 3Nl-\ / \ (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnile NC N 5-(5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo- N S 205 6-thioxo-5,7-

N'

1 0 7. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -N / \ methylpicolinonitrile 0 -6 NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-2- s 206 yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7- F3C N \/ >..- 497.8 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 01- N NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrazin-2- s 27 yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7- IF CU, N 9. 27 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- N N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile o //"6 NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-4- s 208 yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N 'k 497.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - N N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle o/\ 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4- NC N 29 (Pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6 29thioxo-5,7- N0 N/ 443.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- \ - 105 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4- NC N (piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-

I

210 thioxo-5,7- NA ' \ 448.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7- 0 yl)picolinonitrile NH NC N 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4- N S 21 yloxy)phenyl)6-thioxo-5,7- F3C NA\ 0. (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnile 0- N H NC N 5-(8=Oxo-5-(4-((1=FC -N-( 212 yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7- 558.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- Z N 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile C NC N 5-(5-(4-((l1 -isobutyrylpiperidin- I 213 4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-

F

3 0' thioxo-5,7- 572.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0/6O N 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnle NC N ethyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5- I (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-

F

3 C NAN \--/ 0 N57. 214 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5- 01- N 0 7. yl)phenoxy)piperidine- 1 - ) carboxylated NC N 5-(5-(4-((l1-acetylpiperidin-4- 215 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- NN \/a 490.0 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl) 3 -methylpicolinonitrile OO N 0 - 106 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * NC N 5-(5-(4-((l1-Ethylpiperidin-4- S 216 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-

NAN-

1 a o 07. 5,7-diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7-yl)-N /47. 3-methylpicolinonitrile 0 N NC N 217 Hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4- N- -a 0 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- N\/492.1 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)- 0N 3 -methylpicolinonitrile\-\O 5-(-(4((1(2-NC N hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4- 218 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- F 3 0 N \ 546.1 5,7-diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-7-yl)-N54. 3- d1- N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile OH 5-(5-(4-(( 1- NC N (methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4- FC ) S - 0 219 yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- F3 NAN-C / 580.1 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-N0 3- 0- N 0 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N N s 5-(5-(4-((l1 -Isopropylpiperidin 4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- FC : NA"N 220 thioxo-5,7- 3CN-- 0544.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 01- N (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile Ethyl 2-(4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- DI S 221 8-oxo-6thioxo-5,7- NLr~ 588.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-0 yl)phenoxy)piperidin- 1 - 0- N\ yl)acetate NC N 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- N S (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-

F

3 0 - N N 1 4. 2diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5- 0-O N yl)phenoxy)piperidine- 1 - \ carboxamide

H

2 N - 107 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 5-(-(4(2-NC NN s Hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo- A 223 6-thioxo-5,7- ' N \ / - 409.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - OH methylpicolinonitrile 01 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-N - o 224 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C INkN \/ OH diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-F fluorobenzoic acid 01-F 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 25 methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- NJS 225thioxo-5,7- NN -WOH 411.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- F" fluorobenzoic acid 01-F 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N, 226 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3Fyl) F 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NN / 465.4 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- O,0H fluorobenzoic acid 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC NN 27 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -y) 278-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- yl- F 3 0 N'N 4 489.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5- 0OH yl)phenyl)butanoic acid 0 2-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 228 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- 10 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NA -I 0/'. 495.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- F -OH fluorophenoxy)acetic acid 0 F6 0 5-(7-(6-Carbamoyl-5- H N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-

H

2 N S 229 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C NA 1 F 483.4 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N \ / fluorobenzoic acid 0 OH 0 - 108 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- S 8-oxo--thioo-5,7 230 diazas tio4oa-5- F 3 C :U 'N N \/H 502.0 diazspir[3.4octa-5-N yl)phenyl)-N- 00 methylbutanamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 231 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C :U NA\N \ NH, 464.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0 F fluorobenzamide01 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- 0 232 thioxo-5,7- )NAN \ NH2 410.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0 1-F fluorobenzamide6 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- 0 23thioxo-5,7- N N -,: \ NH 2 406.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 methylbenzamide 0 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- I 0 234 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 "U ' N \ 561.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- NN-, fluoro-N-(2-(pyrrolidin- 1 - 0l- FH D yl)ethyl)benzamide N-Benzyl-4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC N 0 (tifuoomthlpyidn--N F 0U N 235 ifluooethlopyridi- y 3) N N-- 5. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0 6 FH fluorobenzamide 0/ 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 56. 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 e 26 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 3CN \ / N565 H fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-2- 0F N yl)ethyl)benzamide - 109 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- I S - 0 278-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N p '-e55. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- FH fluoro-N-(3-(pyrrolidin-l- 0 F N yl)propyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 238 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F N ~ 569.

F~

3 C N N- 56. fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-4- 01 yl)ethyl)benzamide 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-I- F 239 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F3CDUN ~ N_: F 569.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-3 yl)ethyl)benzamide N 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC IN (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- F3Cii -N F 208-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- NH56. 21 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0 3 0 N / H 59. fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-4-N yl)ethyl)benzamide N 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -y1)- I 242 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C N\ / N N\ -'0 F fluoro-N-(2-rdn4 0 F H"- N mophliethyl)benzamide 0N 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- N0 243 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- Ff - 0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- F 3 C N-\590 fluoro-N-(2-4- FH N\ yophliethyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6Cy-110- Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 244 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F N ' 56. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- H 6. fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-3- 0F N yl)ethyl)benzamide o Ethyl 2-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC NN (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 258-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 NNA N / N ~ 550.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- -'H -COQEt fluorobenzamido)acetate 01 F Ethyl 3-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC N 246 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-y)IS 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C N N N6. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-F H'\-COOEt 56. fluorobenzamido)propanoate O1-J Ethyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC NN 247 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)I 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 N\N \ /H N 578.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0F H\ \COOEt fluorobenzamido)butanoate 0 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- s 0 248 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C IN- 2. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- \ / N\ fluoro-N-(2- 01 F H methoxyethyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 249 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- FOCN - - 3. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N/ N53. fluoro-N-(3- 0 - F H \-o methoxypropyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- N S0 250 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C - NAN 3. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- \/ N fluoro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N- 0o-6 F methylbenzamide Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N S (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-IS 251 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C:U NAN_, F56. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- H fluoro-N-(2-(pyrrolidin- I- 0 yl)ethyl)benzamide0 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 22 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-- F 252 ~ 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N N ;57. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- ~'/ H f 7. fluoro-N-(3-(pyrrolidin- 1 -0,NN yl)propyl)benzamide 0 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- I Sl- - F 253 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C F~ diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-H57. fluoro-N-(2-00 morpholinoethyl)benzamide 0 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 5 254 -oxo6-tioxo5,7-F3CF 24 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- F0 N( ' H 590.6 fluoro-N-(2-(4- 0, methylpiperazin- 1 -0N yl)ethyl)benzamide 0 N 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 258-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C NAN \/ IH 540.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- H fluoro-N-phenylbenzamide 0 6 N-(2-(4-Bromo-1I-methyl-1IH- NC N pyrazol-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(7-(6- IS - 0 Br 256 cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)

F

3 C I - AN t65. pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo- Q / 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)- 01- F H\ II 2-fluorobenzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC NN 27 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- I Sl' - 0 278-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C ~ N \/q N( 568.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- F H\ O fluoro-N-phenethylbenzamide0 Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- I Sl- - 0 258 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C N N\ N\ 582.5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- H fluoro-N-(3 - 0 F / \ phenylpropyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-S 259 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 CDU NA N /1 N-55. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- -6H fluoro-N-(pyridin-4- 0/ F/\ ylmethyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- N s 0 260 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 N'' A N 560.5 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- N H0 N fluoro-N-(thiophen-2- 0/1 F H S_ ylmethyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- N 0 261 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 N A 54. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- N \IN fluoro-N-(pyridin-2- 0o1 F H N yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- N 0 262 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 0 N ' A- 541.4 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- N \ fluoro-N-(pyridin-3- 01 F H-O yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- s 0 263 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C - J N -4. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-NN \N54. fluoro-N-(pyridin-4- 0,6 F H-G yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- s0 264 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C:X ) J N -- 5. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- -6 / ND fluoro-N-(pyridin-2- 0/F ylmethyl)benzamideN -113 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-0 265 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C: N \ A / Q -N 556.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- H fluoro-N-(pyridin-3- 0F-6 F ylmethyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- S - 0 266 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 0 NA N4. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- N H N fluoro-N-(furan-2- 0/1 F H _ ylmethyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 27 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- - 0 278-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N 1 N - / N-{H 532.5 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-N-

H""

cyclopentyl-2-fluorobenzamide 0 6 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- S l- 0 268 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C ~N t H,6 ,\) N- 591.0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- F H N fluoro-N-(3 morpholinopropyl)benzamide 0O 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 298-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N- N 29 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-/I Q \60. fluoro-N-(3-(4- 0/,,6 F N methylpiperazin- 1 - N yl)propyl)benzamide 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(pyrrolidine- NC N 27 1-carbonyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- - 0 thioxo-5,7- F 3 CU N AN N 518.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 - 0F Q (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 6 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(morpholine- NC N N 4-carbonyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- 0 21thioxo-5,7- F 3 C N.AN \/ N 534.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3- 0-1 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 6 F 0 Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- - 0 272 thioxo-5,7- N"~ 486.8 N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- H fluoro-N-phenylbenzamide 0 F N-Benzyl-4-(7-(6-cyano-5- N 23 methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- 23thioxo-5,7- N \ / 500.8 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- F- H fluorobenzamide 0/6 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N NZ s 0 methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6- 274 thioxo-5,7- N N506.8 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- -6'

N

fluoro-N-(thiophen-2- 0 FHSZ ylmethyl)benzamide S 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 25 methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- Ns' 1 0hoo57 2. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-FH fluoro-N-(3-(pyrrolidin- 1- N1 yl~proyl~bezKIid 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -y1)- S 0 276 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F3CN56. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N -\/ N N 56. fluoro-N-(1 -methylpiperidin-4- 01- FH yl)benzamide N-Butyl-4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- - 0 278-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C NN A N 520.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- H fluorobenzamide0F 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- - 0 288-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C NN A N 506.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- H fluoro-N-propylbenzamide0F Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- 0 279 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C: NN A N 506.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- 01 FH fluoro-N-isopropylbenzamide 0 6 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- - 0 208-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F3 )U NA N 520.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- 0 -FH fluoro-N-isobutylbenzamide 0 F 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- S 0 281 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C NAN~" - 1 502.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- NN-\ fluoro-N-(prop-2-yn- 1- 0o F H\ yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 16 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- I 282 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C:X NAN - / 532.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- 0 -FH fluoro-N-isopentylbenzamide 0 6 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- - 0 283 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C / N N- 546.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-N- N H (cyclopentylmethyl)-2- 0 F fluorobenzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC NNZ (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- 0 248-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C) N AN - N-4 2 504.0 diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-N- 0'-6FH cyclopropyl-2-fluorobenzamide0F 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- S0 285 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C: N - N O H 51. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- NH/ (-OH) fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-2- Or F H methylpropyl)benzamide Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * N-(tert-Butyl)-4-(7-(6-cyano-5- NC NN 26 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 - N-k 0 268-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N \Q I / _N 520.0 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- H fluorobenzamide 0 6 N-(2-Chlorobenzyl)-4-(7-(6- NC Nl; cyano-5- 1 0 287 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-Yl)-

F

3 C : 'N- AN -/58. 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- \I N 58. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-0F /\ fluorobenzamide N-(3-Chlorobenzyl)-4-(7-(6- NC N cyano-5- 0 288 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- FC N N- \ - 8. 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- H diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0/- F _ \ CI fluorobenzamide N-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-4-(7-(6- NC N 0 cyano-5- FCI S - 0 289 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl) 588.4N / 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F H58. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- 0/ fluorobenzamide Ci 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N s (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-S 290 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C U NA'k- / N 556.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-H N fluoro-N-(pyrazin-2- 0/6 F /H ylmethyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N N 0 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- 291 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 0) N N Q - \ /58N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- IH - 58. fluoro-N-((5-methylfuran-2- 0 F 0/ yl)methyl)benzamide 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- S 292 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5- N \ H 564.0 yl)phenyl)-N- 0,0 Ph phenylbutanamide Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1S 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N 0 methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-- 0 293 thioxo-5,7- '~NN \ / N51. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0F H 518.1 fluoro-N-(4-/ fluorobenzyl)benzamide F N-(2-Chlorophenyl)-4-(7-(6- NC NN 24 cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8- 0 24oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- N AN \/ N I 520.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- H fluorobenzamide 01 F ci N-(3-Chlorophenyl)-4-(7-(6- NC0 cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8- - 295 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- )NAN \ / N \ 520.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- H -F -~ fluorobenzamide 0 6 C N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-(7-(6- NC N cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-Nk 296 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- UNN N \ / 520.1 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- 01 ' Q F H a fluorobenzamide 0 6 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- S0 297 thioxo-5,7- NAN -1N50. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- NQ H 0. fluoro-N-(2- 0 F fluorophenyl)benzamide F 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- s 0 298 thioxo-5,7- N~ N - 1 50. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- N 0. fluoro-N-(3- 01 F H0 F fluorophenyl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6- I 0 299 thioxo-5,7- U A -- ]l4 _a 503.F diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- NH 0. fluoro-N-(4- 0l- F fluorophenyl)benzamide -118 - Cmpd. Name Structure [M+ * 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin- NC N 300 3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- / s N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N N N --- 477.1 fluoro-N-(oxazol-2- H 0 yl)benzamide F 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- s o 301 thioxo-5,7- N ~ 493.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N \/ 493. fluoro-N-(thiazol-2- 0 F yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- s \ 302 thioxo-5,7- / 4~ - N-N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N N \/ N 490.9 H fluoro-N-(1-methyl-1H- 0 F pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- S 0 303 thioxo-5,7- N N4N diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N 490.2 fluoro-N-(1-methyl-1H- 0 F pyrazol-3-yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- N 304 thioxo-5,7- N N N 501.2 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- H fluoro-N-(6-methylpyridin-3- 0 F yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- s 305 thioxo-5,7- / NAN /- 505.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N fluoro-N-(5-fluoropyridin-3- 0 F H F yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- S o 306 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-

F

3 C N AN 521.9 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- N fluoro-N-(3- O F OH hydroxypropyl)benzamide - 119 - Cmpd. Name Structure [CM1 * 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- Y N Nk s0 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-)- N 378-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- 1 - 05: 37 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-N-

F

3 C N AN 1/ 603.2 (cyclopentyl(rnethyl)amino)pro F H6 1 pyl)-2-fluorobenzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- I 0 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- F 3 N \/ N58. fluo ro -N- (3 -(2 -o xop yrrolIi di n- 1 - 01- F H -D yl)propyl)benzamide 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4- N C N methylpiperazin-1I-yl)-2-Sa 309 oxoethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6- F 3 C IN N- N 57. thioxo-5,7-F\-N57. diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3- 0l- FN (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitnleN 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- S 0 310 thioxo-5,7- NA-- o 9. diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- N"- \HN ~ 9. fluoro-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran- 01 F 4-yl)benzamide 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N s methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6- I diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2- N\ H 0. fluoro-N-((tetrahydro-2H- 06 F pyran-4-yl)methyl)benzamide0 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC N (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)- - 0 312 6,8-dioxo-5,7- F 3 C:X NAN / N 462.6 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2- 0 16FH fluoro-N-methylbenzamide0F 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5- NC NN (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)- I l- - 0 313 8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7- F 3 C N N- \/ -N-\_ 611.1 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-N- FH (3-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1- 01- F yl)propyl)-2-fluorobenzamide ) F - 120 - * mass spectrometric data [00207] Compounds disclosed herein are AR modulators. In specific embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are AR inverse agonists, AR antagonists, AR degraders, AR trafficking modulators and/or AR DNA-binding inhibitors. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed 5 herein are AR inverse agonists. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are AR antagonists. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are AR degraders. In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are AR trafficking modulators. In some embodiments, compouds disclosed herein are AR DNA-binding inhibitors. The overall profile of an AR modulator for the treatment of prostate cancer includes one or more of the foregoing 10 profiles of an AR modulator. [00208] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein have the following properties: full AR antagonist in prostate cancer cells, inverse AR agonist in prostate cancer cells, no AR agonist activity in prostate cancer cells, AR Degrader activity in prostate cancer cells, no antagonist or agonist or degrader activity in non- prostate cancer cells, inhibition of prostate 15 cancer growth. [00209] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein have the following properties: full AR antagonist in prostate cancer cells, inverse AR agonist in prostate cancer cells, no AR agonist activity in prostate cancer cells, AR Degrader activity in prostate cancer cells, and inhibition of prostate cancer growth. 20 [00210] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein have the following properties: full AR antagonist in prostate cancer cells, inverse AR agonist in prostate cancer cells, no AR agonist activity in prostate cancer cells, inhibition of prostate cancer growth [00211] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein have the following properties: full AR antagonist in prostate cancer cells, no AR agonist activity in prostate cancer cells, inhibition 25 of prostate cancer growth [00212] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein have the following properties: AR Trafficking Modulator, no AR agonist activity in prostate cancer cells, no antagonist or agonist or degrader activity in non- prostate cancer cells, inhibition of prostate cancer growth [00213] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein have the following properties: AR 30 Trafficking Modulator, no AR agonist activity in prostate cancer cells, inhibition of prostate cancer growth. [00214] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) has minimal pro-convulsant activity and/or minimal impact on seizure threshold. - 121 - [00215] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) displays minimal modulation of the GABA-gated chloride channel. [00216] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), 5 (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) displays minimal binding to the GABA-gated chloride channel. [00217] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) has minimal antagonism of the GABA-gated chloride channel. 10 [00218] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is an androgen receptor modulator with minimal interaction with a GABA-gated chloride channel. [00219] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is an androgen receptor modulator with minimal 15 interaction with the GABAA-gated chloride channel. [00220] GABA assays are known and include, but are not limited to, those described in Ashok K. Mehta and Maharaj K. Ticku "Characterization of the Picrotoxin Site of GABAA Receptors" Current Protocols in Pharmacology (2000) 1.18.1-1.18.17; Copyright C 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., which is herein incorporated by reference. 20 [00221] In some embodiments, described herein is a method of treating cancer in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a thereapuetically effective amount of a compound, wherein the compound: a) is an androgen receptor inverse agonist; androgen receptor antagonist; is an androgen receptor degrader; is an androgen receptor trafficking modulator; is an androgen receptor DNA-binding inhibitor; or combinations thereof; and b) 25 has minimal pro-convulsant activity and/or minimal impact on seizure threshold; displays minimal modulation of the GABA-gated chloride channel; displays minimal binding to the GABA-gated chloride channel; has minimal antagonism of the GABA-gated chloride channel; has minimal interaction with a GABA-gated chloride channel; or combinations thereof. 30 [00222] In some embodiments, the compound has minimal interaction with the GABAA gated chloride channel. In some embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is hormone refractory prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or N-oxide thereof. - 122 - [00223] In some embodiments, described herein is a method of identifying an androgen receptor modulator comprising: 1) testing a compound for androgen receptor modulatory activity in an appropriate assay; and 2) testing the same compound for activity on the GABA-gated chloride channel in an appropriate in vitro or in vivo assay; wherein the 5 compound is an androgen receptor modulator if it exhibits activity in 1) and exhibits any one of the following in 2): displays minimal modulation of the GABA-gated chloride channel; displays minimal binding to the GABA-gated chloride channel; has minimal antagonism of the GABA-gated chloride channel; or has minimal interaction with the GABA-gated chloride channel. 10 Synthesis of Compounds [00224] Compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (TXa) and (X) described herein are synthesized using standard synthetic techniques or using methods known in the art in combination with methods described herein. In additions, solvents, temperatures and other reaction conditions presented herein may vary. 15 [00225] The starting material used for the synthesis of the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are either synthesized or obtained from commercial sources, such as, but not limited to, Sigma-Aldrich, Fluka, Acros Organics, Alfa Aesar, and the like. The compounds described herein, and other related compounds having different substituents are synthesized using techniques and materials 20 described herein or otherwise known, including those found in March, ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 4t Ed., (Wiley 1992); Carey and Sundberg, ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 4 Ed., Vols. A and B (Plenum 2000, 2001), and Green and Wuts, PROTECTIVE GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 3 rd Ed., (Wiley 1999). General methods for the preparation of compounds can be modified by the use of appropriate reagents and conditions for the introduction of the 25 various moieties found in the formulae as provided herein. [00226] In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are prepared as outlined in the following Scheme. Scheme 1: (RA)m

(R

4 ), R 1 A NH 2 (RA)m S B R 5 R5 N H 2 5' R B NH CN N IV - 123 - [00227] In some embodiments, amines of structure I are treated with ketones or aldehydes R 1 C(=O)-Rl in the presence of NaCN, in a suitable solvent to provide compounds of structure II. In some embodiments, the suitable solvent is acetic acid. In some embodiments, the reaction is performed at a temperature from about 25'C to about 80C. 5 [00228] In some embodiments, compounds of structure II are treated with thiophosgene and compounds of structure III in a suitable solvent, followed by treated with an acid to provide thiohydantions of structure IV. In some embodiments, the suitable solvent is dimethylacetamide. In some embodiments, the reaction is heated to about 60C. In some embodiments, treatment with an acid encompasses treatment with hydrochloric acid. In some 10 embodiments, treatment with an acid encompasses treatment with HCl, MeOH, at reflux for 2h. [00229] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are prepared as outlined in Scheme 2. Scheme 2 (RAm OH 0 A4~ N 40H N R L2R V VI 15 [00230] In some embodiments, compounds of structure V are elaborated into compounds of structure VI by reacting compounds of structure V with electrophiles or nucleophiles in the presence of a coupling agent. For example, in some embodiments, compounds of structure V are treated with compounds such as R 6

-L

2 -OH in the presence of DIAD and PPh 3 in a suitable solvent to provide compounds of structure VI. In some embodiments, the suitable solvent is 20 tetrahydrofurn. [00231] In some embodiments, compounds disclosed herein are prepared as outlined in Scheme 3. Scheme 3 000 (RA)m S Am S OH (RA)m S L2- R A N R R4 N R RN R R4 VII VIII D 25 - 124 - [00232] Treatment of esters of structure VII with a suitable base in a suitable solvent provides carboxylic acids of structure VIII. In some embodiments, the suitable base is lithium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the suitable solvent is tetrahydrofuran. Carboxylic acids of structure VIII are then coupled with a variety of agents to provide compounds disclosed herein. 5 In some embodiments, carboxylic acids of structure VIII are reated with amines R 6

-L

2

-NH

2 in the presence of a coupling reagent to provide amides of structure IX. In some embodiments, carboxylic acids of structure VIII are reated with alcohols R 6

