AU2013202526A1 - A dosage form containing two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients in different physical forms - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract A dosage form for administration of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients to a subject, comprising a first pharmaceutical composition comprising a first 5 active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a first physical form selected from the group consisting of powder, granule, pellet, bead or mini-tablet form, and at least a second pharmaceutical composition comprising a 10 second active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a second physical form selected from the group consisting of granule, pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet form, wherein the composition is characterised in that said 15 first and second physical forms are selected to be different to minimise interactions between said first and second pharmaceutical compositions and to allow separation of said first and second pharmaceutical compositions for analysis on the basis of size difference.

Description

- 1 A DOSAGE FORM CONTAINING TWO OR MORE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS IN DIFFERENT PHYSICAL FORMS Technical Field The present invention relates to formulation of two 5 or more pharmaceutical compositions into a dosage form. Background Art Pharmaceutical preparations are available that are based on the concomitant dosing of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) . There have been various 10 means to achieve this multiple API dosing including discrete dosage forms for each API, contained in a single package, multiple APIs in the one dosage form, multiple layers of different APIs in a compressed tablet. The provision of packaging such as blister packs 15 containing separate dosage forms for each API is not preferred as the person administering the API, including the patient per se, may confuse the different drugs with the consequent overdosing of one API whilst a second API is not dosed at all. EP 1003503 discloses a pharmaceutical 20 composition containing amlodipine and atorvastatin that can be formulated in a single conventional dosage form or as part of a kit containing separate dosage forms for each API. U.S. Pat. No. 6,417,191 discloses the combination of 25 abacavir with lamivudine and optionally also zidovudine through simple admixture of these compounds and formulation with a suitable carrier. However, multiple APIs in a single dosage form can present problems of interaction of one API with another, an API with an 30 excipient and/or different APIs requiring different release characteristics such as release-rate or the proximity of release in the gastrointestinal tract for example in the stomach, large or small intestine, or colon.

