AU2012237079A1

AU2012237079A1 - Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving control information in a broadcasting/communication system

Info

Publication number: AU2012237079A1
Application number: AU2012237079A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Ismael Gutierrez; Hong-Sil Jeong; Alain Mourad; Hyun-Koo Yang; Sung-Ryul Yun
Original assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Current assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 2011-03-25
Filing date: 2012-03-23
Publication date: 2013-09-19
Anticipated expiration: 2032-03-23
Also published as: TWI513198B; RU2597516C2; KR20120108920A; JP2014512118A; KR101722284B1; CN103460606A; AU2012237079B2; JP5916837B2; CN103460606B; TW201244382A; RU2013147636A

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for encoding, transmitting, and receiving signaling information in a broadcasting/communication system are provided. The method includes generating the signaling information which comprises a plurality of pieces; determining a number of coded blocks to which the signaling information is to be encoded, based on a number of bits of the signaling information and a number of encoder input information bit; segmenting each piece of the signaling information based on the number of the coded blocks; constructing input information bits of each coded block to include segmented parts of each piece of the signaling information; encoding the input information bits to each coded block; and transmitting each coded block.

Description

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING CONTROL INFORMATION IN A BROADCASTING/COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to a method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving control information in a broadcasting/communication system, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving the control information in the broadcasting/communication system using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. 2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 1 illustrates a frame used in a conventional broadcasting/communication system. Referring to FIG. 1, a frame 101 including control information is transmitted and received in a broadcasting/communication system. The frame 101 includes a preamble 102, Layer 1 (LI) signaling 103, and data 104. Herein, the control information can be transmitted in the preamble 102 and the Li signaling 103. The preamble 102 is a signal used to acquire time and frequency synchronization, frame boundary synchronization, etc., of a receiver. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the data 104 includes Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) 108, 109, and 110. Different modulation schemes and code rates can be independently used for PLPs, respectively. The Li signaling 103 indicates where an Li signal is transmitted, and includes L1-pre information 105, Li configurable information 106, and LI dynamic information 107. The Li configurable information 106 and the LI dynamic information 107 are referred to as Li-post signaling information 120. Also, the LI configurable information 106 may be referred to as configurable LI- WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -2 post signaling, and the Li dynamic information 107 may be referred to as dynamic LI-post signaling. The Li -pre information 105 includes information that rarely changes in the time domain, such as a cell identifier, a network identifier, the number of radio frequencies, the length of frames, and the position of a pilot subcarrier. The LI configurable information 106 includes information that changes more often than the L1-pre information 105. Examples of the Li configurable information 106 include a PLP identifier, a modulation scheme employed to transmit each PLP, and code rate information. In FIG. 1, the Li dynamic information 107 includes information that may change in each frame, such as information on a position at which each PLP transmitting service data is transmitted in a current frame (i.e., information on positions at which each PLP transmitting service data starts and ends in a current frame). Additionally, the Li-post signaling information 120 may include information other than the LI post configurable information 106 and the dynamic information 107. For example, the Li-post signaling information 120 may include extension information, a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), which is an error check code, and Li padding. For example, use of the CRC has been described in "Peterson, W. W. and Brown, D. T. (January 1961). 'Cyclic Codes for Error Detection' Proceedings of the IRE 49: 228. doi:10.1 109/JRPROC.1961.287814." The PLP 1 108, the PLP 2 109, and the PLP N 110 are service data, each of which transmits at least one broadcasting service channel. The PLP 1 108, the PLP 2 109, and the PLP N 110 include the actual broadcast data. Referring to FIG. 1, a receiver that has acquired synchronization of the frame 101 through the preamble 102, obtains information including a scheme in which data is transmitted, the length of frames, etc., through the Li signaling information 103. The receiver then receives the relevant data through the PLPs 108 to 110 based on the obtained information.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -3 As described above, when control information such as signaling information is transmitted in the broadcasting/communication system, the performance of encoding of the control information must be better than the performance of encoding of data information. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient encoding method of the signaling information and an efficient decoding method thereof. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been designed to address at least the above-described problems occurring in the prior art, and to provide at least the following advantages. An aspect of the present invention is to provide an encoding method that increases performance of decoding of control information. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an encoding method for increasing performance of decoding of L 1-post signaling information. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving control information in a broadcasting/communication system. In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a method for transmitting signaling information in a broadcasting/communication system is provided. The method includes generating the signaling information which comprises a plurality of pieces; determining a number of coded blocks to which the signaling information is to be encoded, based on a number of bits of the signaling information and a number of encoder input information bits; segmenting each piece of the signaling information based on the number of the coded blocks; constructing input information bits of each coded block to include segmented parts of each piece of the signaling information; encoding the input information bits to each coded block; and transmitting each coded block.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -4 In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for receiving signaling information in a broadcasting/communication system is provided. The method includes receiving coded blocks of the signaling information; acquiring a number of bits of the signaling information or a number of the coded blocks of the signaling information; decoding the coded blocks; extracting segmented signaling information bits included in the decoded coded blocks; and restoring the extracted segmented signaling information bits to a state before being segmented. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for transmitting signaling information in a broadcasting/communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a layer 1 (LI) signaling information generator for generating the signaling information which comprises a plurality of pieces; a controller for determining a number of coded blocks to which the signaling information is to be encoded, based on a number of bits of the signaling information and a number of encoder input information bits; an encoder for segmenting each piece of the signaling information based on the number of the coded blocks, constructing input information bits of each coded block to include segmented parts of each piece of the signaling information, and encoding the input information bits to each coded block; and a transmitter for transmitting each encoded block. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for receiving signaling information in a broadcasting/communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a receiver for receiving coded blocks of the signaling information; a decoder for decoding the coded blocks; a controller for acquiring a number of bits of the signaling information or a number of the coded blocks of the signaling information, and extracting segmented signaling in formation bits included in the decoded coded blocks; and a reassembler for reassembling the segmented signaling information bits to a state before being segmented. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -5 The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a frame used in a conventional broadcasting/communication system; FIG. 2 illustrates conventional segmented control information in a broadcasting/communication system; FIG. 3 illustrates a method for segmenting control information and generating encoder input information bits according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 illustrates a method for generating encoder input information bits without segmenting control information according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 illustrates a method for constructing input information bits input to an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 illustrates information bits that are input to an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention input; FIG. 7 and 8 illustrate information bits that are input to an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 illustrates information bits that are input to an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for encoding and transmitting control information by a transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method for receiving control information by a reception apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a transmission apparatus according to an embodiment the present invention; and FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a reception apparatus according to an embodiment the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -6 Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description and the accompanying drawings, a detailed description of publicly known functions and configurations will be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the subject matter of the present invention. Although embodiments of the present invention will be described below using LDPC encoding, the present invention is also applicable to other types of encoding. FIG. 2 illustrates conventional segmented control information in a broadcasting/communication system. Specifically, FIG. 2 illustrates encoding LI configurable information 208 and Li dynamic information 209 corresponding to the LI-post signaling information included in the LI signaling information. Referring to FIG. 2, because the Li configurable information 208 includes information does not change in each frame, but may change sometimes, Li configurable information in a Kt frame may be identical to Li configurable information in a (K+ 1 )th frame. When the Li configurable information included in the Kth frame is identical to the Li configurable information included in the (K+ 1 )th frame, upon receiving the (K+1)* frame, a receiver may previously know Li configurable information included in the (K+ 1 )th frame through LI configurable information included in the already-received Kt frame. Therefore, the receiver can improve the performance of decoding of LI dynamic information included in the (K+ 1)th frame by using the previously-known Li configurable information. More specifically, because the receiver receives the Li configurable information included in the Kth frame and the same Li configurable information is transmitted in the (K+1)th frame, when the receiver decodes the (K+ 1 )th frame, the receiver already knows the Li configurable information included in the (K+1)'. Further, even when the receiver fails to decode the Kf frame, the receiver can improve the performance of decoding of LI configurable information and LI WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -7 dynamic information of the (K+ 1 )tb frame by using the Li configurable information received in the Kt frame. For example, when the L 1 configurable information of the K frame is identical to the LI configurable information of the