-L

2 -OH in the presence of a coupling reagent to provide esters as described herein. In some embodiments, the coupling reagent is EDC, DCC, BOP, HATU or the like. In some embodiments, the coupling reaction is 10 performed in a solvent selected from dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, dimethylformamide or the like in the presence of a base. Suitable bases include, but are not limited to, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine or the like. [00233] In one aspect, compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), 15 (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are synthesized as outlined in the Examples. [00234] Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof are chosen by one skilled in the field to provide stable moieties and compounds. [00235] A detailed description of techniques applicable to the creation of protecting groups and their removal are described in Greene and Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd 20 Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1999, and Kocienski, Protective Groups, Thieme Verlag, New York, NY, 1994, which are incorporated herein by reference for such disclosure. Further Forms of Compounds [00236] In one aspect, compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) possess one or more stereocenters and each stereocenter exists 25 independently in either the R or S configuration. The compounds presented herein include all diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as the appropriate mixtures thereof The compounds and methods provided herein include all cis, trans, syn, anti, entgegen (E), and zusammen (Z) isomers as well as the appropriate mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and 30 (X) are prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to form a pair of diastereoisomeric compounds/salts, separating the diastereomers and recovering the optically pure enantiomers. In some embodiments, resolution of enantiomers is carried out using covalent diastereomeric derivatives of the compounds described herein. In another embodiment, diastereomers are 35 seprated by separation/resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. In other - 125 embodiments, separation of steroisomers is performed by chromatography or by the forming diastereomeric salts and separation by recrystallization, or chromatography, or any combination thereof Jean Jacques, Andre Collet, Samuel H. Wilen, "Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions", John Wiley And Sons, Inc., 1981. In some embodiments, stereoisomers are 5 obtained by stereoselective synthesis. [00237] The methods and compositions described herein include the use of amorphous forms as well as crystalline forms (also known as polymorphs). In one aspect, compounds described herein are in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. As well, active metabolites of these compounds having the same type of activity are included in the scope of the present disclosure. 10 In addition, the compounds described herein can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. The solvated forms of the compounds presented herein are also considered to be disclosed herein. [00238] In some embodiments, compounds described herein are prepared as prodrugs. A "prodrug" refers to an agent that is converted into the parent drug in vivo. Prodrugs are often 15 useful because, in some situations, they may be easier to administer than the parent drug. They may, for instance, be bioavailable by oral administration whereas the parent is not. The prodrug may also have improved solubility in pharmaceutical compositions over the parent drug. In some embodiments, the design of a prodrug increases the effective water solubility. An example, without limitation, of a prodrug is a compound described herein, which is 20 administered as an ester (the "prodrug") to facilitate transmittal across a cell membrane where water solubility is detrimental to mobility but which then is metabolically hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid, the active entity, once inside the cell where water-solubility is beneficial. A further example of a prodrug might be a short peptide (polyaminoacid) bonded to an acid group where the peptide is metabolized to reveal the active moiety. In certain embodiments, upon in 25 vivo administration, a prodrug is chemically converted to the biologically, pharmaceutically or therapeutically active form of the compound. In certain embodiments, a prodrug is enzymatically metabolized by one or more steps or processes to the biologically, pharmaceutically or therapeutically active form of the compound. [00239] In one aspect, prodrugs are designed to alter the metabolic stability or the transport 30 characteristics of a drug, to mask side effects or toxicity, to improve the flavor of a drug or to alter other characteristics or properties of a drug. By virtue of knowledge of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic processes and drug metabolism in vivo, once a pharmaceutically active compound is known, the design prodrugs of the compound is possible. (see, for example, Nogrady (1985) Medicinal Chemistry A Biochemical Approach, Oxford University Press, New 35 York, pages 388-392; Silverman (1992), The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug - 126 - Action, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, pages 352-401, Rooseboom et al., Pharmacological Reviews, 56:53-102, 2004; Aesop Cho, "Recent Advances in Oral Prodrug Discovery", Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 41, 395-407, 2006; T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series). 5 [00240] Prodrug forms of the herein described compounds, wherein the prodrug is metabolized in vivo to produce a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) as set forth herein are included within the scope of the claims. In some cases, some of the herein-described compounds may be a prodrug for another derivative or active compound. 10 [00241] In some embodiments, sites on the aromatic ring portion of compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are susceptible to various metabolic reactions Therefore incorporation of appropriate substituents on the aromatic ring structures will reduce, minimize or eliminate this metabolic pathway. In specific embodiments, the appropriate substituent to decrease or eliminate the susceptibility of the 15 aromatic ring to metabolic reactions is, by way of example only, a halogen, or an alkyl group. [00242] In another embodiment, the compounds described herein are labeled isotopically (e.g. with a radioisotope) or by another other means, including, but not limited to, the use of chromophores or fluorescent moieties, bioluminescent labels, or chemiluminescent labels. [00243] Compounds described herein include isotopically-labeled compounds, which are 20 identical to those recited in the various formulae and structures presented herein, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the present compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine, such as, for example, 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 180, 17o, 25 35 S, 18 F, 36 Cl. In one aspect, isotopically-labeled compounds described herein, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3 H and 14 C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. In one aspect, substitution with isotopes such as deuterium affords certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, such as, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements. 30 [00244] In additional or further embodiments, the compounds described herein are metabolized upon administration to an organism in need to produce a metabolite that is then used to produce a desired effect, including a desired therapeutic effect. [00245] "Pharmaceutically acceptable," as used herein, refers a material, such as a carrier or diluent, which does not abrogate the biological activity or properties of the compound, and is 35 relatively nontoxic, i.e., the material may be administered to an individual without causing - 127 undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the components of the composition in which it is contained. [00246] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to a formulation of a compound that does not cause significant irritation to an organism to which it is administered and does not 5 abrogate the biological activity and properties of the compound. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are obtained by reacting a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) with acids. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also obtained by reacting a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) with a base to form a salt. 10 [00247] Compounds described herein may be formed as, and/or used as, pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The type of pharmaceutical acceptable salts, include, but are not limited to: (1) acid addition salts, formed by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable: inorganic acid, such as, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, and the like; or with an 15 organic acid, such as, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic 20 acid, toluenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo-[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-1 carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 4,4'-methylenebis-(3-hydroxy-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid), 3 phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, muconic acid, butyric acid, phenylacetic acid, phenylbutyric acid, valproic acid, and the like; (2) salts formed 25 when an acidic proton present in the parent compound is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion (e.g. lithium, sodium, potassium), an alkaline earth ion (e.g. magnesium, or calcium), or an aluminum ion. In some cases, compounds described herein may coordinate with an organic base, such as, but not limited to, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, N-methylglucamine, dicyclohexylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine. In 30 other cases, compounds described herein may form salts with amino acids such as, but not limited to, arginine, lysine, and the like. Acceptable inorganic bases used to form salts with compounds that include an acidic proton, include, but are not limited to, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and the like. [00248] It should be understood that a reference to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt includes 35 the solvent addition forms or crystal forms thereof, particularly solvates or polymorphs. - 128 - Solvates contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of a solvent, and may be formed during the process of crystallization with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. Hydrates are formed when the solvent is water, or alcoholates are formed when the solvent is alcohol. Solvates of compounds described herein can be 5 conveniently prepared or formed during the processes described herein. In addition, the compounds provided herein can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the compounds and methods provided herein. [00249] Compounds described herein, such as compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), 10 (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X), may be in various forms, including but not limited to, amorphous forms, milled forms and nano-particulate forms. In addition, compounds described herein include crystalline forms, also known as polymorphs. Polymorphs include the different crystal packing arrangements of the same elemental composition of a compound. Polymorphs usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, melting points, density, hardness, 15 crystal shape, optical properties, stability, and solubility. Various factors such as the recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, and storage temperature may cause a single crystal form to dominate. Certain Terminology [00250] Unless otherwise stated, the following terms used in this application, including the 20 specification and claims, have the definitions given below. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless otherwise indicated, conventional methods of mass spectroscopy, NMR, HPLC, protein chemistry, biochemistry, recombinant DNA techniques and pharmacology are employed. In this application, the use of "or" or "and" 25 means "and/or" unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, use of the term "including" as well as other forms, such as "include", "includes," and "included," is not limiting. The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described. [00251] An "alkyl" group refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The alkyl group may be a 30 saturated alkyl group or the the alkyl group may be an unsaturated alkyl group. The alkyl moiety, whether saturated or unsaturated, may be branched or straight chain. The "alkyl" group may have I to 10 carbon atoms (whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as "1 to 10" refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., "1 to 10 carbon atoms" means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 10 35 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term "alkyl" - 129 where no numerical range is designated). In one aspect the alkyl is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, and t-butyl. Typical alkyl groups include, but are in no way limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, allyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, and the 5 like. In some embodiments, an alkyl is a Ci-C 6 alkyl. [00252] The term "alkylene" refers to a divalent alkyl radical. Any of the above mentioned monovalent alkyl groups may be an alkylene by abstraction of a second hydrogen atom from the alkyl. In one aspect, an alkelene is a Ci-Cioalkylene. In another apsect, an alkylene is a C 1 C 6 alkylene. Typical alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, -CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )-, 10 C(CH 3

)

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH(CH

3 )-, -CH 2

C(CH

3

)

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2 -, CH 2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2 -, and the like. [00253] An "alkoxy" group refers to a (alkyl)O- group, where alkyl is as defined herein. [00254] The term "alkylamine" refers to the -N(alkyl).Hy group, where x and y are selected from the group x=1, y--1 and x=2, y--O. 15 [00255] The term "aromatic" refers to a planar ring having a delocalized 7U-electron system containing 4n+2 7u electrons, where n is an integer. Aromatic rings can be formed from five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more than ten atoms. Aromatics are optionally substituted. The term "aromatic" includes both carbocyclic aryl ("aryl", e.g., phenyl) and heterocyclic aryl (or "heteroaryl" or "heteroaromatic") groups (e.g., pyridine). The term includes monocyclic or 20 fused-ring polycyclic (i.e., rings which share adjacent pairs of carbon atoms) groups. [00256] The term "carbocyclic" or "carbocycle" refers to a ring or ring system where the atoms forming the backbone of the ring are all carbon atoms. The term thus distinguishes carbocyclic from heterocyclic rings in which the ring backbone contains at least one atom which is different from carbon. 25 [00257] As used herein, the term "aryl" refers to an aromatic ring wherein each of the atoms forming the ring is a carbon atom. Aryl rings are formed by five, six, seven, eight, nine, or more than nine carbon atoms. Aryl groups are optionally substituted. In one aspect, an aryl is a phenyl or a naphthalenyl. In one aspect, an aryl is a phenyl. In one aspect, an aryl is a C 6 -Cioaryl. Depending on the structure, an aryl group can be a monoradical or a diradical (i.e., an arylene 30 group). Examplary arylenes include, but are not limited to, phenyl-1,2-ene, phenyl-1,3-ene, and phenyl- 1,4-ene. [00258] The term "cycloalkyl" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, non-aromatic radical, wherein each of the atoms forming the ring (i.e. skeletal atoms) is a carbon atom. Cycloalkyls may be saturated, or partially unsaturated. Cycloalkyls may be fused with an 35 aromatic ring, and the point of attachment is at a carbon that is not an aromatic ring carbon - 130 atom. Cycloalkyl groups include groups having from 3 to 10 ring atoms. In some embodiments, cycloalkyl groups are selected from among cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Cycloalkyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. Depending on the structure, a cycloalkyl group can be a monoradical or a 5 diradical (i.e., an cycloalkylene group, such as, but not limited to, cyclopropan-1,1-diyl, cyclobutan-1,1-diyl, cyclopentan-1,1-diyl, cyclohexan-1,1-diyl, cyclohexan-1,4-diyl, cycloheptan-1,1-diyl, and the like). In one aspect, a cycloalkyl is a C 3

-C

6 cycloalkyl. [00259] The term "halo" or, alternatively, "halogen" or "halide" means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. 10 [00260] The term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more halide atoms. In one aspect, a haloalkyl is a C1-C 6 haloalkyl. [00261] The term "haloalkylene" refers to an alkylene group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more halide atoms. In one aspect, a haloalkylene is a C 1 C 6 haloalkylene. 15 [00262] The term "fluoroalkyl" refers to an alkyl in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a fluorine atom. In one aspect, a fluoralkyl is a C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl. [00263] The term "fluoroalkylene" refers to an alkylene in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a fluorine atom. In one aspect, a fluoralkylene is a C 1

-C

6 fluoroalkylene. [00264] The term "heteroalkyl" refers to an alkyl group in which one or more skeletal atoms of 20 the alkyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g. -NH-, N(alkyl)-, sulfur, or combinations thereof. In one aspect, a heteroalkyl is a C 1

-C

6 heteroalkyl. [00265] The term "heteroalkylene" refers to an alkylene group in which one or more skeletal atoms of the alkyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or combinations thereof In one aspect, a heteroalkylene is a C 1

-C

6 heteroalkylene. 25 Examplary heteroalkylenes include, but are not limited to, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(CH 3 )-, -OC(CH 3

)

2 -, OCH 2

CH

2 -, -OCH 2

CH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 0-, -CH(CH 3 )O-, -C(CH 3

)

2 0-, -CH 2

CH

2 0-, -CH 2

OCH

2 -, CH 2

OCH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

OCH

2 -, -SCH 2 -, -SCH(CH 3 )-, -SC(CH 3

)

2 -, -SCH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 S-, CH(CH 3 )S-, -C(CH 3

)

2 S-, -CH 2

CH

2 S-, -CH 2

SCH

2 -, -CH 2

SCH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

SCH

2 -, -SO 2

CH

2 -,

-SO

2

CH(CH

3 )-, -SO 2

C(CH

3

)

2 -, -SO 2

CH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

SO

2 -, -CH(CH 3

)SO

2 -, -C(CH 3

)

2

SO

2 -, 30 CH 2

CH

2

SO

2 -, -CH 2

SO

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

SO

2

CH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

SO

2

CH

2 -, -NHCH 2 -, -NHCH(CH 3 )-,

-NHC(CH

3

)

2 -, -NHCH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 NH-, -CH(CH 3 )NH-, -C(CH 3

)

2 NH-, -CH 2

CH

2 NH-, CH 2

NHCH

2 -, -CH 2

NHCH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2

CH

2

NHCH

2 -, and the like. [00266] The term "heterocycle" or "heterocyclic" refers to heteroaromatic rings (also known as heteroaryls) and heterocycloalkyl rings (also known as heteroalicyclic groups) containing one to 35 four heteroatoms in the ring(s), where each heteroatom in the ring(s) is selected from 0, S and - 131 - N, wherein each heterocyclic group has from 4 to 10 atoms in its ring system, and with the proviso that the any ring does not contain two adjacent 0 or S atoms. Non-aromatic heterocyclic groups (also known as heterocycloalkyls) include groups having only 3 atoms in their ring system, but aromatic heterocyclic groups must have at least 5 atoms in their ring system. The 5 heterocyclic groups include benzo-fused ring systems. An example of a 3-membered heterocyclic group is aziridinyl. An example of a 4-membered heterocyclic group is azetidinyl. An example of a 5-membered heterocyclic group is thiazolyl. An example of a 6-membered heterocyclic group is pyridyl, and an example of a 10-membered heterocyclic group is quinolinyl. Examples of non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 10 dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, oxazolidinonyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, homopiperidinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, pyrrolin-2-yl, pyrrolin-3-yl, indolinyl, 2H pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl, 15 dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3 azabicyclo[3. 1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4. 1.0]heptanyl, 3H-indolyl and quinolizinyl. Examples of aromatic heterocyclic groups are pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, 20 indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, and furopyridinyl. The foregoing groups may be C attached (or C-linked) or N-attached where such is possible. For instance, a group derived from pyrrole may be pyrrol-1-yl (N-attached) or pyrrol-3-yl (C-attached). Further, a group derived 25 from imidazole may be imidazol-1-yl or imidazol-3-yl (both N-attached) or imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl or imidazol-5-yl (all C-attached). The heterocyclic groups include benzo-fused ring systems. Non-aromatic heterocycles may ber substituted with one or two oxo (=0) moieties, such as pyrrolidin-2-one. [00267] The terms "heteroaryl" or, alternatively, "heteroaromatic" refers to an aryl group that 30 includes one or more ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Illustrative examples of heteroaryl groups include the following moieties: N N N" N - 13 -O N - 132 - N N'- N '<-N N N N NN CON N N N 0N N~ - N N and the like. Monocyche 5 heteroaryls include pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, and furazanyl. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl contains 0-3 N atoms in the ring. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl contains 1-3 N atoms in the ring. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl contains 0-3 N atoms, 0-1 0 atoms, and 0-1 S atoms in the ring. In 10 some embodiments, a heteroaryl is a monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl. In some embodiments, heteroaryl is a C1-C 9 heteroaryl. In some embodiments, monocyclic heteroaryl is a C1 Csheteroaryl. In some embodiments, monocyclic heteroaryl is a 5-membered or 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, bicyclic heteroaryl is a C 6

-C

9 heteroaryl. Depending on the structure, a heteroaryl group can be a monoradical or a diradical (i.e., a heteroarylene group). 15 [00268] A "heterocycloalkyl" or "heteroalicyclic" group refers to a cycloalkyl group that includes at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The radicals may be fused with an aryl or heteroaryl. Illustrative examples of heterocycloalkyl groups, also referred to as non-aromatic heterocycles, include: 0\/ oC/ 0\ S N N N r N OO O N~ N ,, N N i N 200 N and the like. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxazolidinonyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, and indolinyl. In some embodiments, - 133 the heterocycloalkyl is pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, or piperazinyl. The term heteroalicyclic also includes all ring forms of the carbohydrates, including but not limited to the monosaccharides, the disaccharides and the oligosaccharides. In one aspect, a heterocycloalkyl 5 is a C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl. In another aspect, a heterocycloalkyl is a C 4 -Cioheterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, a heterocycloalkyl contains 0-2 N atoms in the ring. In some embodiments, a heterocycloalkyl contains 0-2 N atoms, 0-2 0 atoms and 0-1 S atoms in the ring. [00269] The term "bond" or "single bond" refers to a chemical bond between two atoms, or two moieties when the atoms joined by the bond are considered to be part of larger substructure. In 10 one aspect, when a group described herein is a bond, the referenced group is absent thereby allowing a bond to be formed between the remaining identified groups. [00270] The term "moiety" refers to a specific segment or functional group of a molecule. Chemical moieties are often recognized chemical entities embedded in or appended to a molecule. 15 [00271] As used herein, "carboxylic acid bioisostere" refers to a functional group or moiety that exhibits similar physical, biological and/or chemical properties as a carboxylic acid moiety. Examples of carboxylic acid bioisosteres include, but are not limited to, 0 0 NO ,OH -CN IN N'O N'SN N N' N' N ,N H H H H- H OH N , \OH OH OH 0 and the like. 20 [00272] The term "optionally substituted" or "substituted" means that the referenced group may be substituted with one or more additional group(s) individually and independently selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylsulfoxide, arylsulfoxide, alkylsulfone, arylsulfone, cyano, halo, nitro, haloalkyl, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkoxy, and amino, including mono- and di-substituted amino groups, and the 25 protected derivatives thereof By way of example optional substituents are independently selected from halide, -CN, -NO 2 , and -LR, wherein each L is independently selected from a bond, -0-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0)2-, -NH-, -NHC(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, S(=0) 2 NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 , -OC(=O)NH-, -NHC(=O)O-, or -(C1-C 6 alkylene)-; and each R is selected from H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl. 30 In some embodiments, optional substituents are independently selected from halogen, -CN, NH 2 , -NH(CH 3 ), -N(CH 3

)

2 , -OH, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, - 134 aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylsulfoxide, arylsulfoxide, alkylsulfone, and arylsulfone. In some embodiments, optional substituents are independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NH 2 , -NH(CH 3 ), -N(CH 3

)

2 , -OH, -CO 2 H, -CO 2 alkyl, -C(=O)alkyl, -C(=O)NH 2 , C(=O)NH(alkyl), -C(=O)N(alkyl) 2 , -S(=0) 2

NH

2 , -S(=O) 2 NH(alkyl), -S(=O) 2 N(alkyl) 2 , alkyl, 5 cycloalkyl, fluoroalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, -S-alkyl, or -S(=O) 2 alkyl. In some embodiments, optional substituents are independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NH 2 , NH(CH 3 ), -N(CH 3

)

2 , -OH, -CO 2 H, -CO 2 alkyl, -C(=O)alkyl, -C(=O)NH 2 , -C(=O)NH(alkyl), C(=O)N(alkyl) 2 , alkyl, cycloalkyl, fluoroalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, and fluoroalkoxy. In some embodiments, optional substituents are independently selected from halogen, -CN, -NH 2 , -OH, 10 NH(CH 3 ), -N(CH 3

)

