AU2014201637A1 - Tetrasubstituted benzenes - Google Patents

Abstract

Tetrasubstituted benzenes that act as modulators of gamma secretase and their use in the treatment of one or more symptoms of treating neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, are described.

Description

WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Tetrasubstituted Benzenes BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. It is a neurodegenerative disorder that is associated (though not exclusively) with aging. The disorder is clinically characterized by a progressive loss of memory, cognition, reasoning and judgment that leads to an extreme mental deterioration and ultimately death. The disorder is pathologically characterized by the deposition of extracellular plaques and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. These plaques are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. These plaques mainly comprise of fibrillar aggregates of $-amyloid peptide (AD), which are products of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), a 695 amino-acid protein. APP is initially processed by $-secretase forming a secreted peptide and a membrane bound C99 fragment. The C99 fragment is subsequently processed by the proteolytic activity of y-secretase. Multiple sites of proteolysis on the C99 fragment lead to the production of a range of smaller peptides (AD 37-42 amino acids). N-terminal truncations can also be found e.g. AD (4-42, 11-42) for convenience A040 and A342 as used herein incorporates these N-terminal truncated peptides. Upon secretion, the AD peptides initially form soluble aggregates which ultimately lead to the formation of insoluble deposits and plaques. A042 is believed to be the most neurotoxic, the shorter peptides have less propensity to aggregate and form plaques. The AD plaques in the brain are also associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, multi infarct dementia, dementia pugilistisca, inclusion body myositis and Down's Syndrome. y-secretase is an association of four proteins: Aphl, Nicastrin, Presenillin and Pen-2 (review De Strooper 2003, Neuron 38, 9). A342 is selectively increased in patients carrying particular mutations in one of these components, presenilin. These mutations are correlated with early onset a familial AD. Inhibition of y-secretase resulting in the lowering of A042 is a desirable activity for the pharmaceutical community and numerous inhibitors have been found, e.g., Thompson et al (Bio. Org. and Med. Chem. Letters 1 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2006, 16, 2357-63), Shaw et al (Bio. Org. and Med. Chem. Letters 2006, 17, 511-16) and Asberom et al (Bio. Org. and Med. Chem. Letters 2007, 15, 2219-2223). Inhibition of y secretase though is not without side-effects, some of which are due to the y-secretase complex processing substrates other than C99, for e.g. Notch. A more desirable approach is to modulate the proteolytic activity of the y-secretase complex in a manner that lowers A342 in favor of shorter peptides without significantly affecting the activity of y secretase on substrates such as Notch. Compounds that have shown modulation of y-secretase include certain non steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for example Flurbiprofen, (Stock et al Bio. Org. and Med. Chem. Letters 2006, 16, 2219-2223). Other publications that disclose agents said to reduce A342 through the modulation of y-secretase include: WO 04/074232, WO 05/054193, Perreto et al Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2005, 48 5705 20, WO05/108362, WO 06/008558, WO 06/021441, WO 06/041874, WO 06/045554, WO04110350, WO 06/043964, WO 05/115990, EP1847524, WO 07/116228, WO 07/110667, WO 07/124394, EP184752, EP 01849762, WO 07/125364. SUMMARY Described herein are tetrasubstituted benzene compounds of formulas (I) and (II) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof

R

3 R4 R4 A R3 A

R

1

R

2

R

5 R 1

R

2 (I) (II) Wherein: A is CO 2 H or tetrazole; 2 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

R

1 and R 2 are independently selected from: (a) H, (b) F, (c) OH, (d) OR 6 , (e) SR 6 , (f)

NHR

7 , (g) N(R 7

)

2 (h) NHC(O)R 6 , (i) NHCO 2 R6, (j) (C 2

-C

6 )alkyl, (k) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 C 7 )cycloalkyl, (1) Cl-C 6 alkyl that is independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, S(0)-, or -S(0) 2 - groups, (M) (C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, (n) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, (o) heterocycloalkylalky and (p) (CH 2 )n 1 Q wherein n= 0-2 and wherein Q is a mono- or bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, and wherein Q is optionally independently substituted with up to 3 groups selected from alkyl, halogen, CF 3 , OH, OCF 3 , alkoxy, OCH 2

CH

2 0CH 3 , NH 2 , alkylamino, dialkylamino, morpholino, CN, NO 2 , alkylthio and alkylsulfonyl, and wherein each alkyl or cycloalkyl of R 1 and R 2 is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl, provided that both R 1 and R 2 are not H, or

R

1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring which is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo,cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl or

R

1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with R 2 0 and R 21 where R 20 and R21 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring wherein each cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo,cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl

R

6 is selected from: (a) Cl-C6 alkyl optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O), or -S(O) 2 - groups, (b) (C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, (c) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, (d) heterocycloalkylalky and (e) (CH 2 )n 1 Q wherein n= 0-2 and wherein Q is a mono- or bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, O and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, and wherein Q is optionally independently substituted with up to 3 groups selected from 3 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 alkyl, halogen, CF 3 , OH, OCF 3 , alkoxy, OCH 2

CH

2 0CH 3 , NH 2 , alkylamino, dialkylamino, morpholino, CN, NO 2 , alkylthio and alkylsulfonyl;

R

7 is independently chosen from alkyl, alkoxyethyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl or (CH 2 )n 1 Q, wherein n= 0-2 and wherein Q is a mono or bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C and wherein Q is optionally substituted with up to 3 groups independently selected from alkyl, halogen, CF 3 , OH, OCF 3 , alkoxy, OCH 2

CH

2 0CH 3 , NH 2 , alkylamino, dialkylamino, morpholino, CN, NO 2 , alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl; or in the case when two R 7 are attached to the same N and are both alkyl, they can be taken together to form a 5 membered or 6-membered ring optionally containing 0, S, N(H) or N-alkyl; X is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0-, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(R 7 )-, OCH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH-, -CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 0-, -CH 2 0CH 2 -, -CH 2

CH

2 0-, -S , -SCH 2 -, CH 2 S- , -CH 2

SCH

2 -, -C(O)NH-, -C(O)N(R 7 )-, -NHC(O)-, -N(R 7 )C(O)-, -S(O)-, -S(0 2 )-, -S(O) 2 N(H)-, -S(O) 2

N(R

7 )- , -N(H)S(O) 2 -, -N(R 7

)S(O)

2 - wherein the point of attachment of divalent linking groups, X, to R 3 in the Formulas I and II is to the right; Y is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0-, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(R 7

),

OCH

2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH-, -CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 0-, -CH 2 0CH 2 -, -CH 2

CH

2 0-, -S , -SCH 2 -, CH 2 S- , -CH 2

SCH

2 -, -C(O)NH-, -C(O)N(R 7 )-, -NHC(O)-, -N(R 7 )C(O)-, -S(O)-, -S(0 2 )-, -S(O) 2 N(H)-, -S(O) 2

N(R

7 )- , -N(H)S(O) 2 -, -N(R 7

)S(O)

2 - wherein the point of attachment of divalent linking groups, Y, to R 4 in the Formulas I and II is to the right;

R

3 is (a) C 1

-C

7 alkyl optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, S(O)-, and -S(O) 2 - groups, (b) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, (c) heterocycloalkylalkyl, or (d) a group Z, wherein Z is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 3 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl -C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2

CH

2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR, OC(O)NHR 7 , 4 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

OC(O)N(R

7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 R6, S(O) 2

NHR

7 , S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 ,

NHC(O)R

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)R

6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7

)C(O)OR

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ),

N(R

7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, C0 2

R

6 , COR 6 . In the case where R 3 is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms, the attachment site may be either at a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom of the mono-or bi cyclic ring system provided that only three bonds are made to nitrogen;

R

4 is a (a) C 1

-C

7 alkyl group optionally and independently interrupted by one or more 0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 - groups, (b) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, (c) heterocycloalkylalkyl or (d) a group Z, wherein Z is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl -C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2

CH

2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 ,

OC(O)N(R

7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 R6, S(O) 2

NHR

7 , S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 ,

NHC(O)R

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)R

6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7

)C(O)OR

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ),

N(R

7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, CO 2

R

6 , COR 6 . In the case where R 4 is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms, the attachment site may be either at a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom of the mono-or bi cyclic ring system provided that only three bonds are made to nitrogen; and

R

5 is selected from: NO 2 , NH 2 , aryl, heteroaryl, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, SR 6 ,

S(O)

2 R6, S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , (C1-C 4 ) alkyl, (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl, -O-(Co-C 3 )alkyl

(C

3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, and (C 2

-C

4 ) alkynyl, wherein each alkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl provided that one or both of R 3 and R4 is Z. In one embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring. In another embodiment R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is F, R 6 , OH, 5 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

OR

6 , SR 6 , NHR 7 , N(R7) 2

NHC(O)R

6 , NHCO 2 R6 wherein R 6 and R 7 are as defined previously. In a further embodiment R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is R 6 , OR 6 or SR 6 . In an additional embodiment R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl. In another embodiment R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is R6. In a further embodiment R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is Cl-C4 alkyl. In one embodiment X is a bond. In another embodiment X is a divalent linking group selected from -0-, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(R 7 )-, -OCH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH-, CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 0-, -CH 2 0CH 2 -, -CH 2

CH

2 0-, -S-, -SCH 2 -, CH 2 S- , -CH 2

SCH

2 -, C(O)NH-, -C(O)N(R7)-, -NHC(O)-, -N(R7)C(O)-, -S(O)-, -S(02)-, -S(O) 2 N(H)-, S(O) 2 N(R7)- , -N(H)S(O) 2 -, -N(R7)S(O) 2 - wherein the point of attachment of divalent linking groups, X, to R 3 in the Formulas I and II is to the right. In another embodiment X is -0-, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(R7)-, CH 2 0-, -S-, -S(0)2-, -S(O) 2 N(H)-, -S(O) 2 N(R7)- , C(O)NH- or -C(O)N(R7)-. In a further embodiment X is -0- , -S(0)2-, -S(O) 2 N(H)- or S(O) 2 N(R7)- . In another embodiment X is -0- or -S(0)2-. In one embodiment Y is a bond. In another embodiment Y is a divalent linking group selected from -0-, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(R7)-, -OCH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH-, CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 0-, -CH 2 0CH 2 -, -CH 2

CH

2 0-, -S-, -SCH 2 -, CH 2 S- , -CH 2

SCH

2 -, C(O)NH-, -C(O)N(R7)-, -NHC(O)-, -N(R7)C(O)-, -S(O)-, -S(02)-, -S(O) 2 N(H)-, S(O) 2 N(R7)- , -N(H)S(O) 2 -, -N(R7)S(O) 2 - wherein the point of attachment of divalent linking groups, X, to R 3 in the Formulas I and II is to the right. In another embodiment Y is -0-, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(R 7 ) -CH 2 0-, -S-, -S(0)2-, -S(O) 2 N(H)-, -S(O) 2 N(R7)- , -C(O)NH or -C(O)N(R7)-. In a further embodiment Y is -0- , -S(0)2-, -S(O) 2 N(H)- or -S(O) 2 N(R7) In another embodiment Y is -0- or -S(0)2-. In one embodiment R 3 is a Cl -C7 alkyl group optionally interrupted by -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(0) 2 - groups. In another embodiment R 3 is a Cl-C7 alkyl group. In a further embodiment R 3 is a Cl-C4 alkyl group examples include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, trifluoroethyl. In another embodiment R 3 is a cycloalkylalkyl group with examples including but not limited to cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl and cyclohexylmethyl. In another embodiment R 3 is heterocycloalkylalkyl. In another embodiment R 3 is a group Z as defined above wherein 6 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Z is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R6, CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy,

OCH

2

CH

2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 , OC(O)N(R 7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 ,

S(O)

2 R6, S(O) 2

NHR

7 , S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 , NHC(O)R 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)R6,

NHC(O)OR

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)OR

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ), N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH 2 ,

C(O)NHR

7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, CO 2 R6, COR 6 . In the latter embodiment Z comprises mono-or bi-cyclic ring system ring systems that furthermore may be fully saturated, partially saturated or aromatic. Examples of monocyclic ring systems that are fully saturated include but are not limited to 5-6 membered ring systems such as cyclohexyl, cyclopentanyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl and piperidinyl. Examples of monocyclic ring systems that are partially saturated include but are not limited to 5-6 membered ring systems such as cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, dihydrofuranyl and tetrahydropyridinyl. piperidinyl. Examples of monocyclic ring systems that are aromatic include but are not limited to 5-6 membered ring systems such as phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrrazolyl, thiophene-yl, furanyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadizolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl and thiazolyl. Examples of bicyclic ring systems that are fully saturated include but are not limited to 9 10 membered bicyclic ring systems such as decalinyl, decahydroquinolinyl and decahydroisoquinolinyl. Examples of bicyclic ring systems that are partially saturated include but are not limited to 9-10 membered bicyclic ring systems such as tetrahydronapthyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl and tetrahydroisoquinolinyl. Examples of bicyclic ring systems that are aromatic include but are not limited to 9-10 membered bicyclic ring systems such as napthyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl and imidazopyridinyl. In one further embodiment the mono-or bi-cyclic ring system ring system comprises up to 2 nitrogen atoms and up to 1 sulfur or oxygen atoms. In one embodiment R 4 is a Cl -C7 alkyl group optionally interrupted by -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 - groups. In another embodiment R 4 is a Cl-C7 alkyl group. In a further embodiment R 4 is a Cl-C4 alkyl group examples include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, trifluoroethyl. In another embodiment R 4 is a cycloalkylalkyl 7 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 group with examples including but not limited to cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl and cyclohexylmethyl. In another embodiment R 4 is heterocycloalkylalkyl. In another embodiment R 4 is a group Z as defined above wherein Z is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R6, CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy,

OCH

2

CH

2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 , OC(O)N(R 7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 ,

S(O)

2 R6, S(O) 2

NHR

7 , S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 , NHC(O)R 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)R6,

NHC(O)OR

6 , N(R 7 )C(O)OR, N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ), N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH 2 ,

C(O)NHR

7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, C0 2

R

6 , COR 6 . In the latter embodiment Z comprises mono-or bi-cyclic ring system ring systems that furthermore may be fully saturated, partially saturated or aromatic. Examples of monocyclic ring systems that are fully saturated include but are not limited to 5-6 membered ring systems such as cyclohexyl, cyclopentanyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl and piperidinyl. Examples of monocyclic ring systems that are partially saturated include but are not limited to 5-6 membered ring systems such as cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, dihydrofuranyl and tetrahydropyridinyl. piperidinyl. Examples of monocyclic ring systems that are aromatic include but are not limited to 5-6 membered ring systems such as phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrrazolyl, thiophene-yl, furanyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadizolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl and thiazolyl. Examples of bicyclic ring systems that are fully saturated include but are not limited to 9 10 membered bicyclic ring systems such as decalinyl, decahydroquinolinyl and decahydroisoquinolinyl. Examples of bicyclic ring systems that are partially saturated include but are not limited to 9-10 membered bicyclic ring systems such as tetrahydronapthyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl and tetrahydroisoquinolinyl. Examples of bicyclic ring systems that are aromatic include but are not limited to 9-10 membered bicyclic ring systems such as napthyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl and imidazopyridinyl. In one further embodiment the mono-or bi-cyclic ring system ring system comprises up to 2 nitrogen atoms and up to 1 sulfur or oxygen atoms. 8 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R4, R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above.

R

1 R2 CO2H R1 R2 CO 2 H R1 R2 CO2H

R

1 R2 CO2H

R

5

NR

5

R

5 Z R5 X-R 3 - R 3 Z R4 Z Z y, III IV V VI Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4

R

5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above. R1 R2CO 2 H R1 R2CO 2 H R1 R2CO 2 H

R

5 ' R 5 I

R

4 . /ZZ XR R 4 , / Y 5Z z x Y Z

R

5 VII VIII IX Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein

R

2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 1 is hydrogen. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and Z are as defined above; R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is Cl-C4 alkyl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein

R

1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , and Z are as defined above and X and Y are independently chosen 9 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 from a bond, -0-, -OCH 2 -, -C(O)-, -S-, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2

N(R

7 )- and -N(R 7

)S(O)

2 -. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , and Z are as defined above and X and Y are independently chosen from a bond, O-,-S(O) 2 - and -S(O) 2

N(R

7 ). Another embodiment comprises compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , and Z are as defined above and X and Y are independently chosen from a bond, -0- and S(O) 2

N(R

7 ). A further embodiment comprises compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and Z are as defined above and X and Y are independently chosen from a bond and -0-. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein

R

1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 3 and R 4 and are independently chosen from a Cl-C7 alkyl optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, S(O)-, and -S(O) 2 - groups, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 3 and R 4 and are independently chosen from Cl-C4 alkyl and cyclopropylmethyl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , Z are as defined above and X, Y and are independently chosen from a bond, -S-, -S02- and -0- and R 3 and R 4 and are independently chosen from Cl-C4 alkyl and cyclopropylmethyl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 3 and R 4 and are independently chosen from a group Z wherein Z is as defined above. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein

R

1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , X and Y are as defined above and Z is a phenyl ring bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2

CH

2

OCH

3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 ,

OC(O)N(R

7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 R6, S(O) 2

NHR

7 , S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 ,

NHC(O)R

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)R

6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7

)C(O)OR

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ),

N(R

7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, C0 2

R

6 , COR 6 . Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , X and Y are as defined above, and Z is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 10 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2

CH

2

OCH

3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 ,

OC(O)N(R

7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 R6, S(O) 2

NHR

7 , S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 ,

NHC(O)R

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)R

6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7

)C(O)OR

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ),

N(R

7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, CO 2

R

6 , COR 6 . Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein

R

1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 5 is NO 2 , NH 2 , F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy, SR 6 , S(O) 2 R6 or S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 . Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 X, Y and Z are as defined above and

R

5 is aryl or heteroaryl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 5 is chlorine or fluorine. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein

R

2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 1 is hydrogen. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and Z are as defined above; R 1 is hydrogen and R 2 is Cl-C4 alkyl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein

R

1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , and Z are as defined above and X and Y are independently chosen from a bond, -0-, -OCH 2 -, -C(O)-, -S-, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2

N(R

7 )- and -N(R 7

)S(O)

2 -. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 ,

R

4 and R 5 , and Z are as defined above and X and Y are independently chosen from a bond, -O-,-S(0) 2 - and -S(0) 2

N(R

7 ). Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R4 and R 5 , and Z are as defined above and X and Y are independently chosen from a bond, -0- and S(O) 2

N(R

7 ). Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , and Z are as defined above and X and Y are independently chosen from a bond and -0-. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 ,

R

2 , R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 3 and R 4 and are independently chosen from a Cl -C7 alkyl optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, S(O)-, and -S(O) 2 - groups, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl. Other 11 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 embodiments include compounds of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 3 and R 4 and are independently chosen from Cl-C4 alkyl and cyclopropylmethyl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , Z are as defined above and X, Y and are independently chosen from a bond, -S-, -SO 2 - and -0- and R 3 and R 4 and are independently chosen from Cl-C4 alkyl and cyclopropylmethyl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 3 and R 4 and are independently chosen from a group Z wherein Z is as defined above. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 ,

R

2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 , X and Y are as defined above and Z is a phenyl ring bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl -C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2

CH

2

OCH

3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 ,

OC(O)N(R

7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 R6, S(O) 2

NHR

7 , S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 ,

NHC(O)R

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)R

6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7

)C(O)OR

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ),

N(R

7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, C0 2

R

6 , COR 6 . Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 ,

R

4 and R 5 , X and Y are as defined above, and Z is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing ring bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R6, CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2

CH

2

OCH

3 , OC(O)R 6 ,

OC(O)OR

6 , OC(O)NHR 7 , OC(O)N(R 7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2

R

6 , S(O) 2

NHR

7 ,

S(O)

2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 , NHC(O)R 6 , N(R 7

)C(O)R

6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7

)C(O)OR

6 ,

N(R

7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ), N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, C0 2

R

6 , COR 6 . Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 ,

R

2 , R 4 X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 5 is NO 2 , NH 2 , F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy, SR 6 , S(O) 2

R

6 or S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 . Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 4 X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 5 12 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 is aryl or heteroaryl. Other embodiments include compounds of Formulas VII, VIII, IX, and X wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 4 X, Y and Z are as defined above and R 5 is chlorine or fluorine. The compounds of formulas I - IX are expected to alter the activity of y-secretase and are expected to be useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. In another embodiment A is CO 2 H. In another embodiment a compound of formula (I) is selected. In another embodiment a compound of formula (II) is selected. In another embodiment a compound of formula (III) is selected. In another embodiment a compound of formula (IV) is selected. In another embodiment a compound of formula (V) is selected. In another embodiment a compound of formula (VI) is selected. In another embodiment a compound of formula (VII) is selected. In another embodiment a compound of formula (VIII) is selected. In another embodiment a compound of formula (IX) is selected. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (C 1 C 6 )alkyl, (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, C1-C 6 alkyl that is independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 - groups or heterocycloalkylalkyl wherein each alkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, cyano, oxo, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously or

R

1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring which are; optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, cyano, CF 3 , C1-C 4 alkyl or

R

1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with R 2 0 and R 21 where R 20 and R21 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring wherein each cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl. 13 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (C 1 C 6 )alkyl, (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl wherein each alkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, cyano, CF 3 , C1-C 4 alkyl provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (C 1 C 6 )alkyl, wherein alkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (C 3 C 6 )alkyl, wherein alkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, n-butyl, iso-pentyl, and n-pentyl wherein alkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C1-C 4 alkyl provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously. In another embodiment R 1 is H. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is n-propyl. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is iso-butyl. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is n-butyl. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is iso-pentyl. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is n-pentyl. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (Co

C

3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl wherein cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo,cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (Co CI)alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl wherein cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo,cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously. 14 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (Co CI)alkyl-(C 3 -Cs)cycloalkyl wherein cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo,cyano, CF 3 , CI-C 4 alkyl provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclopropylmethyl and cyclobutylmethyl. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is cyclopentyl. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is cyclopropylmethyl. In another embodiment R 1 is H and R 2 is cyclobutylmethyl. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring which are; optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , CI-C 4 alkyl or

R

1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with R 2 0 and R 21 where R 20 and R21 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring wherein each cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo,cyano, CF 3 , C1-C 4 alkyl. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring which are; optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , CI-C 4 alkyl. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring which are; optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C1-C 4 alkyl. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a cyclopropyl ring. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a cyclobutyl ring. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a cyclopentyl ring. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a cyclohexyl ring. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with R 20 and R21 where R 20 and R21 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring wherein each cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl. 15 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted on the same carbon atom with R 20 and R21 where R 20 and R21 are taken together to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring wherein each cycloalkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano,

CF

3 , C1-C 4 alkyl. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a spiro[2.3]hexane, a spiro[3.3]heptane or a spiro[3.4]octane ring system. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a spiro[2.3]hexane ring system. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a spiro[3.3]heptane ring system. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a spiro[3.4]octane ring system. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 5,5-disubstituted spiro[2.3]hexane ring system. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 2,2- disubstituted spiro[3.3]heptane ring system. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form a 2,2- disubstituted spiro[3.4]octane ring system. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, F, OH, OR6, SR 6 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2

NHC(O)R

6 or NHCO 2

R

6 provided that R 1 and R 2 are not H simultaneously. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 if not H are unsubstituted, except that when R 1 and R 2 are taken with the carbon to which they are attached form C 3

-C

7 ring, the ring may be substituted with R 20 and R21, which themselves are unsubstituted. In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 if not H are optionally singly or multiply independently substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl In another embodiment R 1 and R 2 if not H are singly or multiply independently substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl 16 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment R 6 is Cl-C6 alkyl optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 - groups, (C 3

-C

7 )cycloalkyl, (C 4 C 8 ) cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl. In another embodiment R 6 is C 1

-C

6 alkyl optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(0)-, or -S(0) 2 - groups. In another embodiment R6 (C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl. In another embodiment R6 is a (Co-C 3 )alkyl- (C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl In another embodiment R6 heterocycloalkylalkyl. In another embodiment R6 is (CH 2

)

1 Q. In another embodiment R6 is -CH 2 -Q. In another embodiment Q is aryl. In another embodiment Q is heteroaryl. In another embodiment Q is monocyclic heteroaryl. In another embodiment Q is bicyclic heteroaryl. In another embodiment X is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0-,

-OCH

2 -,-OCH(R7)-, -OCH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH-, -CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 0-, CH 2 0CH 2 -, -CH 2

CH

2 0-, -S-, -SCH 2 -, CH 2 S- or -CH 2

SCH

2 -. In another embodiment X is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0-,

-OCH

2 -, -OCH(R7)-, -OCH 2

CH

2

-,-CH

2 0-, -CH 2 0CH 2 -, or -CH 2

CH

2 0. In another embodiment X is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH- or-CH 2

CH

2 In another embodiment X is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -S-,

-SCH

2 -, CH 2 S- or -CH 2

SCH

2 -. In another embodiment X is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0 or -S-. In another embodiment X is a bond. In another embodiment X is the divalent linking group -0-. In another embodiment X is the divalent linking group -S-. In another embodiment Y is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0-,

-OCH

2 -, -OCH(R 7 )-, -OCH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH-, -CH 2

CH

2 -, -CH 2 0-, CH 2 0CH 2 -, -CH 2

CH

2 0-, -S-, -SCH 2 -, CH 2 S- or -CH 2

SCH

2 -. 17 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment Y is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0-,

-OCH

2 -, -OCH(R 7 )-, -OCH 2

CH

2

-,-CH

2 0-, -CH 2 0CH 2 -, or -CH 2

CH

2 0 In another embodiment Y is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -CH 2 -, C(O)-, -CH=CH- or-CH 2

CH

2 -. In another embodiment Y is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -S-,

-SCH

2 -, CH 2 S- or -CH 2

SCH

2 -. In another embodiment Y is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0 or -S-. In another embodiment Y is a bond. In another embodiment Y is the divalent linking group -0-. In another embodiment Y is the divalent linking group -S-. In another embodiment R 3 is a C1-C 4 alkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a C1-C 3 alkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a C 2

-C

3 alkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is selected from ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, trifluoroethyl, or trifluoropropyl. In another embodiment R 3 is ethyl. In another embodiment R 3 is n-propyl. In another embodiment R 3 is iso-propyl. In another embodiment R 3 is trifluoroethyl. In another embodiment R 3 is trifluoropropyl. In another embodiment R 3 is a (C 4 -Cio) cycloalkylalkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a (C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a (CI-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a (CI)alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a (C 1 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

4 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a cyclopropylmethyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is a cyclobutylmethyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is heterocycloalkylalkyl group. In another embodiment R 3 is represented by the group Z. 18 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment R 3 is not cyclopropylmethyl In another embodiment Z is monocyclic. In another embodiment Z is bicyclic In another embodiment Z is heteroaryl In another embodiment Z is unsubstituted heteroaryl In another embodiment Z is benzo[b]thiophenyl, benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoyl, benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl or benzo[d]thiazolyl In another embodiment Z is benzo[b]thiophenyl or benzo[d]thiazolyl In another embodiment Z is benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoyl or benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl In another embodiment Z is benzo[b]thiophenyl In another embodiment Z is benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoyl In another embodiment Z is benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl In another embodiment Z is benzo[d]thiazolyl In another embodiment Z is aryl In another embodiment Z is substituted phenyl In another embodiment Z is 4-substituted phenyl In another embodiment Z is optionally susbsituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2

CH

2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 ,

OC(O)N(R

7

)

2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 Rs, S(O) 2

NHR

7 , S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2 ,

NHC(O)R

6 , N(R 7

)C(O)R

6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)OR, N(R 7

)C(O)NH(R

7 ),

N(R

7

)C(O)NH(R

7

)

2 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7

)

2 , CO 2 H, CO 2

R

6 or COR 6 In another embodiment Z is optionally susbsituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2

CH

2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR, SR 6 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2

CO

2 H, C0 2

R

6 or COR 6 In another embodiment Z is optionally susbsituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, aryloxy,

OCH

2

CH

2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 or SR 6 19 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment Z is optionally susbsituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , C 1

-C

4 alkoxy,

OCH

2

CH

2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 or SR 6 In another embodiment Z is optionally susbsituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, C1-C 6 alkyl, (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 C7)cycloalkyl, CF 3 , C1-C 4 alkoxy, or SR 6 In another embodiment Z is optionally susbsituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from F, Cl, C 1

-C

3 alkyl, (C 3

-C

6 )cycloalkyl, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, S-(CI-C4)alkyl or S-(Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl In another embodiment Z is optionally susbsituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from F, Cl, C 1

-C

3 alkyl, (C 3

-C

6 )cycloalkyl, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, or S-(CI-C 3 )alkyl In another embodiment Z is susbsituted CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCH 2

CF

3 , F, Cl, SMe, Me, Et, iPr In another embodiment Z is susbsituted with F In another embodiment Z is susbsituted with Cl In another embodiment Z is susbsituted with C 1

-C

3 alkyl In another embodiment Z is susbsituted with (C 3

-C

6 )cycloalkyl In another embodiment Z is susbsituted with CF 3 , In another embodiment Z is susbsituted with C 1

-C

4 alkoxy In another embodiment Z is susbsituted with S-(C 1

-C

3 )alkyl In another embodiment R4 is a C 1

-C

7 alkyl group. In another embodiment R4 is a C 1

-C

4 alkyl group. In another embodiment R4 is a C 1

-C

3 alkyl group. In another embodiment R4 is a C 2

-C

3 alkyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is selected from ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, trifluoroethyl, or trifluoropropyl. In another embodiment R4 is ethyl. In another embodiment R 4 is n-propyl. In another embodiment R4 is iso-propyl. 20 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment R 4 is trifluoroethyl. In another embodiment R 4 is trifluoropropyl. In another embodiment R 4 is a (C 4 -Cio) cycloalkylalkyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is a (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is a (C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is a (CI-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is a (CI)alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is a (CI)alkyl-(C 3

-C

4 ) cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is a cyclopropylmethyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is a cyclobutylmethyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is heterocycloalkylalkyl group. In another embodiment R 4 is represented by the group Z. In another embodiment R 4 is not cyclopropylmethyl In another embodiment R 5 is, F, Cl, Br, CN, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, SR6, (C 1

-C

4 ) alkyl, (Co

C

3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl, -(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkly or (C 2

-C

4 ) alkynyl , where each alkyl or cycloalkly is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, cyano, CF 3 , C1-C 4 alkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is, F, Cl, Br, CN, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy, SR 6 , (C 1

-C

4 ) alkyl, (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl, -(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkly or (C 2

-C

4 ) alkynyl , where each alkyl or cycloalkly is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, cyano, CF 3 , C1-C 4 alkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is F, Cl, Br, CN, C 1

-C

4 alkoxy , -S-(CI-C 4 )alkyl or (C 1 C 4 ) alkyl, where each alkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is F, Cl, Br, CN, C 1

-C

3 alkoxy -S-(CI-C 3 )alkyl or (C 1 C 3 ) alkyl, where each alkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, cyano, CF 3 , C 1

-C

4 alkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is F, Cl, Br or CN. In another embodiment R 5 is F or Cl. In another embodiment R 5 is F. 21 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment R 5 is Cl. In another embodiment R 5 is Br. In another embodiment R 5 is CN. In another embodiment R 5 is C 1

-C

3 alkoxy -S-(C 1

-C

3 )alkyl or (C 1

-C

3 ) alkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is C 1

-C

3 alkoxy. In another embodiment R 5 is tri-fluoroethoxy or tri-fluoropropoxy. In another embodiment R 5 is (CI-C 3 ) alkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is CF 3 . In another embodiment R 5 is -S-(C 1

-C

3 )alkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is -S-Me, -S-Et or -S-CH 2

CF

3 . In another embodiment R 5 is SR6. In another embodiment R 5 is (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl, (C 2

-C

4 ) alkynyl, or

-(C

3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is (C 2

-C

4 ) alkynyl. In another embodiment R 5 is trifluroethynyl. In another embodiment R 5 is (C 3

-C

7 ) cycloalkyl. In another embodiment R 5 is cyclopropyl. In another embodiment R 5 is NO 2 or NH 2 . In another embodiment R 5 is aryl or heteroaryl. In another embodiment the compound is a compound selected from examples 100-3217. In another embodiment a racemic compound described in the dislcoure is selected. In another embodiment a single enantiomer of the previous embodiments is selected. In another embodiment a single enantiomer of configuration (R) of the previous embodiments is selected. In another embodiment a single enantiomer of configuration (S) of the previous embodiments is selected. In another embodiment a solvate of a compound of formula (I-IX) is selected. 22 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In another embodiment a polymorph of compound of formula (I-IX) is selected. In a separate embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition comprising of the compound of the previous embodiments and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In a separate embodiment, a method for treating a neurodegenerative disorder comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the previous embodiments. In another embodiment a method for treating Alzheimer's Disease comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the previous embodiments. In the case compounds of Formula (I-IX) may contain asymmetric centers and exist as different enantiomers or diastereomers. All enantiomers or diastereomeric forms are embodied herein. Compounds in the disclosure, e.g., compounds of Formulas I-IX, may be in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases and acids, including inorganic and organic bases and inorganic and organic acids. Salts derived from inorganic bases include lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and zinc. Salts derived from organic bases include ammonia, primary (e.g. Tromethamine), secondary and tertiary amines, and amino acids (e.g. Lysine). Salts derived from inorganic acids include sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, methanesulphonic, hydrobromic. Salts derived from organic acids include C1_6 alkyl carboxylic acids, di carboxylic acids and tricarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid and citric acid, and alkylsulfonic acids such as methanesulphonic, and aryl sulfonic acids such as para-tolouene sulfonic acid and benzene sulfonic acid. For detailed list of slats see P.H.Stahl and C.G. Wermuth (eds.) "Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, Selection and Use" Wiley-VCH (ISBN 3-906390-26-8) Compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be in the form of a solvates. This occurs when a compound of formula (I-IX)) crystallizes in a manner that it incorporates solvent molecules into the crystal lattice. Examples of solvents forming 23 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 solvates are water (hydrates), MeOH, EtOH, iPrOH, and acetone. Formulas I-IX cover all solvates of the depicted compounds. Compounds in the disclosure may exist in different crystal forms known as polymorphs. Practitioners of the art will recognize that certain chemical groups may exist in multiple tautomeric forms. The scope of this disclosure is meant to include all such tautomeric forms. For example, a tetrazole may exist in two tautomeric forms, 1-H tetrazole and a 2-H tetrazole. This is depicted in figure below. This example is not meant to be limiting in the scope of tautomeric forms. NN N=N RR - , H N N H 1 H-tetrazole 2H-tetrazole Practitioners of the art will recognize that certain electrophilic ketones, may exist in a hydrated form. The scope of this disclosure is to include all such hydrated forms. For example, a trifluoromethyl ketone may exist in a hydrated form via addition of water to the carbonyl group. This is depicted in figure below. This example is not meant to be limiting in the scope of hydrated forms. 0 +H 2 0 HO OH R CF 3 - H 2 0 R CF 3 Abbreviations used in the following examples and preparations include: AD Amyloid-beta ABL AD lowering Ac acyl (Me-C(O)-) AD Alzheimer's Disease APP Amyloid Precursor Protein Bn Benzyl b/p brain/plasma BSA Bovine serum Albumin 24 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 c Cyclo called. Calculated cBu Cylcobutyl c-Bu Cylcobutyl Cmax Maximal concentration cPr Cyclopropyl c-Pr Cyclopropyl CHAPS 3-[3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethyl-ammonio]-1 -propane sulfonate CTF Carboxy Terminal Fragment CSF Cerebrospinal fluid DAPT N-[(3,5-Difluorophenyl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenyl]glycine-1,1 dimethylethyl ester DCC N.N', Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide DEA Di-ethylamine DIEA Di-isopropylethyl amine DMAP 4-Dimethylamino Pyridine DMF Dimethylformamide DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide Dppf 1,4-Bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene EDC 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide Hydrochloride EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay Et 3 N Triethylamine Eq. Equivalent g gram(s) HOBt 1 -Hydroxybenzotriazole HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography h Hour(s) hr Hour(s) i.v or IV. Intravenous KHMDS Potassium Hexamethydisilazide 25 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 LC-MS Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry LDA Lithium Di-isopropylamide m Multiplet MeOH Methyl Alcohol or Methanol m meta mcpba meta-chloro perbenzoic acid min Minute(s) mmol millimoles mmole millimoles ul Microliter ptl microliter Ms Mesylate MS Mass Spectrometry MW Molecular Weight (all values are ±0.05) n normal NBS N-Bromosuccinimide NCS N-Chlorosuccinimide NIS N-Iodosuccinimide NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMM N-Methyl Morpholine NSAIDS Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs o ortho o/n overnight p para PBS Phosphate Buffered Saline PEPPSI 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidene)( 3-chloropyridyl) palladium(II) dichloride PhNTf 2 1,1,1 -trifluoro-N-phenyl-N (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide POPd Dihydrogen dichlorobis(di-tert-butylphosphinito-kp) palladate (2-) 26 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 p.s.i. Pounds per square inch PPAA 1-Propanephosphonic Acid Cyclic Anhydride PyBOP@ Benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate PK Pharmacokinetics RT (or rt) room temperature (about 20-25*C) s Singlet sat. Saturated sec secondary t Triplet tert tertiary TBAF Tetra-butyl ammonium fluoride TFA Trifluoroacetic Acid THF Tetrahydrofuran TMB 3,3' 5, 5' Tetramethylbenzidine TMS Trimethylsilyl Tf Triflate Ts Tosylate v/v volume/volume wt/v weight/volume DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE Figure 1 demonstrates the desirable effect on AD after the administration of example 1301 (2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid) to in C57BL/6 mice when give one dose at 30 mg/kg in a Solutol HS 15: Ethanol: Water (15:10:75) formulation (measuring AD at 3 hours). DETAILED DESCRIPTION Described below are compounds within Formulas I and II as well as methods for preparing the compounds and using the compounds to treat one or more symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The ompounds of the disclosure are gamma secretase modulators (GSMs), i.e., compounds that act to shift the relative levels of AD peptides produced by y 27 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 secretase. In some cases the compounds alter the relative levels of AD peptides produced by y-secretase without significantly changing the total level of AD peptides produced. General Reaction Schemes The tetrasubstituted benzene compounds of Formulas I and II may be prepared by multistep organic synthetic routes from known fluoronitrobenzene and chloronitrobenzene starting materials e.g. 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene, 4-fluoro-2-cyano nitrobenzene, 3-nitro-4-chlorobenzene, 2,4,5-trifluoronitrobenzene, 2,4,5 trichloronitrobenzene or alternatively from 4-hydroxyphenyl and 4-aminophenyl acetic acid starting materials by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis using established organic synthesis procedures. The 1-position acetic acid moiety common to compounds of Formulas I and II, as the free acid itself or as an ester derivative thereof, is already present in the case of a 4 hydroxyphenyl acetic acid or 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid ester starting material. In the case of a 4-fluoronitrobenzene starting materials or intermediates, the acetic acid moiety can be introduced by standard nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the 4-fluoro group with an unsubstituted malonic ester (eg diethyl malonate) or a malonic ester derivative already bearing an R 1 group (eg. diethyl 2-isobutylmalonate). Introduction of the X-R 3 and Y-R 4 groups or intermediate groups that are further elaborated to X-R 3 and Y-R 4 can be carried out by substitution or manipulation of suitable 3 or 4-position functional groups in appropriate starting materials or intermediates en route to Formulas I and II respectively. In cases where X or Y is a bond, a 3 or 4-position halogen or triflate group is replaced with an aryl or heteroaryl group by carbon-carbon bond forming reaction typically a Suzuki coupling reaction. In cases where X or Y is 0, S or N, a 3 or 4 position halogen (eg the corresponding 2-fluoro group of a 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene starting material) substitution reaction is performed using HO-R 3 or HS-R 3 or H 2

N-R

3 and a base (eg NaH, K 2

CO

3 ) in a suitable solvent (eg DMF). Compounds where X or Y is -S(O)- or -S(0 2 )- are prepared by oxidation of compounds where X or Y is S. Compounds where X or Y is -S(O) 2 N(H)-, -S(O) 2

N(R

5 )- can be prepared by conversion of a 3 or 4-position nitro group (eg the nitro group of the nitrobenzene starting material) 28 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 to a sulfonyl chloride via Sandmeyer reaction followed by addition of the corresponding amine. Compounds where X or Y is N(H)S(O) 2 - or -N(R 5

)S(O)

2 - can be prepared by reduction of a 3 or 4-position nitro group to the corresponding aniline followed by reaction with the corresponding sulfonylchloride . Compounds where X or Y is NHC(O) or -N(R 5 )C(O)- can be prepared by reduction of a 3 or 4-position nitro group to the corresponding aniline followed by reaction with the corresponding carboxylic acid chloride. Compounds where X or Y is a -C(O)- can be prepared by addition of an organometallic reagent (e.g., a Grignard reagent or organolithium) to a 3 or 4-position cyano group directly or in a 2-step sequence by addition of an organometallic reagent to a 3 or 4-position carboxaldehyde group followed by oxidation. Compounds where X or Y is -C(O)NH- or C(O)N(R 5 )- )- can be prepared by addition of a corresponding amine to a 3 or 4-position carboxylic acid which in turn may be prepared by hydrolysis of a 3 or 4 position cyano group. Either aromatic nucleophilic substitution of a 2-fluoro-1 nitrobenzene intermediate or alkylation of a 3 or 4-hydroxybenzene intermediate with the corresponding alkyl bromide or triflate may be used to prepare compounds of Formulas I and II where the R 4 group is OCH 2

CF

3 , C2-C4 alkoxy, or cyclopropyloxymethyl. Compounds wherein the R 4 group is an alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group attached by a carbon-carbon bond may be prepared by a Suzuki coupling reaction. In this process an aryl or heteroaryl boronic acid or borate ester is reacted with an intermediate compound having a 3 or 4-position halogen or triflate group. This method results in replacement of the halogen or triflate group with an aryl or heteroaryl group which is then bonded to the intermediate at the carbon atom previously bearing the boronic acid or ester group. Compounds wherein the R 4 group is a heteroaryl group attached by a carbon-nitrogen bond may be prepared by reacting a 3 or 4-iodo intermediate with a heteroaromatic heterocycle having an acidic N-H group under Ulman reaction or copper catalyzed reaction conditions. Compounds of Formulas I and II wherein A = tetrazole may be prepared from their corresponding nitriles A = CN which are available via dehydration of the corresponding primary amides A = CONH 2 whose preparation is described above. Thus, treatment of 29 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 the nitrile with an azide, such as sodium azide or tributylstanyl azide (Bu 3 SnN 3 ) at a temperature of 20-100 0 C, optionally with a solvent such as DMF, THF or DMSO. Compounds of the disclosure of Formula III in which R 1 is R 8 an alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or an arylalkyl group, R 2 is R 9 a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or an arylalkyl group, Y is 0, X is a bond, R 3 is Z , R 4 and R 5 are as described previously and thus having general Formula XXIV may be prepared generally as depicted in Scheme 1.

