AU2014201962A1 - Hybrid and tandem expression of Neisserial proteins - Google Patents

Abstract

Two or more Neisserial proteins are joined such that they are translated as a single polypeptide chain. Hybrid proteins are represented by the formula NH2-A-[-X-L-]b-B COOH where X is an amino acid sequence, L is an optional linker amino acid sequence, A is an optional N-terminal amino acid sequence, B is an optional C-terminal amino acid sequence, and n is an integer greater than I. Proteins where each of the n -X- moieties shares sequence identity to each other -X- moiety, the protein is a 'tandem protein'.

Description

1 AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 NOVARTIS VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS S.R.L. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Title: Hybrid and tandem expression of Neisserial proteins The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to us:- -lA HYBRID AND TANDEM EXPRESSION OF NEISSERIAL PROTEINS This is a divisional of AU 2012202488, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 5 All documents cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD This invention is in the field of protein expression. In particular, it relates to the 10 expression of proteins from Neisseria (e.g. N.gonorrhoeae or, preferably, N.meningitidis). BACKGROUNDART References 1 and 2 disclose alternative and improved approaches for the expression of 15 the Neisserial proteins disclosed in references 3 to 6. One such method is to produce 'hybrid' proteins in which two or more Neisserial proteins are expressed as a single polypeptide chain. This approach offers two advantages. First, a protein that may be unstable or poorly expressed on its own can be assisted by adding a suitable hybrid partner that overcomes the problem. Second, commercial manufacture is simplified as 20 only one expression and purification need be employed in order to produce two separately-useful proteins. It is desirable to provide further alternative and improved approaches for the expression of Neisserial proteins. 25 Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the 30 field relevant to the present invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Hybrid proteins 35 Thus the invention provides a method for the simultaneous expression of two or more (e.g. 3, 4, 5, 6 or more) Neisserial proteins, in which said two or more proteins are - 1B joined such that they are translated as a single polypeptide chain. In general, the hybrid proteins of the invention can be represented by the formula: NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH wherein X is an amino acid sequence, L is an optional linker amino acid sequence, A is an optional N-terminal amino acid sequence, B is an optional C-terminal amino acid 5 sequence, and n is an integer greater than 1. The value of n is between 2 and x, and the value of x is typically 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. Preferably n is 2, 3 or 4; it is more preferably 2 or 3; most preferably, n=2. 10 The -X- moieties There are two main groups of hybrid proteins according to the invention. These two groups are not mutually exclusive. In the first group, each -X- moiety is: 15 (a) an orfl, orf4, orf25, orf40, orf46.1, orf83, NMB1343, 230, 233, 287, 292, 594, 687, 736, 741, 907, 919, 936, 953, 961 or 983 amino acid sequence; -2 (b) an amino acid sequence having sequence identity to an amino acid sequence from (a); or (c) an amino acid sequence comprising a fragment of an amino acid sequence from (a). A preferred subset of (a) is: orf46.1, 230, 287, 741, 919, 936, 953, 961 and 983. A more preferred subset of (a) is: orf46.1, 287, 741 and 961. Figure 3 shows preferred hybrid proteins. 5 In the second group, the hybrid protein comprises a first -X- moiety (-Xa-) and a second -X- moiety (-Xb-). The -Xa- moiety has one of the following amino acid sequences: (d) the 446 even SEQ IDs (i.e. 2, 4, 6, ... , 890, 892) disclosed in reference 3. (e) the 45 even SEQ IDs (i.e. 2, 4, 6, ... , 88, 90) disclosed in reference 4; (f) the 1674 even SEQ IDs 2-3020, even SEQ IDs 3040-3114, and all SEQ IDs 0 3115-3241, disclosed in reference 5; (g) the 2160 amino acid sequences NMBOOOI to NMB2160 from reference 7; or (h) an amino acid sequence disclosed in reference I or reference 2. The -Xb- moiety is related to -Xa- such that: (i) -Xb- has sequence identity to -Xa-, and/or (j) -Xb comprises a fragment of -Xa-. 5 Examples of this second type of hybrid protein include proteins in which two or more -X- moieties are identical, or in which they are variants of the same protein e.g. two polymorphic forms of the same protein may be expressed as -Xa-Xb-, and three polymorphic forms may be expressed as -Xa-Xb-Xc- etc. The -Xa- and -Xb- moieties may be in either order from N-terminus to C-terminus. 0 The -Xa- moiety is preferably an orf 1, orf4, orf25, orf40, orf46. 1, orf83, NMB 1343, 230, 233, 287, 292, 594, 687, 736, 741, 907, 919, 936, 953, 961 or 983 amino acid sequence. The -Xa- moiety is more preferably an orf46.1, 230, 287, 741, 919, 936, 953, 961 or 983 amino acid sequence. The -Xa moiety is most preferably an orf46.1, 287, 741 or 961 amino acid sequence. In proteins where each of the n -X- moieties shares sequence identity to each other -X- moiety, the 25 protein is referred to as a 'tandem protein'. Tandem proteins in which n=2 are preferred. The degree of 'sequence identity' referred to in (b) and (i) is preferably greater than 50% (eg. 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more, up to 100%). This includes mutants, homologs, orthologs, allelic variants etc. [e.g. see ref. 8]. Identity is preferably determined by the Smith-Waterman homology search algorithm as implemented in the MPSRCH program (Oxford Molecular), using an 30 affine gap search with parameters gap open penalty=12 and gap extension penalty=]. Typically, 50% identity or more between two proteins is considered as an indication of functional equivalence. The 'fragment' referred to in (c) and (j) should consist of least m consecutive amino acids from an amino acid sequence from (a), (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h) and, depending on the particular sequence, m is 7 or more (eg. 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200 or more).

-3 Preferably the fragment comprises an epitope from an amino acid sequence from (a), (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h). Preferred fragments are those disclosed in references 9 and 10. Preferred (c) and (j) fragments are C- and/or N-terminal truncations (e.g. A 1 -287, A2-287 etc.). Preferred (b), (c), (i) and (j) sequences omit poly-glycine sequences. This has been found to aid 5 expression [ref. 2]. Poly-glycine sequences can be represented as (Gly),, where g 3 (e.g. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more). If a -X- moiety includes a poly-glycine sequence in its wild-type form, it is preferred to omit this sequence in the hybrid proteins of the invention. This may be by disrupting or removing the (Gly)g - by deletion (e.g. CGGGGS-> CGGGS, CGGS, CGS or CS), by substitution (e.g. CGGGGS-> CGXGGS, CGXXGS, CGXGXS etc.), and/or by insertion (e.g. CGGGGS-> 0 CGGXGGS, CGXGGGS, etc.). Deletion of (Gly), is preferred, and deletion of the N-terminus portion of a protein up to and including the poly-glycine sequence (e.g. deletion of residues 1-32 in SEQ ID 1) is referred to herein as 'AG'. Poly-glycine omission is particularly useful for proteins 287, 741, 983 and Tbp2 (AG287, AG741, AG983 and AGTbp2 - references 1 & 2). Preferred (c) and (j) fragments omit complete protein domains. This is particularly useful for protein 5 961, 287, and ORF46. Once a protein has been notional divided into domains, (c) and (j) fragments can omit one or more of these domains (e.g. 287B, 287C, 287BC, ORF464 3 3 , ORF46 4 3 4

.