2 , -CH 3 , -CH 2

CH

3 , -CF 3 , -CH 2

CF

3 , -OCH 3 , -OCH 2

CH

3 , and -OCF 3 . In some embodiments, substituted groups are substituted with one or two of the preceding groups. In some embodiments, an optional substituent on an aliphatic carbon atom (acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon atoms, excluding aromatic carbon atoms) includes oxo (=0). [00273] In certain embodiments, the compounds presented herein possess one or more 15 stereocenters and each center independently exists in either the R or S configuration. The compounds presented herein include all diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as the appropriate mixtures thereof. Stereoisomers are obtained, if desired, by methods such as, stereoselective synthesis and/or the separation of stereoisomers by chiral chromatographic columns. 20 [00274] The methods and formulations described herein include the use of N-oxides (if appropriate), crystalline forms (also known as polymorphs), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds having the structure of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), as well as active metabolites of these compounds having the same type of activity. In some situations, compounds may exist as tautomers. All tautomers are 25 included within the scope of the compounds presented herein. In specific embodiments, the compounds described herein exist in solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. In other embodiments, the compounds described herein exist in unsolvated form. [00275] The term "acceptable" with respect to a formulation, composition or ingredient, as used 30 herein, means having no persistent detrimental effect on the general health of the subject being treated. [00276] The term "modulate" as used herein, means to interact with a target either directly or indirectly so as to alter the activity of the target, including, by way of example only, to enhance the activity of the target, to inhibit the activity of the target, to limit the activity of the target, or 35 to extend the activity of the target. - 135 - [00277] The term "modulator" as used herein, refers to a molecule that interacts with a target either directly or indirectly. The interactions include, but are not limited to, the interactions of an agonist, partial agonist, an inverse agonist, antagonist, degrader, AR trafficking modulator, AR DNA-binding inhibitor. In some embodiments, a modulator is an antagonist. In some 5 embodiments, a modulator is an inverse agonist, antagonist, degrader, AR trafficking modulator and/or a DNA binding inhibitor. [00278] The term "antagonist" as used herein, refers to a small -molecule agent that binds to a nuclear hormone receptor and subsequently decreases the agonist induced transcriptional activity of the nuclear hormone receptor. 10 [00279] The term "agonist" as used herein, refers to a small-molecule agent that binds to a nuclear hormone receptor and subsequently increases nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional activity in the absence of a known agonist. [00280] The term "inverse agonist" as used herein, refers to a small-molecule agent that binds to a nuclear hormone receptor and subsequently decreases the basal level of nuclear hormone 15 receptor transcriptional activity that is present in the absence of a known agonist. [00281] The term "degrader" as used herein, refers to a small molecule agent that binds to a nuclear hormone receptor and subsequently lowers the steady state protein levels of said receptor. [00282] The term "AR trafficking modulator" as used herein, refers to a small-molecule agent 20 that binds to a nuclear hormone receptor and subsequently alters the normal subcellular location of the receptor thereby interfering with its function and signaling. [00283] The term "DNA-binding inhibitor" as used herein, refers to a small-molecule agent that binds to a nuclear hormone receptor and subsequently prevents DNA binding of the receptor thereby interfering with its function and signaling. 25 [00284] The term "AR-dependent", as used herein, refers to diseases or conditions that would not occur, or would not occur to the same extent, in the absence of androgen receptors. [00285] The term "AR-mediated", as used herein, refers to diseases or conditions that might occur in the absence of androgen receptors but can occur in the presence of androgen receptors. [00286] "Selective" with respect to androgen receptors means that the compound preferentially 30 binds to androgen receptors versus other nuclear receptors. In some embodiments, a selective androgen receptor modulator preferentially binds to androgen receptors and displays little, if any, affinity to other nuclear receptors. [00287] The term "cancer" as used herein refers to an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to metastasize (spread). - 136 - [00288] The terms "co-administration" or the like, as used herein, are meant to encompass administration of the selected therapeutic agents to a single patient, and are intended to include treatment regimens in which the agents are administered by the same or different route of administration or at the same or different time. 5 [00289] The terms "effective amount" or "therapeutically effective amount," as used herein, refer to a sufficient amount of an agent or a compound being administered which will relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms of the disease or condition being treated. The result can be reduction and/or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease, or any other desired alteration of a biological system. For example, an "effective amount" for therapeutic 10 uses is the amount of the composition comprising a compound as disclosed herein required to provide a clinically significant decrease in disease symptoms. An appropriate "effective" amount in any individual case may be determined using techniques, such as a dose escalation study. [00290] The terms "enhance" or "enhancing," as used herein, means to increase or prolong 15 either in potency or duration a desired effect. Thus, in regard to enhancing the effect of therapeutic agents, the term "enhancing" refers to the ability to increase or prolong, either in potency or duration, the effect of other therapeutic agents on a system. An "enhancing-effective amount," as used herein, refers to an amount adequate to enhance the effect of another therapeutic agent in a desired system. 20 [00291] The term "pharmaceutical combination" as used herein, means a product that results from the mixing or combining of more than one active ingredient and includes both fixed and non-fixed combinations of the active ingredients. The term "fixed combination" means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient simultaneously in 25 the form of a single entity or dosage. The term "non-fixed combination" means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) and a co-agent, are administered to a patient as separate entities either simultaneously, concurrently or sequentially with no specific intervening time limits, wherein such administration provides effective levels of the two compounds in the body of the patient. 30 The latter also applies to cocktail therapy, e.g. the administration of three or more active ingredients. [00292] The terms "kit" and "article of manufacture" are used as synonyms. [00293] A "metabolite" of a compound disclosed herein is a derivative of that compound that is formed when the compound is metabolized. The term "active metabolite" refers to a 35 biologically active derivative of a compound that is formed when the compound is metabolized. - 137 - The term "metabolized," as used herein, refers to the sum of the processes (including, but not limited to, hydrolysis reactions and reactions catalyzed by enzymes) by which a particular substance is changed by an organism. Thus, enzymes may produce specific structural alterations to a compound. For example, cytochrome P450 catalyzes a variety of oxidative and reductive 5 reactions while uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferases catalyze the transfer of an activated glucuronic-acid molecule to aromatic alcohols, aliphatic alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines and free sulphydryl groups. Metabolites of the compounds disclosed herein are optionally identified either by administration of compounds to a host and analysis of tissue samples from the host, or by incubation of compounds with hepatic cells in vitro and analysis of the resulting compounds. 10 [00294] The term "subject" or "patient" encompasses mammals. Examples of mammals include, but are not limited to, any member of the Mammalian class: humans, non-human primates such as chimpanzees, and other apes and monkey species; farm animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine; domestic animals such as rabbits, dogs, and cats; laboratory animals including rodents, such as rats, mice and guinea pigs, and the like. In one embodiment, the mammal is a 15 human. [00295] The terms "treat," "treating" or "treatment," as used herein, include alleviating, abating or ameliorating at least one symptom of a disease disease or condition, preventing additional symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, 20 relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition either prophylactically and/or therapeutically. Routes of Administration [00296] Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, rectal, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, transmucosal, transdermal, vaginal, otic, 25 nasal, and topical administration. In addition, by way of example only, parenteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intralymphatic, and intranasal injections. [00297] In certain embodiments, a compound as described herein is administered in a local rather than systemic manner, for example, via injection of the compound directly into an organ, 30 often in a depot preparation or sustained release formulation. In specific embodiments, long acting formulations are administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the drug is delivered in a targeted drug delivery system, for example, in a liposome coated with organ-specific antibody. In such embodiments, the liposomes are targeted to and taken up 35 selectively by the organ. In yet other embodiments, the compound as described herein is - 138 provided in the form of a rapid release formulation, in the form of an extended release formulation, or in the form of an intermediate release formulation. In yet other embodiments, the compound described herein is administered topically. Pharmaceutical Compositions/Formulations 5 [00298] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions. Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable inactive ingredients that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations that can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. A summary of 10 pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be found, for example, in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Ed (Easton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Company, 1995); Hoover, John E., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania 1975; Liberman, H.A. and Lachman, L., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N.Y., 1980; and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery 15 Systems, Seventh Ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1999), herein incorporated by reference for such disclosure. [00299] Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions that include a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable inactive ingredient. In some embodiments, the compounds 20 described herein are administered as pharmaceutical compositions in which a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is mixed with other active ingredients, as in combination therapy. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions include other medicinal or pharmaceutical agents, carriers, adjuvants, preserving, stabilizing, wetting or emulsifying agents, solution promoters, salts for 25 regulating the osmotic pressure, and/or buffers. In yet other embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions include other therapeutically valuable substances. [00300] A pharmaceutical composition, as used herein, refers to a mixture of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) with other chemical components (i.e. pharmaceutically acceptable inactive ingredients), such as carriers, 30 excipients, binders, filling agents, suspending agents, flavoring agents, sweetening agents, disintegrating agents, dispersing agents, surfactants, lubricants, colorants, diluents, solubilizers, moistening agents, plasticizers, stabilizers, penetration enhancers, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents, antioxidants, preservatives, or one or more combination thereof. The pharmaceutical composition facilitates administration of the compound to a mammal. - 139 - [00301] A therapeutically effective amount can vary widely depending on the severity of the disease, the age and relative health of the subject, the potency of the compound used and other factors. The compounds can be used singly or in combination with one or more therapeutic agents as components of mixtures. 5 [00302] The pharmaceutical formulations described herein are administered to a subject by appropriate administration routes, including but not limited to, oral, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular), intranasal, buccal, topical, rectal, or transdermal administration routes. The pharmaceutical formulations described herein include, but are not limited to, aqueous liquid dispersions, self-emulsifying dispersions, solid solutions, liposomal 10 dispersions, aerosols, solid dosage forms, powders, immediate release formulations, controlled release formulations, fast melt formulations, tablets, capsules, pills, delayed release formulations, extended release formulations, pulsatile release formulations, multiparticulate formulations, and mixed immediate and controlled release formulations. [00303] Pharmaceutical compositions including a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), 15 (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) are manufactured in a conventional manner, such as, by way of example only, by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or compression processes. [00304] The pharmaceutical compositions will include at least one compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) as an active ingredient in 20 free-acid or free-base form, or in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. In addition, the methods and pharmaceutical compositions described herein include the use of N-oxides (if appropriate), crystalline forms, amorphous phases, as well as active metabolites of these compounds having the same type of activity. In some embodiments, compounds described herein exist in unsolvated form or in solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents 25 such as water, ethanol, and the like. The solvated forms of the compounds presented herein are also considered to be disclosed herein. [00305] The pharmaceutical compositions described herein, which include a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) are formulated into any suitable dosage form, including but not limited to, aqueous oral dispersions, 30 liquids, gels, syrups, elixirs, slurries, suspensions, solid oral dosage forms, controlled release formulations, fast melt formulations, effervescent formulations, lyophilized formulations, tablets, powders, pills, dragees, capsules, delayed release formulations, extended release formulations, pulsatile release formulations, multiparticulate formulations, and mixed immediate release and controlled release formulations. - 140 - [00306] Pharmaceutical preparations that are administered orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. The push-fit capsules contain the active ingredients in admixture with filler such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, 5 optionally, stabilizers. In some embodiments, the push-fit capsules do not include any other ingredient besides the capsule shell and the active ingredient. In soft capsules, the active compounds are dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols. In some embodiments, stabilizers are added. [00307] All formulations for oral administration are in dosages suitable for such administration. 10 [00308] In one aspect, solid oral soage forms are prepared by mixing a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) with one or more of the following: antioxidants, flavoring agents, and carrier materials such as binders, suspending agents, disintegration agents, filling agents, surfactants, solubilizers, stabilizers, lubricants, wetting agents, and diluents. 15 [00309] In some embodiments, the solid dosage forms disclosed herein are in the form of a tablet, (including a suspension tablet, a fast-melt tablet, a bite-disintegration tablet, a rapid disintegration tablet, an effervescent tablet, or a caplet), a pill, a powder, a capsule, solid dispersion, solid solution, bioerodible dosage form, controlled release formulations, pulsatile release dosage forms, multiparticulate dosage forms, beads, pellets, granules. In other 20 embodiments, the pharmaceutical formulation is in the form of a powder. In still other embodiments, the pharmaceutical formulation is in the form of a tablet. In other embodiments, pharmaceutical formulations of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is in the form of a capsule. [00310] In some embodiments, solid dosage forms, e.g., tablets, effervescent tablets, and 25 capsules, are prepared by mixing particles of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) with one or more pharmaceutical excipients to form a bulk blend composition. The bulk blend is readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms, such as tablets, pills, and capsules. In some embodiments, the individual unit dosages include film coatings. These formulations are manufactured by conventional 30 formulation techniques. [00311] Conventional formulation techniques include, e.g., one or a combination of methods: (1) dry mixing, (2) direct compression, (3) milling, (4) dry or non-aqueous granulation, (5) wet granulation, or (6) fusion. Other methods include, e.g., spray drying, pan coating, melt granulation, granulation, fluidized bed spray drying or coating (e.g., wurster coating), tangential 35 coating, top spraying, tableting, extruding and the like. - 141 - [00312] In some embodiments, tablets will include a film surrounding the final compressed tablet. In some embodiments, the film coating can provide a delayed release of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) from the formulation. In other embodiments, the film coating aids in patient compliance (e.g., Opadry* 5 coatings or sugar coating). Film coatings including Opadry* typically range from about 1% to about 3% of the tablet weight. [00313] A capsule may be prepared, for example, by placing the bulk blend of the formulation of the compound described above, inside of a capsule. In some embodiments, the formulations (non-aqueous suspensions and solutions) are placed in a soft gelatin capsule. In other 10 embodiments, the formulations are placed in standard gelatin capsules or non-gelatin capsules such as capsules comprising HPMC. In other embodiments, the formulation is placed in a sprinkle capsule, wherein the capsule is swallowed whole or the capsule is opened and the contents sprinkled on food prior to eating. [00314] In various embodiments, the particles of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), 15 (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) and one or more excipients are dry blended and compressed into a mass, such as a tablet, having a hardness sufficient to provide a pharmaceutical composition that substantially disintegrates within less than about 30 minutes, less than about 35 minutes, less than about 40 minutes, less than about 45 minutes, less than about 50 minutes, less than about 55 minutes, or less than about 60 minutes, after oral 20 administration, thereby releasing the formulation into the gastrointestinal fluid. [00315] In other embodiments, a powder including a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is formulated to include one or more pharmaceutical excipients and flavors. Such a powder is prepared, for example, by mixing the the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) 25 or (X) and optional pharmaceutical excipients to form a bulk blend composition. Additional embodiments also include a suspending agent and/or a wetting agent. This bulk blend is uniformly subdivided into unit dosage packaging or multi-dosage packaging units. [00316] In still other embodiments, effervescent powders are also prepared. Effervescent salts have been used to disperse medicines in water for oral administration. 30 [00317] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms are formulated to provide a controlled release of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X). Controlled release refers to the release of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) from a dosage form in which it is incorporated according to a desired profile over an 35 extended period of time. Controlled release profiles include, for example, sustained release, - 142 prolonged release, pulsatile release, and delayed release profiles. In contrast to immediate release compositions, controlled release compositions allow delivery of an agent to a subject over an extended period of time according to a predetermined profile. Such release rates can provide therapeutically effective levels of agent for an extended period of time and thereby 5 provide a longer period of pharmacologic response while minimizing side effects as compared to conventional rapid release dosage forms. Such longer periods of response provide for many inherent benefits that are not achieved with the corresponding short acting, immediate release preparations. [00318] In some embodiments, the solid dosage forms described herein are formulated as enteric 10 coated delayed release oral dosage forms, i.e., as an oral dosage form of a pharmaceutical composition as described herein which utilizes an enteric coating to affect release in the small intestine or large intestine. In one aspect, the enteric coated dosage form is a compressed or molded or extruded tablet/mold (coated or uncoated) containing granules, powder, pellets, beads or particles of the active ingredient and/or other composition components, which are themselves 15 coated or uncoated. In one aspect, the enteric coated oral dosage form is in the form of a capsule containing pellets, beads or granules, which include a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) that are coated or uncoated. [00319] Conventional coating techniques such as spray or pan coating are employed to apply coatings. The coating thickness must be sufficient to ensure that the oral dosage form remains 20 intact until the desired site of topical delivery in the intestinal tract is reached. [00320] In other embodiments, the formulations described herein are delivered using a pulsatile dosage form. A pulsatile dosage form is capable of providing one or more immediate release pulses at predetermined time points after a controlled lag time or at specific sites. Exemplary pulsatile dosage forms and methods of their manufacture are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 25 5,011,692, 5,017,381, 5,229,135, 5,840,329 and 5,837,284. In one embodiment, the pulsatile dosage form includes at least two groups of particles, (i.e. multiparticulate) each containing the formulation described herein. The first group of particles provides a substantially immediate dose of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) upon ingestion by a mammal. The first group of particles can be either uncoated or 30 include a coating and/or sealant. In one aspect, the second group of particles comprises coated particles. The coating on the second group of particles provides a delay of from about 2 hours to about 7 hours following ingestion before release of the second dose. Suitable coatings for pharmaceutical compositions are described herein or known in the art. [00321] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical formulations are provided that include particles 35 of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) - 143 or (X) and at least one dispersing agent or suspending agent for oral administration to a subject. The formulations may be a powder and/or granules for suspension, and upon admixture with water, a substantially uniform suspension is obtained. [00322] In one aspect, liquid formulation dosage forms for oral administration are in the form of 5 aqueous suspensions selected from the group including, but not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous oral dispersions, emulsions, solutions, elixirs, gels, and syrups. See, e.g., Singh et al.., Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, 2nd Ed., pp. 754-757 (2002). In addition to the particles of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), the liquid dosage forms include additives, such as: (a) 10 disintegrating agents; (b) dispersing agents; (c) wetting agents; (d) at least one preservative, (e) viscosity enhancing agents, (f) at least one sweetening agent, and (g) at least one flavoring agent. In some embodiments, the aqueous dispersions can further include a crystalline inhibitor. [00323] Buccal formulations that include a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) are administered using a variety of formulations 15 known in the art. For example, such formulations include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,229,447, 4,596,795, 4,755,386, and 5,739,136. In addition, the buccal dosage forms described herein can further include a bioerodible (hydrolysable) polymeric carrier that also serves to adhere the dosage form to the buccal mucosa. For buccal or sublingual administration, the compositions may take the form of tablets, lozenges, or gels formulated in a conventional 20 manner. [00324] In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) are prepared as transdermal dosage forms. In one embodiments, the transdermal formulations described herein include at least three components: (1) a formulation of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), 25 (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X); (2) a penetration enhancer; and (3) an aqueous adjuvant. In some embodiments the transdermal formulations include additional components such as, but not limited to, gelling agents, creams and ointment bases, and the like. In some embodiments, the transdermal formulation further include a woven or non-woven backing material to enhance absorption and prevent the removal of the transdermal formulation from the skin. In other 30 embodiments, the transdermal formulations described herein can maintain a saturated or supersaturated state to promote diffusion into the skin. [00325] In one aspect, formulations suitable for transdermal administration of compounds described herein employ transdermal delivery devices and transdermal delivery patches and can be lipophilic emulsions or buffered, aqueous solutions, dissolved and/or dispersed in a polymer 35 or an adhesive. In one aspect, such patches are constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on - 144 demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents. Still further, transdermal delivery of the compounds described herein can be accomplished by means of iontophoretic patches and the like. In one aspect, transdermal patches provide controlled delivery of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X). In one aspect, transdermal 5 devices are in the form of a bandage comprising a backing member, a reservoir containing the compound optionally with carriers, optionally a rate controlling barrier to deliver the compound to the skin of the host at a controlled and predetermined rate over a prolonged period of time, and means to secure the device to the skin. [00326] In one aspect, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), 10 (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition suitable for intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection. In one aspect, formulations suitable for intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection include physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. Examples of suitable aqueous 15 and non-aqueous carriers, diluents, solvents, or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propyleneglycol, polyethylene-glycol, glycerol, cremophor and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil) and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of 20 surfactants. In some embodiments, formulations suitable for subcutaneous injection also contain additives such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, and dispensing agents. Prevention of the growth of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, such as parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. In some cases it is desirable to include isotonic agents, such as sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of 25 the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin. [00327] For intravenous injections, compounds described herein are formulated in aqueous solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hank's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer. For transmucosal administration, penetrants appropriate 30 to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art. For other parenteral injections, appropriate formulations include aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, preferably with physiologically compatible buffers or excipients. Such excipients are known. [00328] Parenteral injections may involve bolus injection or continuous infusion. Formulations 35 for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose - 145 containers, with an added preservative. The pharmaceutical composition described herein may be in a form suitable for parenteral injection as a sterile suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. In one aspect, the active ingredient is in powder form for constitution 5 with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use. [00329] In certain embodiments, delivery systems for pharmaceutical compounds may be employed, such as, for example, liposomes and emulsions. In certain embodiments, compositions provided herein can also include an mucoadhesive polymer, selected from among, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, carbomer (acrylic acid polymer), 10 poly(methylmethacrylate), polyacrylamide, polycarbophil, acrylic acid/butyl acrylate copolymer, sodium alginate and dextran. [00330] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be administered topically and can be formulated into a variety of topically administrable compositions, such as solutions, suspensions, lotions, gels, pastes, medicated sticks, balms, creams or ointments. Such 15 pharmaceutical compounds can contain solubilizers, stabilizers, tonicity enhancing agents, buffers and preservatives. Methods of Dosing and Treatment Regimens [00331] In one embodiment, the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are used in the preparation of medicaments for the treatment 20 of diseases or conditions in a mammal that would benefit from a reduction of androgen receptor activity. Methods for treating any of the diseases or conditions described herein in a mammal in need of such treatment, involves administration of pharmaceutical compositions that include at least one compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, active metabolite, prodrug, or 25 pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, in therapeutically effective amounts to said subject. [00332] In certain embodiments, the compositions containing the compound(s) described herein are administered for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatments. In certain therapeutic applications, the compositions are administered to a patient already suffering from a disease or condition, in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest at least one of the symptoms 30 of the disease or condition. Amounts effective for this use depend on the severity and course of the disease or condition, previous therapy, the patient's health status, weight, and response to the drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician. Therapeutically effective amounts are optionally determined by methods including, but not limited to, a dose escalation clinical trial. [00333] In prophylactic applications, compositions containing the compounds described herein 35 are administered to a patient susceptible to or otherwise at risk of a particular disease, disorder - 146 or condition. Such an amount is defined to be a "prophylactically effective amount or dose." In this use, the precise amounts also depend on the patient's state of health, weight, and the like. When used in a patient, effective amounts for this use will depend on the severity and course of the disease, disorder or condition, previous therapy, the patient's health status and response to 5 the drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician. In one aspect, prophylactic treatments include admistering to a mammal, who previously experienced at least one symtom of the disease being treated and is currently in remission, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) in order to prevent a return of the symptoms of the disease or condition. 10 [00334] In certain embodiments wherein the patient's condition does not improve, upon the doctor's discretion the administration of the compounds are administered chronically, that is, for an extended period of time, including throughout the duration of the patient's life in order to ameliorate or otherwise control or limit the symptoms of the patient's disease or condition. [00335] In certain embodiments wherein a patient's status does improve, the dose of drug being 15 administered may be temporarily reduced or temporarily suspended for a certain length of time (i.e., a "drug holiday"). In specific embodiments, the length of the drug holiday is between 2 days and 1 year, including by way of example only, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 10 days, 12 days, 15 days, 20 days, 28 days, or more than 28 days. The dose reduction during a drug holiday is, by way of example only, by 10%- 100%, including by way of example 20 only 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, and 100%. [00336] Once improvement of the patient's conditions has occurred, a maintenance dose is administered if necessary. Subsequently, in specific embodiments, the dosage or the frequency of administration, or both, is reduced, as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the 25 improved disease, disorder or condition is retained. In certain embodiments, however, the patient requires intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of symptoms. [00337] The amount of a given agent that corresponds to such an amount varies depending upon factors such as the particular compound, disease condition and its severity, the identity (e.g., weight, sex) of the subject or host in need of treatment, but can nevertheless be determined 30 according to the particular circumstances surrounding the case, including, e.g., the specific agent being administered, the route of administration, the condition being treated, and the subject or host being treated. [00338] In general, however, doses employed for adult human treatment are typically in the range of 0.01 mg-5000 mg per day. In one aspect, doses employed for adult human treatment 35 are from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg per day. In one embodiment, the desired dose is - 147 conveniently presented in a single dose or in divided doses administered simultaneously (or over a short period of time) or at appropriate intervals, for example as two, three, four or more sub-doses per day. [00339] In one embodiment, the daily dosages appropriate for the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), 5 (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) described herein are from about 0.01 to about 10 mg/kg per body weight. In specific embodiments, an indicated daily dosage in a large mammal, including, but not limited to, humans, is in the range from about 0.5 mg to about 1000 mg, conveniently administered in divided doses, including, but not limited to, up to four times a day. In one embodiment, the daily dosage is administered in extended release 10 form. In certain embodiments, suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration comprise from about 1 to 500 mg active ingredient. In other embodiments, the daily dosage or the amount of active in the dosage form are lower or higher than the ranges indicated herein, based on a number of variables in regard to an individual treatment regime. In various embodiments, the daily and unit dosages are altered depending on a number of variables including, but not limited 15 to, the activity of the compound used, the disease or condition to be treated, the mode of administration, the requirements of the individual subject, the severity of the disease or condition being treated, and the judgment of the practitioner. [00340] Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of such therapeutic regimens are determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, including, but not 20 limited to, the determination of the LD 50 and the ED 50 . The dose ratio between the toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it is expressed as the ratio between LD 5 o and