CO

2 Et R8 R9 CO 2 Et R 8 R9 CO 2 Et 1. NaH/DMF R 8 Br 1. H 2 /Pd-C HNO3 2. NaH/DMF R9Br 2. Br 2 /HOAc Br

OCH

2 Ph OCH 2 Ph OH XX XXI

CO

2 Et

R

8

CO

2 Et 1. Pd /ZB(OH) 2

R

8

CO

2 H Base/RX 2. SnCl 2 /EtOH 0 2 N Br O2N Br 3. HNO 2 /CuX R5 z OH XXII O-R 4. Optional Steps O R4 Scheme 1 xxiii 5. LiOH XXIV Thus, as depicted in Scheme 1 an alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or arylalkyl R 8 group is introduced in the first step by treating ethyl 4-benzyloxyphenylacetate one equivalent of a suitable deprotonating base such as sodium hydride in an appropriate organic solvent followed by the addition of the corresponding reactive alkyl bromide RsBr such as isobutylbromide to yield XX where

R

9 is hydrogen. In cases where a second alkyl or aralkyl group is present this alkylation step is repeated using R 9 Br as an alkylating agent. In cases where a spirocyclic ring is formed by R 8 and R 9 (e..g. cyclopropyl) then the appropriate dibromide is used (e.g. dibromoethane in the case of cyclopropyl). The benzyl group is then removed under 30 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 standard catalytic hydrogenation conditions and the resulting phenol is treated with bromine in acetic acid to give the bromophenol intermediate XXI. Nitration of XXI then yields nitrophenol intermediate XXII which then us subjected to a standard base mediated aliphatic or aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction with an alkyl or aryl halide R 4 -X to give intermediate XXIII where R 4 is alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl,heteroarylalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl. This is then followed by introduction of the Z group by standard reactions. Such reactions are exemplified by the well established Suzuki coupling of a substituted aryl or heteroaryl boronic acid derivative Z-B(OH) 2 using a suitable palladium(O) catalyst typically bearing with phosphine ligands (e.g. Pd(PPh 3

)

4 or tetrakistriphenylphosphine) in the case where Z is linked by a carbon-carbon bond and by copper (eg Cul) mediated Ulman type coupling of a heteroaryl ring bearing an active N-H group where Z is a heteroaryl ring linked by a nitrogen-carbon bond.

CO

2 Et Br CO 2 Et

R

10

CO

2 H NBS 1. R-X-Na R 2. optional steps R Z Z Z o5 O'R4 AIBN O'R4 3. LiOH OR4 XXV XXVI XXVII Scheme 2 After introduction of the Z group, the nitro group is converted to the corresponding aniline by any number of standard reduction conditions (eg SnCl 2 reduction). This is followed by conversion of the resulting aniline to the diazonium salt which is then converted "in situ" either directly to R 5 either directly in the case where R 5 is F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy or SR 6 , by using the appropriate copper salt ie CuCl, CuBr, CuCN or nucleophile ie water, alcohol or thiol or in a subsequent step e.g. oxidation (eg with MCPBA) of the product of thiol coupling when R 5 is S(O) 2 R6 ; e.g. Suzuki coupling of the bromide product when R 5 is heteroaryl e.g. treatment of an intermediate 31 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 sulfonylchloride obtained via CuCl/SO 2 conditions with an amine HN(R 7

)

2 , when R 5 is

S(O)

2

N(R

7

)

2 , e.g. Burton trifluoromethylation reaction of the iodide product (Burton, D. J.; Wiemers, D. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 5014 and 1986, 108, 832; Miller, J.A., Coleman, M. C.; Matthews, R. S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 2637) when R 5 is CF 3 Standard ester hydrolysis yields compounds of Formula XXIV. Compounds of the disclosure of Formula III in which R 1 is OH, ORs, SR 6 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2

NHC(O)R

6 or NHCO 2

R

6 ; R 2 is H; Y is 0, X is a bond, R 3 is Z , R 4 and R 5 are as described previously and thus having general Formula XXVII may be prepared generally as depicted in Scheme 2. Thus, as depicted in Scheme 2 bromination of intermediates of general Formula XXV, prepared according to Scheme 1, e.g. with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) yields intermediate XXVI. In a subsequent step the Br atom is replaced by a suitable alkoxide, thiolate or masked amine nucleophile (eg azide or N 3 ). The product of the latter reaction is either directly subjected to ester hydrolysis or further processed in optional steps (eg by conversion the masked amine to an amino group followed by reductive amination to give mono or dialkylamine derivatives, and optionally acylation or carbamoylation of such amine derivatives) and then subjected to final ester hydrolysis to give compounds of Formula XXVII in which RIO is OH, OR 6 , SR 6 , NHR 7 , N(R 7

)

2

NHC(O)R

6 or NHCO 2

R

6 R R9 COEt R 9COEt R C 2 H 1. Pd 0

/Z

1

B(OH)

2 1.Pd 0

/Z

2

B(OH)

2 1. HNO 2 /CuX xxii 3W No 2. Triflic I2. SnCl 2 /EtOH 2. Optional Steps anhydride 0 2 N Z1 H 2 N Zi 3. LiOH Z2 OTf Z 2 Z Scheme 3 XXVII XXIX XXX Compounds of the disclosure of Formula III and IV in which R 1 is R 8 an alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or an arylalkyl group, R 2 is R 9 a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, X and Y are a bond, R 3 and R 4 are respectively Z1 and Z 2 representing 32 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 independently chosen Z groups as defined above and R 5 is as described previously and thus having general Formula XXX may be prepared generally as depicted in Scheme 3 starting from compounds of general Formula XXII which can be prepared as described in Scheme 1. Compounds of Formula V in which R 1 is R 8 an alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or an arylalkyl group, R 2 is R 9 a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl; X is Q = 0, S, or SO 2 ; R 5 is F or Cl; R 3 and Z are as described previously and thus having general Formula XXXIV may be prepared generally as depicted in Scheme 4. Accordingly, the 4-halo group of 2,4,5-trifluoronitrobenzene or 2,4,5 trichloronitrobenzene is selectively displaced by reaction with a 2-substituted diethylmalonate R 8

YCH(CO

2 Et) 2 under basic conditions (eg NaH/DMF) followed by hydrolysis and esterification to give intermediate XXXI. Subsequently the 2-halo group undergoes nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction by treatment with a R 3 -J-H compound (wherein J is 0, S) under basic conditions (eg NaH/DMF) followed by reduction and Sandmeyer reaction to give iodide XXXII. Hal

R

8

CO

2 Et

R

8

CO

2 Et Hal 1. NaH, R8CH(CO2Et) 2 Hal 1. R3-J-H Base Hal Hal 2. aq. HCI Hal 2. SnCl2 R3

NO

2 3. EtOH/HCI

NO

2 3. HNO2/Cul Hal= F or Cl XXXI XXX Pdo R 8

CO

2 Et

R

8 R9 CO2H Z Hal 1. optional NaH R 9 Br Hal ZB(OH)2 / ,R3R Z 2. LiOH/THF/H20

J'R

3 Scheme 4 XXXI 33 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Suzuki coupling then gives intermediates of general formula XXXIII. Introduction of an

R

9 group may be conducted using alkylation conditions described above. Compounds wherein J is SO 2 may be prepared by standard oxidation of intermediates XXXIII wherein J is S. Final products having general Formula XXXIV are then prepared by standard ester hydrolysis. Compounds of Formula IV in which R 1 is R 8 an alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or an arylalkyl group, R 2 is R 9 a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl; X is 0; R 5 is Cl; R 3 and Z are as described previously and thus having general Formula XXXVIII may be prepared generally as depicted in Scheme 5. Accordingly, the 4-fluoro group of 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene is selectively displaced by reaction with a 2-substituted diethylmalonate R 8

CH

2

(CO

2 Et) 2 under basic conditions (eg NaH/DMF) followed by hydrolysis and esterification to give intermediate XXXV. Subsequently the 2-halo group undergoes nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction by treatment with a R 3 -0-H compound under basic conditions (eg NaH/DMF) followed by reduction and chlorination reaction (eg with N-chlorosuccinimide) to give chloroaniline intermediates of general formula XXXVI. Sandmeyer iodination reaction to followed by Suzuki coupling then gives intermediates of general formula XXXVII.. Introduction of an R 9 group may be conducted using alkylation conditions described above. Final products having general Formula XXXVIII are then prepared by standard ester hydrolysis. 34 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 F

R

8

CO

2 Et

R

8 C0 2

R

3 1. R 3 -O-H Base 1. NaH, R 8 CH(CO2Et) 2 2. I2. SnCl2 / R F 2. aq. HCI F CO

NO

2 3. EtOH/HCI NO 2 3. NCS/CHC13 NH 2 XXXV XXXVI 1. HNO 2 /CuI R 8 C0 2

R

3

R

8 R9 CO2H 0. 1. optional NaH RgBr 2. Z /ZB(OH) 2. LiOH/THF/H20 CI O'R3 z Scheme 5 XXXVil XXXVill F

CO

2 Et

CO

2 Et 1. NaH,R3JH 1. SnCl2 2. NaH, CH2(CO2Et) 2 1 R 2. Halogenation or Nitration /- R F 3. aq. HCI R 5 J

NO

2 4. EtOH/HC NO 2

NH

2 XXXIX XL 1. HNO 2 /CuI R 8

C

2 Et 1. optional SnCl2 when R5 = nitro R 8

CO

2 H -3 2. optional diazotizatio n/substitution 2. Pdo/ZB(OH) 2 R5 J R 3 when R5 = NH2 R3 3 a 8r R 5 -1 R5R 3. NaH R 8 Br Z 3. optional NaH RgBr RJ z Scheme 6 XLI 4. LiOH/THF/H20 XLII Compounds of Formula IV in which R 1 is R 8 an alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or an arylalkyl group, R 2 is R 9 a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl; X 35 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 is J= 0, S; R 5 is NO 2 , NH 2 , CN, SR 6 , S0 2

R

6 , S0 2

N(R

7

)

2 F, Cl, Br; R 3 and Z are as described previously and thus having general Formula XLII may be prepared generally as depicted in Scheme 6. Accordingly, the 2-fluoro group of 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene is selectively displaced by reaction with a an alcohol or thiol of formula R 3 -J-H under basic conditions (eg NaH/DMF). The 4-fluoro group of the resulting product is substituted with diethylmalonate under basic conditions (eg NaH/DMF) followed by hydrolysis and esterification to give intermediates of Formula XXXIX. Reduction of the nitro group of XXXIX followed by nitration of the resulting aniline give nitroaniline intermediates of Formula XL. Sandmeyer iodination reaction, followed by Suzuki coupling and finally alkylation reaction to introduce R 8 then gives intermediates of general Formula XLI. The nitro group of XLI may be optionally reduced via any number of standard reduction conditions (eg SnCl 2 ) to an aniline which may in turn optionally be converted to diverse other R 5 groups either directly or in multistep procedures. Thus, in the case where R 5 is F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, Cl-C4 alkoxy or SR 6 , diazotization of the aniline is followed by direct "in situ" conversion to R 5 using the appropriate copper salt ie CuCl, CuBr, CuCN or nucleophile ie water, alcohol or thiol. Intermediates where R 5 is S(O) 2

R

6 may be prepared by subsequent step oxidation (eg with MCPBA) of the above products of thiol coupling wherein R 5 is SR 6 . Intermediates where R 5 is eg heteroaryl, C2-C4 alkynyl or cyclopropyl may be prepared by subsequent Suzuki coupling of the above products wherein R 5 is Br or I. Intermediates where R 5 is CF3 may be prepared by Burton reaction of the above products wherein R 5 is I. Intermediates where R 5 is is S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , may be prepared by subsequent reaction of above direct sulfonylchloride products (obtained via CuCl/SO 2 conditions ) with an amine HN(R 7

)

2 , Final products having general Formula XLII are then prepared by optional alkylation reaction to introduce R 9 followed by standard ester hydrolysis. 11 36 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

CO

2 Et

R

8

CO

2 Et

R

8

CO

2 Et 1.SnCI2 Pd 0

/ZB(OH)

2 S ,R 3 2. NBS Br J'R 3 Z 'R3

NO

2 3. NaH R 8 Br

NH

2

NH

2 XXXIX XLI ll XLIV

R

8

CO

2 Et

R

8 R9CO2H H NO 2 /CuX or 1. optional NaH R 9 Br other nucleophile Z JR 3 R R5 2. LiOH/THF/H20 Z J Scheme 7 XLV R5 XLVI Compounds of Formula VII in which R1 is R8 an alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or an arylalkyl group, R2 is R9 a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl; X is J= 0, S; R5 is NO 2 , NH 2 , CN, SR6, S02R6, S0 2 N(R7) 2 F, Cl, Br; R3 and Z are as described previously and thus having general Formula XLV may be prepared generally as depicted in Scheme 7. Reduction of the nitro group of XXXIX followed by bromination (eg with NBS) of the resulting aniline and prepared by 1 alkylation reaction to introduce R9 gives bromoaniline intermediates of Formula XLIII Suzuki coupling reaction substitutes Z groups for the Br group to give intermediates of general Formula XLIV. The aniline group in intermediates of Formula Formula XLIV may in turn optionally be converted to diverse other R5 groups either directly or in multistep procedures. Thus, in the case where R5 is F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy or SR 5 , diazotization of the aniline is followed by direct "in situ" conversion to R5 using the appropriate copper salt ie CuCl, CuBr, CuCN or nucleophile ie water, alcohol or thiol. Intermediates where R5 is S(O)2R6 may be prepared by subsequent step oxidation (eg with MCPBA) of the above products of thiol coupling wherein R5 is SR6. Intermediates where R5 is eg heteroaryl, C2-C4 alkynyl or cyclopropyl may be prepared by subsequent Suzuki coupling of the above 37 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 products wherein R 5 is Br or I. Intermediates where R 5 is CF3 may be prepared by Burton reaction of the above products wherein R 5 is I. Intermediates where R 5 is is S(O) 2

N(R

7

)

2 , may be prepared by subsequent reaction of above direct sulfonylchloride products (obtained via CuCl/SO 2 conditions ) with an amine HN(R 7

)

2 , Final products having general Formula XLII are then prepared by optional alkylation reaction to introduce R 9 followed by standard ester hydrolysis. F 1. 2 NaH, 2 R 3 J-H CO 2 Et

CO

2 Et 2. NaH, CH2(CO2Et) 2 1. SnC12 F F 3. aq. HCI 2. HNO 2 /Cul NO2 4. EtOH/HCI

R

3

NO

2

R

3 XLVII XLVIll

R

8

CO

2 Et Rg

R

8 9

CO

2 H 1. Pd 0

/ZB(OH)

2 1. optional NaH R 9 Br 2. NaH R813r

R

3 Z R 3 2. KOH

R

3 Z R 3 Scheme 8 XLIX L Compounds of Formula IV in which R 1 is R 8 an alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or an arylalkyl group, R 2 is R 9 a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroarylalkyl; X

R

3 and R 5 are identical (J-R3 in Scheme 8) and are either Cl -C4 alkoxy or SR 6 groups; and Z is as described previously and thus having general Formula L may be prepared generally as depicted in Scheme 8. Accordingly, the 2 and 6-fluoro groups of 2,4,6 trifluoronitrobenzene are selectively displaced by reaction with a an alcohol or thiol of formula R 3 -J-H under basic conditions (eg NaH/DMF). The 4-fluoro group of the resulting product is substituted with diethylmalonate under basic conditions (eg NaH/DMF) followed by hydrolysis and esterification to give intermediates of Formula XLVIII. Reduction of the nitro group of followed by Sandmeyer iodination reaction of 38 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 the resulting aniline gives intermediates of Formula XLVIII. Suzuki coupling and followed by alkylation reaction to introduce R 8 then gives intermediates of general Formula XLIX. Final products having general Formula L are then prepared by optional alkylation reaction to introduce R 9 followed by standard ester hydrolysis. Enantioselective methods Scheme 9 0 O Base CO 2 H 1.SO C1 2 N R -X 0 " 00 '*'O~iR-X 2 . O 0 (XXXV) HN (XXXVI) (XXXVII) R O R N Hydrolysis

CO

2 H 002 10105 (I-I X) (XXXV111) Compounds of formulas I-IX may be prepared in an enantioselectively, this can be accomplished via resolution via chiral HPLC (CHIRALPAK-AD H (250x4.6 mm, 5pam). Mobile phase: Hexane (0.1%TFA):IPA (93:7), Flow rate 0.8 mL/min., Diluent Hexane:IPA (90:10); Column temperature 40 'C)or via asymmetric synthesis. The phenyl acetic acids of formula (XXXV) are converted into the corresponding acid chlorides, via treatment with SOCl 2 or oxalyl chloride with a catalytic amount of DMF. The reaction is performed in an inert solvent such as CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 , THF, or toluene at a temperature of 0-80 'C. The acid chloride is treated with either (R)- or (S)-4-benzyloxazolidin-2-one to (R isomer depicted-XXXXVI) give the oxazolidinone (XXXVII). The oxazolidinone () is then subjected to a base such as NaHMDs, LiHMDS, KHMDS, BuLi or KO'Bu in an inert solvent such as THF, Me-THF or Et 2 0 at a temperature of -78 to 0 'C. The 39 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 subsequent enolate is then treated with the appropriate electrophile to give the alkylated oxazolidinone (XXXVIII). The chiral auxiliary is removed under conditions such as LiOH/H 2 0 2 followed by a reductive work up with a reagent such as sodium bi-sulfite to give the desired products of formulas (I-IX). Alternatively the racemic compound of formula (1-IX) may be coupled to the Evans chiral oxazolidinone via an intermediate such as the corresponding acid chloride. Upon completion of the coupling, the reaction produces a mixture of diastereoisomers which may be seprated by methods such as flash chromatography or crystallization to give single diastereoisomers or enriched mixtures favouring one diastereoisomer over the other (see scheme 10). The auxillary may be removed as described previously. Scheme 10 R 0 R 0

CO

2 H 1.SOC12 N + N 2. (-IX) -HN (XXXVI) (XXXVIIIa) (XXXVIIIb) 3. Separate diastereoisomers Examples of enantiomers include but are not limited to; (R)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-2 cyclopentylacetic acid compound (R)-2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclobutylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid 40 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (S)-2-(6-chloro-5 -(2 ,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyipropanoic acid (R)-4-methyl-2-(5-(2,2 ,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',6-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)pentanoic acid (S)-4-methyl-2-(5 -(2 ,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',6-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)pentanoic acid (R)-2-(3-(benzo[c] [1 ,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(3-(benzo [c] [1 ,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (R)-4-methyl-2-(6-(2,2 ,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',5-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)pentanoic acid (S)-4-methyl-2-(6-(2 ,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',5-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)pentanoic acid (R)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',5-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)propanoic acid (S)-3 -cyclopropyl-2-(6-(2 ,2 ,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)propanoic acid (R)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(5 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',6-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)propanoic acid (S)-3 -cyclopropyl-2-(5-(2 ,2 ,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',6-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)propanoic acid (R)-2-(3-(benzo[c] [1 ,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(3-(benzo [c] [1 ,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(5 -chloro-6-(2,2 ,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)-3 cyclopropyipropanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-6-(2 ,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyipropanoic acid 41 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (R)-2-(3-(benzo[c] [1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (R)-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid (R)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',6-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)propanoic acid compound (S)-3-cyclopropyl-2-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',6-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)propanoic acid compound (R)-2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (R)-2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-2 cyclopentylacetic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclobutylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-2 cyclopentylacetic acid 42 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (S)-2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-2 cyclopentylacetic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclobutylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclobutylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-2 cyclopentylacetic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-2 cyclopentylacetic acid (R)-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclobutylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclobutylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid 43 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (R)-2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (R)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (R)-2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (R)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (S)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (R)-2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (S)-2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (R)-2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 44 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (S)-2-(4-(benzo [c] [1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (R)-4-methyl-2-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',6-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)pentanoic acid (S)-4-methyl-2-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4',6-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)pentanoic acid In a further aspect the compounds of the disclosure are embodied in with distinct examples listed in Tables below. R1 R2CO 2 H Formula III N1 R5 Z Table 1 R 4 Ex R1 R2 Y R4 R5 Z 100 CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 101 CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 102 CH2CF3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 103 CH2CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 104 CH2CH(CH3)2 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 105 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 106 SCH(CH3)2 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 107 OCH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 108 (CH2)2 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 109 (CH2)4 0 CH2CH3 F 4-fluorophenyl 110 CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 111 CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 112 CH2CF3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 113 CH2CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 114 CH2CH(CH3)2 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 115 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 116 SCH(CH3)2 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 117 OCH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 118 (CH2)2 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 119 (CH2)4 0 CH2CH3 F 4-chlorophenyl 120 CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 121 CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 122 CH2CF3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 123 CH2CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 45 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 124 CH2CH(CH3)2 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 125 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 126 SCH(CH3)2 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 127 OCH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 128 (CH2)2 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 129 (CH2)4 0 CH2CH3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 130 CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 131 CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 132 CH2CF3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 133 CH2CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 134 CH2CH(CH3)2 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 135 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 136 SCH(CH3)2 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 137 0CH2CH3 H 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 138 (CH2)2 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 139 (CH2)4 0 CH2CH3 F 4-methoxyphenyl Table 1 cont. 140 CH, H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 141 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 142 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 143 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 144 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 145 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 146 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 147 0CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 148 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 149 _ (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 150 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 151 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 152 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 153 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 154 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 155 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 156 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 157 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 158 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 159 _ (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 160 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 I F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 161 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 162 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 163 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 164 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 165 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]thiadiazolyl 166 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 167 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 46 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 168 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 CH, F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazoyl 169 (CH 2 ) 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 170 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 171 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 172 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 173 1CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 10 CH 2

CF

3 I F 4-fluorophenyl 174 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 175 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 176 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 177 0CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 178 (CH 2

)

2 10 1CH 2

CF

3 I F I4-fluorophenyl 179 (CH 2

)

4 0 1CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl Table 1 cont. 180 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 181 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 182 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 183 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 184 1CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 185 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 186 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 187 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 188 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 189 1 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 190 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 191 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 192 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 193 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 194 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 195 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 196 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 197 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 198 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 199 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 200 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 201 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 202 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 203 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 204 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 205 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 206 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F I4-methoxyphenyl 207 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 208 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 209 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 210 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 211 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 212 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 47 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 213 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 214 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 215 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 216 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 217 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 218 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 219 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl Table 1 cont. 220 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 221 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 222 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 223 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 224 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 225 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 226 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 227 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 228 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 229 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 230 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 231 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 232 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 233 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 234 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 235 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 236 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 237 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 238 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 239 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 240 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 241 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 242 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 243 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 244 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 245 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 246 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 247 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 248 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 249 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 250 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 251 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 252 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 253 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 254 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 255 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 256 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 257 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 48 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 258 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl 259 (CH 2 )4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-chlorophenyl Table 1 cont. 260 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 261 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 262 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 263 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 264 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 265 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 266 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 267 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 268 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 269 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 270 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 271 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 272 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 273 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 274 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 275 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 276 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 277 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 278 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 279 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 280 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 281 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 282 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 283 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 284 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 285 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 286 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 287 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 288 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 289 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 290 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 291 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 292 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 293 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 294 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 295 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 296 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 297 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 298 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 299 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 49 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 1 cont. 300 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 301 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 302 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 303 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 304 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 305 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 306 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 307 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 308 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 309 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 310 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 311 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 312 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 313 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 314 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 315 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 316 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 317 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 318 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 319 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 320 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 321 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 322 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 323 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 324 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 325 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 326 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 327 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 328 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 329 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 330 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 331 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 332 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 333 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 334 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 335 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 336 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 337 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 338 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 339 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 50 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 1 cont. 340 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 341 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 342 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 343 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 344 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 345 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 346 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 347 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 348 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 349 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 350 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 351 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 352 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 353 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 354 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 355 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 356 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 357 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 358 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 359 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 360 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 361 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 362 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 363 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 364 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 365 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 366 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 367 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 368 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 369 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 370 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 371 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 372 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 373 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 374 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 375 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 376 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 377 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 378 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 379 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 380 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 381 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 382 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 383 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 384 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 385 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 386 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 51 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 387 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 388 (CH 2

)

2 0 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 389 (CH 2

)

4 0 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl Table 1 cont. 400 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 401 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 402 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 403 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 404 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 405 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 406 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 407 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 408 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 409 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 410 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 411 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 412 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 413 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 414 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 415 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 416 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 417 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 418 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 419 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 420 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 421 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 422 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 423 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 424 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 425 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 426 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 427 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 428 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 429 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 430 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 431 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 432 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 433 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 434 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 435 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 436 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 437 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 438 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 439 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 52 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 1 cont. 440 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 441 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 442 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 443 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 444 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 445 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 446 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 447 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 448 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 449 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 450 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 451 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 452 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 453 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 454 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 455 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 456 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 457 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 458 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 459 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 460 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 461 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 462 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 463 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 464 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 465 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 466 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 467 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 468 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 469 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-fluorophenyl 470 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 471 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 472 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 473 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 474 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 475 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 476 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 477 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 478 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 479 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 53 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 1 cont. 480 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 481 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 482 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 483 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 484 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 485 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 486 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 487 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 488 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 489 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 490 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 491 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 492 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 493 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 494 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 495 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 496 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 497 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 498 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 499 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 500 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 501 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 502 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 503 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 504 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 505 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 506 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 507 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 508 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 509 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 510 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 511 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 512 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 513 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 514 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 515 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 516 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 517 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 518 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 519 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 54 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 1 cont. 520 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 521 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 522 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 523 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 524 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 525 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 526 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 527 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 528 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 529 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 530 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 531 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 532 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 533 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 534 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 535 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 536 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 537 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 538 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 539 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 540 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 541 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 542 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 543 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 544 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 545 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 546 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 547 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 548 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 549 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr N02 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 550 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 551 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 552 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 553 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 554 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 555 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 556 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 557 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 558 (CH 2

)

2 o CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 559 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr NH2 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 55 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 RR2CO 2 H R5 1 , R3 X Table 2 Formula V z EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 560 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 561 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 562 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 563 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 564 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 565 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 566 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 567 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 568 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 569 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 570 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 571 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 572 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 573 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 574 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 575 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 576 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 577 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 578 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 579 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-chlorophenyl 580 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 581 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 582 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 583 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 584 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 585 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 586 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 587 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 588 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 589 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 590 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 591 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 592 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 593 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 594 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 595 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 596 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 597 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 598 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 56 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 599 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 600 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 601 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 602 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 603 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 604 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 605 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 606 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 607 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 608 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 609 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 610 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 611 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 612 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 613 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 614 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 615 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 616 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 617 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 618 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 619 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 620 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 621 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 622 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 623 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 624 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 625 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 626 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 627 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 628 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 629 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 630 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 631 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 632 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 633 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 634 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 635 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 636 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 637 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 638 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 639 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-fluorophenyl 57 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 640 CH, H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 641 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 642 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 643 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 644 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 645 1cyclopropylmethyl H 10 CH 2

CF

3 F I4-chiorophenyl 646 SCH (CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 647 0CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 648 _ (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 649 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-chiorophenyl 650 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 651 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 652 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 653 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 654 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 655 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyipheny 656 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 657 CH 2

H

3 0 H 2

C

3 F -trfluromthypheyl 658 OCHCH H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyP ] 659 (CH 2 )2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 660 _ H HC2) 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-trfmeth ylphenyl 661 CH 2

C

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 662 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 663 CH 2

CH

2 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 664 CH 2 CH2CH 3 ) H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 665 _cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 666 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 667 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 668 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 669 _ (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 4-methoxyphenyl 670 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 671 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 672 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 673 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 674 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 675 _cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 676 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 677 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 678 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 679 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 58 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 680 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 681 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 682 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]oxadiazolyl 683 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoy 684 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoy 685 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c[1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 686 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c[1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 687 0CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 688 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c[1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 689 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]oxadiazolyl 690 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazoy 691 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 692 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 1CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]thiadiazolyl 693 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazoy 694 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 695 _cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]thiadiazolyl 696 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazoy 697 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazoy 698 _ (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]thiadiazolyl 699 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]thiadiazoy 700 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 701 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 1-loopey 702 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 703 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 704 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 705 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 706 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 707 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 708 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 709 _ (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-fluorophenyl 710 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 711 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 712 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 713 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 714 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 715 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 716 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 717 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 718 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -C-Pr F I4-chiorophenyl 719 (CH 2

)

4 T 0 -1CH 2 -C-Pr F 4-chiorophenyl 59 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 720 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 721 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 722 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 723 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 724 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 725 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 726 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 727 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 728 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 729 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 730 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 731 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 732 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 733 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 734 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 735 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 736 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 737 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 738 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 739 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 4-methoxyphenyl 740 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 741 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 742 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 743 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 744 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 745 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 746 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 747 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 748 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 749 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 3,4 dichloro phenyl 750 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 751 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 752 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 753 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 754 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 755 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 756 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 757 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 758 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 759 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 60 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 760 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 761 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 762 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 763 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 764 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 765 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 766 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 767 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 768 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 769 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 770 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 771 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 772 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 773 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 774 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 775 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 776 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 777 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 778 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 779 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 780 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 781 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 782 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 783 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 784 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 785 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 786 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 787 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 788 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 789 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-chlorophenyl 790 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 791 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 792 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 793 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 794 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 795 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 796 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 797 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 798 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 799 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 61 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 800 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 801 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 802 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 803 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 804 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 805 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 806 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 807 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 808 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 809 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 4-methoxyphenyl 810 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 811 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 812 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 813 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 814 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 815 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 816 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 817 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 818 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 819 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 820 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 821 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 822 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 823 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 824 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 825 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 826 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 827 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 828 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 829 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 830 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 831 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 832 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 833 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 834 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 835 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 836 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 837 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 838 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 839 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 62 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 840 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 841 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 842 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 843 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI I-loopey 844 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 845 _cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 846 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 847 0CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-fluorophenyl 848 _ (CH 2

)

2 0 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-fluorophenyl 849 _ (CH 2

)

4 0 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-fluorophenyl 850 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 851 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 852 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 853 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 854 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 855 _cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 856 1SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 857 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 858 _ (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 859 _ (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-chiorophenyl 860 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 861 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 862 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 863 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 864 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 865 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 866 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 867 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 868 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethyiphenyl 869 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 870 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 871 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4mtoyhnyl 872 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 873 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 874 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 875 _cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 876 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 877 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 878 _ (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 879 _ (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-methoxyphenyl 63 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 880 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 881 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 882 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 883 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 884 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 885 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 886 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 887 0CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 888 _ (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 3,4 dichloro phenyl 889 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 3,4 dichloro phenyl 890 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 891 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c[1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 892 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c[1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 893 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoy 894 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c[1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 895 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c[1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 896 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 897 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 898 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-ez~]1 25]oxadiazolyl 899 _ (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]oxadiazoy 900 CH 3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 901 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][12,5]thiadiazolyl 902 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazoy 903 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazoy 904 _CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 905 _cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1 ,2 5]thiadiazolyl 906 _SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]thiadiazoy 907 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 908 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]thiadiazolyl 909 - (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1 ,2,5]thiadiazoy 910 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 911 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 912 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 913 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 914 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 915 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 916 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 917 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 918 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 919 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -C-Pr Cl 4-fluorophenyl 64 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 920 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 921 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 922 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 923 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 924 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 925 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 926 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 927 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 928 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 929 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-chlorophenyl 930 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 931 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 932 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 933 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 934 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 935 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 936 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 937 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 938 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 939 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 940 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 941 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 942 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 943 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 944 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 945 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 946 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 947 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 948 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 949 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-methoxyphenyl 950 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 951 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 952 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 953 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 954 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 955 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 956 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 957 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 958 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 959 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 3,4 dichloro phenyl 65 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 2 cont. Formula V EX R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 960 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 961 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 962 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 963 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 964 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 965 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 966 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 967 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 968 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 969 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazolyl 970 CH 3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 971 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 972 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 973 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 974 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 975 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 976 SCH(CH 3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 977 OCH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 978 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl 979 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazolyl R1R2CO 2 H