(K+

1 )ffi frame, the receiver may use an acquired Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) value to decode the (K+ 1)h frame, even though the receiver fails to decode the LI configurable information included in the K*h frame. When using an LDPC code, an encoder encodes only information bits, the number of which is smaller than a predetermined number of input information bits (an encoding unit; the number of input information bits corresponding to the input size of the encoder). Therefore, in an LDPC encoding scheme, when the number of input information bits is greater than a predetermined number of information bits, the input information bits are segmented. Herein, information input to an encoder is referred to as "input information bits," and a codeword that is output after encoding by the encoder is referred to as a "coded block." Referring to FIG. 2, the LI configurable information 208 and the Li dynamic information 209, which have variable lengths and correspond to L 1-post signaling information having a size of "a," are segmented into two coded blocks. When the number of bits of the LI-post signaling information is greater than a predetermined number of encoder information bits, the Li-post signaling information is segmented into two coded blocks. In this case, first input information bits 210 are generated by extracting an a/2 part from the Li-post signaling information, and second input information bits 212 are generated by extracting a remaining a/2 from the Li-post signaling information. The first input information bits 210 include Li configurable information, (configurablei) 210, which is a part of the Li configurable information 208. Namely, the first input information bits 210 include only the Li configurable information 208. Also, the second input information bits 212 include Li configurable information 2 (LI configurable 2 ) 211, which is a part of the LI configurable information 208, and the LI dynamic information (LI dynamic) 209. It is assumed that the Li configurable information 208 included in the Kth frame is identical to the Li configurable information 208 included in the (K+ 1 )h frame. Accordingly, when the receiver receives the Kb frame and succeeds in WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -8 decoding the LI configurable information 208, there is an advantage in that the receiver then does not have to decode a first coded block including the first input information bits 210 in the (K+1)* frame. However, a second coded block including the second input information bits 212 includes only the LI configurable information 2 (configurable 2 ) 211, which is a part of the Li configurable information 208. Accordingly, although the receiver knows the LI configurable information 208, the number of bits of the known information is not large enough for the receiver to significantly improve the performance of decoding of the Li dynamic information 209. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, Li configurable information 208, as illustrated in FIG. 2, is included in each of the first input information bits and the second input information bits. Additionally, in an LDPC encoding scheme, the decoding performance of information located at a front part of encoder input information bits is often better than the decoding performance of information located at a rear part of the encoder input information bits. Therefore, when the LDPC is used, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, it is desirable to locate Li dynamic information, i.e., information which may change in each frame, at a front part of input information bits in order to improve decoding performance of the receiver. FIG. 3 illustrates a method for segmenting control information and generating encoder input information bits according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, in FIG. 3, a segmentation value is equal to 2, which implies that LI signaling information (particularly, LI-post signaling information) to be encoded is divided into first input information bits and second input information bits according to an encoding unit corresponding to the input size of the encoder, and the first input information bits and the second input information bits are input to the encoder. Therefore, when a segmentation value is equal to 2, input information bits encoded by the encoder are divided into two coded blocks, and then the two coded blocks are output from the encoder. Referring to FIG. 3, Li configurable information 301 is segmented into two parts, i.e., LI configurable information 1 (LI configurable) 303 and LI WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -9 configurable information 2 (LI configurable 2 ) 304, according to the segmentation value 2. Additionally, Li dynamic information 302 is also separated into two parts, i.e., Li dynamic information 1 (LI dynamic 1 ) 305 and LI dynamic information 2 (LI dynamic 2 ) 306, according to the segmentation value of 2. Further, a transmitter constructs first encoder input information bits 310 from the separated Li configurable information 1 (LI configurable 1 ) 303 and the LI dynamic information 1 (LI dynamic 1 ) 305, and constructs second encoder input information bits 320 from the LI configurable information 2 (LI configurable 2) 304 and the LI dynamic information 2 (LI dynamic 2 ) 306. The transmitter first inputs each of the first encoder input information bits 310 and the second encoder input information bits 320 to an LDPC encoder to generate two coded blocks. In the first input information bits 310, the LI dynamic information 1 305 is arranged in front of the Li configurable information 1 303. Similarly, in the second input information bits 320, the LI dynamic information 2 306 is arranged in front of the LI configurable information 2 304. Alternatively, the LI dynamic information and Li configurable information may exchange positions with each other. For example, the LI configurable information 1 303 may be arranged in front of the Li dynamic information 1 305, and the LI configurable information 2 304 may be arranged in front of the LI dynamic information 2 306. Additionally, it is also possible to arrange the Li dynamic information 302 in front of the LI configurable information 301 even a when encoder input information bits are not segmented. Namely, even when the length of the Li post signaling information is less than a predetermined number of the LDPC encoder information bits, and thus, segmenting the Li -post signaling information is not required, the Li dynamic information 302 may still be arranged in front of the LI configurable information 301. FIG. 4 illustrates a method for constructing LDPC encoder input information bits without segmenting Li-post signaling information according to an embodiment of the present invention.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -10 Referring to FIG. 4, when LDPC encoder input information bits are constructed by including Li configurable information 410 and Li dynamic information 411, if the performance of decoding of bits located at a front part of the input information bits is better than the performance of decoding of bits located at a rear part of the input information bits, the input information bits are constructed by arranging the Li dynamic information 411 in front of the Li configurable information 410, as denoted by reference numeral 420. FIG. 5 illustrates a method for constructing input information bits that are input to an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 5 illustrates that multiple pieces of control information included in Li-post signaling information are segmented according to a segmentation value of 2. Referring to FIG. 5, Li-post signaling 550, which is input to the encoder, includes LI configurable information 500, LI dynamic information of the current frame (or 'dynamic, current frame' or 'dynamic Li-post signaling for the current frame') 501, and LI dynamic information of a next frame (or 'dynamic, next frame' or 'dynamic Li-post signaling for the next frame') 502, which is Li dynamic information of a frame to be subsequently transmitted. Specifically, when a current frame is a K* frame, the LI dynamic information 502 of a next frame transmitted in the Kt frame includes a value identical to Li dynamic information to be transmitted in a (K+i)th frame. The Li dynamic information 502 of the next frame is selective information, and a transmitter may notify a receiver whether there is LI dynamic information for the next frame, through LI pre signaling. For example, when a flag Ll REPETITIONFLG in Li-pre signaling has a value of 1, this indicates that there is Li dynamic information for the next frame. However, when LlREPETITIONFLG has a value of 0, this indicates that there is no LI dynamic information for the next frame. Each of the Li configurable information 500, the Li dynamic information of the current frame 501, and the Li dynamic information of the next frame 502 is segmented into 2 parts. Specifically, the Li configurable information 500 is divided into Li configurable information 1 (LI configurable 1 ) 504 and Li configurable information 2 (LI configurable 2 ) 505, as denoted by reference WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -11 numeral 510. The LI dynamic information of the current frame 501 is divided into LI dynamic information 1 of the current frame (Li dynamic 1 of the Current Frame) 506 and LI dynamic information 2 of the current frame (LI dynamic 2 of the Current Frame) 507, as denoted by reference numeral 515. The LI dynamic information of the next frame 502 is divided into LI dynamic information 1 of the next frame (LI dynamic 1 of the Next Frame) 508 and LI dynamic information 2 of the next frame (LI dynamic 2 of the Current Frame) 509, as denoted by reference numeral 520. During encoding, the LI configurable information 1 504, the Li dynamic information 1 of the current frame 506, and the LI dynamic information, of the next frame 508 are constructed as first input information bits 530. Further, the Li configurable information 2 505, the LI dynamic information 2 of the current frame 507, and the LI dynamic information 2 of the next frame 509 are constructed as second input information bits 535. The LI configurable information 1 504 is arranged at the last part of the first input information bits 530, after the LI dynamic information 1 of the current frame 506 and the LI dynamic information 1 of the next frame 508. Similarly, the LI configurable information 2 505 is located at the last part of the second input information bits 535, after the LI dynamic information 2 of the current frame 507 and the Li dynamic information 2 of the next frame 509. The construction the first input information bits 530 and the second input information bits 535, as described above, is based decoding performance of bits located at the front part of the information bits being better, like in LDPC