ED

5 0 . In certain embodiments, the data obtained from cell culture assays and animal studies are used in formulating the therapeutically effective daily dosage range and/or the therapeutically effective unit dosage amount for use in mammals, including humans. In some embodiments, the 25 daily dosage amount of the compounds described herein lies within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED 50 with minimal toxicity. In certain embodiments, the daily dosage range and/or the unit dosage amount varies within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized. Combination Treatments 30 [00341] In certain instances, it is appropriate to administer at least one compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) in combination with another therapeutic agent. [00342] In one embodiment, the therapeutic effectiveness of one of the compounds described herein is enhanced by administration of an adjuvant (i.e., by itself the adjuvant may have 35 minimal therapeutic benefit, but in combination with another therapeutic agent, the overall - 148 therapeutic benefit to the patient is enhanced). Or, in some embodiments, the benefit experienced by a patient is increased by administering one of the compounds described herein with another therapeutic agent (which also includes a therapeutic regimen) that also has therapeutic benefit. 5 [00343] In one specific embodiment, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is co-administered with a second therapeutic agent, wherein the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) and the second therapeutic agent modulate different aspects of the disease, disorder or condition being treated, thereby providing a greater overall benefit than 10 administration of either therapeutic agent alone. [00344] In any case, regardless of the disease, disorder or condition being treated, the overall benefit experienced by the patient may simply be additive of the two therapeutic agents or the patient may experience a synergistic benefit. [00345] In certain embodiments, different therapeutically-effective dosages of the compounds 15 disclosed herein will be utilized in formulating pharmaceutical composition and/or in treatment regimens when the compounds disclosed herein are administered in combination with one or more additional agent, such as an additional therapeutically effective drug, an adjuvant or the like. Therapeutically-effective dosages of drugs and other agents for use in combination treatment regimens can be determined by means similar to those set forth hereinabove for the 20 actives themselves. Furthermore, the methods of prevention/treatment described herein encompasses the use of metronomic dosing, i.e., providing more frequent, lower doses in order to minimize toxic side effects. In some embodiments, a combination treatment regimen encompasses treatment regimens in which administration of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is initiated prior to, during, or 25 after treatment with a second agent described herein, and continues until any time during treatment with the second agent or after termination of treatment with the second agent. It also includes treatments in which a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) and the second agent being used in combination are administered simultaneously or at different times and/or at decreasing or increasing intervals 30 during the treatment period. Combination treatment further includes periodic treatments that start and stop at various times to assist with the clinical management of the patient. [00346] It is understood that the dosage regimen to treat, prevent, or ameliorate the condition(s) for which relief is sought, is modified in accordance with a variety of factors. These factors include the disease, disorder or condition from which the subject suffers, as well as the age, 35 weight, sex, diet, and medical condition of the subject. Thus, in some instances, the dosage - 149 regimen actually employed varies and, in some embodiments, deviates from the dosage regimens set forth herein. [00347] For combination therapies described herein, dosages of the co-administered compounds vary depending on the type of co-drug employed, on the specific drug employed, on the disease 5 or condition being treated and so forth. In additional embodiments, when co-administered with one or more other therapeutic agents, the compound provided herein is administered either simultaneously with the one or more other therapeutic agents, or sequentially. [00348] In combination therapies, the multiple therapeutic agents (one of which is one of the compounds described herein) are administered in any order or even simultaneously. If 10 administration is simultaneous, the multiple therapeutic agents are, by way of example only, provided in a single, unified form, or in multiple forms (e.g., as a single pill or as two separate pills). In one embodiment, one of the therapeutic agents is given in multiple doses, and in another, two (or more if present) are given as multiple doses. In some embodiments of non simultaneous administration, the timing between the multiple doses vary from more than zero 15 weeks to less than four weeks. In addition, the combination methods, compositions and formulations are not to be limited to the use of only two agents; the use of multiple therapeutic combinations is also envisioned. [00349] The compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X), as well as combination therapies that include compounds of Formula (I), 20 (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X), are administered before, during or after the occurrence of a disease or condition, and the timing of administering the composition containing a compound varies. Thus, in one embodiment, the compounds described herein are used as a prophylactic and are administered continuously to subjects with a propensity to develop conditions or diseases in order to prevent the occurrence of the disease or 25 condition. In another embodiment, the compounds and compositions are administered to a subject during or as soon as possible after the onset of the symptoms. In specific embodiments, a compound described herein is administered as soon as is practicable after the onset of a disease or condition is detected or suspected, and for a length of time necessary for the treatment of the disease. In some embodiments, the length required for treatment varies, and the 30 treatment length is adjusted to suit the specific needs of each subject. For example, in specific embodiments, a compound described herein or a formulation containing the compound is administered for at least 2 weeks, about 1 month to about 5 years. Exemplary Agent for use in Combination Therapy [00350] In some embodiments, methods for treatment of androgen receptor-dependent or 35 androgen receptor-mediated conditions or diseases, such as proliferative disorders, including - 150 cancer, comprises administration to a mammal a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) in combination with at least one additional agent selected, by way of example only, alemtuzumab, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase (pegylated or non-), bevacizumab, cetuximab, platinum-based compounds such as cisplatin, cladribine, 5 daunorubicin/doxorubicin/idarubicin, irinotecan, fludarabine, 5-fluorouracil, gemtuzumab, methotrexate, taxol, temozolomide, thioguanine, or classes of drugs including hormones (an antiestrogen, an antiandrogen, or gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues, interferons such as alpha interferon, nitrogen mustards such as busulfan or melphalan or mechlorethamine, retinoids such as tretinoin, topoisomerase inhibitors such as irinotecan or topotecan, tyrosine 10 kinase inhibitors such as gefinitinib or imatinib, or agents to treat signs or symptoms induced by such therapy including allopurinol, filgrastim, granisetron/ondansetron/palonosetron, dronabinol. [00351] In one aspect, the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is administered or formulated in combination with one or more anti 15 cancer agents. In some embodiments, one or more of the anti-cancer agents are proapoptotic agents. Examples of anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to, any of the following: gossypol, genasense, polyphenol E, Chlorofusin, all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), bryostatin, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, all trans retinoic acid, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, gemcitabine, imatinib, geldanamycin, 20 17-N-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), flavopiridol, LY294002, bortezomib, trastuzumab, BAY 11-7082, PKC412, or PD184352, paclitaxel, and analogs of paclitaxel. Compounds that have the basic taxane skeleton as a common structure feature, have also been shown to have the ability to arrest cells in the G2-M phases due to stabilized microtubules and may be useful for treating cancer in combination with the compounds 25 described herein. [00352] Further examples of anti-cancer agents for use in combination with the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) include inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, e.g., U0126, PD98059, PD 184352, PD0325901, ARRY-142886, SB239063, SP600125, BAY 43-9006, wortmannin, or LY294002; 30 Syk inhibitors; mTOR inhibitors; and antibodies (e.g., rituxan). [00353] Other anti-cancer agents for use in combination with the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) include one or more of the following: abiraterone, adriamycin, dactinomycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, cisplatin, acivicin; aclarubicin; acodazole hydrochloride; acronine; adozelesin; aldesleukin; altretamine; 35 ambomycin; ametantrone acetate; aminoglutethimide; amsacrine; anastrozole; anthramycin; - 151 asparaginase; asperlin; azacitidine; azetepa; azotomycin; batimastat; benzodepa; bicalutamide; bisantrene hydrochloride; bisnafide dimesylate; bizelesin; bleomycin sulfate; brequinar sodium; bropirimine; busulfan; cactinomycin; calusterone; caracemide; carbetimer; carboplatin; carmustine; carubicin hydrochloride; carzelesin; cedefingol; chlorambucil; cirolemycin; 5 cladribine; crisnatol mesylate; cyclophosphamide; cytarabine; dacarbazine; daunorubicin hydrochloride; decitabine; dexormaplatin; dezaguanine; dezaguanine mesylate; diaziquone; doxorubicin; doxorubicin hydrochloride; droloxifene; droloxifene citrate; dromostanolone propionate; duazomycin; edatrexate; eflornithine hydrochloride; elsamitrucin; enloplatin; enpromate; epipropidine; epirubicin hydrochloride; erbulozole; esorubicin hydrochloride; 10 estramustine; estramustine phosphate sodium; etanidazole; etoposide; etoposide phosphate; etoprine; fadrozole hydrochloride; fazarabine; fenretinide; floxuridine; fludarabine phosphate; fluorouracil; flurocitabine; fosquidone; fostriecin sodium; gemcitabine; gemcitabine hydrochloride; hydroxyurea; idarubicin hydrochloride; ifosfamide; iimofosine; interleukin Il (including recombinant interleukin II, or rlL2), interferon alfa-2a; interferon alfa-2b; interferon 15 alfa-n1; interferon alfa-n3; interferon beta-1 a; interferon gamma-1 b; iproplatin; irinotecan hydrochloride; lanreotide acetate; letrozole; leuprolide acetate; liarozole hydrochloride; lometrexol sodium; lomustine; losoxantrone hydrochloride; masoprocol; maytansine; mechlorethamine hydrochloride; megestrol acetate; melengestrol acetate; melphalan; menogaril; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; methotrexate sodium; metoprine; meturedepa; mitindomide; 20 mitocarcin; mitocromin; mitogillin; mitomalcin; mitomycin; mitosper; mitotane; mitoxantrone hydrochloride; mycophenolic acid; nocodazoie; nogalamycin; ormaplatin; oxisuran; pegaspargase; peliomycin; pentamustine; peplomycin sulfate; perfosfamide; pipobroman; piposulfan; piroxantrone hydrochloride; plicamycin; plomestane; porfimer sodium; porfiromycin; prednimustine; procarbazine hydrochloride; puromycin; puromycin 25 hydrochloride; pyrazofurin; riboprine; rogletimide; safingol; safingol hydrochloride; semustine; simtrazene; sparfosate sodium; sparsomycin; spirogermanium hydrochloride; spiromustine; spiroplatin; streptonigrin; streptozocin; sulofenur; talisomycin; tecogalan sodium; tegafur; teloxantrone hydrochloride; temoporfin; teniposide; teroxirone; testolactone; thiamiprine; thioguanine; thiotepa; tiazofurin; tirapazamine; toremifene citrate; trestolone acetate; triciribine 30 phosphate; trimetrexate; trimetrexate glucuronate; triptorelin; tubulozole hydrochloride; uracil mustard; uredepa; vapreotide; verteporfin; vinblastine sulfate; vincristine sulfate; vindesine; vindesine sulfate; vinepidine sulfate; vinglycinate sulfate; vinleurosine sulfate; vinorelbine tartrate; vinrosidine sulfate; vinzolidine sulfate; vorozole; zeniplatin; zinostatin; zorubicin hydrochloride. - 152 - [00354] Yet other anticancer agents for use in combination with the compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) include alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products, or hormones, e.g., nitrogen mustards (e.g., mechloroethamine, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, etc.), alkyl sulfonates (e.g., busulfan), 5 nitrosoureas (e.g., carmustine, lomusitne, ete.), or triazenes (decarbazine, etc.). Examples of antimetabolites include but are not limited to folic acid analog (e.g., methotrexate), or pyrimidine analogs (e.g., Cytarabine), purine analogs (e.g., mercaptopurine, thioguanine, pentostatin). [00355] Examples of natural products for use in combination with the compounds of Formula 10 (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) include but are not limited to vinca alkaloids (e.g., vinblastin, vincristine), epipodophyllotoxins (e.g., etoposide), antibiotics (e.g., daunorubicin, doxorubicin, bleomycin), enzymes (e.g., L-asparaginase), or biological response modifiers (e.g., interferon alpha). [00356] Examples of alkylating agents for use in combination with the compounds of Formula 15 (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) include, but are not limited to, nitrogen mustards (e.g., mechloroethamine, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, meiphalan, etc.), ethylenimine and methylmelamines (e.g., hexamethlymelamine, thiotepa), alkyl sulfonates (e.g., busulfan), nitrosoureas (e.g., carmustine, lomusitne, semustine, streptozocin, etc.), or triazenes (decarbazine, ete.). 20 [00357] In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are used to treat cancer in combination with: an antiestrogen (e.g., tamoxifen), an antiandrogen (e.g., bicalutamide, flutamide), gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (e.g., leuprolide). [00358] Other agents that can be used in the methods and compositions described herein for the 25 treatment or prevention of cancer include platinum coordination complexes (e.g., cisplatin, carboblatin), anthracenedione (e.g., mitoxantrone), substituted urea (e.g., hydroxyurea), methyl hydrazine derivative (e.g., procarbazine), adrenocortical suppressant (e.g., mitotane, aminoglutethimide). [00359] Examples of anti-cancer agents which act by arresting cells in the G2-M phases due to 30 stabilized microtubules include without limitation the following marketed drugs and drugs in development: Erbulozole, Dolastatin 10, Mivobulin isethionate, Vincristine, NSC-639829, Discodermolide, ABT-75 1, Altorhyrtins (such as Altorhyrtin A and Altorhyrtin C), Spongistatins (such as Spongistatin 1, Spongistatin 2, Spongistatin 3, Spongistatin 4, Spongistatin 5, Spongistatin 6, Spongistatin 7, Spongistatin 8, and Spongistatin 9), Cemadotin 35 hydrochloride, Epothilones (such as Epothilone A, Epothilone B, Epothilone C, Epothilone D, - 153 - Epothilone E, Epothilone F, Epothilone B N-oxide, Epothilone A N-oxide, 16-aza-epothilone B, 21 -aminoepothilone B, 21 -hydroxyepothilone D, 26-fluoroepothilone, Auristatin PE, Soblidotin, Vincristine sulfate, Cryptophycin 52, Vitilevuamide, Tubulysin A, Canadensol, Centaureidin, Oncocidin Al Fijianolide B, Laulimalide, Narcosine, Nascapine, Hemiasterlin, 5 Vanadocene acetylacetonate, Indanocine Eleutherobins (such as Desmethyleleutherobin, Desaetyleleutherobin, lsoeleutherobin A, and Z-Eleutherobin), Caribaeoside, Caribaeolin, Halichondrin B, Diazonamide A, Taccalonolide A, Diozostatin, (-)-Phenylahistin, Myoseverin B, Resverastatin phosphate sodium. [00360] In one aspect, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), 10 (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is co-administered with thrombolytic agents (e.g., alteplase anistreplase, streptokinase, urokinase, or tissue plasminogen activator), heparin, tinzaparin, warfarin, dabigatran (e.g., dabigatran etexilate), factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., fondaparinux, draparinux, rivaroxaban, DX-9065a, otamixaban, LY517717, or YM 150), ticlopidine, clopidogrel, CS-747 (prasugrel, LY640315), ximelagatran, or BIBR 1048. 15 [00361] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is used in combination with anti-emetic agents to treat nausea or emesis, which may result from the use of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), anti-cancer agent(s) and/or radiation therapy. 20 [00362] Anti-emetic agents include, but are not limited to: neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, 5HT3 receptor antagonists (such as ondansetron, granisetron, tropisetron, Palonosetron, and zatisetron), GABAB receptor agonists (such as baclofen), corticosteroids (such as dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, or others), dopamine antagonists (such as, but not limited to, domperidone, droperidol, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, promethazine, 25 prochlorperazine, metoclopramide), antihistamines (HI histamine receptor antagonists, such as but not limited to, cyclizine, diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, meclizine, promethazine, hydroxyzine), cannabinoids (such as but not limited to, cannabis, marinol, dronabinol), and others (such as, but not limited to, trimethobenzamide; ginger, emetrol, propofol). [00363] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), 30 (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is used in combination with an agent useful in the treatment of anemia. Such an anemia treatment agent is, for example, a continuous eythropoiesis receptor activator (such as epoetin-a). [00364] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is used in combination with an agent useful in the treatment of 35 neutropenia. Examples of agents useful in the treatment of neutropenia include, but are not - 154 limited to, a hematopoietic growth factor which regulates the production and function of neutrophils such as a human granulocyte colony stimulating factor, (G-CSF). Examples of a G CSF include filgrastim. [00365] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), 5 (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is adminsitered with corticosteroids. Corticosteroids, include, but are not limited to: betamethasone, prednisone, alclometasone, aldosterone, amcinonide, beclometasone, betamethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, clobetasol, clobetasone, clocortolone, cloprednol, cortisone, cortivazol, deflazacort, deoxycorticosterone, desonide, desoximetasone, desoxycortone, dexamethasone, diflorasone, diflucortolone, difluprednate, fluclorolone, 10 fludrocortisone, fludroxycortide, flumetasone, flunisolide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocortin, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone, fluprednidene, fluticasone, formocortal, halcinonide, halometasone, hydrocortisone/cortisol, hydrocortisone aceponate, hydrocortisone buteprate, hydrocortisone butyrate, loteprednol, medrysone, meprednisone, methylprednisolone, methylprednisolone aceponate, mometasone furoate, paramethasone, prednicarbate, 15 prednisone/prednisolone, rimexolone, tixocortol, triamcinolone, and ulobetasol. [00366] In one embodiment, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is administered to a mammal in combination with a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). NSAIDs include, but are not limited to: aspirin, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, choline magnesium salicylate, choline salicylate, choline 20 magnesium salicylate, choline salicylate, magnesium salicylate, sodium salicylate, diflunisal, carprofen, fenoprofen, fenoprofen calcium, flurobiprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, nabutone, ketolorac, ketorolac tromethamine, naproxen, oxaprozin, diclofenac, etodolac, indomethacin, sulindac, tolmetin, meclofenamate, meclofenamate sodium, mefenamic acid, piroxicam, meloxicam, COX-2 specific inhibitors (such as, but not limited to, celecoxib, rofecoxib, 25 valdecoxib, parecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, CS-502, JTE-522, L-745,337 and NS398). [00367] In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) and (X) are coadministered with analgesics. [00368] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is used in combination with radiation therapy (or 30 radiotherapy). Radiation therapy is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with ionizing radiation. Radiation therapy can be used to treat localized solid tumors, such as cancers of the skin, tongue, larynx, brain, breast, prostate, colon, uterus and/or cervix. It can also be used to treat leukemia and lymphoma (cancers of the blood-forming cells and lymphatic system, respectively). - 155 - [00369] A technique for delivering radiation to cancer cells is to place radioactive implants directly in a tumor or body cavity. This is called internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy, interstitial irradiation, and intracavitary irradiation are types of internal radiotherapy.) Using internal radiotherapy, the radiation dose is concentrated in a small area, and the patient stays in 5 the hospital for a few days. Internal radiotherapy is frequently used for cancers of the tongue, uterus, prostate, colon, and cervix. [00370] The term "radiotherapy" or "ionizing radiation" include all forms of radiation, including but not limited to a, P, and y radiation and ultraviolet light. Kits/Articles of Manufacture 10 [00371] For use in the therapeutic applications described herein, kits and articles of manufacture are also described herein. Such kits can comprise a carrier, package, or container that is compartmentalized to receive one or more containers such as vials, tubes, and the like, each of the container(s) comprising one of the separate elements to be used in a method described herein. Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, and test tubes. The 15 containers are formed from any acceptable material including, e.g., glass or plastic. [00372] For example, the container(s) can comprise one or more compounds described herein, optionally in a composition or in combination with another agent as disclosed herein. The container(s) optionally have a sterile access port (for example the container can be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection 20 needle). Such kits optionally comprising a compound with an identifying description or label or instructions relating to its use in the methods described herein. [00373] A kit will typically comprise one or more additional containers, each with one or more of various materials (such as reagents, optionally in concentrated form, and/or devices) desirable from a commercial and user standpoint for use of a compound described herein. Non 25 limiting examples of such materials include, but not limited to, buffers, diluents, filters, needles, syringes; carrier, package, container, vial and/or tube labels listing contents and/or instructions for use, and package inserts with instructions for use. A set of instructions will also typically be included. [00374] A label can be on or associated with the container. A label can be on a container when 30 letters, numbers or other characters forming the label are attached, molded or etched into the container itself; a label can be associated with a container when it is present within a receptacle or carrier that also holds the container, e.g., as a package insert. A label can be used to indicate that the contents are to be used for a specific therapeutic application. The label can also indicate directions for use of the contents, such as in the methods described herein. 35 - 156 - EXAMPLES [00375] These examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and not to limit the scope of the claims provided herein. Synthesis of Compounds 5 INTERMEDIATE 1 5-Amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile Step 1: 5-Iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-ol HO N

F

3 C I [00376] A mixture of 5-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-ol (21.4g, 0.13 mmol) and NIS (29.5 10 g, 0.13 mmol) in acetonitrile (300 mL) was heated to 80'C for 6h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate was added. The solid that precipitated was filtered off and acetonitrile was removed in vacuo. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (4x), the organics were combined, washed with an aqueous saturated solution of sodium thiosulfate, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness 15 to afford 24 g of 5-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-ol as a yellow solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 12.57 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H). Step 2: 2-Chloro-5-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine CI N

F

3 C I [00377] A mixture of 5-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-ol (53 g, 0.18 mmol) and POCl 3 (67 20 mL, 0.73 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was heated to 110 C for 4h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then slowly poured into an ice/water bath. The brown solid was filtered and washed with water. It was then dissolved in DCM, washed with an aqueous saturated solution of sodium thiosulfate (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness to afford 47 g of 2-chloro-5-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine as a pale yellow solid. 1 H 25 NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.79 (d, 1H), 8.29 (d, 1H). Step 3: 6-Chloro-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-amine CI N

F

3 C O [00378] An oil bath was preheated to 130'C. A mixture of 2-chloro-5-iodo-3 (trifluoromethyl)pyridine (47 g, 152.8 mmol), (4-methoxyphenyl)methanamine (23.8 mL, 183.4 - 157 mmol), Xantphos (2.6 g, 4.58 mmol) and NaOtBu (22 g, 229.2 mmol) in toluene (500 mL) was stirred at room temperature while bubbling nitrogen for 5 min. Pd 2 (dba) 3 (2.8 g, 3.05 mmol) was then added and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 2h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and it was filtered through a pad of celite. The pad of celite was washed with 5 toluene and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue obtained was dissolved in EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with water (4x), and it was then evaporated to dryness. The dark oil obtained was dissolved in DCM and hexanes was added with swirling until a brown solid precipitated. The brown solid was filtered, washed with hexanes, and dried to afford 38.8g (80%) of 6-chloro-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-amine as a brown solid. 10 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 7.07 (t, 1H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 4.29 (d, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H). The filtrate was purified by column chromatography on Silica Gel eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/Hexanes to afford an additional 4 g of 6-chloro-N-(4 methoxybenzyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-amine as an orange solid (Total yield: 42.8 g). Step 4: 5-((4-Methoxybenzyl)amino)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N I

F

3 C O 15 0 [00379] An oil bath was preheated to 180'C. A mixture of 6-chloro-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-amine (19.45 g, 61.55 mmol), Zn(CN) 2 (8.7 g, 73.86 mmol), and dppf (6.8 g, 12.31 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) was stirred at room temperature while bubbling nitrogen for 5 min. Pd 2 (dba) 3 (2.8 g, 3.07 mmol, 0.05 eq.) was then added and the reaction 20 mixture was placed inside the pre-heated bath. The bath temperature dropped to 160'C. The mixture started refluxing when the bath temperature reached 170'C (takes 20 min). Refluxed for 10 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and it was filtered through a pad of celite. The pad of celite was washed with EtOAc. The solvent was removed using a rotovap hooked up to a high vac. pump. The black residue was partitioned between EtOAc and water. 25 An orange solid (some dppf by-product) precipitated and was filtered and washed with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness. The black residue was dissolved in DCM and loaded onto a silica gel plug. The plug was washed with DCM (to get rid of some of the fast eluting impurities) followed by 1:1 EtOAc/hexanes (to move the desired). The fractions containing the desired were combined, 30 evaporated to dryness and the residue obtained was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 15 g of 5-((4-methoxybenzyl)amino) - 158 - 3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as reddish thick oily residue. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.01 (t, 1H), 7.31 (m, 3H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 4.41 (d, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H). Step 5: 5-Amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N I

F

3 C

NH

2 5 [00380] 5-((4-Methoxybenzyl)amino)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (15 g, 49.02 mmol) was taken up in DCM (30 mL) and TFA (50 mL) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3h (until done by LC-MS). The solvent and TFA were removed in vacuo and MeOH was added to the residue. The beige solid that was not soluble in MeOH was filtered and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the residue 10 was partitioned between EtOAc and a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was washed two more times with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in DCM and hexanes with swirling until a yellow solid precipitated. This solid was filtered and washed with hexanes to afford 7.2 g of 5-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a pale yellow solid. 1 H NMR 15 (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 6.99 (bs, 2H). INTERMEDIATE 2 5-Amino-3-methylpicolinonitrile Step 1: 3-Methyl-5-nitropicolinonitrile NC N 20 NO 2 [00381] A mixture of tetrabutylammonium nitrate (17 g, 55.1 mmol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (7.6 mL, 55.1 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was slowly added to a cooled (0 0 C) solution of 3-methylpicolinonitrile (5 g, 42.4 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 days (temperature allowed to warm to room temperature). A saturated solution of 25 sodium bicarbonate (80 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for lh. The two layers were separated and the aqueous was extracted with DCM (2x). The organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 2.9 g of 3-methyl-5-nitropicolinonitrile as a pale yellow solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, 30 DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.83 (s, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H). Step 2: 5-Amino-3-methylpicolinonitrile - 159 - NC N

NH

2 [00382] A mixture of 3-methyl-5-nitropicolinonitrile (2.9 g, 17.8 mmol) and Pd/C (cat.) in MeOH (60 mL) was hydrogenated overnight with a balloon of hydrogen. Pd/C was removed through a pad of celite and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness to afford 2.2 g of 5-amino-3 5 methylpicolinonitrile as a greenish solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 7.83 (s, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H). INTERMEDIATE 3 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-amine 10 Step 1: 6-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine N CI N