Y

R4 Formula III Table 3 Compounds of Formula III Ex R1 R2 Y R4 R5 Z 980 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 981 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 982 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 983 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 984 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 985 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 986 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 987 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 66 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 988 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 989 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 990 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 991 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 992 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 993 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 994 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 995 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 996 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 997 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 998 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 999 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1000 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1001 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1002 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1003 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1004 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1005 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1006 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1007 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1008 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1009 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1010 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1011 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1012 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1013 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1014 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1015 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1016 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1017 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1018 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1019 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1020 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1021 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1022 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1023 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1024 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1025 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1026 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1027 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 67 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1028 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1029 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1030 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1031 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1032 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1033 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1034 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1035 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1036 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1037 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1038 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1039 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1040 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1041 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1042 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1043 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1044 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1045 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1046 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1047 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1048 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1049 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1050 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1051 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1052 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1053 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1054 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1055 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1056 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1057 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1058 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1059 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1060 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1061 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1062 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1063 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1064 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1065 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1066 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1067 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1068 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 68 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1069 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1070 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1071 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1072 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1073 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1074 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1075 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1076 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1077 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1078 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1079 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1080 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1081 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1082 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1083 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1084 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1085 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1086 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1087 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1088 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1089 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1090 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1091 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1092 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1093 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1094 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1095 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1096 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1097 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1098 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1099 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1100 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1101 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1102 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1103 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1104 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1105 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1106 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1107 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1108 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1109 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 69 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1110 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1111 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1112 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1113 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1114 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1115 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1116 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1117 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1118 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1119 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1120 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1121 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1122 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1123 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1124 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1125 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1126 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1127 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1128 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1129 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1130 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1131 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1132 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1133 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1134 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1135 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1136 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1137 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1138 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1139 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1140 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1141 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1142 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1143 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1144 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1145 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1146 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1147 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1148 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 70 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1149 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1150 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1151 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1152 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1153 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1154 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1155 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1156 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1157 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1158 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1159 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1160 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1161 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1162 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1163 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1164 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1165 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1166 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1167 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1168 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1169 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1170 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1171 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1172 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1173 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1174 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1175 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1176 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1177 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1178 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1179 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1180 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenvl 1181 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1182 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1183 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1184 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1185 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1186 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1187 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 1188 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1189 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 71 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1190 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1191 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1192 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1193 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1194 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1195 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1196 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1197 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1198 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1199 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1200 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1201 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1202 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1203 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1204 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1205 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1206 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1207 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1208 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1209 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1210 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1211 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1212 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1213 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1214 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1215 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1216 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1217 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1218 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1219 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1220 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1221 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1222 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1223 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1224 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1225 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1226 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1227 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1228 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1229 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1230 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 72 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1231 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1232 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1233 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1234 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1235 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1236 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1237 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1238 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1239 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1240 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1241 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1242 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1243 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1244 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1245 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1246 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1247 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1248 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1249 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1250 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1251 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1252 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1253 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1254 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1255 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1256 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1257 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1258 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1259 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1260 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1261 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1262 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1263 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1264 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1265 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1266 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1267 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 73 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 R1 R2CO 2 H R5: Z Y-1 R4 Formula III Table 4 Compounds of Formula III Ex R1 R2 Y R4 R5 Z 1268 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1269 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1270 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1271 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1272 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1273 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1274 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1275 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1276 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1277 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1278 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1279 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1280 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1281 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1282 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1283 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1284 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 1285 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1286 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1287 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1288 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1289 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1290 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1291 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1292 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1293 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1294 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 1295 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-ethyl phenyl 74 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1296 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1297 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1298 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1299 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1300 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1301 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1302 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1303 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1304 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1305 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1306 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1307 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1308 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1309 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1310 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1311 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1312 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1313 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1314 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1315 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1316 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1317 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1318 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1319 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1320 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1321 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1322 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1323 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1324 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1325 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1326 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1327 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1328 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1329 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1330 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1331 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1332 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1333 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1334 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1335 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 75 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1336 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1337 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1338 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1339 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1340 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1341 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1342 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1343 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1344 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1345 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1346 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1347 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1348 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1349 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1350 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1351 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1352 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1353 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1354 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1355 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1356 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1357 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1358 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1359 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1360 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1361 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1362 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1363 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1364 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1365 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1366 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1367 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1368 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1369 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1370 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1371 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1372 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1373 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1374 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1375 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 76 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1376 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1377 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1378 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1379 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1380 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-thiomethylphenvl 1381 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1382 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1383 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1384 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1385 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1386 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1387 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1388 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1389 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1390 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1391 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1392 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1393 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1394 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1395 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 1396 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1397 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1398 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1399 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1400 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1401 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1402 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1403 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1404 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1405 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1406 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1407 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1408 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1409 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1410 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1411 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1412 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1413 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1414 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1415 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 77 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1416 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1417 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1418 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1419 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1420 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1421 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1422 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1423 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1424 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1425 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1426 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1427 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1428 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1429 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1430 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1431 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1432 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1433 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1434 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1435 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1436 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1437 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1438 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1439 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1440 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1441 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1442 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1443 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1444 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1445 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1446 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1447 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1448 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1449 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1450 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1451 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1452 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1453 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1454 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1455 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1456 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 78 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1457 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1458 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1459 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1460 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1461 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1462 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1463 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1464 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1465 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1466 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1467 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1468 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1469 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1470 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1471 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1472 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1473 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1474 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1475 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1476 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1477 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1478 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1479 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1480 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1481 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1482 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1483 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1484 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1485 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1486 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1487 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1488 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1489 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1490 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1491 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1492 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1493 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1494 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1495 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1496 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 79 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1497 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1498 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1499 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1500 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1501 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1502 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1503 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1504 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1505 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1506 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1507 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1508 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1509 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1510 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1511 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1512 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1513 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1514 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1515 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1516 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1517 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1518 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1519 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1520 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1521 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1522 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1523 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1524 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1525 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1526 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1527 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1528 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1529 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1530 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1531 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1532 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1533 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1534 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1535 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1536 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 80 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1537 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1538 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1539 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1540 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl

R

1 R2CO2H - R 3 z Formula IV Table 5 Compounds of Formula IV Ex R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 1541 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1542 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1543 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1544 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1545 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1546 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1547 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1548 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1549 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1550 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1551 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1552 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1553 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1554 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1555 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1556 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1557 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1558 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1559 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1560 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1561 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1562 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1563 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1564 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 1565 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1566 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 81 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1567 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1568 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1569 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1570 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1571 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1572 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1573 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1574 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1575 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1576 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1577 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1578 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1579 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1580 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1581 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1582 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1583 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1584 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1585 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1586 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1587 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1588 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1589 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1590 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1591 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1592 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1593 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1594 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1595 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1596 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1597 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1598 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenvl 1599 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1600 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1601 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 1602 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1603 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1604 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1605 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 1606 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1607 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 82 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1608 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1609 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1610 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1611 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1612 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1613 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1614 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1615 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1616 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1617 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1618 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1619 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1620 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1621 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1622 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1623 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1624 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1625 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1626 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1627 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1628 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1629 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1630 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1631 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1632 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1633 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1634 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1635 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1636 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 1637 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1638 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1639 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1640 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1641 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1642 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1643 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1644 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1645 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1646 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1647 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 1648 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 83 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1649 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1650 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1651 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1652 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1653 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1654 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1655 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1656 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1657 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1658 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1659 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1660 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1661 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1662 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1663 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenvl 1664 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1665 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1666 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1667 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenvl 1668 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1669 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1670 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1671 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1672 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1673 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1674 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 1675 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1676 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1677 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1678 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1679 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1680 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1681 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1682 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1683 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1684 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1685 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1686 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1687 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 84 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1688 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1689 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1690 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1691 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1692 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1693 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1694 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1695 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1696 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1697 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1698 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1699 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1700 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1701 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1702 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1703 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1704 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1705 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1706 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1707 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1708 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1709 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1710 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1711 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1712 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1713 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1714 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1715 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1716 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1717 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1718 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1719 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1720 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1721 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1722 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1723 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1724 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1725 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1726 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1727 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1728 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 85 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1729 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1730 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1731 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1732 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1733 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1734 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1735 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1736 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenvl 1737 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1738 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1739 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1740 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1741 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1742 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1743 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1744 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1745 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1746 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1747 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1748 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1749 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1750 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1751 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1752 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 1753 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1754 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1755 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1756 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1757 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1758 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1759 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1760 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1761 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1762 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1763 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1764 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1765 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1766 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1767 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1768 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 86 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1769 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1770 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1771 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1772 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1773 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1774 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1775 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1776 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1777 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1778 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1779 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1780 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1781 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1782 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1783 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1784 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1785 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1786 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1787 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1788 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1789 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1790 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1791 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1792 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1793 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1794 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1795 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1796 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1797 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1798 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1799 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1800 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1801 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1802 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1803 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1804 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 1805 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1806 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1807 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1808 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1809 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 87 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1810 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1811 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1812 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1813 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1814 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1815 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1816 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 1817 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1818 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1819 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1820 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1821 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1822 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1823 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1824 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1825 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1826 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1827 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1828 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl

R

1 R2Co2H R5I X'R3 z Formula IV Table 6 Compounds of Formula IV Ex R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 1829 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1830 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1831 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1832 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1833 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1834 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1835 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1836 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1837 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1838 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1839 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1840 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 88 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1841 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1842 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1843 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1844 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1845 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1846 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1847 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1848 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1849 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1850 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1851 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1852 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 1853 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1854 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1855 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1856 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1857 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1858 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1859 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1860 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1861 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1862 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1863 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1864 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1865 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1866 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1867 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1868 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1869 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1870 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1871 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1872 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1873 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1874 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1875 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1876 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1877 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1878 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1879 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1880 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 89 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1881 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1882 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1883 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1884 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1885 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1886 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1887 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1888 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 1889 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1890 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1891 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1892 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1893 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1894 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1895 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1896 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1897 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1898 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1899 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1900 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1901 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1902 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1903 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1904 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1905 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1906 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1907 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1908 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1909 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1910 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1911 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1912 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1913 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1914 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1915 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1916 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1917 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1918 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1919 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1920 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1921 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 90 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1922 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1923 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1924 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-tolyl 1925 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1926 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1927 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1928 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1929 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1930 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1931 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1932 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1933 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1934 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1935 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1936 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 1937 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1938 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1939 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1940 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1941 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1942 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1943 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1944 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1945 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1946 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1947 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1948 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 1949 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1950 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1951 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1952 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1953 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1954 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1955 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1956 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1957 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1958 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1959 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 1960 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenl 1961 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 91 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1962 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1963 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1964 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1965 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1966 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1967 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1968 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1969 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1970 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1971 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1972 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 1973 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1974 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1975 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1976 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1977 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1978 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1979 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1980 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1981 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1982 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1983 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1984 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 1985 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1986 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1987 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1988 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1989 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1990 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1991 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1992 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1993 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1994 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1995 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1996 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 1997 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1998 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 1999 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2000 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2001 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 92 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2002 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2003 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2004 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2005 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2006 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2007 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2008 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2009 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2010 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2011 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2012 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2013 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2014 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2015 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2016 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2017 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2018 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2019 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2020 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2031 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2032 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2033 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2034 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2035 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2036 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2037 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2038 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenvl 2039 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2040 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2041 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2042 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2043 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2044 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2045 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2046 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2047 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2048 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2049 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2050 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2051 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2052 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 93 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2053 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2054 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2055 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2056 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2057 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2058 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2059 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2060 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2061 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2062 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2063 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2064 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2065 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2066 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2067 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2068 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2069 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2070 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2071 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2072 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2073 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2074 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2075 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2076 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2077 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2078 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2079 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2080 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2081 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2082 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2083 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2084 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2085 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2086 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2087 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2088 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2089 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2090 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2091 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2092 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 94 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2093 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2094 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2095 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2096 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2097 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2098 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2099 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2100 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2101 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2102 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2103 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2104 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2105 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2106 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2107 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2108 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2109 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2110 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2111 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2112 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2113 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2114 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2115 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2116 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2117 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2118 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2119 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2120 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2121 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2122 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2123 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2124 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2125 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2126 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 95 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 R CO 2 H R41 / Z R5 Formula VII Table 7 Compounds of Formula VII Ex R1 R2 Y R4 R5 Z 2127 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2128 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2129 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2130 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2131 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2132 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2133 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2134 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2135 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2136 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2137 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2138 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2139 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2140 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2141 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2142 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2143 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2144 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2145 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2146 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2147 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2148 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2149 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2150 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-tolyl 2151 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2152 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2153 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2154 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2155 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2156 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2157 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 96 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2158 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2159 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2160 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2161 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2162 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2163 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2164 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2165 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2166 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2167 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2168 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2169 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2170 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2171 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2172 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2173 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2174 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2175 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2176 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenvl 2177 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2178 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2179 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2180 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2181 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2182 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2183 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2184 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenvl 2185 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2186 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2187 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2188 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2189 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2190 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2191 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2192 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2193 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2194 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2195 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2196 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2197 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2198 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 97 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2199 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2200 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2201 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2202 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2203 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2204 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2205 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2206 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2207 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2208 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2209 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2210 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2211 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2212 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2213 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2214 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2215 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2216 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2217 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2218 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2219 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2220 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2221 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2222 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-tolyl 2223 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2224 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2225 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2226 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2227 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2228 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2229 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2230 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2231 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2232 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2233 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2234 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-ethyl phenyl 2235 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2236 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2237 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2238 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 98 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2239 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2240 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2241 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2242 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2243 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2244 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2245 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2246 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2247 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2248 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2249 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2250 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2251 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2252 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2253 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2254 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2255 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2256 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2257 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2258 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2259 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2260 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2261 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2262 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2263 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2264 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2265 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2266 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2267 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2268 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2269 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2270 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2271 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2272 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2273 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2274 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2275 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2276 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2277 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2278 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 99 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2279 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2280 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2281 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2282 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2283 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2284 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2285 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2286 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2287 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2288 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2289 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2290 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2291 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2292 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2293 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2294 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2295 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2296 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2297 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2298 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2299 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2300 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2301 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2302 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2303 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2304 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2305 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2306 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2307 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2308 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2309 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2310 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2311 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2312 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2313 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2314 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2315 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2316 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2317 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2318 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 100 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2319 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2320 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2321 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2322 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2323 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2324 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2325 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2326 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2327 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2328 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2329 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2330 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2331 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2332 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2333 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2334 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2335 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2336 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2337 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2338 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2339 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2340 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2341 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2342 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2343 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2344 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2345 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2346 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2347 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2348 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2349 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2350 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2351 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2352 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2353 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2354 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2355 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2356 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2357 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2358 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2359 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 101 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2360 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2361 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2362 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2363 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2364 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2365 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2366 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2367 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2368 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2369 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2370 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2371 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2372 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2373 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2374 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2375 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2376 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2377 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2378 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2379 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2380 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2381 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2382 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2383 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2384 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2385 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2386 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2387 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2388 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2389 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2390 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2391 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2392 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2393 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2394 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2395 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2396 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2397 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2398 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2399 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2400 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 102 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2401 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2402 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2403 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2404 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2405 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2406 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2407 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2408 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2409 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2410 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2411 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2412 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2413 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2414 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl R1 R2 CO 2 H R 4 -. y I Y Z R5 Formula VII Table 8 Compounds of Formula VII Ex R1 R2 Y R4 R5 Z 2415 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2416 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2417 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2418 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2419 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2420 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2421 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2422 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2423 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2424 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2425 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2426 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2427 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 2428 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-tolyl 103 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2429 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2430 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2431 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2432 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2433 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2434 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2435 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2436 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2437 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2438 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-tolyl 2439 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2440 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2441 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2442 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2443 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2444 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2445 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2446 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2447 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2448 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2449 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2450 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2451 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2452 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2453 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2454 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2455 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2456 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2457 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2458 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2459 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2460 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2461 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2462 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2463 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenvl 2464 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2465 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2466 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2467 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2468 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2469 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 104 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2470 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 2471 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 2472 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 2473 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenyl 2474 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-thiomethylphenvl 2475 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2476 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2477 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 2478 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2479 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2480 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2481 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2482 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2483 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2484 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2485 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 2486 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2487 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2488 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2489 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2490 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2491 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2492 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2493 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2494 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2495 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2496 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2497 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2498 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2499 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2500 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2501 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2502 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2503 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2504 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2505 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2506 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2507 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2508 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2509 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 2510 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 4-tolyl 105 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2511 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2512 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2513 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2514 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2515 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2516 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2517 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2518 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2519 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2520 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2521 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2522 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-ethyl phenyl 2523 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2524 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2525 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2526 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2527 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2528 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2529 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2530 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2531 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2532 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2533 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2534 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-isopropyl phenyl 2535 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2536 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenvl 2537 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2538 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2539 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2540 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2541 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2542 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2543 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2544 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2545 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2546 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-thiomethylphenyl 2547 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2548 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2549 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2550 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 106 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2551 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2552 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2553 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2554 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2555 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2556 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2557 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2558 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2559 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2560 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2561 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2562 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2563 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2564 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2565 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2566 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2567 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2568 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2569 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2570 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2571 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2572 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2573 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2574 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2575 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2576 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2577 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2578 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2579 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2580 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2581 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2582 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2583 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2584 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2585 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2586 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2587 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2588 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2589 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2590 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 107 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2591 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2592 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2593 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2594 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2595 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2596 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2597 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2598 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2599 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2600 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2601 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2602 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2603 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2604 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2605 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2606 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2607 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2608 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2609 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2610 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2611 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2612 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2613 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2614 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenvl 2615 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2616 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2617 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2618 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2619 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2620 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2621 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 2622 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2623 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2624 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2625 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenvl 2626 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2627 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2628 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2629 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2630 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

OCH

2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 108 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2632 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2633 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2634 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2635 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2636 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2637 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2638 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2639 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2640 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2641 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2642 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2643 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2644 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2645 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2646 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2647 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2648 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2649 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2650 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2651 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2652 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2653 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2654 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2655 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-tolyl 2656 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2657 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2658 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2659 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2660 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2661 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2662 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2663 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2664 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2665 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2666 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2667 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-ethyl phenyl 2668 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2669 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2670 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2671 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2672 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 109 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2673 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2674 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2675 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2676 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2677 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2678 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2679 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-isopropyl phenyl 2680 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2681 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2682 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2683 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2684 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2685 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2686 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2687 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2688 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2689 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2690 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2691 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-thiomethylphenyl 2692 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2693 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2694 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2695 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2696 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2697 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2698 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2699 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2700 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2701 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl 2702 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxypheny 2703 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr OCH 2

CF

3 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl RR2CO 2 H R5 Z Y-1 R4 Formula III Table 9 Compounds of Formula III 110 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Ex R1 R2 Y R4 R5 Z 2704 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2705 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2706 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2707 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2708 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2709 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2710 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2711 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2712 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2713 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2714 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 2715 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CH

2

CF

3 CI 4-trifluoromethylphenyl R1 R2CO 2 H R5 Z Ys1 R4 Formula III Table 10 Compounds of Formula III Ex R1 R2 Y R4 R5 Z 2716 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2717 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2718 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2719 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2720 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2721 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2722 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2723 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2724 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2725 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2726 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2727 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2733 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2735 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2737 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2738 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2739 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 111 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2745 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2747 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2749 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2750 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2751 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2752 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2753 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2754 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2755 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2756 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2757 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2758 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2759 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2760 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2761 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2762 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2763 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2769 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2771 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2773 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2774 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2775 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2781 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2783 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2785 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2786 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2787 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2788 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2789 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2790 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2791 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2792 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2793 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2794 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2795 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2796 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2797 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2798 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2799 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 112 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2805 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2807 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2809 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2810 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2811 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2817 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2819 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2821 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2822 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2823 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2824 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2825 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2826 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2827 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2828 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2829 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2830 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2831 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2832 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2833 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2834 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2835 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2841 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2843 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2845 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2846 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2847 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2853 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2855 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2857 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2858 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2859 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 113 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

R

1 R2CO2H R5 , XR 3 z Formula IV Table 11 Compounds of Formula IV Ex R1 R2 X R3 R5 Z 2860 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2861 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2862 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2863 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2864 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2865 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2866 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2867 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2868 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2869 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2870 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2871 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2872 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2873 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2874 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2875 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2876 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2877 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2878 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2879 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2880 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2881 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2882 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2883 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2884 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2885 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2886 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2887 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2888 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2889 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2890 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 114 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2891 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2892 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2893 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2894 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2895 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2896 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2897 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2898 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2899 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2900 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2901 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2902 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2903 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2904 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2905 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2906 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2907 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2908 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2909 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2910 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2911 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2912 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2913 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2914 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2915 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2916 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2917 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2918 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2919 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2920 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2921 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2922 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2923 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2924 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2925 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2926 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2927 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2928 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2929 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2930 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2931 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 115 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2932 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2933 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2934 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2935 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2936 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2937 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2938 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2939 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2940 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2941 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2942 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2943 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2944 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2945 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2946 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2947 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2948 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2949 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2950 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2951 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2952 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2953 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2954 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2955 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2956 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2957 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2958 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2959 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2960 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2961 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2962 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2963 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2964 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2965 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2966 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2967 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 2968 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2969 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2970 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2971 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 116 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2972 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2973 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2974 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2975 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2976 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2977 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2978 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2979 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2980 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2981 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2982 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2983 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2984 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2985 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2986 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2987 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2988 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2989 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2990 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2991 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2992 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2993 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2994 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2995 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2996 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2997 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2998 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 2999 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3000 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3001 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3002 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3003 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 117 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 R CO 2 H

R

4 / Z R5 Formula VII Table 12 Compounds of Formula VII Ex R1 R2 Y R4 R5 Z 3004 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3005 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3006 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3007 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3008 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3009 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3010 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3011 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3012 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3013 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3014 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3015 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3016 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3017 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3018 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3019 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3020 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3021 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3022 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3023 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3024 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3025 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3026 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3027 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3028 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3029 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3030 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3031 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3032 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3033 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 118 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 3034 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3035 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3036 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3037 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3038 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3039 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3040 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3041 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3042 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3043 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3044 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3045 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3046 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3047 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3048 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3049 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3050 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3051 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3

CF

3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3052 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3053 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3054 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3055 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3056 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3057 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3058 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3059 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3060 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3061 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3062 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3063 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3064 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3065 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3066 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3067 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3068 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3069 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3070 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3071 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3072 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3073 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3074 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2

CF

3 Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 119 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 3075 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2

CF

3 CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3076 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3077 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3078 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3079 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3080 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3081 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3082 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3083 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3084 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3085 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3086 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3087 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3088 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3089 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3090 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3091 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3092 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3093 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3094 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3095 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3096 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3097 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3098 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3099 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3100 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3101 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3102 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3103 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3104 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3105 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3106 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3107 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3108 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3109 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3110 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3111 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr Cl 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 3112 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3113 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3114 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 120 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 3115 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3116 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3117 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3118 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3119 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3120 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3121 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3122 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3123 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CF 3 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3124 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3125 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3126 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3127 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3128 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3129 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3130 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3131 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3132 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3133 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3134 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3135 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr F 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3136 CH 2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3137 CH 2

CF

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3138 CH 2

CH

2

CH

3 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3139 CH 2

CH(CH

3

)

2 H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3140 cyclopropylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3141 cyclobutylmethyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3142 (CH 2

)

2 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3143 (CH 2

)

3 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3144 (CH 2

)

4 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3145 (CH 2

)

5 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3146 5,5-spiro[2.3]hexane 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole 3147 Cyclopentyl H 0 CH 2 -c-Pr CI 5-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Experimental Procedures: Example 534: 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-nitro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 121 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH 0 2 N O O / CF 3 Step-1: 2-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate COOEt Br OH To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate E-9 (15g, 63.55 mmol) in 100 ml of glacial acetic acid at 0 0 C, slowly added bromine (20.26g, 64.14 mol) and stirred at same temperature for 2.5 h. After completion the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into water and neutralized with saturated sodium carbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (300ml x 3).The organic layer was washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine. The organic layer was then distilled off to yield product ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate. Yield: (16g , 80%). 'H NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 7.20 (m 2H), 6.80 (d, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (bs,1H),4.15 (q, 2H), 3.60 (t, 1H),1.95-2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.20(t,3H), 1.00 (m,6H).Mass: (315, M+1,100%). Step-2: 2-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 122 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 COOEt 0 2 N Br OH Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (16g) was taken in acetic acid (100ml) and to it added drop wise 70% nitric acid (10ml) below 15 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h. After completion of the reaction; it was poured into 300 ml of ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (300ml x 3). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with bicarbonate solution, water and finally brine solution. The organic layer was then distilled off and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography using Ethyl acetate: hexane (2:3) as eluent provided 12 g of 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5 nitrophenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid. The acid was taken in 50 ml of absolute ethanol and 2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and refluxed for 1 h .The ethanol layer was distilled off, washed it with water and dried gave 13 g of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5 nitrophenyl)-4-methylpentanoate intermediate. IH NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 8.20 (s 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 4.90 (bs,1H),4.15 (q, 2H), 3.60 (t, 1H),1.95-2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45 1.50(m,1H), 1.20(t,3H), 1.00 (m,6H).Mass: (360, M+1,100%). Step 3 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-nitrophenyl)-4-methylpentanoate COOEt 0 2 N Br 0 A solution of ethyl 2-(3 -bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (4.1g, 11.26mmol) was taken in 50 ml of DMSO and to it added Cs 2

CO

3 (3.02g, 12.39mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and then added 123 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 cyclopropylmethyl bromide (1.67g, 12.39mmol) dropwise. After completion of addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 70 0 C for 4h. After completion of the reaction, it was poured into water (200ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100ml x 3). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with IN HCl, water and finally brine solution. The organic layer was then distilled off and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography using Ethyl acetate: hexane (1:3) as eluent provided 3g of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-nitrophenyl)-4-methylpentanoate. IH NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 8.20 (s 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 3.45(d,2H),1.95-2.00(m,1H), 1.75 1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.20(t,3H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H)..Mass: (414, M+1,100%). Step 4 Ethyl 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-nitro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate COOEt 0 2 N 0,

CF

3 To a solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-nitrophenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (2g, 4.83mmol) in 30 ml of DMF/Water (25:5 ml) was added Pd(PPh 3

)

4 (558mg, 0.483mmol), Cs 2

CO

3 (5.5g, 16.9mmol) and 4-CF3-PhB(OH) 2 (1.01g, 5.31 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 90 0 C for 12 h. After completion of the reaction, it was poured into water (100ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100ml x 3). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with IN HCl, water and finally brine solution. The organic layer was then distilled off and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography using Ethyl acetate: hexane (2:3) as eluent provided 1.3g of ethyl 2-(6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-nitro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)-4-methylpentanoate. IH NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 8.20 (s 1H), 7.40-7.20 (in, 5H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 124 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 3.45(d,2H),1.95-2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.20(t,3H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H)..Mass: (480, M+1,100%). Step 5 2-(6-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-nitro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid COOH 0 2 N 0,

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5 -nitro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (100mg, 0.208mmol) was taken in a mixture of MeOH; THF: Water (30ml, 10:10:2) and to it added LiOH (30mg, 0.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion of the reaction, it was poured into water (50ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100ml x2). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with IN HCl, water and finally brine solution. The organic layer was then distilled off and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography using Ethyl acetate: hexane (1:1) as eluent provided 70mg of 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-nitro-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid. 'H NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 8.20 (s 1H), 7.40-7.20 (in, 5H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 3.45(d, 2H), 1.95-2.00(m, 1H), 1.75-1.80(m, 1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H).Mass: (452, M+1,100%). Example 554: 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-amino-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 125 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH

H

2 N O

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-amino-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate COOEt

H

2 N

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5 -nitro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (300mg, 0.626mmo) was taken in 30ml of Toluene: Water (1:1) and to it added Fe powder (203mg, 3.62mmol), Ammonium formate (228mg, 3.62mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 h and then filtered through celite. The toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography using Ethyl acetate: hexane (2:3) as eluent provided 220mg of ethyl 2 (5-amino-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)-4 methylpentanoate. IH NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 7.40-7.20 (in, 5H), 6.90(s 1H), 4.50 (bs,2H),4.15 (q, 2H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 3.45(d,2H),1.95-2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.20(t,3H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H)..Mass: (450, M+1,100%). 126 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 3 2-(5-Amino-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid COOH

H

2 N

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-amino-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate. (120mg, 0.267mmol) was taken in a mixture of MeOH; THF: Water (30ml, 10:10:2) and to it added LiOH (30mg, 0.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion of the reaction, it was poured into water (50ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100ml x2). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with IN HCl, water and finally brine solution. The organic layer was then distilled off and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography using Ethyl acetate: hexane (1:1) as eluent provided 80mg of 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-amino-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 2-(5-amino-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid. 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 7.40-7.20 (in, 5H), 7.00(s,1H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 3.45(d, 2H), 1.95-2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H).Mass: (422, M+1,100%). Example 484: 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-chloro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 127 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH CI N.

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-chloro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate 0 OR OEt C1 o

CF

3 2-(6-Cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-amino-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (150mg, 0.33mmol) was taken up in 1Oml of 6N HCl and a solution of sodium nitrite (30mg, 0.40mmol, 5ml in water) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at at 0 0 C and then poured into a saturated solution of copper (II) chloride in water (25ml) The reaction mixture was then heated at 70 0 C for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue obtained was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate: hexane (2:3) as eluent to yield 120mg of ethyl 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-chloro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate. IH NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 7.60-7.45 (in, 5H), 7.20(s 1H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 3.45(d,2H),1.95-2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.20(t,3H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H)..Mass: (470, M+1,100%). Step 2 128 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2-(6-Cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-chloro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)bipheny-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH CI 0 O

/CF

3 The ethyl 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-chloro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate above (120mg, 0.207mmol) was taken up in a mixture of MeOH; THF: Water (30ml, 10:10:2) and LiOH (42mg, 0.7 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion of the reaction, it was poured into water (50ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100ml). The combined extracts were washed with IN HCl, water and finally brine solution. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue obtained was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate: hexane (1:1) as eluent to yield 105mg of 2 (6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-chloro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid product. IH NMR (CDC 3 ): 6 7.65-7.40 (in, 5H), 7.20(s,1H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 3.45(d, 2H), 1.95 2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H).Mass: (442, M+1,100%). HPLC Purity (99%). Example 264: 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH F 0 O /

CF

3 129 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-amino-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate 0 OR OQEt F

CF

3 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-amino-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (200mg, 0.53mmol) was taken up in 5ml of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and a solution of BF3 etherate (1.5M, 5ml) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 0 C and t-butyl nitrite (1.5M, 3ml) was added in a dropwise manner. The reaction mixture was then heated at 1 00 0 C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue obtained was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate: hexane (2:3) as eluent to provid 120mg of ethyl 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-amino-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate. IH NMR (CDCl 3 ): 6 7.60-7.35 (in, 5H), 7.20(s 1H), 4.15 (q, 2H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 3.45(d,2H),1.95-2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.20(t,3H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H)..Mass: (453, M+1,100%). Step 2 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 130 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH F 0 O /

CF

3 The above ethyl 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-amino-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (120mg, 0.267mmol) was taken up in MeOH; THF: Water (20ml, 10:10:2) and LiOH (42mg, 0.7 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the reaction was poured into water (50ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 1 00ml). The combined ethyl acetate layers were washed with IN HCl, water and finally brine solution. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue obtained was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate: hexane (1:1) as eluent to yield 85mg of 2-(6 cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-fluoro-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid product. IH NMR (CDC 3 ): 6 7.55-7.30 (in, 5H), 7.10(s,1H), 3.60 (t, 1H), 3.45(d, 2H), 1.95 2.00(m,1H), 1.75-1.80(m,1H), 1.45-1.50(m,1H), 1.00 (m,6H), 0.35-0.25 (m,5H).Mass: (425, M+1,100%). HPLC Purity (97%). Example 724: 2-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-5-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methyl-pentanoic acid. C0 2 H F

O"

CF

3 131 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 1 Diethyl 2-(2,5-difluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-isobutylmalonate 0 O EtO OEt F C F

NO

2 2-Isobutylmalonic acid diethyl ester (40.0g, 0.185 mol) in DMF (50mL) was added dropwise to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 8.0g, 0.33 mol) in 200 mL DMF (200mL) over 20 min. at 0 0 C under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at room temperature, cooled to 00 C and 1,2,4-trifluoro-5-nitro-benzene (30.0g, 169.5 mmol) in DMF (150mL) was added dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16h, poured into ice water (200mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3x100mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (3x100iL), brine (100mL) and dried (MgSO 4 ). Evaporation of solvent under reduced pressure gave a brown oil which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (Heptane-EtOAc, gradient) to give 57.0 g (90%) of 2-(2,5 difluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-isobutylmalonic acid diethyl ester as yellow oil. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.87 (dd, J= 12.3, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J= 10.1, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.18 (in, 4H), 2.27 (d, J= 5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.60-1.50 (in, 1H), 1.26 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 6H), 0.82 (d, J= 7.0 Hz, 6H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 168.2, 155.1 (d, 'JCF = 252.3 Hz), 150.9 (d, IJCF = 263.2 Hz), 135.7, 135.1, 120.0 (dd, 2JCF = 26.0, JCF = 4.0 Hz), 113.0 (d, 2 JCF = 29.0 Hz), 62.3, 43.1, 24.9, 23.8, 13.8. Step 2 2-(2,5-Difluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid 132 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

CO

2 H F F NO2 The above 2-(2,5-difluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-isobutylmalonic acid diethyl ester (57.0g, 152.8 mmol) was dissolved in AcOH / H 2 0 / EtOH (400 mL/ 120 mL/ 50 mL) and the reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 96h. After cooling the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and water (200mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OOmL), and the combined extracts were washed with water (3x1OOmL), brine (1OOmL) and dried (MgSO 4 ). Evaporation of solvent under reduced pressure gave a yellow oil which crystallized on standing to yield 27g of 2-(2,5-difluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid. Chromatography of the residual oil (Heptane-EtOAc gradient) gave an additional 3g of product (72% combined yield). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 9.63 (br s, 1H), 7.82 (dd, J= 8.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J= 11.0, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.08 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.43 (m, 1H), 0.95-0.92 (m, 6H); 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 177.6, 158.2 (d, 'JCF 232.5 Hz), 150.9 (d, 'JCF = 262.5 Hz), 136.0, 134.7, 119.0 (d, 2JCF = 20.0, Hz), 113.1 (d, 2JCF 29.4 Hz), 41.7, 41.3, 26.0, 22.6, 21.9. Step 3 2-(2,5-Difluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester CO 2 Et F F NO2 2-(2,5-difluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid (29.0 g, 0.11 mol) was dissolved in EtOH (200mL) and H 2

SO

4 (96%) 1 OmL added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3h and the solvent evaporated to an oil which was dissolved in EtOAc. Water (150mL) added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1 OOmL). Organic phases washed with saturated NaHCO 3 (50mL), water (1OOmL) and brine (1OOmL) then dried under MgSO 4 . The evaporation 133 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 of solvent under reduced pressure gave 2-(2,5-difluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester as yellow oil 32.0 g, (97%), which was used for the next step without purification. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.81 (dd, J= 8.8, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J= 11.1, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.05 (in, 3H), 2.04-1.94 (in, 1H), 1.71-1.62 (in, 1H), 1.51-1.42 (in, 1H), 1.25 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.95-0.92 (in, 6H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 171.6, 155.0 (d, JCF = 246.0 Hz), 151.5 (d, JCF = 261.3 Hz), 145.5, 135.7, 118.8 (dd, 2 JCF = 24.0, 3 JCF = 4.0 Hz), 113.0 (d, 2JCF 20-0 Hz), 61.6, 41.8, 26.1, 22.5, 22.0, 14.1. Step 4 2-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester

CO

2

CH

2 Cyp F 0 N02 Cyclopropylmethanol (10.0g, 138.8 mmol) was treated with n-BuLi (2.5M in hexane 7.4 g, 46mL, 115.6 mmol) at -15 0 C under nitrogen, and the reaction mixture was stirred lh at 25'C. To the mixture was added 2-(2,5-difluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (29g, 96mmol) in cyclopropylmethanol (30mL) dropwise at 25'C and the reaction mixture stirred for an additional 16h. Water (1OOmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOOmL). The combined organic phases washed with water (3x100iL), brine (1OOmL) and dried (MgSO 4 ). Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave a brown oil which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (Heptane-EtOAc gradient) to give 29.5 g, (810%) of 2-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester as a yellow oil. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.60 (d, J 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.80 (in, 4H), 2.01-1.92 (in, 1H), 1.68-1.60 (in, 1H), 1.52-1.43 (in, 1H), 1.34-1.20 (in, 1H), 1.19-1.00 (in, 1H), 0.94 (d, J= 134 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.65 (d, J= 7.7 Hz, 2H), 0.54 (d, J= 7.7 Hz, 2H), 0.39 (d, J= 4.4 Hz, 2H), 0.25 (d, J= 4.4 Hz, 2H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 172.6, 152.7 (d, JCF = 243.4 Hz), 148.8, 138.1, 133.3 (d, 2 JCF = 15.7 Hz), 115.8, 112.6 (d, 2 JCF =29.5 Hz), 75.1, 70.0, 42.1, 41.7, 26.1, 22.5, 22.2, 10.0, 9.8, 3.4. Step 5 2-(5-Cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-amino-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 0 0 F

NH

2 2-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (10.0 g, 26.4 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (200mL) and hydrogenated at 50 psi, 25 0 C for 24h over 10% Pd-C (Ig). The mixture was filtered and the solvent evaporated to give crude a brown oi, which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (Heptane-EtOAc gradient) to give 6.7 g, (72%) of 2-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-amino-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester as a yellow oil. 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.73 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J= 11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.70 (in, 5H), 1.91-1.81 (in, 1H), 1.65 1.56 (in, 1H), 1.51-1.39 (in, 1H), 1.28-1.18 (in, 1H), 1.12-1.00 (in, 1H), 0.90 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 13 6H), 0.63-0.57 (in, 2H), 0.53-047 (in, 2H), 0.35-0.28 (in, 2H), 0.25-0.18 (in, 2H); "C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 174.2, 154.8 (d, 'JCF = 236.0 Hz), 142.6, 136.6 (d, JCF = 11.5 Hz), 114.1 (d, 2JCF 16.8 Hz), 111.6 (d, 3JCF 4.8 Hz), 101.6 (d, 2JCF 28.2 Hz), 73.8, 69.2, 42.1, 40.8, 25.9, 22.7, 22.2, 10.5, 9.8, 3.2. Step 6 2-(5-Cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 135 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

CO

2

CH

2 Cyp F O" 2-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-amino-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (2.9g, 8.3 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH / H 2 0 / H 2

SO

4 (96%) 50mL / 1OOmL / 2.5 mL at 0 0 C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.63g, 9.1 mmol) in water (20mL) was added dropwise at 0 0 C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 20min. A solution of KI (4.0g, 24.1 mmol) in water (20mL) was added dropwise at 0 0 C and the reaction mixture was heated 50-60'C for 2.5h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL). The combined organic layers were washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate (30mL) followed by brine (30mL) and then dried over MgSO 4 . and solvent evaporated to give crude brown oil, which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (Heptane-EtOAc gradient) to give 2.2g, (57%) of 2-(5 cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester as a yellow oil. 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.46 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.83 (in, 5H), 1.96-1.86 (in, 1H), 1.69-1.58 (in, 1H), 1.51-1.39 (in, 1H), 1.28 1.18 (in, 1H), 1.12-1.00 (in, 1H), 0.91 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.66-0.60 (in, 2H), 0.55-047 (in, 2H), 0.42-0.34 (in, 2H), 0.26-0.18 (in, 2H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.2, 154.3 (d, 'JCF = 243.4 Hz), 154.1, 127.1 (d, 2JCF = 16.2 Hz), 125.5 (d, 2JCF = 26.4 Hz), 112.3 (d, 3JCF = 3.6 Hz), 84.6 (d, 3JCF = 8.4 Hz), 74.5, 69.6, 41.9, 41.5, 26.0, 22.7, 22.2, 10.2, 9.8, 3.3. Step 7 2-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-5-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester

CO

2

CH

2 Cyp F O"

CF

3 136 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 To a solution of 2-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.2g, 0.43 mmol) in anhydrous DME (10 mL) under argon was added 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.1g, 0.53 mmol), CsF (0.16g, 1.05 mmol), and Pd(PPh 3

)