- 2 Many APIs exhibit some form of interaction with other APIs and/or with one or more of the many commonly used pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. One such classical interaction is the Maillard Reaction between an API 5 containing a primary amine group and lactose, an extremely commonly used filler. This interaction forms a lactoside compound that may not exhibit any therapeutic effect, may cause the product to fail or worse still, the lactoside compound may be toxic and cause harmful side effects. This 10 interaction with lactose can be seen with APIs such as amino acids, aminophylline, amphetamines and lisinopril. Another well known interaction is that of some of the common proton pump inhibitor compounds and acidic excipients. APIs such as omeprazole, pantoprazole and 15 lansoprazole are acid labile compounds that have been provided as enteric coated products to bypass the acidic environment of the stomach and release the API further down the GI tract where the pH is higher and the environment will not degrade the API before it can be 20 absorbed. However, the most common enteric coating polymers are also acidic in nature. Therefore, these APIs contained in the core of the tablet, pellet or bead require additional protection from the acidic enteric coating polymer. 25 An example of how difficult it can be to formulate combined products with respect to excipient selection is shown wherein the API, olanzapine, has been found to interact with microcrystalline cellulose, a commonly used disintegrant and filler. This product is also marketed as 30 a combined treatment with fluoxetine. As stated above, lactose interacts with primary amines and fluoxetine is a primary amine so there is potential for an interaction between these two ingredients. Thus a replacement filler would be required in order to formulate the fluoxetine 35 into a tablet. Another common filler of choice is micro crystalline cellulose, however, due its interaction with the olanzapine, it cannot be used in a single dosage form - 3 containing both fluoxetine and olanzapine. Thus it becomes increasingly difficult to formulate more than one API into a single dosage form with acceptable excipients that do not interact with one or more of the APIs or other 5 excipients. Additional problems are associated with multi-layered compressed tablets as specialised compression equipment is required for preparation. Also, the separate layers may not eliminate the interactions between APIs or between API 10 and excipient. Additional layers of an inert separating material can be used but this increases time, cost and complexity of the formulation of the compressed tablet. WO 2004/060355 discloses an example of a multi-layered tablet comprising a triptan in one layer and naproxen in another 15 layer. There is optionally a separating layer between the two layers containing the APIs. WO 01/35941 discloses a combination of metformin hydrochloride and a thiazolidinedione ("glitazone") whereby each API is dispersed in its own pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 20 In one preferred embodiment each of these separate compositions are contained in separate zones in a single dosage form, for example as compressed separate layers of a multi-layered tablet. Alternatively, a core optionally containing an API, 25 can be sprayed with a layer of API-containing, film forming polymer. This can subsequently be sprayed with further layers comprising the same or different API and/or with some form of cosmetic, protective or rate-release control polymeric coating. Such cosmetic coatings can be a 30 colour coat for cosmetic appeal, enhanced product presentation, taste-masking and product differentiation. Protective coatings can be used such as moisture barriers or protection against acidic environments. Rate-release control coatings can be pH solubility specific such as 35 enteric coatings, pH insoluble coatings utilised with an osmotic pump system and a minute hole in the coating to control the release of the API or swellable polymers that - 4 control the rate of release of the API substance. Many such coatings are well known in the industry for each type of coating mentioned above. WO 2004/060355 also discloses an example whereby sumatriptan succinate is included in a 5 film-coat that is applied to a core containing naproxen sodium. WO 2004/038428 discloses a formulation containing tramadol hydrochloride and acetaminophen to provide controlled-release of the API in the core and faster release of the API in the coating. WO 98/06385 discloses a 10 similar coated core whereby both the core and the coating independently contain at least one API, different from the other. Such spray layered products are time-consuming to manufacture and consequently exhibit a higher cost and 15 complexity of manufacture. Additionally, the amount of API used in the coating solution must be larger than the amount required due to some of the coating solution passing through the tablet bed and being captured outside of the coating pan. The uniformity of dose is also 20 difficult to achieve with the subsequent statistical coefficient of variation potentially being too large to be acceptable for release to market. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,026,560 and 5,516,531 disclose non-pareil beads having a core coated with a binder and spraying powder containing a drug 25 and low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose. U.S. Pat. No. 6,015,577 discloses pellets of dipyridamole encapsulated with an acetylsalicylic acid tablet. The acetylsalicylic acid component is not free from acetic acid, which forms by cleavage of 30 acetylsalicylic acid during storage, and acetic acid reacts with dipyridamole to form hygroscopic salts and esters and thereby degrade it. Therefore the tablet is coated with a coating suspension comprising sucrose, gum arabic and talc, the purpose being to separate the two 35 APIs and so prevent degradation of dipyridamole over time in storage. U.S. Pat. Appl. 2006/0062856 discloses a controlled release formulation comprising particles of - 5 galantamine wherein the particles are coated by a release rate controlling membrane coating. It further discloses a dosage form wherein part of the galantamine is present as this controlled release formulation and another part is 5 present in an immediate release form, preferably as mini tablets. U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,531 discloses a controlled release dosage form to release zolpidem according to a biphasic in vitro dissolution profile. The two phases can be achieved by employing a controlled release dosage form 10 comprising pellets spray-coated with a layer of 20% by mass of microcrystalline cellulose or a coated tablet and an immediate release dosage form comprising pellets or tablets incorporated into a larger tablet or capsule. This patent also discloses multilayer and multicoated tablets. 15 In addition to interactions between ingredients, it has also been seen that one API or one or more of the excipients used may interfere with the testing of one or both APIs in analytical testing methods. One example of this has been seen on High Performance Liquid 20 Chromatography (HPLC) analysis where more than one API, an API and an excipient or an API and a related substance from another API co-elute at the same time thereby not allowing for the accurate quantitative determination of each separate substance. Similarly, excipient peaks can 25 interfere and/or mask important API peaks in analytical techniques such as Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR & FTIR), Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR), X-Ray Powder Diffractometry (XRPD) or Raman Spectroscopy. Similarly based interference can be 30 seen with other spectroscopic or chromatographic analytical techniques for other APIs and formulations. Thus there is a need for a dosage form to be developed that can overcome the difficulties of the prior art. More particularly, there is a need for a simple and 35 cost-effective means to manufacture a dosage form which allows easy laboratory testing and that limits the potential of interactions of one API with further API(s) - 6 or with one or more of the excipients utilised in the formulation. Summary of the invention The present invention relates to a dosage form 5 containing two or more APIs in different physical forms selected from powder form , granules, pellets, beads, mini-tablets and tablets. Each API is formulated separately into a discrete pharmaceutical composition and the discrete pharmaceutical compositions are formulated 10 into a dosage form. This different physical form of the two compositions serves to minimise interactions between one API and another, or between an API and any of the excipients. This approach gives greater control over rates and/or proximity of release of the APIs and gives greater 15 control of the uniformity of dose as discrete pharmaceutical formulations are employed. This may be contrasted to the traditional method of formulating a combination pharmaceutical product where one or both pharmaceuticals are available as mono-therapies which 20 involves making changes to these formulations to incorporate the second API or the modified method of manufacture. The present invention allows at least one formulation to remain the same as what may already be manufactured, leading to greater manufacturing and cost 25 efficiencies, and time savings. Furthermore, the present invention allows for analytical testing of products containing two or more APIs to be facilitated through physical separation of the different APIs prior to testing on the basis of the differing size of the units used in 30 the dosage form. This separation of the APIs means that analytical testing can take place on each individual API without interferences from other APIs, related substances and/or excipients. In a first aspect of the invention there is provided 35 a dosage form for administration of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients to a subject, comprising a first pharmaceutical composition comprising a first active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a first physical form selected from the group consisting of powder, 5 granule, pellet, bead or mini-tablet form, and at least a second pharmaceutical composition comprising a second active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a second physical form selected from the group consisting of 10 granule, pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet form, wherein the composition is characterised in that said first and second physical forms are selected to be different to minimise interactions between said first and second pharmaceutical compositions and to allow separation 15 of said first and second pharmaceutical compositions for analysis on the basis of size difference. In a further aspect there is provided a dosage form comprising two or more APIs whereby the dosage form contains a first composition comprising a first API and 20 optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and a second composition comprising a second API with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients wherein the composition is further characterised in