encoding. Accordingly, the actual positioning of the LI configurable information 500, the LI dynamic information of the current frame 501, and the LI dynamic information of a next frame 502 in the first input information bits 530 and the second input information bits 535 may vary depending decoding performance, e.g., based on the type of encoding used. Also, as described above with reference to FIG. 4, even when segmentation is not required, in consideration of decoding performance of bits located at the WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -12 front part of input information bits being better when the LDPC encoding scheme is used, LI dynamic information of the current frame may be located at the front most part of input information bits, and LI configurable information may be located at the last part of the input information bits. Therefore, regardless of whether segmentation is applied, the positioning of the Li dynamic information and the L1 configurable information may be determined in consideration of encoding performance of the input information bits by the LDPC encoder. Namely, as described above, when the decoding performance of bits located at a rear part of input information bits is better than decoding performance of bits located at a front part of the input information bits, the LI configurable information may be arranged at a front part of the input information bits, and the LI dynamic information may be arranged a rear part of the input information bits. Additionally, the LI configurable information and the LI dynamic information may be encoded/decoded independently of each other. Specifically, when the LI dynamic information includes LI dynamic information of the current frame and LI dynamic information of the next frame, as described above, each of optional dynamic information of the current frame and the LI dynamic information of the next frame is segmented, and first input information bits corresponding to a unit, which is input to the encoder, is constructed from the segmented Li dynamic information of the current frame and the segmented Li dynamic information 1 of the next frame. Also, second input information bits corresponding to a unit, which is input to the encoder, is constructed from the segmented LI dynamic information 2 of the current frame and the segmented LI dynamic information 2 of the next frame. Further, regardless of whether segmentation is required, the LI dynamic information of the current frame is arranged at a front part of input information bits, and the LI dynamic information of the next frame is arranged at a rear part of the input information bits. FIG. 6 illustrates a segmentation of input information bits that are input to an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention input. In FIG. 6, a segmentation value is NpostFECBlock- WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -13 Referring to FIG. 6, Li-post signaling information 650, i.e., information bits that are input to the encoder, includes LI configurable information 600, LI dynamic information of the current frame 601, Li dynamic information of the next frame 602, extension information 603, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) information 604, and Li padding bits 605. The CRC information 604 includes parity bits of a CRC code, which a receiver uses to determine whether an error has occurred in the LI configurable information 600, the LI dynamic information of the current frame 601, the LI dynamic information of the next frame 602, and the extension information 603. Although not illustrated in FIG. 6, multiple CRCs may be used. Specifically, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the number of the CRCs and positions thereof can be changed. The length of the LI configurable information 600 is KLwconf, the length of the LI dynamic information of the current frame 601 is KLIdyc, the length of the Li dynamic information of the next frame 602 is KLI_dyn,n, the length of the extension information 603 is KLIet, and the length of the CRC 604 is Nere. When KLIdyn,n, i.e., the length of the LI dynamic information of the next frame 602, is equal to 0, the value of 0 indicates that the LI dynamic information of the next frame 602 is not used. When the KLI1ext is equal to 0, this indicates that the extension information 603 is not used. Similarly, when the Nere is equal to 0, this indicates that a CRC code is not used. Each of KLwconf, KLl dyn,c, and KLl_dyn,n may be expressed as a function of a number of PLPs. Otherwise, it is possible to know KLIconf, KLIdyn,c, and KLI_dyn,n through predetermined signaling. For example, parameters, each representing a length, such as LlPOSTCONFSIZE representing KLIconf, LiPOSTDYN,CURRENTSIZE representing KLIdyn,c, LiPOSTDYN,NEXTSIZE representing KLl dyn,n, and LiPOSTEXTSIZE representing the length of the extension information 603 may be transmitted through the L I -pre information 105. When a Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) code is concatenated with an LDPC code and the BCH code concatenated with the LDPC code is used for the LI signaling information, and the length of input bits of the BCH code is Kbch, Npost FECBlock, which corresponds to the number of coded blocks of the Li signaling information, may be calculated using Equation (1) below. Basically, WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -14 the NpostFECBlock is the number of multiple pieces of information, into which Li signaling information bits are segmented. When considering the concatenation of the BCH code with the LDPC code, the number of coded blocks is calculated by using a length Kbch of input bits of the BCH code. However, when only an LDPC code is used, the number of coded blocks may be calculated by using a length KIdpe of input bits of an LDPC code instead of Kbch. Npost _ FEC Block Kpostex pad] () bc, In Equation (1), Kpostexpad is a sum of lengths of the Li configurable information 600, the Li dynamic information of the current frame 601, the LI dynamic information of the next frame 602, the extension information 603, and the CRC information 604. Kpost exjpad = KLI conf + KLI_dyn,c + KL1 dyn,n + KLI _ext + Ncrc. Namely, Kpost-exjpad is the number of bits of Li-post signaling excluding a padding field. In Equation (1), [x] represents the smallest integer greater than x. For example, [1.2] = 2. Based on the Npost FECBlock corresponding to the number of coded blocks, Kpad corresponding to a length by which zero bits are inserted, may be calculated by using Equation (2) below. K Pod = N 1"" "" x Npost _ FEC _ Block Kpos _ex _ pad *(' p'ost _ FEC _ Block In Equation (2), [x] represents the smallest integer greater than x. For example, [1.2] = 2. The Kpad corresponding to a length by which zero bits are inserted, may be omitted. As described above with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, when each of the Li configurable information 600, the Li dynamic information of the current frame 601, the LI dynamic information of the next frame 602, the extension information 603, CRC 604, and the LI padding 605 are segmented by WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -15 NpostFECBlock, the length of each of the segments may be calculated using Equations (3) to (6) below. Specifically, a correction factor KL1_confPAD for the Li configurable information 600, the length of which is KL _conf, may be calculated by using Equation (3). Namely, the KLI1confPAD is a correction factor when the length KLI_conf of the Li configurable information is not a multiple of NpostFECBlock corresponding to the number of coded blocks for segmentation. KL1_conf _PAD = KLI con! N L _coff x Npo, _ FEC _ Block * (3) pos _ FEC _ Block In Equation (3), Lx] represents the largest integer less than x. For example, L1.2] =1. KU _confPAD is a value that causes a length of LI configurable information 600b among i (i=l,--,(Nost_FEC_Block-1)) encoder input information bits to be LKLI con,/Np FEC_Block), and that causes a length of Li configurable information 600c among (Npost FEC__Block) encoder input information bits to be K con FEC _Block +KLl conf PAD For example, when KLIof=299 and NpostFECBlock= 2 , KLlconf PAD =299-L299/2 x2=1. KLIconfPAD having a value of 1 causes a length of LI configurable information, among first encoder input information bits to be 149, and causes a length of Li configurable information 2 among second encoder input information bits to be 149+1=150. These conditions are intended to prevent additional zero padding. A length KL _dyn,c_PAD of a correction factor for the LI dynamic information of the current frame 601, the length of which is KL __dyn,c, as illustrated in FIG. 6, may be calculated by using Equation (4). The KL _dyn,cPAD is a correction factor when the length KL__dyn,c of the Li dynamic information of the current frame 601 is not a multiple of NpostFECBlock corresponding to the number of coded blocks for segmentation.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -16 KLd KLI _dyn,c _ PAD = KL1 _ dyn _ F,c j x Npost _ FEC _ Block (4) N post _ FEC _ Block _ In Equation (4), Lx] represents the largest integer less than x. A length KLl-dyn,nPAD of a correction factor for the LI dynamic information of the next frame 602, the length of which is KL_dyn,n, as illustrated in FIG. 6, may be calculated by using Equation (5). KLl_dyn,nPAD is a correction factor when the length KL _dyn,n of the Li dynamic information of the next frame is not a multiple of NpostFECBlock corresponding to the number of coded blocks for segmentation. KLIdnln _PAD = KLI dyn,n N KL '"yn xN post_ FEC _Block (5) n_ L Npost FEC _Block _ In Equation (5), Lx] represents the largest integer less than x. As described above, the LI dynamic information of the next frame 602 is not always used. In this case, it is natural that the KL__dyn,nl should be equal to 0. When each of the extension information 603 having the length KL1_ext, the CRC 604 having the length Ncc, and the Li padding 605 having a length Kpad is segmented according to Npost FECBlock, as in Equations (3) to (5), a length KLI extPAD of a correction factor for the extension information 603 + the CRC 604 + the LI padding 605 may be calculated using Equation (6) below. . KLI ext_ PA extK N+c Nc,c+K KLI ext _PAD = (K L1_ext + N,.c + ) KLI ext N + Kpd x Npost _FEC _Block .. '(6) d1 Npost _ FEC _ Block _ In Equation (6), KLIextPAD is a correction factor when the sum of the lengths of the extension information 603, the CRC 604, and the LI padding 605 is not a multiple of Npost FECBlock corresponding to the number of coded blocks for segmentation, and [x] represents the largest integer less than x. As described above, Kpad is not always used, and in this case, Kpad is equal to 0. Also, Ncrc signifies a CRC bit.