60 8 , 961c reference 2; Figures 4 and 5 herein). 287 protein has been notionally split into three domains, referred to as A, B & C (see Figure 5 of reference 2). Domain B aligns with IgA proteases, domain C aligns with transferrin-binding proteins, ,0 and domain A shows no strong alignment with database sequences. An alignment of polymorphic forms of 287 is disclosed in reference 8. ORF46 has been notionally split into two domains - a first domain (amino acids 1-433; ORF46.1) which is well-conserved between species and serogroups, and a second domain (amino acids 434 608) which is not well-conserved. The second domain is preferably deleted, leaving ORF46.1. An 25 alignment of polymorphic forms of ORF46 is disclosed in reference 8. 961 protein has been notionally split into several domains (Figure 4). If a -X- moiety has a leader peptide sequence in its wild-type form, this may be included or omitted in the hybrid proteins of the invention. Where the leader peptide is omitted, this is a preferred example of an amino acid sequence within (c) and (j). In one embodiment, the leader peptides will be 30 deleted except for that of the -X- moiety located at the N-terminus of the hybrid protein i.e. the leader peptide of X, will be retained, but the leader peptides of X 2 ... Xn will be omitted. This is equivalent to deleting all leader peptides and using the leader peptide of X, as moiety -A-. When n=2, preferred pairs of -X- moieties are: AG287 and 230; AG287 and 936; AG287 and 741; 961c and 287; 961c and 230; 961c and 936; 961cL and 287; 961cL and 230; 961cL and 936; -4 ORF46.1 and 936; ORF46.1 and 230; 230 and 961; 230 and 741; 936 and 961; 936 and 741. When n=2, preferred pairs of -X- moieties for tandem proteins are: AG741 and 741; AG287 and 287. More specifically, the following combinations of X, and X 2 are preferred when n=2: X1 X 2 X1 X 2 AG287 230 230 AG287 AG287 936 936 AG287 AG287 741 741 AG287 AG287 961 961 AG287 AG287 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 AG287 AG287 919 919 AG287 AG287 953 953 AG287 961c 287 287 961c 961c 230 230 961c 961c 936 936 961c 961c 741 741 961c 961c 983 983 961c 961c AG983 AG983 961c 961c ORF46.1 ORF46.1 961c 961 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 961 961cL 287 287 96lcL 961cL 230 230 961cL 961cL 936 936 961cL ORF46.1 936 936 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 230 230 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 741 741 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 AG741 AG741 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 983 983 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 AG983 AG983 ORF46.1 230 961 961 230 230 741 741 230 230 AG741 AG741 230 936 961 961 936 936 741 741 936 936 AG741 AG741 936 AG741 741 AG287 287 ORF46.1 983 983 ORF46.1 AG741 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 AG741 AG741 983 983 AG741 AG741 961 961 AG741 AG741 961c 961c AG741 AG983 ORF46.1 ORF46.1 AG983 AG983 961 961 AG983 AG983 961c 961c AG983 Where 287 is used in full-length form, it is preferably at the C-terminal end of a hybrid protein; if it 5 is to be used at the N-terminus, if is preferred to use a AG form of 287. Similarly, Where 741 is used -5 in full-length form, it is preferably at the C-terminal end of a hybrid protein; if it is to be used at the N-terminus, if is preferred to use a AG form of 741. The -L- moieties For each n instances of [-X-L-], linker amino acid sequence -L- may be present or absent. For 5 instance, when n=2 the hybrid may be NH 2

-X

1

-L

1

-X

2

-L

2 -COOH, NH 2

-XI-X

2 -COOH, NH 2

-X-L

1

-X

2 COOH, NH 2

-XI-X

2

-L

2 -COOH, etc. Linker amino acid sequence(s) -L- will typically be short (e.g. 20 or fewer amino acids i.e. 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1). Examples include short peptide sequences which facilitate cloning, poly-glycine linkers (i.e. Gly,, where n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more), 0 and histidine tags (i.e. His,, where n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more). Other suitable linker amino acid sequences will be apparent to those skilled in the art. A useful linker is GSGGGG (SEQ ID 27), with the Gly-Ser dipeptide being formed from a BanHI restriction site, thus aiding cloning and manipulation, and the Gly 4 tetrapeptide being a typical poly-glycine linker. If Xn.i is a AG protein and Ln is a glycine linker, this may be equivalent to X, 1 not being a AG 5 protein and Ln being absent. The -A- moiety -A- is an optional N-terminal amino acid sequence. This will typically be short (e.g. 40 or fewer amino acids i.e. 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1). Examples include leader sequences to direct !0 protein trafficking, or short peptide sequences which facilitate cloning or purification (e.g. histidine tags i.e. His,, where n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more). Other suitable N-terminal amino acid sequences will be apparent to those skilled in the art. If X, lacks its own N-terminus methionine, -A may be a methionine residue. The -B- moiety 25 -B- is an optional C-terminal amino acid sequence. This will typically be short (e.g. 40 or fewer amino acids i.e. 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1). Examples include sequences to direct protein trafficking, short peptide sequences which facilitate cloning or purification (e.g. comprising histidine tags i.e. His,, where n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more), or sequences which enhance protein stability. 30 Other suitable C-terminal amino acid sequences will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Polymorphic forms of proteins The invention can use amino acid sequences from any strains of N.meningitidis. References to a particular protein (e.g. '287', or 'ORF46.1') therefore include that protein from any strain. Sequence variations between strains are included within (b), (c), (i) and (j).

-6 Reference sequences from N.meningitidis serogroup B include: Protein Reference Protein Reference orfI Ref. 3, SEQ ID 650 orf4 Ref. 3, SEQ ID 218 orf25 Ref. 3, SEQ ID 684 orf4O Ref. 4, SEQ ID 4 orf46 Ref. 6, SEQ ID 1049 orf83 Ref. 3, SEQ ID 314 NMB 1343 Ref. 7, NMB 1343 230 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 830 233 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 860 287 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 3104 292 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 1220 594 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 1862 687 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 2282 736 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 2506 741 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 2536 907 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 2732 919 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 3070 936 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 2884 953 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 2918 961 Ref. 5, SEQ ID 940 983 Ref. 7, NMB1969 Reference 8 discloses polymorphic forms of proteins ORF4, ORF40, ORF46, 225, 235, 287, 519, 726, 919 and 953. Polymorphic forms of 961 are disclosed in references 11 & 12. Any of these 5 polymorphic forms may be used in accordance with the present invention. The sequence listing herein includes polymorphic forms of proteins 741 (SEQ IDs 1-22) and NMB 1343 (SEQ IDs 23-24) which have been identified. Serogroups and strains Preferred proteins of the invention comprise -X- moieties having an amino acid sequence found in 0 N.meningitidis serogroup B. Within a single protein of the invention, individual -X- moieties may be from one or more strains. Where n=2, for instance, X 2 may be from the same strain as X, or from a different strain. Where n=3, the strains might be (i) XI=X 2