F

3 C [00383] A mixture of 3-chloro-6-hydrazinylpyridazine (3.3 g, 22.8 mmol) in TFA (60 mL) was heated to 85'C for 18h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and TFA was removed in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated aqueous sodium 15 bicarbonate and the organic layer was washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (3x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 2.8 g of 6-chloro-3 (trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine as a beige solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.72 (d, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H). Step 2: 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-amine N N

NH

2 20 F 3 C [00384] A mixture of 6-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine (1.14 g, 5.1 mmol) and ammonium hydroxide (10 mL) in THF (10 mL) was heated to 60'C for 18h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and water and EtOAc were added. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (4x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium 25 sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 1 g of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3 b]pyridazin-6-amine as beige solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.12 (d, 1H), 7.23 (s, 2H), 6.97 (d, 1H). INTERMEDIATE 4 - 160 - 6-Amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile NC

F

3 C N NH 2 [00385] A mixture of 5-bromo-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (3.0 g, 12.3 mmol), Zn(CN) 2 (0.81 g, 6.9 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.57 g, 0.6 mmol), and Xantphos (0.72 g, 1.2 mmol) in DMA (12 5 mL) was placed in a sealed tube. The mixture was degassed with argon and stirred at 160'C for 20h. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 3:1 EtOAc/hexanes to afford 1.9 g of 6-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile as a solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 7.74 10 (d, 1H), 6.67 (d, 1H). INTERMEDIATE 5 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-[2,3'-bipyridin]-5-amine Step: N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[2,3'-bipyridin]-5-amine N N

F

3 C N 150 [00386] To a solution of 6-chloro-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-amine (Intermediate 1, Step 3, 1.2 g, 3.8 mmol) and 3-(diethylboryl)pyridine (0.613 g, 4.17 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) was added K 3

PO

4 (2.52 g, 9.48 mmol). The mixture was degassed then flushed with nitrogen before Pd 2 (dba) 3 (173 mg, 0.02 mmol) and Xantphos (0.218 mg, 0.04 20 mmol) were added. The mixture was heated at 105'C overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using EtOAc/PE = 1/ to afford 1 g of N (4-methoxybenzyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[2,3'-bipyridin]-5-amine. Step 2: 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-[2,3'-bipyridin]-5-amine N N 25

F

3 C NH 2 [00387] The title compound was synthesized as described for Intermedaite 1, Step 5 using N-(4 methoxybenzyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[2,3'-bipyridin]-5-amine as the starting material. 1 H NMR - 161 - (300MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 8.71 (dd, 1H), 8.64 (dd, 1H), 8.30 (dd, 1H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.35 (m, 1H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 4.05 (s, 2H). INTERMEDIATE 6 (Isothiocyanate method A) 5 5-Isothiocyanato-3-methylpicolinonitrile NC N N=C=S [00388] Thiophosgene (0.24 mL, 3.1 mmol) was added to a stirred biphasic solution of 5-amino 3-methylpicolinonitrile (Intermediate 2, 275 mg, 2.07 mmol) in CHCl 3 (6 mL)/water (10 mL) and the resulting orange mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The two layers 10 were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x). The organics were combined, washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 300 mg of 5-isothiocyanato-3-methylpicolinonitrile as an orange solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 2.5 (s, 3H). 15 INTERMEDIATE 7 6-Isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile NC

F

3 C N N=C=S [00389] A mixture of 6-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile (648 mg, 3.5 mmol) and thiophosgene (0.4 mL, 5.2 mmol) in DCE (8 mL) was heated to 80'C overnight. The mixture 20 was cooled to room temperature and diluted with DCM/water. The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x). The organics were combined, washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 521 mg of 6-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile (70% pure) as a brown oil. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.73 (d, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H). 25 INTERMEDIATE 8 6-Isothiocyanato-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine N, N N=C=S

F

3 C [00390] Thiophosgene (1 mL, 12.7 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-(trifluoromethyl) 30 [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-amine (860 mg, 4.23 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL) and THF (15 - 162 mL) and the resulting dark mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2h. The dark mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and IM HCl. The organic layer was washed with IM HCl (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 545 mg (60% pure) of 6 isothiocyanato-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- [1,2,4]triazolo [4,3 -b]pyridazine as a dark purple solid. 5 LCMS [M + 1] 278.5 (OMe adduct). INTERMEDIATE 9 (Isothiocyanate method B) 4-Isothiocyanatoisoquinoline-1-carbonitrile NC N N=C=S 10 [00391] A mixture of 4-aminoisoquinoline-1-carbonitrile (500 mg, 2.95 mmol) and thiophosgene (0.34 mL, 4.44 mmol) in DMA (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc/water. The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organics were combined, washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to 15 afford 553 mg of 4-isothiocyanatoisoquinoline-1-carbonitrile as an orange oil. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.32 (d, 1H), 8.23 (d, 1H), 8.12 (td, 1H), 8.05 (td, 1H). [00392] ISOTHIOCYANATE INTERMEDIATES 10-16 were synthesized from the appropriate amines (amines were either commercially available, synthesized in the Intermediates section, or synthesized from published procedures) according to the conditions 20 indicated (see footnotes). Intermediate # Name Structure NC N 10a 5-Isothiocyanato-3- I (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile

F

3 C N=C=S NC N 11a 3-Chloro-5-isothiocyanatopicolinonitrile CI N=C=S NC N 12a 5-Isothiocyanato-3-methoxypicolinonitrile O N=C=S - 163 - Intermediate # Name Structure NC 13a 5-Isothiocyanatoquinoline-8-carbonitrile N N=C=S 14a 6-Isothiocyanatoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine <\\- N N=C=S N 15a 5-Isothiocyanato-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3'- N bipyridine I

F

3 C N=C=S NC 16' 4-Isothiocyanatopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-7- N carbonitrile N N=C=S a Isothiocyanate method A, b Isothiocyanate method B INTERMEDIATE 17 4-((2-(Pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)sulfonyl)aniline 5 Step 1: 4-(2-((4-Nitrophenyl)thio)ethyl)pyridine 0 2 N [00393] A mixture of 2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanethiol hydrochloride (3.84 g, 21.8 mmol, 4-fluoro-1 nitrobenzene (6.12 g, 43.3 mmol), and K 2

CO

3 (9.0 g, 65.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (150 mL) was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to 10 dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/PE = 1/1) to afford 2.0 g of 4-(2-((4-nitrophenyl)thio)ethyl)pyridine as a light yellow solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 8.55 (d, 2H), 8.14 (d, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 3.30 (t, 2H), 3.01 (t, 2H). Step 2: 4-(2-((4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)ethyl)pyridine o o 0 2 N N - 164 - [00394] H 2 0 2 (30%, 5 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-(2-((4 nitrophenyl)thio)ethyl)pyridine (338 mg, 1.30 mmol) in acetic acid (20 mL) heated at 60'C and the resulting mixture was stirred at 60'C for 30min. The mixture was poured into a sat. Na 2

CO

3 (100 mL) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and 5 concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EA/PE = 1/3) to afford 270 mg of 4-(2-((4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)ethyl)pyridine as a white solid. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 8.51 (d, 2H), 8.42 (dd, 2H), 7.13 (dd, 2H), 7.08 (d, 2H), 3.45 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.08 (m, 2H). Step 3: 4-((2-(Pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)sulfonyl)aniline 10

H

2 N N [00395] A mixture of 4-(2-((4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)ethyl)pyridine (210 mg, 0.76 mmol) and 10 %Pd/C (100 mg) in EtOH (100 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h under H 2 atmosphere (balloon). The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (MeOH/DCM = 15 1/50) to afford 100 mg of 4-((2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)sulfonyl)aniline as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 8.48 (m, 2H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.70 (m, 2H), 4.23 (bs, 2H), 3.34-3.28 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.01 (m, 2H). INTERMEDIATE 18 20 4-((Methyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)aniline Step 1: N-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanamine -~ N 0 2 N N [00396] A mixture of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (3.0 g, 19.8 mmol), 4-pyridylmethylamine (2.36 g, 21.8 mmol), and NaBH 3 CN (1.75 g, 27.7 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (40.0 mL) was stirred at 25 room temperature for 36h and then concentrated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organics were washed with brine (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (MeOH/DCM = 1/400) to afford 1.3 g of N-(4-nitrobenzyl)- 1 -(pyridin-4-yl)methanamine as brown oil. 30 Step 2: N-Methyl-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanamine - 165 - 0 2 N [00397] The title compound was synthesized as described in the previous step using N-(4 nitrobenzyl)- 1 -(pyridin-4-yl)methanamine and (HCHO)n as the starting materials. Step 3: 4-((Methyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)aniline NN 5

H

2 N N [00398] The title compound was synthesized as described for Intermediate 17, Step 3 using N methyl-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)- 1 -(pyridin-4-yl)methanamine as the starting material. INTERMEDIATE 19 (Aminonitrile synthesis method A) 10 1-((3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile OH NCXN F H [00399] Sodium cyanide (2.5 g, 50.8 mmol) was added to a mixture of 4-amino-2-fluorophenol (4.3 g, 33.9 mmol) and cyclobutanone (3.8 mL, 50.8 mmol) in acetic acid (99%, 30 mL) hooked up to a NaOH scrubber and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6h. The 15 mixture was poured in water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organics were combined, washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (4x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 4.8 g of 1-((3 fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile as a beige solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, 20 DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.98 (s, 1H), 6.80 (t, 1H), 6.36 (dd, 1H), 6.28 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.35 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.00 (m, 2H). INTERMEDIATE 20 (Aminonitrile synthesis method B) Ethyl 4-((1-cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-fluorobenzoate 0 NC N F 25 H [00400] Sodium cyanide (1.3 g, 26.6 mmol) was added to a mixture of ethyl 4-amino-2 fluorobenzoate (3.25 g, 17.8 mmol) and cyclobutanone (2 mL, 26.6 mmol) in acetic acid (99%, 40 mL) hooked up to a NaOH scrubber and the resulting mixture was heated to 80'C overnight. - 166 - The mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured in water. The pink precipitate was filtered, washed with water, and redissolved in DCM (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (4x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 3.9 g of ethyl 4-((1-cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-fluorobenzoate as an orange 5 solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 7.87 (t, 1H), 6.43 (dd, 1H), 6.34 (dd, 1H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 4.36 (q, 2H), 2.91-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.13 (m, 2H), 1.39 (t, 3H). INTERMEDIATE 21 ((Aminonitrile synthesis method C) 4-((1-Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0 NC N F 10 H [00401] Sodium cyanide (5.8 g, 119 mmol) was added to a mixture of 4-amino-2-fluoro-N methylbenzamide (5 g, 29.8 mmol) and cyclobutanone (4.4 mL, 59.5 mmol) in AcOH (90%, 25 mL) and EtOH (25 mL) hooked up to a NaOH scrubber and the resulting mixture was heated to 80'C overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured in water. The yellow 15 precipitate was filtered, washed with water, and dried to afford 6.5 g of 4-((1 cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide as a pale yellow solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 7.81 (t, 1H), 7.56 (t, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 6.46 (dd, 1H), 6.30 (dd, 1H), 2.80 2.71 (m, 5H), 2.41-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.00 (m, 2H) 20 INTERMEDIATE 22 (Aminonitrile synthesis method D) 1-((2,6-Difluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC~N F [00402] A mixture of 2,6-difluoroaniline (0.5 g, 3.9 mmol), TMSCN (0.72 mL, 5.8 mmol), and cyclobutanone (0.43 mL, 5.8 mmol) was heated to 90'C overnight. The mixture was poured in 25 water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organics were combined, washed with brine. (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 20% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 0.7 g of 1-((2,6-difluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile as a colorless oil. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 7.07-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.91-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.15 (s, 1H), 2.65-2.56 30 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.91 (m, 2H). - 167 - INTERMEDIATE 23 (Aminonitrile synthesis method E) 4-((2-Cyanopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide 0 N H NC N F H 5 [00403] A mixture of 4-amino-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide (2 g, 11.9 mmol), TMSCN (2.2 mL, 17.9 mmol), TMSOTf (0.1 mL, 0.6 mmol), and acetone (10 mL, 140 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The white solid was filtered, washed with a small amount of DCM, and dried to afford 1.12 g of 4-((2-cyanopropan-2-yl)amino)-2-fluoro N-methylbenzamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 7.79 (t, 1H), 7.56 (t, 10 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.67 (dd, 1H), 6.54 (dd, 1H), 2.75 (d, 3H), 1.67 (s, 6H). INTERMEDIATE 24 1-(4-(Pyridin-4-yloxy)phenylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile H NC N 15 [00404] Sodium cyanide (395 mg, 8.06 mmol) was added to a mixture of 4-(pyridin-4 yloxy)aniline (500 mg, 2.69 mmol) and cyclobutanone (376 mg , 5.37 mmol) in AcOH (99%, 6 mL) in a microwave vial. The reaction mixture was irradiated with microwaves (Biotage) at 120'C for 30 min. The slightly yellowish solution was concentrated to dryness. The residue was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layers were dried 20 over MgSO 4 and concentrated to dryness to afford 463 mg (65%) of 1-(4-(pyridin-4 yloxy)phenylamino)-cyclobutanecarbonitrile as a yellow oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 8.46-8.38 (m, 2H), 7.02-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.79 (m, 2H), 6.72-6.64 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.34 (m, 2H), 2.22 (m, 2H) 25 INTERMEDIATE 25 2-((4-Hydroxyphenyl)amino)-2-methylpropanenitrile OH NC>N O H [00405] A mixture of 4-aminophenol (1 g, 9.17 mmol) and magnesium sulfate (4 g) in 2 hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile (10 mL) was heated to 80'C for 2h. Ice/water was added to a - 168 cooled mixture and it was stirred for 30 min. The white solid that precipitated was filtered, washed with water, and dried to afford 1.2g (74%) of 2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-2 methylpropanenitrile as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 8.89 (s, 1H), 6.78 (d, 2H), 6.65 (d, 2H), 5.21 (s, 1H), 1.52 (s, 6H). 5 [00406] INTERMEDIATES 26-107 were synthesized from the appropriate amines (amines were either commercially available, synthesized in the Intermediates section, or synthesized from published procedures) and ketones, according to the conditions indicated (see footnotes). Intermediate # Name Structure OH 26 a 1-((2-Fluoro-4 hydroxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NOC H F NF 27' 1-((4-Fluoro-3 methoxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N 0 H 1-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2- N C N ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile b9 1 -([ 1,1I'-Biphenyl]-3- NC ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile H 31,'-Biphenyl]-4 30 b ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC 'N H 1b 1-(Naphthalen- 1 3 ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N 32 b 1-(Naphthalen-2 ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N H - 169 - Intermediate # Name Structure 33 b Ethyl 5-((1-cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2- F fluorobenzoate NC N'a' HO 34 2-((1 -Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)benzonitrile NC N O H CN 35 3-((1-Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)benzonitrile NC C 35 3-(( NC N CN H ON 36 b 4-((1 -Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)benzonitrile N C N H 31 -(Pyridin-3-ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N N H 38 c 1 -(o-Tolylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC><N H 39 c 1 -(m-Tolylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N H 40c 1 -(p-Tolylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NCIN H 41 b 1-((4-Fluoro-2- NFC N F methoxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N - 170 - Intermediate # Name Structure F 4'1-((4-Fluoro-2- N hydroxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C H OH 1-((2- N CN' 43Phenoxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile H 0, 44' 1K>3 Phenoxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C'N H 45' NC((4 Phenoxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N " H Methylbenzyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N~ H 47' Methylphenethyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitril C e H yloxy)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C N H 49' 1-((4-(Pyridin-2 yloxy)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC 2 ' Nl: H 5b1-((4-(Pyrimidin-5- 0 yloxy)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C N

H

Intermediate # Name Structure 51' (Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanec OF arbonitrile H 1-(4-~ 00 3 52' ~(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanec a C arbonitrile H Fluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile H FN 54 b Fluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N CNN F H 55 b -((F Fluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N~ H 56 c (Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutaneca 7 C rbonitrile N C N H 5b 57 1 -(Phenylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile C N' H 58 b 1-((3-Fluoro-4 methylphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C 'N :) F H methylphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N EC N H F - 172 - Intermediate # Name Structure 10 -(Cyclohexylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile

NCN

H 0 61 b (Methylsulfonyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecar 0N bonitrile N C N H 0 11 62 b ll NH 2 Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)benzenesulfonamide 0J~< H ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC -r H b 1 -(Isoquinolin-7 64ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N CNN H b 4-((l -Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2- C fluorobenzonitrile NC N a F H C. N 66 b 4-((l -Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-3 fluorobenzonitrile N C N Hq F 67 c (Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecar N C N bonitrile H OH 68 c (Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecar NC N']:--.. OH bonitrile H - 173 - Intermediate # Name Structure OH 69 c (Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecar N C><N bonitrile H 0 ob4-((l-Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-3 -fluoro-N- N"~ 7methylbenzamide N C ><NH H F 0 71 e Methyl 4-(( 1-cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-3

-

-" 0 Difuoopenluominzycobtaebnte N C NF H F 72 1-(2,F Difluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C N H F F 73d1-((2,3,- , Trifluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C N H F F F. Difluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C N H F 76 C 2-Meyl(-yamino)roaneabnitrile N C'>'N H H HH - 174 - Intermediate # Name Structure 781-((1H-Indazol-6 7cyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C N N' H H ge ~1-(Benzo[d]oxazol-6- . 1 79 ylamino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N H 80 -4((-C OH Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)phenyl)butanoic acid NC NH 81b 1 -((4-(3- OH 8 ~ Hydroxypropyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarb N C onitrile H -~N 84 yl -pheny (arnino ylobuae a ron it C~ -. N 85 ~~yl)phenyl)arnino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile CN -N H NC N H e 1((4(Pridn-

N

Intermediate # Name Structure 87 e yl)ethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecar bonitrile NC 1 N H 1 -((4-((Methyl(pyridin-4- N 88 e ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobu N C N -N tanecarbonitnile H 1 -((4-((4-Methylpiperazin- 1 - N 89 e yl)methyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitri N le H gob 1((4-Bomo-3 Br fluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N C N -~F H N 91C -((4(6-Mthylyridn-3 91yl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N CN N 92yl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N CN N 93yl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N CN N 94c -((4(2-Mthylyridn-3 94yl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile N CN 1 -((4-(Methyl( 1 -methylpiperidin-4-N 95 yl)amino)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitril N e N C N H - 176 - Intermediate # Name Structure 96 ~yl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile CN N N N 97c ~ 1-((4-(5-Fluoropyridin-3-IF 97Cyl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile F 0 98c 4-((l1 -Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-N,2- ,/ - N dimethylbenzamide NC<N~H H 0 99C ~4-((l1-Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-methoxy-N- ' 99 C methylbenzamide N~ H 0 looc 2-Chloro-4-(( 1 -cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-N-N 10methylbenzamide NC)<'Nj C, H H 0 101 yl)phenyl)arnino)cyciobutanecarbonitrile N~ H 0 102c 4-((l1-Cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-N-methyl-2- NN (trifluoromethyl)benzamide N>N H HC NC CF 3 0 103c 4-((l1 -Cyanocyclopentyl)amino)-2-fluoro-N-N 13methylbenzamide NQ CD FH H 0 104io~ylbtaeaboirl N CN NH) H - 177 - Intermediate # Name Structure 105 e 1-((4-(Furan-2- NC1 yl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N H 106 e 1-((4-(5-Methylfuran-2 yl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N SOH 107 a 1-((4- z O Hydroxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile NC N H a Aminonitrile synthesis method A, b Aminonitrile synthesis method B, CAminonitrile synthesis method C, d Aminonitrile synthesis method D, * Aminonitrile synthesis method E. INTERMEDIATE 108 5 4-((4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentyl)thio)butan-1-ol Step 1: 4-(Benzyloxy)butyl methanesulfonate -S 0 [00407] Methanesulfonyl chloride (1 mL, 13.3 mmol) was added to a cooled (0 0 C) solution of 4 (benzyloxy)butan-1-ol (2 g, 11.1 mmol) and triethylamine (1.9 mL, 13.3 mmol) in DCM (20 10 mL) and it was stirred at 0 0 C for lh. HCl (IM) was added to the reaction mixture and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2x). The organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 4-(benzyloxy)butyl methanesulfonate as a yellow oil. LCMS [M + 1] 259.5. Step 2: 4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 0 11 15 CF3 15 , [00408] A mixture of 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentan-1-ol (1 g, 5.6 mmol), p toluenesulfonylchloride (1.3 g, 6.8 mmol), and triethylamine (1.2 mL, 8.4 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18h. Water was added to the reaction mixture, the two layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2x). The organics were 20 combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by - 178 column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 20% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 1.7 g of 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate as a colorless oil. Step 3: 2-(4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentyl)isothiouronium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 0 S-0-

NH

2 +

H

2 N S CF3 F F 5 [00409] A mixture of 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.7 g, 5.1 mmol) and thiourea (430 mg, 5.6 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was refluxed for 18h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and most of the ethanol was removed in vacuo. Hexanes and Et 2 0 were added until a white precipitate started to form and the mixture was allowed to sit at room temperature for 30 min. The white solid was filtered, washed with hexanes, and dried to afford 10 1.7 g of 2-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)isothiouronium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate as a white solid. LCMS [M + 1] 237.4. Step 4: (4-(Benzyloxy)butyl)(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfane F F [00410] A mixture of 4-(benzyloxy)butyl methanesulfonate (759 mg, 2.9 mmol), 2-(4,4,5,5,5 15 pentafluoropentyl)isothiouronium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.2 g, 2.9 mmol), NaOH (5M, 5 mL) in DMF (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4h. EtOAc was added to the reaction mixture and the organic layer was washed with brine (2x), dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 20% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 960 mg of (4-(benzyloxy)butyl)(4,4,5,5,5 20 pentafluoropentyl)sulfane as a yellow oil. LCMS [M + 1] 357.5. Step 5: 4-((4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentyl)thio)butan-1-ol H O,_ ,,-,S-,, CF3 F F [00411] BBr 3 (IM in DCM, 2.9 mL, 2.9 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of (4 (benzyloxy)butyl)(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfane (340 mg, 0.95 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) 25 cooled to -78'C. The temperature was allowed to warm up to room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 18h. Water was slowly added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min. The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x). The organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 50 to 100% EtOAc/hexanes 30 to afford 171 mg of 4-((4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)thio)butan-1-ol as a colorless oil. - 179 - INTERMEDIATE 109 4-((4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl)butan-1-ol HO' CF3 F F 5 [00412] m-CPBA (64 mg, 0.37 mmol) was added to a cooled (0 0 C) solution of 4-((4,4,5,5,5 pentafluoropentyl)thio)butan-1-ol (76 mg, 0.28 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) and it was stirred at 0 0 C for 30 min. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and was partitioned between a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate and DCM. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column 10 chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 10% MeOH/DCM to afford 52 mg of 4 ((4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl)butan- 1 -ol as a white solid. INTERMEDIATE 110 5-Amino-3-(difluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 15 Step 1: (5-Bromo-2-chloropyridin-3-yl)methanol CI N HO I Br [00413] To a mixture of NaBH 4 (5.8 g, 152. 6 mmol, 4 eq) and anhydrous CaCl 2 (16.9 g, 152. 6 mmol) in dry DCM (100 mL) at 0 0 C, was added slowly methyl 5-bromo-2-chloronicotinate (9.5 20 g, 38.15 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12h. Water was added to the reaction mixture at 0 0 C. The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo, to afford 6.8 g (crude) of (5-bromo-2-chloropyridin-3 yl)methanol, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS [M+H]+ 223.1. Step 2: 5-Bromo-2-chloronicotinaldehyde CI N 25 : ZBr [00414] To a solution of (5-bromo-2-chloropyridin-3-yl)methanol (6.8 g, 30.6 mmol) in DCM (200 mL), was added Dess-Martin periodinane (32.4 g, 76.6 mmol) at 0 0 C. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0 to 30% EtOAc in 30 petroleum ether) to afford 5.05 g of 5-bromo-2-chloronicotinaldehyde. LCMS [M+H]+ 221.1. Step 3: 5-Bromo-2-chloro-3-(difluoromethyl)pyridine - 180 - CI N F Br F [00415] To a solution of 5-bromo-2-chloronicotinaldehyde (5.05 g, 23.2 mmol) in DCM (30 mL), were added ethanol (0.13 mL, 2.32 mmol) and DAST (7.51 g, 46.4 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2h at that temperature. To the reaction 5 mixture was slowly added saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0 to 50% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford 3.80 g of 5-bromo-2-chloro-3-(difluoromethyl)pyridine. LCMS [M+H]+ 243.1. Step 4: 5-Amino-3-(difluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N F