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -17 A process of calculating Ksig(i) corresponding to the number of ith encoder input information bits 670 using values calculated using Equations (1) to (6), is defined by Equation (7). Ks, (i) KNp o f + KL _ K y.,, K _yfl N post _ FEC Block N - FEC _ Block Npost _ FEC _Block +[(KLI x +Ncc + Kad Post - FEC - Block In Equation (7), Lx] represents the largest integer less than x. For example, L1.2] = 1. The number of (Npost FEC Block) encoder input information bits 680 may be calculated by using Equation (8). KLI conf +[ KLldnc ]+[ KL I dynl Ks,g (Npost _ FEC _ Block N K N K_ " + N p p _ t FEC -Block _ post _FEC _ Block _post FEC _ Block +(KLI c,,+ Nc, + K LIco dK post _ FEC _ Block _ +KL1 _ext _ PAD (8) In Equation (8), Lx] represents the largest integer less than x. Although segmentation is performed above in such a manner that there is a difference in length between Ksig(i) (i1l,...,(Npost FEC Block- 1)) and Ksig(Npost FEC Block), that segmentation may be performed in such a manner that a difference in length between Ksig(i) (i--1,...,(NpostFEC Block-1)) and Ksig(Npost FEC _Block) does not occur. Also, as described above, changes in the equations can be made according to the number of CRCs used and the positioning thereof. For example, when a CRC code is applied to each of the LI configurable information 600, the dynamic information of the current frame 601, and the dynamic information of the next frame 602, the KLIconf, the KLIdyn,c, and the WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -18 KL1_dyn,n may include the number of CRC bits of the LI configurable information 600, the number of CRC bits of the dynamic information of the current frame 601, and the number of CRC bits of the next frame 602, respectively. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 690 denotes first encoder input information bits to (NpostFECBlock) encoder input information bits, into which all encoder input information bits denoted by reference numeral 650 are segmented using Equations (1) to (8). Although a segmentation operation is often performed by the encoder, when the encoder includes an interleaver, the interleaver may interleave (segment) all of the segmented encoder input information bits (i.e., LI signaling information). More specifically, reference numeral 690 denotes that first encoder input information bits 660 include information bits (segmented LI padding bits) 600a, 601a, 602a, 603a, 604a, and 605a, which are obtained by segmenting the encoder input information bits 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, and 605 according to Npost _FEC Block Reference numeral 690 denotes that ih encoder input information bits 670 include information bits 600b, 601b, 602b, 603b, 604b, and 605b (which are different from the encoder input information bits 650), which are obtained by segmenting the encoder input information bits 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, and 605 according to NpostFECBlock. Reference numeral 690 denotes that (NpstFEC_Block) encoder input information bits 680 include last segmentations 600c, 601c, 602c, 603c, 604c, and 605c among information bits, which are obtained by segmenting the encoder input information bits 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, and 605 according to Npost FECBlock Therefore, the receiver which receives the input information bits 690, decodes coded blocks obtained by encoding the encoder input information bits 660, the encoder input information bits 670, and the encoder input information bits 680. Then, the receiver reassembles, to a state before being segmented, the segmented L1 dynamic information bits of the current frame 601a, 601b, and 601c, the segmented LI dynamic information bits of the next frame 602a, 602b, and 602c, the segmented Li configurable information bits 600a, 600b, and 600c, the segmented extension information bits 603a, 603b, and 603c, the segmented CRC bits 604a, 604b, and 604c, and the segmented L1 padding bits 605a, 605b, WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -19 and 605c. Accordingly, the receiver may restore the original Li-post signaling information. When a reception apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention knows the length KLI_conf of the LI configurable information 600, the length KL1 dyn,c of the LI dynamic information of the current frame 601, and the length KLIdyn,n of the Li dynamic information of the next frame 602, the reception apparatus may easily restore the LI-post signaling information. In this respect, a transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may transmit values of KLconf, KL_dyn,c and KL_dyn,n. Because each value of KLI_conf, KLI_dyn,c and KLIdyn,n may be expressed as a function of the number of PLPs, if the transmission apparatus transmits the number of PLPs, the reception apparatus may restore the Li-post signaling information. Therefore, when the transmission apparatus includes NUMPLP (Number of PLP) information corresponding to the number of PLPs, e.g., in the Li -pre information 105 illustrated in FIG. 1, the reception apparatus can efficiently receive the Li post signaling information. Even when segmentation is not performed, as illustrated in FIG. 4, if the transmission apparatus transmits the number of PLPs, even when transmitting the LI dynamic information 411 before the LI configurable information 410, the reception apparatus can use the number of PLPs to restore the Li-post signaling information. Also, if LI dynamic information transmitted in a Kth frame is identical to LI dynamic information transmitted in a (K+ 1 ) frame, when the reception apparatus restores the Li-post information in the (K+ 1)th frame, regardless of whether the reception apparatus succeeds in decoding the LI dynamic information in the K* frame, the reception apparatus may use the LI dynamic information of the K* frame. FIGs. 7 and 8 illustrate information bits that are input to an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 7, Li dynamic information is located after LI configurable information. Referring to FIG. 7, a length of LI configurable information 721 is KI conf, a length of LI dynamic information of a current frame 722 is KIA dv-c, a length of WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2O12/002145 -20 Li dynamic information of a next frame 723 is KLldyn,n, a length of an extension field 724 is Ku _ext, and a length of CRC 725 is Nere. The length KLconf of the Li configurable information 721 may be acquired using a parameter LIPOSTCONFSIZE, or a number of PLPs. The parameters (L lPOSTCONF _SIZE or the number of PLPs) can be transmitted in L1-pre signaling alone or together. The length KuI dyn,c of the Li dynamic information of the current frame 722 may be acquired using a parameter LlPOSTDYN,CURRENTSIZE, or the number of PLPs. The parameters can be transmitted in Li -pre signaling alone or together. The length KI _dynn of the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723 may be acquired using a parameter LiPOSTDYNNEXTSIZE, or the number of PLPs. The parameters can be transmitted in Li-pre signaling alone or together. The length KL1_ext of the extension field 724 may be acquired using a parameter LiPOSTEXTSIZE. The length Ncre of the CRC 725 may be fixed, e.g., 32. Referring to FIG. 7, Li-post signaling 720 includes a variable number of bits, which are transmitted through one or more LDPC blocks according to the length of the Li-post signaling. The LDPC block has the same meaning as a coded block. Npost FEC Block corresponding to the number of LDPC blocks for the LI-post signaling 720 is determined using Equation (9). If Kpo, expad Kbch, I Npst _ FEC Block Otherwise, post _ex _ pa ... (9) 1Kbeh -- A In Equation (9), when Kbch is greater than or equal to Kpostex_pad, NpostFEC_Block is equal to 1. However, when Kbch is less than Kpost ex pad, NpostFECBlock is Kposex pad . The value of A is a correction factor that causes _ F KC, - A Ksig, which represents the number of information bits in a coded block after the segmentation, to be less than or equal to the Kbch, and may be changed according to the number of types of signals that are segmented. For example, when each WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -21 of the Li configurable information 721, the Li dynamic information of the current frame 722, the Li dynamic information of the next frame 723, and the extension information 724 is segmented, each of the 4 pieces of information is segmented. Accordingly, the value of A may be 3. When the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723 is not used in any frame, the value of A may be 2, but the value of A may be fixed to 3, for an efficiency of a system. In Equation (9), Fxl signifies the smallest integer equal to or greater than x, and the value of Kbch represents the number of BCH information bits. In the above-described case, when concatenating the BCH code with the LDPC code, the number of coded blocks is calculated using a length Kbch of input bits of the BCH code. However, when only an LDPC code is used, the number of coded blocks may be calculated using a length Kidpe of input bits of an LDPC code instead of Kbch. Kpost exjpad is a value which may be obtained by adding the length Nerc of the CRC 725 to a sum of parameters LiPOSTCONFSIZE, LiPOSTDYN,CURRENTSIZE, LiPOSTDYNNEXTSIZE, and LIPOSTEXT SIZE, which represent the length of the LI configurable information 721, the length of the Li dynamic information of the current frame 722, the length of the Li dynamic information of the next frame 723, and the length of the extension field 724, respectively. Also, Kpost_expad represents the number of bits of Li-post signaling excluding L1 PADDING 726 corresponding to a padding field. The length Nere of the CRC may be determined based on a maximum length of the Li-post signaling, e.g., 32. In this case, KLIPADDING corresponding to the length of a field named LiPADDING 726 may be calculated using Equation (10) below. KL1 _ PADDING = K L, f PAD + KLI dnc PAD + KLl _dynn PAD + KLI _ext _ PAD ... (10) In Equation (10), KLI_conf_PAD represents a length of a padding field of LI configurable information, KLI dn.c PAD represents a length of a padding field of LI WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -22 dynamic information of the current frame, KLIdyn,n__PAD represents a length of a padding field of LI dynamic information of the next frame, and KLuextPAD represents a length of a padding field of the extension field 724 including the CRC 725. The length of each of Li CONFPAD 727, LiDYN,CPAD 728, Ll_ DYN,N PAD 729, and LiEXT_PAD 730, which are padding fields, may be calculated using Equations (11) to (14) below. KL I D [N KLADof 1 xNpot_FEC _Block -KLl co, ... (11) post - FEC _ Block KLI dn PAD =[N L1 dyn,c 1x Npost _ FEC _ Block -KLI d .. (12) Post _ FEC _ Block . K~lyf KL1 dyn,n NPAD N L_dyn,n X Npost _ FEC _ Block - KL1dynn (13) post _ FEC Block KLI _ext_ PAD NLI ext +Ncrc x Npost FEC _ Block -(KLI ext + Ncc .. (14) Npost _ FEC _ Block In Equations (11) to (14), KL_conf, KLl