=X

3 (ii) X 1

=X

2

/X

3 (iii) X 1

/X

2

=X

3 (iv) XI/X 2

/X

3 or (v) X 1

=X

3

/X

2 , etc. Within serogroup B, preferred -X- moieties are from strains 2996, MC58, 95N477, or 394/98. Strain 15 95N477 is sometimes referred to herein as 'ET37', this being its electrophoretic type. Strain 394/98 is sometimes referred to herein as 'nz', as it is a New Zealand strain. Where a form of 287 is used, this is preferably from strain 2996 or from strain 394/98. Where a form of 741 is used, this is preferably from serogroup B strains MC58, 2996, 394/98, or 95N477, or from serogroup C strain 90/18311. 20 Where a form of 961 is used, this is preferably from strain 2996. Strains are indicated as a subscript e.g. 7 4 1 MC58 is protein 741 from strain MC58. Unless otherwise stated, proteins mentioned herein (e.g. with no subscript) are from N.meningitidis strain 2996, which -7 can be taken as a 'reference' strain. It will be appreciated, however, that the invention is not in general limited by strain. As mentioned above, general references to a protein (e.g. '287', '919' etc.) may be taken to include that protein from any strain. This will typically have sequence identity to 2996 of 90% or more (eg. 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more). 5 Domain-based expression of protein 961 References 1 and 2 disclose how a protein can be notionally divided into domains and how the protein can be manipulated based on these domains. The present invention extends the application of this approach to protein 961 (also known as 'NadA' [11,12]). In N.meningitidis serogroup B strain 2996, NadA has 405 amino acids. This protein has notionally 0 been divided into the following nine domains (Figure 4): Domain name Amino acids Domain name Amino acids 961-1 'L' 1-23 961-6 269-286 961-2 24-87 961-7 287-330 961-3 88-143 961-8 331-350 961-4 144-180 961-9 351-405 961-5 181-268 This information can be used to locate the same domains in other forms of 961. These domains have been deleted from 961 in strain 2996 in various ways (Figure 5). Preferred fragments of 961 omit one or more of these nine domains e.g. the following: - 961-2 to 961-5 ('961a') 5 - 961-6 to 961-9 ('961b') - 961-1 to 961-8 ('961cL') - 961-2 to 961-8 ('961c') - 961-2 to 961-6 and amino acids 287-325 from domain 961-7 ('961d') - 961-2 to 961-8 and amino acids 351-383 from domain 961-9 ('961A') 20 - 961-1 to 961-8 and amino acids 351-383 from domain 961-9 ('961A1L') - 961-1 to 961-7 and amino acids 331-343 from domain 961-8 ('961cL-Aaro') - 961-1 to 961-6 and amino acids 287-315 from domain 961-7 ('96lcL-Acc') - 961-1 to 961-5 ('961aL') - 961-1 to 961-4 ('961aL-Al') 25 - 961-1 to 961-3 ('961aL-A2') - 961-1 to 961-2 ('961aL-A3') These thirteen fragments (and sub-fragments thereof missing 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acids at either or both ends) are preferred (c) and (j) fragments, but they may also be expressed in their own right i.e. not in the form of a hybrid protein of the invention. Thus the invention provides a protein comprising -8 one of these fragments, providing that the protein is not full-length 961 and is not a protein specifically disclosed in reference I or 2. This protein may be a fusion protein (e.g. a GST-fusion or a His-tag fusion). Sequences 5 The invention also provides a protein having an amino acid sequence from SEQ IDs 1 to 24. It also provides proteins and nucleic acid having sequence identity to these. As described above, the degree of 'sequence identity' is preferably greater than 50% (eg. 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99% or more). The invention also provides nucleic acid encoding such proteins. Furthermore, the invention provides nucleic acid which can hybridise to this nucleic acid, preferably D under "high stringency" conditions (eg. 65 0 C in a O.1xSSC, 0.5% SDS solution). The invention also provides nucleic acid encoding proteins according to the invention. It should also be appreciated that the invention provides nucleic acid comprising sequences complementary to those described above (eg. for antisense or probing purposes). Nucleic acid according to the invention can, of course, be prepared in many ways (eg. by chemical 5 synthesis, from genomic or cDNA libraries, from the organism itself etc.) and can take various forms (eg. single stranded, double stranded, vectors, probes etc.). In addition, the term "nucleic acid" includes DNA and RNA, and also their analogues, such as those containing modified backbones, and also peptide nucleic acids (PNA) etc. Mixtures 20 The invention also provides a composition comprising two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7) of the following proteins: (1) 287 (2) 741 (3) ORF46.1 25 (4) 961 (5) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, X 1 =287, X 2 =953 (6) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, X 1 =287, X 2 =919 (7) NH2-A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, X 1 =287, X 2 =961 The mixture may include one or both of the following proteins, either in combination with two or 30 more of (1) to (7), or in combination with only one of (1) to (7): (8) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, Xi=287, X 2 =741 (9) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, Xi=936, X 2 =741 -9 Where proteins 287 and 741 are included in the mixture (i.e. in protein 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 or 8), they may be in the 'AG' form. Where protein 961 is included, it is preferably in the form of '961c' in which the N-terminus leader and C-terminus membrane anchor are absent [e.g. see refs. 1, 2 & 11]. A preferred mixture comprises the following three proteins: 5 (1) 961c, preferably 961c2 9 9 6 (e.g. SEQ ID 31 herein); (2) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n is 2, -X- is AG287 (preferably AG287NZ), -X 2 - is 953 (preferably 9532996) lacking its leader peptide, -Li- is GSGGGG, and -A- comprises a N-terminus methionine (e.g. -A- is M or MA) (e.g. SEQ IDs 28 & 29 herein); and (3) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, X 1 =936 (preferably 9362996), X 2 =AG741 0 (preferably AG741Mc58), L 1 =GSGGGG (e.g. SEQ ID 30 herein). The mixtures may also comprise N.meningitidis outer membrane vesicles. Heterologous host Whilst expression of the proteins of the invention may take place in Neisseria, the present invention preferably utilises a heterologous host. The heterologous host may be prokaryotic (e.g. a bacterium) 5 or eukaryotic. It is preferably E.coli, but other suitable hosts include Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Salmonenna typhimurium, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria cinerea, Mycobacteria (e.g. M.tuberculosis), yeast etc. Vectors etc. The invention provides (a) nucleic acid encoding the proteins described above (b) vectors comprising 0 these nucleic acid sequences (c) host cells containing said vectors (d) compositions comprising the proteins or nucleic acids of the invention, which may be suitable as immunogenic compositions (e.g. vaccines) or as diagnostic reagents (e) these compositions for use as medicaments (e.g. as vaccines) or as diagnostic reagents (f) the use of these compositions in the manufacture of (1) a medicament for treating or preventing infection due to Neisserial bacteria (2) a diagnostic reagent for detecting the 25 presence of Neisserial bacteria or of antibodies raised against Neisseria bacteria, and/or (3) a reagent which can raise antibodies against Neisseria bacteria and (g) a method of treating a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of these compositions. Implementing the invention will typically involve the basic steps of: obtaining a first nucleic acid encoding a first protein; obtaining a second nucleic acid encoding a second protein; and ligating the 30 first and second nucleic acids. The resulting nucleic acid may be inserted into an expression vector, or may already be part of an expression vector. To improve solubility, purification of hybrid proteins may involve the refolding techniques disclosed herein.

-10 Immunogenic compositions and medicaments The compositions of the invention are preferably immunogenic composition, and are more preferably vaccine compositions. The pH of the composition is preferably between 6 and 7. The pH may be maintained by the use of a buffer. The composition may be sterile. 5 Vaccines according to the invention may either be prophylactic (i.e. to prevent infection) or therapeutic (i.e. to treat infection), but will typically be prophylactic. The invention also provides a composition of the invention for use as a medicament. The medicament is preferably able to raise an immune response in a mammal (i.e. it is an immunogenic composition) and is more preferably a vaccine. 0 The invention also provides the use of a composition of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for raising an immune response in a mammal. The medicament is preferably a vaccine. The invention also provides a method for raising an immune response in a mammal comprising the step of administering an effective amount of a composition of the invention. The immune response is preferably protective. The method may raise a booster response. 5 The mammal is preferably a human. Where the vaccine is for prophylactic use, the human is preferably a child (e.g. a toddler or infant); where the vaccine is for prophylactic use, the human is preferably an adult. A vaccine intended for children may also be administered to adults e.g. to assess safety, dosage, immunogenicity, etc. These uses and methods are preferably for the prevention and/or treatment of a disease caused by a 0 Neisseria (e.g. meningitis, septicaemia, gonorrhoea etc.). The prevention and/or treatment of bacterial meningitis is preferred. Further components of the composition The composition of the invention will typically, in addition to the components mentioned above, comprise one or more 'pharmaceutically acceptable carriers', which include any carrier that does not 25 itself induce the production of antibodies harmful to the individual receiving the composition. Suitable carriers are typically large, slowly metabolised macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, polylactic acids, polyglycolic acids, polymeric amino acids, amino acid copolymers, trehalose (WOOO/56365) and lipid aggregates (such as oil droplets or liposomes). Such carriers are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The vaccines may also contain diluents, such as 30 water, saline, glycerol, etc. Additionally, auxiliary substances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering substances, and the like, may be present. A thorough discussion of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients is available in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. Immunogenic compositions used as vaccines comprise an immunologically effective amount of antigen, as well as any other of the above-mentioned components, as needed. By 'immunologically -11 effective amount', it is meant that the administration of that amount to an individual, either in a single dose or as part of a series, is effective for treatment or prevention. This amount varies depending upon the health and physical condition of the individual to be treated, age, the taxonomic group of individual to be treated (e.g. non-human primate, primate, etc.), the capacity of the 5 individual's immune system to synthesise antibodies, the degree of protection desired, the formulation of the vaccine, the treating doctor's assessment of the medical situation, and other rel evant factors. It is expected that the amount will fall in a relatively broad range that can be determined through routine trials. Dosage treatment may be a single dose schedule or a multiple dose schedule (e.g. including booster doses). The vaccine may be administered in conjunction with other 10 immunoregulatory agents. The vaccine may be administered in conjunction with other immunoregulatory agents. The composition may include other adjuvants in addition to (or in place of) the aluminium salt. Preferred adjuvants to enhance effectiveness of the composition include, but are not limited to: (1) oil-in-water emulsion formulations (with or without other specific immunostimulating agents such as 15 muramyl peptides (see below) or bacterial cell wall components), such as for example (a) MF59TM (W090/14837; Chapter 10 in ref. 13), containing 5% Squalene, 0.5% Tween 80, and 0.5% Span 85 (optionally containing MTP-PE) formulated into submicron particles using a microfluidizer, (b) SAF, containing 10% Squalane, 0.4% Tween 80, 5% pluronic-blocked polymer L121, and thr-MDP either microfluidized into a submicron emulsion or vortexed to generate a larger particle size emulsion, and !0 (c) RibiTM adjuvant system (RAS), (Ribi Immunochem, Hamilton, MT) containing 2% Squalene, 0.2% Tween 80, and one or more bacterial cell wall components from the group consisting of monophosphorylipid A (MPL), trehalose dimycolate (TDM), and cell wall skeleton (CWS), preferably MPL + CWS (Detox

TM

); (2) saponin adjuvants, such as QS21 or Stimulon (Cambridge Bioscience, Worcester, MA) may be used or particles generated therefrom such as ISCOMs 25 (immunostimulating complexes), which ISCOMS may be devoid of additional detergent e.g. WOOO/07621; (3) Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) and Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA); (4) cytokines, such as interleukins (e.g. IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12 (W099/44636), etc.), interferons (e.g. gamma interferon), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), etc.; (5) monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) or 3-0-deacylated MPL (3dMPL) e.g. 30 GB-2220221, EP-A-0689454; (6) combinations of 3dMPL with, for example, QS21 and/or oil-in water emulsions e.g. EP-A-0835318, EP-A-0735898, EP-A-0761231; (7) oligonucleotides comprising CpG motifs [Krieg Vaccine 2000, 19, 618-622; Krieg Curr opin Mol Ther 2001 3:15-24; Roman et al., Nat. Med., 1997, 3, 849-854; Weiner et al., PNAS USA, 1997, 94, 10833-10837; Davis et al., J. Immunol., 1998, 160, 870-876; Chu et al., J. Exp. Med., 1997, 186, 1623-1631; Lipford et al., Eur. 35 J. Immunol., 1997, 27, 2340-2344; Moldoveanu et al., Vaccine, 1988, 16, 1216-1224, Krieg et al., Nature, 1995, 374, 546-549; Klinman et al., PNAS USA, 1996, 93, 2879-2883; Ballas et al., J. Immunol., 1996, 157, 1840-1845; Cowdery et al., J. Immunol., 1996, 156, 4570-4575; Halpern et al., Cell. Immunol., 1996, 167, 72-78; Yamamoto et al., Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 1988, 79, 866-873; Stacey et al., J. Immunol., 1996, 157, 2116-2122; Messina et al., J. Immunol., 1991, 147, 1759-1764; Yi et al., J.