NH

2 10 F [00416] The title compound was synthesized as described in Intermediate 1 (Steps 3-5) using 5 bromo-2-chloro-3-(difluoromethyl)pyridine as the starting material. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.09 (d, 1H), 7.28-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.80 (s, 2H). LCMS [M+H]f 170.1. 15 EXAMPLE 1: Synthesis of Compound 1 (Thiohydantoin synthesis method A) 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N F3C N - OH 0i- F [00417] Thiophosgene (1.3 mL, 16.04 mmol) was added to a mixture of 5-amino-3 20 (trifluoromethyl) picolinonitrile (Intermediate 1, 3 g, 16.0 mmol) and 1-((3-fluoro-4 hydroxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutane-carbonitrile (Intermediate 19, 3.3 g, 16.0 mmol) in DMA (40 mL) and the mixture was heated to 60'C for 18h. MeOH (60 mL) and HCl (2M, 40 mL) were added and the mixture was refluxed for 2h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and slowly poured into an ice/water bath. The brown solid was filtered, washed with water, 25 dried, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 3 g of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a beige solid. 'H NMR (300 - 181 - MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 10.44 (s, 1H), 9.21 (d, 1H), 8.74 (d, 1H), 7.27-7.05 (m, 3H), 2.64-2.42 (m, 4H), 2.01-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.54 (m, 1H). EXAMPLE 2: Synthesis of Compound 2 (Thiohydantoin synthesis method B) 5 5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-thioxo-7-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl) 5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-8-one N N / OH

F

3 C N 0 [00418] A mixture of 6-isothiocyanato-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine (Intermediate 8, 545 mg, 2.22 mmol) and 1-((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile 10 (Intermediate 25, 418 mg, 2.22 mmol) in DMA (15 mL) was heated to 60'C for 2h. MeOH (10 mL) and HCl (2M, 10 mL) were added and the mixture was refluxed for 1h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and slowly poured into an ice/water bath. The dark brown solid was filtered, washed with water, dried, and purified by reverse phase HPLC (Acetonitrile/water:TFA) to afford 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-thioxo-7-(3-(trifluoromethyl) 15 [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-8-one as a light brown solid. LCMS [M + 1] 435.4. EXAMPLE 3: Synthesis of Compound 3 Ethyl 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoate NC N I S

F

3 C NAN \/ O-\ 01- F [00419] A mixture of thiophosgene (0.55 mL, 5.35 mmol), 5-amino-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Intermediate 1, Ig, 5.35 mmol), and ethyl 4-((1 cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-fluorobenzoate (Intermediate 20, 1.4g, 5.35 mmol) in DMA (25 mL) 25 was heated to 70'C overnight. MeOH (20 mL) and HCl (2M, 20 mL) were added and the mixture was refluxed for 2h then cooled to room temperature. Water/ice was added and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (4x). The organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 1 g of ethyl 4-(7-(6-cyano-5 - 182 - (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoate as a yellow foam. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.13 (m, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 4.37 (q, 2H), 2.65-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.34 (t, 3H). 5 EXAMPLE 4: Synthesis of Compound 4 5-(5-(4-Bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N I S

F

3 C NA Br 0-6 F 10 [00420] Thiophosgene (0.36 mL, 4.67 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 5-amino-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Intermediate 1, 795 mg, 4.25 mmol) and 1-((4-bromo-3 fluorophenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile (Intermediate 90, 1.14g, 4.25 mmol) in DMA (30 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to 60'C overnight. MeOH (8 mL) and HCl (2M, 8 mL) were added and the mixture was refluxed for 2h then cooled to room temperature. Water was 15 slowly added until a light brown solid precipitated. The solid was filtered, washed with water, dried, dissolved in MeOH, and absorbed on silica gel. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 10% EtOAc/hexanes afforded 616 mg of 5-(5-(4-bromo-3 fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.21 (d, 1H), 8.74 (d, 1H), 8.00 (t, 1H), 7.55 20 (dd, 1H), 7.28 (dd, 1H), 2.67-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.45 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.56 (m, 1H). EXAMPLE 5: Synthesis of Compound 5 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 25 fluoro-N-methylbenzamide NC N

-

0 H 0 F [00421] A mixture of 5-isothiocyanato-3-methylpicolinonitrile (Intermediate 6, 2.9g, 16.57 mmol) and 4-((1-cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide (Intermediate 21, 2.7g, 11.05 mmol) in DMA was heated to 65'C overnight. MeOH (50 mL) and HCl (2M, 70 mL) - 183 were added and the mixture was heated to 105'C for 1h then cooled to room temperature. Water was slowly added until a yellow solid precipitated and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3h. The solid was filtered, washed with water, dissolved in DCM, dried over sodium sulfate, and absorbed on silica gel. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel 5 eluting with 0 to 100% EtOAc/hexanes afforded a pale yellow solid. This solid was triturated in MeOH, filtered, and dried to afford 1.39g (29%) of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo 6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.64 (d, 1H), 8.40 (in, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H), 7.75 (t, 1H), 7.43 (dd, 1H), 7.32 (dd, 1H), 2.73 (d, 3H), 2.59-2.53 (in, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.44-2.23 (in, 2H), 1.91-1.88 10 (in, 1H), 1.52-1.48 (in, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 424.0. EXAMPLE 6: Synthesis of Compound 6 4-(3-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-yl)-2 fluoro-N-methylbenzamide NC N

-

0 NA IN

..

0 FH 15 [00422] Thiophosgene (0.35 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-((1 cyanocyclopentyl)amino)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide (Intermediate 103, 400 mg, 1.53 mmol) and 5-amino-3-methylpicolinonitrile (Intermediate 2, 303 mg, 2.28 mmol) in DMA (30 mL) under N 2 atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60'C overnight. MeOH (22 mL) and 20 HCl (2M, 11 mL) were added and the mixture was refluxed for 2h then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water (75 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (1:5 EtOAc/petroleum ether), to afford 300 mg of 4-(3-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-yl)-2 25 fluoro-N-methylbenzamide as a light yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.47 (in, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.78 (in, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 2.81 (d, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.21 (in, 4H), 1.72 (in, 2H), 1.41 (in, 2H). LCMS [M+1f] 438.1. EXAMPLE 7: Synthesis of Compound 7 30 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7 yl)picolinonitrile - 184 - NC N N N 01 [00423] Thiophosgene (0.1 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 1-((4-(5-methylfuran-2 yl)phenyl)amino)cyclobutanecarbonitrile (Intermediate 106, 280 mg, 1.11 mmol) and 5-amino 3-methylpicolinonitrile (Intermediate 2, 177 mg, 1.33 mmol) in DMA (20 mL). The resulting 5 mixture was stirred at 60'C overnight. MeOH (16 mL) and HCl (2M, 8 mL) were added and the mixture was refluxed for 2h then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (1:3 EtOAc/petroleum ether), to afford 140 mg of 3 10 methyl-5-(5-(4-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)picolinonitrile. 1 HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 2H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 6.98 (d, 1H), 6.28 (d, 1H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.51-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.57 (m, 1H). LCMS [M+1] 429.1. [00424] Compounds 8 to 117 were synthesized from the appropriate amines (amines were 15 either commercially available, synthesized in the Intermediates section, or synthesized from literature procedures) and amino cyanohydrins, according to the conditions indicated (see footnotes): 8 a 9 a, 10 a a, 12 a, 13 a 4 a, 15 a, 16 b, 17 b, 18 b, 19 a, 20 a, 21 a, 22 a, 23 a, 24 b, 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 a, 30 , 31 , 32 a, 33 a, 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 a, 39 b, 40 , 41 , 42 a, 43a 44 b, 45 , 46 a 47 b, 48 b, 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 a, 57 , 58 , 59 b, 60 , 61 20 , 62 , 63 a, 64 a, 65 , 66 , 67 a, 68 a, 69 a, 70 a 71 a, 72 a, 73 a 74 a, 75 a, 76 a 77 a, 78 a ,79 a, 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 a, 87 a, 88 a, 89 b,90 , 91 b, 92 b, 93 b, 94 a, 95 a, 96 a 97 a, 98 a 99 a, oo a, 101 a, 102 a, 103 a, 104 a, 105 a, 106 a, 107 a, 108 a, 19 b, 110 a I , 112 a, 113 a, a, a, 1 b b ab 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 .a Thiohydantoin synthesis method A. b Thiohydantoin synthesis method B. 25 EXAMPLE 8: Synthesis of Compound 118 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile 30 - 185 - NC N I S - ( "NH

F

3 C NkN / Nj 01 [00425] A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(4-(1 -cyanocyclobutylamino)phenyl)piperazine- 1 -carboxylate (Intermediate 86, 0.25 g, 0.70 mmol) and 5-isothiocyanato-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Intermediate 10, 241 mg, 1.05 mmol) in DMA (5 mL) was heated to 80'C for 12 h. 2M 5 HCl/MeOH = 1/1 (10 mL) was added then and the resulting mixture was heated at 100 'C for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water (3x), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Prep-HPLC (20% acetonitrile in water) to afford 75 mg of 5-(8-oxo-5 (4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl) -3 10 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile. 'HNMR (DMSO-d 6 , 300 MHz) 6 9.26 (s, 1H), 9.19 (m, 1H), 8.74 (m, 1H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 3.48 (m, 4H), 3.22 (m, 4H), 2.60-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.48 2.40 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.63 (m, 1H). LCMS [M+H]f 487.1. EXAMPLE 9: Synthesis of Compound 119 15 [0001] tert-Butyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6 thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate NC N O

F

3 C N 'N \/ Nj 0 [00426] To a solution of 5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(piperazin- 1 -yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl) -3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (15 mg, 0.031 mmol) in dry DCM 20 (2 mL) was added TEA (6 pLl, 0.062 mmol) and (Boc) 2 0 (10 mg, 0.046 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3h and then concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0 to 20% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford 10 mg of tert-butyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5 yl)phenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 , 300 MHz) 6 9.10 (d, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 25 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.04 (d, 2H), 3.60 (m, 4H), 3.27 (m, 4H), 2.63-2.60 (m, 4H), 2.24-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.49 (s, 9H). EXAMPLE 10: Synthesis of Compound 120 - 186 - 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5 yl)-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide NC N

F

3 C N AN N O- H [00427] A mixture of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 5 diazaspiro-[3.4]octan-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide (Compound 81, 97 mg, 0.20 mmol), methyl tosylate (37 mg, 0.20 mmol), and Cs 2

CO

3 (65 mg, 0.20 mmol) in acetonitrile (1 mL) was heated at 50'C for 20h in a sealed tube. After being cooled room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give a residue that was purified by column 10 chromatography on silica gel (hexanes:DCM:acetone = 5:9:1) to afford 30 mg of 4-(7-(6-cyano 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]-octan-5-yl)-N methylbenzenesulfonamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.10 (dd, 2H), 7.58-7.49 (m, 2H), 4.52 (d, 1H), 2.80 (m, 3H), 2.78-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.63 2.47 (m, 2H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1 + Na]+ 518.0. 15 EXAMPLE 11: Synthesis of Compound 121 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5 yl)-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide NC N F3C N N N-~~ 01-I 20 [00428] The title compound was obtained as a side product from the procedure described for Example 10. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.02 (dd, 2H), 7.52 (dd, 2H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.83-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.21 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.64 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + Na]f 532.0. 25 EXAMPLE 12: Synthesis of Compound 122 Methyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)phenyl)butanoate - 187 - NC N

F

3 C O 00 [00429] A mixture of 5-isothiocyanato-3-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carbonitrile (Intermediate 10, 582 mg, 2.54 mmol) and 4-(4-(1-cyanocyclobutylamino)phenyl)butanoic acid (Intermediate 80, 410 mg, 1.59 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. To this 5 mixture were added methanol (4 mL) and HCl (2M, 2 mL) and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 3h. After being cooled room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into cold water and extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness. Column chromatography of the residue on silica gel (Hexane:EtOAc = 4:1) afforded 256 mg of methyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridin 10 3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenyl)butanoate as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 9.11 (d, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.36-7.19 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.87-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.53 (m, 4H), 2.42 (t, 2H), 2.26 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.61 (m, 1H). LCMS [M +1] 503.0. 15 EXAMPLE 13: Synthesis of Compound 123 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N S

F

3 C D N' N - F 0 OH [00430] Trimethylsilyl iodide (7.0 ml, 51.1 mmol) was added to a solution of 5-(5-(4-fluoro-3 20 methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 32, 3 g, 5.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) and the mixture was refluxed for 24h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into water, and extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organics were combined, washed with sat'd solution of NaHSO 3 , dried over MgSO 4 , and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column 25 chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc/Hexane = 1/5 to afford 1.1 g of 5-(5-(4 fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 9.10 (d, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H),7.27 7.22 (m, 1H), 6.93 (dd, 1H), 6.78 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.59 (m, 4H). - 188 - EXAMPLE 14: Synthesis of Compound 124 5-(5-(4-(3-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N IS

F

3 C N N N-N N O U 5 [00431] A solution of 5-(5-(4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 86, 66 mg, 0.14 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.033 mL, 0.42 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2h. The solution was washed with water (2x) and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give 80 mg of the corresponding mesylate without purification. The 10 mesylate (45 mg, 0.084 mmol), methyl piperazine (0.02 mL, 0.17 mmol) and triethylamine (0.04 mL, 0.25 mmol) in dichloromethane was stirred at room temperature overnight, then at reflux for 16h. The mixture was partitioned between water and DCM and the aqueous was further extracted with DCM (2x). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated. Purification by silica gel chromatography (0 to 80% 15 EtOAc/hexanes) afforded 20 mg of 5-(5-(4-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6 thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a beige solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.23 (d, 1H), 8.77 (d, 1H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.31 (d, 2H), 2.76-2.57 (m, 4H), 2.49-2.23 (m, 5H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.02-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.73 (m, 3H), 1.59-1.46 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 543.1. 20 EXAMPLE 15: Synthesis of Compound 125 5-(5-(Benzo [d] oxazol-6-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile Step 1: 5-(5-(4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 25 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N F3C -N N NH 2 O OH [00432] A mixture of 5-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Intermediate 1, 110 mg, 0.59 mmol), benzo[d]oxazol-6-amine (Intermediate 79, 125 mg, 0.59 mmol), and thiophosgene (0.05 - 189 mL, 0.60 mmol) in anhydrous DMA (3 mL) was stirred at 60'C for 16h. Methanol (3 mL) and 2M HCl (1.5 mL) were then added and the mixture was heated at 90'C for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured into ice/water (40 mL) and the resultant solid was filtered to afford 150 mg of 5-(5-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 5 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a brown powder. LCMS [M + 1] 434.0. Step 2: 5-(5-(Benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N S

F

3 C N N [00433] A mixture of 5-(5-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 10 7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (60 mg, 0.14 mmol) and triethylorthoformate (0.050 mL, 0.28 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1 mL) was heated at 100'C, lh. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc (3x), the organics combined and washed with water (2x), brine, dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography, eluting with 30% EtOAc/hexanes provided 23 mg of 5-(5-(benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 15 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a pale yellow solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.24 (d, 1H), 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.78 (d, 1H), 8.05 (d, 1H), 7.94 (d, 1H), 7.45 (dd, 1H), 2.74-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.59-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.48 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 444.0. 20 EXAMPLE 16: Synthesis of Compound 126 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N

F

3 C N N O 0 , - F N / [00434] A mixture of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 25 7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 1, 100 mg, 0.23 mmol), 2-(1-methyl-iH pyrazol-5-yl)ethanol (43.5 mg, 0.34 mmol), triphenylphosphine (89 mg, 0.34 mmol), and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.07 mL, 0.34 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18h. The reaction mixture was absorbed on silica gel and purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with EtOAc/hexanes to afford impure desired product that - 190 was repurified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water:TFA). The fractions containing the desired compound were combined, acetonitrile was removed in vacuo, and the remaining aqueous layer was treated with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and 5 evaporated to dryness to afford 29 mg of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) picolinonitrile as a beige solid. LCMS [M + 1] 545.5. EXAMPLE 17: Synthesis of Compound 127 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 10 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N S

F

3 C N N 0 0 F Q [00435] A mixture of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 1, 100 mg, 0.23 mmol), 2-(pyrrolidin-1 yl)ethanol (35pjL, 0.30 mmol), triphenylphosphine (79 mg, 0.30 mmol), and diisopropyl 15 azodicarboxylate (60 piL, 0.30 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The reaction mixture was absorbed on silica gel and purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 10% MeOH/DCM to afford impure desired product that was repurified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water, 0.10% TFA). The fractions containing the desired compound were combined, acetonitrile was removed in vacuo, and the remaining 20 aqueous layer was treated with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 30 mg of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a white solid. H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.21 (d, 1H), 8.74 (d, 1H), 7.40 (t, 1H), 7.35 (dd, 1H), 7.22 25 (d, 1H), 4.24 (t, 2H), 2.86 (t, 2H), 2.65-2.42 (m, 8H), 1.98-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 4H), 1.60 1.54 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 534.9. EXAMPLE 18: Synthesis of Compound 128 5-(5-(4-(Benzyloxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile - 191 - NC N

F

3 C NANO / [00436] A mixture of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Example 1, 100 mg, 0.23 mmol), benzyl alcohol (35 ptL, 0.30 mmol) triphenylphosphine (79 mg, 0.30 mmol), and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (60 5 piL, 0.30 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 days then heated to 60'C overnight. The reaction mixture was absorbed on silica gel and purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/Hexanes to afford impure desired product. The solid was triturated in MeOH, filtered, and dried to afford 36 mg of 5-(5-(4 (benzyloxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 10 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.21 (d, 1H), 8.75 (d, 1H), 7.53-7.36 (m, 7H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 2.66-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.55 (m, 1H). EXAMPLE 19: Synthesis of Compound 129 15 5-(5-(4-((1-Methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N IS

F

3 C N K\ N [00437] To a solution of 5-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl) 3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 63, 150 mg, 0.36 mmol), 1-methylpiperidin-4-ol 20 (50pL, 0.39 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (125 mg, 0.47 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL) was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.1 mL, 0.47 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Additional 1-methylpiperidin-4-ol (50pL, 0.39 mmol), triphenylphosphine (125 mg, 0.47 mmol) and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.1 mL, 0.47 mmol) was added and the reaction was allowed to stir an additional 16h. The mixture was 25 partitioned between EtOAc and water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organics were washed with water and brine, then dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (0 to 80% EtOAc/hexanes, then 0 to 5% MeOH/dichloromethane) gave impure product which was further - 192 purified by preparative HPLC (40 to 75% acetonitrile/water, 0.10% TFA) to afford 45 mg of 5 (5-(4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a pale yellow solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.22 (d, 1H), 8.76 (d, 1H), 7.30 (d, 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H), 4.52-4.39 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.56 (m, 4H), 2.49 5 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.14 (m, 5H), 2.03-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.77-1.49 (m, 3H). LCMS [M + 1] 516.0. [00438] Compounds 130 to 201 were synthesized following the procedure described in Example 16 from the appropriate phenols and alcohols (phenols and alcohols were either commercially available, synthesized in the Intermediates section, or synthesized from published procedures). 10 EXAMPLE 20: Synthesis of Compound 202 5-(5-(4-(2-(4-Acetylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N

F

3 C N ' N / 0 F N 15 [00439] A mixture of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 174, 50 mg, 0.1 mmol), acetic anhydride (13 piL, 0.14 mmol), and triethylamine (40 piL, 0.27 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The reaction mixture was absorbed on silica gel and purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 10% MeOH/DCM to 20 afford 34 mg of 5-(5-(4-(2-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a white solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 7.42 (t, 1H), 7.35 (dd, 1H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 4.28 (t, 2H), 3.42 (m, 4H), 2.80 (t, 2H), 2.65-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.44 (m, 6H), 1.98 (m, 4H), 1.57 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 591.9. 25 EXAMPLE 21: Synthesis of Compound 203 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile - 193 - NC N

F

3 C N \/ O\ 0-6 F [00440] A mixture of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 1, 100 mg, 0.23 mmol), methyl iodide (0.14 mL, 0.23 mmol), and potassium carbonate (31 mg, 0.23 mmol) in acetone (4 mL) was stirred at 5 room temperature for 4h. Excess potassium carbonate was removed and the reaction mixture was absorbed on silica gel and purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 30% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 74 mg of 5-(5-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a white solid. LCMS [M + 1]i 451.4 10 [00441] Compounds 204 and 205 were synthesized following the procedure described in Example 21 from the appropriate phenols. EXAMPLE 22: Synthesis of Compound 206 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 15 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N

F

3 C NAN \/ N 0 N [00442] A mixture of 5-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 63, 50 mg, 0.12 mmol), 2-chloropyrimidine (17 mg, 0.15 mmol), and cesium carbonate (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) in anhydrous THF (1.2 mL) was heated 20 at reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and water was added. The aqueous was extracted with EtOAc (3x), the organics combined and washed with brine, dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 60% EtOAc/hexanes provided 30 mg of 5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-6 thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as an off-white solid. 25 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.24 (d, 1H), 8.78 (d, 1H), 8.73 (d, 2H), 7.48 (dd, 4H), 7.35 (t, 1H), 2.72-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.52 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 497.8. EXAMPLE 23: Synthesis of Compound 207 - 194 - 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N

F

3 C NAN N [00443] A mixture of 5-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 5 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (Compound 63, 100 mg, 0.24 mmol), NaH (14 mg, 0.36 mmol, 60% dispersion in oil) and chloropyrazine (0.025 mL, 0.29 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1.4 mL) was heated at 90'C for 16h. Additional chloropyrazine (0.025 mL, 0.29 mmol) was added and heating was continued for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and water was added. The aqueous was extracted with EtOAc (3x), the organics combined and 10 washed with brine, dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/hexanes afforded 50 mg of impure product. Further purification by preparative HPLC (30 to 100% acetonitrile/water, 10 min) provided 10 mg of 5 (8-oxo-5-(4-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as an off-white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.23 (d, 15 1H), 8.78 (d, 1H), 8.65 (d, 1H), 8.46 (d, 1H), 8.31 (dd, 1H), 7.48 (dd, 4H), 2.75-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.53 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 496.9. [00444] Compounds 208 and 209 were synthesized following the procedure described in Example 23 from the appropriate phenols. 20 EXAMPLE 24: Synthesis of Compound 210 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)picolinonitrile NC N N O 0 NH [00445] Tert-butyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 25 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (prepared by reaction of 5-(5-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile (Compound 77) with tert-butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate, according to Example 16, 300 mg, 0.55 mmol) was stirred in 2M HCl/methanol (1.5 mL) at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography, eluting with 10% - 195 - MeOH/DCM to provide 230 mg of 3-methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6 thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile as a white solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.72 (d, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.30 (d, 2H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 4.53-4.42 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.83 (m, 3H), 2.66-2.50 (m, 5H), 2.49-2.33 (m, 3H), 2.11-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.60-1.33 5 (m, 3H). LCMS [M + 1] 448.1. EXAMPLE 25: Synthesis of Compound 211 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N I S