dyn,c, KL1 _dyn,n, and KLIext are values acquired using parameters LiPOSTCONFSIZE, LiPOSTDYN,CURRENTSIZE, LiPOSTDYNNEXTSIZE, and LiPOSTEXTSIZE, respectively. These parameters represent the length of LI configurable information, the length of LI dynamic information of the current frame, the length of Li dynamic information of the next frame, and the length of an extension field, respectively. Ncc corresponds to the number of CRC bits, e.g., 32. When LlREPETITION_FLAG which indicates whether the LI dynamic information of the next frame is used, is set to 0, the length KL_dyn,,n of the LI dynamic information of the next frame is 0. Kpt corresponding to the final length of the entire Li-post signaling including a padding field may be defined using Equation (15) below. Kpos, = Kos, ex pad + KLI _ PADDING ... (15) WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -23 In this case, Ksig, which corresponds to the number of information bits in each NpostFECBlock block, may be defined using Equation (16) below. K K =ig N O"t ... (16) -pt _ FEC - Block As illustrated in FIG. 7, to obtain better performance, the Li configurable information (configurable Li post signaling) 721, the Li dynamic information of the current frame (dynamic Li post signaling for the current frame) 722, and the Li dynamic information of the next frame (dynamic LI post signaling for the next frame) 723 are distributed as uniformly as possible in all Forward Error Correction (FEC) blocks. Specifically, input bits of a first coded block illustrated in FIG. 7 include first Li configurable information (Configurablei or Conf 1) 731, first Li dynamic information of the current frame (Dynamic,currentFrame, or D,C_1) 732, first LI dynamic information of the next frame (Dynamic,nextFramei or D,N 1) 733, and a first extension field (Extensioni or E,C_1) 734. The first LI configurable information 731 includes [KL Lcof/NpostFECBlockl bits among bits of the LI configurable information 710. The first Li dynamic information of the current frame 732 includes fKL:dyaf/Npost FEC_1lock] bits among bits of the Li dynamic information of the current frame 722. The first LI dynamic information of the next frame 733 includes [KL1_dyn,n/NpostyECBlockl bits among bits of the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723. The first extension field 734 includes [(KL1e + Ncrc)/Npost FEC Block] bits among bits of the extension field 724 and bits of the CRC 725. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, bits of the extension field 724 of the Li-post signaling and bits of the CRC 725 thereof are all included in the first extension field 734 among the input bits of the first coded block. The above construction is performed by an identical method from the first coded block to the (Nps _ FEC _ Block - ) coded block. Information bits in the (Npost FECBlock)t coded block include Nth configurable information (ConfigurableN or Conf N) 739, Nth LI dynamic WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -24 information of the current frame (Dynamic,currentFrameN or D,C N) 740, Nh LI dynamic information of the next frame (Dynamic,nextFrameN or D,NN) 741, an Nth extension field (ExtensionN or E,CN) 742, and padding fields, such as LlCONFPAD 727, LiDYNC_PAD 728, LlDYNN_PAD 729, and LiEXTPAD 730. The Nt configurable information 739 includes ([KLlconf/NpostFECBlock] - KL1_conf pAD) bits among bits of the configurable information 710. The Nh Li dynamic information of the current frame 740 includes ([KL1 -dyc/NpostFC Block] - KLI.dyncPAD) bits among bits of the Li dynamic information of the current frame 722. The N* L 1 dynamic information of the next frame 741 includes ([KL1-dynl/NpostFECBlock] - KL1_dynnPAD) bits among bits of the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723. An Nt extension field 742 includes ([(KL ext+ Ncrc)/Npost FEC Block] - KL1_extPAD) bits among bits of the extension field 724 and bits of the CRC 725. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, bits of the extension field 724 of the Li-post signaling and bits of the CRC 725 thereof are all included in the first extension field 734 among the input bits of the first coded block. KL_extPAD is the length of a padding field of the bits of the extension field 724 of the Li-post signaling and the bits of the CRC 725 thereof. 0 may be inserted into the padding field. Additionally, the position of the padding field may be changed. For example, all of the padding fields may be located at the end of encoding input, as illustrated in in FIG. 8. According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the parameter LiPOSTEXTSIZE is first set to a value including the length of the extension field and the length of the CRC, instead of being set to only the length of the extension field, and then transmitted, KLI_ext may be thought of as a value obtained by adding the length of the extension field and Nere. In this case, all of the Nccs may be deleted. FIG. 9 illustrates information bits that are input to an encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -25 Referring to FIG. 9, a length of LI configurable information 921 is KL conf, a length of Li dynamic information of the current frame 922 is KLI_dyn,c, a length of Li dynamic information of the next frame 923 is KLldyn,n, a length of an extension field 924 is KL1_ext, and a length of CRC 925 is Nerc. The length KLI conf of the Li configurable information 921 may be acquired using a parameter Li POSTCONFSIZE, or using the number of PLPs. The length KLIdyn,c of the Li dynamic information of the current frame 922 may be acquired using a parameter LiPOSTDYN,CURRENTSIZE, or using the number of PLPs. The length KLI dyn,n Of the LI dynamic information of the next frame 923 may be acquired using a parameter LiPOSTDYN,NEXTSIZE, or using the number of PLPs. The length KLl_ext of the extension field 924 may be acquired using a parameter LIPOSTEXTSIZE. The length Ncrc of the CRC 925 may be, e.g., 32. In this case, although a sum of the length of the Li dynamic information of the next frame 923 and the length of the extension field 924 or the length of the CRC may be expressed as one parameter, it is assumed that the parameters separately exist for the convenience of description of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 9, Li-post signaling 920 includes a variable number of bits, which are transmitted through one or more LDPC blocks according to the length of the Li-post signaling. The LDPC block has the same meaning as a coded block illustrated in FIG. 9. Npost FEC Block corresponding to the number of LDPC blocks for the LI-post signaling 920 is determined using Equation (17) below. If Kpstexpad Kboh, 1 Npos- FEC Block ~ Otherwise, Kos, , ex _ pad ... (17) SKbCh - A In Equation (17), when Kbch is greater than or equal to Kpost ex_pad, NpostFECBlock is equal to 1. However, when Kbch is less than Kpostexpad, NpostFECBlock is Kpost ex pad . The value of A is a correction factor that causes F Kbch- A WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -26 Ksig, which is the number of information bits in a coded block after the segmentation, to be less than or equal to the Kbch, and may be changed according to the number of types of signaling that are segmented. For example, when each of the Li configurable information 921, the Li dynamic information of the current frame 922, the LI dynamic information of the next frame 923, and the extension information 924 is segmented, each of the 3 pieces of information is segmented. Accordingly, the value of A may be 2. In Equation (17), Fxl signifies the smallest integer equal to or greater than x, and the value of Kbch represents the number of BCH information bits. When concatenating the BCH code with the LDPC code, the number of coded blocks is calculated using a length Kbeh of input bits of the BCH code. However, when only an LDPC code is used, the number of coded blocks may be calculated using a length Kidpe of input bits of an LDPC code, instead of Kbch. Kpost ex_pad is a value obtained by adding the length Nere of the CRC 925 to a sum of parameters LIPOSTCONFSIZE, LIPOSTDYN,CURRENTSIZE, LIPOSTDYN,NEXTSIZE, and LiPOSTEXTSIZE, which represent the length of the LI configurable information 921, the length of the LI dynamic information of the current frame 922, the length of the L I dynamic information of the next frame 923, and the length of the extension field 924, respectively. Also, Kpostex-pad represents the number of bits of Li-post signaling, excluding L1_PADDING 926 corresponding to a padding field. The length Nere of the CRC may be determined based on a maximum length of the LI-post signaling. KLlPADDING corresponding to the length of a field named LiPADDING 926 may be calculated using Equation (18) below. KLI _PADDING = KLI cnPAD +KL1 dync PAD + _e , P ... (1 8) In Equation (18), KLIconfPAD represents the length of a padding field of LI configurable information, KL dyn,c_PAD represents the length of a padding field of LI dynamic information of the current frame, and KLIextPAD represents the length of a padding field of the extension field 924 including the L1 dynamic WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -27 information of the next frame 923 and the CRC 925. Lengths of LiCONFPAD 927, LiDYN,CPAD 928 and LlEXTPAD 930, which are padding fields, may be calculated using Equations (19), (20) and (21), respectively. KL1 conf PAD Nlok 1 xN po, _FEC _Block -KLcon ... (19) P1post _ FEC _ Block IK KL l dync PAD N LI _n,c xN post FEC Block -Kdync (20) Post _ FEC _ BlockI K-FKL + K +±N'xN KL _ext _PAD = 1 N pot _FEC _ Block c N p 05 - Block (21) Post _ FEC _ Block ' ' 21 -(KL dynn+KLI_ ext +Ncc) In Equations (19) to (21), KLIconf, KLIdyn,c, KL1_dyn,n, and KL1_ext are values that may be acquired using parameters LiPOSTCONFSIZE, LiPOSTDYN,CURRENTSIZE, LiPOSTDYN,NEXTSIZE, and LlPOSTEXTSIZE, respectively. These parameters represent the length of the LI configurable information 921, the length of the LI dynamic information of the current frame 922, the length of the LI dynamic information of the next frame 923, and the length of the extension field 924, respectively. Ner,, which corresponds to the number of CRC bits, may be, e.g., 32. When LiREPETITIONFLAG which indicates whether the LI dynamic information of the next frame is used, is set to 0, the length KL1_dyn,n of the L 1 dynamic information of the next frame is equal to 0. In this case, a sum of the length of the dynamic information of the next frame and the length of the extension field may be expressed as one parameter. For example, (KL d +KLI an ) may be expressed as KLldyn,n,ext, and KLldynnext (L1 _POSTDYN,N,EXTSIZE) may be acquired using the parameters, each representing respective length.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -28 Kpost, which corresponds to the final length of the entire LI-post signaling including a padding field, may be defined using Equation (22) below.