-12 Immunol., 1996, 157, 4918-4925; Yi et al., J. Immunol., 1996, 157, 5394-5402; Yi et al., J. Immunol., 1998, 160, 4755-4761; and Yi et al., J. Immunol., 1998, 160, 5898-5906; International patent applications W096/02555, W098/16247, W098/18810, W098/40100, W098/55495, W098/37919 and W098/52581] i.e. containing at least one CG dinucleotide, with 5-methylcytosine optionally being 5 used in place of cytosine; (8) a polyoxyethylene ether or a polyoxyethylene ester e.g. W099/52549; (9) a polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester surfactant in combination with an octoxynol (e.g. WO01/21207) or a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether or ester surfactant in combination with at least one additional non ionic surfactant such as an octoxynol (e.g. W001/21152); (10) an immunostimulatory oligonucleotide (e.g. a CpG oligonucleotide) and a saponin e.g. WOOO/62800; (11) an 0 immunostimulant and a particle of metal salt e.g. WOOO/23105; (12) a saponin and an oil-in-water emulsion e.g. W099/11241; (13) a saponin (e.g. QS21) + 3dMPL + IL-12 (optionally + a sterol) e.g. W098/57659; (14) other substances that act as immunostimulating agents to enhance the efficacy of the composition. Muramyl peptides include N-acetyl-muramyl-L-threonyl-D-isoglutamine (thr-MDP), N-acetyl 5 normuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (nor-MDP), N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-alanine 2-(I'-2'-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-hydroxyphosphoryloxy)-ethylamine MTP-PE), etc. Further antigens Further antigens which can be included in the composition of the invention include: - an outer-membrane vesicle (OMV) preparation from N.meningitidis serogroup B, such as 0 those disclosed in refs. 14, 15, 16, 17 etc. - a saccharide antigen from N.meningitidis serogroup A, C, W135 and/or Y, such as the oligosaccharide disclosed in ref. 18 from serogroup C [see also ref. 19] or the oligosaccharides of ref. 20. - a saccharide antigen from Streptococcus pneumoniae [e.g. refs. 21, 22, 23]. 25 - a protein antigen from Helicobacterpylori such as CagA [e.g. 24], VacA [e.g. 24], NAP [e.g. 25], HopX [e.g. 26], HopY [e.g. 26] and/or urease. - an antigen from hepatitis A virus, such as inactivated virus [e.g. 27, 28]. - an antigen from hepatitis B virus, such as the surface and/or core antigens [e.g. 28, 29]. - an antigen from hepatitis C virus [e.g. 30]. 30 - an antigen from Bordetella pertussis, such as pertussis holotoxin (PT) and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) from B.pertussis, optionally also in combination with pertactin and/or agglutinogens 2 and 3 [e.g. refs. 31 & 32]. - a diphtheria antigen, such as a diphtheria toxoid [e.g. chapter 3 of ref. 33] e.g. the CRM 1 9 7 mutant [e.g. 34]. 35 - a tetanus antigen, such as a tetanus toxoid [e.g. chapter 4 of ref. 33]. - a saccharide antigen from Haemophilus influenzae B [e.g. 19].

-13 - an antigen from N.gonorrhoeae [e.g. 3, 4, 5]. - an antigen from Chlamydia pneumoniae [e.g. 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41]. - an antigen from Chlamydia trachomatis [e.g. 42]. - an antigen from Porphyromonas gingivalis [e.g. 43]. 5 - polio antigen(s) [e.g. 44, 45] such as IPV or OPV. - rabies antigen(s) [e.g. 46] such as lyophilised inactivated virus [e.g.47, RabAvertTM]. - measles, mumps and/or rubella antigens [e.g. chapters 9, 10 & 11 of ref. 33]. - influenza antigen(s) [e.g. chapter 19 of ref. 33], such as the haemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase surface proteins. 0 - an antigen from Moraxella catarrhalis [e.g. 48]. - a protein antigen from Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) [e.g. 49, 50]. - a saccharide antigen from Streptococcus agalactiae - an antigen from Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) [e.g. 50, 51, 52]. - an antigen from Staphylococcus aureus [e.g. 53]. 5 The composition may comprise one or more of these further antigens. Where a saccharide or carbohydrate antigen is used, it is preferably conjugated to a carrier protein in order to enhance immunogenicity [e.g. refs. 54 to 63]. Preferred carrier proteins are bacterial toxins or toxoids, such as diphtheria or tetanus toxoids. The CRM 197 diphtheria toxoid is particularly preferred. Other suitable carrier proteins include the N.meningitidis outer membrane protein [e.g. ref. !0 64], synthetic peptides [e.g. 65, 66], heat shock proteins [e.g. 67], pertussis proteins [e.g. 68, 69], protein D from H.influenzae [e.g. 70], toxin A or B from C.difficile [e.g. 71], etc. Where a mixture comprises capsular saccharides from both serogroups A and C, it is preferred that the ratio (w/w) of MenA saccharide:MenC saccharide is greater than I (e.g. 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1 or higher). Saccharides from different serogroups of N.meningitidis may be conjugated to the same or different 25 carrier proteins. Any suitable conjugation reaction can be used, with any suitable linker where necessary. Toxic protein antigens may be detoxified where necessary (e.g. detoxification of pertussis toxin by chemical and/or genetic means [32]). Where a diphtheria antigen is included in the composition it is preferred also to include tetanus 30 antigen and pertussis antigens. Similarly, where a tetanus antigen is included it is preferred also to include diphtheria and pertussis antigens. Similarly, where a pertussis antigen is included it is preferred also to include diphtheria and tetanus antigens.