F

3 C NAN O /0 10 0 NH [00446] The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 24 using Compound 63 as the starting material. 'HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.22 (d, 1H), 8.75 (d, 1H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 7.16 (d, 2H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 1H), 3.01-2.94 (dt, 2H), 2.64-2.57 (m, 4H), 2.51-2.38 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.58-1.43 (m, 3H). LCMS [M + 1] 502.2. 15 EXAMPLE 26: Synthesis of Compound 212 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-((1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N

F

3 C NA N -a\ 20 [00447] Propionyl chloride (17 piL, 0.2 mmol) was added to a mixture of 5-(8-oxo-5-(4 (piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (50 mg, 0.1 mmol) and triethylamine (28 piL, 0.2 mmol) in THF (2mL) and the resulting milky mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Methanol was added to quench the reaction and the mixture was absorbed on silica gel and purified by 25 column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 50 to 100% EtOAc/hexanes to afford 21 mg of 5-(8-oxo-5-(4-((1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as a white solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.15 - 196 - (d, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 4.62 (m, 1H), 3.85 (i, 1H), 3.62 (m, 1H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.25 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.88 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.45 (m, 3H), 0.93 (t, 3H). LCMS [M + 1] 558.1. [00448] Compounds 213 to 219 were synthesized following the procedure described in 5 Example 26 from the appropriate piperidines and the appropriate acid chlorides, chloroformates, alkyl bromides, or sulfonyl chlorides. EXAMPLE 27: Synthesis of Compound 220 5-(5-(4-((1-Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 10 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile NC N F3C NN N [00449] To a solution of 5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (50 mg, 0.10 mmol) in anhydrous THF (1 mL) was added 2-bromopropane (20 pL, 0.20 mmol) followed by cesium carbonate 15 (100 mg, 0.30 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 70 0 C overnight. DMF (1 mL) was added to improve solubility and the reaction was heated at 85 0 C for 3 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between water and EtOAc. The aqueous was extracted further with EtOAc (2x) and the combined organics were washed with water, then brine. The organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification 20 by preparative HPLC provided 5 mg of 5-(5-(4-((1-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo 6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile as an off-white solid. H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.04 (d, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 6.99 (d, 2H), 4.37 4.26 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.33 (m, 1OH), 2.25-1.74 (m, 5H), 1.00 (d, 6H). LCMS [M + 1] 544.0. 25 EXAMPLE 28: Synthesis of Compound 221 Ethyl 2-(4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenoxy)piperidin-1-yl)acetate - 197 - NC N I S

F

3 C NAN O 0 0 O\ [00450] The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 27 using 5-(8-oxo-5-(4 (piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile and ethyl 2-bromoacetate as starting materials. LCMS [M + I]+ 5 588.1. EXAMPLE 29: Synthesis of Compound 222 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan 5-yl)phenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxamide NC N IS

F

3 C N N 10 H 2 N [00451] A mixture of 5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile (70 mg, 0.14 mmol) and isocyanatotrimethylsilane (23 piL, 0.17 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water was added and the mixture was stirred vigorously for 1h. The aqueous layer 15 was extracted with DCM (3x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. Column chromatography on silica gel (0 to 20% MeOH/DCM) afforded 55 mg of 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxamide as a white solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.15 (s, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 7.12 (d, 2H), 5.92 (s, 2H), 4.53 (m, 20 1H), 3.67-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 3H), 1.46 (m, 3H). LCMS [M + 1] 545.2 EXAMPLE 30: Synthesis of Compound 223 5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 25 methylpicolinonitrile - 198 - NC N N 0 O AOH [00452] Dihydrofuran-2,5-dione (604 mg, 6.87 mmol) in DMF (5mL) was added to a mixture of 5-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile (500 mg, 1.37 mmol) and potassium carbonate (378 mg, 2.74 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) and the 5 resulting mixture was heated to 85'C overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between water and EtOAc. The aqueous was extracted further with EtOAc (2x) and the combined organics were washed with water, then brine. The organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Column chromatography on silica gel (50 to 100% EtOAc/hexanes) afforded 396 mg of 5-(5-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 10 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile as a white solid. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 8.71 (d, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 4.92 (t, 1H), 4.11-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.73 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.5 (m, 5H), 2.49-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.51 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 409.0. 15 EXAMPLE 31: Synthesis of Compound 224 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5 yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid NC N

F

3 C N N \/ OH 01- F [00453] A mixture of ethyl 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoate (Compound 3, 1 g, 2.03 mmol) and NaOH (3M, 10 mL) in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18h. Aqueous HCl (2M) was added to the reaction mixture until the pH =2 and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (5x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 900 mg of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5 25 yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid as a light yellow solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 13.58 (s, 1H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.13 (t, 1H), 7.51 (dd, 1H), 7.43 (dd, 1H), 2.69-2.49 (m, 4H), 2.03-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.57 (m, 1H). [00454] Compounds 225 to 228 were synthesized following the procedure described in Example 31 from the corresponding ester. - 199 - EXAMPLE 32: Synthesis of Compound 229 5-(7-(6-Carbamoyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid 0 N

H

2 N S

F

3 C NN F O ;OH 5 0 [00455] The title compound was synthesized as a by-product in the synthesis of Compound 226. 'H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 13.63 (s, 1H), 8.95 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.95 (m, 2H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.58 (t, 1H), 2.65 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.56 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 483.4. 10 EXAMPLE 33: Synthesis of Compound 230 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan 5-yl)phenyl)-N-methylbutanamide NC N

F

3 C H N 15 [00456] To a solution of 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenyl)butanoic acid (Compound 227, 85 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) were added triethylamine (0.0 13 mL, 0.09 mmol) and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (15 mg, 0.07 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for lh and methylamine (0.3 mL, 2M in THF) was added. After 30 min, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with 20 EtOAc (2x). The organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. Column chromatography on silica gel (Hexane:EtOAc = 1:1) afforded 35 mg (40%) of 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenyl)-N methylbutanamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 9.11 (d, 1H), 8.38 (d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.22 (d, 2H), 2.86-2.81 (m, 3H), 2.81-2.73 (t, 2H), 2.73-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.53 25 (m, 2H), 2.26 (t, 2H), 2.24-2.17 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.69 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 502.0. EXAMPLE 34: Synthesis of Compound 231 - 200 - 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5 yl)-2-fluorobenzamide NC N IS

F

3 C NAN\/

NH

2 01- F [00457] To a suspension of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 5 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid (Compound 224, 500 mg, 1.08 mmol) in DCM was added DMF (cat., 0.1 mL), followed by oxalyl chloride (0.14 mL, 1.61 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h then concentrated in vacuo to produce a yellow residue that was further dried on a high vacuum pump. Ammonia (0.5M in dioxane, 40 mL, 20 mmol) was directly added to the residue and the mixture was stirred at room temperature 10 overnight. MeOH was added and the mixture was absorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography (50 to 100% EtOAc/Hexanes) to afford impure desired product that was repurified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water:TFA). The fractions containing the desired compound were combined, acetonitrile was removed in vacuo, and the remaining aqueous layer was treated with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer 15 was extracted with DCM (3x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 100 mg of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8 oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.87 (t, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.46 (dd, 1H), 7.37 (dd, 1H), 2.69-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.58 (m, 1H). 20 [00458] Compounds 232 and 233 were synthesized following the procedure described in Example 34 from the appropriate carboxylic acids. EXAMPLE 35: Synthesis of Compound 234 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5 25 yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide NC N N S 0

F

3 C NNN N 0 F / [00459] A mixture of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid (Compound 224, 100 mg, 0.21 mmol), 2 (pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanamine (32 mg, 0.28 mmol), HATU (106 mg, 0.28 mmol), and DIEA (0.1 - 201 mL, 0.63 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) and DMF (1.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18h. Brine and EtOAc were added and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (4x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 10% MeOH/DCM to 5 afford impure desired product that was repurified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water:TFA). The fractions containing the desired compound were combined, acetonitrile was removed in vacuo, and the remaining aqueous layer was treated with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 88 mg of 4-(7 10 (6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide as an off-white solid. LCMS [M + 1]+ 561.1. EXAMPLE 36: Synthesis of Compound 235 N-Benzyl-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 15 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide NC N N S 0 F 3 C N A N d06 F [00460] A mixture of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid (Compound 224, 68 mg, 0.14 mmol), benzylamine (22 mg, 0.21 mmol), HATU (70 mg, 0.18 mmol), and DIEA (40 piL, 0.21 mmol) 20 in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3h. The crude reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water:TFA) to afford 51 mg of N-benzyl-4-(7-(6 cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluorobenzamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.22 (d, 1H), 9.12 (t, 1H), 8.75 (d, 1H), 7.87 (t, 1H), 7.49 (dd, 1H), 7.40 (dd, 1H), 7.37-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H), 25 4.51 (d, 1H), 2.69-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.56 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 554.5. EXAMPLE 37: Synthesis of Compound 236 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5 30 yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide - 202 - NC N F3CN H 0F N [00461] A mixture of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid (Compound 224, 70 mg, 0.15 mmol), 2 (pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine (24 mg, 0.20 mmol), HATU (74 mg, 0.20 mmol), and DIEA (80 piL, 5 0.45 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The crude reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water, 0.10% TFA). The fractions containing the desired compound were combined, acetonitrile was removed in vacuo, and the remaining aqueous layer was treated with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium 10 sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford 51 mg of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin 3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-2 yl)ethyl)benzamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.22 (d, 1H), 8.75 (d, 1H), 8.66 (t, 1H), 8.52 (d, 1H), 7.82-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.22 (m, 4H), 3.65 (q, 2H), 3.01 (t, 2H), 2.68-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.57 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 15 569.5. EXAMPLE 38: Synthesis of Compound 237 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5 yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)benzamide NC N Z S 0

F

3 C N N 20 O [00462] A mixture of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid (Compound 224, 550 mg, 1.18 mmol), 3 (pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-amine (303 mg, 2.37 mmol), HATU (673 mg, 1.77 mmol), and DIEA (0.6 mL, 3.54 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. Brine and 25 EtOAc were added and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (4x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0 to 20% MeOH/DCM to afford 4-(7-(6 cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro - 203 - N-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)benzamide as a pale orange solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.22 (d, 1H), 8.75 (d, 1H), 8.64 (t, 1H), 7.83 (t, 1H), 7.47 (dd, 1H), 7.38 (dd, 1H), 3.35 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.54 (m, 6H), 2.53-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 6H), 1.64-1.53 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 575.1. 5 [00463] The trifluoroacetic acid salt was prepared according to the following procedure: A mixture of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid (Compound 224, 70 mg, 0.15 mmol), 3 (pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-amine (25 mg, 0.20 mmol), HATU (74 mg, 0.20 mmol), and DIEA (80 piL, 0.45 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The crude 10 reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water, 0.1% TFA) to afford 60 mg of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)benzamide 2,2,2 trifluoroacetate as pale yellow solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.47 (s, 1H), 9.22 (d, 1H), 8.75 (d, 1H), 8.68 (t, 1H), 7.86 (t, 1H), 7.49 (dd, 1H), 7.41 (dd, 1H), 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.40 15 3.34 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.16 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.96 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.85 (m, 7H), 1.60-1.55 (m, 1H). LCMS [M + 1] 575.6. [00464] Compounds 238 to 311 were synthesized following the procedure described in Example 35 from the appropriate acids and amines (amines were either commercially available or synthesized from literature procedures). 20 EXAMPLE 39: Synthesis of Compound 312 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-6,8-dioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-methylbenzamide NC N

F

3 C N N\/

N

H 0-6 F 25 [00465] A mixture of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide (synthesized as described for Example 1 using 5-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl) picolinonitrile (Intermediate 1) and of 4-((1 cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide (Intermediate 21) as starting materials) (90 mg, 0.19 mmol) and H 2 0 2 (30%, 0.72 mL) in MeOH (8 mL) was stirred at room 30 temperature for 5 days. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and the organic layer was washed with water, brine, and dried over magnesium sulfate. The residue obtained - 204 was purified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water:TFA) to obtain 10 mg of 4-(7-(6-cyano 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-6,8-dioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N methylbenzamide as a white solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6 9.28 (d, 1H), 8.54 (d, 1H), 8.23 (t, 1H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 3.07 (d, 3H), 2.71 (m, 2H), 2.57 (m, 5 2H), 2.28 (m, 1H), 1.82 (m, 1H). EXAMPLE 40: Synthesis of Compound 313 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5 yl)-N-(3-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-2-fluorobenzamide 10 Step 1: 3-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamido)propyl methanesulfonate NC N NZ S0 F3C OMs [00466] A mixture of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)benzamide (Compound 306, 80 mg, 15 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (22 piL, 0.16 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was cooled to 0 0 C. Methanesulfonyl chloride (23 piL, 0.3 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Brine and EtOAc were added and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x), the organics were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford crude 3-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamido)propy methanesulfonate that was used as is. Step 2: 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-N-(3-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-2-fluorobenzamide NC N

F

3 C N 0D F [00467] A mixture of 3-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 25 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamido)propyl methanesulfonate (45 mg, 0.075 mmol), 3,3-difluoropyrrolidine hydrochloride (54 mg, 0.37 mmol), and triethylamine (0.14 mL, 1.05 mmol) in THF (2mL) was heated to 70'C overnight. Brine and EtOAc were added to a cooled reaction mixture and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x), the organics were - 205 combined, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness. The residue obtained was purified by reverse phase HPLC (acetonitrile/water:TFA) to obtain 4.2 mg of 4-(7-(6-cyano-5 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-N-(3-(3,3 difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-2-fluorobenzamide. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) 6 9.15 (s, 5 1H), 8.68 (d, 1H), 8.51 (t, 1H), 7.72 (t, 1H), 7.39 (dd, 1H), 7.30 (dd, 1H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 2.80 (t, 2H), 2.64-2.58 (m, 4H), 2.44-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.45 (m, 3H). LCMS [M + 1] 611.1. ASSAYS EXAMPLE 41 - AR In Cell Western Assay 10 [00468] LNCaP cells (8,000/well) were plated in RPMI media containing 10% Charcoal Dextran Stripped Serum into plates coated with poly-d-lysine. After 24 hours cells were treated with compound from 30pM to 0.0003pM. At 20 hours post compound addition the cells were fixed (30% formaldehyde in PBS) for 20'. Cells were permeabilized in PBS 0.1% Triton (50pl/well, three times for 5' each) and blocked with LiCor blocking buffer (50pl/well, 90'). The wells 15 were then incubated overnight at 4'C with the rabbit IgG androgen receptor antibody (AR-N20, Santa Cruz antibody) diluted 1:1000 in LiCor blocking buffer/0. 1 % Tween-20. Wells were washed with 0.10% Tween-20/PBS (50pl/well, 5' each) and then incubated in goat anti-rabbit IRDyem 800CW (1:1000) and DRAQ5 DNA dye (1:10,0000 for 5mM stock) diluted in 0.2%Tween-20/0.01%/ SDS/LiCor blocking buffer in the dark (90'). Cells were washed 20 (50pl/well, 5' each) in 0.1 %Tween-20/PBS. Wash buffer was removed and plates were read using the LiCor Odyssey. EXAMPLE 42 - AR Fluorescent Polarization Assay (Invitrogen) [00469] Compounds to be tested were diluted to 2X the final desired concentration in AR Green Assay Buffer (final DMSO: 0.6%). Fluormone AL Green and the rat AR Ligand Binding 25 Domain were diluted to 2X the final desired concentration (Fluormone: 2nM, AR LBD: 50nM) in AR Green Assay Buffer containing 2mM DTT. The AR LBD/Fluormone solution was added to all the wells of a 384 well black plate (10pl/well). The compounds were added to the AR LBD/Fluormone solution (10pl/well). The plate was incubated for 4 hours in the dark. The fluorescence polarization of each well was measured using an excitation wavelength of 485nm 30 and emission wavelength of 530nm. EXAMPLE 43 - Prostate Cancer Cell Viability Assays [00470] LNCaP, LNCaP AR, PC3, and VCaP cells were adjusted to a concentration of 30,000 cells per mL in RPMI containining 10% FBS and 20 mM HEPES. 16 microliters of the cell suspension was added to each well of a 384 well plate, and the cells were incubated overnight to 35 allow the cells to adhere. The following day a seven point, serial semilog dilution of each - 206 compound was added to the cells in 16 ptL at a final concentration ranging from 30-0.003 ptM. After 5 days' compound exposure, 16 ptL of CellTiter-GLo (Promega, Madison WI) was added to the cells the the relative luminescence units (RLUs) of each well was determined. CellTiter Glo added to 32 ptL of medium without cells was used to obtain a background value. The 5 Percent viability of each sample was determined as follows: [00471] (RLU sample-RLU background/RLU untreated cells-RLU background) x 100=%viability EXAMPLE 44 - LNCaP-AR Luciferase Transcriptional Reporter Assays [00472] LNCaP-AR-Luc were maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FCS (Cancer 10 Res 2006; 66: (21). November 1, 2006). Transcriptional assays were performed by seeding 100 ptL of cells at a density of 25,000 cells/mL into 96-well cell culture plates in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% charcoal stripped serum and allowed to attach overnight. For AR agonist assays, the compounds were serially diluted and 50 ptL of compound plus RPMI 1640 supplemented with charcoal stripped serum was added to the cells. For AR antagonist assays, 15 the compounds were serially diluted and 50 ptL of compound with RPMI plus R1881 supplemented with charcoal stripped serum were added to the cells. The final R1881 concentration used in the antagonist assays was 0.1 nM. Following 40 hour incubation the medium was removed and the cells were lysed in 40 ptL of lysis buffer (25mM Tris Phosphate, 2mM CDTA, 10% Glycerol, 0.5% Triton X-100, 2 mM DTT). Firefly luciferase activity was 20 measured immediately following the addition of 50 ptL luciferase buffer (20mM tricine, 0.1 mM EDTA, 1.07 mM (MgCo3)4 Mg(OH)2 - 5H20, 2.67 mM MgSO4, 33.3 mM DTT, 270 pM Coenzyme A, 470 pM luciferin, 530 pM ATP). EXAMPLE 45 - AR-VP16 DNA Binding Assays [00473] HepG2 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FCS. AR-VP16 25 DNA binding assays were performed by seeding 100 ptL of cells at a density of 250,000 cells/mL into 96-well cell culture plates in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% charcoal stripped serum and allowed to attach overnight. Cells were transiently transfected using Lipofectin (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Triplicate transfections were performed using 33.3 ng AR-VP16 pCDNA3 (expression vector), 66.7 ng 30 4X ARE-Luciferase (reporter vector), 16.7 ng CMVpRL (normalization vector), and 43.3 ng pCMX (filler DNA). Transfected cells were incubated overnight then treated with ligand. For agonist assays, compounds were serially diluted and 50 ptL of compound plus RPMI 1640 supplemented with charcoal stripped serum was added to the cells. For antagonist assays, the compounds were serially diluted and 50 ptL of compound with RPMI supplemented with - 207 charcoal stripped serum plus methyltrienolone (R1881) were added to the cells. The final RI 881 concentration used in the antagonist assays was 0.1 nM. Following 48 hour incubation the medium was removed and the cells were lysed in 40 ptL of lysis buffer (25mM Tris Phosphate, 2mM CDTA, 10% Glycerol, 0.5% Triton X-100, 2 mM DTT). Firefly luciferase 5 activity was measured immediately following the addition of 40 ptL luciferase buffer (20mM tricine, 0.1 mM EDTA, 1.07 mM (MgCo 3

)

4 Mg(OH) 2 - 5H20, 2.67 mM MgSO4, 33.3 mM DTT, 270 pM Coenzyme A, 470 pM luciferin, 530 pM ATP). Renilla luciferase was measured following the addition of 40 ptL colelenterazine buffer (1.1 M NaCl, 2.2 mM Na 2 EDTA, 0.22 M KxPO 4 (pH 5.1), 0.44 mg/mL BSA, 1.3 mM NaN 3 , 1.43 ptM coelenterazine, final pH adjusted to 10 5.0). [00474] Illustrative biological data for representative compounds disclosed herein is presented in the following table: ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay Compound # (Agonist mode): Agonist?' (Antagonist mode): IC 50 < 1.0 p1M 1 No Yes 2 No No 3 No No 4 No Yes 5 No Yes 6 No Yes 7 No Yes 8 No No 9 No Yes 10 No No 11 No Yes 12 No Yes 13 No Yes 14 No No 15 No No 16 No Yes 17 Yes Yes 18 Yes Yes 19 No No 20 No Yes 21 No Yes 22 No Yes 23 No No 24 No No 25 No Yes 26 Yes Yes 27 No Yes 28 No Yes 29 No Yes 30 No Yes - 208 - ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay Compound # (Agonist mode): Agonist? (Antagonist mode): IC 50 < 1.0 pIM 31 No Yes 32 No Yes 33 No Yes 34 No No 35 No No 36 No Yes 37 No Yes 38 No No 39 Yes Yes 40 No Yes 41 No Yes 42 No Yes 43 No Yes 44 No Yes 45 No Yes 46 No Yes 47 No Yes 48 No Yes 49 No Yes 50 No Yes 51 No Yes 52 No Yes 53 Yes Yes 54 No No 55 Yes Yes 56 No Yes 57 No Yes 58 Yes Yes 59 No Yes 60 Yes Yes 61 No No 62 No No 63 No Yes 64 No Yes 65 Yes Yes 66 Yes Yes 67 Yes Yes 68 No No 69 No Yes 70 No Yes 71 No No 72 Yes Yes 73 Yes Yes 74 Yes Yes 75 Yes Yes 76 Yes Yes 77 No No 78 No No - 209 - ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay Compound # (Agonist mode): Agonist? (Antagonist mode): IC 50 < 1.0 pIM 79 No Yes 80 No Yes 81 No No 82 No Yes 83 No No 84 Yes Yes 85 Yes Yes 86 No Yes 87 No Yes 88 No Yes 89 No Yes 90 No No 91 No No 92 No Yes 93 No No 94 No Yes 95 Yes Yes 96 No Yes 97 Yes Yes 98 No Yes 99 Yes Yes 100 No Yes 101 No No 102 No No 103 No Yes 104 No Yes 105 No Yes 106 No Yes 107 No Yes 108 Yes Yes 109 No Yes 110 No Yes 111 No No 112 No Yes 113 No Yes 114 No No 115 No Yes 116 No Yes 117 No No 118 No No 119 No Yes 120 No No 121 No No 122 No No 123 No No 124 No Yes 125 No Yes 126 Yes Yes -210 - ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay Compound # (Agonist mode): Agonist? (Antagonist mode): IC 50 < 1.0 pIM 127 No Yes 128 No Yes 129 No Yes 130 No Yes 131 No Yes 132 No No 133 No Yes 134 No Yes 135 No Yes 136 No Yes 137 No Yes 138 No No 139 No Yes 140 No No 141 Yes No 142 Yes Yes 143 Yes Yes 144 Yes Yes 145 Yes Yes 146 No Yes 147 No Yes 148 Yes Yes 149 No Yes 150 Yes Yes 151 No No 152 No Yes 153 No Yes 154 No Yes 155 No No 156 Yes Yes 157 Yes Yes 158 No No 159 No No 160 No No 161 No No 162 No No 163 No No 164 No No 165 No No 166 No No 167 No No 168 No Yes 169 No Yes 170 Yes Yes 171 No Yes 172 No Yes 173 No Yes 174 No Yes -211 - ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay Compound # (Agonist mode): Agonist? (Antagonist mode): IC 50 < 1.0 pIM 175 No Yes 176 No Yes 177 No Yes 178 No Yes 179 Yes Yes 180 Yes Yes 181 Yes Yes 182 Yes Yes 183 No Yes 184 Yes Yes 185 No Yes 186 Yes Yes 187 No Yes 188 No Yes 189 No Yes 190 No Yes 191 No No 192 No No 193 No Yes 194 No Yes 195 No Yes 196 No Yes 197 No No 198 No Yes 199 No Yes 200 Yes Yes 201 No Yes 202 Yes Yes 203 No Yes 204 No Yes 205 No Yes 206 No Yes 207 No Yes 208 No Yes 209 No Yes 210 No No 211 No Yes 212 Yes Yes 213 Yes Yes 214 Yes Yes 215 Yes Yes 216 No No 217 No Yes 218 No Yes 219 Yes Yes 220 No Yes 221 No No 222 Yes Yes - 212 - ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay Compound # (Agonist mode): Agonist? (Antagonist mode): IC 50 < 1.0 pIM 223 No Yes 224 No No 225 No Yes 226 No No 227 No No 228 No No 229 No Yes 230 No Yes 231 No Yes 232 No Yes 233 No No 234 No No 235 No Yes 236 No Yes 237 No Yes 238 No No 239 No No 240 No No 241 No No 242 No Yes 243 No No 244 No Yes 245 No No 246 No No 247 No No 248 No No 249 No Yes 250 No No 251 No No 252 No Yes 253 No No 254 No No 255 No Yes 256 No Yes 257 No Yes 258 No Yes 259 No Yes 260 No Yes 261 No Yes 262 No Yes 263 Yes Yes 264 No Yes 265 No Yes 266 No Yes 267 No Yes 268 No Yes 269 No Yes 270 No No -213 - ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay Compound # (Agonist mode): Agonist?' (Antagonist mode): IC 50 < 1.0 pIM 271 No No 272 No Yes 273 No Yes 274 No Yes 275 No No 276 No No 277 No Yes 278 No Yes 279 No Yes 280 No Yes 281 No Yes 282 No Yes 283 No Yes 284 No Yes 285 No No 286 No Yes 287 No Yes 288 No Yes 289 No Yes 290 No Yes 291 No Yes 292 No No 293 No Yes 294 No Yes 295 No Yes 296 No Yes 297 No Yes 298 No Yes 299 No Yes 300 No Yes 301 No Yes 302 No Yes 303 No No 304 No Yes 305 No Yes 306 No Yes 307 No Yes 308 No Yes 309 No Yes 310 No No 311 No No 312 No No 313 No Yes 1: Agonist defined as a compound whose Emax in the ARVP16 DNA Binding Assay (Agonist mode) is >20x DMSO control EXAMPLE 46 - GABA-gated Cl Channel Antagonist Radioligand Binding Assay - 214 - [00475] Membrane homogenates of cerebral cortex (120 pg protein) are incubated for 120 min at 22 0 C with 3 nM ["S]-TBPS in the absence or presence of the test compound in a buffer containing 50 mM Na 2