that the first and second compositions 25 can be easily separated. In a still further aspect there is provided a method of formulating a dosage form comprising a two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients, comprising: providing a first pharmaceutical composition 30 comprising a first active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a first physical form selected from the group consisting of powder, granule, pellet, bead or mini tablet form; and 35 providing at least a second pharmaceutical composition comprising a second active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically - 8 acceptable excipients in a second physical form selected from the group consisting of granule, pellet, bead, mini tablet or tablet form; combining said first and second pharmaceutical 5 compositions into said dosage form; wherein said first and second physical forms are selected to be different to minimise interactions between said first and second pharmaceutical compositions and to allow separation of said first and second pharmaceutical 10 compositions for analysis on the basis of size difference. In a still further aspect there is provided a method of preparing a dosage form comprising two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients for analysis of said active pharmaceutical ingredients, said dosage form comprising a 15 first pharmaceutical composition comprising a first active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a first physical form selected from the group consisting of powder, granule, pellet, bead or mini-tablet form, and at least a 20 second pharmaceutical composition comprising a second active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a second physical form selected from the group consisting of granule, pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet form, wherein 25 separation of said first and second pharmaceutical compositions for analysis on the basis of size difference is undertaken. Detailed description of preferred embodiments It will be apparent to the skilled addressee that the 30 separate compositions comprising a dosage form according to the invention shall be of such different particle sizes such that separation thereof by physical or other means for analytical testing is a straightforward, simple pro cedure. An example of such a separation is by sieving the 35 product through appropriately sized screens that allow one form to pass through whilst retaining the other, manual - 9 separation by hand or by air separation techniques such as winnowing. Other separation techniques useful to achieve this aspect of the invention are well known. In a particularly preferred embodiment the first and 5 further composition(s) have distinctly different particle sizes. In a further preferred embodiment, the dosage form is such the first composition containing the first API is presented as a powder or granule composition, whilst the 10 or each further composition(s) containing one or more APIs is/are present as a pellet, bead, compressed mini-tablet or conventional tablet composition. The inclusion of one API in a powder, granule, pellet or bead form provides excellent separation of that API 15 from the other API(s) and excipients included in the granule, pellets, beads, mini-tablets or tablets. This separate presentation form limits any interaction between the first API with any of the excipients or other API(s) in the granule, pellets, beads, mini-tablets or tablets 20 upon storage. This presentation also allows for different rates and/or proximities of release of each of the different APIs in the dosage form by the use of different formulations in each dosage unit. In a particularly preferred embodiment the invention 25 relates to a pharmaceutical dosage form consisting of a pharmaceutical hard gelatin capsule comprising two or more APIs whereby the capsule contains a first API with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a powder, granule, pellet or bead form and at least one other API 30 with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a granule pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet form. In further embodiments the first API is in a powder, granule, pellet or bead form when the other API is in mini-tablet or tablet form only. 35 In further embodiments the powder, granules, pellets, beads, mini-tablets, tablets according to the invention may also be coated by conventional means. Of course it - 10 will be understood that the coating may be of any type including colour coatings, taste masking coatings or modified release coatings such as enteric and other controlled-release type coatings. 5 The term "excipient" as used herein refers to therapeutically inert, pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients that are added to a pharmaceutical formulation to act as, for example, fillers or diluents, binding agents, disintegrants, flow aids or glidants, lubricants 10 or wetting agents. Excipients falling into these and other categories of excipients are well known in pharmaceutical formulation and manufacture. The term "tablet" refers to coated or uncoated tablets, single layer or multiple layer tablets and any 15 other dosage form which has undergone a process of compression or compaction in order to form a solid dosage unit. While the need for a barrier coating to separate APIs to prevent interactions is overcome, coated tablets may constitute a component of the dosage form of the 20 invention. It will be appreciated that segregation of such compositions from another API in the dosage form still provides the advantage of easy separation of the APIs for analysis. The term "mini-tablet" refers to a compressed 25 pharmaceutical formulation that has dimensions of length, breadth or diameter of equal to or less than 5mm. The term "pellet" or "bead" refers to a formulation exhibiting a diameter of about 2mm or less, that has not been compressed but has been made by layering onto non 30 pareils or extrusion optionally followed by spheronisation or other similar known techniques. Generally pellets and beads are more spherical in appearance than mini-tablets. The term "granule" refers to a pharmaceutical formulation whereby the ingredients have been mixed 35 together in order to intimately and evenly disperse the API within some or all of the other ingredients and to increase the particle size. Well known techniques are - 11 known in the pharmaceutical industry and can be selected from wet or dry granulation. The term "composition" as used herein may also include preparations of API absent any pharmaceutically 5 acceptable excipients as well as the traditionally understood meaning of a composite of API with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The choice of APIs in a combined therapy fro inclusion into a capsule as the final dosage presentation 10 as per this invention, need to be carefully considered. There is a physical limit to the overall amount of both formulations of the first API and the other API (s) . This arises from a limit to the size of capsule that can be administered and this controls the total amount of the 15 contents that can be encapsulated into a single capsule. This limit varies dependent upon the animal to which the products is administered to. Generally, the API present in the higher dose is designated the first API. Without being held to any 20 particular theory, it is believed that the formulation of this API as a powder, granule, pellet or bead allows greater possibility to fit into a capsule with the lower dose API presented as a granule, pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet. The smaller particle size of these dosage 25 presentation forms and the lack of compressional forces during manufacture mean that these formulations require no or reduced amounts of excipients such as binder and disintegrant. This means that of the total formulation being employed, a higher proportion can be API and thus 30 the amount required to be encapsulated is much closer to the dose weight of the API involved. The compressed mini-tablet(s) or conventional tablet(s) employed as part of the second or subsequent API compositions require additional excipients, such as 35 release-rate controlling polymers, binders, disintegrants, flow-aids and lubricants. Therefore, these compressed dosage presentation forms lend themselves more towards the - 12 lower dose API where the proportion of API to excipient is much lower. Even so, the overall space required for these lower dose APIs is substantially lower than that of the first API. It will of course be understood that 5 notwithstanding the above, the first API composition may also comprise a compressed mini-tablet or conventional tablet. Additionally, the first API and second API may be the same compound but the mechanism of delivery may be 10 different. For example, the first API may be formulated into an immediate release dosage form and the second API may be formulated into an extended, sustained or delayed release dosage form or the like. The first and further API(s) can be selected from any 15 compounds having pharmaceutical activity that can be used in combination therapy. One embodiment of the invention comprises the API selected from any of the group of compounds comprising fluoxetine, metformin, milnacipran, naproxen, sulphonylureas such as glimepiride, glipizide or 20 glyburide, glitazones such as troglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or ciglitazone, diclofenac, acetaminophen (paracetamol), hydralazine, verapamil, dipyridamole, hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, the "sartans" such as candesartan, irbesartan, telmisartan, eprosartan, 25 losartan, olmesartan, valsartan, the "prils" such as quinapril, fosinopril, enalapril, ramipril, trandolapril, captopril, benazepril, lisinopril, moexipril, galantamine, bisoprolol, metoprolol, labetalol, propranolol, pindolol, spironolactone, eplerenone, methyldopa, levodopa, 30 reserpine, deserpidine, olanzapine, sulphonylureas such as glimepiride, glipizide or glyburide, glitazones such as troglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or ciglitazone, gabapentin, pregabalin, sumatriptan, misoprostol, tramadol, metoclopramide, hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride, 35 aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), lansoprazole, isosorbide, carbidopa, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, sitagliptin, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, the "statins" such as - 13 atorvastatin, simvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, ezetimibe, niacin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof. In a preferred embodiment the first API is preferably 5 fluoxetine hydrochloride or metformin hydrochloride, most preferably fluoxetine hydrochloride. The second API is preferably olanzapine, pioglitazone hydrochloride or rosiglitazone maleate, most preferably olanzapine. Once again it will be apparent to the skilled artisan that the 10 above list is exemplary and in no way limits the scope of APIs that may employed in utilising a dosage form according to the invention. A non-exhaustive list of examples of some combinations of first API and other API(s) are as listed 15 in Table 1.