-14 Antigens are preferably mixed with (and more preferably adsorbed to) an aluminium salt (e.g. phosphate, hydroxide, hydroxyphosphate, oxyhydroxide, orthophosphate, sulphate). The salt may take any suitable form (e.g. gel, crystalline, amorphous etc.). Antigens in the composition will typically be present at a concentration of at least I ptg/ml each. In 5 general, the concentration of any given antigen will be sufficient to elicit an immune response against that antigen. As an alternative to using proteins antigens in the composition of the invention, nucleic acid encoding the antigen may be used [e.g. refs. 72 to 80]. Protein components of the compositions of the invention may thus be replaced by nucleic acid (preferably DNA e.g. in the form of a plasmid) that 0 encodes the protein. Definitions The term "comprising" means "including" as well as "consisting" e.g. a composition "comprising" X may consist exclusively of X or may include something additional e.g. X + Y. The term "about" in relation to a numerical value x means, for example, x 10%. 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Figure I shows an alignment of twenty-three sequences for protein 741. These are SEQ IDs I to 22 plus the sequence from MC58. Figure 2 shows an alignment of the NMB 1343 sequence from gonococcus (top; SEQ ID 25) and meningococcus (bottom; SEQ ID 26). !O Figure 3 shows hybrid and tandem proteins of the invention. Figure 4 shows 9 domains within 9612996, and Figure 5 shows how these have been manipulated. MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hybrid proteins - X, = A G28 7 In addition to those disclosed in references I & 2, seven hybrid proteins with AG287 from strain 25 2996 at the N-terminus were constructed. Eight 287 tandem proteins were also made (see below). # n X_ L1 X2 L2 1 2 - 230 (His) 6 2 2 - 936 (His) 6 3 2 - 741 MC58 (His) 6 --- -AG287 4 2 - 74 1 ET37 (His) 6 5 2 - 74190/18311 (His) 6 6 2 74195N477 (His) 6 7 2 AG287, - 7 4 1 Mcss (His) 6 -15 These proteins were adjuvanted with either Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or 3mg/ml alum and used to immunise mice. The resulting sera were tested against various Neisserial strains using the bactericidal assay. Titres using protein #3 were as follows: Strain (s"rogroup) 2996 1B) MC58 (") NGH38 (B) 394/98 (" 44/76 (B) F6124 (A) Al hydroxide 8192 32768 8192 >2048 16384 8192 FCA 16384 262144 8192 >2048 >32768 8192 In further experiments using protein #3 adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide, anti-287 and anti-741 5 ELISA titres each exceeded 984150 and BCA titres were as follows: 2996 (B) MC58 (B) NGH38 (B) 394/98 'B) 44/76 (B) F6124 (A) BZ133 (c) 8000 65000 4000 4000 32000 8000 16000 Results obtained after immunisation with proteins disclosed in refs. 1 & 2, tested against the homologous strain, were as follows: Bactericidal titre ELISA n L X2FCA Alum FCA Alum 961 - 32768 - >109350 919 32768 4096 4718 3678 2 AG287394/98 953 (His)6 >32768 >16384 1900 6936 741 16384 2048 232 862 961 65536 32768 108627 >109350 919 128000 32000 11851 2581 2 AG287 29 96 953 (His) 6 65536 - 3834 741 16384 8192 315 4645 Hybrid proteins - X= 961c or 961cL 10 In addition to those disclosed in references I & 2, eight hybrid proteins with either 961c or 961cL (i.e. 961c + leader peptide) at the N-terminus were constructed: # n X1 L, X2 L 2 1 2 - 287 2 2 - 287 (His) 6 --- --- 961 c 3 2 - 230 (His) 6 4 2 - 936 (His) 6 5 2 - 287 6 2 - 287 (His) 6 ---- 961cL 7 2 - 230 (His) 6 8 2 936 (His) 6 -16 These proteins were adjuvanted with either Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or 3.3mg/ml alum and used to immunise mice. The resulting sera were tested against various Neisserial strains using the bactericidal assay. Titres using protein #8 were as follows: Strain (serogroup) 2996 (B) MC58 (B) 394/98 (B) 44/76 (B) F6124 (A Al hydroxide 8192 8192 512 1024 <16 FCA 65536 16384 >2048 >2048 8192 Titres obtained after immunisation with 961c-741 [refs. I & 2] were as follows: Strain (scrogroup) 2996 (B) MC58 (B) 394/98 (B) 44/76 (B) F6124 (A) BZ133 (c) Al hydroxide 65536 32768 4096 >32768 16384 >2048 FCA >16384 262144 4096 >16384 - >2048 5 These results could be improved by mixing 961c-741 with ORF46.1 or with AG287-919. Results obtained after immunisation with proteins disclosed in refs. I & 2, tested against the homologous strain, were as follows: Bactericidal titre ELISA n LFCA Alum FCA Alum ORF46.1 32768 1024 >109350 >109350 2 961c - 741 (His) 6 >16384 8192 >109350 >109350 936 >32768 8192 >109350 >109350 0 Hybrid proteins - Xi = ORF46.1 In addition to those disclosed in references I & 2, two hybrid proteins with ORF46.1 at the N-terminus were constructed: # n X, L 1 X2 L 2 1 2 - 936 (His) 6 ------ 0RF46.1I 2 2 230 (His) 6 These proteins were adjuvanted with either Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or 3mg/mi alum and used to immunise mice. The resulting sera were tested against the homologous strain using the 15 bactericidal assay and by ELISA. Results obtained after immunisation with proteins disclosed in refs. I & 2 were as follows: Bactericidal titre ELISA n

LL

2 FCA Alum FCA Alum - 961 (His) 6 8192 8192 21558 >109350 2 ORF46.l 8 -_ 961c (His) 6 8192 128 9020 76545 -17 Hybrid proteins - X, = 230 In addition to those disclosed in references 1 & 2, four hybrid proteins with 230 at the N-terminus were constructed: # n X1 L1 X2 L 2 1 2 ORF46.1 (His) 6 2 2 - 961 (His) 6 ---- - - -230 3 2 961c (His) 6 4 2 741 MC58 (His) 6 5 Hybrid proteins - X 1 = 936 In addition to those disclosed in references 1 & 2, seven hybrid proteins with 936 at the N-terminus were constructed: # n X1 L1 X2 L 2 1 2 - ORF46.1 (His) 6 2 2 - 961 (His) 6 3 2 - 7 4 1 ET37 (His) 6 4 2 936 - 7 4 1 MC58 (His) 6 5 2 - 74190/18311 (His) 6 6 2 - 7 4 1 95N477 (His) 6 7 2 - 741 (His) 6 These proteins were adjuvanted with either Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or 3mg/ml alum and 10 used to immunise mice. The resulting sera were tested against various Neisserial strains using the bactericidal assay. Titres using protein #2 were as follows: Strain (serogroup) 2996 (") MC58 (B 394/98 (B) 44/76 (B) F6124 (A) Al hydroxide 16384 32768 1024 2048 <16 FCA 65536 65536 >2048 8192 2048 (36%) Titres using protein #4 were as follows: Strain (serogroup) 2996 (B) MC58 (B) 394/98 (B) 44/76 (B) F6124 (A) Al hydroxide 256 >262144 >2048 32768 8192 FCA 1024 >262144 >2048 >32768 >32768 Titres using protein #7 were as follows: Strain (serogroup) 2996 (B) MC58 (B) 394/98 (B)I 44/76 (B)I F6124 (A) BZ133 (c) Al hydroxide 256 130000 16000 32000 8000 16000 -18 Results obtained after immunisation with proteins disclosed in refs. 1 & 2, tested against the homologous strain, were as follows: Bactericidal titre ELISA n L XFCA Alum FCA Alum 741 1024 256 1466 5715 2 936 936 (His)6 >32768 >32768 >109350 >109350 Mixtures of hybrid proteins 5 Mice were immunised with of three proteins adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide, either single or in a triple combination: (1) 2 87 NZ-95 3 ; (2) 936-741; and (3) 961c. The mixture was able to induce high bactericidal titres against various strains: 2996 (B) MC58 (B) NGH38 394/98 (" H44/76 (B F6124 (A) BZ133 (c) C11 (c) (1) 32000 16000 130000 16000 32000 8000 16000 8000 (2) 256 131000 128 16000 32000 8000 16000 <4 (3) 32000 8000 - - - 8000 - 32000 mix 32000 32000 65000 16000 260000 65000 >65000 8000 (X) 4000 4000 1000 1000 >4000 1000 4000 n.d. '-' indicates that this strain contains no NadA gene (X) was a combination of protein 287 with outer membrane vesicles, for comparison 0 Looking at individual mice, the mixture induced high and consistent bactericidal titres: # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2996 32768 16384 65536 32768 32768 65536 65536 32768 65536 8192 MC58 65536 32768 65536 65536 65536 8192 65536 32768 32768 65536 394/98 65536 4096 16384 4096 8192 4096 32768 16384 8192 16384 Tandem proteins Hybrid proteins of the invention can be represented by formula NH 2 -[-X-L-],n-COOH. Where all n instances of -X- are the same basic protein (either identical, or the same protein from different strains 15 or species), the protein is referred to as a 'tandem' protein. Twelve specific tandem proteins are: # n X1 L1 X2 L2 1 2 AG741MC58 - 7 4 1 MC58 (His) 6 2 2 AG287 2996 (Gly) 6 AG287 394 1 9 8 (His) 6 3 2 AG287 2996 (Gly) 6 AG287 2996 (His) 6 4 2 AG287 394 /9 8 (Gly) 6 AG287 394 /9 8 (His) 6 5 2 AG287 39 4

/

9 8 (Gly) 6 AG287 2996 (His) 6 -19 6 2 AG287 29 96 (Gly) 6 AG287 3 94 1 9 8 7 2 AG287 2996 (Gly) 6 AG287 2996 8 2 AG287 394 1 98 (Gly) 6 AG287 394

