AU2012213180A1

AU2012213180A1 - Improvements in and relating to compositions

Info

Publication number: AU2012213180A1
Application number: AU2012213180A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Frances Morrissey; Dawn Padfield; Chris Seldon
Original assignee: Norgine BV
Current assignee: Norgine BV
Priority date: 2011-01-31
Filing date: 2012-01-31
Publication date: 2013-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 2032-01-31

Description

Improvements in and relating to compositions

The present invention relates to solutions for the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction. In particular, it relates to ready-to-use solutions comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) and electrolytes for the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction. Constipation is a widespread condition which generally gives rise to discomfort. The physical presence of faeces retained in the colon and/or the rectum gives rise to a feeling of malaise and headaches. In extreme cases of prolonged constipation, dyschezia may result from the presence of scybala or faecaliths in the rectum.

Numerous treatments for constipation have been developed, including dietary manipulation (e.g. increasing the fibre content of the diet and removing foods considered to cause constipation), laxatives and enemas. Laxatives are agents that promote and assist defecation. Osmotic laxatives act to retain water in the colonic lumen, thereby counteracting the normal dehydrating action of the colon. By suppressing the dehydration action of the colon, the osmotic laxative produces a faecal stream which is softer, bulkier and easier to expel. A number of osmotic laxative treatments currently in use comprise polyethylene glycol (PEG) and electrolytes. Various such PEG / electrolyte products are on the market in many countries. An example of such a product is MOVICOL (registered trademark of Edra AG, exclusively licensed to the Norgine group of companies, and marketed in the UK by Norgine Limited, Chaplin House, Widewater Place, Moorhall Road, Harefield, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB9 6NS, United Kingdom). MOVICOL is provided in a sachet containing 13.8g powder for making up into an oral solution. Each sachet contains: 13.1250g Macrogol 3350, 0.3507g sodium chloride, 0.1785g sodium bicarbonate and 0.0466g potassium chloride. This is the standard dose of MOVICOL. It also contains flavouring and sweetener. MOVICOL has been on the market since 1995. MOVICOL PLAIN is essentially the same as MOVICOL but it does not contain flavouring or sweetener, so to adjust for the potassium content of the sweetener, it contains slightly more potassium chloride. Each sachet of MOVICOL PLAIN contains: 13.1250g Macrogol 3350, 0.3508g sodium chloride, 0.1786g sodium bicarbonate and 0.0502g potassium chloride. When MOVICOL or MOVICOL PLAIN is made into a drink with water to a volume of 125 millilitres, each sachet gives the equivalent of: 65 millimoles/litre sodium, 53

millimoles/litre chloride, 17 millimoles/litre bicarbonate and 5.4 millimoles/litre potassium.

One standard dose of MOVICOL is provided as a unit treatment in powder form in one sachet. Patients are advised to combine the powder contents of a sachet with water to make up a drink of 125ml. It is found that dissolution can, in practice, take some time. It is important with a solution of the MOVICOL type that the patient does not to attempt to speed the dissolution by heating as that will lead to decomposition of the bicarbonate component. The time taken for the powder to dissolve causes inefficiency in the care-home or hospital setting where solutions are prepared by professional care-providers. In the self-administration domestic setting, it can cause frustration in the patient and risks the patient taking an incompletely dissolved preparation, which would reduce the efficacy of the treatment. The sachets are made of a laminate consisting of four layers: low density polyethylene, aluminium, low density polyethylene and paper. Some patients have difficulties manipulating and tearing open the sachets. The sachets are not re- usable.

For the treatment of constipation, patients are advised to take one sachet dissolved to 125ml 1-3 times a day, according to the severity of the constipation. Treatment with MOVICOL usually lasts about 2 weeks. There are various situations in which MOVICOL is recommended for longer treatments than 2 weeks, particularly in patients who take drugs that cause constipation (e.g. opioids, such as morphine) or have a disease that has associated constipation (for example Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis (MS)). Usually, for long term treatment in such chronic treatment situations, the number of doses per day can be adjusted down to either one or two.

For the treatment of faecal impaction, the recommended treatment is 8 sachets a day (each dissolved to 125ml), taken within 6 hours. That number of doses may be needed for up to 3 days.

Therefore, MOVICOL and other PEG-based laxatives generally require the user to make up a solution for consumption by combining a dry powder with water. This is generally inconvenient, particularly for the elderly, time consuming and increases the possibility that the instructions, typically provided with such products, are not followed as directed. In addition, it requires the user to have drinkable water or other aqueous solution available.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a PEG-based laxative product that is easy and convenient to take, is efficacious, has an acceptable taste and an acceptable shelf-life.

In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating constipation and/or faecal impaction in a mammalian subject, such as a human, comprising orally administering, without further dilution, an aqueous solution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components: (a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optional preservative;

(f) optional sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

The invention provides, in particular, a method of treating constipation comprising orally administering an aqueous solution as described supra. In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aqueous solution as described supra for oral administration, without further dilution, for the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction. The solution is especially suitable for the treatment of constipation.

By "without further dilution" is meant that the aqueous solutions of the present invention are "ready-to-use", that is, neither do they require the combination of a dry powder with water nor do they require combination with water or any other liquid (i.e. they do not require any dilution) prior to consumption. It is to be understood that there may be an insubstantial amount of dilution by the saliva or dregs of liquid (e.g. from rinsing a glass or other drinking vessel) upon administration/consumption, but this is not to be taken as "further dilution" within the context of this invention. In particular, "without further dilution" means that the solutions of the invention are used/administered without being combined with added liquid, such as water. As such, solutions of the invention are particularly convenient to administer/consume. This is particularly advantageous for subjects that are frail (for example the geriatric population) where it is generally inconvenient to have to follow preparation instructions prior to consuming a product. Solutions of the invention are preferably substantially free from any sulphate component. In particular, solutions of the invention are preferably substantially free from sodium sulphate. In this context, "substantially free from any sulphate component" is taken to mean free from any added sulphate component. Negligible amounts of sulphate salts may be present in other added components, or in the water that is used in the solutions. Such amounts are not substantial in this context. In accordance with the present invention, there is further provided an aqueous solution for use in the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction by oral administration without further dilution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components:

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 1.0 to 5.9 g/L (for example 3.0 to 5.9 g/L) of preservative;

(f) optional sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

In accordance with the present invention there is preferably provided an aqueous solution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components:

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 1.0 to 5.9 g/L (for example 3.0 to 5.9 g/L) of preservative;

(f) 0.1 to 1.5 g/L sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

In accordance with the present invention there is more preferably provided an aqueous solution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components:

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 1.0 to 5.9 g/L (for example 3.0 to 5.9 g/L) of preservative;

(f) 0.1 to 1.5 g/L sweetener; and

(g) 1.0 to 10.0 g/L flavouring. Preservatives. Various national and regional pharmacopoeias set criteria that oral preparations, particularly those comprising multiple dosage unit amounts of solutions, must fulfil regarding their propensity to support micro-organism growth. For example, in order to meet the criteria of the European Pharmacopoeia for an oral preparation, a solution must satisfy the following: 3 log units drop in number of viable micro-organisms for bacteria over 14 days (typically assessed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the drop being required for each), and 1 log unit drop for yeasts and moulds over 14 days (typically assessed using Candida albicans and Aspergillus sp. for example, Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus brasiliensis ). Also, for bacteria and yeasts/moulds, there must then be no increase from 14 days to 28 days.

Various preservatives are known for use in liquid oral preparations. Examples of such preservatives include sodium propyl paraben, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzyl alcohol and phenoxyethanol. Further preservatives that are known for use in liquid oral preparations (including foods) include benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, sorbic acid, Bronopol, propylene glycol and glyceryl triacetate. Alcohols are used as preservatives in some

preparations.