4 (0.015g, 0.013 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18h, a water/EtOAc 15/15mL mixture was added and the organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO 4 . The solvent was then evaporated to give a yellow oil which was purified by by column chromatography over silica gel (Heptane-EtOAc gradient) to give 0.18 of 2-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-5-fluoro-4' trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester as a light yellow oil. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.70-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.05 (d, J= 10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.78 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.05 (m, 2H), 0.95 (d, J= 6.3 133 Hz, 6H), 0.60-0.40 (in, 4H), 0.30-0.10 (in, 4H). "C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.5, 154.3 (d, JCF = 239.7 Hz), 151.9, 140.7, 132.0, 129.5, 126.6 (d, 2 JCF = 16.9 Hz), 124.8 (q, JCF 3.7 Hz), 124.0 (q, IJCF =271.6 Hz), 117.0 (d, 2 JCF =24.6 Hz), 113.6, 74.1, 69.6, 41.1, 41.5, 26.1, 22.7, 22.2, 10.2, 9.8, 3.2. Step 8 2-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-5-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid. C0 2 H F 0 CF 3 2-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-5-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.14g, 0.29 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH / H 2 0 (9 ml / 1 ml) and KOH 0.3g added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and after cooling the solvent 137 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 was evaporated. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xOmL). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to an oil which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (Heptane EtOAc gradient) to give 0.12g of a white solid. A second chromatography of the solid gave 0.03g (25%) of pure 2-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-5-fluoro-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methyl-pentanoic acid product as a crystalline white solid. M.P. = 110-111 C, 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS):6 8.99 (br s 1H), 7.66 (br s, 4H), 7.05 (d, J= 9.9 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J= 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.90 (in, 1H), 1.81-1.65 (in, 1H), 1.60-1.45 (in, 1H), 1.32-1.05 (in, 2H), 0.94 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 6H), 0.54 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.24 (d, J= 3.9 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 179.2, 154.7 (d, 'JCF = 239.8 Hz), 152.0, 140.6, 132.0, 129.9, 129.6, 125.7 (d, 2 JCF = 16.2 Hz), 124.8 (q, 3JCF = 3.6 Hz), 124.0 (q, JCF = 270 Hz), 117.2 (d, 2 JCF = 25.2 Hz), 113.9, 74.2, 41.3, 29.8, 25.9, 22.8, 22.1, 10.3, 3.2. Example 485 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl -3 yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid COOH C1 0

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate COOEt Br OH To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (20g, 0.1lmol) in 200ml of CCl 4 , was slowly added bromine (18.8g, 0.11 mol) dissolved in 1Oml of CCl 4 at 0 0 C for 30min. The reaction mass was stirred for another 30min at 0 0 C. After completion of the 138 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 reaction, the mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with DCM (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with water, and 10% sodium bi-sulfite solution, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4 hydroxyphenyl)acetate in 78% yield. (22.4g). 'HNMR (CDCl3): 7.42 (s, 1H); 7.14 (d ,1H); 6.97 (d, 1H); 5.53 (bs, 1H); 4.13 (q, 2H); 3.52 (s, 2H); 1.16 (t, 3H). Step 2 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate COOEt CI Br OH To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (20g, 0.076molo) in 200ml of DCM was added MeOH (3.4ml, 0.84mol) and the mixture was refluxed. Sulfuryl chloride (6.8ml 0.846mol) was slowly added under over a period of 10min. The reaction mixture was refluxed for a further 5h. Upon completion of reaction, the mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with DCM (x2). The combined organic layer were washed with 10%NaHCO 3 solution and water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under vacuum to give ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate in 60% yield. (13.6g). 'HNMR (CDCl3): 7.37 (s,1H); 7.27 (s,1H); 5.68 (bs, 1H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 3.48 (s, 2H); 1.29 (t, 3H). Step 3 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl) acetate COOEt CI Br 0 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (4g, 0.011 mol) and K 2

CO

3 (2.8g, 0.02mol) in 100ml of DMSO was slowly added cyclopropyl methylbromide (1.46ml, 0.017mol) at room temperature. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was heated at 60 0 C for 4h. Upon completion of the 139 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 reaction, the mixture was poured onto water and extracted with EtOAc (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate in 72% yield. (93.4g). 'HNMR (CDCl3): 7.38 (bs,1H); 7.28 (s,1H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 3.87 (d, 2H); 3.58 (s, 2H); 1.38 (in, 1H); 1.28 (t, 3H); 0.63 (in, 2H); 0.38 (in, 2H). Step 4 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl) acetate COOEt CI

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate (4g, 0.01 Imol), 4-Trifluoromethyl phenylboronic acid (2.6g, 0.012mol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(1.3g, 0.001mol), Cesium carbonate (13.lg, 0.04mol) in DMF/water mixture (100ml/5ml) was stirred overnight at 100 0 C. Upon completion of reaction, the precipitate were removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc twice. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Flash Column Charomatography to give ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate in 57% yield. (2.7g). 'HNMR (CDCl3): 7.69 (bs, 4H); 7.36 (s, 1H); 7.17(s, 1H); 4.18 (q, 2H); 3.59 (s, 2H); 3.39 (d, 2H); 1.28 (t, 3H); 0.96 (in, 1H); 0.41 (in, 2H); 0.01 (in, 2H). Step 5 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate 140 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 COOEt CI

CF

3 To a suspension of NaH (37mg, 50% suspension, 0.79mmol) in 25ml of DMF was slowly added a mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)acetate (300mg, 0.719mmol) and cyclopropylmethyl bromide (108mg, 0.782mmol) in 20ml of DMF at 0 0 C for 15min under nitrogen atmosphere. Upon completion of the addition, the mixture was stirred for 15min at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with EtOAc (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Flash column Chromatography to give ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate in 62% yield. (0.210g). 'HNMR (CDCl3): 7.69 (s, 4H); 7.41 (s, 1H); 7.21(s, 1H); 4.19 (q, 2H); 3.63 (t, 1H); 3.41 (d, 2H); 1.94 (in, 1H); 1.78 (in, 1H); 1.27 (t, 3H); 0.97 (bs, 1H); 0.72 (bs, 1H); 0.42 (in, 4H); 0.13 (in, 2H); 0.1 (in, 2H). Step 6 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl -3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid COOH CI

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (100mg, 0.214mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (27mg, 0.642mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (5ml/5ml5/ml) was stirred 141 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 for 3h at room temperature. Upon completion of reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with EtOAc (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid in 56% yield. (52.6mg). 1 HNMR (CDCl3): 7.71 (s, 4H); 7.42 (s, 1H); 7.23 (s, 1H); 3.68 (t, 1H); 3.41 (d, 2H); 1.93 (in, 1H); 1.77 (in, 1H); 0.97 (bs, 1H); 0.71 (bs, 1H); 0.42 (in, 4H); 0.12 (in, 2H); 0.1 (in, 2H). Example 414 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3 yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 0 OH C1

CF

3

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-amino-5-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate 0 OEt

H

2 N Br OH To a stirred solution compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (6g), in dry methanol (100 mL) was added Pd(OH) 2 under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h under an atmosphere of hydrogen. The reaction mixture was filtered through CeliteTM, washed with methanol and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(3-amino-5-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4 142 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 methylpentanoate (4 g, 72%). 'HNMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz): 6.80 (s, 1H); 6.62 (s, 1H); 5.35 (bs, 1H); 4.13 (q, 2H); 3.41 (t, 1H); 1.93-1.56 (m, 2H); 1.51 (m, 1H); 1.21 (t, 3H), 0.97 (d, 6H). Step 2 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate 0 O Et C1 Br OH Ethyl 2-(3-amino-5-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate 1 (4 g, 0.012 mol) was dissolved in a mixture of ACN / H 2 0 / HCl 60mL / 30mL / 8 mL at 0 0 C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.919 g, 1.1 eq) in water (1OmL) was added dropwise at 0 0 C and the reaction mixture was stirred for lh at 0 0 C. A solution of CuCl (5.99 g, 0.060 mol) in water (10 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was then heated to 50'C for 2.5h. upon which the mixture was poured into ice water, extracted with ethyl acetate (3xlOOmL) The combined organic layers were washed with water (200 mL) and brine (100mL), dried over NaSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give crude black oil which was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(3 -bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate as yellow oil 2.2 g, (47.3%). 1 HNMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz): 7.38 (s, 1H); 7.4 (s, 1H); 5.80 (bs, 1H); 4.13 (q, 2H); 3.51 (t, 1H); 1.93-1.56 (m, 2H); 1.51 (m, 1H); 1.21 (t, 3H), 0.97 (d, 6H); Step 3 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoate 0 OR OEt C1 Br 0

CF

3 143 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (2 g, 0.57 mmol) and K 2 C0 3 (1.58g, 0.011 mol) in dry DMF (20 mL), slowly added trifluoroethyl iodide (7.2 g, 3.39ml, 0.034 mol) at room temperature. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was slowly heated to 100 0 C for 4h. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x50 mL). The combined organic layer were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4 (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (1.4 g, 60 % yield). 'HNMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): 7.43 (s, 1H); 7.34 (s, 1H); 4.4 (q, 2H), 4.13 (q, 2H); 3.55 (t, 1H); 1.93 (in, 1H), 1.58 (in, 1H); 1.45 (in, 1H); 1.24 (t, 3H), 0.92 (d, 6H); Step 4 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate 0 OR OEt CI 0 /

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (1g, 1 eq), 4-Trifluoromethyl phenylboronic acid (2.6g, 1.4 eq), Pd(PPh 3

)

4 (1.3g, 0.1 eq) and Cesium Fluoride (13.lg, 2 eq) in DME (30 ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. Upon completion, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water followed by brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated under vacuo. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate in 74% yield (1.08 g). 'HNMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): 7.68 (in, 5H), 7.43 (s, 1H); 7.24 (s, 1H); 4.4 (q, 2H), 4.13 (q, 2H); 3.55 (t, 1H); 1.93 (in, 1H), 1.58 (in, 1H); 1.45 (in, 1H); 1.24 (t, 3H), 0.92 (d, 6H); 144 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 5 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 /

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)-4-methylpentanoate (800mg, mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (27mg, 0.642mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (5ml/5ml5/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. Upon completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid in 88% yield (670 mg). Or alternatively example 414 may be synthesized via the following procedures: Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate 145 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt C1 0 /

CF

3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.75 g, 1.70 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (20 mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.049 g, 2.04 mmol) was added at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature, upon which isobutyl bromide (0.2 mL, 1.87 mmol), was added in a drop wise manner at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional 1 h at 0 'C and then saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic layers were washed with water (2x1OmL) and brine (1OmL), dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a colorless oil, witch was purified by flash column chromatography to give ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.5 g, 59% yield) as a thick liquid. Step 2 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methy pentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0/

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.6 g, 1.21 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.509 g, 12.1 mmol) in MeOH/THF/Water a solvent mixture (1OmL/lOmL/lOmL) was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. After completion of reaction volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and 146 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 extracted with ethyl acetate (3x20 mL). The combined organic layers washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid (0.4 g, 72% yield) as a white solid. Example 1055 2-(6-Cyclopropylmethoxy-5,4'-bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methyl pentanoic Acid Step Diethyl 2-isobutyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)malonate CO 2 Et CO 2 Et

F

3 C NO2 To a solution of diethyl isobutylmalonate (50.0 g, 231 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (200 mL) cooled in an ice bath was added NaH (60 %, 11.1 g, 277 mmol) in small portions. After the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 10 min and then at room temperature for 30 min. 5-Chloro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride (47.3 g, 210 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (50 mL) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for two days. The DMF was removed under high vacuum and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (400 mL). Water (400 mL) was added dropwise; ammonium chloride (25 g) was added and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with brine (400 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a red-brown oil, which was purified by silica-gel flash chromatography eluting with heptane / ethyl acetate (12:1) to give the desired product diethyl 2-isobutyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)malonate (74.4 g, 87%) as a yellow oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.94 (d, 2 H, J= 8.7 Hz), 7.88 147 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (d, 2 H, J= 8.7 Hz), 4.25 (in, 4 H), 2.33 (d, 2 H, J= 6.6 Hz), 1.51 (in, 1 H), 1.26 (t, 6 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 0.84 (d, 6 H, J = 6.6 Hz); "C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 169.23, 146.71, 142.86, 132.94, 127.94 (q, J= 5 Hz), 124.55, 123.12 (q, J= 33 Hz), 121.79 (q, J= 272 Hz), 62.19, 61.59, 44.16, 24.66, 23.66, 13.89. Step 2 4-Methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pentanoic acid CO 2 H

F

3 C NO2 To a solution of diethyl 2-isobutyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)malonate (74.4 g, 184 mmol) in acetic acid (500 mL) were added water (157 mL) and concentrated

H

2

SO

4 (55 mL) carefully. The reaction mixture was refluxed for three days and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water (400 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (6 x 100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (400 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown oil. The residue was purified by silica-gel flash chromatography eluting with heptane/EtOAc (5:1 and then 2:1) to give 4-methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-pentanoic acid (42.5 g, 76%) as a yellowish oil: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 11.51 (s, 1 H, br), 7.87 (d, 1 H, J= 8.4 Hz), 7.78 (s, 1 H), 7.71 (d, 1 H, J= 8.4 Hz), 3.84 (t, 1 H, J= 7.8 Hz), 2.06 (in, 1 H), 1.72 (in, 1 H), 1.49 (in, 1 H), 0.95 (d, 3 H, J= 6.6. Hz), 0.94 (d, 3 H, J= 6.3 Hz); 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 178.76, 147.09, 143.94, 132.66, 127.70 (q, J= 5 Hz), 125.40, 123.95 (q, J= 34 Hz), 121.74 (q, J= 271 Hz), 42.16, 25.96, 22.44, 22.09. Step 3 4-Methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pentanoic acid ethyl ester CO 2 Et

F

3 C NO2 148 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 To a solution of 4-methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pentanoic acid (42.3 g, 139 mmol) in absolute ethanol (300 mL) was added concentrated sulfuric acid (95-98%, 9.0 mL) and the solution was heated at reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure; the residue was treated with a solution of sodium carbonate (5%, 300 mL) and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (300 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by silica-gel flash chromatography eluting with heptane / EtOAc (10 : 1) gave 4-methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (38.4 g, 83%) as a yellowish oil: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 7.90 (d, 1 H, J= 8.4 Hz), 7.82 (s, 1 H), 7.74 (dd, 1 H, J= 8.4, 1.5 Hz), 4.18 (in, 2 H), 3.83 (t, 1 H, J= 7.5 Hz), 2.06 (in, 1 H), 1.70 (in, 1 H), 1.50 (in, 1 H), 1.27 (t, 3 H, J= 7.2 Hz), 0.97 (d, 3 H, J= 6.6 Hz), 0.96 (d, 3 H, J= 6.3 Hz); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 172.24, 146.83, 145.04, 132.40, 127.51 (q, J= 5 Hz), 125.28, 123.80 (q, J= 32 Hz), 121.78 (q, J= 272 Hz), 61.45, 49.45, 42.65, 26.03, 22.41, 22.17, 14.10. Step 4 2-(4-Amino-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester CO 2 Et

F

3 C

NH

2 A suspension of 4-methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (38.3 g, 115 mmol), tin (II) chloride (87.2 g, 460 mmol) and water (16.6 g, 920 mmol) in ethanol (500 mL) was heated at reflux for four hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure; the residue was treated with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and aqueous NaOH solution (1 N, 2.5 L). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 600 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (1 L), dried over Na 2

SO

4 , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica-gel flash chromatography eluting with heptane / ethyl acetate (10 : 1) to give 2-(4 amino-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (31.1 g, 89%) as a yellow oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 7.35 (d, 1 H, J= 2.1 Hz), 7.27 (dd, 1 H, J= 149 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 8.4, 2.1 Hz), 6.69 (d, 1 H, J= 8.4 Hz), 4.10 (m, 4 H), 3.54 (t, 1 H, J= 7.8 Hz), 1.91 (m, 1 H), 1.58 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (m, 1 H), 1.21 (t, 3 H, J= 6.9 Hz), 0.90 (d, 3 H, J= 6.6 Hz), 0.89 (d, 3 H, J = 6.6 Hz); "C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 174.14, 143.45, 132.22, 128.58, 125.91 (q, J= 4 Hz), 124.80 (q, J= 271 Hz), 117.35, 113.60 (q, J= 29 Hz), 60.60, 48.54, 42.35, 25.77, 22.46, 22.18, 14.04. Step 5 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester CO 2 Et

F

3 C NO2 OH To sulfuric acid (95-98%, 20.0 mL) was added 2-(4-amino-3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (6.06 g, 20.0 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0 0 C and water (30.0 mL) was added dropwise. A solution of NaNO 2 (1.66 g, 24.0 mmol) in water (12 mL) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred for additional 20 min. A few crystals of urea were added to decompose any excess NaNO 2 . A solution of cupric nitrate (466 g, 2.00 mol) in water (880 mL) was added, followed by addition of Cu 2 0 (2.86 g, 20.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min and diethyl ether (1 L) was added. The organic extract was washed with brine (500 mL), dried over Na 2

SO

4 , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica-gel flash chromatography eluting with heptane / ethyl acetate (20 :1 ) to give 2-(4-hydroxy-3 nitro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (2.20 g, 31%) as a yellow oil: HRMS (DIP-CI-MS): calcd for C 15

H

1 9

NO

5

F

3 (M+H)+: 350.1215, found 350.1240; IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 11.13 (s, 1 H), 8.29 (s, 1 H), 7.90 (s, 1 H), 4.15 (m, 2 H), 3.69 (t, 1 H, J= 7.8 Hz), 2.00 (m, 1 H), 1.62 (m, 1 H), 1.47 (m, 1 H), 1.25 (t, 3 H, J= 7.2 Hz), 0.94 (d, 3 H, J= 6.3 Hz), 0.93 (d, 3 H, J= 6.6 Hz); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 172.75, 152.45, 134.67 (q, J= 5 Hz), 134.29, 131.40, 127.90, 122.35, (q, J= 271 Hz), 121.42 (q, J= 32 Hz), 61.51, 48.76, 42.76, 26.23, 22.60, 22.42, 14.32. 150 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 6 2-(4-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3-nitro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid ethyl ester CO 2 Et

F

3 C

NO

2 0I To a solution of 2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid ethyl ester (2.66 g, 7.62 mmol), cyclopropanemethanol (0.60 g, 8.38 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (2.40 g, 9.14 mmol) in anhydrous THF (32 mL) was added diethyl azodicarboxylate (40 wt% solution in toluene, 3.98 g, 9.14 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for two days and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with THF / hexane (1:5, 3 x 15 mL). The combined extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow solid, which was purified by silica-gel flash chromatography eluting with heptane / ethyl acetate (60 : 1 and then 10 :1) to give 2-(4-cyclopropylmethoxy-3-nitro-5 trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (1.89 g, 61%) as a colorless oil: IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.73 (s, 1 H), 4.06 (in, 2 H), 3.79 (d, 2 H, J= 7.2 Hz), 3.64 (t, 1 H, J= 7.5 Hz), 1.93 (in, 1 H), 1.55 (in, 1 H), 1.40 (in, 1 H), 1.24 (in, 1 H), 1.17 (t, 3 H, J= 6.9 Hz), 0.86 (in, 6 H), 0.56 (d, 2 H, J= 6.6 Hz), 0.27 (in, 2 H); 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 172.49, 149.98, 144.40, 135.55, 130.96 (q, J = 5 Hz), 128.29, 126.77, (q, J= 31 Hz), 122.37 (q, J= 272 Hz), 82.03, 61.37, 48.74, 42.66, 26.04, 22.36, 22.32, 14.14, 10.66, 3.39. Step 7 2-(3-Amino-4-cyclopropylmethoxy-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester 151 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt

CF

3 NH 2 A mixture of 2-(4-cyclopropylmethoxy-3-nitro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid ethyl ester (1.85 g, 4.59 mmol) and Pd/C (1.85 g) in ethanol and 1 N HCl (4.60 mL) was hydrogenated under 36 psi H 2 in a Parr apparatus. After 4 h, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite 521 . The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The residue was treated with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (3 g in 100 mL of water) and the resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown oil, which was purified by silica-gel flash chromatography eluting with a gradient of heptane / ethyl acetate (from 10 : 1 to 2 : 1) to give 2-(3-amino-4-cyclopropylmethoxy-5 -trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (0.88 g, 51%) as a light pink oil: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 6.83 (s, 1 H), 6.80 (s, 1 H), 4.04 (in, 2 H), 3.85 (s, 2 H), 3.66 (d, 2 H, J= 6.9 Hz), 3.45 (t, 1 H, J= 7.8 Hz), 1.84 (in, 1 H), 1.49 (in, 1 H), 1.39 (in, 1 H), 1.22 (in, 1 H), 1.14 (t, 3 H, J= 7.2 Hz), 0.82 (in, 6 H), 0.56 (d, 2 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.27 (d, 2 H, J = 4.5 Hz); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 173.61, 142.71, 141.25, 135.51, 123.75 (q, J= 30 Hz), 123.52 (q, J= 271 Hz), 118.46, 115.52 (q, J= 5 Hz), 77.88, 60.70, 49.03, 42.53, 25.86, 22.40, 22.31, 14.07, 10.98, 3.19. Step 8 2-(4-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3-iodo-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid ethyl ester 152 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 CO 2 Et

F

3 C I 0 To a solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.308 g, 1.62 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.3 mL) was added 2-(3 -amino-4-cyclopropylmethoxy-5-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (0.20 g, 0.54 mmol). The resulting suspension of the amine salt was cooled in an ice bath. A solution of sodium nitrite (0.0745 g, 1.08 mmol) in water (0.32 mL) was added dropwise, followed by addition of a solution of KI (1.79 g, 10.8 mmol) in water (2.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred in the ice bath for one hour and then at room temperature for one hour. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. Water (20 mL) was added and then an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (1 M) to adjust the pH to 8. Ethyl acetate (20 mL) was added for extraction. The organic layer was washed with aqueous Na 2

S

2 0 4 solution (10%, 20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over Na 2

SO

4 , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown oil, which was purified by silica-gel flash chromatography eluting with heptane / ethyl acetate (30:1) to give 2-(4-cyclopropylmethoxy-3-iodo-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) 4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (0.15 g, 57%) as a yellowish oil: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.52 (s, 1 H), 4.11 (in, 2 H), 3.83 (d, 2 H, J= 7.2 Hz), 3.59 (t, 1 H, J= 7.5 Hz), 1.95 (in, 1 H), 1.50 (in, 3 H), 1.22 (t, 3 H, J= 6.9 Hz), 0.91 (d, 3 H, J= 6.3 Hz), 0.90 (d, 3 H, J = 6.3 Hz), 0.64 (in, 2 H), 0.43 (in, 2 H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 172.96, 155.55, 142.66, 136.98, 126.94 (q, J= 5 Hz), 124.87 (q, J= 30 Hz), 122.64 (q, J = 272 Hz), 93.73, 79.79, 61.06, 48.53, 42.65, 26.01, 22.39, 14.16, 10.75, 3.36. Step 9 2-(6-Cyclopropylmethoxy-5,4'-bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid ethyl ester 153 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

CO

2 Et

F

3 C ~ CF 3 A mixture of 2-(4-cyclopropylmethoxy-3-iodo-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4 methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (0.14 g, 0.29 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid (0.089 g, 0.47 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (0.023 g, 0.031 mmol) and a solution of aqueous sodium carbonate (2 M, 0.31 mL, 0.62 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) was degassed and heated at 100 0 C for ten days. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure; the residue was treated with water (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel flash chromatography eluting with heptane / ethyl acetate (100 : 1) to give a colorless oil (0.11 g), which was further purified by flash chromatography on silica gel 100 C 18 -reversed phase eluting with MeOH / H 2 0 (5 : 1 to 20 : 3) to give 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy-5,4' bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (0.05 g, 34%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.73 (in, 4 H), 7.58 (s, 1 H), 7.48 (s, 1 H), 4.13 (in, 2 H), 3.70 (t, 1 H, J= 7.5 Hz), 3.27 (d, 2 H, J= 7.2 Hz), 2.00 (in, 1 H), 1.67 (in, 2 H), 1.51 (in, 1 H), 1.25 (t, 3 H, J= 7.2 Hz), 0.93 (in, 8 H), 0.45 (d, 2 H, J= 7.5 Hz); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.35, 153.80, 140.99, 135.48, 135.40, 134.05, 130.05 (q, J= 32 Hz), 129.88 (q, J= 32 Hz), 129.42, 126.41 (q, J= 5 Hz), 125.33 (q, J= 4 Hz), 124.06 (q, J= 270 Hz), 123.48 (q, J= 270 Hz), 79.47, 60.98, 49.21, 42.87, 26.19, 22.46, 14.22, 10.56, 3.13. Step 10 2-(6-Cyclopropylmethoxy-5,4'-bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid 154 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Co 2 H

F

3 C ~ CF 3 A mixture of 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy-5,4'-bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (0.04 g, 0.08 mmol) and aqueous KOH (1.4 M, 0.4 mL) in ethanol (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for two days. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was diluted with water (30 mL), acidified with 1 N HCl to pH 1, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried overnight to give the desired carboxylic acid 2-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy-5,4'-bis trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid (0.04 g, 100%) as a white solid: mp 148-149'C; HRMS (ESI-TOF): calcd for C 2 4 H23O 3

F

6 Na 2 (M-H + 2 Na)*: 519.1341, found 519.1366; 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.72 (in, 4 H), 7.59 (s, 1 H), 7.48 (s, 1 H), 3.73 (in, 1 H), 3.27 (d, 2 H, J= 6.9 Hz), 2.02 (in, 1 H), 1.69 (in, 1 H), 1.56 (in, 1 H), 1.28 (in, 1 H), 0.94 (in, 8 H), 0.46 (in, 2 H); the proton of COOH was not observed; 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 178.95, 154.12, 140.82, 135.61, 134.49, 134.24, 130.18 (q, J= 32 Hz), 129.44 (q, J= 32 Hz), 129.40, 126.50 (q, J= 5 Hz), 125.39 (q, J= 4 Hz), 124.04 (q, J= 270 Hz), 123.40 (q, J= 271 Hz), 79.55, 48.91, 42.35, 26.07, 22.49, 22.35, 10.58, 3.15; HPLC purity: 95.2%, retention time = 11.78 min. Example 754: 2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2 fluorophenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 155 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH F NO Step 1. Cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(benzo [c] [1,2,5] oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2 fluorophenyl)-4-methylpentanoate 0 F \ N N-O To a solution of 2-(5-cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.2 g, 0.43 mmol) in DME (anhydrous, 10 mL) under argon atmosphere was added 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.1 g, 0.53 mmol), CsF (0.16 g, 1.05 mmol), and Pd(PPh 3

)

4 (0.015 g, 0.013 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18 h (oil bath, 100 0 C). A mixture of water and EtOAc (15 mL/15 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatograph using Heptane-EtOAc (60:1 - 9:1) to give cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4 (benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-fluorophenyl)-4 methylpentanoate as a yellowish oil (0.18 g, 90%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.70-7.64 (in, 4H), 7.05 (d, J= 10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.87 (in, 2H), 3.78 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.90 (in, 1H), 1.74-1.65 (in, 156 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.05 (m, 2H), 0.95 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.60-0.40 (m, 4H), 0.30-0.10 (m, 4H). "C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.5, 154.3 (d, JCF = 239.7 Hz), 151.9, 140.7, 132.0, 129.5, 126.6 (d, 2 JCF = 16.9 Hz), 124.8 (q, JCF = 3.7 Hz), 124.0 (q, IJCF = 271.6 Hz), 117.0 (d, 2 JCF = 24.6 Hz), 113.6, 74.1, 69.6, 41.1, 41.5, 26.1, 22.7, 22.2, 10.2, 9.8, 3.2. Step 2 2-(4-benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-2-fluoro-phenyl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH F 0 NO Cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-2 fluorophenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.14 g, 0.29 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH / H 2 0 (9 mL / 1 mL) and KOH (0.3 g) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and after cooling the solvent was evaporated. Then, 6 N HCl was added to adjust the pH to 5, and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a colorless oil. Purification by gradient column chromatography on silica gel Heptane-EtOAc (50:1 - 9:1) gave 2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-2-fluorophenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid as a white solid (0.12 g, quantitative); pure portion (0.03g, 25%); white microcrystals, M.P. = 110-111 0 C, 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDC 3 /TMS):6 8.99 (br s, 1H), 7.66 (br s, 4H), 7.05 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J= 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.04 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.05 (m, 2H), 0.94 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 6H), 0.54 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.24 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, 157 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 179.2, 154.7 (d, 'JCF = 239.8 Hz), 152.0, 140.6, 132.0, 129.9, 129.6, 125.7 (d, 2JCF = 16.2 Hz), 124.8 (q, 3JCF = 3.6 Hz), 124.0 (q, 'JCF = 270 Hz), 117.2 (d, 2JCF = 25.2 Hz), 113.9, 74.2, 41.3, 29.8, 25.9, 22.8, 22.1, 10.3, 3.2. Example 2959: 2-(4-benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 \ ,N N-O Step 1 2-(3-Fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-2-isobutyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 0 0 EtO OEt F NO2 To a solution of 2-isobutylmalonic acid diethyl ester (75.0 g, 0.35 mol) in DMF (200 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 13.0 g, 0.57 mol) over 20 min. at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 0.5 h, then warmed to 25 0 C. The reaction mixture was cooled down to 0 0 C again and a solution of 2,4-difluoronitro-benzene (50.0 g, 0.31 mol) in DMF (150 mL) was added dropwise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 0 C for 16 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic phases washed with water (3 x 100 mL), brine (100 mL), and dried (MgSO 4 ). Evaporation of the solvent 158 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 under reduced pressure gave a brown oil. The crude product (92.0 g, 82%) was used for the next step without purification. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 8.03 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J= 12.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.18 (in, 4H), 2.28 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.54-1.45 (in, 1H), 1.25 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 6H), 0.82 (d, J= 7.0 Hz, 6H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 169.2, 154.5 (d, JCF = 263.1 Hz), 146.9 (d, unresolved), 125.3, 124.1 (d, 3JCF = 3.6 Hz), 118.6 (d, 2 JCF = 23.3 Hz), 62.0, 60.3, 44.1, 24.7, 23.6, 13.9. Step 2 2-(3-fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid 0 OH F

NO

2 2-(3-Fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-2-isobutyl-malonic acid diethyl ester (92.0 g, 0.26 mol) was dissolved in AcOH / H 2 0 / H 2

SO

4 (96%) (500 mL/ 200 mL/ 70 mL) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 24 h. After cooling and evaporation, water (300 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (3 x 100 mL), brine (100 mL) and dried (MgSO 4 ). The evaporation of solvent under reduced pressure gave a brown oil (61 g, quantitative), which was used for the next step without purification. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 8.07-8.01 (in, 1H), 7.33-7.26 (in, 2H), 3.79-3.73 (in, 1H), 2.05-1.95 (in, 1H), 1.76 1.66 (in, 1H), 1.52-1.43 (in, 1H), 0.95-0.92 (in, 6H); 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 178.3, 156.0 (d, 'JCF = 232.5 Hz), 147.0, 136.0, 126.2, 124.3, 118.1 (d, 2 JCF = 30 Hz), 49.3, 42.0, 25.8, 22.4, 22.0. Step 3 2-(3-Fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester 159 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt F

NO

2 2-(3-Fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid (29.0 g, 0.12 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (100 mL) and H 2

SO

4 (96%, 5 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 h and the solvent evaporated. Water (100 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated NaHCO 3 solution (50 mL), water (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), and then dried over MgSO 4 . Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave a brown oil (31.0 g, 97%), which was used for the next step without purification. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 8.03 (t, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.73 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.10-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.62 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.25 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.95-0.92 (m, 6H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 172.2, 155.3 (d, 'JCF = 265.0 Hz), 148.3 (d, 3JCF = 8.4 Hz), 136.5, 126.1, 124.1 (d, 3JCF = 3.6 Hz), 117.8 (d, 2JCF =21.6 Hz), 61.3, 49.4, 42.3, 25.9, 22.5, 22.1, 14.1. Step 4 2-(3-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 0

NO

2 Cyclopropylmethanol (80.0g, 1.11 mol) was treated with n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane, 9.1 g, 57 mL, 0.14 mol) at a temperature ranging from -15 to 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 25'C. Then, a solution of 2-(3-fluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid ethyl ester in cyclopropylmethanol (30 mL) was added at 25'C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h. Water (100 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic phases were 160 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 washed with water (3 x 100 mL), brine (100 mL), and dried (MgSO 4 ). Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave a brown oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc (9:1 - 4:1) to give 2-(3 cyclopropylmethoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester as a yellow oil (34.0 g, 93%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.78 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 6.97 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.83 (in, 4H), 3.69 (t, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.07 1.92 (in, 1H), 1.69-1.60 (in, 1H), 1.52-1.42 (in, 1H), 1.32-1.20 (in, 1H), 1.19-1.00 (in, 1H), 0.92 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.68-0.62 (in, 2H), 0.56-0.48 (in, 2H), 0.42-0.38 (in, 2H), 0.26-0.21 (in, 2H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 172.9, 152.3, 146.2, 138.8, 125.6, 119.8, 114.4, 74.2, 69.8, 49.8, 42.6, 26.0, 22.5, 22.2, 10.0, 9.7, 3.3. Step 5 2-(4-Amino-3-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 0

NH

2 2-(3-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (34.0 g, 94.2 mmol) was dissolved in AcOH (300 mL) and water (20 mL). Then, Zn powder (60.0 g, 923 mmol) was added in portions. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 h and after cooling the precipitate was filtered. The solvent was evaporated and water (150 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3 x 100 mL) and brine (100 mL). Drying of the organic phase was performed with magnesium sulfate. The evaporation of the solvent gave crude product as a brown oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc to give 2-(4-amino-3 cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester as a yellow oil (23 g, 75%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.73-6.61 (in, 3H), 3.94 3.78 (in, 6H), 3.53 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 1.94-1.85 (in, 1H), 1.65-1.56 (in, 1H), 1.52-1.43 161 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (in, 1H), 1.28-1.18 (in, 1H), 1.11-1.03 (in, 1H), 0.90 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 6H), 0.64-0.58 (in, 2H), 0.53-0.47 (in, 2H), 0.36-0.33 (in, 2H), 0.24-0.21 (in, 2H); "C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 174.6, 146.4, 135.3, 129.3, 120.5, 114.6, 111.2, 73.1, 69.0, 49.2, 42.7, 25.8, 22.6, 22.4, 10.4, 9.8, 3.2. Step 6 2-(4-Amino-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 0 C1 0

NH

2 2-(4-Amino-3-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (16.3 g, 49.1 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (200 mL) and N chlorosuccinimide (5.3 g, 0.75 equiv, 39.6 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 h and after cooling treated with 10% potassium carbonate solution (100 mL). The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL) and the combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent gave the crude product as a brown oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc to give 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5 cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester as a yellow oil (5 g, 36%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 3.95-3.80 (in, 4H), 3.49 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 1.94-1.82 (in, 1H), 1.63-1.52 (in, 1H), 1.50 1.40 (in, 1H), 1.28-1.18 (in, 1H), 1.11-1.03 (in, 1H), 0.90 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 6H), 0.66-0.58 (in, 2H), 0.53-0.47 (in, 2H), 0.37-0.32 (in, 2H), 0.25-0.20 (in, 2H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 174.2, 146.8, 132.6, 128.7, 120.6, 118.3, 109.4, 73.6, 69.3, 49.0, 42.6, 25.9, 22.6, 22.4, 10.4, 9.8, 3.3. Step 7 2-(3-Chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 162 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 2-(4-Amino-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (5.0 g, 13.7 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH / H 2 0 /

H

2

SO

4 (96%) (65 mL / 100 mL / 2.5 mL) and the reaction mixture was cooled down to 0 0 C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.95 g, 13.7 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added dropwise at 0 0 C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30min. A solution of KI (7.0 g, 42.2 mmol) in water (20 mL) was added dropwise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 50 60'C for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate solution (30 mL) followed by brine (30 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent evaporated to give a crude brown oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc (20:1 - 9:1) to give 2-(3-Chloro-5 cyclopropylmethoxy-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester as a yellow oil (4.0 g, 62%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 3.95-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.58 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 1.96-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.50 1.40 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.18 (m, 1H), 1.11-1.03 (m, 1H), 0.91 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 6H), 0.67-0.61 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.45-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.26-0.21 (m, 2H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.2, 159.2, 141.6, 139.4, 121.4, 109.8, 90.4, 74.0, 69.7, 49.4, 42.5, 26.0, 22.6, 22.3, 10.2, 9.8, 3.3. Step 8 2-(4-benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 163 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 O C1 0 \ ,NI' N-O To a solution of 2-(3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.27 g, 0.57 mmol) in DME (anhydrous, 10 mL) under argon atmosphere were added 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazole (0.15 g, 0.61 mmol), CsF (0.2 g, 1.32 mmol), and [1,1' bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II) (0.021 g, 0.029 mmol, need 0.06 mmol to complete the reaction!). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18 h (oil bath, 100 0 C). A mixture water/EtOAc (15 mL/15 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 , then evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography using Heptane-EtOAc (20:1 - 9:1) to give 2-(4-benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5 cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.11 g, 41%) of as a yellowish oil. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.83 (d, J= 9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.33 (in, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.02-3.81 (in, 4H), 3.67 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.03-1.96 (in, 1H), 1.74-1.65 (in, 1H), 1.60-1.45 (in, 1H), 1.20-1.05 (in, 2H), 0.96 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.57-0.47 (in, 4H), 0.28 (br s, 2H), 0.19 (br s, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.4, 157.0, 149.2, 148.3, 142.0, 138.7, 135.4, 133.5, 126.4, 121.6, 117.4, 114.9, 110.6, 73.4, 69.8, 49.8, 42.8, 26.1, 22.5, 22.4, 10.0, 9.8, 3.3, 3.1. Step 9 2-(4-benzo[1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid 164 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH C1 0 \ ,N N-O 2-(4-Benzo [1,2,5] oxadiazol-5 -yl-3 -chloro-5 -cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.11 g, 0.23 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH / H 2 0 (9 mL /I mL) and KOH (0.1 g, 1.76 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and after cooling the solvent was evaporated. Then, 6 N HCl was added to adjust the pH to 5, and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 2-(4-benzo[ 1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5 cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid as a yellow oil (0.068 g, 70%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 8.40 (br s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J= 9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J= 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 3.67 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 1.90-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.53 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.39 (m, 1H), 0.98-0.68 (m, 1H), 0.81 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 6H), 0.37-0.31 (m, 2H), 0.15-0.10 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 179.1, 157.1, 149.1, 148.3, 141.0, 138.6, 135.3, 133.7, 126.8, 121.6, 117.4, 115.0, 110.9, 73.4, 49.4, 41.9, 25.9, 22.6, 22.3, 10.0, 3.1. Example 2995: 2-(4-Benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid 165 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 OH C1 0 \ ,N N-S Step 1 2-(4-Benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 0 C1 0 \ ,NI' N-S To a solution of 2-(3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.18 g, 0.38 mmol) in DME (anhydrous, 10 mL) under argon atmosphere were added 5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzo[1,2,5]thiodiazole (0.15 g, 0.57 mmol), CsF (0.14 g, 0.92 mmol), and [1,1' bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II) (0.02 g, 0.027 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18 h (oil bath, 1 00 0 C). A mixture of water and EtOAc (15 mL/15 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc (20:1 - 9:1) to give 2-(4-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.08 g, 50%) as a yellow oil. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.83 (d, J= 9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.33 (in, 1H), 7.11 (s, 166 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.02-3.81 (m, 4H), 3.67 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.03-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.74 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.05 (m, 2H), 0.96 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.57-0.47 (m, 4H), 0.28 (br s, 2H), 0.19 (br s, 2H). "C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.5, 157.1, 154.7, 154.0, 141.4, 136.8, 133.7, 132.9, 126.9, 122.8, 121.6, 120.0, 110.8, 73.3, 69.7, 49.7, 42.7, 26.1, 22.5, 22.5, 10.0, 9.8, 3.3, 3.1. Step 2 2-(4-Benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid O OH C1 0 \ N N-s 2-(4-Benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.08 g, 0.19 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH and H 2 0 (9 mL /I mL) and KOH (0.1 g, 1.76 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and after cooling the solvent was evaporated. Then, 6 N HCl was added to adjust the pH to 5, and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 2-(4-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl-3-chloro-5 cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid as a yellow oil (0.038 g, 55%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 8.02 (d, J= 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J= 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 3.81 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.10-1.00 (m, 1H), 0.97 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 6H), 0.50-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.22-0.12 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 179.1, 157.2, 154.6, 154.0, 140.5, 136.7, 134.0, 132.9, 127.8, 122.9, 121.6, 120.1, 111.0, 73.4, 49.4, 42.0, 25.9, 22.6, 22.3, 10.0, 3.1. 167 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Example 1904:2-(2-Chloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methyl-pentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0