K,

0 ,, = Kpost _ ex _ pad + KLI _ PADDING * (22) Ksig, which corresponds to the number of information bits in each NpostFECBlock block, may be defined using Equation (23). K Ksg = post ... (23) -pos _ FEC - Block As illustrated in FIG. 9, in order to obtain better performance, the LI configurable information (configurable LI post signaling) 921, the LI dynamic information of the current frame (dynamic Li post signaling for the current frame) 922, the Li dynamic information of the next frame (dynamic Li post signaling for the next frame) 923, and the extension field 924 are distributed as uniformly as possible in all FEC blocks. Specifically, input bits of a first coded block include first LI configurable information (Configurablei or Conf 1) 931, first LI dynamic information of the current frame (Dynamic,currentFramei or D,C_i) 932, and a first extension field (Extension, or E,Cl) 934. The first Li configurable information 931 includes [KL1_conf/Nost_FEC_Block] bits among bits of the Li configurable information 910. The first Li dynamic information of the current frame 932 includes [KL1_dynfc/Npost_FEC_Blockl bits among bits of the Li dynamic information of the current frame 922. The first extension field 934 includes [(KeI dyn,n + KL1_ext + Nrc)/Npost FEC Block] bits among bits of the Li dynamic information of the next frame 923, bits of the extension field 924, and bits of the CRC 925. The above construction is performed by an identical method from the first coded block to the (Npo, - FEC _ Block -

)

h coded block. Information bits in the (Npost FECBlock) coded block include Nh configurable information (ConfigurableN or Conf N) 939, Nth LI dynamic information of the current frame (Dynamic,currentFrameN or D,CN) 940, an Nth extension field (ExtensionN or E,CN) 942, and padding fields, such as WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR212/002145 -29 LiCONFPAD 927, LiDYN,C PAD 928, and LiEXTPAD 930. NpostFECBlock The N configurable information 939 includes ([KL1C cof/NpostFECBlock] - KL1cof fpA) bits among bits of the configurable information 910. The Nth LI dynamic information of the current frame 940 includes ([KL1ddync/NpostaC Block] - KL1dynxc-PA) bits among bits of the Li dynamic information of the current frame 922. An N extension field 942 includes ( [(KeI dyn,n + KLI ext - Ncrc)/NpostFECBlock] - KL-extYAD ) bits among bits of the LI dynamic information of the next frame 923, bits of the extension field 924, and bits of the CRC 925. A 0 may be inserted into the padding field. Additionally, the position of the padding field may be changed. For example, the padding fields may be located at the end of encoding input. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, segmentation is performed when the LI dynamic information of the current frame 722, the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723, the extension field 724 and the CRC 725 are considered as one field. In this case, information acquired in the previous frame may not be used in the current frame for the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723, and the extension field 724 and the CRC 725, and LI-post signaling may include or may not include the LI dynamic information of the next frame 732 and the extension field 724. Accordingly, the Li dynamic information of the next frame 723, the extension field 724 and the CRC 725 may be considered as one field in order to simplify segmentation, and then the segmentation may be performed. In this case, a correction factor A may be equal to 1 in Equation (17). Based on the value of Npost FECBlock calculated using Equation (17), the length KLl_PADDING of the field LiPADDING 726 may be calculated using Equation (24). KLI _PADDING = KL I cof _PAD +KL_ext _PAD ... (24) In Equation (24), KLl_conf_PAD represents the length of a padding field of LI configurable information, and KLI extPAD b represents the length of a padding field of the extension field 724 including the Li dynamic information of the current frame 722, the Ll dynamic information of the next frame 723. and the WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -30 CRC 725. Lengths of LiCONFPAD and LiEXTPAD, which are padding fields, may be calculated using Equations (25) and (26), respectively. KL1 conf _PAD LN I x Npost _ FEC _ Block -KLI conf ... (25) Post _ FEC _ Block KLI _ext _PAD NKL I dyfc KLIdyf Blkpos_ FEC _ Block Npost _ FEC -Block --.