In some cases, liquid oral preparations do not require the inclusion of a preservative in order to be able to fulfil criteria regarding propensity to support micro-organism growth, particularly in the case where the liquid oral preparation is provided in a form containing a single unit dose amount. Thus the invention also encompasses aqueous solutions that are substantially free from added preservative. In that case, the aqueous solution is preferably in a form containing a single unit dose amount.

If the aqueous solution of the invention does include a preservative, the preservative component may comprise one, two or more preservatives. The preservative may be (i) a separate component from the other components of the solution and mixed therewith, (ii) a constituent part of a flavouring component (f), sweetener component (g) or other component of a solution of the invention, or (iii) both (i) and (ii).

Particularly preferred preservatives are those that are efficacious in suppressing microbial growth and/or do not degrade over time at neutral or preferably alkaline pH. Preferably, the preservative is efficacious at a pH of 7.1 to 10, preferably 8 to 10 (e.g. 8.2 to 8.6) more preferably 9 to 10 e.g. pH 9.5 or thereabout Preferred preservatives include sodium propyl paraben, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, glyceryl triacetate and blends of two or more of those. Methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzyl alcohol and phenoxyethanol and blends of two or more of those are particularly preferred. Appropriate preservatives may be provided as salts, for example sodium salts. In solutions of the invention, a preservative is preferably not provided as a salt; if a preservative is provided as a salt, then the electrolyte components (b) to (d) may need to be adjusted so that the total concentration of each electrolyte remains at the required level. For example, if a preservative is used in the form of a sodium salt, it may be necessary to reduce the amount of sodium chloride present.

It is important that the level of preservative in any oral formulation does not exceed

recommended safe levels for oral use. For an oral preparation that will be given to a patient several times per day, it is important that the cumulative level of preservative is sufficiently low not to exceed recommended daily intake levels. Preferred preservatives have ADI (acceptable daily intake) levels that have been confirmed by suitable regulatory bodies, for example the EFSA. Methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzyl alcohol and blends of two or more of those are particularly preferred.

For the solutions of the present invention, it has been found that the preservative may be present at a level of from 1.0 to 5.9g, for example 3.0 to 5.9g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.30 to 0.59w/v %), for example 3.3 to 5.7g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.33 to 0.57 w/v %). For example, a preservative may be present at a level of from 3.5 to 5.5g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.35 to 0.55 w/v %). For example, a preservative may be present at a level of 3.5g/L, 4.0g/L, 4.5g/L or

5.5g/L or thereabout. For example, a preservative may be present at a level of from 3.0 to 3.9 g per litre of solution.

The term "thereabout" used throughout this specification is intended to convey that strict compliance with the indicated amount is not necessary and is intended to encompass

insignificant variations e.g. due to manufacturing tolerances.

Certain preservatives have limited solubility in water. The effectiveness of a preservative can be improved by the inclusion of a solubilising agent. Examples of solubilising agents include benzyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol and propylene glycol. A solubilising agent may be (i) a separate component from the other components of the solution and mixed therewith, (ii) a constituent part of a preservative component (e), a flavouring component (f), sweetener component (g) or other component of a solution of the invention, or (iii) both (i) and (ii). It is important that the level of a solubilising agent in any oral formulation does not exceed recommended safe levels. In a preferred embodiment, a preservative comprises 20-30% by weight (relative to the weight of the preservative) paraben (which may be a single paraben or a mixture of parabens), and 70-80%> by weight solubiliser. It is thus preferred that, in one embodiment, a solution of the invention includes one or both of methyl paraben and ethyl paraben, and benzyl alcohol, optionally further comprising propyl paraben. In an embodiment, a solution of the invention includes one or both of methyl paraben and ethyl paraben, and phenoxyethanol, optionally further comprising propyl paraben.

Therefore, suitable preservatives should fulfill multiple criteria: they should be efficacious in suppressing microbial growth and/or not degrade over time at neutral or preferably alkaline pH, and be sufficiently effective to fulfill national and regional pharmacopoeia criteria regarding micro-organism growth when used in an amount that is safe for human consumption.

Preferably, a solution of the invention includes all three of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and benzyl alcohol. For example, they may be present in a weight ratio methyl paraben: ethyl paraben: benzyl alcohol of 1 to 3: 1 : 5 to 12, for example 1.5 to 2.5: 1 : 7 to 9. For example, in the ratio 18: 9: 73.

Preferably, a blend of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and benzyl alcohol is present at a level of 3.0 to 4.9g per litre of solution (ie 0.30 to 0.49w/v %), for example 3.3 to 4.7g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.33 to 0.47w/v %). For example, a preservative may be present at a level of from 3.5 to 4.5g per litre of solution (ie 0.35 to 0.45w/v %). For example, a preservative may be present at a level of 3.5g L, 4.0g/L or 4.5g/L. A preferred solution comprises 3.5g or 4.0. g of a blend of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and benzyl alcohol per litre, for example 3.5g or 4.0g per litre of a blend of methyl paraben (18%), ethyl paraben (9%) and benzyl alcohol (73%), the weight % being based on the weight of the preservative component. Henceforth, this blend of methyl paraben (18%), ethyl paraben (9%) and benzyl alcohol (73%) is referred to as "MEB". For example, a blend of methyl paraben and ethyl paraben (and no further added preservative) is present at a level of 1.0 to 2.0 g per litre of solution (ie 0.1 to 0.2w/v %). The methyl and ethyl parabens may be present in a weight ratio of methyl paraben : ethyl paraben of from 3: 1 to 1 :3, for example 2: 1.

In one embodiment therefore, the aqueous solution of the invention comprises (or consists essentially of) the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride; (c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 4.9 g/L for example 3.3 to 4.7g/L or 3.5 to 4.5g/L, e.g. 3.5g/L, 4.0g/L or 4. g/L of preservative comprising or consisting essentially of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben or benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.5 to 4.5g/L such as 3.5 or 4.5 g/L);

(f) optional sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

In an alternative embodiment, the preservative comprises a blend of MEB and propyl paraben. In some embodiments, the ratio of MEB:propyl paraben is 1.2: 1 to 4.5:1, e.g. 1.5:1 to 4.0:1, 1.75 : 1 to 3.5 : 1. In one embodiment, the MEB:propyl paraben is 1.75 : 1 or 3.5 : 1. Thus in some embodiments, MEB is present at a level of from 3.0g to 4.0g per liter of solution (0.3 to 0.4w/v %) and propyl paraben is also present at a level of from 0.8 to 2.5g per liter of solution (0.08 to 0.25 w/v %). In one embodiment, MEB is present at a level of 3.5g per litre or thereabout (0.35w/v %) and propyl paraben is present at a level of lg per litre of solution or thereabout (0.1 w/v %). In another embodiment, MEB is present at a level of 3.5g per litre or thereabout (0.35w/v %) and propyl paraben is present at a level of 2g per litre of solution or thereabout (0.2w/v %).

Accordingly therefore the present invention further provides an aqueous solution comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 5.9 g/L for example 4.5 to 5.5 g/L, of preservative comprising or consisting essentially of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.0 to 4.0g/L such as 3.5 g/L) and propyl paraben (at a concentration of e.g. 0.08g/L to 0.25g/L such as 0.1g/L or 0.2g/L).