CF

3 Step 1 2-(2-Chloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 0 C1 0

CF

3 To a solution of 2-(3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.09 g, 0.19 mmol) in DME (anhydrous, 10 mL) under argon atmosphere were added 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol), CsF (0.07 g, 0.46 mmol), and [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II) (0.06 g, 0.08 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18 h (oil bath, 100 0 C). A mixture of water and EtOAc (15 mL/15 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 , then evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane EtOAc (20:1 - 9:1) to give 2-(2-chloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-4'-trifluoromethyl 168 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.063 g, 70%) as a yellowish oil. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.66 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 4.01-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.77 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.62 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.96-0.94 (m, 6H), 0.56-0.46 (m, 4H), 0.27-0.25 (m, 2H), 0.16-0.15 (m, 2H). 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.5, 157.0, 141.2, 138.9, 133.6, 130.8 (two signals), 127.8, 124.5 (q), 124.3 (q, IJCF = 271.0 Hz), 121.6, 111.0, 73.3, 69.7, 49.6, 42.7, 26.1, 22.6, 22.4, 10.0, 9.8, 3.3, 3.1. Step 2 2-(2-Chloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid O OH C1 0

CF

3 2-(2-Chloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.06 g, 0.12 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH and H 2 0 (9 mL/1 mL) and KOH (0.1 g, 1.76 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and after cooling the solvent was evaporated. Then, 6 N HCl was added to adjust the pH to 5 and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 2-(2-chloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methyl-pentanoic acid as a yellowish solid (0.046 g, 85%). M.p. = 115-116 0 C. 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.67 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 3.77 (d, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.15-0.89 (m, 1H), 0.95 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 6H), 169 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0.54-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.10 (m, 2H). "C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 179.0, 157.1, 140.3, 138.8, 133.8, 130.8, 129.3 (q), 128.2, 124.6, 124.3 (q, JCF = 271.0 Hz), 121.6, 111.2, 73.4, 49.4, 42.0, 25.9, 22.6, 22.3, 10.0, 3.0. Example 3200: 2-(2,4'-Dichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 C1 Step 1 2-(2,4'-Dichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 0 C1 0 C1 To a solution of 2-(3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.32 g, 0.67 mmol) in DME (anhydrous, 20 mL) under argon atmosphere were added 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (0.13 g, 0.83 mmol), CsF (0.24 g, 1.58 mmol), and [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II) (0.05 g, 0.07 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18 h (oil bath, 100 0 C). A mixture of 170 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 water and EtOAc (15 mL/15 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc (20:1 9:1) to give 2-(2,4'-dichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.26 g, 87%) as a yellowish oil. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.37 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 3.96-3.89 (in, 2H), 3.76 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.95 (in, 1H), 1.71-1.48 (in, 2H), 1.21-1.00 (in, 2H), 0.94 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.55-0.48 (in, 4H), 0.27-0.15 (in, 4H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.5, 157.1, 140.8, 133.7, 133.5, 133.0, 131.8, 128.1, 127.8, 121.5, 111.1, 73.2, 69.6, 49.6, 42.6, 26.1, 22.6, 22.5, 10.0, 9.8, 3.3, 3.0. Step 2 2-(2,4'-Dichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 C1 2-(2,4'-Dichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.18 g, 0.36 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH and

H

2 0 (9 mL /1 mL) and KOH (0.2 g, 3.6 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and after cooling the solvent was evaporated. Then, 6 N HCl was added to adjust the pH to 5 and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 2-(2,4'-dichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid as a yellowish solid (0.15 g, 93%). M.p. = 52-53 0 C. 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 10.60 (br s, 1H), 7.37 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 3.75 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 1.99-1.93 (in, 1H), 1.74-1.65 (in, 1H), 1.59-1.51 (in, 1H), 1.11-1.00 (in, 1H), 0.94 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.54-0.40 (in, 2H), 171 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0.22-0.12 (m, 2H). "C NMR (75 MHz, CDC1 3 /TMS): 6 179.7, 157.2, 139.7, 134.0, 133.4, 133.1, 131.8, 128.5, 127.9, 121.6, 111.3, 73.3, 49.4, 42.0, 25.9, 22.6, 22.3, 10.0, 3.0. Example 3201: 4-Methyl-2-(2,3',4'-trichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl) pentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 C1 C1 Step 1 4-Methyl-2-(2,3',4'-trichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester 0 C1 0 C1 C1 To a solution of 2-(3-chloro-5-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-iodo-phenyl)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.53 g, 1.11 mmol) in DME (anhydrous, 20 mL) under argon atmosphere were added 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (0.25 g, 1.30 mmol), CsF (0.41 g, 2.70 mmol), and [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II) (0.24 g, 0.33 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18h (oil bath, 100 0 C). A mixture water and EtOAc (15 mL/15 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The organic 172 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 phase was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc (20:1 9:1) to give 4-methyl-2-(2,3',4'-trichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.37 g, 70%) as a yellowish oil. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.48-7.42(m, 2H), 7.17-7.14(m, 2H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.07 3.87 (in, 2H), 3.78 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.03-1.93 (in, 1H), 1.70 1.49 (in, 2H), 1.21-1.00 (in, 2H), 0.95-0.93 (in, 6H), 0.56-0.49 (in, 4H), 0.27-0.19 (in, 4H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.4, 156.9, 141.3, 134.9, 133.6, 132.5, 131.6, 131.2, 129.9, 129.5, 126.6, 121.5, 110.8, 73.2, 69.6, 49.6, 42.6, 26.1, 22.6, 22.4, 10.0, 9.8, 3.3, 3.1. Step 2 4-Methyl-2-(2,3',4'-trichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-pentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 C1 C1 4-Methyl-2-(2,3',4'-trichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-pentanoic acid cyclopropylmethyl ester (0.37 g, 0.75 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH and

H

2 0 (9 mL/1 mL) and KOH (0.2 g, 3.6 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and after cooling the solvent was evaporated. Then, 6 N HCl was added to adjust the pH to 5, and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to give 4-methyl-2-(2,3',4'-trichloro-6-cyclopropylmethoxy-biphenyl-4-yl)-pentanoic acid as a white solid (0.30 g, 90%). M.p. = 118-119 0 C. 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 9.70 (br s, 1H), 7.47 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J= 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J= 8.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.02 1.93 (in, 1H), 1.74-1.65 (in, 1H), 1.59-1.51 (in, 1H), 1.11-1.00 (in, 1H), 0.94 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.54-0.47 (in, 2H), 0.24-0.16 (in, 2H). 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 179.4, 157.0, 140.3, 134.8, 133.9, 132.5, 131.6, 131.3, 129.9, 129.6, 127.0, 121.5, 111.1, 73.3, 49.4, 42.0, 25.9, 22.6, 22.3, 10.0, 3.1. Example 1976:2-[2,6-Bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl]-4 methyl-pentanoic acid 0 OH

CF

3 CF 3 0 0

CF

3 Step 1 5-Fluoro-2-nitro-1,3-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-benzene F

CF

3

CF

3 0 0 NO2 To a solution of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (28.2 g, 282.0 mmol) in toluene (120 mL) n-BuLi (1.6 M in hexane, 8.0 g, 80mL, 125.0 mmol) was added at 0 0 C and the reaction mixture warmed up to 25 0 C. A solution of 1,3,5-trifluoronitrobenzene (10.0 g, 56.5 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 30 h and then poured into water (100 mL). The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The organic layers were combined and dried over MgSO 4 . The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 5-fluoro-2-nitro- 1,3-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro ethoxy)-benzene as a brown oil (18.0 g, 95%). The product was used for the next step without purification. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.47 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 4H). 174 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 2 2-[4-Nitro-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-malonic acid diethyl ester 0 0 EtO OEt

CF

3 1N

CF

3 0 O

NO

2 To a solution of diethyl malonate (18.0g, 114.9 mmol) in DMF (50mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 3.0 g, 125.0 mmol) at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 0 C for 0.5 h and a solution of 5-fluoro-2-nitro-1,3-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro ethoxy)-benzene (18.0g, 53.4 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was heated 100 C for 24 h. After cooling the reaction mixture was poured into water (300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (3 x 100 mL), brine (100 mL) and dried (MgSO 4 ). Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 2-[4-nitro-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy) phenyl]-malonic acid diethyl ester as a brown oil (20.8 g, 80%). The crude product was used for the next step without purification. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.91 (s, 2H), 4.62 (s, 1H), 4.48 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 4H), 4.28-4.16 (in, 4H), 1.31-1.25 (in, 6H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 166.4, 149.2, 136.7, 132.3, 122.3 (q, 'JCF = 276.6 Hz), 109.5 (two signals), 67.0 (q, 2JCF = 36.7 Hz), 61.4, 41.6, 14.0. Step 3 [4-Nitro-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl] -acetic acid ethyl ester 0 OEt

CF

3 CF 3 0 O

NO

2 175 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Crude 2-[4-nitro-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-malonic acid diethyl ester (20.8 g, 43.6 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of AcOH / 12 N HCl (150 mL / 150 mL) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 16 h. The solvent was evaporated and water (100 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with water (3 x 100 mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a brown solid, which was washed with a mixture of Heptane / Et 2 0 (100 mL / 100 mL) to give [4-nitro-3,5-bis (2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-acetic acid ethyl ester as a solid (10.0 g, 57%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.71 (s, 2H), 4.45 (q, J= 7.7 Hz, 4H), 4.18 (q, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (s, 2H), 1.28 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 6H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 169.7, 149.6, 138.5, 132.4, 122.4 (q, 'JCF = 277.6 Hz), 109.4 (two signals), 67.0 (q, 2JCF = 37.2 Hz), 61.6, 41.4, 14.2. Step 4 [4-Amino-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl] -acetic acid ethyl ester 0 OEt

CF

3

CF

3 0 0

NH

2 [4-Nitro-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-acetic acid ethyl ester (10.0 g, 24.7 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (200 mL) and hydrogenated at 50 psi, 25'C for 16 h in the presence of Pd-C catalyst (10%, 1 g). The catalyst was filtered off and the solvent evaporated to give a crude brown oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc to give [4-amino-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro ethoxy)-phenyl]-acetic acid ethyl ester as a yellow oil (8.3 g, 90%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.52 (s, 2H), 4.37 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 4H), 4.14 (q, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (br s, 2H), 3.48 (s, 2H), 1.25 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 171.4, 145.0, 126.3, 123.2, (q, 'JCF = 277.6 Hz), 122.6, 110.0, 109.8 (two signals), 66.8 (q, 2 JCF -35.5 Hz), 61.0, 41.0, 14.2. 176 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 5 [4-Iodo-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl] -acetic acid ethyl ester 0 OEt

CF

3

CF

3 0 0 [4-Amino-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-acetic acid ethyl ester (7.1 g, 18.9 mmol) was dissolved in MeCN (50 mL) and p-TsOHxH 2 0 (11.0 g, 57.9 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was cooled down to -15 0 C and NaNO 2 (1.6 g, 23.2 mmol) in water (1 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at -15 0 C for 0.5 h; then a solution of KI (15.0 g, 93.8 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at -15 0 C for additional 0.5 h and quenched with 1 N NaHCO 3 solution to pH 9-10. After addition of 10% NaHSO 3 solution (20 mL), the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated NaCl solution, dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated to give crude a brown oil (9.0 g), which was purified by gradient column chromatography on silica gel eluting with Heptane-EtOAc (9:1-3:1) to give [4-iodo-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl] -acetic acid ethyl ester as a white solid (3.8 g, 41%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.53 (s, 2H), 4.40 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 4H), 4.16 (q, J= 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 1.26 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 170.3, 157.7, 136.7, 122.8 (q, 'JCF = 277.6 Hz), 108.9 (two signals), 78.3, 67.0 (q, 2JCF = 36.0 Hz), 61.3, 41.2, 14.2. Step 6 [2,6-Bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl] -acetic acid ethyl ester 177 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt

CF

3 CF 3 0 O

CF

3 To a solution of [4-iodo-3,5-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl] -acetic acid ethyl ester (0.8 g, 1.65 mmol) in DME (anhydrous, 15 mL) under argon atmosphere were added 4 trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.4 g, 2.10 mmol), CsF (0.6 g, 3.95 mmol), and Pd(PPh 3

)

4 (0.3 g, 0.26 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18 h (oil bath, 100 0 C). A mixture of water and EtOAc (15 mL/15 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc (20:1 - 9:1) to give [2,6-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl biphenyl-4-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester (0.54 g, 70%) as a yellowish oil. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.64 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.68 (s, 2H), 4.28-4.16 (6H), 3.63 (s, 2H), 1.29 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 170.6, 155.3, 136.1, 135.5, 131.0, 129.4, 129.0, 124.4 (q, 3JCF = 3.9 Hz), 124.2, 122.9, 119.0, 109.2 (two signals), 66.5 (q, 2JCF = 35.5 Hz), 61.3, 41.5, 14.2. Step 7 2-[2,6-Bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl]-4-methyl pentanoic acid 178 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH

CF

3 CF 3 0 O

CF

3 [2,6-Bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl] -acetic acid ethyl ester (0.52 g, 1.03 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) and sodium hydride (60% in oil, 0.05 g, 2.08 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 20 min and isobutyl bromide (0.15 g, 1.09 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at the same temperature and at 25 0 C for 15 min., followed by addition of saturated ammonium chloride solution (10 mL). The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 20 mL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3 x 20 mL), saturated sodium chloride solution (10 mL) and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation gave the crude yellow oil (0.56 g), which was purified by silica gel column chromatography with Heptane / EtOAc to give a white solid (0.24 g). The resulting solid was dissolved in EtOH (10 mL), and H 2 0 (1 mL) and potassium hydroxide (0.2 g) were added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h and solvent evaporated. Then, 6 N HCl was added to adjust the pH to 3-5 and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give 2 [2,6-Bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl]-4-methyl-pentanoic acid as a white solid (0.2 g, 40%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.65 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.72 (s, 2H), 4.24 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 4H), 3.69 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.03-1.96 (in, 1H), 1.76-1.67 (in, 1H), 1.60-1.52 (in, 1H), 0.96 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 179.3, 155.4, 140.6, 135.3, 130.9, 129.6, 129.1, 124.5 (q, 3JCF = 4 Hz), 124.2 (q, 'JCF = 272 Hz), 122.9 (q, IJCF = 278 Hz), 119.8, 107.9, 66.5 (q, 2JCF = 36 Hz), 49.7, 42.2, 25.9, 22.6, 22.3. Example 2420:2-[6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl] 3-cyclobutyl-propionic acid. 179 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH

CF

3 0

F

3 C / C Step 1 4-Fluoro-1-nitro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-benzene F

CF

3 0 NO2 To a solution of 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene (300.0 g, 1.89 mol) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (245.0 g, 2.45 mol) in toluene (600 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (90.5 g, 2.26 mol) in portions over 30 min to keep the temperature between 30 and 40 0 C. After the temperature had dropped to 30 0 C, the reaction mixture was heated to 45-50 0 C using an oil bath for additional 16 h. After cooling, water (500 mL) and 2.5 N H 2

SO

4 (200-300 mL, for adjustment of pH to 5) were added and the organic layer was separated. The water layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 300 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (100 mL) and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated to give a yellow oil, which solidified after 30 min to give a yellowish solid (450.0 g, quantitative). The crude product was used in the next step without purification. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 8.03-7.98 (in, 1H), 6.93-6.82 (in, 2H), 4.49 (q, J= 7.7 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 165.0 (d, 'JCF = 259.6 Hz), 152.3 (d, 3JCF = 13.1 Hz), 128.2 (d, 3JCF = 11.9 Hz), 122.4 (d, 'JCF = 273.4 Hz), 110.1 (d, 2JCF = 22.5 Hz), 105.9 (q, 'JCF = 242.6 Hz), 104.3 (d, 2JCF = 26.1 Hz), 67.6 (q, IJCF = 36.7 Hz). Step 2 180 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 [4-Nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-acetic acid 0 OH

CF

3 0

NO

2 Potassium hydroxide (> 85%, 176 g, > 2.67 mmol) was added to a solution of 4 fluoro-1-nitro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-benzene (412 g, ~90% purity, 1.56 mmol) and diethyl malonate (503.0 g, 3.14 mmol) in DMSO (700 mL) in portions to keep the temperature at ~ 40'C. The reaction mixture became deep red in color. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40'C overnight. Monitoring was performed by TLC (EtOAc:Hept., 1:3). Acetic acid (1 L) was added to the warm reaction mixture followed by a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid (325 mL) in water (1 L) in one portion. A precipitate, which was formed initially, dissolved at the end of the addition. Effective stirring was required for this reaction. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and EtOAc (1000 mL) and water (1000 mL) were added. The organic layer (bottom layer!) was separated. The aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (500 mL), the organic phases were combined, washed with water (3 x 2000 mL), brine (500 mL), and dried over MgSO 4 with charcoal. The solvent was evaporated and the solid residue was washed by stirring with heptane/EtOAc (20:1, 500 mL). The solid was filtered and dried in vacuum. The yield of 2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2 trifluoro-ethoxy)phenyl)acetic acid was 256 g (65%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.80 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.10 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 4.67 (q, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (s, 2H). 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 175.0, 151.5, 144.0, 140.3, 126.4, 125.0, 122.2 (d, 'JCF = 273.0 Hz), 118.0, 67.6 (q, 'JCF = 36.0 Hz), 42.5. Step 3 [4-Nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl] -acetic acid methyl ester 181 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OMe

CF

3 O

NO

2 Concentrated sulfuric acid (50 mL) was added slowly to a solution of 2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2 trifluoro-ethoxy)phenyl)acetic acid (180 g, 0.64 mol) in MeOH (500 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The methanol was evaporated and EtOAc (500 mL) was added. The solution was washed with water (2 x 200 mL) and brine and dried over MgSO 4 . The solvent was evaporated, the solid residue was stirred with heptane (200 mL), and the solid was filtered. Yield 182.2 g (96%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.82 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.05 (in, 2H), 4.47 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.67 (s, 2H). 1 3 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 170.1, 150.4, 141.2, 139.4, 125.9, 123.9, 122.6 (d, 'JCF = 277.6 Hz), 117.5, 67.6 (q, 'JCF = 36.7 Hz), 52.4, 41.0. Step 4 3-Cyclobutyl-2-[4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid methyl ester 0 OMe

CF

3 0 NO2 [4-Nitro-3 -(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl] -acetic acid methyl ester (33 g, 94.5 mmol) and (bromomethyl)cyclobutane (17 g, 114.1 mmol) were mixed in DMSO (50 mL) and KOH (6.4 g, 114.1 mmol) was added in portions over 15 min. The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h and water (100 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by silica gel gradient column chromatography using Heptane-EtOAc (9:1 - 4:1) to give 15 g (40%) of the product as a 182 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 yellow oil. (The synthesis was repeated with temperature kept at 40'C over 16 h to give the product in quantitative yield). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.86 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.09 (in, 2H), 4.50 (q, J= 7.7 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.55 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.22-2.10 (in, 2H), 2.03-1.75 (in, 5H), 1.70-1.55 (in, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 172.9, 150.5, 146.4, 139.4, 126.0, 122.7, 122.6 (d, JCF = 277.6 Hz), 116.0, 67.5 (q, 'JCF = 36.7 Hz), 52.3, 49.6, 40.7, 33.9, 28.2, 27.9, 18.4. Step 5 2-[4-Amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-3-cyclobutyl-propionic acid methyl ester. 0 OMe CF3

NH

2 A solution of the 3-cyclobutyl-2-[4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid methyl ester (15 g, 36.0 iniol) in EtOH (150 mL) was hydrogenated at 50 psi and 25 0 C for 16 h in the presence of Pd-C catalyst (10%, 1.5 g). On the next day, the catalyst was filtered off and the solvent evaporated to give the crude product (12.3 g, 88%) as a yellow oil, which was used without purification for the next step. IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 6.79-6.73 (in, 2H), 6.66 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (q, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (br s, 2H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.35 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.20-1.86 (in, 4H), 1.85-1.70 (in, 3H), 1.67-1.51 (in, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 174.7, 146.7, 135.7, 129.1, 123.3 (d, 'JCF = 277.6 Hz), 122.7, 115.4, 112.2, 66.4 (q, 'JCF = 35.4 Hz), 51.9, 48.9, 40.8, 34.0, 28.3, 28.1, 18.5. Step 6 2-[4-Amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-3-cyclobutyl-propionic acid methyl ester 183 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OMe

CF

3 Br 0

NH

2 To a solution of the 2-[4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-3-cyclobutyl propionic acid methyl ester (12.3 g, 31.8 mmol) in chloroform (150 mL) was added N bromosuccinimide (7 g, 39.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 0 C for 16 h and a mixture of water and methylene chloride (100 mL / 100 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 50 mL) and the organic phases were separated. The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by a short silica gel column chromatography eluting with heptane-EtOAc (4:1) to give the product (13.9 g, 94%) as a yellowish oil. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.06 (d, J= 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.21 (br s, 2H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.31 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.20-1.89 (in, 4H), 1.81-1.75 (in, 3H), 1.67-1.51 (in, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 174.2, 144.6, 134.4, 128.9, 125.7, 123.0 (d, 'JCF = 277.6 Hz), 110.9, 108.7, 66.5 (q, 'JCF = 36.0 Hz), 52.0, 48.6, 40.7, 33.9, 28.3, 28.0, 18.5. Step 7 2-[6-Amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl]-3 cyclobutyl-propionic acid methyl ester 0 OMe

CF

3 0 F3 C /

NH

2 To a solution of 2-[4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenyl]-3-cyclobutyl propionic acid methyl ester (13.8 g, 29.6 mmol) in DME (anhydrous, 100 mL) under 184 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 argon atmosphere were added 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (6.8 g, 35.8 mmol), CsF (11 g, 72.3 mmol), and Pd(PPh 3

)

4 (3.4 g, 2.94 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 18 h (oil bath, 100 C). On the next day, a mixture water and EtOAc (100 mL / 100 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crude yellow oil, which was purified by a short silica gel column chromatography by use of Heptane-EtOAc (4:1) to give the product (14.7 g, 94%) as a yellowish oil. 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.70 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (dd, J= 9.6, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 4.43 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (br s, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.39 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.25-2.07 (in, 2H), 2.03-1.91 (in, 2H), 1.88-1.75 (in, 3H), 1.69-1.52 (in, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 174.6, 144.8, 133.1, 129.2, 128.6, 126.3, 125.7 (q, 3JCF = 3.6 Hz), 123.8, 123.3 (q, 'JCF = 277.6 Hz), 111.4, 66.5 (q, 'JCF = 35.4 Hz), 52.0, 49.0, 40.9, 34.1, 28.3, 28.1, 18.5. Step 8 2-[6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl]-3 cyclobutyl-propionic acid methyl ester 0 OMe

CF

3 0 -CI

F

3 C / CI To a solution of 2-[6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl] 3-cyclobutyl-propionic acid methyl ester (14.7 g, 27.7 mmol) in a mixture of MeCN and

H

2 0 (120 mL / 120 mL), concentrated HCl (25 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was cooled down to 0-5 0 C and a solution of NaNO 2 (2.9 g, 42.0 mmol) in water (3 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0-5 0 C for 40 min and CuCl (I) (27 g, 272.7 mmol) was added at once. The reaction mixture was heated at 50 0 C for additional 3 h and the solvent was evaporated. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (200 mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give the product 185 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (14.5 g, 95%) as a yellow oil. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.70 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (dd, J= 6.1, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.47 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.48 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.75 (m, 5H), 1.70-1.52 (m, 2H). 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 173.6, 153.5, 142.2, 141.0, 138.9, 129.7, 125.0 (q, JCF = 3.6 Hz), 124.8, 124.0 (q, IJCF = 271.6 Hz), 126.6 (q, IJCF = 278.8 Hz), 121.4, 114.0, 67.3 (q, IJCF = 35.4 Hz), 52.2, 49.3, 40.8, 34.0, 28.3, 28.0, 18.5. Step 9 2-[6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl]-3 cyclobutyl-propionic acid O OH

CF

3 0

F

3 C CI To a solution of the 2-[6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3 yl]-3-cyclobutyl-propionic acid methyl ester (8.0 g, 14.5 mmol) in a mixture of the EtOH (100 mL) and H 2 0 (15 mL) was added potassium hydroxide (10 g, 178.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 h and the solvent evaporated. Then, 6 N HCl was added to adjust the pH to 3-5 and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give 2-[6 chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-3-yl]-3-cyclobutyl propionic acid as a white solid (7.0 g, 90%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.70 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (s, 2H), 4.47 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.27-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.73 (m, 5H), 1.71-1.52 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 179.1, 153.6, 142.1, 141.2, 138.0, 129.7, 125.0 (q, 3JCF = 3.6 Hz), 124.9, 124.0 (q, IJCF = 262.5 Hz), 123.0 (q, IJCF = 277.6 Hz), 121.8, 114.3, 67.3 (q, JCF = 36.0 Hz), 49.3, 40.3, 33.9, 28.3, 28.0, 18.5. 186 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Example 415: 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 /

CF

3

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate 0 OEt CI O H To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (20g, 0.076molo) in 200ml of DCM was added MeOH (3.4ml, 0.84mol). The mixture was brought to reflux and sulfuryl chloride (6.8ml 0.846mol) dissolved in DCM (50 mL) was slowly added under over 10min. The reaction mixture was refluxed further for 5h, upon which the reaction mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with DCM (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with 10 %NaHCO 3 solution and water. The organic layer was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under vacuum to give compound ethyl 2-(3 chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate in 60% yield. (13.6g). Step 2 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate 0 OEt Br CI O H 187 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 To a stirred solution of compound ethyl 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate (11 g, 51 mmol) in 200ml of CCl 4 , was slowly added bromine (8.22 g, 51 mmol) as a solution CCl 4 (100ml) at 0 0 C over a period of 30min. The reaction mixture was stirred for a further 30min at 0 0 C. Upon which the reaction mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with DCM (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water followed by 10% sodium bisulfite solution, dried over Na 2

SO

4 filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate (12.2 g) as a white solid in 80 % yield. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.37 (s,1H); 7.27 (s,1H); 5.68 (bs, 1H); 4.16 (q, 2H); 3.48 (s, 2H); 1.29 (t, 3H). Step 3 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-acetate 0 OEt Br CI 0)

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate (2 g, 6.8 mmol), potassium carbonate (2.35 g, 17.0 mmol) in dry DMF (20 mL), was slowly added trifluoro ethyl iodide (8.58 g, 4.0 mL, 40.8 mmol) at room temperature, the reaction mixture was slowly heated to 100 0 C and heating was continued for 4h. Upon which the reaction mixture was poured onto water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to gave compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-acetate (0.750 g, 30 % yield). 'HNMR (CDCl 3 , 400 MHz): 7.43 (s, 1H); 7.34 (s, 1H); 4.4 (q, 2H), 4.13 (q, 2H); 3.55 (t, 1H); 1.93 (in, 1H), 1.58 (in, 1H); 1.45 (in, 1H); 1.24 (t, 3H), 0.92 (d, 6H); Step 4 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate 188 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt C1 0 /

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-acetate (0.750 g, 2.0 mmol), 4-trifluoromethyl phenylboronic acid (0.567 g, 3.0 mmol), Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.231 g, 0.2 mmol), cesium fluoride (0.604 g, 4.0 mmol) in DME (10 ml) was stirred overnight at 100 0 C, upon which the precipitates were removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water followed by brine and dried over Na 2

SO

4 . The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography to give ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.525 g, 73.6%) as an off white solid. Step 5 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate 0 OEt C1 0/

CF

3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (1.0 g, 2.27 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (80mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.109 g, 2.72 mmol) was added at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature, upon which cyclopropyl methyl bromide (0.24 mL, 2.5 mmol) was added in a dropwise manner at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C upon which saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with 189 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give colorless oil, which was purified by flash column chromatography to yield compound ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (0.68 g). Step 6 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid 0 OH CI 0 /

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (0.68g, 0.4 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (100 mg, 4.6 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (15ml/15ml/15/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid in 88% yield (0.4 g).IH-NMR (CDCl 3 , 500MHz): 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.43 (s, 1H); 7.24 (s, 1H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 3.72 (t, 1H); 1.94 (in, 1H), 1.78 (in, 1H); 0.71 (in, 1H), 0.46 (in, 2H), 0.02-0.19 (in, 2H). Example 1269: 1-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl-1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(Trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-cyclo butane carboxylate 190 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt C1 0 / " CF 3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (1.5g, 3.4 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.163 g, 6.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and 1,3-dibromopropane (0.757 g, 3.7 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional lh at 0 'C and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield compound ethyl-1-(5 chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-cyclo butane carboxylate (400 mg). Step 2 1-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid 0 OH C1 0 /

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl-i -(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)-cyclo butane carboxylate (400mg, 0.83 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.2g, 8.3 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOml/lOml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. Upon completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed 191 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- cyclobutane carboxylic acid in 88% yield (0.21 g). 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.39 (s, 1H); 7.26 (s, 1H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 2.86 (in, 2H); 2.52 (in, 2H); 2.16 (in, 1H), 1.91 (in, 1H). Example 419: 1-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclopentane carboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- cyclo pentane carboxylate 0 OEt C1 0/

CF

3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.8 g, 1.81 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.109 g, 4.5 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and 1,4-dibromobutane (0.432 g, 1.99 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C upon which saturated

NH

4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield compound ethyl 1-(5 chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- cyclo pentane carboxylate (400 mg) as a thick liquid. 192 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step2 1-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclopentane carboxylic acid 0 OH CI 1 0CF 3

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- cyclo pentane carboxylate (100mg, 0.21 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (96mg, 2.1 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (5ml/5ml5/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-cyclopentane carboxylic acid (0.05 g). 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 500MHz): 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.56 (s, 1H); 7.34 (s, 1H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 2.68 (in, 2H); 1.94 (in, 2H); 1.78 (in, 4H). Example 3202: 4-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl 4-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate 193 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt C1 0CF 3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.4 g, 3.4 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.163 g, 6.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and 1-iodo-2-(2-iodoethoxy)ethane (1.2 g, 3.7 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C and saturated

NH

4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield ethyl 4-(5-chloro-6 (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4 carboxylate (400 mg). Step 2 4-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)tetrahydro 2H-pyran-4-carboxylic acid 0 OH C1 0

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 4-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate (400mg, 0.78 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.188g, 7.8 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (5ml/5ml5/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of reaction volatiles were 194 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 removed under reduced pressure. Residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). Combined organic layer was washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 4-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylic acid (100 mg).

1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.56 (s, 1H); 7.34 (s, 1H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 3.61 (t, 2H); 2.53 (dd, 2H); 1.99 (in, 2H). Example 3203: 1-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 4,4 dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylate 0 OEt CI 0C F3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.5 g, 1.13 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.113 g, 2.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and 3,3-dimethyl-1,5-dibromopentane (0.322 g, 1.25 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C and saturated

NH

4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield compound ethyl 1-(5 chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 4,4 dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylate (230 mg). Step 2 195 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4,4 dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid 0 OH 0CF 3

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylate (200mg, 0.37 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (88mg, 3.7 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (5ml/5ml5/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4,4-dimethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid in 67% yield (150 mg). 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.56 (s, 1H); 7.34 (s, 1H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 2.48 (dd, 2H); 1.88 (in, 2H); 1.41 (in, 4H), 0.98 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 3H). Example 1270: 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclohexane carboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclohexanecarboxylate 196 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt C1CF 3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.5g, 1.13 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.113 g, 2.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and 1,5-dibromopentane (0.19 g, 1.24 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield compound ethyl 1-(5 chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclohexanecarboxylate (0.37 g) as a thick liquid. Step 2 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- cyclohexane carboxylic acid 0 OH CI 0

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)- cyclohexanecarboxylate (0.37g, 0.72 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.174g, 7.28 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (1Oml/lOml/lOml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of reaction volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl 197 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 1-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- cyclohexane carboxylic acid (0.25g) as a white solid.

1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.55 (s, 1H); 7.34 (s, 1H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 2.48 (dd, 2H); 1.52-1.81 (in, 6H); 1.33 (in, 2H). Example 1271: 5-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) spiro[2,3]hexane-5-carboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl 5-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) spiro[2,3]hexane-5-carboxylate 0 OEt CI

CF

3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.6 g, 1.36 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.136 g, 3.4 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and 1,1-bis(bromomethyl)cyclopropane (0.482 g, 1.4 mmol, for preparation see J. Org. Chem 1993, 58, 4122-26) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (10mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield compound ethyl 5-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- spiro[2,3]hexane-5-carboxylate (150 mg) as a low melting solid. Step 2 198 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 5-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) spiro[2,3]hexane-5-carboxylic acid 0 OH CI1 0 ) CF 3 CF3 A mixture of ethyl 5-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)- spiro[2,3]hexane-5-carboxylate (0.5g, 0.9 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.415g, 9.88 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOml/lOml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of reaction volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. Residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 5-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- spiro[2,3]hexane-5-carboxylic acid (0.29 g).