- 14 Table 1 List of potential combinations of APIs First API Other API(s) Fluoxetine hydrochloride Olanzapine Metformin hydrochloride Pioglitazone hydrochloride Metformin hydrochloride Rosiglitazone maleate Metformin hydrochloride Sulphonylurea (glimepiride, glyburide, glipizide, etc) Metformin hydrochloride Pioglitazone hydrochloride & Sulphonylurea (as above) Rosiglitazone maleate Glimepiride Dipyridamole Aspirin Hydralazine Isosorbide dinitrate Verapamil Trandolapril Naproxen sodium Sumatriptan succinate Naproxen Lansoprazole Galantamine hydrobromide IR Galantamine hydrobromide ER Acetaminophen Tramadol hydrochloride Levodopa Carbidopa Sartans (losartan, Hydrochlorothiazide irbesartan, etc) Sartans (losartan, Amlodipine irbesartan, etc) Prils (quinapril, Hydrochlorothiazide fosinopril, ramipril, etc) Prils (quinapril, Felodipine ER fosinopril, ramipril, etc) Eszopiclone IR Eszopiclone ER Zopiclone IR Zopiclone ER Zolpidem IR Zolpidem CR Amoxycillin Clavulanic acid Hydralazine hydrochloride Hydrochlorothiazide and Reserpine Atorvastatin Amlodipine Simvastatin Ezetimibe - 15 Laboratory analysis was carried out on a proposed formulae containing olanzapine and fluoxetine hydro chloride as a combination product, in order to determine if any interactions occurred between the APIs or between 5 an API and a proposed excipient. The APIs alone and two initial, conventional finished dosage forms were analysed under three different storage conditions, ie. cold room storage, kept in an oven at 60*C for 7 days and stored in an incubator held at 40*C/75% RH for 6 days. The mixtures 10 of one or both APIs with an excipient were analysed under two different storage conditions, ie. kept in an oven at 60*C for 7 days and stored in an incubator held at 40*C/75% RH for 6 days. 15 The list of samples are as follows: " Fluoxetine HCl alone " Olanzapine alone " Fluoxetine HCl/Olanzapine Capsules " Fluoxetine HCl + Microcrystalline cellulose 20 m Fluoxetine HCl + Pregelatinised maize starch " Fluoxetine HCl + Maize starch " Fluoxetine HCl + Magnesium stearate " Fluoxetine HCl + Olanzapine " Fluoxetine HCl + Olanzapine + Microcrystalline cellulose 25 " Fluoxetine HCl + Olanzapine + Pregelatinised maize starch " Fluoxetine HCl + Olanzapine + Maize starch " Fluoxetine HCl + Olanzapine + Magnesium stearate " Olanzapine Tablets 30 " Olanzapine + Lactose monohydrate " Olanzapine + Microcrystalline cellulose " Olanzapine + Maize starch " Olanzapine + Pregelatinised maize starch " Olanzapine + Crospovidone 35 " Olanzapine + Magnesium stearate " Olanzapine + Opadry* II coating ingredients - 16 The fluoxetine HCl/olanzapine capsules were made by conventional techniques. The two APIs were intimately blended with the excipients listed below and then encapsulated. 5 Ingredients Weight/Unit (mg) Fluoxetine Hydrochloride 55.9 Olanzapine 6.0 Microcrystalline Cellulose 266.0 Maize Starch 40.0 Pregelatinised Maize Starch 50.8 Magnesium Stearate 5.3 The olanzapine tablets were manufactured by conventional techniques such as wet granulation, drying, crushing, blending and compression using the ingredients 10 set out below. Ingredients Weight/Unit (mg) Olanzapine 2.5 Lactose monohydrate 64.0 Microcrystalline Cellulose 16.0 Maize Starch 10.0 Pregelatinised Maize Starch 2.5 Water QS Crospovidone 4.0 Magnesium Stearate 1.0 The samples were analysed after the allotted period of time and the level of known and unknown related substances were determined by HPLC. The results showed that the detected amount of all of the known related 15 substances and the majority of unknown related substances remained constant. However, there were some unknown substances whose detected levels rose significantly over the results for the API alone. These results are set out in Tables 2 and 3.