(f) optional sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

In other embodiments of the invention, the preservative is a blend of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and phenoxyethanol. For example, a solution of the invention includes all three of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and phenoxyethanol. For example, they may be present in a weight ratio methyl paraben : ethyl paraben : phenoxyethanol of 1 to 3 : 1 : 5 to 12, for example

1.2 to 2.5 : 1 : 7 to 9. For example, in the ratio 18: 9: 73, or 15: 10: 75. This blend therefore maybe a blend of methyl paraben (18%), ethyl paraben (9%) and phenoxyethanol (73%), the weight % being based on the weight of the preservative component.

A blend of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and phenoxyethanol may be present at a level of from 3.1 to 5.9g per litre of solution (ie 0.31 to 0.59w/v %), for example 3.3 to 5.7g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.33 to 0.57 w/v %). For example, a blend of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and phenoxyethanol may be present at a level of from 3.5 to 5.5g per litre of solution (ie 0.35 to 0.55 w/v %). For example, a blend of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and phenoxyethanol may be present at a level of 3.5g/L, 4.0g/L, 4.5g/L or 5.5g/L.

The present invention further provides an aqueous solution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of);

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG (or a sub-range thereof, as described infra) having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da; and

(b) 1.0 to 5.9g, for example 3.0 to 5.9g, per litre of solution (i.e. 0.30 to 0.59w/v %), for example

3.3 to 5.7g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.33 to 0.57 w/v %) of preservative wherein the preservative (such as those described supra) is acceptable for human consumption and efficacious in the aqueous solution at neutral or preferably alkaline pH (preferably at a pH of 7.1 to 10, preferably 8 to 10, more preferably 9 to 10 e.g. 9.5 or thereabout) in suppressing the growth of one or more (preferably all) of the following microorganisms:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis .

Preferably, solutions of this embodiment of the invention further comprise (or further consist essentially of);

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L (or a sub-range thereof as set forth infra) sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L (or a sub-range thereof as set forth infra) potassium chloride; (d) 3.0 to 11 g/L (or a sub-range thereof as set forth infra) sodium bicarbonate; (e) optional sweetener, when present, at a concentration as set forth infra;

(f) optional flavouring, when present, at a concentration as set forth infra. Alternatively, components (b), (c) and (d) maybe administered or consumed separately from the aqueous solution and are preferably in a solid form such as a capsule or tablet. Preferably, in this embodiment, these components are in the form of a film coated tablet. In this embodiment, the tablet may comprise sodium chloride in a range of 0.1 to 3.0g, preferably, 0.3g. to 1.5g, even more preferably, 0.3g to 1.0g, e.g. 0.3g to 0.4g. In this embodiment, the tablet may further comprise potassium chloride in a range of O.Olg to O.lg, preferably, 0.3g to 0.6g, more preferably, 0.4g to 0.5g. In this embodiment, the tablet may further comprise, in addition to sodium chloride and potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, which if present, is in the range of O. lg to 0.3g, preferably, 0.15g to 0.2g, more preferably, 0.17g to 0.18g. The tablet may further contain typical excipients such as lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate) as known and called for by acceptable galenic practice.

The sweetener and flavouring in this embodiment may be contained within either the aqueous solution and/or on or within the solid form. In one embodiment, both the aqueous solution comprising components (a) and (b), and solid form comprising or consisting essentially of components (b) to (d), comprise either a flavouring and/or a sweetener. The flavouring used with the aqueous solution maybe the same or different as that used with the solid form. If different, preferably the flavouring is complimentary in taste to that flavouring used in the aqueous solution. The flavouring in the solid form may contrast with that used in the aqueous solution (e.g. sweet versus sour).

In a further embodiment, there is provided the use of a preservative (such as those described supra) that is acceptable for human consumption and efficacious in an aqueous solution at neutral but preferably alkaline pH in suppressing the growth of one or more (preferably all) of the following microorganisms:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis

in preserving an aqueous solution comprising 350 to 600g/L PEG (or a sub-range thereof, as described infra) having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da., and optionally further comprising (b) to (f) as set forth immediately supra.

In one embodiment there is provided a kit comprising:

(A) an aqueous solution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of); (a) 350 to 600g/L PEG (or a sub-range thereof, as described infra) having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da; and

(b) 1.0 to 5.9g, for example 3.0 to 5.9g, per litre of solution (i.e. 0.30 to 0.59w/v %), for example 3.3 to 5.7g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.33 to 0.57 w/v %) of preservative wherein the preservative (such as those described supra) is acceptable for human consumption and efficacious in the aqueous solution at alkaline pH (preferably at a pH of 7 to 10, preferably 8 to 10, more preferably 9 to 10 e.g. 9.5 or thereabout) in suppressing the growth of one or more (preferably all) of the following microorganisms:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis; and a composition in a solid form such as a capsule or tablet comprising;

(c) sodium chloride in a range of 0.1 to 3.0g, preferably, 0.3g. to 1.5g, even more preferably, 0.3g to l .Og, e.g. 0.3g to 0.4g;

(d) potassium chloride in a range of O.Olg to 0. lg, preferably, 0.3g to 0.6g, more preferably, 0.4g to 0.5g;

(e) sodium bicarbonate, in the range of 0.1 g to 0.3g, preferably, 0.1 g to 0.2g, more preferably, 0.17g to 0.18g.

In one particular embodiment there is provided a kit comprising:

(A) an aqueous solution comprising;

(i) 525g/L or thereabout of PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da (particularly PEG3350);

(ii) 1.0 to 5.9g, for example 3.0 to 5.9g, per litre of solution (i.e. 0.30 to 0.59w/v %), for example 3.3 to 5.7g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.33 to 0.57 w/v %) of preservative wherein the preservative (such as those described supra) is acceptable for human consumption and efficacious in the aqueous solution at neutral or preferably alkaline pH (preferably at a pH of 7 to 10, preferably 8 to 10, preferably 9 to 10 e.g. 9.5 or thereabout) in suppressing the growth of one or more (preferably all) of the following microorganisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis; and

(B) a tablet or capsule comprising:

sodium chloride in a range of 0.1 to 3.0g, preferably, 0.3g. to 1.5g, even more preferably, 0.3g to l.0g, e.g. 0.3g to 0.4g; potassium chloride in a range of O.Olg to O.lg, preferably, 0.3g to 0.6g, more preferably, 0.4g to 0.5g; and sodium bicarbonate, in the range of O.lg to 0.3g, preferably, 0.15g to 0.2g, more preferably, 0.17g to 0.18g.

Polyethylene glycol

The polyethylene glycol (PEG) used in solutions of the invention has an average molecular weight (for example a weight average molecular weight), of 2500Da to 4500Da. The PEG may have an average molecular weight of 3000 to 4000. For example, the PEG may be PEG 3350 or PEG 4000 as defined in national pharmacopoeias. Further examples of suitable PEGs recognized in some national pharmacopoeias include Macrogols, for example Macrogol 4000. Optionally, the PEG used in compositions of the invention may comprise two or more different PEG compounds.

Depending on the molecular weight of the PEG in a solution of the invention, the upper limit of concentration of the PEG may be limited by the water solubility of the PEG. Solutions of the invention therefore comprise PEG in an amount of 350 to 600 g per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 400, 450 or 500 g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 600, 575 or 550 g per litre; for example 500 to 550 g per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise 525 g of PEG per litre, for example 525 g of PEG 3350 per litre.