1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.41 (s, 1H); 7.21 (s, 1H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 2.95 (d, 2H); 2.75 (d, 2H), 0.58 (t, 2H), 0.48 (t, 2H). Example 1268: 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 3-cyclobutylpropanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 3 cyclobutylpropanoate 0 OEt CI 0/

CF

3

CF

3 199 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.6g, 0.49 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.039 g, 1.69 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and cyclobutylmethyl bromide (0.223 g, 1.49 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C and saturated

NH

4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6 (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 3-cyclobutylpropanoate (0.25 g) as a colorless liquid. Step 2 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 3 cyclobutylpropanoic acid 0 OH C1N

CF

3 CF3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)- 3-cyclobutylpropanoate (0.25g, 0.49 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.206g, 4.9 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOml/lOml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of reaction volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. Residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 3-cyclobutylpropanoic acid (0.106g) 200 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 as a white solid. 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.41 (s, 1H); 7.18 (s, 1H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 3.51 (t, 1H); 2.15-2.28 (in, 2H); 1.55-2.15 (in, 7H). Example 1272: 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 2-cyclopentylacetic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 2 cyclopentylacetate 0 OEt C1l

CF

3

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.8g, 1.8 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (40mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.052 g, 2.18 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and cyclopentyl bromide (0.298 g, 1.99 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield compound ethyl 2-(5 chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 2-cyclopentylacetate (0.4 mg) as a thick liquid. Step 2 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-2 cyclopentylacetic acid 201 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH C1N

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)- 2-cyclopentylacetate (400mg, 0.78mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.330g, 7.87 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOml/lOml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of reaction volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid (0.08g).'H NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): 12.5 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, 2H); 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.55 (s, 1H); 7.35 (s, 1H); 4.22 (q, 2H); 3.3.35 (d, 1H); 1.82 (in, 1H); 1.18-1.68 (in, 7H); 1.08 (in, 1H). Example 3204: 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 3-(4 fluorophenyl)propanoate F 0 OR OEt CI 0/

CF

3

CF

3 202 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (0.6 g, 1.36 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30mL), NaH (60% wt. in paraffin oil, 0.039 g, 1.36 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature and cyclopentyl bromide (0.283 g, 1.49 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was stirred an additional lh at 0 'C and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 . The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to yield compound ethyl 2-(5 chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 3-(4 fluorophenyl)propanoate (0.29 g) as a colorless liquid. Step 2 2-(5-Chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 3-(4 fluorophenyl)propanoic acid F 0 OH CI 0 /

CF

3 CF3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)- 3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanoate (400mg, 0.719 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.306g, 7.29 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOml/lOml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of reaction volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2 (5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)- 3-(4 203 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 fluorophenyl)propanoic acid (0.1g). 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): 7.55-7.78 (m, 4H); 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H); 6.92-7.16 (m, 4H); 3.98 (q, 2H); 3.84 (t, 1H); 3.41 (dd, 1H), 3.02 (dd, 1H). Example 1905: 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl) 3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid 0 OH C1 0

CF

3 Step 1 2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene F 0

NO

2 Cyclopropyl methanol (15 g, 207 mmol) was added to a stirred suspension of NaH (60% in mineral oil, 8.37g) in 200mL THF over a period of 15 min at 0 0 C under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for lh at RT. The mixture was cooled to 0 0 C and a solution of 2,4-difluoro-1 nitrobenzene (30 g, 187 mmol) in 200mL THF was added in a drop wise manner. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 2h and then poured onto ice water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3xlOOmL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 22.Og of 2 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene as an orange oil (86%). Step 2 Diethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)malonate 204 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 0 EtO OEt 0

NO

2 Diethyl malonate (9.8 g, 1.1 eq) was added to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 2.09 g) in DMF (88 mL) over 15min. at 0 0 C under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for lh. A solution of 2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene (10 g, 1 eq) in DMF (88 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was heated to 100 0 C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, poured into ice water and extracted with EtOAc (3x1OOmL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (3xlOOmL) and brine (100mL),dried (MgSO 4 ) and filtered. Evaporation of the volatiles under reduced pressure gave 10.0g of crude product which was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) gave of diethyl 2-(3 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)malonate (7.0g). 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 200 MHz): 0.4 (in, 2H), 0.71 (in, 2H), 1.3 (in, 1H), 1.3 (t, 6H), 3.96 (d, 2H), 4.25 (q, 4H), 4.5 (s, 1H), 7.02 (d, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, 2H). Step 3 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) acetic acid 0 OH 0

NO

2 Compound diethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)malonate (10 g) was dissolved in 100 mL ethanol and cooled to 0 0 C, NaOH solution (4eq) was added slowly to the reaction mixture for about 15 min. The reaction mixture was heated gently up to 60 0 C for 5 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC analysis. After complete conversion of starting material solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, residue 205 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 dissolved in H 2 0, acidified with 6N HCl to pH-2. Filtered the solid material washed with water, dried under reduced pressure to give 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) acetic acid (6.5 g) as a yellow solid. IH-NMR (CDCl 3 , 200 MHz): 0.36 (in, 2H), 0.58 (in, 2H), 1.28 (in, 1H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 4.01 (d, 2H), 7.02 (d, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H). Step 4 Ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetate 0 OEt 0

NO

2 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) acetic acid (40 g, 143 mmol) was dissolved in 20 % EtOH-HCl solution (200ml) and refluxed for 3 h to convert the starting material to ester. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (x2). The combined organic extracts were washed with water, dried (Na 2

SO

4 ), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by re crystallization to ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetate (38 g) as pale yellow solid. Step 5 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate 0 OEt 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of compound ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetate (10 g), in dry MeOH (100 mL), Pd(OH) 2 (2g) was added and the mixture was reduced under an H 2 atmosphere for 6 h at room temperature. The mixture was filtered a pad of CeliteTM washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced 206 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 pressure to yield ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate (7.5 g) as a thick liquid. 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 200 MHz): 0.38 (in, 2H), 0.61 (in, 2H), 1.23 (in, 1H), 1.23 (t, 3H), 3.51 (s, 2H), 3.80 (d, 2H), 4.16 (q, 2H), 6.72 (in, 3H). Step 6 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate 0 OEt C1 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate (1.2 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry CCl 4 (60 mL), NCS (0.427 g, 3.2 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM (2x50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and the volatiles removed in vacuo. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to give ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate (920 mg) as a yellow solid. Step 7 Ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-iodophenyl)acetate 0 OEt C1 0 Ethyl-2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-acetate (2.5g, 10.0 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of EtOH / H 2 0 / H 2

SO

4 (96%) 200mL / 400mL / 10 mL at 0 0 C. A solution of NaNO 2 (3.2g, 1.16 eq) in water (40mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min at the same temperature. A solution of KI (30 g, 30.1 mmol) in water (80mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 50'C for 2.5h upon which the volatiles were remoeved under reduced 207 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 pressure. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate (2x5OmL), water (300 mL) and brine (300mL). The organic solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude black oil which was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the product ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) 4-iodophenyl)acetate as a yellow oil (8.7 g). Step 8 Ethyl 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)acetate 0 OR OEt CI 0

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-iodophenyl)acetate (5.lg, 14 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (3.36 g, 17 mmol), CsF (0.28g, 1.84 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.410 g, 0.4 mmol) in 75 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and 75mL of EtOAc and 75mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over NaSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(2 chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)acetate (4.6 g) as a yellow oil. 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 200 MHz): 0.41 (in, 2H), 0.62 (in, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H), 1.23 (in, 1H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.89 (d, 2H), 4.17 (q, 2H), 6.96 (in, 2H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.64 (in, 4H). Step 9 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid 208 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH C1 0

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)acetate (1.1 g, 2.4 mmol) was dissolved in lOmL anhydrous DMF and NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.9 g) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and cyclopropyl methyl bromide (1.25 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional lh at 0 0 C upon which saturated NH 4 Cl solution (10mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and the volatiles removed under reduced pressure to give 0.85 g of a colorless oil. The oil was dissolved in 1 OmL of EtOH/H 2 0 (9:1, v/v) and (1.0g) LiOH added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave 2-(2-chloro-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid (0.42 g) as a white solid, L-21-1 (56%). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 3.75 (d, 2H), 3.62 (t, 1H), 1.96(m, 1H), 1.08 (in, 1H), 0.84 (in, 1H), 0.44 (in, 4H), 0.16 (in, 4H). Example 1908 1-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl) cyclobutanecarboxylic acid 209 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH CI 0

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)acetate (0.5 g,) was dissolved in 1OmL anhydrous DMF and NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.13g, mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and 1,3-dibromopropane (1.5 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and upon which saturated NH 4 Cl solution (10mL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 240 mg of a colorless oil. The oil was dissolved in 1OmL of EtOH/H 2 0 (9:1, v/v) and 0.42 g LiOH added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified via column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) to give 1-(2-chloro-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl)-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (0.2 10 g) as a white solid (52 %yield). 'H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, 2H), 2.88 (in, 2H), 2.58 (in, 2H), 2.16 (in, 1H), 1.97 (in, 1H), 1.03 (in, 1H), 0.46 (in, 2H), 0.18 (m,2H). Example 1909 1-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl) cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 210 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH C1 0

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)acetate (0.5g) was dissolved in 1OmL anhydrous DMF and NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.13g, mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and 1,4 dibromobutane (0.24g) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 380 mg of colorless oil. The oil was dissolved in 1OmL of EtOH/H 2 0 (9:1, vvl) and 1.Og LiOH added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave 1-(2-chloro-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl)-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid(0.210 g) as a white solid (60%). 'H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, 2H), 2.66 (in, 2H), 1.97 (in, 2H), 1.79 (in, 4H), 1.03 (in, 1H), 0.46 (d, 2H), 0.18 (d, 2H). Example 2491: 2-(6-Chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid 211 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 OH 0

F

3 C Step 1 Ethyl 3-cyclopropyl-2-(3(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)propanoate 0 OEt 0

NO

2 Ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetate (5g, 17.9 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL anhydrous DMF, NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.475 g, 19.7 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and cyclopropylmethyl bromide (2.67 g, 19.7mmol) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 3-cyclopropyl-2-(3(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)propanoate (4 g) as a colorless oil. Step 2 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate 0 OR 0

NH

2 212 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 To a stirred solution of ethyl 3-cyclopropyl-2-(3(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4 nitrophenyl)propanoate (4.0 g), in dry MeOH (100 mL), Pd(OH) 2 (2g) was added and the mixture was reduced under an atmosphere of H 2 for 6 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of CeliteTM washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield ethyl 2-(4-amino-3 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (3.5 g) as a thick liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate 0 OEt Br 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (3.0 g, 9.8 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 (50 mL), NBS (1.4 g, 7.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM (2x50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to yield the ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (1.5 g) as a yellow solid. Step 4 Ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate 213 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 OEt 0 F3C

NH

2 A mixture of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (2.8g, 7.2 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (2.05 g, 18.8 mmol), CsF (2.19 g, 14.5 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.837 g, 0.72 mmol) in 30 mL anhydrous 1,2 dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, and 75mL of EtOAc and 75mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over NaSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (2.5 g) as a yellow oil. Step 5 Ethyl 2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate OEt 0

F

3 C / CI Ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (1 g, 2.2 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeCN / H 2 0 / HCl 30 mL / 30mL / 2 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.200 g, 2.9 mmol) in water (10mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of CuCl (1.1 g, 11.1 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 'C for 2.0 h and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc 214 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (3x5OmL), the combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL) followed by brine (50mL),was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude black oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (1.1 g) as a yellow oil. Step 6 2-(6-Chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid OH 0

F

3 C 2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (80 mg) was dissolved in lOmL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (1OmL/lOmL/5mL) and 57 mg LiOH added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave compound 2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid (45 mg) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 6.95 (d, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 3.97 (d, 2H), 3.64 (t, 1H), 2.55 (in, 2H), 1.96(m, 1H), 1.08 (in, 1H), 0.84 (in, 1H), 0.44 (in, 4H), 0.16 (in, 4H). Example 2494: 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid 215 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH 0 -CI

F

3 C Step 1 Ethyl 1-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0

NO

2 Ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetate (5g, 17.9 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL anhydrous DMF, NaH (60% wt. in oil, 1.43 g, 35.9 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and 1,3- dibromopropane (1.91 mL, 17.9 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 1-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (2.8 g) as a colorless oil. Step 2 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4 nitrophenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (2.8 g), in dry MeOH (100 mL), Pd(OH) 2 (1.2 g) 216 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 was added and the reaction mixture was reduced under an atmosphere of H 2 for 6 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of CeliteTM washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (2.4 g) as a thick liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt Br 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl) cyclobutanecarboxylate (2.4 g, 8.3 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 (50 mL), NBS (1.4 g, 7.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic extracts were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (1.5 g) as a yellow solid. Step 4 Ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt "N 0

F

3 C / H2 A mixture of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl) cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.32 g, 0.86 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.246 217 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 g, 1.3 mmol), CsF (0.262 g, 1.7 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.1 g, 0.08 mmol) in 10 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and 25mL of EtOAc and 75mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.290 g) as a yellow oil. Step 5 Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt N 0 -0 CI '

F

3 C / CI Ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.280 g, 0.64 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeCN / H 2 0 / HCl 10 mL / 1OmL / 4 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.066 g, 0.96 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of CuCl (0.32 g, 3.2 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 'C for 1 h and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL) followed by brine (50mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated to give crude black oil which was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.11 Og) as yellow oil. Step 6 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid 218 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH 0 -CI

F

3 C / CI Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.1 g) dissolved in MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (1OmL/lOmL/5mL) and 70 mg LiOH added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOmL). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave 1-(6-chloro-5 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (75 mg) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 3.97 (d, 2H), 2.85 (in, 2H), 2.54 (in, 2H), 2.13 (in, 1H), 1.92 (in, 1H), 1.35 (t, 1H), 0.47 (in, 2H), 0.41 (in, 2H). Example 2495: 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 0 OH 0

F

3 C CI Step 1 Ethyl 1-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 219 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt 0

NO

2 Ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetate (0.5g) was dissolved in lOmL anhydrous DMF and NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.13g, mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and 1,4-dibromobutane (0.24g, mmol) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 1 (3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (380 mg) as a colorless oil. Step 2 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4 nitrophenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (10 g), in dry MeOH (100 mL) Pd (OH) 2 (2g) was added and the mixture was reduced under an atmosphere of H 2 for 6 h at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through a pad of CeliteTM, washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield ethyl 1-(4 amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (7.5 g) as a thick liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 220 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt Br 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (1.2 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry CCl 4 (60 mL), NBS (0.427 g, 3.2 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 at room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic extracts were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (920 mg) as a yellow solid. Step 4 Ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OEt 'N 0

-NH

2

F

3 C / NH2 A mixture of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (5.1 g, 14 mmol), 4 trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (3.36 g, 17 mmol), CsF (0.28g, 1.84 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.410 g, 0.4 mmol) in 75 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 75mL of EtOAc and 75mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 1-(6-amino-5 221 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (4.6 g) as a yellow oil. Step 5 Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0 -CI

F

3 C /CCI Ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (1 g, 2.2 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeCN / H 2 0 / HCl 30 mL / 30mL / 2 mL at 0 0 C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.200 g, 2.9 mmol) in water (1OmL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of CuCl (1.1 g, 11.1 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 'C for 2.0 h and the solvent was evaporated. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL) followed by brine (50mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to givea crude black oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate as yellow oil (1.1 g). Step 6 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 0 OH 0

F

3 C CI 222 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl) cyclopentanecarboxylate (80 mg) dissolved in 1OmL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (1OmL/1OmL/5mL) and 57 mg LiOH added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave 1-(6 chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclopentane carboxylic acid (45 mg) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 3.97 (d, 2H), 2.64 (in, 2H), 1.95 (in, 2H), 1.77 (in, 4H), 1.21 (in, 1H), 0.45 (in, 2H), 0.18 (in, 2H); Example 2419: 2-(6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid OH 0

F

3 C CI CF 3 Step 1 Ethyl 3-cyclopropyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)propanoate 0 OEt

NO

2 KCF Ethyl 2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (2 g, 6.5 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL anhydrous DMF, NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.171 g, 7.1 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The 223 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and cyclopropylmethyl bromide (0.967 g, 7.16 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 3-cyclopropyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)propanoate (1.05 g) as a colorless oil. Step 2 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate 0 OEt 'NH 0

NH

2 KCF3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 3-cyclopropyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)propanoate (1.0 g), in dry MeOH (100 mL) Pd(OH) 2 (500 mg) was added and the mixture was reduced under an atmosphere of H 2 for 6 h at room temperature. The mixture was filtered off through a pad of CeliteTM, washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 2 (4-amino-3 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (0.9 g) as a thick liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate 0 OEt Br 0

NH

2 CF 224 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (0.9 g, 2.7 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 (50 mL), NBS (0.412 g, 2.3 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3h at room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure.The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to give ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (1.02 g) as a yellow solid. Step 4 Ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate O OEt 0

F

3 C / NH2 CF3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (1.1, 3.3 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (1.26 g, 6.7 mmol), CsF (1.26 g, 8.3 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.38 g, 0.33 mmol) in 50 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 50mL of EtOAc and 50 mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (0.85 g, 82 % yield) as a white solid. Step 5 Ethyl 2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate 225 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 OR 0 OEt 0

F

3 C

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (0.85 g, 1.78 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeCN / H 2 0 / HCl 15 mL / 15 mL / 2 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.185 g, 2.68 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of CuCl (1.8 g, 17.8 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 'C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL) followed by brine (50mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)-3 -cyclopropylpropanoate (0.528 g) as a yellow oil. Step 6 2-(6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid O OH 0

F

3 C C CF3 The ethyl 2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (500 mg, 1.01 mmol) dissolved in 20mL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (1OmL/lOmL/5mL) and LiOH (57 mg ) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (10mL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OmL). The combined 226 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave 2-(6 chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (250 mg) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.72 (d, 2H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 4.44 (q, 2H), 3.72 (t, 1H), 1.92 (in, 1H), 1.79 (in, 1H), 1.08 (in, 1H), 0.66 (in, 1H), 0.44 (in, 2H), 0.16 (in, 2H). Example 2422: Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl 3-yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0

F

3 C

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 1-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0

NO

2 KCF Ethyl 2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (3 g, 9.7 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL anhydrous DMF, NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.514 g, 10.7 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at 25 'C and 1,3- dibromopropane (1.03 mL, 9.7 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 1-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (900 mg) as a colorless oil. 227 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 2 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0

NH

2 KCF To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (900 mg), in dry MeOH (50 mL), Pd(OH) 2 (400 mg) was added and the mixture reduced under an atmosphere of H 2 for 6 h at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through a pad of CeliteTM washing with MeOH, the combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield ethyl 1 (4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (800 mg) as a thick liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt Br 0

NH

2 KCF To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (2.4 g, 8.3 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 (50 mL), NBS (1.4 g, 7.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hat room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic solvents were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under educed pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to give ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (1.5 g) as a yellow solid. Step 4 228 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt OR 0

F

3 C 4 H 2 CF3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.32 g, 0.86 mmol), 4 trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.246 g, 1.3 mmol), CsF (0.262 g, 1.7 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.1 g, 0.08 mmol) in 10 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 25mL of EtOAc and 75mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.290 g) as a yellow oil. Step 5 Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0 C1

F

3 C

CF

3 Ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.280 g, 0.64 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeCN /

H

2 0 / HCl 10 mL / 1OmL / 4 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.066 g, 0.96 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of CuCl (0.32 g, 3.2 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 'C for 1 h and the 229 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 solvent was evaporated. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL) followed by brine (50mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated to give oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5 (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate as a yellow oil (0.110 g). Step 6 1-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid 0 OH 0

F

3 C / C CF 3 Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.1 g) dissolved in MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (1OmL/lOmL/5mL) and 70 mg LiOH added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave 1-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (75 mg) of the product as a white solid. 'H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.53 (d, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 4.43 (q, 2H), 2.88 (in, 2H), 2.54 (in, 2H), 2.15 (in, 1H), 1.93 (in, 1H) Example 2423: 1-(6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 230 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH 0

F

3 C CI CF 3 Step 1 Ethyl 1-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate OR 0 OEt 0

NO

2 KCF Ethyl 2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (0.5g, mmol) was dissolved in 1OmL anhydrous DMF and NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.13g, mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and 1,4-dibromobutane (0.24g, mmol) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated

NH

4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL),dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 1-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl) cyclopentane carboxylate (380 mg) as a colorless oil. Step 2 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0

NH

2 KCF3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl) cyclopentane carboxylate (10 g), in dry MeOH (100 mL) Pd(OH) 2 (2g) was added and reduced under 231 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 an atmosphere of H 2 for 6 h at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through a pad of CeliteTM washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (7.5 g ) as a thick liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OEt Br 0

NH

2 KCF To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (1.2 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry CCl 4 (60 mL), NBS (0.427 g, 3.2 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to give ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (920 mg) as a yellow solid. Step 4 Ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OR OEt 0

F

3 C / NH2 CF3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (5.1 g, 14 mmol), 4 trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (3.36 g, 17 mmol), CsF (0.28g, 1.84 mmol) and Pd(PPh 3

)

4 (0.410 g, 0.4 mmol) in 75 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed 232 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 75mL of EtOAc and 75mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (4.6 g ) as a yellow oil. Step 5 Ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OEt 0 C1

F

3 C

CF

3 Ethyl 1-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (1 g, 2.2 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeCN / H 2 0 / HCl 30 mL / 30mL / 2 mL at 0 0 C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.200 g, 2.9 mmol) in water (1OmL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of CuCl (1.1 g, 11.1 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 90 'C for 2.0 h and the solvent was evaporated. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL) followed by brine (50mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclopentane carboxylate (1 .lg) as yellow oil. Step6 1-(6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 233 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH 0

F

3 C

CF

3 The ethyl 1-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclopentane carboxylate (80 mg) dissolved in lOmL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (1OmL/lOmL/5mL) and 57 mg LiOH added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave 1-(6 Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclopentane carboxylic acid (45 mg) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 4.44 (q, 2H), 2.66 (in, 2H), 1.98 (in, 2H), 1.78 (in, 4H). Example 2418: 2-(6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 4-methylpentanoic acid 0 OH O OCF 3

F

3 C C Step 1 Ethyl 4-methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)pentanoate 234 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt 0

CF

3

NO

2 Ethyl 2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (4 g, 16.2 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL anhydrous DMF and NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.846 g, 21.1 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and isobutyl bromide (2.12 mL, 19.5 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 4-methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)pentanoate (1.5 g) as a colorless oil. Step 2 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate 0 OEt 0

CF

3

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 4-methyl-2-(4-nitro-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)pentanoate (1.5 g), in dry MeOH (100 mL), Pd(OH) 2 (500 mg) was added and the mixture reduced under an atmosphere of H 2 for 6 h at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through a pad of CeliteTM washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 2-(4 amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (1.2 g) as a thick liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate 235 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OR OEt Br 0 CF 3

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.750 g, 2.2 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 (100 mL), NBS (0.320 g, 1.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to give ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (700 mg) as a yellow solid. Step 4 Ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate OR 0 OEt 0- -CF 0 CF 3

F

3 C /

NH

2 A mixture of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.70 g, 1.6 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.642 g, 3.39 mmol), CsF (0.641 g, 4.2 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.196 g, 0.16 mmol) in 40 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 35mL of EtOAc and 35mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)-4 methylpentanoate (650 mg) as a colorless liquid. Step 5 236 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Ethyl 2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethy)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate OR 0 OEt O OCF 3

F

3 C C Ethyl 2-(6-amino-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (640 mg, 1.3 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of MeCN / H 2 0 / HCl 15 mL / 15mL / 1 mL at 0 0 C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.138 g, 2.0 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of CuCl (1.32 g, 13.4 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 80 'C for 2 h and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL) followed by brine (50mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated to give crude black oil which was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the ethyl 2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (380 mg) as a yellow solid. Step 6 2-(6-Chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid O OH O OCF 3 F3C / CI Ethyl 2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (320 mg, 0.647 mmol) was dissolved in a MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (1OmL/lOmL/5mL) mixture, LiOH (163 mg, 3.88 mmol) was added. The reaction 237 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification was achived by re-crystallization in hexane/ether mixture to give 2-(6-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 4-methylpentanoic acid (220 mg) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.01 (s, 2H), 4.44 (q, 2H), 3.68 (t, 1H), 1.98 (in, 2H), 1.61 (in, 1H), 1.54 (in, 1H), 0.95 (d, 6H) Example 1277: 2-(5-Chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoic acid OH C1

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 0 OEt C1 OH To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (25 g, 138 mmol) in 375ml of DCM, sulfuryl chloride (9.48 mL 118 mmol) was slowly added at 0 0 C over a period of 30min. Diethyl ether (19.6 mL) was slowly added reaction mixture at 0 0 C and stirring was continued for 30 min at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to 15 0 C for lh. After completion of reaction, the mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with DCM (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with 10% NaHCO 3 solution followed by water. The organic layer was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated 238 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 under vacuum to give compound ethyl 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (15 g) as a thick oil. Step 2 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 0 OEt Br CI OH To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (15 g, 69 mmol) in CCl 4 (270 mL), bromine (11.1 g, 69 mmol) was added slowly (dissolved in 140 mL of CCl 4 ) at -10 0 C over a period of 30min. The reaction mixture was stirred for another 1 h at -10 0 C. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with DCM (x2). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated Na 2

S

2 0 3 solution, water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by re-crystallization using hexane to yield compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (7 g, 7 g starting material recovered) as a white solid. Step 3 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate 0 OEt Br CI 0.

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (6.5 g, 22 mmol), in DMF (100 mL), K 2 C0 3 (7.67 g, 55.6 mmol) was added. Trifluoroethyl iodide (13.16 mL, 133 mmol) was added in a drop wise manner to the reaction mixture at RT. The mixture was then heated at 60 0 C for 4h. After completion of reaction, the mixture 239 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by column chromatography to give compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (6.5 g) as a white solid. Step 4 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate 0 o Et Br CI

CF

3 To a suspension of NaH (0.327 g, 60% in paraffin oil, 8.1 mmol) in DMF (100 mL), slowly added a mixture of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (3.0 g, 6.8 mmol) and cyclopropyl methylbromide (0.718 mL, 7.5 mmol) dissolved in DMF (20 mL) at 0 0 C for 15min under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The reaction mixture was allowed stir at 0 0 C for 15 min, upon which the mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by Flash column chromatography to give compound ethyl 2-(3 -bromo-5 -chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (2.35 g) as a thick syrup. Step 5 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate 240 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 Et CI 0

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (500 mg, 1.15 mmol), 4-methyl phenylboronic acid (0.237 g, 1.74 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(0.134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (375 mg,) as a thick oil. Step 7 2-(5-Chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid OH CI

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (370 mg, 0.84 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (282 mg, 6.7 mmol) in MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOmlI1O/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The esidue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were 241 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-4' methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (200 mg) as a white solid. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.21-7.42 (in, 6H); 3.87 (q, 2H); 3.65 (t, 1H); 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.93 (in, 1H); 1.88 (in, 1H); 0.66 (in, 1H); 0.42 (in, 2H); 0.12 (in, 1H); 0.1 (in, 1H). Example 1289: 2-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropy propanoate o Et CI

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (500 mg, 1.15 mmol), 4-ethyl phenylboronic acid (225 mg, 1.74 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(0.134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (400 mg) as a thick oil. Step 2 2-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid 242 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 OH CI

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoate (400 mg, 0.88 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (222 mg, 5.2 mmol) in MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOmlI1O/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl 6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid (200 mg) as awhite solid. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.22 (d, 2H)7.20 (s, 1H), 3.85 (q, 2H); 3.66 (t, 1H); 2.73 (q, 2H), 1.93 (in, 1H); 1.88 (in, 1H); 1.29 (t, 3H), 0.66 (in, 1H); 0.42 (in, 2H); 0.12 (in, 1H); 0.05 (in, 1H). Example 1313: 2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoate O Et CI SO

CF

3 243 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 A mixture of compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (500 mg, 1.15 mmol), 4-thiomethyl phenylboronic acid (293 mg, 1.7 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(0.134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (360 mg) as a thick oil. Step 2 2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropy propanoic acid OH CI S I

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoate (350 mg, 0.74 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (186 mg, 4.44 mmol) in MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOmlI1O/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. Residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-4' (methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoic acid (310 mg) as a white solid. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.22 (s, 244 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1H), 3.93 (q, 2H); 3.68 (t, 1H); 2.56 (s, 3H), 1.93 (in, 1H); 1.78 (in, 1H); 1.29 (t, 3H), 0.65 (in, 1H); 0.42 (in, 2H); 0.12 (in, 1H); 0.05 (in, 1H). Example 1325: 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)biphenyl-3 yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoate O 0 Et CI

CF

3

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (500 mg, 1.15 mmol), 4-trifluormethoxy phenylboronic acid (310 mg, 1.65 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(0. 134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoate (260 mg) as a thick oil. Step 2 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoic acid 245 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 O O H CI 0 CF 3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)biphenyl-3 yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (260 mg, 0.50 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (186 mg, 4.44 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/10ml/10/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2 (5-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoic acid (180 mg) as white solid. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.25 (in, 3H), 3.98 (q, 2H); 3.68 (t, 1H); 2.56 (s, 3H), 1.913 (in, 1H); 1.76 (in, 1H); 1.29 (t, 3H), 0.62 (in, 1H); 0.41 (in, 2H); 0.12 (in, 1H); 0.05 (in, 1H). Example 1301: 2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate 0 O Et CI

-

CF

3 246 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 A mixture of compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (500 mg, 1.15 mmol), 4-isopropyl phenylboronic acid (225 mg, 1.74 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(0.134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (400 mg) as thick oil. Step 2 2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoic acid OH CI 0

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoate (400 mg, 0.85 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (215 mg, 5.1 mmol) in MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOmlI1O/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 2-(5-chloro-4' isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoic acid (180 mg) as white solid. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, 2H)7.21 (s, 1H), 3.86 (q, 2H); 3.67 (t, 1H); 2.98 (in, 1H), 1.93 (in, 1H); 1.78 (in, 1H); 1.28 (d, 6H), 0.66 (in, 1H); 0.43 (in, 2H); 0.12 (in, 1H); 0.05 (in, 1H). 247 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Example 1280 1-(5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid 0 OH C1

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OEt Br CI

CF

3 To a suspension of NaH (0.65 g, 60% in paraffin oil) in DMF (100 mL), slowly added a mixture of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (3.0 g, 6.8 mmol) and 1,3-dibromo propane (1.61 g, 8.0 mmol) dissolved in DMF (20 mL) at 0 UC for 15min under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The reaction mixture was allowed stir at 0' C for 15 min, upon which the reaction mixture was poured onto crushed ice and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Flash column chromatography to give ethyl 1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (2.12 g) as a thick syrup. Step 2 Ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 248 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt CI 0

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 1-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (500 mg, 1.2 mmol), 4-methyl phenylboronic acid (0.237 g, 1.68 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(0.134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (325 mg) as thick oil. Step 3 1-(5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid 0 OH CI

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (300 mg, 0.70 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (280 mg, 11.6 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOml/10/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under 249 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 1 (5-chloro-4'-methyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid (185 mg, 66 %) as white solid. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.42 (in, 2H); 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.87 (q, 2H); 2.85 (in, 2H), 2.54 (in, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.12 (in, 1H); 1.83 (in, 1H). Step 4 Ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutane carboxylate 0 o Et CI 0

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (500 mg, 1.2 mmol), 4-ethyl phenylboronic acid (225 mg, 1.74 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(0.134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutane carboxylate (360 mg) as a thick oil. Step 5 1-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid 250 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH CI 0

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutane carboxylate (350 mg, 0.84 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (222 mg, 9.2 mmol) in a MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOmlI1O/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 1 (5-chloro-4'-ethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid (260 mg) as white solid. 'HNMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.22 (d, 2H)7.20 (s, 1H), 3.85 (q, 2H); 2.82 (in, 2H), 2.71 (q, 2H), 2.52 (in, 2H), 2.15 (in, 1H), 1.91 (in, 1H); 1.27 (t, 3H). Example 1316: 1-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylate 0 O Et CI

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (500 mg, 1.2 mmol), 4-thiomethyl phenylboronic acid (293 mg, 1.7 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis 251 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (triphenylphosphine)(0.134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4' (methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutane carboxylate (342 mg) as thick oil. Step 2 1-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid 0 OH CI

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3 yl)cyclobutane carboxylate (325 mg, 0.70 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (186 mg, 4.44 mmol) in MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/l0ml/10/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 1 (5-chloro-4'-(methylthio)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid (265 mg) as a white solid. IHNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 3.93 (q, 2H); 2.83 (in, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.32 (in, 2H), 2.13 (in, 1H), 1.93 (in, 1H). Example 1304: 1-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) 252 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 cyclobutane carboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylate 0 0 Et CI C F 3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)acetate (500 mg, 1.2 mmol), 4-isopropyl phenylboronic acid (245 mg, 1.68 mmol), Palladium Tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)(0.134 g, 0.116 mmol), Cesium fluoride (0.354 g, 2.23 mmol) in DME (30ml) was stirred for overnight at 100 0 C. After completion of the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl 6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylate (425 mg) as thick oil. Step 2 1-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid 0 OH CI

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(5-chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl) cyclobutane carboxylate (400 mg, 0.88 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (215 mg, 5.1 mmol) in MeOH/THF/Water solvent mixture (10ml/lOmlI1O/ml) was stirred for 3h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatiles were removed 253 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, acidified with 5%HCl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried with Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography to give 1-(5-chloro-4' isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid (289 mg) as white solid. 'HNMR (CDCl 3 ): 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, 2H)7.21 (s, 1H), 3.86 (q, 2H); 2.99 (in, 1H), 2.86 (in, 2H), 2.52 (in, 2H), 2.13 (in, 1H), 1.92 (in, 1H); 1.28 (d, 6H). Example 1833: 2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl) 3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid 0 OH CI 0 CF 3

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl-2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate 0 OR OEt CI 0

NH

2 KCF To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (1.2 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry CCl 4 (60 mL), NCS (0.427 g, 3.2 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 h at room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with 254 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to yield compound ethyl-2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (0.920 g) as a yellow solid. Step 2 Ethyl 2-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate 0 OEt C1 0 CF 3 Ethyl-2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (0.9 g, 2.6 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of AcCN / H 2 0 / HCl (96%) 25mL / 25mL / 1 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.277 g, 4.02 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise at 0 'C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40 min, at the same temperature. A solution of KI (4.5 g, 26.8 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 'C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate (2x5OmL), water (100 mL) followed by brine (100mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated to give crude black oil which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to give ethyl 2-(3 chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate (1.1 g, 90.9%) as yellow oil. Step 3 Ethyl-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoate 255 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OR OEt C1 0 CF3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 2-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoate (1.lg, 2.4 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.928 g, 4.9 mmol), CsF (0.926 g, 6.1 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.283 g, 0.245 mmol) in 50 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 40 mL of EtOAc and 40 mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to give ethyl-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3-cyclopropyl propanoate (0.650 g) as a yellow oil. Step 4 2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 CF3

CF

3 Ethyl-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3 cyclopropyl propanoate (0.65 g, 1.31 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (10:10:5, vvl), LiOH (0.252 g, 10.5 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOmL). The combined 256 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 organic phases were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (DCM/MeOH, 95:5) gave the 2 (2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-3 cyclopropylpropanoic acid (0.585 g) as a white solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.39 (d, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 4.23 (q, 2H), 3.72 (t, 1H), 1.93 (in, 1H), 1.82 (in, 1H), 0.81 (in, 1H), 0.52 (in, 2H), 0.15 (in, 2H). Example 1836: 1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid 0 OH C1 0 CF3

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OR OEt C1 0

NH

2 KCF To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (2.0 g, 6.3 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 (30 mL), NCS (0.842 g, 6.3 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 at room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x100 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude reaction mixture was purified by Flash column chromatography to yield ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.4 g) as thick syrup. 257 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 2 Ethyl 1-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OR OEt C1 0

CF

3 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.45 g, 1.27 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of AcCN / H 2 0 / HCl (96%) l5mL / 1OmL / 3.1 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.132 g, 1.91 mmol) in water (1 mL) was added drop wise at 0 'C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40 min, at the same temperature. A solution of KI (2.11 g, 12.7 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was heated to 80 'C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate (2x5OmL), water (100 mL) followed by brine (100mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated to give crude black oil which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to give ethyl 1-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.350g) as yellow oil. Step 3 Ethyl-1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate 0 OR OEt C1 0 CF3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.35, 7.35 mmol), 4 258 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.277 g, 1.47 mmol), CsF (0.277 g, 1.83 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.084 g, 0.36 mmol) in 20 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 20 mL of EtOAc and 20 mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yellow oil. The oil was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to give ethyl-1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.182 g) as a colorless oil. Step 4 1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid 0 OH C1 0 CF3

CF

3 Ethyl-i -(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl) cyclobutanecarboxylate (0.2 g, 0.41 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (10:10:5, vvl), LiOH (0.10 g, 4.1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OmL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (DCM/MeOH, 95:5) gave the compound 1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (0.06 g) as a white solid. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 /TMS): 6 7.72 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 4.23 (q, 2H), 3.92 (in, 2H), 2.58 (in, 2H), 2.19 (in, 1H), 1.97 (in, 1H); 259 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Example 1837: Ethyl-1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OR OEt C1 0 CF3

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OR OEt C1 0

NH

2 KCF To a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (1.2 g, 3.6 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 (60 mL), NCS (0.411 g, 3.08 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 at room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x100 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude reaction mixture was purified by Flash column chromatography to yield ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (0.860 g) as a thick syrup. Step 2 Ethyl 1-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 260 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OR OEt C1 0 CF 3 Ethyl 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (0.86 g, 2.3 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of AcCN / H 2 0 / HCl (96%) 10mL / 8mL / 2.1 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.243 g, 3.5 mmol) in water (1 mL) was added drop wise at 0 'C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40 min, at the same temperature. A solution of KI (3.9 g, 23.5 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was heated to 80 'C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate (2x5OmL), water (100 mL) followed by brine (100mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated to give crude black oil which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to give ethyl 1-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (0.580g) as pale yellow oil. Step 3 Ethyl-1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4 yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate 0 OR OEt C1 0 I KCF3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl 1-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (0.58, 1.2 mmol), 4 trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.56 g, 2.4 mmol), CsF (0.46 g, 3.0 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.14 g, 0.12 mmol) in 20 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 261 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 25 mL of EtOAc and 25 mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yellow oil. The oil was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to give ethyl-1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)cyclopentanecarboxylate (0.480 g) as a color less oil. Step 4 1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl) cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 0 OH C1 0 CF3

CF

3 Ethyl-i -(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl) cyclopentane carboxylate (0.32 g, 0.64 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (10:10:5, vvl), LiOH (0.163 g, 3.88 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xOmL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (DCM/MeOH, 95:5) gave the 1-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl) cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (0.220 g, 73%) as a white solid. 'H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3): 6 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.26(s, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 4.22 (q, 2H), 3.71 (in, 2H), 1.98 (in, 2H), 1.81 (in, 4H). Example 1832: 2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl) 4-methylpentanoic acid 262 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OH C1 0 CI 0 C3

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate O OEt CI 0 C1 0

NH

2 KCF To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.25 g, 0.75 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 (20 mL), NCS (0.08 g, 0.6 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 at room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x100 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude reaction mixture was purified by Flash column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.15 g) as thick syrup. Step 2 Ethyl-2-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate OR 0 OEt C1 0

CF

3 263 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.7 g, 1.9 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of AcCN / H 2 0 / HCl (96%) 20mL / 20mL / 1.3 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.197 g, 2.8 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise at 0 'C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40 min, at the same temperature. A solution of KI (3.16 g, 19.0 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added drop wise at 0 'C. The reaction mixture was heated to 80 'C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x100 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate (2x5OmL), water (100 mL) followed by brine (100mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated to give crude black oil which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to give ethyl-2-(3 chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.35 g) as pale yellow oil. Step 3 Ethyl-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methylpentanoate 0 OR OEt C1 0 51, 1 CF3

CF

3 A mixture of ethyl-2-(3-chloro-4-iodo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.5, 1.04 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (0.96 g, 2.09 mmol), CsF (0.395 g, 2.6 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.121 g, 0.104 mmol) in 50 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 25 mL of EtOAc and 25 mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yellow oil. The oil was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to give ethyl-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.265 g,) as a colorless oil. 264 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 4 2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 CF3

CF

3 Ethyl-2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.35 g, 0.733 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (10:10:5, vvl), LiOH (0.176 g, 7.33 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h at room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x1OmL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (DCM/MeOH, 95:5) gave the compound 2-(2-chloro-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (0.085 g) as a white solid. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.20(s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.23 (q, 2H), 3.71 (t, 1H), 2.01(m, 1H), 1.73 (in, 1H), 1.58 (in, 1H), 0.98 (d, 6H). Example 1908: 1-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid 0 OH C1 0

CF

3 265 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene F 0 NO~2 Cyclopropylmethanol (15 g, 207 mmol) was added to a stirred suspension of NaH (60% in mineral oil, 8.37g) in 200mL THF over 15 min at 0 0 C under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for lh. A solution of 2,4 difluoro-1-nitrobenzene (30 g, 187 mmol) in 200mL THF was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for 2h and then poured into ice water. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x1OOmL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 22.Og of product as orange oil (86%). Step2 Diethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) malonate o o EtO OEt o 0 NO2 Diethyl malonate (9.8 g, 1.1 eq.) was added to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 2.09 g) in 88 mL DMF over 15min. at 0 0 C under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for lh. A solution of 2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene (10 g, 1 eq.) in DMF (88 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was heated to 100 0 C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, poured into ice water and extracted with EtOAc (3x100ImL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (3x100mL), brine (100mL) and dried (MgSO 4 ). Evaporation of solvent under reduced 266 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 pressure gave 10.0g of crude product which was purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) gave 7.Og of the desired product (42%) 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 200 MHz): 0.4 (in, 2H), 0.71 (in, 2H), 1.3 (in, 1H), 1.3 (t, 6H), 3.96 (d, 2H), 4.25 (q, 4H), 4.5 (s, 1H), 7.02 (d, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, 2H). Step 3 Ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) acetate 0 OEt 0 NO~2 i) Diethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) malonate (10 g) was dissolved in 100 mL ethanol and cooled to 0 0 C, NaOH solution (4eq) was added slowly to the reaction mixture for about 15 min. The reaction mixture was heated gently up to 60 0 C for 5 h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC analysis. After complete conversion of starting material solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue dissolved in