- 17 Table 2 - Results of related substance testing on interaction samples IMPURITY SAMPLE + STORAGE CONDITION 1 2 3 4 CR 0.034 0.068 Fluox API Oven 0.039 0.067 40/75 0.041 0.069 CR 0.018 0.012 0.021 Olanz API Oven 0.022 0.014 0.019 40/75 0.022 0.012 0.019 CR 0.105 0.008 0.055 Fluox/Olanz Caps Oven 0.096 0.011 0.064 40/75 0.068 0.011 0.302 Oven 0.041 0.076 Fluox + MCC 40/75 0.039 0.082 Fluox + Pregel. Maize Oven 0.041 0.074 Starch 40/75 0.035 0.082 Oven 0.036 0.078 Fluox + Maize Starch 40/75 0.039 0.075 Oven 0.035 0.075 Fluox + Mg Stearate 40/75 0.038 0.075 Oven 0.182 0.082 0.019 0.019 Fluox + Olanz 40/75 0.149 0.080 0.017 0.018 Oven 0.175 0.107 0.057 0.024 Fluox + Olanz + MCC 40/75 0.140 0.082 0.108 0.298 Fluox + Olanz + Oven 0.175 0.082 0.016 0.023 Pregel. Maize Starch 40/75 0.150 0.083 0.015 0.028 Fluox + Olanz + Maize Oven 0.166 0.085 0.019 0.026 Starch 40/75 0.144 0.083 0.018 0.030 Fluox + Olanz + Mg Oven 0.180 0.080 0.023 0.032 Stearate 40/75 0.124 0.080 0.016 0.037 - 18 Table 3 - Results of related substance testing on interaction samples IMPURITY SAMPLE + STORAGE CONDITION A CR 0.012 Olanz API Oven 0.013 40/75 0.012 CR 0.133 Olanz Tabs Oven 0.166 40/75 0.243 Olanz + Lactose Oven 0.014 monohydrate 40/75 0.023 Oven 0.016 Olanz + MCC 40/75 0.053 Oven 0.018 Olanz + Maize Starch 40/75 0.021 Olanz + Pregel. Maize Oven 0.017 Starch 40/75 0.020 Oven 0.020 Olanz + Crospovidone 40/75 0.020 Oven 0.025 Olanz + Mg Stearate 40/75 0.025 Olanz + Opadry* II Oven 0.033 Coating 40/75 0.027 Thus, there appears to be an interaction between 5 fluoxetine hydrochloride and olanzapine that causes unknown impurities 1 and 2 to increase. Additionally, olanzapine when combined with MCC, with and without fluoxetine hydrochloride, shows an increase in unknown impurities 3, 4 & A. 10 - 19 Examples The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made 5 by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Example 1 Ingredient Weight/Unit (mg) Part A (Powder) 10 Fluoxetine HCl 27.95 Maize Starch 10.00 Pregelatinised Maize Starch 85.725 Magnesium Stearate 1.325 Part B (Mini-tablet) 15 Olanzapine 6.00 Lactose Anhydrous 47.15 Maize Starch 5.00 Pregelatinised Maize Starch 1.25 Crospovidone 2.00 20 Magnesium Stearate 0.60 TOTAL 187.00 The Part A ingredients were granulated and blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. 25 The Part B ingredients were granulated and blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The subsequent granule was compr essed into tablets. The appropriate amount of granule to provide the 30 requisite strength of fluoxetine hydrochloride was filled into an appropriately sized capsule and an olanzapine tablet was added. None of the known or unknown impurities increased significantly under stability storage conditions of 35 25*C/60%RH or 40*C/75%RH for 12 weeks.