Sodium Chloride

Solutions of the invention preferably comprise sodium chloride in an amount of 8.0 to 20g per litre of solution, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 10, 11 , 12 or 13 g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 18, 17, 16 or 15 g per litre; for example 13 to 15 g per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 14g of sodium chloride per litre, for example 14.028g per litre. Potassium Chloride

Solutions of the invention preferably comprise potassium chloride in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 g per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7 or 1.8 g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 2.7, 2.5, 2.3, 2.1 or 2.0 g per litre; for example 1.6 to 2.1 g per litre, for example 1.8 to 1.9g per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise 1.864 g of potassium chloride per litre. An alternative solution of the invention may comprise 1.268g or 2.008 g of potassium chloride per litre. In an embodiment, the potassium ion content may be provided by a potassium salt other than potassium chloride. Sodium bicarbonate

Solutions of the invention preferably comprise sodium bicarbonate (also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate) in an amount of 3.0 to 1 lg per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 5.0, 6.0, 6.5 or 7.0g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 10, 9.0, 8.0 or 7.5g per litre; for example 6.5 to 8.0 g per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 7.1 g per litre, for example 7.140g per litre.

In a solution of the invention, the weight ratio of the components PEG, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate is preferably approximately 13.125(PEG) : 0.3507 (NaCl) : 0.0466 (KC1) : 0.1785 ( aHC0₃), ie approximately 282 (PEG) : 7.5 ( aCl) : 1 ( C1) : 3.8 (NaHC0₃). For example it may be within the ranges 250 to 450 (PEG) : 5 to 15 (NaCl) : 1 (KC1) : 3 to 7.5 (NaHC0₃), for example 250 to 300 (PEG) : 5 to 10 (NaCl) : 1 (KC1) : 3 to 5

(NaHC0₃), for example within the ranges 275 to 285 (PEG) : 7 to 8 (NaCl) : 1 ( C1) : 3.6 to 4.0 (NaHC0₃).

In another embodiment of a solution of the invention, the molar ratio of the individual ions in the components sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate is preferably approximately 65(Na⁺) : 53 (CI ) : 5.0 (K⁺) : 17 (HC0₃ ), ie approximately 13 (Na⁺) :10.6 (CI ) : 1 (K⁺) : 3.4 (HC0 ), For example it may be within the ranges 11 to 15 (Na⁺) : 8 to 13 (CI^") : 1 (K⁺) : 2.8 to 4.0 (HC0₃ ), for example within the ranges 12 to 14 (Na⁺) : 9 to 11 (CI^") : 1 (K⁺) : 3.2 to 3.6 (HC0₃ ).

Solutions of the invention preferably comprise sodium present as sodium ions in an amount of 173 to 473 mmol per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 231 , 259, 282 or 305 mmol per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 427, 398, 369 or 345 mmol per litre; for example 305 to 345 mmol per litre. For example, a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 325 mmol sodium present as sodium ions per litre. In one embodiment, solutions of the invention preferably comprise potassium present as potassium ions in an amount of 14 to 43 mmol per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 17, 23 or 26 mmol per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 39, 34 or 29 mmol per litre; for example from 26 to 29 mmol per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 27 mmol potassium present as potassium ions per litre.

In another embodiment, solutions of the invention preferably comprise potassium present as potassium ions in an amount of 13 to 40 mmol per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 16, 19, 21, 23 or 24 mmol per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 36, 34, 31, 28 or 27 mmol per litre; for example 21 to 28 mmol per litre, for example from 24 to 25 mmol per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 25 mmol potassium present as potassium ions per litre.

Solutions of the invention preferably comprise chloride ions in an amount of 150 to 382 mmol per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 187, 207, 226 or 245 mmol per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 344, 325, 305 or 284 mmol per litre; for example from 246 to 281 mmol per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 265 mmol chloride ions per litre.

Solutions of the invention preferably comprise bicarbonate ions in an amount of 36 to 131 mmol per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 60, 71, 77 or 83 mmol per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 11 , 107, 95 or 89 mmol per litre; for example 77 to 95 mmol per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 85 mmol per litre.

Sweeteners

Solutions of the invention may comprise one or more sweeteners. Preferred sweeteners include aspartame, acesulfame potassium (acesulfame K), sucralose and saccharine and combinations thereof. For example, solutions of the invention may comprise one or both of sucralose and acesulfame potassium (acesulfame K). Typically, a sweetener may be present at a level of for example 0.1 to 1.5g per litre such as 0.3 to 1.2g per litre, e.g. 0.5g to lg per litre. Solutions of the invention may include a sweetener at a level of 0.7 to 1.5g per litre. Solutions of the invention may include a sweetener, for example at a level of 0.6 to 0.9g per litre, for example 0.70 to 0.95g per litre, for example 0.80 to 0.95g per litre. In one embodiment, the sweetener is at a level of 1.0g or thereabout per litre. In another embodiment, the sweetener is at a level of 0.85g or thereabout per litre. In an embodiment, acesulfame K is present in an amount of, 0.20 to 0.60 g per litre, preferably within in a range in which the lower limit is 0.20, 0.30 or 0.35 g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 0.60, 0.50 or 0.45 g per litre. For example, a solution of the invention may comprise 0.40 g acesulfame K per litre. In one embodiment, solutions of the invention preferably comprise acesulfame ions in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 mmol per litre, preferably within a range in which the lower limit is 1.0, 1.5 or 1.7 mmol per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 3.0, 2.5 or 2.2 mmol per litre. For example, a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 2.0 mmol acesulfame ions per litre.

For example, in one embodiment, the invention provides an aqueous solution, comprising the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 78 to 240 mmol/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(bl) 173 to 473 mmol/L sodium present as sodium ions;

(c) 14 to 43 mmol/L potassium present as potassium ions;

(b2) 150 to 382 mmol/L chloride ions;

(d) 36 to 131 mmol/L bicarbonate ions;

(e) preservative;

(fl) 1.0 to 3.0 mmol/L acesulfame ions;

(£2) optional additional sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

In one embodiment of a solution of the invention, the molar ratio of the individual ions in the components sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and acesulfame K is preferably approximately 65(Na⁺) : 53 (CI^") : 5.4 ( ⁺) : 17 (HCO3 ), ie approximately 12 (Na⁺) : 10 (CI ) : 1 ( ⁺) : 3 (HC0₃ ^~), For example it may be within the ranges 10 to 14 ( a⁺) : 8 to 12 (Cf) : 1 (K⁺) : 2.5 to 3.7 (HCO₃ ), for example within the ranges 11 to 13 (Na⁺) : 9 to 11 (CI ) : 1 (K⁺) : 2.9 to 3.3 (HC0₃ ).

In an embodiment, sucralose is present in an amount of 0.2 to l.Og per litre, more preferably within in a range in which the lower limit is , 0.2 or 0.4 g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.5, 0.45, 0.3g per litre. For example, sucralose may be present in an amount of from 0.20 to 0.55g per litre, for example 0.30 to 0.55g per litre, for example 0.40 to 0.50g per litre. For example, a solution of the invention may comprise 0.6 g or 0.45g sucralose per litre. In a preferred embodiment, the preservative and sweetener are present in a weight ratio of preservative: sweetener of 1 : 1 to 7:1, preferably 1 :1 to 5:1, more preferably 1 :1 to 2: 1.