-(KLI dL+ KIdy, +KLI e + Ncc) (26) In Equations (25) and (26), KLI_conf, KLI_dyn,c, KLI_dyn,, and KLl_ext are values calculated using parameters LiPOSTCONFSIZE, LiPOSTDYN,CURRENTSIZE, LiPOSTDYNNEXTSIZE, and LiPOSTEXTSIZE, respectively. These parameters represent the length of the LI configurable information 721, the length of the LI dynamic information of the current frame 722, the length of the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723, and the length of the extension field 724, respectively. Ncrc, which corresponds to the number of CRC bits, may be, e.g., 32. When L IREPETITIONFLAQ which indicates whether the LI dynamic information of the next frame is used, is set to 0, the length KL1 dyn,n of the LI dynamic information of the next frame is equal to 0. In this case, the sum of the length of the dynamic information of the current frame, the length of the dynamic information of the next frame, and the length of the extension field may be expressed as one parameter. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the Li post signaling does not include the extension field 724. In this case, the value of KLl_ext becomes 0, and only segmented bits of the CRC field 725 are included in extension fields 734, 738, and 742 among the segmented information bits that are input to coded blocks. In this case, the number of segmented bits of the CRC field may be very small, such that it may be inefficient to first segment the extension field 724 and the CRC field 725 and then construct the extension fields WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -31 734, 738, and 742 from the segmented extension field 724 and the segmented CRC field 725. Therefore, in this case, it may be more efficient to segment the CRC field 725 with the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723. Specifically, instead of simultaneously segmenting the extension field 724 and the CRC field 725 (because the value of the extension field is equal to 0), the Li dynamic information of the next frame 723 and the CRC field 725 are simultaneously segmented, and then the first Li dynamic information of the next frame 733, the second Li dynamic information of the next frame 737, and the (NpostFEC_Block)th Li dynamic information of the next frame 741 are constructed from the segmented LI dynamic information of the next frame 723 and the segmented CRC field 725. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an extension field and the LI dynamic information of the next frame 723 do not exist. In this case, as described in the above example, the number of segmented bits of the CRC field may be very small, such that segmentation may be inefficient. Therefore, in this case, the CRC field 725 is segmented with the LI dynamic information of the current frame 722, and then the first Li dynamic information of the current frame 731, the second dynamic information of the current frame 735, and the (Npost FEC Block)h dynamic information of the current frame 739 are constructed from the segmented CRC field 725 and the segmented Li dynamic information of the current frame 722. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for encoding and transmitting control information by a transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 10, in step 1000, a transmission apparatus determines LI signaling information, and generates Li-pre information and Li-post signaling information. However, because the present invention relates to encoding Li post signaling information, the following description will not describe encoding of the LI-pre information. In step 1002, the transmission apparatus determines the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, excluding a padding field. In step 1004, the WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -32 transmission apparatus determines a number of coded blocks to be used to transmit Li-post signaling bits, based on the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, excluding the padding field, and an encoding unit. Herein, the encoding unit is a size based on which an encoder performs encoding at one time, and is also referred to herein as "the number of encoder input information bits". When BCH encoding is concatenated with LDPC encoding, the encoding unit is the number of information bits that are permitted to be input to a BCH encoder, and thus, is also referred to as BCH information bits. Also, the number of bits of the LI-post signaling information excluding the padding field is equal to a sum of the number of bits of Li configurable information, the number of bits of Li dynamic information of a current frame, the number of bits of Li dynamic information of a next frame, and the number of bits of CRC and an extension field. In step 1006, the transmission apparatus segments the Li-post signaling information according to the determined number of coded blocks. The segmentation scheme may use the equations described above. More specifically, in step 1006, first, a calculation is made of the number of padding bits corresponding to a correction factor for each of multiple pieces of information (bits of Li configurable information, bits of Li dynamic information of the current frame, bits of LI dynamic information of the next frame, and bits of CRC and an extension field). The number all padding bits of the Li-post signaling is obtained by adding the first to fourth calculated numbers of padding bits of the multiple pieces of information. Thereafter, the number of bits of the Li-post signaling is calculated using the number of padding bits of the LI-post signaling and the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, excluding the padding field. The number of input bits for each coded block may be obtained by dividing the calculated number of bits of the LI-post signaling by the number of coded blocks. In other words, encoding is perform by inputting as many Li-post signaling bits as the obtained number of input bits to the encoder.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -33 Next, each of the above multiple pieces of information (bits of the Li configurable information, bits of the LI dynamic information of the current frame, bits of the L 1 dynamic information of the next frame, and bits of the CRC and the extension field) are segmented according to the determined number of coded blocks, and input bits for code blocks, each having a length corresponding to the obtained number of input bits, are constructed. In each of the above multiple pieces of information, the number of groups of the constructed input bits for code blocks is equal to the determined number of coded blocks. In step 1008, the transmission apparatus includes the Li-post signaling information segmented in step 1006 in each of first encoder input information bits to (Npost FEC Block)h encoder input information bits. In step 1010, the transmitter encodes the first encoder input information bits to the (Npost FEC Block)* encoder input information bits, and then transmits a first coded block to an (Npost_FEC_Block) coded block to a receiver. In step 1012, after the transmission apparatus transmits the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, the number of coded blocks, or the number of PLPs to the reception apparatus, it moves to the next frame in step 1014, and repeats steps 1000 to step 1012 for the next frame. In FIG. 10, although step 1012 has been described as being performed after step 1010 is performed, step 1012 may be performed before step 1010. Also, although the transmission apparatus has been described as transmitting the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, the number of coded blocks, or the number of PLPs to the reception apparatus in step 1012, the transmission apparatus may transmit all of the information, or it may transmit only some (e.g., the number of PLPs) of the information. For example, in a broadcasting/communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the transmission apparatus transmits the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information and information on a signaling code (an LDPC codeword length and a code rate) without transmitting the number of coded blocks, the reception apparatus may estimate the number of coded blocks by using this information.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -34 FIG. II is a flowchart illustrating a method for receiving control information by a reception apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 11, in step 1100, the reception apparatus receives the LI signaling information of the current frame. In step 1102, the reception apparatus acquires at least one of the number of bits of the LI-post signaling information, the number of coded blocks, and the number of PLPs, which are transmitted in the current frame. Herein, the reception apparatus may receive the number of bits of the LI-post signaling information or the number of coded blocks from the transmission apparatus, or may use previously-determined information. This option may be changed according to a user of a system. In addition, although Li -pre information is also received in step 1100, the present invention is directed to L1-post signaling information, and L1-pre information is processed by a scheme performed by a broadcasting/communication system to which the present invention is applied. Therefore, a more detailed description of the Li-pre information will be omitted. In step 1104, the reception apparatus decodes the received coded blocks. In step 1106, the reception apparatus extracts segmented Li-post signaling information bits included in each of the decoded coded blocks, and in step 1008, the reception apparatus reassembles the Li-post signaling information bits extracted in step 1106 in order to return to a state before being segmented. In step 1110, the reception apparatus receives data using the L1-post signaling information bits reassembled in step 1108 and Li signaling information other than the LI-post signaling information received in step 1100. In step 1112, the reception apparatus moves to the next frame, and repeats the operation in steps 1100 to 1110 for the next frame. FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a transmission apparatus 1200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -35 Referring to FIG. 12, an LI signaling information generator 1202 generates LI signaling information of a current frame. Specifically, the LI signaling information generator 1202 generates L1-pre information and Li-post signaling information, and outputs the generated Li-pre information and the generated L1 post signaling information to an encoder 1204. However, because the present invention relates to encoding of Li-post signaling information, and Li-pre information is encoded by the broadcasting/communication system to which the present invention is applied, the Li -pre information will not be described in more detail herein. A controller 1206 determines the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, excluding a padding field, generated by the LI signaling information generator 1202. The controller 1206 determines a number of coded blocks to be used to transmit Li-post signaling bits based on the determined number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, excluding the padding field and an encoding unit. Also, the controller 1206 may determine the number of PLPs. When the controller 1206 determines the number of coded blocks, it segments the Li-post signaling information according to the determined number of coded blocks. Further, when the encoder 1204 includes an interleaver, the controller 1206 controls the interleaver to segment the Li-post signaling information. Otherwise, the controller 1206 may control the Li signaling information generator 1202 to segment the Li-post signaling information. The segmentation scheme may use the above-described equations. More specifically, the controller 1206 first calculates the number of padding bits corresponding to a correction factor for each of multiple pieces of information (bits of Li configurable information, bits of LI dynamic information of the current frame, bits of LI dynamic information of the next frame, and bits of CRC and an extension field). The controller then obtains the number of all padding bits of the Li-post signaling by adding the first to fourth calculated numbers of padding bits of the multiple pieces of information. The controller calculates the number of all bits of the Li-post signaling using the obtained number of padding bits of the LI-post signaling and the number of bits of the LI post signaling information, excluding the determined padding field. The number WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -36 of input bits required per coded block may be obtained by dividing the calculated number of bits of the Li-post signaling by the determined number of coded blocks. In other words, encoding is perform by inputting as many L1-post signaling bits as the obtained number of input bits to the encoder. The controller performs a control operation to segment the multiple pieces of information (bits of the Li configurable information, bits of the Li dynamic information of the current frame, bits of the Li dynamic information of the next frame, and bits of the CRC and the extension field) according to the determined number of coded blocks, and to construct input bits for code blocks, each having a length corresponding to the obtained number of input bits. The number of groups of the constructed input bits for code blocks is equal to the determined number of coded blocks. The controller 1206 controls the encoder 1204 or the Li signaling information generator 1202 to include the segmented Li-post signaling information in each of first encoder input information bits to (NpostFECBlockth encoder input information bits. The encoder 1204 first encodes the first encoder input information bits to the (NpotFECBlock) encoder input information bits, and then outputs a first coded block to an (Npost _FECBlock) coded block to a transmitter 1208. The transmitter 1208 transmits the coded blocks to a reception apparatus on a frame-by-frame basis according to the control of the controller 1206. Additionally, the transmitter 1208 may transmit the number of PLPs, which has been determined by the controller 1206, to the reception apparatus. FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a reception apparatus 1300 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 13, a receiver 1302 receives the LI signaling information of the current frame, and outputs the received Li signaling information of the current frame to a decoder 1304. Also, the receiver 1302 receives at least one of the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, the number of coded blocks, and the number of PLPs, which are transmitted in the current frame, and outputs the received data to a controller 1306. Herein, the controller 1306 may receive the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, the number of WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -37 coded blocks, or the number of PLPs from the transmission apparatus, or may use previously-determined information. This option may be changed according to a user of a system. In addition, although the receiver 1302 also receives Li-pre information, because the present invention is directed to Li-post signaling information, and Li-pre information is processed by a scheme performed by a broadcasting/communication system to which the present invention is applied, a more detailed description of the LI-pre information will be omitted. The decoder 1304 decodes the received coded blocks. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller 1306 performs a control operation for extracting segmented Li-post signaling information bits included in each of the decoded coded blocks. A reassembler 1308 reassembles the Li-post signaling information bits extracted according to the control of the controller 1306, in order to return to a state before being segmented. Namely, the controller 1306 calculates a segmentation value by using one of one of the number of bits of the Li-post signaling information, the number of coded blocks and the number of PLPs, and notifies the calculated segmentation value to the reassembler 1308. Accordingly, the controller 1306 enables the restoration of the original Li-post signaling information by reversely performing the process performed by the transmission apparatus. The controller 1306 controls the receiver 1302 to receive data using the reassembled Li-post signaling information bits and Li signaling information other than the LI-post signaling information. As described above, although Li configurable information and Li dynamic information are referred to as "Li-post signaling information," this designation is a term used when the present invention is applied to DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial 2). Accordingly, when the present invention is applied to DVB-C2 (Digital Video Broadcasting Cable 2), the LI configurable information and the L 1 dynamic information may also be referred to as "part II signaling information." WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -38 Additionally, the above-described embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented as codes, which can be recorded by a computer, in a non-transitory computer-recordable recording medium. For example, the computer-recordable recording medium may be an optional data storage device, which can store data that can be read by a computer system. Examples of non-transitory computer-recordable recording mediums include a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Compact Disk (CD), a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage device. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. According to the above-described embodiments of the present invention, a transmitter encodes control information to efficiently change the control information, such that a receiver can improve decoding performance. While the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments thereof, but is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting signaling information by a transmitter in a broadcasting/communication system, the method comprising: generating the signaling information which comprises a plurality of pieces; determining a number of coded blocks to which the signaling information is to be encoded, based on a number of bits of the signaling information and a number of encoder input information bits; segmenting each piece of the signaling information based on the number of the coded blocks; constructing input information bits of each coded block to include segmented parts of each piece of the signaling information; encoding the input information bits to each coded block; and transmitting each coded block.