- 20 Example 2 Ingredient Weight/Unit (mg) Part A (Granule) Metformin HCl 502.51 5 Eudragit* RL/RS 50.00 Talc 11.89 Water QS Magnesium Stearate 5.60 Part B (Mini-tablet) 10 Pioglitazone HCl 15.00 Lactose 22.125 MCC 7.375 Crospovidone 9.00 Magnesium Stearate 0.50 15 TOTAL 620.00 The Part A ingredients were wet granulated, dried, crushed and blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. 20 The Part B ingredients were blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The subsequent granule was compressed into tablets. The appropriate amount of granule to provide the requisite strength of Part A was filled into an 25 appropriately sized capsule and an appropriate number of Part B mini-tablets were added.

- 21 Example 3 Ingredient Weight/Unit (mg) Part A (Granule) Metformin HCl 502.51 5 Povidone K30 20.00 Microcrystalline Cellulose 105.00 Water QS Magnesium Stearate 2.49 Part B (Mini-tablet) 10 Rosiglitazone maleate 5.30 Lactose 110.20 Hypromellose E3 4.50 MCC 16.50 Sodium Starch Glycollate 12.00 15 Water QS Magnesium Stearate 1.50 TOTAL 780.00 The Part A ingredients were wet granulated, dried, 20 crushed and blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The Part B ingredients were wet granulated, dried, crushed and blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The subsequent 25 granule was compressed into tablets. The appropriate amount of granule to provide the requisite strength of Part A was filled into an appropriately sized capsule and an appropriate number of Part B mini-tablets were added. 30 - 22 Example 4 Ingredient Weight/Unit (mg) Part A (Granule) Naproxen Sodium 500.00 5 Povidone 20.00 Crospovidone 28.00 Water QS Part B (Mini-tablet) Sumatriptan Succinate 119.00 10 MCC 102 121.00 Crospovidone 20.00 Colloidal Anhydrous Silica 8.00 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 8.00 Magnesium Stearate 8.00 15 TOTAL 832.00 The Part A ingredients were wet granulated, dried, crushed and blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. 20 The Part B ingredients were blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The subsequent granule was compressed into tablets. The appropriate amount of granule to provide the requisite strength of Part A was filled into an 25 appropriately sized capsule and an appropriate number of Part B mini-tablets were added.