HPO

4

/KH

2

PO

4 (pH 7.4) and 500 mM NaCl. Nonspecific binding is determined in the presence of 20 pM picrotoxinin. Following incubation, the samples are 5 filtered rapidly under vacuum through glass fiber filters (GF/B, Packard) presoaked with 0.3% PEI and rinsed several times with ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCl using a 96-sample cell harvester (Unifilter, Packard). The filters are dried then counted for radioactivity in a scintillation counter (Topcount, Packard) using a scintillation cocktail (Microscint 0, Packard). The results are expressed as a percent inhibition of the control radioligand specific binding. The standard 10 reference compound is picrotoxinin, which is tested in each experiment at several concentrations to obtain a competition curve from which its IC 5 o is calculated. [00476] In this assay, the following representative compounds disclosed herein demonstrated an inhibition of less than 65% at 10 pM in the GABA-gated Cl- Channel Binding Assay: Compound 5, Compound 13, Compound 124, Compound 168, Compound 171, Compound 208, 15 Compound 218, Compound 237, Compound 268, Compound 291. In vivo Assay(s) Example 47: Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer Xenograft Studies [00477] Six to Seven week old male SCID Hairless Outbred mice (SHO, Charles Rivers Laboratories) underwent bilateral orchiectomy under isoflurane anesthesia. LNCaP/AR cells 20 were grown in RPMI at 5% C0 2 , 37 0 C. Cells were spun down and re-suspended in 50% serum free RPMI and 50% Matrigel at 1X 10 7 cells/ml. LNCaP/AR cells were subcutaneously injected (100pl/animal) on the right flank 3-5 days post castration. Tumor volume (length x width 2 /2) was monitored weekly. When tumors reached an average volume of~200mm 3 animals were randomized into treatment groups. During the treatment period tumor volume was monitored 25 bi-weekly. At the termination of study tumors were collected and stored for further analyses. Pharmaceutical Compositions Example 48: Parenteral Composition [00478] To prepare a parenteral pharmaceutical composition suitable for administration by injection (subcutaneous, intravenous, and the like), 100 mg of a water-soluble salt of a 30 compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is dissolved in sterile water and then mixed with 10 mL of 0.9% sterile saline. The mixture is incorporated into a dosage unit form suitable for administration by injection [00479] In another embodiment, the following ingredients are mixed to form an injectable formulation: 1.2 g of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), 35 (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), 2.0 mL of sodium acetate buffer solution (0.4 M), HCl (1 N) or -215 - NaOH (1 M) (q.s. to suitable pH), water (distilled, sterile) (q.s.to 20 mL). All of the above ingredients, except water, are combined and stirred and if necessary, with slight heating if necessary. A sufficient quantity of water is then added. Example 49: Oral Solution 5 [00480] To prepare a pharmaceutical composition for oral delivery, an aqueous 20% propylene glycol solution is prepared. To this is added a sufficient amount of compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) to provide a 20 mg/mL solution of the compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X). 10 Example 50: Oral Capsule [00481] To prepare a pharmaceutical composition for oral delivery, 100 mg of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is mixed with 750 mg of starch. The mixture is incorporated into an oral dosage unit such as a hard gelatin capsule, which is suitable for oral administration. 15 [00482] In another embodiment, 100 mg of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is placed into Size 4 capsule, or size 1 capsule (hypromellose or hard gelatin) and the capsule is closed. Example 51: Oral Tablet [00483] A tablet is prepared by mixing 48% by weigh of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), 20 (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X), 45% by weight of microcrystalline cellulose, 5% by weight of low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, and 2% by weight of magnesium stearate. Tablets are prepared by direct compression. The total weight of the compressed tablets is maintained at 250 mg. Example 52: Topical Gel Composition 25 [00484] To prepare a pharmaceutical topical gel composition, 100 mg of a compound of Formula (I), (Ia), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa) or (X) is mixed with 1.75 g of hydroxypropyl celluose, 10 mL of propylene glycol, 10 mL of isopropyl myristate and 100 mL of purified alcohol USP. The resulting gel mixture is then incorporated into containers, such as tubes, which are suitable for topical administration. 30 [00485] The examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and various modifications or changes suggested to persons skilled in the art are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims. -216 -

Claims (34)

1. A compound of Formula (Vlla), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or N-oxide thereof: NC N X (R RA O N RK 5 R1 RR Formula (Vlla) wherein, both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 10 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently H, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, or Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl; X is O or S; RA is Ci-C 6 alkyl; 15 ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, or 2; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , C 1 -COalkyl, C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkoxy, C1-COalkoxy, or C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2 R 0 , 20 -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)R 1 0 , -OC(=O)R 1 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , -OC0 2 R 0 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=0)OR 0 , Ci-Cioalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkoxy, Ci-Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 25 substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2-R6 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; 30 R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)R 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -N(R 1 )S(=0) 2 R 0 , S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)R 1 0 , -OC(=O)R 1 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , -OC0 2 R 0 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , -217 - C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR" C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , NRC(=0)OR 0 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or 5 unsubstituted aryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1 10 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl), -C 1 -C 4 alkylene (substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1 -C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), and -C 1 -C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl; 15 R 10 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -C 1 -C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl), -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 20 Cioheterocycloalkyl), -C 1 -C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -C1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl); R" is H or Ci-C 4 alkyl.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein: X is S; 25 ring B is phenyl; R 4 is H, halogen, -CN, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , Ci-Cioalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci 30 C 1 ofluoroalkoxy, Ci-Cioalkoxy, Ci-Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2_ L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=0)NH-, or -S(=0)2NH-; 35 L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; - 218 - R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)R 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C0 2 R 9 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or 5 unsubstituted aryl.

3. The compound of claim 2, wherein: RA is C 1 -C 6 alkyl; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl; 10 or each R 1 is independently Ci-C 4 alkyl.

4. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound of Formula (VIlla) has the structure of Formula (IXa): NC N RA O N R 5 15 Formula (IXa).

5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 1 C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a 20 substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl; R 10 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 25 C 6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl.

6. The compound of claim 5, wherein: R 5 is halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , C(=0)Rl, -C0 2 R 9 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)NH(R 9 ), Ci-Cioalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci 30 Ciofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or -219 - unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2_ L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=0)NH-, or -S(=0)2NH-; L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene; 5 R 6 is -CN, -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -CO 2 R 9 , C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

7. The compound of claim 6, wherein: 10 RA is -CH 3 ; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or each R 1 is -CH 3 ; 15 R 5 is halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)NH(R 9 ), Ci-Cioalkyl, Ci-Ciofluoroalkyl, Ci Ciofluoroalkoxy, C 1 -Cioalkoxy, C 1 -Cioheteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or -L'-L2_ 20 R6 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=0)NH-, or -S(=0)2NH-; L 2 is C1-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. 25

8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is: 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-methylbenzamide; 4-(3-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonan-l-yl)-2 fluoro-N-methylbenzamide; 30 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-6-thioxo-5-(p-tolyl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 4-(3-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-l-yl)-2 fluoro-N-methylbenzamide; - 220 - 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 methylpicolinonitrile; Methyl 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5 yl)-3-fluorobenzoate; 5 5-(5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 methylpicolinonitrile; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-N-methylbenzamide; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 10 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 15 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-3 methylpicolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(methyl(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 20 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)picolinonitrile; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-3 fluoro-N-methylbenzamide; 5-(5-(4-(5-Fluoropyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 25 methylpicolinonitrile; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl) N,2-dimethylbenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 methoxy-N-methylbenzamide; 30 2-Chloro-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 5-yl)-N-methylbenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-N methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(1 -oxoisoindolin-5-yl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 35 yl)picolinonitrile; - 221 - 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(Furan-2-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 methylpicolinonitrile; 5 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 10 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 15 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-((tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(4,4-Dimethyl-3-(4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-5-oxo-2 20 thioxoimidazolidin- 1-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-6-thioxo-5-(4-(2-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin- 1 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 25 5-(5-(4-((1,1 -Dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 methylpicolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 30 7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((1 -acetylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; - 222 - 5-(5-(4-((l1 -Ethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7 yl)-3 -methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(( 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 -methylpicolinonitrile; 5 5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-7-yl)-3 methylpicolinonitrile; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluorobenzoic acid; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 10 fluorobenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 methylbenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-phenylbenzamide; 15 N-Benzyl-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 20 fluoro-N-(3 -(pyrrolidin- 1-yl)propyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)benzamide; N-(2-Chlorophenyl)-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 25 N-(3 -Chlorophenyl)-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 30 fluoro-N-(2-fluorophenyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(3 -fluorophenyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)benzamide; _ 223 - 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(oxazol-2-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzamide; 5 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(1-methyl-i H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(1-methyl-i H-pyrazol-3 -yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 10 fluoro-N-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzamide; 15 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)benzamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or N-oxide thereof

9. A compound of Formula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or N-oxide thereof: (RA)m X (R 4 R 5 R 1 R1 20 Formula (Ia) wherein, ring A is monocyclic heteroaryl, bicyclic heteroaryl, or naphthyl; m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; each RA is independently H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , 25 -N(Rn 1 )S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2 R 9 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , C1-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, or Ci C 6 heteroalkyl; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 30 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently selected from H, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, and Ci C 6 fluoroalkyl; - 224 - X is S or 0; ring B is phenyl, naphthyl, monocyclic heteroaryl, or bicyclic heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , 5 S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , CO 2 R 9 , -OCO 2 R 0 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NRuC(=O)OR 0 , Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, Ci C 6 alkoxy, and C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl; R 5 is -L 1 -L 2 -R 6 or -L 1 -R 7 ; 10 L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, -OC(=O)NH-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; L 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -N(Rl)S(=0) 2 R 0 , 15 S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , -OC0 2 R 0 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -OC(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NRC(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NRC(=O)Rl 0 , -NR C(=0)OR 0 , Ci C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 Ciocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -Cioheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic 20 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl; each R 9 is independently selected from H, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, 25 substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 1 oheterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, -C 1 -C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl), C 1 -C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl), -C 1 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), and -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or 30 unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl); or two R 9 groups attached to the same N atom are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl; R 10 is Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 heteroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 35 C 6 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, a - 225 - substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, -C1-C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl), -C 1 -C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl), -C 1 -C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), or -C 1 5 C 4 alkylene-(substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl); R" is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl.

10. The compound of claim 9, wherein: both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; 10 X is S; ring A is N-containing monocyclic heteroaryl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -S(=0) 2 R 0 , N(Rl 1 )S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -OC(=O)Rl 0 , -CO 2 R 9 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; 15 ring B is phenyl or monocyclic heteroaryl.

11. The compound of claim 10, wherein: both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; ring A is pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyrazinyl. 20

12. The compound of claim 11, wherein: ring A is pyridinyl; each RA is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -OH, -S(=0) 2 R 0 , S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , C1-C 6 alkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkyl, C1-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy. 25

13. The compound of any one of claims 9-12, wherein: ring B is phenyl; R 5 is -L 1 -L 2 -R 6 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0) 2 NH-; 30 L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=0)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , -N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. 35

14. The compound of claim 13, wherein: - 226 - ring B is phenyl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci C 4 fluoroalkyl, C1-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and C1-C 4 alkoxy; R' is -L 1 -L 2 -R 6 ; 5 L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 10 heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

15. The compound of claim 14, wherein: L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is -CN, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, 15 substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

16. The compound of claim 15, wherein: R 6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or 20 substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

17. The compound of claim 16, wherein: L 2 is C1-C 6 alkylene; R 6 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl.

18. The compound of any one of claims 9-12, wherein: 25 ring B is phenyl; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci C 4 fluoroalkyl, C 1 -C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1 -C 4 alkoxy; R 5 is -L 1 -R 7 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=0)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, -NHC(=0)-, 30 NHC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)NH-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O) -, -OC(=O)O-, OC(=O)NH-, -NHS(=0) 2 -, or -S(=0)2NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl;

19. The compound of claim 18, wherein: 35 R 5 is -L 1 -R 7 ; - 227 - L' is -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)NH-, or -S(=0)2NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl.

20. The compound of claim 18, wherein: 5 R 5 is -L-R 7 ; L' is absent, -0-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=0) 2 -, -NH-, -C(=0)-, -C(=0)NH-, or S(=0) 2 NH-; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl.

21. The compound of claim 9, wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure of 10 Formula (II): (RA9m A S (R Formula (II) wherein, (R A) A /R~~J N RA),. r N N (N. N (RA- - (RA - A - ,o r (RA), 15 m is 2; one RA is -CN, -NO 2 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=0)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , or C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 ; and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; n is 0 or 1; 20 each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci C 6 fluoroalkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; R 5 is -L 1 -L 2 -R 6 or -L 1 -R 7 ; L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; 25 R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; - 228 - R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl.

22. The compound of claim 21, wherein: (RA)m A N % is Q1,:A 5 one RA is -CN and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci C 4 fluoroalkoxy, or C1-C 4 alkoxy; each R 4 is independently selected from H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, C 1 -C 4 fluoroalkoxy, and C 1 -C 4 alkoxy; R 5 is -L 1 -L 2 -R 6 or -L 1 -R 7 ; 10 L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 15 heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl.

23. The compound of claim 9, wherein the compound of Formula (Ia) has the structure of Formula (VI): A4 R N 20 R1 R 5 Formula (VI) wherein, one RA is -CN, -NO 2 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -S(=0) 2 N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , or C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 ; and the other RA is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkyl, 25 Ci-C 6 fluoroalkoxy, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; both R 1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a C 3 C 6 cycloalkyl; or each R 1 is independently Ci-C 4 alkyl; - 229 - R 4 is H, halogen, -OH, Ci-C 4 alkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkyl, Ci-C 4 fluoroalkoxy, or Ci C 4 alkoxy.

24. The compound of claim 23, wherein: R' is -L 1 -L 2 -R 6 or -L 1 -R 7 ; 5 L' is absent, -0-, or -C(=O)NH-; L 2 is Ci-C 6 alkylene, Ci-C 6 fluoroalkylene or Ci-C 6 heteroalkylene; R 6 is -CN, -NO 2 , -OH, -OR 9 , -SR 9 , -S(=O)Rl 0 , -S(=0) 2 R 0 , -C(=O)Rl 0 , -C0 2 R 9 , C(=O)N(R 9 ) 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic 10 heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; R 7 is substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic C 2 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl.

25. The compound of claim 9, wherein the compound is: 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 15 7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 20 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-3-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 25 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-5-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 30 5-(5-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(2-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 35 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; - 230 - 5-(5-(4-(3-Hydroxypropyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(4-Methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl) 3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-((2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((Methyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((4-Methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)methyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 10 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 15 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(methyl(1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(5-Fluoropyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 25 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(Furan-2-yl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 methylpicolinonitrile; 30 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; tert-Butyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate; Methyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 35 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenyl)butanoate; -231 - 5-(5-(4-(3-(4-Methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)propyl)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(1-methyl-i H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(Benzyloxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((1 -Methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 10 7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 15 Ethyl 2-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorophenoxy)acetate; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-methoxybutoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-((4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(3-(Benzyloxy)propoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(4-(Benzyloxy)butoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 25 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-methylphenethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-phenylpropoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 30 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; - 232 - 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-(pyridin-3-yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(2-(1 H-Pyrrol- 1 -yl)ethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 10 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 15 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-morpholinopropoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-((4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)thio)butoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo 20 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(4-((4,4,5,5,5-penta fluoropentyl)sulfinyl)butoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6 thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-((4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)thio)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo 5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 25 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-((4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6 thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(4-(2-(Pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-7-(3-(trifluoromethyl) [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-8-one; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 30 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; - 233 - 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5 5-(5-(3-(Benzyloxy)-4-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-phenethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(3-phenylpropoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 10 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(3-morpholinopropoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 15 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-Fluoro-3-(3-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 20 yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 25 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)quinoline-8-carbonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)quinoline-8-carbonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 30 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)quinoline-8-carbonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(piperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-thiomorpholinoethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; - 234 - 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3 -Fluoro-4-(2-(piperidin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5 5-(5-(4-(2-(4-Methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(2-Cyclohexylethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 10 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 15 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(2-(1,1-Dioxidothiomorpholino)ethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-(2-(piperidin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 25 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-phenethoxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(2-Fluoro-4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 30 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; - 235 - 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-((tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(4,4-Dimethyl-3-(4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-5-oxo-2 thioxoimidazolidin- 1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(4,4-Dimethyl-3-(4-((1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-5-oxo-2 10 thioxoimidazolidin- 1-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-6-thioxo-5-(4-(2-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin- 1 yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 15 3-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((1,1 -Dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-(2-(4-Acetylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethoxy)-3-fluorophenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 25 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 7-yl)picolinonitrile; 3-Methyl-5-(8-oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan 30 7-yl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 (trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(8-Oxo-5-(4-((1 -propionylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; - 236 - 5-(5-(4-((1 -isobutyrylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; ethyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate; 5 5-(5-(4-((1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((1-Ethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7 yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 10 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-methylpicolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 5-(5-(4-((1 -(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 15 5-(5-(4-((1 -Isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; Ethyl 2-(4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenoxy)piperidin-1-yl)acetate; 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxamide; 5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3 methylpicolinonitrile; 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenyl)butanoic acid; 25 2-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorophenoxy)acetic acid; 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)phenyl)-N-methylbutanamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 30 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide; N-Benzyl-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide; - 237 - 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3-(pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)propyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)benzamide; 5 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)benzamide; 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)benzamide; 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 10 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethyl)benzamide; 15 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)benzamide; Ethyl 2-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamido)acetate; Ethyl 3-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 20 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamido)propanoate; Ethyl 4-(4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamido)butanoate; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)benzamide; 25 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3-methoxypropyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methylbenzamide; 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 30 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide; 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)benzamide; 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)benzamide; - 238 - 5-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)ethyl)benzamide; N-(2-(4-Bromo- 1 -methyl- I H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 5 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-phenethylbenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3 -phenylpropyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 10 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide; 15 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(pyridin-3 -yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(pyridin-4-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 20 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(pyridin-3 -ylmethyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)benzamide; 25 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3 -morpholinopropyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3 -(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)propyl)benzamide; N-Benzyl-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 30 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(3 -(pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)propyl)benzamide; - 239 - 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-( 1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-N-(cyclopentylmethyl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 5 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)benzamide; N-(2-Chlorobenzyl)-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(3 -Chlorobenzyl)-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 10 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; N-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-4-(7-(6-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)benzamide; 15 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-((5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl)benzamide; 4-(4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbutanamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 20 fluoro-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(oxazol-2-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzamide; 25 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3 .4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-( 1-methyl- I H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-( 1-methyl- I H-pyrazol-3 -yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 30 fluoro-N-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7-diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5 ,7 diazaspiro [3.4] octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3 -hydroxypropyl)benzamide; - 240 - 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-N-(3-(cyclopentyl(methyl)amino)propyl)-2-fluorobenzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2-fluoro-N-(3-(2-oxopyrrolidin- 1 -yl)propyl)benzamide; 5 5-(5-(3-Fluoro-4-(2-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-7-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)picolinonitrile; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 fluoro-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-2 10 fluoro-N-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)benzamide; 4-(7-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-8-oxo-6-thioxo-5,7 diazaspiro[3.4]octan-5-yl)-N-(3-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin- 1 -yl)propyl)-2 fluorobenzamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or N-oxide thereof 15

26. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

27. A method of treating an androgen receptor dependent or androgen receptor mediated disease or condition in mammal comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to any one of claims 1-25. 20

28. The method of claim 27, wherein androgen receptor dependent or androgen receptor mediated disease or condition is selected from benign prostate hyperplasia, hirsutism, acne, adenomas and neoplasies of the prostate, benign or malignant tumor cells containing the androgen receptor, hyperpilosity, seborrhea, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgenic alopecia, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, suppression of 25 spermatogenesis, libido, cachexia, anorexia, androgen supplementation for age related decreased testosterone levels, prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, hot flashes, and Kennedy's disease muscle atrophy and weakness, skin atrophy, bone loss, anemia, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, loss of energy, loss of well being, type 2 diabetes and abdominal fat accumulation. 30

29. A method of treating cancer in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-25.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the cancer is a hormone dependent cancer.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein the cancer is prostate cancer.

32. The method of claim 29, further comprising administering to the mammal at least one 35 additional anti-cancer agent. - 241 -

33. A method of treating cancer in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a thereapuetically effective amount of a compound, wherein the compound: a) is an androgen receptor inverse agonist; androgen receptor antagonist; is an androgen receptor degrader; is an androgen receptor trafficking modulator; is an androgen 5 receptor DNA-binding inhibitor; or combinations thereof; and b) has minimal pro-convulsant activity and/or minimal impact on seizure threshold; displays minimal modulation of the GABA-gated chloride channel; displays minimal binding to the GABA-gated chloride channel; has minimal antagonism of the GABA gated chloride channel; has minimal interaction with a GABA-gated chloride channel; 10 has minimal interaction with the GABA-gated chloride channel; or combinations thereof

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the cancer is prostate cancer and the compound is a compound of any one of claims 1-25. 15 Aragon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON & FERGUSON - 242 -