2. A method for receiving signaling information by a receiver in a broadcasting/communication system, the method comprising: receiving coded blocks of the signaling information; acquiring a number of bits of the signaling information or a number of the coded blocks of the signaling information; decoding the coded blocks; extracting segmented signaling information bits included in the decoded coded blocks; and restoring the extracted segmented signaling information bits to a state before being segmented.

3. The method of claim 1, and the method of claim 2, respectively, wherein the signaling information includes layer 1 (LI) configurable information and LI dynamic information.

4. The methods of claim 3, wherein the Li dynamic information includes LI dynamic information of a current frame and LI dynamic information of a next frame. WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -40

5. The methods of claim 3, wherein the signaling information further includes at least one of an extension field, a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) field, and a padding field.

6. The method of claim 1, and method of claim 2, respectively, wherein the number of the coded blocks is defined by: If Kpost _ex _pad K Kb, 1 Npost FEC _ Block = Otherwise, K post _ ex _ pad 1 I KbCh -A wherein Npost FECBlock represents the number of coded blocks, Kpostex-Pad represents a number of signaling bits, excluding a padding field, Kbch corresponds to the encoding unit and represents a number of bits that the encoder encodes at one time unit, Kbch represents a number of Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) information bits that are permitted to be input to a BCH encoder when BCH encoding is concatenated with Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoding, and A represents a correction factor.

7. The methods of claim 5, a length of the padding field is defined by: KLIPADDING = KLl _conf PAD + KLI ,c _PAD+ KL dyn,n PAD + KLI _ PAD' wherein KLIPADDING represents the length of the padding field, KLIconfPAD represents a length of a padding field of the LI configurable information, KLI_dyn,c PAD represents a length of a padding field of LI dynamic information of a current frame, KLIdyn,n_PAD represents a length of a padding field of LI dynamic information of a next frame, and KLI_ext_PAD represents a length of a padding field of the extension field including the CRC.

8. The methods of claim 7, wherein KLIconf PAD, is defined by: KL L conf _ PAD K LI _conf 1x N post _ FEC _ Block - K Lon I post _ FEC _ Block l WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -41 wherein KLIdyn,c_PAD is defined by: K1 KL _dnc_ PAD Lldyn,c _xN post FEC _ Block L ppt _ FEC _Block wherein KL1dyn,nPAD is defined by: KLd K Ldldynn_ PAD F KLl n,n xN pos _ FEC _ Block -aKL dyln and -post FEC - Block wherein KLIextPAD is defined by: KL x + Ncr KLl _ext _PAD ext crc x Npot _FEC _ Block - (KL1 _ ext + Ncc), post _ FEC _ Block wherein KL_conf represents a length of the Li configurable information, KLI_dyn,c represents a length of the Li dynamic information of the current frame, KL_dyn,n represents a length of the Li dynamic information of the next frame, KL1_ext represents a length of the extension field, and Ncrc represents a length of the CRC field.

9. The method of claim 1, and the method of claim 2, respectively, wherein a length of the input information bits of each coded block is defined by: K K = post sig Npost _FEC _ Block wherein Ksig represents the length of the input information bits of each coded block, Npost FECBlock represents the number of coded blocks, and Kpost is defined by: K, 0 ,, = Kpost _ex _pad + KLI _ PADDING WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -42 wherein Kpostexpad represents a number of signaling bits excluding a padding field, and KLlPADDING represents a length of the padding field.

10. An apparatus for transmitting signaling information in a broadcasting/communication system, the apparatus comprising: a layer 1 (LI) signaling information generator for generating the signaling information which comprises a plurality pieces; a controller for determining a number of coded blocks to which the signaling information is to be encoded, based on a number of bits of the signaling information and a number of encoder input information bits; an encoder for segmenting each piece of the signaling information based on the number of the coded blocks, constructing input information bits of each coded block to include segmented parts of each piece of the signaling information, and encoding the input information bits to each coded block; and a transmitter for transmitting each encoded block.

11. An apparatus for receiving signaling information in a broadcasting/communication system, the apparatus comprising: a receiver for receiving coded blocks of the signaling information; a decoder for decoding the coded blocks; a controller for acquiring a number of bits of the signaling information or a number of the coded blocks of the signaling information, and extracting segmented signaling information bits included in the decoded coded blocks; and a reassembler for reassembling the segmented signaling information bits to a state before being segmented.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, and the apparatus of claim 11, respectively, wherein the signaling information comprises layer 1 (L1) configurable information and LI dynamic information.

13. The apparatuses of claim 12, wherein the LI dynamic information comprises Li dynamic information of a current frame and Li dynamic information of a next frame. WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -43

14. The apparatuses of claim 12, wherein the signaling information further comprises at least one of an extension field, a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) field, and a padding field.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, and the apparatus of claim 11, respectively, wherein the number of the coded blocks is defined by: if Kpost _ex _ pad Kc, 1 Npot _ FEC _ Block =Kpot _ex _ pad 1 Kbch - A wherein Npost FEC Block represents the number of coded blocks, Kpost expand represents a number of signaling bits, excluding a padding field, Kbch corresponds to the encoding unit and represents a number of bits that the encoder encodes at one time unit, Kbch represents a number of Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) information bits that are permitted to be input to a BCH encoder when BCH encoding is concatenated with Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoding, and A represents a correction factor.

16. The apparatuses of claim 14, wherein a length of the padding field is defined by: KL1 _ PADDING = KLI cof _PAD +KL1 d, PAD +KL1 _dyn,n PAD +KL _ ext _ PAD ' wherein KLPADDING represents the length of the padding field, KLIconfPAD represents a length of a padding field of the L1 configurable information, KLIdyn,c PAD represents a length of a padding field of LI dynamic information of a current frame, KLIdyn,nPAD represents a length of a padding field of L1 dynamic information of a next frame, and KLlextPAD represents a length of a padding field of the extension field including the CRC.

17. The apparatuses of claim 16, wherein KLIconfPAD, is defined by: KLI conf PAD [ K-LIconf _x Npost _ FEC _ Block -KLI conf post FEC _ Block WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -44 wherein KL_dyn,c_PAD is defined by: KL1dync _PAD XN Lldync xN post _ FEC _ Block -KLl dyn,c I post _ FEC _ Block wherein KLIdyn,n_PAD is defined by: K 1 KLdyn PAD N " N post _ FEC _ Block - KL ldyn,n' and post FEC Block wherein KL1 extPAD is defined by: KLI _ext _PAD [ KLI _ext ±Ncrc X Npost _FEC _Block - (KLl _ ext + Ncrc), post _ FEC _ Block wherein KL1_conf represents a length of the LI configurable information, KL_dyn,c represents a length of the Li dynamic information of the current frame, KLIdyn,n represents a length of the Li dynamic information of the next frame, KL_ext represents a length of the extension field, and Nc represents a length of the CRC field.

18. The apparatus of claim 10, and the apparatus of claim 11, respectively, wherein a length of the input information bits of each coded block is defined by: K K = post si"g =Npost _ FEC _ Block wherein Ksig represents the length of the input information bits of each coded block, NpostFECBlock represents the number of coded blocks, and KPOSt is defined by: Ks, = K _ ex _ pd + KLI _ PADDING I WO 2012/134121 PCT/KR2012/002145 -45 wherein Kpost ex_pad represents a number of signaling bits excluding a padding field, and KL_PADDING represents a length of the padding field.