In one embodiment, the invention provides an aqueous solution comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 5.9 g/L of preservative;

(f) 0.7 to 1.5 g/L (for example 0.7 to 0.9 g/L) sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring, In one embodiment, the invention provides an aqueous solution comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 3.9 g/L of preservative;

(f) 0.7 to 1.5 g/L (for example 0.7 to 0.9 g/L) sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

In one embodiment, the solution of the invention comprises both sucralose (as the optional additional sweetener) and acesulfame K. In this embodiment, acesulfame K is present in an amount of, 0.20 to 0.60 g per litre, preferably within a range in which the lower limit is 0.20, 0.30 or 0.35 g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 0.60, 0.50 or 0.45 g per litre. For example, a solution of the invention may comprise 0.40 g acesulfame per litre. In this embodiment, sucralose is present in an amount of 0.2 to 1.0 g per litre, preferably within a range in which the lower limit is 0.2 or 0.4 g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.5, 0.45, 0.3 g per litre. For example, a solution of the invention may comprise 0.6 g or 0.45 g sucralose per litre. Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, the solution of the invention comprises 0.6g or thereabout sucralose per litre and 0.4g or thereabout acesulfame K per litre. In another embodiment, the solution of the invention comprises 0.45g or thereabout sucralose per litre and 0.4g or thereabout acesulfame K per litre. Preferably, sucralose and acesulfame K are present in a weight ratio of sucralose : acesulfame of from 2: 1 to 1 :2, more preferably from 1.25 : 1 to 1 : 1.

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 5.9 g/L of preservative;

(f) 0.7 to 1.5 g/L (for example 0.7 to 0.9 g/L) sweetener comprising sucralose and

acesulfame K; and

(g) optional flavouring,

In accordance therefore with the present invention there is provided an aqueous solution comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components at the following

concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 4.9 g/L (for example 3.3 to 4.7g/L or 3.5 to 4.5g/L, e.g. 3.5g/L, 4.0g/L or 4.5g/L) of preservative comprising or consisting essentially of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben or benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.5 to 4.5g/L, such as 3.5 or 4.5 g/L);

(f) 0.1 to 1.5g per litre (such as 0.3 to 1.2g per litre, e.g. 0.5g to lg per litre, such as 1.0g or thereabout per litre, or 0.85g or thereabout per litre) of sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring. In accordance therefore with the present invention there is provided an aqueous solution comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components at the following

concentrations:

350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da; 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

3.0 to 5.9 g/L (for example 4.5 to 5.5 g/L) of preservative comprising or consisting essentially of, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.5 to 4.0g/L, such as 3.5 g/L) and propyl paraben (at a concentration of e.g. 0.08g/L to 0.25g/L, such as O.lg/L or 0.2g/L) and;

0.1 to 1.5g per litre (such as 0.3 to 1.2g per litre, e.g. 0.5g to lg per litre, such as 1.0g or thereabout per litre, or 0.85g or thereabout per litre) of sweetener; and optional flavouring.

In accordance with a further aspect of the invention there is provided an aqueous solution comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components at the following

concentrations:

1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

3.0 to 4.9 g/L (for example 3.3 to 4.7g/L or 3.5 to 4.5g/L, e.g. 3.5g/L, 4.0g/L or 4.5g/L) of preservative comprising or consisting essentially of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben or benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.5 to 4.5g/L, such as 3.5 or 4.5 g/L); 0.2 to 0.6g/L (for example 0.2 to 0.5g/L or 0.3 to 0.45g/L, e.g. 0.4g/L of acesulfame K);

0.2 to l .Og/L (for example 0.2 to 0.8g/L or 0.3 to 0.6g/L or 0.4 to 0.6g/L, such as 0.45g/L or thereabout, or 0.6g/L or thereabout) of sucralose; and

optional flavouring. In accordance therefore with the present invention there is provided an aqueous solution comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components at the following

concentrations: (a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 5.9 g/L (for example 4.5 or 5.5 g/L) of preservative comprising or

consisting essentially of, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.0 to 4.0g/L) and propyl paraben (at a concentration of e.g. 0.08g/L to 0.25g/L, such as 0.1 g/L or thereabout or 0.2g/L or thereabout);

(fl) 0.2 to 0.6g/L (for example 0.2 to 0.5g/L or 0.3 to 0.4g/L, e.g. 0.4g/L) of

acesulfame K;

(£2) 0.2 to 1.0g/L (for example 0.2 to 0.8g/L or 0.3 to 0.6g/L or 0.4 to 0.6g/L, such as

0.45g/L or thereabout, or 0.6g/L or thereabout) of sucralose; and

(g) optional flavouring. Flavouring

Solutions of the invention optionally comprise one or more flavourings. Flavourings assist in making the solutions for ingestion more palatable to certain patients. The exact level of flavouring required depends on the intensity of flavour desired, and the nature and strength of the flavour in question. Typically, a flavouring may be present at a level of 1 to lOg per litre, for example from 1 to 5g per litre, especially from 1.2 to 4.3g per litre, such as 1.5 to 3.7g per litre, for example 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.2g, 3.7g or 4.0g per litre.

Examples of flavours that can be used include orange, lemon-lime, lemon, citrus, chocolate, tropical fruit, aloe vera, tea, strawberry, grapefruit, blackcurrant, pineapple and vanilla.

Preferred flavours are orange juice flavour, lemon and lime and tropical fruit flavour. Citrus flavour may also be used.

Those and further suitable flavourings are available from various flavour manufacturers and suppliers, for example International Flavours and Fragrances Inc. (Duddery Hill, Haverhill, Suffolk, CB9 8LG, England), Ungerer & Company (Sealand Road, Chester, England CHI 4LP), Firmenich (Firmenich UK Ltd., Hayes Road, Southall, Middlesex UB2 5N ) or S. Black Ltd (Foxholes Business Park, John Tate Road, Hertford, Herts, SGI 3 7YH, United Kingdom)

In accordance therefore the invention provides an aqueous solution comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(f) 0.1 to 1.5g per litre (such as 0.3 to 1.2g per litre, e.g. 0.5g to lg per litre, such as 1.0g or thereabout per litre or 0.85g or thereabout per litre) of sweetener; and

(g) 1 to lOg per litre (for example, 1 to 5g or 1.2 to 4.3g or 1.5 to 4.0g, e.g. 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.2, 3.7 or 4.0g per litre) of flavouring (which may be orange, lemon-lime or tropical fruit.

concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 5.9 g/L (for example 4.5 or 5.5 g/L) of preservative comprising or

consisting essentially of, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.0 to 4.5g/L, such as 3.5 g/L) and propyl paraben (at a concentration of e.g. 0.8g/L or 0.25g/L, such as 0.1 g/L or thereabout, or 0.2g/L or thereabout) and;

(f) 0.1 to 1.5g per litre (such as 0.3 to 1.2g per litre, e.g. 0.5g to lg per litre, such as 1.0g or thereabout per litre, or 0.85g or thereabout per litre) of sweetener; and 1 to lOg (for example, 1 to 5g or 1.2 to 4.3g or 1.5 to 4.0g, e.g. 1.5,2.0,2.5,3.2,3.7 or 4.0g per litre) of flavouring (which may be orange, lemon-lime or tropical fruit).

concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 4.9 g/L (for example 3.3 to 4.7g/L or 3.5 to 4.5g/L, e.g. 3.5g/L, 4.0g/L or 4.5 g/L) of preservative comprising or consisting essentially of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben or benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.5 to 4.5g/L such as 3.5 or 4.5 g/L);

(fl) 0.2 to 0.6g/L (for example 0.2 to 0.5g/L or 0.3 to 0.4g/L e.g. 0.4g/L) of

acesulfame K;

(£2) 0.2 to 1.0g/L (for example 0.2 to 0.8g/L or 0.3 to 0.6g/L or 0.4 to 0.6g/L such as

0.45g/L or 0.6g/L) of sucralose; and

(g) 1 to lOg/L (for example, 1 to 5g or 1.2 to 4.3g or 1.5 to 4.0g , e.g.1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.2,

3.7 or 4.0g per litre) of flavouring (which may be orange, Lemon-Lime or tropical fruit).

concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 5.9 g/L (for example 4.5 or 5.5 g/L) of preservative comprising or

consisting essentially of, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, or a mixture of two or more of them (e.g. MEB at a concentration for example of 3.5 to 4.0g/L) and propyl paraben (at a concentration of e.g. 0..08g/L or 0.25g/L); (fl) 0.2 to 0.6g/L (for example 0.2 to 0.5g/L or 0.3 to 0.4g/L e.g. 0.4g/L) of

acesulfame K;

0.45g/L or 0.6g/L) of sucralose; and

(g) 1 to lOg/L (for example, 1 to 5g or 1.2 to 4.3g or 1.5 to 4.0g (e.g. 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.2, 3.7 or 4.0g per litre) of flavouring (which may be orange, lemon-lime or tropical fruit).