H

2 0, acidified with 6N HCl to pH-2. The solid material was collected via filtration, washed with water, dried under reduced pressure to yield 6.5 g (90%) of 2-(3 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid as a yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz): 0.36 (in, 2H), 0.58 (in, 2H), 1.28 (in, 1H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 4.01 (d, 2H), 7.02 (d, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H). ii) 2-(3-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid (6.5 g) was taken up in an ethanolic HCl solution (50 mL, 25%) and refluxed for 4 h, monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to dryness and dissolved in ethyl acetate. The mixture was washed with NaHCO 3 solution, dried over NaSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give crude yellow solid which was purified by recrystallization to give the desired product (4.2 g). 267 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 1 H-NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz): 0.36 (in, 2H), 0.58 (in, 2H), 1.12 (t, 3H), 1.28 (in, 1H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 4.01 (d, 2H), 4.21 (q, 2H), 7.02 (d, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H). Step 4 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate 0 OEt 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) acetate (10 g), in dry MeOH (100 mL) was added Pd(OH) 2 (2g). The mixture was hydrogenated under a H 2 atmosphere for 6 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of CeliteTM, washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 7.5 g of the desired product as an oil. 1 H-NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz): 0.38 (in, 2H), 0.61 (in, 2H), 1.23 (in, 1H), 1.23 (t, 3H), 3.51 (s, 2H), 3.80 (d, 2H), 4.16 (q, 2H), 6.72 (in, 3H). Step 5 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)acetate 0 OEt C1 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)acetate (1.2 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry CCl 4 (60 mL), NCS (0.427 g, 3.2 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 h at room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. 268 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to yield Ethyl 2-(4 amino-3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)acetate (920 mg) as a yellow solid. Step 6 Ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-iodophenyl)acetate 0 OEt C1 0 Ethyl-2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)-acetate (2.5g, 10.0 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of AcCN / H 2 0 / HCl (96%) 50mL / 50mL / 25 mL at 0 'C. A solution of NaNO 2 (3.2g, 1.16 eq) in water (40mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of KI (30 g, 30.1 mmol) in water (80mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 50'C for 2.5h and the solvent was evaporated. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate (2x5OmL), water (300 mL) followed by brine (300mL). The solution was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude black oil which was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-iodophenyl)acetate (1.2 g) Step 7 Ethyl 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl)acetate 0 OEt C1 0

CF

3 A mixture of compound ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-iodophenyl)acetate (5.lg, 12.9 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (3.66 g, 19 mmol), CsF (3.9g, 269 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 25.8 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (1.5 g, 1.3 mmol) in 100 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 75mL of EtOAc and 75mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yellow oil. The oil was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(2-chloro-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl)acetate (3.2 g) as yellow oil. Step 8 1-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid 0 OH C1 0

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl)acetate (0.5 g, 1.2 mmol) was dissolved in lOmL anhydrous DMF, NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.058g, 2.4 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and 1,3 dibromopropane (1.5 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a (320 mg) of colorless oil. The oil was dissolved in 1OmL of EtOH/H 2 0 (9:1, vvl) and 0.163 g LiOH added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) gave 1-(2-chloro-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl) cyclobutane carboxylic acid (0.210 g) as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.06 270 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, 2H), 2.86 (in, 2H), 2.58 (in, 2H), 2.16 (in, 1H), 1.95 (in, 1H), 1.03 (in, 1H), 0.46 (in, 2H), 0.18 (m,2H). Example 1909: 1-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4 yl)cyclopentane carboxylic acid 1-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl)cyclopentane carboxylic acid 0 OH C1 0

CF

3 Ethyl 2-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl)acetate (0.5g,) was dissolved in lOmL anhydrous DMF and NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.058 g, 2.4 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and 1,4 dibromobutane (0.24g) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a (320 mg, 0.64 mmol) of colorless oil. The oil was dissolved in 1OmL of EtOH/H 2 0 (9:1, vvl) and LiOH (0.163 g, 3.88 mmol) added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc 9:1) to give 1-(2-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4 yl)cyclopentane carboxylic acid (220 mg) as a white solid. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 271 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 6 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, 2H), 2.66 (in, 2H), 1.97 (in, 2H), 1.79 (in, 4H), 1.03 (in, 1H), 0.46 (d, 2H), 0.18 (d, 2H); Example 2418: 2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 4-methylpentanoic acid OH 0

F

3 C Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)-4-methylpentanoate 0 OEt 0 Ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)acetate (2.2 g, 7.8 mmol) was dissolved in 20mL anhydrous DMF and NaH (60% wt. in oil, 0.189g, 7.8 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5h at 25'C and isobutyl bromide (1.08 g, 7.8 mmol) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C for lh and saturated NH 4 Cl solution (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x2OmL) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (3x2OmL) and brine (20mL), and dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give ethyl 2-(3 -(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (2.06 g) of colorless oil. Step 2 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate 272 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (2.0 g, 5.9 mmol), in dry MeOH (50 mL) Pd(OH) 2 (1.1 g) was added. The mixture was reduced under an atmosphere of H 2 for 6 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered off through a pad of CeliteTM, washing with MeOH. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield ethyl 2-(4-amino-3 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (1.69 g) as a thick liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate OEt Br 0

NH

2 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (1.65 g, 5.4 mmol) in dry CCl 4 (60 mL), NBS (0.96 g, 5.4 mmol) was added at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 3 at room temperature to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with DCM (2x50 mL), the combined organic solvents was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography to yield ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (1.5 g) as a yellow solid. Step 4 Ethyl-2-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate 273 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 OEt 0 F3C

NH

2 A mixture of ethyl 2-(4-amino-3-bromo-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (1.5 g, 3.9 mmol), 4-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid (1.1 g, 5.8 mmol), CsF (1.47 g, 7.8 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3

)

4 (0.45 g, 0.39 mmol) in 75 mL anhydrous 1,2-dimethoxy ethane was refluxed for 8 h under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled, and 75mL of EtOAc and 75mL of water were added. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl 2-(6-amino-5 -(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)-4-methyl pentanoate (1.2 g) as a yellow oil. Step 5 Ethyl-2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate OR 0 OEt 0

F

3 C / C Ethyl-2-(6-amino-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methyl pentanoate (0.2 g, 0.44 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of AcCN / H 2 0 / HCl 10 mL / lOmL / 1 mL at 0 0 C. A solution of NaNO 2 (0.039 g, 0.53 mmol) in water (1 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40min, at the same temperature. A solution of CuCl (0.22 g, 2.2 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added drop wise at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was heated to 40 'C for 2.0 h and the solvent was evaporated. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x5OmL), and the combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) followed by brine (20mL). The solution 274 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 was dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude black oil which was purified by chromatography over silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give ethyl-2-(6 chloro-5 -(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.12 g) as a thick oil. Step 6 2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid OH 0

F

3 C / C The ethyl-2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (120 mg, 0.255 mmol) dissolved in lOmL of MeOH/THF/H 2 0 (1OmL/lOmL/5mL) and LiOH (30 mg, 1.2 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (1OmL) was added and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xlOmL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography over silica gel (DCM:MeOH 9:1) gave 2-(6-chloro-5-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (89 mg) as a white solid. 'H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 3.96 (d, 2H), 3.64 (t, 1H), 1.98 (in, 1H), 1.68 (in, 1H), 1.55 (in, 1H), 1.32 (in, 1H), 0.91 (d, 6H), 0.64 (in, 2H), 0.42 (in, 2H); Example 3205: 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 4-methoxybutanoic acid 275 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 MeO O OH CI

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl) acetate 0 OEt C1 Br 0 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate (12 g, 40.816 mmol) in DMSO (80 mL) were added K 2 C0 3 (14.08 g, 102.020 mmol) and cyclopropylmethylbromide (5 mL, 4.880 mmol) at RT under inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 0 C temperature over a period of 14 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to RT and quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 75 mL), brine and dried over Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl) acetate (10 g) yellow solid. Step 2 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-phenyl)-4-methoxybutanoate 276 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 MeO OEt C1 Br 0 To a stirred solution of NaH (0.3 g, 12.5 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added ethyl 2-(3 bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl) acetate (2.0 g, 5.70 mmol) at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C over a period of 30min. To the reaction mixture was added 2-bromo ethyl methyl ether (0.87g, 6.25mmol) and stirred at 0 oC for 30 min. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL), acidified with IN HCl (pH=5) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 25 mL), brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-phenyl)-4-methoxybutanoate (560 mg) as an off white solid. Step 3 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methoxybutanoate MeO O 0 o Et CI

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-phenyl)-4 methoxybutanoate (2.3 g, 5.660mmol) in a mixture of DMF (50 mL) and water (5 mL) were added Cs 2

CO

3 (6.4 g, 19.815 mmol), Pd(TPP) 4 (1.3 g, 1.120 mmol) and 4 (trifluoromethyl) phenyl boronic acid (1.29 g, 6.780 mmol) at RT under N 2 atmosphere 277 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 14 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), filtered off the catalyst and celite bed was washed with EtOAc and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 50 iL), brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methoxybutanoate (1.2g) as an off white solid. Step 4 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methoxybutanoic acid MeO OH CI 0

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methoxybutanoate (0.3g, 0.638 mmol) in a mixture of THF (10 mL), methanol (10 mL) and water (5mL) was added LiOH.H 2 0 (53 mg, 12.030 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After complete consumption of starting material as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and acidified using 1 N HCl at 0 0 C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL); combined organic extracts were washed with water (20 mL), brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated in vacuo.. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford 2-(5-chloro-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methoxybutanoic acid (100 mg) as an off white solid. IHNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 ppm 7.68 (in, 4H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 3.80 (t, 1H), 3.41 (d, 2H), 3.25(m, 5H), 2.39 (in, 1H), 1.99(m, 1H), 0.95(m,1H), 0.4 (d, 2H), 0.0 (in, 2H). 278 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Example 3206: 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 /N Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoate 0 OH C1 Br 0 To a stirred solution of NaH (0.76 g, 15.82 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added compound 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (5.0 g, 14.4 mmol) at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C over a period of 30min. To the reaction mixture was added isobutyl bromide (2.93g, 21.57mmol) and stirred at 0 0 C for lh. After completion of starting material (by TLC), diluted with water (40 mL), acidified with IN HCl (pH=5) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 50 iL), brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-phenyl)-4 methyl pentanoate (5.0 g) as a liquid, Step 2 Ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate 279 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OR OEt C1 S CI 0 /N To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-phenyl)-4 methyl pentanoate (0.5 g, 1.239 mmol) in a mixture of DMF (10 mL) and water (5 mL) were added Cs 2

CO

3 (1.4 g, 4.325 mmol), Pd (TPP) 4 (286 mg, 2.475 mmol) and 6 (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (355 mg, 1.363 mmol) at RT under N 2 atmosphere and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 14 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the solids were removed via filtration through a bed of CeliteTM was washing with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 50 mL), brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (100 mg) as an off white solid. Step 3 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH C1 S CI i S 0 /N To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.1g, 0.218 mmol) in a mixture of THF (10 mL), methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was added LiOH.H 2 0 (45 mg, 1.090 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After complete 280 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 consumption of starting material as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and acidified using 1 N HCl at 0 0 C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL); combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol 6-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (39 mg) as an off white solid. 'HNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 (ppm) 9.05(s, 1H), 8.2 (in, 2H), 7.73 (in, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 3.63 (t, 1H), 3.40(d, 2H), 1.99 (in, 1H), 1.65 (in, 1H), 1.55 (in, 1H), 0.93 (in, 7H), 0.38 (d, 2H), -0.5 (d, 2H). Example 514: 2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-(benzo [c] [1,2,5] oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl) 4-methylpentanoate 0 OEt CI 0N <'N N-0 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.5 g, 1.240 mmol) in a mixture of DMF (20 mL) and water (5 mL) were added Cs 2

CO

3 (1.4 g, 4.342 mmol), Pd(TPP) 4 (286 mg, 2.480 mmol) and 5 (4,4,5,5,-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole (355 mg, 1.364 mmol) at RT under N 2 atmosphere and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 14 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the solids were removed via filtration through a bed of CeliteTM was washing with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 50 mL), brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by 281 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (250 mg) as an off white solid. 2-(3-(benzo[c] [1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH CI \ , N N-0 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.25 g, 0.565 mmol) in a mixture of THF (10 mL), methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was added LiOH.H 2 0 (118.7 mg, 2.828 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After complete consumption of starting material as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and acidified using 1 N HCl at 0 0 C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL); combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford compound 2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (152mg) as an off white solid. 'HNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 (ppm) 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.85 (in, 1H), 7.72 (in, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.65 (t, 1H), 3.48 (d, 2H), 1.95 (in, 1H), 1.65 (in, 1H), 1.55 (in, 1H), 1.22 (in, IHO, 0.93 (d, 6H), 0.39 (d, 2H), 0.0 (in, 2H). Example 524 2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-(benzo [c] [1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl) 4-methylpentanoate 282 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OEt CI N-S To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.5 g, 1.239 mmol) in a mixture of DMF (10 mL) and water (5 mL) were added Cs 2

CO

3 (1.4 g, 4.325 mmol), Pd(TPP) 4 (286 mg, 2.475 mmol) and 5 (4,4,5,5,-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiazdiazole (355 mg, 1.363 mmol) at RT under N 2 atmosphere and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 14 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the solids were removed via filtration through a bed of CeliteTM was washing with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 50 mL), brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (222 mg) as an off white solid. Step 2 2-(3-(benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH CI 0 \ , N N-S To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.22 g, 0.479 mmol) in a mixture of THF (5 mL), methanol (5 mL) and water (2 mL) was added LiOH.H 2 0 (60.3 mg, 1.438 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After complete 283 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 consumption of starting material as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and acidified using 1 N HCl at 0 0 C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL); combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford 2-(3 (benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid (105 mg, 50.0 %) as an off white solid. 'HNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 (ppm) 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.68 (t, 1H), 3.43 (d, 2H), 2.00 (in, 1H), 1.70 (in, 1H), 1.58 (in, 1H), 0.98 (d, 6H), 0.88 (in, 1H), 0.38 (d, 2H), 0.0 (in, 2H). Example 3207: 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(NN-dimethylsulfamoyl)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 0 OH N S | O )

/CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-(chlorosulfonyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl) -4-methyl pentanoate 0 OEt

CIO

2 S Br OH To a stirred compound ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (1.0 g, 3.174 mmol) in in DCM (15ml) chlorosulfonicacid (2 mL, 28.571 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 14 h at 80 0 C under N 2 atmosphere. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with NaHCO 3 solution and extracted with DCM (3 x 100 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 75 mL), brine and dried over Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 284 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-(chlorosulfonyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl) -4-methyl pentanoate (0.5g) as a liquid. Step 2 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate OR 0 OEt Br | 0 OH To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-(chlorosulfonyl) -4-hydroxyphenyl) -4-methyl pentanoate (0.73 g, 1.765 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added N, N-dimethylamine solution (5.2 mL, 10.592 mmol) at RT under inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT over a period of 14 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 75 mL), brine and dried over Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration under reduced pressure, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-(N,N dimethylsulfamoyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.6 g) as a pale yellow liquid. Step 3 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate OR 0 OEt Br N \\ To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl) 4-methylpentanoate (0.75 g, 1.77 mmol) in DMSO (25 mL) were added K 2 C0 3 (367 mg, 2.106 mmol) and cyclopropylmethylbromide (0.2 mL, 2.13 mmol) at RT under inert 285 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 0 C temperature over a period of 14 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to RT and quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 75 mL), brine and dried over Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and evaporation, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-bromo-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(NN-dimethylsulfamoyl)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoate (350 mg) as a liquid Step 4 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl 3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 0 OH 0 \ N 0 I

)CF

3 To a stirred solution of 2-(3-bromo-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(N,N dimethylsulfamoyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.5 g, 1.049 mmol) in a mixture of DMF (10 mL) and water (5 mL) were added Cs 2

CO

3 (1.19 g, 3.670 mmol), Pd(TPP) 4 (243 mg, 0.209 mmol) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylbornate (220 mg, 1.150 mmol) at RT under N 2 atmosphere and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 14 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), filtered off the catalyst and celite bed was washed with EtOAc and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 50 mL), brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration in vacuo, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (100 mg) as an off white solid. 1 HNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 (ppm) 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.72 (in, 4H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 3.73 (in, 1H), 3.38(d, 2H), 2.95(s, 3H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.01 (in, 1H), 1.65 (in, 1H), 1.51 (in, 1H), 0.91 (in, 7H), 0.40 (d, 2H), 0.00 (in, 2H). 286 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Step 5 Ethyl 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-iodo-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate 0 OR OEt 0

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(5-amino-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (1.0 g, 2.227 mmol) in a mixture of HCl: H20 (0.81 mL, 6.681 mmol) was added NaNO 2 (0.180 g, 2.672 mmol) .After being stirred for 1 h at 0 0 C then added KI (3.69 g, 22.271 mmol) at 0 0 C under inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 0 C temperature over a period of 2 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to RT and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 75 mL), brine and dried over Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration in vacuo, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-iodo-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3 -yl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.93 g) as a solid. Example 3210: 2-(5-cyano-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 4-methylpentanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-cyano-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate 287 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 OR OEt NC 0

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-iodo-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.25 g, 0.447 mmol) in NMP (10 mL) was added CuCN (50 mg, 0.536 mmol) at RT under inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 200 0 C temperature over a period of 2 h. After completion of starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to RT and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 15 mL), brine and dried over Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and evaporation, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(5-cyano-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3 -yl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.125 g) a solid. Step 2 2-(5-cyano-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH NC ) :

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(5-cyano-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (0.125 g, 0.272 mmol) in a mixture of THF (5 mL), methanol (5 mL) and water (2 mL) was added LiOH.H 2 0 (34 mg, 0.816 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After complete consumption of starting material as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and acidified using 1 N HCl at 0 0 C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 288 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 x 20 mL); combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford 2-(5-cyano-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid (50 mg) as an off white solid. 'HNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 (ppm) 7.70 (in, 4H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 3.71 (t, 1H), 3.55 (in, 2H), 2.00 (in, 1H), 1.67 (in, 1H), 1.51 (in, 1H), 1.02 (in, 1H), 0.91 (d, 6H), 0.45 (in, 2H), 0.05 (in, 2H). Example 3208: 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methylthio)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl 3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 0 OH MeS

CF

3 Step 1 Ethyl 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methylthio)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl) 4-methylpentanoate 0 OR OEt MeS 0

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(5-amino-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (1.0 g, 2.604 mmol) in a mixture of HCl: H 2 0 (0.86 mL, 10.4 mmol) and THF (10 mL) was added NaNO 2 (0.215 g, 3.92 mmol) .After being stirred for 1 h at 0 0 C then added NaSMe (368 mg, 0.260 mmol) at 0 289 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 0 C under an inert atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT over a period of 14 h. After complete consumption of starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 75 mL), brine and dried over Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration under vacuo, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methylthio)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoate (0.93 g) as a solid. Step 2 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methylthio)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid 0 OH MeS 0 1

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methylthio)-4' (trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (80 mg, 0.166 mmol) in a mixture of THF (10 mL), methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was added LiOH.H 2 0 (20 mg, 0.832 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After complete consumption of starting material as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and acidified using 1 N HCl at 0 0 C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL); combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 , filtered and concentrated under vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford 2-(6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-5-(methylthio)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid (38mg) as an off white solid. 'HNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 (ppm) 7.75 (d, 2H), 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 3.65 (t, 1H), 3.60 (d, 2H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 1.98 (in, 1H), 1.65 (in, 1H), 1.5 (in, 1H), 1.22 (in, 1H), 0.9 (d, 6H), 0.38 (d, 2H), 0.01 (d, 2H). 290 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Example 3209: 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 3-methylbutanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)-3-methylbutanoate OR 0 OEt C1

CF

3 To a stirred solution of NaH (40 mg, 0.830 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added compound ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)acetate (300 mg, 0.728 mmol) and stirred at 0 0 C for lh. To the reaction mixture at 0 0 C was added isopropyl bromide (0.08 mL, 0.880 mmol) and continued stirring at 0 0 C over a period of 30min. After complete consumption of the starting material (by TLC), the reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL), acidified with IN Hcl (pH=5) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 15 mL), brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and concentration under educed pressure, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)-3-methylbutanoate (120 mg) as a liquid. Step 2 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-3 methylbutanoic acid 0 OH C1 0 1 )\

CF

3 291 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy) phenyl)-3 methylbutanoate (0.12 g, 0.260 mmol) in a mixture of THF (5 mL), methanol (5 mL) and water (2 mL) was added LiOH.H 2 0 (75 mg, 1.320 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After complete consumption of the starting material, as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and acidified using 1 N HCl at 0 0 C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL); combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4' (trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-3-methylbutanoate (100 mg) as an off white solid. IHNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 (ppm) 7.66 (in, 4H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 3.41 (d, 2H), 3.15 (d, 1H), 2.3 (in, 1H), 1.12 (d, 3H), 0.97 (in, 1H), 0.72 (d, 3H), 0.40 (d, 2H), 0.00 (d, 2H). Example 482: 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl) 4, 4, 4-trifluorobutanoic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4, 4, 4 trifluorobutanoate

CF

3 0 OEt C1

CF

3 To a stirred solution of NaH (64 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added ethyl 2-(5 chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3 -yl)acetate (500 mg, 0.12 mmol) and 1, 1, 1-trifluoro-2-iodoethane (0.304 mL, 0.15 mmol) at 0 0 C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0 C over a period of 30min. After completion of starting material (by TLC), diluted with water (20 mL), acidified with IN HCl (pH=5) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 15 mL), 292 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 brine and dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 . After filtration and evaporation, the crude material was purified by column chromatography to afford ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4, 4, 4-trifluorobutanoate (300 mg) as liquid. Step 2 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4, 4, 4 trifluorobutanoic acid

CF

3 0 OH C1

CF

3 To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4, 4, 4-trifluorobutanoate (0.1 g, 0.404 mmol) in a mixture of THF (10 mL), methanol (10 mL) and water (5 mL) was added LiOH.H 2 0 (85 mg, 2.024 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. After complete consumption of the starting material as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and acidified using 1 N HCl at 0 0 C. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL) the combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2