- 23 Example 5 Ingredient Weight/Unit (mg) Part A (Granule) Galantamine Hydrobromide 5.128 5 Lactose 48.272 Crospovidone 5.00 Colloidal Anhydrous Silica 1.00 Magnesium Stearate 0.60 Part B (Mini-tablet) 10 Galantamine Hydrobromide 10.256 Kollidon* SR 32.244 Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil 3.00 Povidone K90 2.00 Magnesium Stearate 0.50 15 TOTAL 108.00 The Part A ingredients were blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The Part B ingredients were blended as appropriate 20 and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The subsequent granule was compressed into tablets. The appropriate amount of granule to provide the requisite strength of Part A was filled into an appropriately sized capsule and an appropriate number of 25 Part B mini-tablets were added.

- 24 Example 6 Ingredient Weight/Unit (mg) Part A (Granule) Glimepiride 1.00 5 Lactose 52.90 MCC 101 7.70 Sodium Starch Glycolate 5.60 HPMC 2.10 Magnesium Stearate 0.70 10 Part B (Mini-tablet) Rosiglitazone maleate 5.30 Lactose 33.20 MCC 101 5.50 Sodium Starch Glycolate 4.00 15 HPMC 1.50 Magnesium Stearate 0.50 TOTAL 120.00 The Part A ingredients were blended as appropriate 20 and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The Part B ingredients were blended as appropriate and well known in the pharmaceutical formulation industry. The subsequent granule was compressed into tablets. The appropriate amount of granule to provide the 25 requisite strength of Part A was filled into an appropriately sized capsule and an appropriate number of Part B mini-tablets were added. In the examples above Part A relates to the first API composition and Part B to the second API composition. 30 In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, 35 i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but - 25 not to include the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention. It will be clearly understood that, although a number of prior art publications are referred to herein, this 5 reference does not constitute an admission that any of these documents form part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or in any other country.

Claims (29)

1. A dosage form for administration of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients to a subject, comprising a first pharmaceutical composition comprising a first 5 active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a first physical form selected from the group consisting of powder, granule, pellet, bead or mini-tablet form, and at least a second pharmaceutical composition comprising a 10 second active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a second physical form selected from the group consisting of granule, pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet form, wherein the composition is characterised in that said 15 first and second physical forms are selected to be different to minimise interactions between said first and second pharmaceutical compositions and to allow separation of said first and second pharmaceutical compositions for analysis on the basis of size difference. 20

2. The dosage form according to claim 1 wherein said first pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a powder and said second pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet.

3. The dosage form according to claim 1 wherein 25 said first pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a granule and said second pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet.

4. The dosage form according to claim 1 wherein said first pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a 30 pellet and said second pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a granule, mini-tablet or tablet.

5. The dosage form according to claim 1 wherein said first pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a bead and said second pharmaceutical composition is in the 35 form of a granule, mini-tablet or tablet. - 27

6. The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said first active pharmaceutical ingredient and said second active pharmaceutical ingredient are different compounds. 5

7. The dosage form according to claim 6 wherein said first active pharmaceutical ingredient is delivered in a higher dose than said second active pharmaceutical ingredient.

8. The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 10 to 7 wherein said first and second pharmaceutical compositions comprise the same active pharmaceutical ingredient formulated differently.

9. The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein said first pharmaceutical composition 15 comprises an instant release formulation and said second pharmaceutical composition comprises an extended release formulation.

10. The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein said first pharmaceutical composition 20 comprises a first active pharmaceutical ingredient selected from the group consisting of fluoxetine, metformin, milnacipran, naproxen, sulphonylureas such as glimepiride, glipizide or glyburide, glitazones such as troglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or ciglitazone, 25 diclofenac, verapamil, hydralazine, acetaminophen (paracetamol) , methyldopa, levodopa, dipyridamole, hydro chlorothiazide, triamterene, the "sartans" such as candesartan, irbesartan, telmisartan, eprosartan, losartan, olmesartan, valsartan, the "prils" such as 30 quinapril, fosinopril, enalapril, ramipril, trandolapril, captopril, benazepril, lisinopril, moexipril, galantamine, bisoprolol, metoprolol, propranolol, spironolactone, eplerenone, the "statins" such as atorvastatin, simvastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, 35 pravastatin, rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. - 28