Solutions of the invention are preferably substantially free from added citrate ions. Citrate ions are provided for example by citric acid and sodium citrate. Some fruit flavourings may intrinsically contain a small amount of citric acid. Those amounts are not considered substantial in this context. Solutions of the invention are preferably substantially free from added acid. Hydrogen ions are provided for example by organic acids (for example citric acid or ascorbic acid) or inorganic acids (for example hydrochloric acid). Some fruit flavourings may intrinsically contain small amounts of organic acids. Those amounts are not considered substantial in this context. Solutions of the invention preferably have a pH of 8.0 to 11.0, preferably 8.0 to 10.5, for example 8.4 to 9.0. Measurements of pH may, for example, be carried out with a Hanna Instruments "pH ep" temperature compensating pH meter.

In another embodiment of the invention, an aqueous solution has the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(f) optional flavouring; and

(g) optional sweetener.

In all respects other than in relation to the added preservative component, the solution has the preferred features described elsewhere herein. Containers and kits comprising such solutions, methods of preparing such solutions are also provided. A preferred embodiment of an aqueous solution of the invention comprises (or consists essentially of) the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 525 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 14.028 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.864 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 7.140 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optional preservative (but where present in an amount of 3.5g/L or 4.0g/L or 5.4g/L) ;

(f> optional flavouring (but where present in an amount of 1.5g/L or 2.0g/L or 2.5 or 3.2g/L or 4.0g/L); and

(g) optional sweetener (but where present in an amount of 0.85g/L or thereabout (e.g.0.848g/L) or l .Og/L).

The invention further provides a unit treatment of a solution of the invention, the unit treatment having the volume necessary to provide 11 to 15g of PEG. An alternative unit treatment of a solution of the invention has the volume necessary to provide 5.5 to 7.5g of PEG (for use in mild cases of constipation or the paediatric population).

For example, a unit treatment may be from 10 to 50ml of the solution of the invention. For example, if a solution of the invention comprises 525 g of PEG 3350 per litre, then 25ml are required to provide the amount of PEG shown above. A unit treatment is thus preferably from 20 to 40ml, for example 25 to 30ml, especially 25 ml. Accordingly, the invention further provides a unit treatment of from 10 to 50ml of the solution of the invention. Preferably, a unit treatment is from 20 to 40ml, for example 25 to 30ml, especially 25 ml. For use in an alternative setting (for example for paediatric use or in patients with mild constipation) mentioned above, all of the quantities in a unit treatment are halved.

For example, a unit treatment may comprise 10 to 50ml of a solution in water comprising the following components at the following concentrations:

(a) 350 to 600 g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 3.0 to 5.9 g/L preservative; optional flavouring; (but where present is in an amount of from 1.0 to 10.0 g/L); and

(g) optional sweetener (but when present is in an amount of from 0.7 g to 0.9g/L).

A unit treatment may comprise 7.8 to 62.5ml, for example 10 to 50ml of a solution in water comprising the following components in the following weights:

(a) 3.50 to 30 g PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 0.08 to 1.0 g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.01 to 0.15 g potassium chloride;

(d) 0.03 to 0.55 g sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 0.03 to 0.295 g preservative;

(f) optional flavouring (but where present in an amount of from 0.0 lg to 0.5g); and

(g) sweetener in an amount of from 0.007g to 0.045g.

A preferred unit treatment comprises 10 to 50ml of a solution in water comprising the following components in the following weights:

(a) 11 to 15 g PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 0.3 to 0.4 g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.035 to 0.055 g potassium chloride;

(d) 0.15 to 0.25 g sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 0.03 to 0.12g preservative;

(f) optional flavouring; and

(g) O.OlOg to 0.030g sweetener.

A preferred unit treatment comprises 20 to 50ml of a solution in water comprising the following components in the following weights:

125 g PEG having an average molecular weight of 3350;

0.3507 g sodium chloride;

0.0466 g potassium chloride;

0.1785 g sodium bicarbonate;

0.03 to 0.12g preservative;

0.02 to 0.5g flavouring; and

O.OlOg to 0.030g sweetener. For use in an alternative setting (for example for paediatric use or in patients with mild constipation) mentioned above, all of the quantities in a unit treatment are halved. Thus, an alternative preferred unit treatment comprises 10 to 25ml of a solution in water comprising the following components in the following weights:

(a) 6. 63 g PEG having an average molecular weight of 3350;

(b) 0.01754 g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.0233 g potassium chloride;

(d) 0.0893 g sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 0.05 to 0.075g preservative;

(f) optional flavouring; and

(g) optional sweetener.

The invention also provides a container containing a solution of the invention. For example, a container may contain:

(a) x x 262.50g polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350;

(b) x x 7.014 g sodium chloride;

(c) x x 0.932g potassium chloride;

(d) x x 3.570g sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optionally x x an amount of preservative;

(f> optionally x x an amount of flavouring;

(g) optionally x x an amount of sweetener; and

(h) water to x x 500ml; where x is 0.5 to 2, for example x is 0.5 or 1.

The invention also provides a container containing:

(a) y x 13.125g polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350;

(b) y x 0.3507g sodium chloride;

(c) y x 0.0466g potassium chloride;

(d) y x 0.1785g sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optionally x an amount of preservative;

(f) optionally j x an amount of flavouring;

(g) optionally j x an amount of sweetener; and

(h) water to y x 25 ml; where y is 0.5 to 40, for example y is 0.5 or 1 or 2 or 4 or 10. Such a container may, for example, contain:

(a) 262.50g PEG 3350;

(b) 7.014 g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.932g potassium chloride;

(d) 3.570g sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optional preservative (but where present in an amount of from 1.5 to 2.95g) ;

(f) optional flavouring (but where present in an amount of from 0.5 to 5.0 g);

(g) optional sweetener (but where present in an amount of from 0.05 to 0.75g); and

(h) water to 500ml.

An alternative container may contain:

(a) 131.25g PEG 3350;

(b) 3.507g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.466g potassium chloride;

(d) 1.785g sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optional preservative (but where present in an amount of from 0.75 to 1.475g) ;

(f) optional flavouring (but where present in an amount of from 0.25 to 2.5g);

(g) optional sweetener (but where present in an amount of from 0.025 to 0.375g); and

(h) water to 250ml.

An alternative container may contain:

(a) 78.75g PEG 3350;

(b) 2.1042 g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.2796g potassium chloride;

(d) 1.07 lg sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optional preservative (but where present in an amount of from 0.45 to 0.88g);

(f) optional flavouring (but where present in an amount of from 0.15 to 1.5g);

(g) optional sweetener (but where present in an amount of from 0.015 to 0.225g); and

(h) water to 150ml.

An alternative container may contain:

(a) 52.5g PEG 3350;

(b) 1.4028g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.1864g potassium chloride;

(d) 0.714g sodium bicarbonate; (e) optional preservative (but where present in an amount of from 0.3 to 0.59g);

(f) optional flavouring (but where present in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.0g);

(g) optional sweetener (but where present in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.15g); and

(h) water to 100ml.