/

98 9 2 AG287 39 4 198 (Gly) 6 AG287 2996 10 2 AG74 Mc5s - 741394/98 (His) 6 11 2 AG741Mc5s - 74190/18311 (His) 6 12 2 AG741MC5s - 7 4 1 95N477 (His) 6 Proteins #1 to #5 have all been expressed in soluble form in E.coli. Expression levels were between 0.24 and 0.50 mg protein per litre of culture. The tandem proteins were purified and mixed with aluminium phosphate as an adjuvant. Tandem proteins #2, #4 and #5 adsorbed readily to aluminium phosphate; adsorption was less complete for tandem proteins #1 and #3. 5 Allelic variants - 741 Twenty-two polymorphic sequences of 741 were found (SEQ IDs 1 to 22). These and the MC58 sequence are aligned in Figure 1. Allelic variants - NMB1343 Using PCR on 42 strains of meningococcus of various serogroups, the gene encoding NMB1343 10 protein was found in 24/42 and was absent in 18/42 strains (Table 1). The NMB1343 gene was sequenced for 10 of the NMB1343' strains (Table 1, column 3). The nucleic acid sequence (and thus amino acid sequence SEQ ID 23; GenBank AAF41718) was identical in all 10 strains. NMB1343 was also detected in two strains of N.gonorrhoeae (F62 and SN4). The amino acid sequence from gonococcus is SEQ ID 24. An alignment with the meningococcal sequence is: 15 . . . .10 . . . .20 . . . .30 . . . .40 . . . .50 Ng 1:INNLWEIS *LRG SCQQDQNNG L T 50 Nm 1:~~~~~1 A R KA : 45 . . . .60 . . . .70 . . . .80 . . . .90 . . . 100 20 Ng 51: A :100 Nm 46: ' VDK: 95 110 . . . 120 . . . 130 . . 140 . . . 150 Ng 101:1 SI E N K RAEC IEV AK:150 25 Nm 96:1 SIEV P PE TR DG E IAK:145 An alignment of the corresponding nucleotide sequences is shown in Figure 2. This shows that the gonococcal sequence has a 4mer insertion in the 5' region of the NMB 1343 gene which causes a frameshift and consequent loss of the 5' methionine residue.

-20 Domain deletion - 961 961 is not present in the N.meningitidis serogroup A genome sequence [81], even though the surrounding regions are conserved (>90%) between serogroups A and B. References 11 and 12 disclose polymorphic forms of 961. The gene was found to be present in 91% of serogroup B strains 5 belonging to hypervirulent lineages ET-5, ET-37 and cluster A4, but was absent in all strains of lineage 3 tested. Most of the serogroup C strains tested were positive even if not belonging to hypervirulent lineages. The same was true for the serogroup B strains with serotype 2a and 2b. For serogroup A, one strain belonging to subgroup III was positive whereas the other two strains belonging to subgroup IV-] were negative. 961 was absent in N.gonorrhoeae and in commensal 0 species N.lactamica and N.cinerea. Figures 4 and 5 show domains in protein 961. When the anchor region (domain 9) of protein 961 is deleted ('961cL') and expressed in Ecoli, the protein is exported in the periplasm and secreted in the supernatant of the culture. To investigate this further, deletion mutants in the C-terminal region of 961 were constructed .5 (961cL-Aaro, 961cLAcc, 961aL, 961aL-A1, 961aL-A2, 961aL-A3) on the basis of structural features (deletions of aromatic residues in the cases of 961cAaro mutant, and of coiled-coil regions for the others). These were analysed for expression and secretion into the periplasm and the supernatant of the culture. In all of these deletion mutants, the protein is produced in large amount, is present in periplasmic fraction, and is released in the supernatant of the culture. !0 A G287 - cross-strain bactericidal activity 287 was cloned for five different N.meningitidis serogroup B strains and was manipulated to delete the N-terminus up to the end of the poly-glycine region and to introduce a C-terminal his-tag. This gave five AG287 proteins. These were adjuvanted with FCA and used to raise immune sera in mice, which were then tested for bactericidal activity against all five serogroup B strains and also against 25 serogroup A and C strains. Bactericidal titres were as follows: Protein Sera tested for bactericidal activity against strain * strain 2996 BZ232 MC58 1000 394/98 F6124 BZ133 2996 16000 128 4096 4096 1024 8000 16000 BZ232 >8000 256 2048 8000 2048 16000 8000 MC58 >8000 64 >8000 8000 2048 8000 8000 1000 >8000 64 4096 8000 1024 16000 16000 394/98 >16000 128 16000 >2048 >16000 - * titres against homologous strain shown in bold -21 Refolding To improve the levels of soluble protein for some hybrid proteins, alternative refolding protocols to those disclosed in reference 2 were adopted. Inclusion bodies (IBs) were isolated as follows: 5 1. Homogenize cells (5g wet weight) in 25 ml 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 7, 1mM EDTA, at 4'C using an ultraturrax (10 000 rpm) 2. Add 1.5mg lysozyme per gram cells, mix shortly with an ultraturrax, and incubate at 4'C for 30 min. 3. Use sonication or high-pressure homogenization (French press) to disrupt the cells. 10 4. To digest DNA, add MgCl 2 to a final concentration of 3mM and DNase to a final concentration of 10pig/ml, and incubate for 30 min at 25*C 5. Add 0.5 vol. 60 mM EDTA, 6% Triton X-100, 1,5M NaCI pH7, to the solution, and incubate for 30 min at 4'C. 6. Spin down inclusion bodies by centrifugation at 3 1OOOg (20 000 rpm) for 10 min, 4'C. [5 7. Resuspend pellet in 40 ml 0.1 M tris-HCI pH 7, 20mM EDTA, using an ultraturrax 8. Repeat centrifugation step 6. 9. The inclusion body pellet may be used, or stored frozen at -20'C. Hybrid proteins were expressed in E coli as follows: Culture Flask Temp Final Inclusion Protein volume volume Tem Fina body yield (litres) (litres) (C) ODw/w) ORF46.1-961-His 1 2 37 1.51 33.2% ORF46.1-961c-His 1 2 37 1.6 28.3% 961c-ORF46.1His 1 2 37 1.18 23.5% orf46.1-741 His 5 5 37 12.42 35.2 The pellets were solubilised, refolded, ultrafiltered, dialysed, and protein was then purified: 20 ORF46.1-961-His IBs were solubilised as follows: IB proteins were resuspended in 4 ml of 6M guanidine HC, 1 mM EDTA pH 8.5 buffer, to a final protein concentration of I mg/ml. To refold the protein, 2 ml of solubilised protein was diluted in 400 ml of refolding buffer (0.IM Tris HCl,1M L arginine, 2mM EDTA pH 8.2) and incubated for 1 hour at 15'C, resulting in a protein concentration of 5pig/ml. Subsequently, another 2 ml of the solubilised protein was added and incubated for an 25 additional hour at the same temperature resulting in a final protein concentration of 10 pg/ml. The material was ultrafiltered using a 300 ml Amicon ultrafiltration cell (8400), applying a 3 bar pressure on an Amicon membrane with a 30 kDa cut-off (YM30) resulting in 130 ml final volume. The -22 ultrafiltered material was dialysed using a regenerated cellulose tubular membrane with a 12-14 kDa cutoff (Cellusep - Step bio) for 24hours against 10 L of 0.IM Tris HCI pH 8,2 buffer. A second dialysis of 24h against 10 L of 300mM NaCl, 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 8,0 buffer was performed. The dialysed material was centrifuged at 22000 rpm for 45 minutes at 4'C in a Beckman 5 centrifuge rotor JA25.5 The supernatant isolated after centrifugation was used for His-tag purification. orf 46.1-961c-His lBs were solubilised as follows: IB proteins were resuspended in 4 ml of 6M guanidine HCI, 1 mM EDTA pH 8.5 buffer, to a final protein concentration of 1 mg/ml. To refold the protein, 2 ml of the solubilised protein was diluted in 400 ml refolding buffer (0.5M Tris HCl,1M L 0 arginine,2 mM EDTA pH 8.2) and incubated for 1 h at 15'C, resulting in a protein concentration of 5pg/ml. Subsequently another 2 ml of the solubilised protein was added and incubated for an additional hour at the same temperature resulting in a final protein concentration of 1 Og/ml. The material was ultrafiltered using a 300 ml Amicon ultrafiltration cell (8400), applying a 3 bar pressure on an Amicon membrane with a 30 kDa cut-off (YM30) resulting in 150 ml final volume. The 5 ultrafiltered material was dialysed using a regenerated cellulose tubular membrane with a 12-14 kDa cutoff (Cellusep - Step bio) for 24h against 10 L of 0.1M Tris HCI pH 8,2 buffer. A second dialysis of 24h against 10 L of 300mM NaCI, 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 8,0 buffer was performed. The dialysed material was centrifuged at 22000 rpm for 45 minutes at 4'C in a Beckman centrifuge rotor JA25.5. The supernatant isolated after centrifugation was used for His-tag purification. !0 961c-orf46.1-His lBs were solubilised as follows: IB proteins were resuspended in 4 ml of 6M guanidine HCI, 1 mM EDTA pH 8.5 buffer, to a final protein concentration of 1 mg/ml. To refold the protein, 2 ml of the solubilised protein was diluted in 400 ml refolding buffer (0.IM Tris HCI,0.5 M L-arginine,2 mM EDTA pH 8.2) and incubated for I h at 15'C, resulting in a protein concentration of 5 pg/ml. Subsequently another 2 ml of the solubilized protein was added and incubated for an 25 additional hour at the same temperature resulting in a final protein concentration of 10 pg/ml. The material was ultrafiltered using a 300 ml Amicon ultrafiltration cell (8400), applying a 3 bar pressure on an Amicon membrane with a 30 kDa cut-off (YM30) resulting in 150 ml final volume. The ultrafiltered material was dialysed using a regenerated cellulose tubular membrane with a 12-14 kDa cutoff (Cellusep - Step bio) for 24h against 10 L of 0.IM Tris HCI pH 8,2 buffer. A second dialysis 30 of 24h against 10 L of 300mM NaCI, 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 8,0 buffer was performed. The dialysed material was centrifuged at 22000 rpm for 45 minutes at 4*C in a Beckman centrifuge rotor JA25.5. The supernatant isolated after centrifugation was used for His-tag purification. orf46.1-741-His lBs were solubilised as follows: IB proteins were resuspended in 4 ml of 6M guanidine HCI, 1 mM EDTA pH 8.5 buffer, to a final protein concentration of 10 mg/ml. To refold, 2 35 ml of the solubilised protein was diluted in 400 ml of the refolding buffer (0.5M Tris HCI,0.7 M L arginine,2 mM EDTA pH 7.2) and incubated for 1 h at 15*C, resulting in a protein concentration of -23 50ptg/ml. Subsequently another 2 ml of the solubilised protein was added and incubated for an additional hour at the same temperature resulting in a final protein concentration of 100ptg/ml. The material was ultrafiltered using a 300 ml Amicon ultrafiltration cell (8400), applying a 3 bar pressure on an Amicon membrane with a 30 kDa cut-off (YM30) resulting in 120 ml final volume. The 5 ultrafiltered material was dialysed using a regenerated cellulose tubular membrane with a 12-14 kDa cutoff (Cellusep - Step bio) for 24h against 10 L of 0.1M Tris HCl pH 8,2 buffer. A second dialysis of 24h against 10 L of 300mM NaCl, 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 8,0 buffer was performed. The dialysed material was centrifuged at 22000 rpm for 45 minutes at 4'C in a Beckman centrifuge rotor JA25.5 The supernatant isolated after centrifugation was used for His-tag purification. 0 Compared with proteins purified as described in ref. 2, bactericidal assay titres were as follows: Reference 2 Refolded Protein CFA Aluminium Aluminium MF59 Aluminium hydroxide hydroxide phosphate ORF46.1-961-His 8192 8192 32768 - ORF46.1-961c-His 8192 128 <64 8192 961c-ORF46.lHis 32768 1024 16384 - orf46.1-741 His <4 16 <4 256 Similar procedures were used for ORF46.1 to purify the protein from IBs when expressed with no His-tag ('ORF46.IK'): Culture Flask Temp Final Inclusion Protein volume volume TOm Fina body yield (litres) (litres) { ) OD o dyy orf46.1K 5 5 37 13.7 29.4 IB proteins were resuspended in 4 ml of 6M guanidine HCl, 1 mM EDTA pH 8.5 buffer, to a final protein concentration of 10 mg/ml. To refold, 2 ml of the solubilised protein was diluted in 400 ml of 15 the refolding buffer (0.5M Tris HCl,0.7 M L-arginine,2 mM EDTA pH 7.2) and incubated for 1 hours at 154C, resulting in a protein concentration of 50ptg/ml. Subsequently another 2 ml of the solubilised protein was added and incubated for an additional hour at the same temperature resulting in a final protein concentration of 100ptg/ml. The material was ultrafiltered using a 300ml Amicon ultrafiltration cell (8400), applying a 3 bar pressure on an Amicon membrane with a 30kDa cut-off 20 (YM30) resulting in 120 ml final volume. The ultrafiltered material was dialysed using a regenerated cellulose tubular membrane with a 12-14 kDa cutoff (Cellusep - Step bio) for 12h against 10 L of 50mM sodium phosphate, 2mM EDTA, pH 7,2 buffer. A second dialysis of 24h against 10 L of the same buffer was performed. The dialysed material was centrifuged at 22000 rpm for 45 minutes at 4'C in a Beckman centrifuge rotor JA25.5. The supernatant isolated after centrifugation was used for 25 cationic exchange chromatography. The purification was done on a AKTA explorer chromatography -24 system (Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech) using a 5 ml HiTrap SP sepharose HP column (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). The flow rate applied was of 1.5 ml per minute. The column was washed with 35 ml of 50mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.2. A linear gradient (0-1 M NaCl) was performed using a 50mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.2. The protein eluted in two peaks at 92 mM and 5 380mM NaCL. The fractions constituting each peak were pooled and respectively named pool 1 and pool 2. Compared with proteins purified as described in ref. 2, bactericidal assay titres when adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide were improved from <4 to 1024. The titre using aluminium phosphate adjuvant with the refolded protein was 2048. ELISA titres were as follows: . Elisa SBA Prote Aluminium adjuvant (M7) (2996) rf46. k (pool 1) Hydroxide 3.3mg/ml 1212 512 Phosphate 0.6 mg/ml 154 1024 Hydroxide 3.3mg/ml 1085 1024 Phosphate 0.6 mg/ml 250 1024 0 It will be understood that the invention has been described by way of example only and modifications may be made whilst remaining within the scope and spirit of the invention.