SO

4 and evaporated under vacuum. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to 2-(5-chloro-6 (cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-3-yl)-4, 4, 4-trifluorobutanoic acid (38 mg) as sticky syrup. 'HNMR (500 MHz) (CDCl 3 ): 6 (ppm) 7.71 (in, 4H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 3.92 (in, 1H), 3.41 (d, 2H), 3.08 (in, 1H), 2.54 (in, 1H), 0.96 (in, 1H), 0.40 (d, 2H), 0.00 (in, 2H). The following examples can also be made using analogous procedures as described previously, substituting the appropriate reagents known to those of ordinary skill in the art. 293 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Example 3211: 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid Example 3212: 2-(5-chloro-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid Example 3213: 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 4-methylpentanoic acid Example 3214: 2-(5-bromo-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 4-methylpentanoic acid Example 3215: 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 3-methylpentanoic acid Example 3216: 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl) 3-phenylpropanoic acid Example 3217: 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4 methylpentanoic acid The following examples can also be made using analogous procedures as described previously, substituting the appropriate reagents known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Examples 464, 474, 480, 481, 483, 485, 488, 489, 494, 504, 1292, 1334, 2490, 2708, 3211,3212,3213,3214,3215,3216 and 3217 Pharmacology Experimental Measurement of Ap in vitro The AD peptide is proteolytically derived from a larger integral membrane amyloid precursor protein (APP). The production of AD is derived from proteolytic cleavages at its N- and C- termini within -APP by the 3 and y-secretase activities, respectively. Transfected cells overexpressing $-APP or its equivalent producing the AD peptide can be used to monitor the effects of synthetic compounds on the production of AD. 294 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 To analyze a compound's effects on the concentrations of the various products of the y secretase cleavage activity, the AD peptides, various methods known to a person skilled in the art are available. Examples of such methods, but not limited to, include mass spectrometric identification as described by Wang et al, 1996, J. Biol. Chem. 271:31894 31902) or detection by specific antibodies using, for example, ELISA's. Examples of such assays for measuring the production of Aptotai, A340 and A3 42 by ELISA include but are not limited to those described by Vassar et al., 1999, Science 286:735-741. Suitable kits containing the necessary antibodies and reagents for such an analysis are available, for example, but not limited to the Genetics Company, Wako, Covance, and Innogenetics. The kits are essentially used according to the manufacturers recommendations similar to the assay that is described by Citron et al., (1997) Nature Medicine 3:67-72 and the original assay described by Seubert et al., (1992) Nature 359:325-327. Screening was carried out using the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293 overexpressing an amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgene grown in Pro-293a CDM media (BioWhittaker). Cells were grown to approximately 70-80 % confluency subsequent to the addition of test compounds. The growth media was aspirated or removed, the cells washed, and replaced with 1 00pl of compound, appropriately diluted in serum free media. The plates are then incubated for 16-18 hours at 37 0 C. Conditioned Medium samples are removed for analysis/quantitation of the various AD peptide levels by differential ELISA's as described in accompanying instructions to the kits. Those compounds examined which do not demonstrate any overt toxicity or non specific inhibitory properties are investigated further for their AD inhibitory effects and form the basis of medicinal chemistry efforts and to study the effect of the compounds in different experimental conditions and configurations. Table 14 shows representative in vitro data (HEK 293) EC 50 data for compounds of the disclosure where: 295 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 A indicates a compound has an EC 50 for lowering A342 of<1 pM B indicates a compound has an EC 50 for lowering A342 of>1 pM but <5 pM C indicates a compound has an EC 50 for lowering A342 of>5 pM Table 14 Example # Activity 1904 A 264 A 1905 A 414 A 1908 A 415 A 1909 A 419 A 1976 A 464 A 2418 A 474 A 2419 A 480 A 2422 A 481 A 2423 A 482 A 2490 A 483 A Example # Activity 484 A 2491 A 485 A 2494 A 488 A 2495 A 489 A 2708 A 494 A 2959 A 504 A 2995 A 514 A 3200 A 524 A 3201 A 534 A 3202 B 554 A 3203 A 724 A 3204 A 754 B 3205 A 1055 A 3206 A 1268 A 3207 B 1269 A 3208 A 1270 A 3209 A Example # Activity 3210 A 1271 A 3211 A 1272 A 3212 A 1277 A 3213 A 1280 A 3214 A 1289 A 3215 A 1292 A 3216 A 1301 A 3217 B 1304 A 1313 A 1316 A 1325 A 1334 A 1832 A 1833 A 1836 A 1837 A 296 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Table 15 shows individual EC 5 0 values for representative compounds of the disclosure. Table 15 Example # Compounds Name EC 50 (Ap42) HEK 293 (pM) 484 2-(5-chloro-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'- 0.069 (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 514 2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-4- 0.274 (cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 2959 2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)-3-chloro-5- 0.298 (2-cyclopropylethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 2995 2-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-yl)-3-chloro-5- 0.220 (2-cyclopropylethyl)phenyl)-4-methylpentanoic acid 3210 2-(5-cyano-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4'- 0.275 (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-3-yl)-4 methylpentanoic acid Experimental procedures for rat primary cortical culture-based Abetam 4 42 ui 4 x ELISAs Rat primary neocortical cultures are established through the dissection of the neocortices from 10-12 E17 embryos harvested from time-pregnant SD (Sprague Dawley) rats (Charles River Laboratories). Following dissection, the combined neocortical tissue specimen volume is brought up to 5mL with dissection medium (DM; lxHBSS (Invitrogen Corp., cat#14185-052) / 10mM HEPES (Invitrogen Corp., cat# 15630-080)/ ImM Sodium Pyruvate (Invitrogen Corp., cat# 11360-070)) supplemented with 1OOuL Trypsin (0.25%; Invitrogen Corp., cat# 15090-046) and 1OOuL DNase I (0.1% stock solution in DM, Roche Diagnostics Corp., cat# 0104159), undergoing digestion via incubation at 37'C for 10 minutes. Digested tissue is washed once in plating medium (PM; NeuroBasal (Invitrogen Corp., cat# 21103-049) / 10% Horse Serum (Sigma-Aldrich Co., cat# HI 138) / 0.5mM L-Glutamine (Invitrogen Corp., cat# 25030-08 1)), then resuspended in a fresh 1OmL PM volume for trituration. Trituration consists of 18 cycles with a 5mL-serological pipet, followed by 18 cycles with a flame-polished glass Pasteur pipet. The volume is elevated to 50mL with PM, the contents then passed over a 70um cell-strainer (BD Biosciences, cat# 352350) and transferred directly to a wet-ice bath. The cell-density is quantified using a hemacytometer, and diluted to allow for the plating of 50000 cells/wellIOOuL in pre-coated 96-well PDL-coated plates (Corning, Inc., cat# 3665). Cells are incubated for 4-5 hours at 37'C/5% C0 2 , after which time the entire volume is exchanged to feeding medium (FM; 297 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 NeuroBasal/2% B-27 Serum-free supplement (Invitrogen Corp., cat# 17504-044)/ 0.5mM L Glutamine/ 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Invitrogen Corp., cat# 15140-122)). The cultures undergo two 50% fresh FM exchanges, after 3 days in vitro (DIV3), and again at DIV7. Human C-terminal recognition-site Abetai 42 and Rat N-terminal recognition-site Abetai,, capture-antibodies, diluted 1:300 in 0.05M Carbonate-Bicarbonate buffer (Sigma Aldrich Co., C-3041), are use to coat (100uL/well) flat-bottomed F96 MicroWellTM (MaxiSorpTM surface) plates (Nalge Nunc International, cat# 439454), and incubated overnight at 4 0 C for eventual use in the ELISA assay. Compounds to be screened are solubilized in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich Co., cat# 15493-8), and further diluted in DMSO in an eight point dose-response format. Into 96-well plates, dose-response compound dilutions (1000x the desired final concentration) are stamped out at 2uL/well, in duplicate (up to 3 compounds/plate), as a daughter plate. In addition, DMSO and N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI), are incorporated as solvent and positive controls, respectively. With the assistance of liquid-handling automation, the compound daughter plate is diluted 1:500 with warmed FM, and two DIV8 culture plates are leveled to 60uL/well, and immediately overlaid with 60uL/well of the 2x diluted daughter plate. The plates are returned to the 37 0 C/5% C0 2 -incubator for 24 hours. Each coated capture-antibody ELISA plate undergoes 4x 250uL/well Phosphate-buffered saline with 0.05% Tween@-20 SigmaUltra (PBS-T; Fluka, cat# 79383/Sigma-Aldrich Co., cat# P7949) washes. The ELISA plates are then overlaid with 120uL/well PBS-T supplemented with 1% Bovine Serum Albumin Diluent/Blocking solution (BSA; Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories (KPL), Inc., cat# 50-61-01) and incubate at room-temperature on an orbital shaker for a minimum of 2 hours. Rat Abetai 42 and rat Abeta 1 .40 peptide (American Peptide Co., cat# 62-0-84/62-0-86A) DMSO stock solutions are serially-diluted 1:2 in FM yielding a final concentration range of 0 500pg/mL, to be plated on the respective ELISA plates for determination of the corresponding standard curve, from which concentrations of specific or total Abeta peptides in the presence of a particular drug concentration can be calculated. The conditioned medium from the duplicate culture plates are collected and combined into one round-bottom 96-well transfer plate which is incubated on wet-ice. The culture plates are rinsed once with 120ul/well FM, and replenished immediately with 1OOuL/well FM, being returned to the incubator for 10 minutes. Cell-viability is evaluated by adding 20uL/well of warmed CellTiter 96@ Aqueous One Solution (MTS/PES; Promega Corp., cat# G358 1), and returning the plates to the incubator for 30-90 minutes. Plate 298 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 absorbance at 492nm is read on a spectrophotometer, and from which, the ratio of absorbance of compound-treated cells to absorbance of solvent (DMSO)-treated control cells is calculated. The calculation of the corresponding EC 5 0 values is performed following non-linear curve-fitting using GraphPad Prism® software. For each ELISA plate, a corresponding transfer-plate is created containing 120uL/well of either the rat Abeta 1 l 4 2 or rat Abeta 1 .40 peptide standard solutions, in duplicate, and 110 11 5uL/well of the collected conditioned-medium plate, half designated for the Abetai 42 ELISA, and the other half for the Abeta 1 ,, ELISA. The ELISA plates undergo a second set of 4x 250uL/well PBS-T washes, immediately followed by being overlaid with their designated transfer-plate. The ELISA plates incubate on an orbital-shaker for 16-18 hours at 4 0 C. Detection antibody solution is prepared by diluting beta-Amyloid 17-24 (4G8) biotinylated monoclonal antibody (Covance, Inc., cat# SIG-39240-200) 1:1500 in PBS-T supplemented with 0.67% BSA. The ELISA plates undergo 4x 250uL/well PBS-T washes, and are overlaid with 1 OOuL/well of 4G8 diluted detection-antibody solution. The Abeta 1 42 ELISA plates are incubated on an orbital-shaker at room-temperature for 90 minutes, the Abeta1,X ELISA plates for 60 minutes. In order to conjugate the biotinylated monoclonal 4G8 antibody, following 4x 250uL/well PBS-T washes, the ELISA plates undergo a one-hour incubation at 100ul/well with a 1:15000 dilution of Streptavidin-HRP conjugate (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., cat# 016-030-0840) on an orbital-shaker at room temperature. Following a final set of 4x 250uL/well PBS-T washes, the ELISA plates are overlaid with 100ul/well SureBlue 3,3', 5, 5' - Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) Microwell Peroxidase substrate solution (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories, Inc., cat# 52-00-02), protected from light, and incubate for 20-45 minutes at room temperature. At the point the desired level of development is attained, 100ul/well of TMB Stop solution (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories, Inc., cat# 50-85-05) is added, and the plate thoroughly shaken in preparation for reading on a spectrophotometer. SureBlue TMB Microwell Substrate develops a deep blue color in the presence of a peroxidase-labeled conjugate, and turns yellow when stopped by acidification, allowing for plate absorbance at 450nm to be read. From the calculation of the standard curve, the compound dose-response curves, normalized to DAPT performance, are plotted as %DMSO using GraphPad Prism® software, and the corresponding EC 5 0 values calculated. Measurement of AP 42 in vivo 299 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Compounds of the invention can be used to treat AD in mammal such as a human or alternatively in a validated animal model such as the mouse, rat, or guinea pig. The mammal may not be diagnosed with AD, or may not have a genetic predisposition for AD, but may be transgenic such that it overproduces and eventually deposits AD in a manner similar to that seen in the human. Additionally, non-transgenic animals may also be used to determine the biochemical efficacy of the compound, with an appropriate assay. Compounds can be administered in any standard form using any standard method. For example, but not limited to, compounds can be in the form of liquid, tablets or capsules that are taken orally or by injection. Compounds can be administered at any dose that is sufficient to significantly reduce, for example, levels of Aptotai or more specifically A3 42 in the blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or brain. To determine whether acute administration of the compound would reduce A3 42 levels in-vivo, two-three month old Tg2576 transgenic mice expressing APP 6 95 containing the "Swedish" variant could be used or any other appropriately validated transgenic model. This transgenic mouse displays spontaneous, progressive accumulation of $-amyloid (AD) in brain, eventually resulting in amyloid plaques within the subiculum, hippocampus and cortex. Animals of this age have high levels of AD in the brain but no detectable AD deposition. Mice treated with the compound would be examined and compared to those untreated or treated with vehicle and brain levels of soluble A042 and total AD would be quantitated by standard techniques, for example, using ELISA. Treatments may be acute or sub-chronic and treatment periods may vary from hours to days or longer and can be adjusted based on the results of the biochemical endpoint once a time course of onset of effect can be established. A typical protocol for measuring AD or A3 42 levels from in-vivo samples is shown but it is only one of many variations that could used to detect the levels of AD. For example, aliquots of compounds can be dissolved in DMSO (volume equal to 1/10th of the final formulation volume), vortexed and further diluted (1:10) with a 10 % (w/v) hydroxypropyl $ cyclodextrin (HBC, Aldrich, Ref N' 33,260-7) solution in PBS, where after they are sonicated for 20 seconds. 300 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Compounds may be administered as a single oral dose given three to four hours before sacrifice and subsequent analysis or alternatively could be given over a course of days and the animals sacrificed three to four hours after the administration of the final dose Tg2576 mice can be anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine/xylazine (80/16mg/kg intraperitoneally). When a deep level of anesthesia is reached, the mouse's head is secured in a stereotaxic frame. The skin on the back of the neck is retracted and the muscles on the back of the neck are removed to expose the cisterna magna. CSF is collected from the cisterna magna using a pulled 10pIl micropipette taking care not to contaminate the CSF with blood. The CSF is immediately diluted 1:10 in 1% 3-[3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethyl ammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS) [weight per volume in phosphate buffered saline (w/v in PBS)] containing protease inhibitors (PI's) (Complete, Mini protease inhibitor cocktail tablets-Roche), quick frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80'C until ready for biochemical analysis. Blood is collected via cardiac puncture using a 25 gauge needle attached to a 1ml syringe and was dispensed into a 0.6ml microtainer tube containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The blood was centrifuged immediately at 4'C for 5 minutes at 1500 x G. The resulting plasma was aliquoted into 0.5ml microcentrifuge tubes, the aliquots are quick frozen in liquid nitrogen and are stored at -80 0 C. The brain is removed after removing the skull and is rinsed with PBS. The cerebellum/brain stem is removed, frozen, and retained for drug exposure analysis; the remaining brain section was quartered. The rear right quarter, which contained cortex and hippocampus, is weighed, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 0 C until ELISA analysis. The remaining brain tissue is frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 0 C. For total AD or A340 analysis brain tissue is homogenized at a volume of 24 mug in cold 1% CHAPS containing protease inhibitors and the resulting homogenates are centrifuged for 1 hour at 100,000 x g at 4 0 C. The supernatant is removed and transferred to a fresh tube and further diluted to 240 mug in CHAPS with protease inhibitors. 301 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 For A3 42 analysis brain tissue is homogenized at a volume of 50ml/g in cold 1% CHAPS containing PI's. Homogenates were spun for 1 hour at 100,000 x g at 4'C. The supernatant is removed and transferred to a fresh tube and further to diluted to a final volume 66.7 ml/g in 10% CHAPS with protease inhibitors. To quantify the amount of human A0 42 in the soluble fraction of the brain homogenates, commercially available Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay (ELISA) kits can be used (h Amyloid A042 ELISA high sensitive, The Genetics Company, Zurich, Switzerland is just one of many examples). The ELISA is performed according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, the standard (a dilution of synthetic AD 1-42) and samples are prepared in a 96-well polypropylene plate without protein binding capacity (Greiner bio-one, Frickenhausen, Germany). The standard dilutions with final concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.3 and 15.6 pg/ml and the samples are prepared in the sample diluent, furnished with the ELISA kit, to a final volume of 60 pl. Samples, standards and blanks (50 pl) are added to the anti-A -coated polystyrol plate (capture antibody selectively recognizes the C-terminal end of the antigen) in addition with a selective anti-A -antibody conjugate (biotinylated detection antibody) and incubated overnight at 4'C in order to allow formation of the antibody-Amyloid-antibody-complex. The following day, a Streptavidine-Peroxidase-Conjugate is added, followed 30 minutes later by an addition of TMB/peroxide mixture, resulting in the conversion of the substrate into a colored product. This reaction is stopped by the addition of sulfuric acid (IM) and the color intensity is measured by means of photometry with an ELISA-reader with a 450 nm filter. Quantification of the AD content of the samples is obtained by comparing absorbance to a standard curve made with synthetic AD 1-42. Similar analysis, with minor modification, can be carried out with CSF (Diluted 1:10 (for a final loading dilution of 1:100) in 10% CHAPS containing PI and plasma samples (Diluted 1:15 in 0. 1% CHAPS [w/v in PBS]). Certain compounds of the disclosure may lower A042 by >15%, in some cases certain compounds may lower A042 >25% and in further cases certain compounds may lower A042 >40% relative to basal levels. 302 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 In Vivo Studies (rats) Male Sprague Dawley rats from Harlan, 230-350g, were used for studies. Fasted rats were dosed via oral gavage, with vehicle (15% Solutol HS 15, 10% EtOH, 75% Water) or compound, at a volume of 1 Omlkg. For PK studies, at fixed time points after dosing, the rats were euthanized with an excess of CO 2 . Terminal blood was collected through cardiac puncture, mixed in EDTA tubes, immediately spun (3 min at 11,000 rpm at 4 0 C), and snap frozen for plasma collection. A piece of frontal cortex was collected and snap frozen for compound level determination. For A beta lowering studies, at a determined time point after dosing (Cmax if it is >3 hr), rats were euthanized as in the PK studies and plasma was collected as described above. Cerebellum was removed and saved for compound level determination, and the remaining brain was divided into 4 quadrants, snap frozen and saved to examine A-beta peptide levels. Solutol HS 15 was purchased from Mutchler Inc. Practitioners will also know that similar methods can also be applied to other species such as mice( including transgenic strains such as Tg2576), guinea pig, dog and monkey. Analysis of in vivo Ap lowering studies Compounds of the invention can be used to treat AD in mammal such as a human or alternatively in a validated animal model such as the mouse, rat, or guinea pig. The mammal may not be diagnosed with AD, or may not have a genetic predisposition for AD, but may be transgenic such that it overproduces and eventually deposits AD in a manner similar to that seen in the human. Alternatively, non-transgenic animals may also be used to determine the biochemical efficacy of the compound, that is, the effect on the AD biomarker, with an appropriate assay. Compounds can be administered in any standard form using any standard method. For example, but not limited to, compounds can be in the form of liquid, tablets or capsules that are taken orally or by injection. Compounds can be administered at any dose that is sufficient to 303 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 significantly reduce, for example, levels of Aptotai or more specifically A3 4 2 in the blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or brain. To determine whether acute administration of the compound would reduce A3 42 levels in-vivo, two-three month old non-transgenic Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Rats treated with the compound would be examined and compared to those untreated or treated with vehicle and brain levels of soluble A3 4 2 and Aptotai would be quantitated by standard techniques, for example, using an immunoassay such as an ELISA. Treatments may be acute or sub-chronic and treatment periods may vary from hours to days or longer and can be adjusted based on the results of the biochemical endpoint once a time course of onset of effect can be established. A typical protocol for measuring AD or A3 42 levels from in-vivo samples is shown but it is only one of many variations that could used to detect the levels of AD. Compounds may be administered as a single oral dose given three to four hours before sacrifice and subsequent analysis or alternatively could be given over a course of days and the animals sacrificed three to four hours after the administration of the final dose. For total AD or A3 42 analysis brain tissue is homogenized in ten volumes of ice cold 0.4% DEA/50 mM NaCl containing protease inhibitors, e.g., for 0.1g of brain 1 ml of homogenization buffer is added. Homogenization is achieved either by sonciation for 30 seconds at 3-4W of power or with a polytron homogenizer at three-quarters speed for 10-15 seconds. Homogenates (1.2 ml) are transferred to pre-chilled centrifuge tubes (Beckman 343778 polycarbonate tubes) are placed into a Beckman TLA120.2 rotor. Homogenates are centrifuged for 1 hour at 100,000 rpm (355,040 x g) at 4'C. The resulting supernatants are transferred to fresh sample tubes and placed on ice (the pellets are discarded). The samples are further concentrated and purified by passage over Waters 60 mg HLB Oasis columns according to the methods described (Lanz and Schachter (2006) J. Neurosci Methods. 157(1):71-81; Lanz and Schachter (2008). J. Neurosci Methods. 169(1):16-22). Briefly, using a vacuum manifold (Waters# WAT200607) the columns are attached and conditioned with 1 ml of methanol at a flow rate of 1 ml/minute. Columns are then equilibrated with 1 ml of water. Samples are loaded (800 ptl) into individual columns (the AD will attach to the column resin). 304 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 The columns are washed sequentially with 1 ml of 5% methanol followed by 1 ml of 30% methanol. After the final wash the eluates are collected in 13x100 mm tubes by passing 800 pil of solution of 90% methanol/2% ammonium hydroxide) over the columns at 1 ml/minute. The samples are transferred to 1.5 ml non-siliconized sample tubes are dried in a speed-vac concentrator at medium heat for at least 2 hours or until dry. The dried samples are either stored at -80'C or are used immediately by resuspending the pellets in 80 ptl of Ultra-Culture serum-free media (Lonza) supplemented with protease inhibitors by vortexing for 10 seconds. Sixty microliters of each sample is transferred to a pre-coated immunoassay plate coated with an affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibody specific to A3 42 (x-42). Sixty microliters of fresh supplemented ultraculture is added to the remaining sample and 60 microliters is transferred to a pre-coated and BSA blocked immunoassay plate coated with an affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibody specific to total rodent AD (1-x). Additional standard samples of rodent AD/rodent A3 42 are also added to the plates with final concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.3 and 15.6 pg/ml. The samples are incubated overnight at 4'C in order to allow formation of the antibody-Amyloid-antibody-complex. The following day the plates are washed 3-4 times with 150 microliters of phosphate buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20. After removal of the final wash 100 ptl of the monoclonal antibody 4G8 conjugated to biotin (Covance) diluted 1:1000 in PBS-T containing 0.67% BSA was added and the plates incubated at room temperature for 1-2 hours. The plates are again washed 3-4 times with PBS-T and 100 ptl of a Streptavidin-Peroxidase-Conjugate diluted 1:10,000 from a 0.5 mg/ml stock in PBS-T contained 0.67% BSA is added and the plates incubated for at least 30 minutes. Following a final set of washes in PBS-T, a TMB/peroxide mixture is added, resulting in the conversion of the substrate into a colored product. This reaction is stopped by the addition of sulfuric acid (IM) and the color intensity is measured by means of photometry with an microplate reader with a 450 nm filter. Quantification of the AD content of the samples is obtained by comparing absorbance to a standard curve made with synthetic AD. This is one example of a number of possible measureable endpoints for the immunoassay which would give similar results. Figure 1 demonstrates the desirable effect on AD after the administration of example 1301 (2-(5 chloro-4'-isopropyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)biphenyl-3-yl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid) to in 305 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 C57BL/6 mice when give one dose at 30 mg/kg in a Solutol HS 15: Ethanol: Water (15:10:75) formulation (measuring AD at 3 hours). Pharmacokinetic analysis Sample Preparation Plasma samples and standards were prepared for analysis by treating with a 3x volume of acetonitrile containing 500 ng/mL of internal standard (a selected aryl propionic acid). Typically 150 pL of acetonitrile with internal standard was added to 50 pL of plasma. Acetonitrile was added first to each well of a 96-well Phenomenex Strata Impact protein precipitation filter plate followed by the addition of the plasma sample or standard. The filter plate was allowed to sit for at least 15 minutes at room temperature before a vacuum was applied to filter the samples into a clean 96-well plate. If sample concentrations were observed or predicted to be greater than 1000 ng/mL, plasma samples were diluted with blank plasma 10-150 fold depending on the anticipated concentration and upper limit of quantitation of the analytical method. Samples of frontal cortex or cerebellum were homogenized then treated in similar manner. To each brain sample, a 4X volume of PBS (pH 7.4) buffer was added along with a 15X volume of acetonitrile (containing internal standard) in a 2 mL screw-cap plastic tube. The tubes were then filled one third of the way with 1 mm zirconia/silica beads (Biospec) and placed in a Mini Bead Beater for 3 minutes. The samples were inspected and if any visible pieces of brain remained, they were returned to the Bead Beater for another 2-3 minutes of shaking. The resulting suspension was considered to be a 5-fold dilution treated with a 3X volume of acetonitrile (with internal standard). Calibration standards were prepared in 5-fold diluted blank brain homogenate and precipitated with a 3X volume of acetonitrile immediately after the addition of the appropriate spiking solution (see below). All brain standards and samples were allowed to sit for at least 15 minutes prior to filtering them through a Phenomenex Strata Impact protein precipitation filter plate into a clean 96-well plate. 306 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Spiking solutions for plasma and brain calibration standards were prepared at concentrations of 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2, 10, 20, 100 and 200 ptg/mL in 50:50 acetonitrile/water. Calibration standards were prepared by taking 190 ptL of blank matrix (plasma or brain homogenate) and adding 10 paL of spiking solution resulting in final concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 ng/mL. LC-MS/MS analysis Precipitated plasma and brain samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a Shimadzu LC system consisting of two LC-1OAD pumps and a SIL-HTc autosampler connected to an Applied Biosystems MDS/Sciex API 3200 QTRAP mass spectrometer. For chromatographic separation, a Phenomenex Luna C-18 3 ptM (2 x 20 mm) column was used with an acetonitrile-based gradient mobile phase. The two mobile phase components were: Mobile phase A: water with 0.05% (v/v) formic acid and 0.05% (v/v) 5 N ammonium hydroxide. Mobile phase B: 95:5 acetonitrile/water with 0.05% (v/v) formic acid and 0.05% (v/v) 5 N ammonium hydroxide. The gradient for each analysis was optimized for the specific compound, but generally, the run started with between 0% and 40% of mobile phase B, ramped up to 100% of mobile phase B over 1-2 minutes, then held there for 2-3 minutes before returning to the initial conditions for 4 minutes to re-equilibrate. The API 3200 QTRAP mass spectrometer was used in MRM mode with negative electrospray ionization. MRM transitions and mass spec settings were optimized for each compound. Standard curves were created by quadratic or linear regression with 1/x*x weighting. Calibration standards were prepared 1-10,000 ng/mL, but the highest (and sometimes lowest) standards were often not acceptable for quantitation and only those standards with reasonable back-calculated accuracies were included in the calibration curve. Ideally, only standards with +/- 15% of nominal concentration would be included in the fitted standard curve, but occasionally larger 307 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 deviations were accepted after careful consideration. Sample concentrations below the quantitation range were reported as "BQL". Concentrations above the curve were usually re-run with larger sample dilutions Glucuronidation protocols Microsomal glucuronidation reactions were conducted using the UGT Reaction Mix solutions (A and B) from BD Biosciences and following the vendor's protocol. 10 ptM of test article or control compound was incubated with 0.5 mg/mL of human or rat liver microsomes. Samples were taken at 0 and 60 minutes and acetonitrile was added to terminate the reactions. Samples were analyzed by LC/MS, monitoring for the loss of parent compound and the appearance of glucuronide. Control reactions were run for each compound substituting water for the glucuronic acid solution to monitor for any loss of parent compound due to degradation or unanticipated microsomal reactions. Hepatocyte experiments were run using cryopreserved human hepatocytes (single donor) obtained from Celsis/In Vitro Technologies. Cells were thawed and counted according to the vendor's protocols using the trypan blue exclusion method to obtain the count of live cells. Test article and control compounds were incubated at a concentration of 5 uM in KHB buffer (Celsis/In Vitro Technologies) containing 1 million cells per mL. Samples were taken at 0, 60 and 120 minutes. The reactions were terminated with addition of acetonitrile. Samples were analyzed by LC/MS, monitoring for the loss of parent compound and the appearance of glucuronide. Pharmacology Compounds of the disclosure are gamma secretase modulators (GSMs), i.e., compounds that act to shift the relative levels of AD peptides produced by y-secretase. In some cases the compounds alter the relative levels of AD peptides produced by y-secretase without significantly changing the total level of AD peptides produced. Certain compounds of the disclosure modulate y secretase activity with respect to APP proteolytic processing and in so doing lower the production of A0 42 both in vitro in cells and in vivo in animals. In some cases this effect occurs at concentrations that do not significantly impair the viability of cells in vitro and at doses that are well tolerated in vivo. Certain compounds of the disclosure lower A3 4 2 secretion in native 308 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 neuronal and cellular construct assay systems with EC 50 values that are below 1 micromolar (Class A compounds, Table 14) while others have EC 50 values from 1-5 micromolar (Class B compounds, Table 14) and others have EC 50 values greater than 5 micromolar (Class C compounds). Certain compounds of the disclosure do not appear to significantly interfere with y secretase related Notch processing activity. Compounds that significantly interfere with y secretase related Notch processing activity have been associated with toxic side-effects. Certain compounds of the disclosure have favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in animals. Thus, certain of the compounds are orally bioavailable, penetrate into the brain and have favorable PK parameters including half-life and clearance supporting pharmaceutical application in humans. In turn, certain compounds of the disclosure significantly lower A3 4 2 production in the brains of of non-transgenic and transgenic animals animals after single dose and multi-dose oral administration with no overt side effects. For certain compounds of the disclosure single oral doses of<30 milligrams/kilogram are efficacious at lowering A3 42 production in the brains of rats (e.g. Sprague-Dawley) and wild type mice (e.g. C57BL/6). Certain compounds of the disclosure which lower A3 42 at doses of <30 milligrams/kilogram appear to be well tolerated and show no overt or clinical chemical toxicity after subchronic 14-day administration at doses >30 milligrams/kilogram/day. Certain compounds of the disclosure have favorable absorption distribution-metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties. Moreover, certain compounds of the disclosure do not appear to significantly bio-accumulate in tissues especially in the brain. Compounds of Formulas I-IX wherein A = CO 2 H show favorable profiles with respect to acylglucoronide (A = CO 2 Glu) metabolite formation. The potential for acylglucoronide metabolites to cause of toxicity has been described particularly for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) containing carboxylic acid groups (Ebner et al Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1999,27(10),1143-49) . Several such NSAIDs have been removed from the market due to idiosyncratic toxicity in humans and it has been speculated that NSAID idiosyncratic toxicity is related to the relative load and relative reactivity of acylglucoronide metabolites. Therefore, carboxylic acid compounds which are less prone to acylgluconoride formation are expected to be less toxic. As measured using established in vitro assay systems, certain desirable compounds of the disclosure are less prone to acylglucoronidation than NSAID compounds that remain on the market are regarded as safe (e.g., flurbiprofen). Dosage and Administration 309 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 The present disclosure includes pharmaceutical composition for treating a subject having a neurological disorder comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formulas I - IX, a derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent. The pharmaceutical compositions can be administered in a variety of dosage forms including, but not limited to, a solid dosage form or in a liquid dosage form, an oral dosage form, a parenteral dosage form, an intranasal dosage form, a suppository, a lozenge, a troche, buccal, a controlled release dosage form, a pulsed release dosage form, an immediate release dosage form, an intravenous solution, a suspension or combinations thereof. The dosage can be an oral dosage form that is a controlled release dosage form. The oral dosage form can be a tablet or a caplet. The compounds can be administered, for example, by oral or parenteral routes, including intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, transdermal, airway (aerosol), rectal, vaginal and topical (including buccal and sublingual) administration. In one embodiment, the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds are delivered to a desired site, such as the brain, by continuous injection via a shunt. In another embodiment, the compound can be administered parenterally, such as intravenous (i.v.) administration. The formulations for administration will commonly comprise a solution of the compound of the Formulas I - IX dissolved in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water and Ringer's solution, an isotonic sodium chloride. In addition, sterile fixed oils can conventionally be employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid can likewise be used in the preparation of injectables. These solutions are sterile and generally free of undesirable matter. These formulations may be sterilized by conventional, well known sterilization techniques. The formulations may contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as required to approximate physiological conditions such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, toxicity adjusting agents, e.g., sodium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium lactate and the like. The concentration of compound of Formulas I - IX in these formulations can vary widely, and will be selected primarily based on fluid volumes, viscosities, body weight, and the like, in accordance with the particular mode of administration selected and the patient's needs. For i.v. administration, the formulation can be a sterile injectable preparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This 310 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 suspension can be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation can also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a nontoxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution of 1,3-butanediol. In one embodiment, a compound of Formulas I - IX can be administered by introduction into the central nervous system of the subject, e.g., into the cerbrospinal fluid of the subject. The formulations for administration will commonly comprise a solution of the compound of Formulas I - IX dissolved in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In certain aspects, the compound of Formulas I - IX is introduced intrathecally, e.g., into a cerebral ventricle, the lumbar area, or the cisterna magna. In another aspect, the compound of Formulas I -IX is introduced intraocullarly, to thereby contact retinal ganglion cells. The pharmaceutically acceptable formulations can easily be suspended in aqueous vehicles and introduced through conventional hypodermic needles or using infusion pumps. Prior to introduction, the formulations can be sterilized with, preferably, gamma radiation or electron beam sterilization. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formulas I -IX is administered into a subject intrathecally. As used herein, the term "intrathecal administration" is intended to include delivering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formulas I - IX directly into the cerebrospinal fluid of a subject, by techniques including lateral cerebroventricular injection through a burrhole or cisternal or lumbar puncture or the like (described in Lazorthes et al. Advances in Drug Delivery Systems and Applications in Neurosurgery, 143-192 and Omaya et al., Cancer Drug Delivery, 1: 169-179, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference). The term "lumbar region" is intended to include the area between the third and fourth lumbar (lower back) vertebrae. The term "cisterna magna" is intended to include the area where the skull ends and the spinal cord begins at the back of the head. The term "cerebral ventricle" is intended to include the cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. Administration of a compound of Formulas I -IX to any of the above mentioned sites can be achieved by direct injection of the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formulas I - IX or by the use of infusion pumps. For injection, the pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated in liquid solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hank's solution or Ringer's 311 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 solution. In addition, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in solid form and re dissolved or suspended immediately prior to use. Lyophilized forms are also included. The injection can be, for example, in the form of a bolus injection or continuous infusion (e.g., using infusion pumps) of pharmaceutical composition. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formulas I - IX is administered by lateral cerebro ventricular injection into the brain of a subject. The injection can be made, for example, through a burr hole made in the subject's skull. In another embodiment, the encapsulated therapeutic agent is administered through a surgically inserted shunt into the cerebral ventricle of a subject. For example, the injection can be made into the lateral ventricles, which are larger, even though injection into the third and fourth smaller ventricles can also be made. In yet another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is administered by injection into the cisterna magna, or lumbar area of a subject. For oral administration, the compounds will generally be provided in unit dosage forms of a tablet, pill, dragee, lozenge or capsule; as a powder or granules; or as an aqueous solution, suspension, liquid, gels, syrup, slurry, etc. suitable for ingestion by the patient. Tablets for oral use may include the active ingredients mixed with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as inert diluents, disintegrating agents, binding agents, lubricating agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservatives. Suitable inert diluents include sodium and calcium carbonate, sodium and calcium phosphate, and lactose, while corn starch and alginic acid are suitable disintegrating agents. Binding agents may include starch and gelatin, while the lubricating agent, if present, will generally be magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. If desired, the tablets may be coated with a material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, to delay absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained through combination of a compound of Formulas I - IX with a solid excipient, optionally grinding a resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable additional compounds, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores. Suitable solid excipients in addition to those previously mentioned are carbohydrate or protein fillers that include, but are not limited to, sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; starch from corn, wheat, rice, potato, or other 312 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 plants; cellulose such as methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose or sodium carboxymethylcellulose; and gums including arabic and tragacanth; as well as proteins such as gelatin and collagen. If desired, disintegrating or solubilizing agents may be added, such as the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, alginic acid, or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate. Capsules for oral use include hard gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with a solid diluent, and soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredients is mixed with water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil. Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings. For this purpose, concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active compound doses. For transmucosal administration (e.g., buccal, rectal, nasal, ocular, etc.), penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art. Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising for example cocoa butter or a salicylate. Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate. For intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intravenous use, the compounds will generally be provided in sterile aqueous solutions or suspensions, buffered to an appropriate pH and isotonicity. Suitable aqueous vehicles include Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride. Aqueous suspensions may include suspending agents such as cellulose derivatives, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and gum tragacanth, and a wetting agent such as lecithin. Suitable preservatives for aqueous suspensions include ethyl and n-propyl p hydroxybenzoate. The suppositories for rectal administration of the drug can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperatures and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols. 313 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 The compounds can be delivered transdermally, by a topical route, formulated as applicator sticks, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, gels, creams, ointments, pastes, jellies, paints, powders, or aerosols. The compounds may also be presented as aqueous or liposome formulations. Aqueous suspensions can contain a compound of Formulas I - IX in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients include a suspending agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia, and dispersing or wetting agents such as a naturally occurring phosphatide (e.g., lecithin), a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid (e.g., polyoxyethylene stearate), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol (e.g., heptadecaethylene oxycetanol), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and a hexitol (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitol mono-oleate), or a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from fatty acid and a hexitol anhydride (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate). The aqueous suspension can also contain one or more preservatives such as ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose, aspartame or saccharin. Formulations can be adjusted for osmolarity. Oil suspensions can be formulated by suspending a compound of Formulas I -IX in a vegetable oil, such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin; or a mixture of these. The oil suspensions can contain a thickening agent, such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents can be added to provide a palatable oral preparation, such as glycerol, sorbitol or sucrose. These formulations can be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid. As an example of an injectable oil vehicle, see Minto, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281:93-102, 1997. The pharmaceutical formulations can also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase can be a vegetable oil or a mineral oil, described above, or a mixture of these. Suitable emulsifying agents include naturally occurring gums, such as gum acacia and gum tragacanth, naturally occurring phosphatides, such as soybean lecithin, esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, such as sorbitan mono-oleate, and condensation products of these partial esters with ethylene oxide, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate. The emulsion can also contain sweetening agents 314 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 and flavoring agents, as in the formulation of syrups and elixirs. Such formulations can also contain a demulcent, a preservative, or a coloring agent. In addition to the formulations described previously, the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation or transcutaneous delivery (e.g., subcutaneously or intramuscularly), intramuscular injection or a transdermal patch. Thus, for example, the compounds may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (e.g., as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt. The pharmaceutical compositions also may comprise suitable solid or gel phase carriers or excipients. Examples of such carriers or excipients include but are not limited to calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars, starches, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, and polymers such as polyethylene glycols. For administration by inhalation, the compounds are conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurized aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges of e.g., gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch. In general a suitable dose will be in the range of 0.01 to 100 mg per kilogram body weight of the recipient per day, preferably in the range of 0.2 to 10 mg per kilogram body weight per day. The desired dose is preferably presented once daily, but may be dosed as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-doses administered at appropriate intervals throughout the day. The compounds can be administered as the sole active agent, or in combination with other known therapeutics to be beneficial in the treatment of neurological disorders. In any event, the administering physician can provide a method of treatment that is prophylactic or therapeutic by adjusting the amount and timing of drug administration on the basis of observations of one or more symptoms (e.g., motor or cognitive function as measured by standard clinical scales or assessments) of the disorder being treated. 315 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 Details on techniques for formulation and administration are well described in the scientific and patent literature, see, e.g., the latest edition of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maack Publishing Co, Easton Pa. ("Remington'sAfter a pharmaceutical composition has been formulated in an acceptable carrier, it can be placed in an appropriate container and labeled for treatment of an indicated condition. For administration of the compounds of Formulas I - IX, such labeling would include, e.g., instructions concerning the amount, frequency and method of administration. 316

Claims (62)

1. A compound of Formula I or II R3 R4 R4 A R3 A R 1 R 2 R 5 R 1 R 2 (I) (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: A is CO 2 H; R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: (a) H, (b) F, (c) OH, (d) OR 6 , (e) SR 6 , (f) NHR 7 , (g) N(R7) 2 , (h) NHC(O)R 6 , (i) NHCO 2 Rs, (j) (C 2 -C 6 )alkyl, (k) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 C7)cycloalkyl, (1) a C 1 -C 6 alkyl that is independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 - groups, (M) (C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl, (n) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl, (o) heterocycloalkylalky, and (p) (CH 2 ) 1 Q wherein n= 0-2 and wherein Q is a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, and wherein Q is optionally independently substituted with up to 3 groups selected from alkyl, halogen, CF 3 , OH, OCF 3 , alkoxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , NH 2 , alkylamino, dialkylamino, morpholino, CN, NO 2 , alkylthio and alkylsulfonyl, wherein each alkyl or cycloalkyl of R 1 and R 2 is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, provided that both R 1 and R2 are not H, or R 1 and R2 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring which optionally bears a C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituent that can be optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, oxo,cyano, CF 3 , CI-C 4 alkyl or 317 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with R 20 and R21 wherein R 20 and R21 taken together with the carbon or carbons to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring wherein each cycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, cyano, CF 3 , CI-C 4 alkyl; R 6 is selected from: (a) C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O), or -S(O) 2 - groups, (b) (C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl, (c) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl, (d) heterocycloalkylalkyl and (e) (CH 2 ) 1 Q wherein n= 0-2 and wherein Q is a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, and wherein Q is optionally independently substituted with up to 3 groups selected from alkyl, halogen, CF 3 , OH, OCF 3 , alkoxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , NH 2 , alkylamino, dialkylamino, morpholino, CN, NO 2 , alkylthio and alkylsulfonyl; each R7 is independently selected from CI-C 6 alkyl, alkoxyethyl, (C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl, (Co C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and (CH 2 )nQ, wherein n= 0-2 and wherein Q is a mono or bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C and wherein Q is optionally substituted with up to 3 groups independently selected from alkyl, halogen, CF 3 , OH, OCF 3 , alkoxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , NH 2 , alkylamino, dialkylamino, morpholino, CN, NO 2 , alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl; or in the case when two R 7 are attached to the same N and are both alkyl, they can be taken together to form a 5 membered or 6-membered ring optionally containing 0, S, N(H) or N-alkyl; X is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0-, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(R7)-, CH(R 7 )O-, - OCH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH-, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 0-, -CH 2 0CH 2 -, CH 2 CH 2 0-, -S-, -SCH 2 -, CH 2 S- , -CH 2 SCH 2 -, -C(O)NH-, -C(O)N(R 7 )-, -NHC(O)-, -N(R7)C(O)-, 318 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 -S(O)-, -S(0 2 )-, -S(O) 2 N(H)-, -S(O) 2 N(R 7 )- , -N(H)S(O) 2 -, -N(R 7 )S(O) 2 - wherein the point of attachment of divalent linking groups, X, to R 3 in the Formulas I and II is to the right; Y is a bond or a divalent linking group selected from -0-, -OCH 2 -, -OCH(R 7 ), CH(R 7 )O- OCH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH=CH-, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 0-, -CH 2 0CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 0-, -S-, SCH 2 -, CH 2 S- , -CH 2 SCH 2 -, -C(O)NH-, -C(O)N(R 7 )-, -NHC(O)-, -N(R 7 )C(O)-, -S(O)-, -S(0 2 )-, -S(O) 2 N(H)-, -S(O) 2 N(R 7 )- , -N(H)S(O) 2 -, -N(R 7 )S(O) 2 - wherein the point of attachment of divalent linking groups, Y, to R 4 in the Formulas I and II is to the right; R 3 is selected from: (a) C 1 -C 7 alkyl optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, and -S(O) 2 - groups, (b) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (c) heterocycloalkylalkyl, and (d) Z, wherein Z is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 3 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 , OC(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 R 6 , S(O) 2 NHR 7 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ) 2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7 ) 2 , NHC(O)R 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)R 6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)OR 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)NH(R 7 ), N(R 7 )C(O)NH(R 7 ) 2 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , CO 2 H, CO 2 R 6 , COR 6 ; R 4 is selected from: (a) C 1 -C 7 alkyl group optionally and independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 - groups, (b) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (c) heterocycloalkylalkyl and (d) Z, wherein Z is a mono-or bi-cyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, Cl -C4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR, OC(O)NHR 7 , OC(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , 319 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968 S(O) 2 R 6 , S(O) 2 NHR 7 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ) 2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7 ) 2 , NHC(O)R 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)R 6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)OR, N(R 7 )C(O)NH(R 7 ), N(R 7 )C(O)NH(R 7 ) 2 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , CO 2 H, C0 2 R 6 , COR 6 ; and R 5 is selected from: NO 2 , NH 2 , aryl, heteroaryl, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, SR 6 , S(O)2R6 or S(O) 2 N(R 7 ) 2 , (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, -O(Co-C 3 alkyl)(C 3 C 7 )cycloalkyl, and (C 2 -C 4 ) alkynyl, wherein each alkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1 -C 4 alkyl, provided that one or both of R 3 and R4 is Z.

2. The compound of claim 1 having a formula selected from Formula III, Formula IV, Formula V Formula VI, Formula VII, Formula VIII, and Formula IX: R 1 R2 CO2H R 1 R2 CO2H R 1 R2 CO2H R 1 R2 CO2H III IV V VI R1 R2 CO2H R1 R2 CO2H R1 R2 CO2H R5 I R5 R4, / Z Z XR3 R4 / YZ R5 VII VIII IX

3. The compound of claim 2 having Formula III.

4. The compound of claim 2 having Formula IV. 320 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

5. The compound of claim 2 having Formula V.

6. The compound of claim 2 having Formula VI.

7. The compound of claim 2 having Formula VII.

8. The compound of claim 2 having Formula VIII.

9. The compound of claim 2 having Formula IX.

10. The compound of any of claims 1-9 wherein: R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: (a) H, (b) F, (c) OH, (d) OR 6 , (e) SRs, (f) NHR 7 , (g) N(R 7 ) 2 , (h) NHC(O)R 6 , (i) NHCO 2 R 6 , (j) (C 2 -C 6 )alkyl, (k) (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (1) Cl-C 6 alkyl that is independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O) 2 - groups, (M) (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (n) (Co C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (o) heterocycloalkylalky and (p) (CH 2 )nQ wherein n= 0-2 and wherein Q is a mono- or bicyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, and wherein Q is optionally independently substituted with up to 3 groups selected from alkyl, halogen, CF 3 , OH, OCF 3 , alkoxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , NH 2 , alkylamino, dialkylamino, morpholino, CN, NO 2 , alkylthio and alkylsulfonyl, wherein each alkyl or cycloalkyl of R 1 and R 2 is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1 -C 4 alkyl, provided that both R 1 and R 2 are not H.

11. The compound of any of claims 1-10 wherein: R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, OR 6 , SR 6 , (C 2 -C 6 )alkyl, (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, provided that both R 1 and R 2 are not H.

12. The compound of any of claims 1-10 wherein R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring which optionally bears a C 1 -C 4 alkyl substituent that can be optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxyl or oxo. 321 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

13. The compound of any of claims 1-10 wherein R 1 and R 2 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted with R 2 0 and R 21 , wherein R 2 0 and R21 are taken together with the carbon or carbons to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring wherein each cycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , CI-C 4 alkyl.

14. The compound of any of claims 1-9 and 13 wherein R 20 and R21 are bound to the same carbon.

15. The compound of any of claims 1-10 wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (C 2 -C 6 )alkyl, and (CI-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, provided that not both R 1 and R 2 are H, wherein each alkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , C 1 -C 4 alkyl.

16. The compound of any of claims 1-9 and 12 wherein R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring which is optionally independently substituted with one or more halo or C 1 -C 4 alkyl.

17. The compound of any of claims 1-10 wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: H, (C 2 -C 6 )alkyl, and (CI-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, provided that not both R 1 and R 2 are H.

18 The compound of any of claims 1-17 wherein: R 3 is a C 1 -C 7 alkyl independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, and -S(O) 2 groups.

19. The compound of any of claims 1-17 wherein: R 4 is a C 1 -C 7 alkyl group independently interrupted by one or more -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, or -S(O)2 groups.

20. The compound of any of claims 1-17 wherein: R 3 is (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl. 322 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

21. The compound of any of claims 1-17 wherein: R 4 is (Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl.

22. The compound of any of claims 1-17 wherein: R 3 is (C1-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl.

23. The compound of any of claims 1-17 wherein: R 4 is (C1-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl.

24. The compound of any of claims 1-19 and 21 wherein: R 3 is Z, wherein Z is a monocyclic or bibcyclic ring system having 3 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 , OC(O)NHR 7 , OC(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 R 6 , S(O) 2 NHR 7 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ) 2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7 ) 2 , NHC(O)R 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)R 6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)OR 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)NH(R 7 ), N(R 7 )C(O)NH(R 7 ) 2 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , CO 2 H, CO 2 R 6 , COR 6 .

25. The compound of any of claims 1-20 and 22 wherein: R 4 is Z, wherein Z is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring system having 5 to 10 ring atoms independently selected from C, N, 0 and S, provided that not more than 3 ring atoms in any single ring are other than C, said ring system optionally bearing up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OH, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR, OC(O)NHR 7 , OC(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , SR 6 , S(O)R 6 , S(O) 2 R 6 , S(O) 2 NHR 7 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ) 2 , NHR 7 , N(R 7 ) 2 , NHC(O)R 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)R 6 , NHC(O)OR 6 , N(R 7 )C(O)OR, N(R 7 )C(O)NH(R 7 ), N(R 7 )C(O)NH(R 7 ) 2 , C(O)NH 2 , C(O)NHR 7 , C(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , CO 2 H, C0 2 R 6 , COR 6 .

26. The compound of any of claims 1-25 wherein Z is monocyclic.

27. The compound of any of claims 1-25 wherein Z is bicylic. 323 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

28. The compound of any of claims 1-25 wherein Z is an aryl group.

29. The compound of claim 28 wherein Z is an optionally substituted phenyl.

30. The compound of any of claims 1-25 wherein Z is a heteroaryl group.

31. The compound of any claims 1-30 wherein X is selected from: a bond and a divalent linking group selected from -0-, -OCH 2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH 2 0-, -S-, -SCH 2 -, and CH 2 S - wherein the point of attachment of divalent linking groups, X, to R 3 in the Formulas I, II IV, V and VIII is to the right.

32. The compound of any claims 1-30 wherein Y is selected from: a bond and a divalent linking group selected from -0-, -OCH 2 -, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- , -CH 2 0-, -S-, -SCH 2 -, and CH 2 S - wherein the point of attachment of divalent linking groups, X, to R 3 in the Formulas I, II, III, VI, VII and IX is to the right.

33. The compound of any of claims 1-30 wherein Y is -0-.

34. The compound of any of claims 1-30 wherein Y is -S-.

35. The compound of any of claims 1-30 wherein Y is a bond.

36. The compound of any of claims 1-35 wherein X is -0-.

37. The compound of any of claims 1-35 wherein X is -S-.

38. The compound of any of claims 1-35 wherein X is a bond.

39. The compound of any of claims 1-38 wherein R 5 is NO 2 , NH 2 , F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, -O(Co-C 3 alkyl)(C 3 -C 7 )clycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, wherein each alkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, CF 3 , and C 1 -C 4 alkyl. 324 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

40. The compound of any of claims 1-38 wherein R 5 is NO 2 , NH 2 , F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, -O(Co-C 3 alkyl)(C 3 -C7)clycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, wherein each alkyl is optionally independently singly or multiply substituted with halo.

41. The compound of any of claims 1-38 wherein R 5 is selected from: F, Cl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, wherein each alkyl is optionally multiply and independently substituted with halo.

42. The compound of any of claims 1 and 18-41 wherein one of R 1 and R2 is an optionally substituted (C 2 -C 6 )alkyl.

43. The compound of any of claims 1 and 18-41 wherein one of R 1 and R2 is an optionally substituted (C 3 -C 6 )alkyl.

44. The compound of any of claims 1 and 18-41 wherein R 1 and R2 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring.

45. The compound of any of claims 1 and 18-41 wherein R 1 and R2 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring substituted on the same carbon with R 20 and R21 wherein R20 and R21 are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3-7 membered cycloalkyl ring.

46. The compound of any of claims 1 and 18-41 wherein one of R 1 and R 2 is a (C 1 C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C7)cycloalkyl.

47. The compound of any of claims 1 and 18-41 wherein one of R 1 and R2 is a (C 3 C 7 )cycloalkyl.

48. The compound of any of claims 1-47 wherein R 1 is H.

49. The compound of any of claims 1-48 where R 1 and R 2 if not H are unsubstituted, except that when R 1 and R 2 are taken with the carbon to which they are attached form C 3 -C 7 ring, the ring may be substituted with R 20 and R21, which themselves are unsubstituted. 325 WO 2009/086277 PCT/US2008/087968

50. The compound of any of claims 1-49 where Z is optionally substituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR, SR 6 , NHR 7 , N(R 7 ) 2 CO 2 H, C0 2 R 6 or COR 6 .

51. The compound of any of claims 1-49 where Z is optionally substituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, aryloxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 or SR 6 .

52. The compound of any of claims 1-49 where Z is optionally substituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, R 6 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, OCH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , OC(O)R 6 , OC(O)OR 6 or SR 6 .

53. The compound of any of claims 1-49 where Z is optionally substituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, (Co-C 3 )alkyl (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, CF 3 , C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or SR 6 .

54. The compound of any of claims 1-49 where Z is optionally substituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from F, Cl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, CF 3 , C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, S-(CI-C 4 )alkyl or S-(Co-C 3 )alkyl-(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl.

55. The compound of any of claims 1-49 where Z is optionally substituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from F, Cl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, CF 3 , C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or S-(CI-C 3 )alkyl.

56. The compound of any of claims 1-49 where Z is substituted with up to 3 susbstituents independently selected from CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCH 2 CF 3 , F, Cl, SMe, Me, Et or i-Pr.

57. The compound of any of claims 1-49 where Z is substituted once with CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCH 2 CF 3 , F, Cl, SMe, Me, Et or iPr.

58. The compound of any of claims 1-26, 28-29 and 31-57 where Z is a 4-substituted phenyl.

59. The compound selected from examples 100-3217.

60. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any of claims 1-59 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

61. A method for treating a neurodegenerative disorder comprising administering to a patient and effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 60.

62. The method of claim 61 wherein the disorder is Alzheimer's disease. 326