An alternative container may contain:

(a) 13.125g PEG 3350;

(b) 0.3507g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.0466g potassium chloride;

(d) 0.1785g sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optional preservative (but where present in an amount of from 0.075 to 0.1475g);

(f) optional flavouring (but where present in an amount of from 0.025 to 0.25g);

(g) optional sweetener (but where present in an amount of from 0.0025 to 0.0375 g); and

(h) water to 25ml.

The solutions of the present invention, optionally presented in a container comprising single or multiple treatment units, are preferably provided with instructions for use. The invention further provides a kit comprising a container containing a solution of the invention together with instructions to consume a unit amount of the invention. The instructions may also state what disorders (such as constipation or faecal impaction), the solution of the invention is indicated for. The invention further provides a kit comprising a container containing a solution of the invention together with a measuring accessory for measuring out a defined volume of the solution.

Examples of measuring accessories include measuring cups, measuring spoons, measuring tubes, and syringes. If 25ml is the unit measurement, the measuring accessory preferably enables the measurement of a 25ml unit treatment out of the bottle or container.

The measuring accessory may be adapted to attach to the container, for example it may be in the form of a cap that fits over and grips onto the closure of the container in storage and can be held separately from the container for measuring out a required volume of solution. The measuring accessory may have a measurement volume such that several measurement accessories provide the required unit treatment volume. For example, for the provision of a 25ml unit treatment volume, a measuring accessory might provide for measuring a volume of 25ml, 12.5ml (two needed), 8.333ml (three needed), 6.25ml (4 needed) or 5ml (5 needed). A suitable measuring accessory may have the required volume as its total capacity, or it may be provided with one or more gradation lines to indicate the required volume. In one embodiment, the measuring accessory is a cap that provides for the measurement of a 25ml unit volume. For use in an alternative setting (for example for paediatric use or in patients with mild constipation) mentioned above, the volumes mentioned here are all halved. For distribution and sale, a container may be provided in an outer packaging, such as a carton. Instructions may be provided on a medium, for example paper, inside the outer packaging. Instructions may be printed onto the outer packaging, or onto the container itself. A carton may contain the container, a measuring accessory and instructions. Alternatively or additionally, instructions may direct the user to a website where information such as background information on approved indications, recommended dose, composition of the solution, frequency of recommended use, and the like are displayed.

Solutions of the invention are suitable for use in the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method of treating constipation or faecal impaction comprising administering orally, without further dilution, to a subject an effective amount of the solution of the invention. The invention also provides a solution of the invention for use as a medicament; for example the medicament can be for use in the treatment of constipation or faecal impaction. A solution for use in a method of the invention has the preferred features described above in respect of the solutions of the invention.

The solution of the invention may be provided in a container having a volume that is for multiple unit treatments. The invention thus further provides a container that contains sufficient solution for any convenient number of unit treatments. For example, the container might provide 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80 or 100 unit treatments. For example, if a solution of the invention comprises 525 g of PEG 3350 per litre, and 25ml are required to provide the 13.125g of PEG in a standard dose, then a container may provide 25ml, 50ml, 100ml, 125ml, 150ml, 200ml, 250ml, 300ml, 375ml, 500ml, 625ml, 750ml, 875ml or 11 of solution. For example a container may contain one or more unit treatments of solution, each unit treatment having a volume of 20 to 50ml, for example 25ml, or each unit treatment having a volume of 7.5 to 25ml, for example 12.5ml. For example, a container (for example a bottle) of the invention provides 100ml, 150ml, 250ml or 500ml of solution of the invention.

Suitable containers include bottles, for example with a re-closable closure. A re-closable closure may be child-proof. A re-closable closure may be tamper-evident. Containers may for example be made of plastic or glass, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET). They may be circular in cross-section, for example they may be a right circular cylinder. They may be transparent, translucent or opaque; containers may be coloured, for example amber.

In another embodiment of the invention, the solution of the invention is provided as a single unit amount which may be particularly convenient when access to safe drinkable water is not readily available, for instance, when the user is travelling. This embodiment is also more readily portable and avoids the need to carry more units than are needed. The single unit amount of solution of the invention maybe disposed within a container of suitable, preferably minimal, volume such as a bottle, pouch, stickpack, sachet or can. Since this embodiment encompasses a single dose unit amount of solution of the invention, a preservative may not be needed in order to achieve an acceptable shelf-life. A plurality of single unit dose containers may be in a box, for example to provide a course of treatment. It is preferred that packaging used in the present invention, particularly those parts in direct contact with the aqueous solution of PEG, are substantially free (preferably entirely free) of aluminium.

Accordingly, therefore the present invention also provides a container such as a bottle, pouch, sachet, stickpack or can comprising a single unit amount of the following components;

(a) 13.125g PEG 3350;

(b) 0.3507g sodium chloride;

(c) 0.0466g potassium chloride;

(d) 0.1785g sodium bicarbonate;

(h) water to 25ml.

The following solutions in Table 1 (Tables la to lc) are disclosed herein. These solutions are specifically disclaimed as per se solutions in this application. Some of the solutions may find use in the methods and uses of the current invention. Solutions specifically disclosed in international patent application PCT/GB2010/001455 are specifically disclaimed from per se solution claims in this application. Some of the solutions disclosed in that application may find use in the methods and uses of the current invention. Table la: Common components of the solutions of the solutions in Tables lb and lc

In Tables lb and lc, the flavour "TF" is Tropical Fruit and the flavor "OJ" is Orange Juice. They are available from Firmenich UK Ltd (Hayes Road, Southall, Middlesex, UB2 5N ).

Table lb:

Table lc:

Examples

The following non- limiting Examples illustrate the invention. Example 1: Solutions of the invention

Solutions 1A to IN were prepared. The solutions contained the components shown Table 2, and each solution was made up with water to a total volume of 25 ml.

Table 2:

Table 2 continued:

Example 2 : Efficacy of antimicrobial preservative.

Five 20g portions of each sample were transferred to sterile glass bottles and inoculated separately with 0.2mL culture of the test species as detailed below. The test species used include the following shown in Table 3.

Table 3:

Species

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

Candida albicans

Aspergillus brasiliensis

The inoculated sample portions were mixed using sterile implements and stored at room temperature. The challenge test protocol as set forth in 5.1.3 of the European

Pharmacopoeia, version 7.2 was then followed.

Results:

Samples of formulation 1 A and IB were tested for efficacy of the preservative at time (T) T=4 weeks, T=9 weeks and T=12 weeks and passed the acceptance criteria (Table 5.1.3.3, European Pharmacopoeia, 7.2) at all measured time points. Specifically, the combined CFU count for yeast and mould was determined to be less than 10 CFU/ml at all measured time points.

Example 3: Container containing a solution of the invention

Bottle 2a: A 500ml polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle contains 500ml of a solution 1 A to IN described in Example 1 above. The bottle is provided with a re-closable closure, and a cap that fits over and grips onto the closure. The cap is suitable for measuring a 25ml unit treatment volume. The bottle is provided in a carton with instructions for use. The instructions include the instruction that 25ml of the solution should be measured out and taken neat as a treatment dose.

Bottle 2b is a 250ml polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle containing 250ml of a solution 1 A to IN described in Example 1 above.

Bottles 2c and 2d are the same as bottles 2a and 2b respectively, but with a cap that is suitable for measuring a 12.5ml unit treatment volume, and instructions that include instruction that 12.5ml of the solution should be measured out and taken neat as a treatment dose.