11. The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein said second pharmaceutical composition comprises a second active pharmaceutical ingredient selected from the group consisting of olanzapine, 5 sulphonylureas such as glimepiride, glipizide or glyburide, glitazones such as troglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or ciglitazone, pregabalin, sumatriptan, misoprostol, tramadol, metoclopramide, amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), 10 lansoprazole, isosorbide mononitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, galantamine, carbidopa, felodipine, amlodipine, ezetimibe, niacin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

12. The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 15 to 11 wherein said first active pharmaceutical ingredient and said second active pharmaceutical ingredient comprise a combination selected from the following: First API Second API Fluoxetine hydrochloride Olanzapine Metformin hydrochloride Pioglitazone hydrochloride Metformin hydrochloride Rosiglitazone maleate Metformin hydrochloride Sulphonylurea (glimepiride, glyburide, glipizide, etc) Metformin hydrochloride Pioglitazone hydrochloride & Sulphonylurea (as above) Rosiglitazone maleate Glimepiride Dipyridamole Aspirin Hydralazine Isosorbide dinitrate Verapamil Trandolapril Naproxen sodium Sumatriptan succinate Naproxen Lansoprazole Galantamine hydrobromide IR Galantamine hydrobromide ER Acetaminophen Tramadol hydrochloride Levodopa Carbidopa Sartans (losartan, Hydrochlorothiazide irbesartan, etc) - 29 Sartans (losartan, Amlodipine irbesartan, etc) Prils (quinapril, Hydrochlorothiazide fosinopril, ramipril, etc) Prils (quinapril, Felodipine ER fosinopril, ramipril, etc) Eszopiclone IR Eszopiclone ER Zopiclone IR Zopiclone ER Zolpidem IR Zolpidem CR Amoxycillin Clavulanic acid Hydralazine hydrochloride Hydrochlorothiazide and Reserpine Atorvastatin Amlodipine Simvastatin Ezetimibe

13. The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein said first active pharmaceutical ingredient is fluoxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt 5 thereof and said second active pharmaceutical ingredient is olanzapine.

14. The dosage form according to claim 13 wherein the fluoxetine is fluoxetine hydrochloride.

15. The dosage form according to either one of 10 claims 13 or 14 wherein the olanzapine composition does not contain microcrystalline cellulose and the fluoxetine composition does not contain lactose.

16. The dosage form of any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein in the form of a hard gelatin capsule filled with 15 said first and second pharmaceutical compositions.

17. The use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in the manufacture of a dosage form as claimed 20 in any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The use of a dosage form as claimed in any of claims 1 to 17 for therapy. - 30

19. A dosage form comprising two or more APIs whereby the dosage form contains a first composition comprising a first API and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and a second 5 composition comprising a second API with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients wherein the composition is further characterised in that the first and second compositions can be easily separated.

20. A method of formulating a dosage form comprising 10 two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients, comprising: providing a first pharmaceutical composition comprising a first active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a first physical form selected from the 15 group consisting of powder, granule, pellet, bead or mini tablet form; and providing at least a second pharmaceutical composition comprising a second active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically 20 acceptable excipients in a second physical form selected from the group consisting of granule, pellet, bead, mini tablet or tablet form; combining said first and second pharmaceutical compositions into said dosage form; 25 wherein said first and second physical forms are selected to be different to minimise interactions between said first and second pharmaceutical compositions and to allow separation of said first and second pharmaceutical compositions for analysis on the basis of size difference. 30

21. The method according to claim 20 wherein said first pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a powder and said second pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet.

22. The method according to claim 20 wherein said 35 first pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a granule and said second pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a pellet, bead, mini-tablet or tablet. - 31

23. The method according to claim 20 wherein said first pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a pellet and said second pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a granule, mini-tablet or tablet. 5

24. The method according to claim 20 wherein said first pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a bead and said second pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a granule, mini-tablet or tablet.

25. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 10 24 comprising introducing said first and second pharmaceutical compositions to a hard gelatin capsule.

26. The method according to claim 25 comprising filling the hard gelatin capsule with said first pharmaceutical composition and adding said second 15 pharmaceutical composition.

27. A method of preparing a dosage form comprising two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients for analysis of said active pharmaceutical ingredients, said dosage form comprising a first pharmaceutical composition 20 comprising a first active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a first physical form selected from the group consisting of powder, granule, pellet, bead or mini tablet form, and at least a second pharmaceutical 25 composition comprising a second active pharmaceutical ingredient and optionally one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a second physical form selected from the group consisting of granule, pellet, bead, mini tablet or tablet form, wherein separation of said first 30 and second pharmaceutical compositions for analysis on the basis of size difference is undertaken.

28. The method according to claim 27 comprising sieving said first and second pharmaceutical compositions to separate them. 35

29. The method according to claim 27 comprising selecting manually said second pharmaceutical composition - 32 from said first pharmaceutical composition on the basis of a visual judgement of size.