-25 TABLE 1 Strain 1343 Sequence Strain classification 72/00 + ET5 B:15:P1.7,13,13a 30/00 + ET5 B:15:P1.7,16 39/99 + ET5 C:15:P1.7,16 95330 + ET5 B:4:P1.15 M4102 + ET5 nd MC58(21) + + ET5 B:15:P1.7,16b BZ169(7) + + ET5 B:NT:P1.16 BZ83(19) + ET5 B:15:-.

CU385 + + ET5 B:4:P1.15 2201731 + ET5 NG:4:P1.15 64/96 + + ET5 NG:15:P1.7,16 (carrier) 2201731 + ET5 B:4:P1.15 (carrier) ISS1071 + nd B:15:P1.7,16 (ET5?) BZ198(2) + + lin.3 B:8:P1.1 980-2543 + + lin.3 B:NT:P1.4 16060 + + other B:4:P1.14 (carrier) 394-98 + nd B:4:P1.4 (lin 3?) ISS1106 + nd B:4:P1.4 (lin.3?) BZ133(10) + + sub I B:NT:-.

S3446 + + nd B:14:P1.23,14 ISS1001 + + nd B:14:P1.13 2411751 + other NG:21:P1.16 (carrier) 1712741 + other NG:15:- (carrier) 66/96 + other B:17:P1.15 (carrier) 961-5945 - A4 96217 - A4 312294 - A4 90/18311(24) - ET37 93/4286(25) - ET37 M986 - ET37 1000(5) - other NGE28(13) - other carrier NGH38(14) - other carrier BZ232(18) - other F6124(23) - sub III A:-.

C11 - C: NMB - nd 8047 - nd ISS759 - nd C:2b:P1.2 ISS1113 - nd C:2:P1.5 65/96 - nd 4:P1.14 2996(96) - nd B:2b:P1.5,2 -26 REFERENCES (the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference) I - International patent application WO01/64920. 2 - International patent application WO01/64922. 3 - International patent application W099/24578. 4 - International patent application W099/36544. 5 - International patent application W099/57280. 6 - International patent application WOOO/22430. 7 - Tettelin et al. (2000) Science 287:1809-1815. 8 - International patent application WOOO/66741. 9 - International patent application WOOO/71574. 10 - International patent application WOO1/04316 11 - International patent application PCT/IB02/03396. 12 - Comanducci et al. (2002) J Exp Med 195:1445-1454. 13 - Vaccine Design: subunit & adjuvant approach (1995) Powell & Newman (ISBN: 030644867X). 14 - International patent application WO01/52885. 15 - Bjune et al. (199 1) Lancet 338(8775):1093-1096. 16 - Fukasawa et al. (1999) Vaccine 17:2951-2958. 17 - Rosenqvist et al. (1998) Dev. Biol. Stand. 92:323-333. 18 - Costantino et al. (1992) Vaccine 10:691-698. 19 - Costantino et al. (1999) Vaccine 17:1251-1263. 20 - International patent application PCT/IB02/03191. 21 - Watson (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J 19:331-332. 22 - Rubin (2000) Pediatr Clin North Am 47:269-285, v. 23 - Jedrzejas (2001) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 65:187-207. 24 - International patent application W093/18150. 25 - International patent application W099/533 10. 26 - International patent application W098/04702. 27 - Bell (2000) Pediatr Infect Dis J 19:1187-1188. 28 - Iwarson (1995) APMIS 103:321-326. 29 - Gerlich et al. (1990) Vaccine 8 Suppl:S63-68 & 79-80. 30 - Hsu et al. (1999) Clin Liver Dis 3:901-915. 31 - Gustafsson et al. (1996) N. Engl. J. Med. 334:349-355. 32 - Rappuoli et al. (1991) TIBTECH 9:232-238. 33 - Vaccines (1988) eds. Plotkin & Mortimer. ISBN 0-7216-1946-0. 34 - Del Guidice et al. (1998) Molecular Aspects of Medicine 19:1-70. 35 - International patent application W002/02606. 36 - Kalman et al. (1999) Nature Genetics 21:385-389. 37 - Read et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res 28:1397-406. 38 - Shirai et al. (2000) J. Infect. Dis. 181(Suppl 3):S524-S527. 39 - International patent application W099/27105. 40 - International patent application WOOO/27994. 41 - International patent application WOOO/37494. 42 - International patent application W099/28475. 43 - Ross et al. (2001) Vaccine 19:4135-4142. 44 - Sutter et al. (2000) Pediatr Clin North Am 47:287-308. 45 - Zimmerman & Spann (1999) Am Fam Physician 59:113-118, 125-126.

-27 46 - Dreesen (1997) Vaccine 15 Suppl:S2- 6 . 47 - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998 Jan 16;47(1):12, 19. 48 -McMichael (2000) Vaccine 19 Suppl 1:S101-107. 49 - Schuchat (1999) Lancet 353(9146):51-6. 50 - W002/3477 1. 51 - Dale (1999) Infect Dis Clin North Am 13:227-43, viii. 52 - Ferretti et al. (2001) PNAS USA 98: 4658-4663. 53 - Kuroda et al. (2001) Lancet 357(9264):1225-1240; see also pages 1218-1219. 54 - Ramsay et al. (2001) Lancet 357(9251):195-196. 55 - Lindberg (1999) Vaccine 17 Suppl 2:S28-36. 56 - Buttery & Moxon (2000) J R Coll Physicians Lond 34:163-168. 57 - Ahmad & Chapnick (1999) Infect Dis Clin North Am 13:113-133, vii. 58 - Goldblatt (1998) J. Med. Microbiol. 47:563-567. 59 - European patent 0 477 508. 60 - US patent 5,306,492. 61 - International patent application W098/42721. 62 - Conjugate Vaccines (eds. Cruse et al.) ISBN 3805549326, particularly vol. 10:48-114. 63 - Hermanson (1996) Bioconjugate Techniques ISBN: 0123423368 or 012342335X. 64 - European patent application 0372501. 65 - European patent application 0378881. 66 - European patent application 0427347. 67 - International patent application W093/17712. 68 - International patent application W098/58668. 69 - European patent application 0471177. 70 - International patent application WOOO/56360. 71 - International patent application WOOO/61761. 72 - Robinson & Torres (1997) Seminars in Immunology 9:271-283. 73 - Donnelly et al. (1997) Annu Rev Immunol 15:617-648. 74 - Scott-Taylor & Dalgleish (2000) Expert Opin Investig Drugs 9:471-480. 75 - Apostolopoulos & Plebanski (2000) Curr Opin Mol Ther 2:441-447. 76 - Ilan (1999) Curr Opin Mol Ther 1:116-120. 77 - Dubensky et al. (2000) Mol Med 6:723-732. 78 - Robinson & Pertmer (2000) Adv Virus Res 55:1-74. 79 - Donnelly et al. (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162(4 Pt 2):S190-193. 80- Davis (1999) Mt. Sinai J. Med. 66:84-90. 81 - Parkhill et al. (2000) Nature 404:502-506.

Claims (12)

1. A hybrid protein having formula: NH 2 -A-[-X-L-],-B-COOH wherein L is an optional linker amino acid sequence, A is an optional N-terminal amino acid 5 sequence, B is an optional C-terminal amino acid sequence, and n is an integer greater than 1, and X is either: (a) an orf1, orf4, orf25, orf40, orf46.1, orf83, NMB1343, 230, 233, 287, 292, 594, 687, 736, 741, 907, 919, 936, 953, 961 or 983 amino acid sequence; (b) an amino acid sequence having sequence identity to an amino acid sequence from (a); or 0 (c) an amino acid sequence comprising a fragment of an amino acid sequence from (a).

2. A hybrid protein having formula: NH 2 -A-[-X-L-],-B-COOH wherein X is an amino acid sequence, L is an optional linker amino acid sequence, A is an optional N-terminal amino acid sequence, B is an optional C-terminal amino acid sequence, n is 5 an integer greater than 1, and wherein a first X moiety (-Xa-) has one of the following amino acid sequences: (d) the 446 even SEQ IDs (i.e. 2, 4, 6, ... , 890, 892) disclosed in reference 3. (e) the 45 even SEQ IDs (i.e. 2, 4, 6, ... , 88, 90) disclosed in reference 4; (f) the 1674 even SEQ IDs 2-3020, even SEQ IDs 3040-3114, and all SEQ IDs 3115-3241, 0 disclosed in reference 5; (g) the 2160 amino acid sequences NMBOOO1 to NMB2160 from reference 7; or (h) an amino acid sequence disclosed in reference I or reference 2, and a second -X- moiety (-Xb-), wherein -Xb- has sequence identity to -Xa- and/or -Xb- comprises a fragment of -Xa-. 25 3. The hybrid protein of claim I or claim 2, wherein n=2.

4. The hybrid protein of claim 2, wherein -Xa- is an orf46.1, 230, 287, 741, 919, 936, 953, 961 or 983 amino acid sequence.

5. The hybrid protein of claim 2, wherein X 1 , ... , X, all have sequence identity to each other.

6. The hybrid protein of any preceding claim, wherein n=2, and wherein the -X- moieties are: 30 AG287 and 230; AG287 and 936; AG287 and 741; 961c and 287; 961c and 230; 961c and 936; -29 961cL and 287; 961cL and 230; 961cL and 936; ORF46.1 and 936; ORF46.1 and 230; 230 and 961; 230 and 741; 936 and 961; 936 and 741; AG741 and 741; or AG287 and 287.

7. The hybrid protein of any preceding claim, wherein L has 20 or fewer amino acids.

8. The hybrid protein of any preceding claim, wherein L is a poly-glycine linker. 5 9. The hybrid protein of any preceding claim, wherein A has 40 or fewer amino acids.

10. The hybrid protein of any preceding claim, wherein B has 40 or fewer amino acids.

11. The hybrid protein of any preceding claim, wherein the -X- moieties have an amino acid sequence found in N.meningitidis serogroup B.

12. The hybrid protein of any preceding claim, wherein at least one -X- moiety is a 961 amino acid 10 sequence in which one or more domains has been deleted.

13. A protein comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ IDs I to

38. 14. Nucleic acid encoding a protein of any preceding claim. 15. A composition comprising protein or nucleic acid according to any preceding claim. 15 16. A composition comprising two or more of the following proteins: (1) 287 (2) 741 (3) ORF46.1 (4) 961 20 (5) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-In-B-COOH, wherein n=2, XI=287, X 2 =953 (6) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, XI=287, X 2 =919 (7) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, Xi=287, X 2 =961 (8) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, Xi=287, X 2 =741 (9) NH 2 -A-[-X-L-]n-B-COOH, wherein n=2, Xi=936, X 2 =741 25 17. The composition of claim 16, comprising proteins (4), (5) and (9). 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein protein (4) comprises SEQ ID 31, protein (5) comprises SEQ ID 28 or SEQ ID 29, and protein (9) comprises SEQ ID 30. 19. The composition of any one of claims 15 to 18, further comprising: - a protein antigen from N.meningitidis; 30 - an outer-membrane vesicle (OMV) preparation from N.meningitidis; - a saccharide antigen from N.meningitidis; - a saccharide antigen from Streptococcus pneumoniae; -30 - an antigen from hepatitis A, B or C virus; - an antigen from Bordetella pertussis; - a diphtheria antigen; - a tetanus antigen; 5 - a protein antigen from Helicobacterpylori; - a saccharide antigen from Haemophilus influenzae; - an antigen from N.gonorrhoeae; - an antigen from Chlamydia pneumoniae; - an antigen from Chlamydia trachomatis; 0 - an antigen from Porphyromonas gingivalis; - polio antigen(s); - rabies antigen(s); - measles, mumps and/or rubella antigens; - influenza antigen(s); 5 - an antigen from Moraxella catarrhalis; - an antigen from Streptococcus agalactiae; - an antigen from Streptococcus pyogenes; and/or - an antigen from Staphylococcus aureus. 20. The composition of any one of claims 15 to 19, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable !O carrier. 21. The composition of claim 20 for use as a medicament. 22. A method of treating a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 20.