Pouch 2e contains 25ml of a solution 1 A to IN described in Example 1 above. Single use container 2f contains 25ml of a solution 1 A to IN described in Example 1 above.

Stickpack 2g contains 25ml of a solution 1 A to IN described in Example 1 above. Each of pouch 2e, single use container 2f and stickpack 2g is provided with instructions for use. The instructions include the instruction that 25ml of the solution should be taken neat as a treatment dose. A plurality of pouches 2e, single use containers 2f or stickpacks 2g are provided in a carton.

Claims

Claims

1. An aqueous solution for use in the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction by oral administration without further dilution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components:

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 1 1 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) 1.0 to 5.9 g/L (for example 3.0 to 5.9 g/L) of preservative;

(f) optional sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

2. A method of treating constipation and/or faecal impaction in a mammalian subject, such as a human, comprising orally administering, without further dilution, an aqueous solution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of) the following components:

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da;

(b) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(c) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(d) 3.0 to 11 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(e) optional preservative;

(f) optional sweetener; and

(g) optional flavouring.

3. The solution or method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the preservative is at a level acceptable for human consumption and efficacious in suppressing the growth of one or more (preferably all) of; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis.

4. The solution or method of claim 3 wherein the preservative is efficacious at a pH of 7.1 to 10, preferably 8 to 10, more preferably 9 to 10 e.g. pH 9.5 or thereabout. 5. The solution or method of any preceding claim wherein the preservative is present in concentration of 3.3 to 5.7g per litre of solution, for example, 3.5 to 5.5g per litre of solution e.g. 3.5g/L, 4.0g/L, 4.5g/L or 5.5g/L or thereabout.

6. The solution or method of claim 4 or 5 wherein the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sodium propyl paraben, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol and glyceryl triacetate, and blends of two or more of these.

7. The solution or method of claim 6 wherein the preservative is selected from methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzyl alcohol and phenoxyethanol, and blends of two or more of these.

8. The solution or method of claim 7 wherein the preservative is a blend of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben and benzyl alcohol.

9. The solution or method of any preceding claim wherein sodium chloride is within a range wherein the lower limit is 10, 1 1, 12 or 13g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 18, 17, 16 or 15g per litre such as 13 to 15g per litre, e.g. 14.028g per litre.

10. The solution or method of any preceding claim wherein the potassium chloride is in amount of 1.0 to 3.0g per litre, preferably in a range wherein the lower limit is 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7 or 1.8g per litre and the upper limit is, independently 2.7, 2.5, 2.3, 2.1 or 2.0g per litre, e.g. 1.8g to 1.9g per litre.

11. The solution or method of any preceding claim wherein the sodium bicarbonate is in an amount of 3.0 to 1 lg per litre, preferably within a range wherein the lower limit is 5.0, 6.0, 6.5 or 7.0g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 10, 9.0, 8.0 or 7.5g per litre; for example 6.5 to 8.0 g per litre. For example a solution of the invention may comprise approximately 7.1 g per litre, for example 7.140g per litre.

12. The solution or method of any preceding claim comprising 0.1 to 1.5 g/L of sweetener selected from the group consisting of; aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, saccharine and combinations thereof.

13. The solution or method of any preceding claim comprising a 1.0 to lO.Og/L of flavouring, for example from 1 to 5g per litre, especially from 1.2 to 4.3g per litre, such as 1.5 to 3.7g per litre, for example 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.2g, 3.7g or 4.0g per litre. 14. The solution or method of any preceding claim comprising PEG (which is preferably PEG3350 or PEG4000) in a range wherein the lower limit is 400, 450 or 500 g per litre and the upper limit is, independently, 600, 575 or 550 g per litre; for example 500 to 550 g per litre. 15. An aqueous solution for use in the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction by oral administration without further dilution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of);

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG (such as claimed in claim 14 ) having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da; and

(b) 1.0 to 5.9g, for example 3.0 to 5.9g, per litre of solution (i.e. 0.30 to 0.59w/v %), for example 3.3 to 5.7g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.33 to 0.57 w/v %) of preservative wherein the preservative (such as claimed in claim 7 or 8) is acceptable for human consumption and efficacious in the aqueous solution at alkaline pH (preferably at a pH of 7 to 10, preferably 8 to 10, more preferably 9 to 10 e.g. 9.5 or thereabout) in suppressing the growth of one or more (preferably all) of the following microorganisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis .

The solution of claim 15 further comprising or further consisting essentially of;

(c) 8.0 to 20 g/L sodium chloride;

(d) 1.0 to 3.0 g/L potassium chloride;

(e) 3.0 to 1 1 g/L sodium bicarbonate;

(f) optional sweetener, when present, at a concentration of 0.1 to 1.5g per litre such as 0.3 to 1.2g per litre, e.g. 0.5g to lg per litre.

(g) optional flavouring, when present, at a concentration 1 to lOg per litre, for example from 1 to 5g per litre, especially from 1.2 to 4.3g per litre, such as 1.5 to 3.7g per litre, for example 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.2g, 3.7g or 4.0g per litre. 17. A kit comprising:

(A) an aqueous solution, preferably substantially free of sulphate, comprising (or consisting essentially of);

(a) 350 to 600g/L PEG (or a sub-range thereof such as 500 to 550g/L) having an average molecular weight of 2500 to 4500 Da (particularly 3350); and

(b) 1.0 to 5.9g, for example 3.0 to 5.9g, per litre of solution (i.e. 0.30 to 0.59w/v %), for example 3.3 to 5.7g per litre of solution (i.e. 0.33 to 0.57 w/v %) of preservative wherein the preservative, such as those described in claim 6 to 8, is at a level acceptable for human consumption and efficacious in the aqueous solution at neutral or preferably alkaline pH (preferably at a pH of 7.1 to 10, preferably 8 to 10 (e.g. 8.2 to 8.6), more preferably 9 to 10 e.g. 9.5 or thereabout) in suppressing the growth of one or more (preferably all) of the following microorganisms:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis; and

(B) a composition in a solid form such as a capsule or tablet (e.g. film coated tablet) comprising; (c) sodium chloride in a range of 0.1 to 3.0g, preferably, 0.3g. to 1.5g, even more preferably, 0.3g to l .Og, e.g. 0.3g to 0.4g;

(d) potassium chloride in a range of 0.0 lg to O.lg, preferably, 0.3g to 0.6g, more preferably, 0.4g to 0.5g;

(e) sodium bicarbonate, in the range of O.lg to 0.3g, preferably, 0.15g to 0.2g, more preferably, 0.17g to 0.18g.

18. The kit of claim 18 wherein the aqueous solution and/or solid form further comprise a sweetener.

19. The kit of claim 19 wherein the sweetener is selected from the group consisting of; aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, saccharine, sodium cyclamate and combinations thereof. 20. The kit of any one of claims 17 to 19 wherein the aqueous solution and/or solid form further comprising a flavouring (such as lemon-lime, tropical fruit or orange).

21. The kit of claim 20 wherein the flavouring is present in the aqueous solution at a concentration of 1 to lOg per litre, for example from 1 to 5g per litre, especially from 1.2 to 4.3g per litre, such as 1.5 to 3.7g per litre, for example 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, 3.2g, 3.7g or 4.0g per litre.

22. An aqueous solution or method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16 or the kit as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 21 for use as a medicament.

23. An aqueous solution or kit as claimed in claim 22 for use in the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction.

24. An aqueous solution or kit as claimed in claim 23 for use in the treatment of constipation and/or faecal impaction by oral administration without further dilution.

25. A method of treating constipation and/or faecal impaction in a human subject comprising the steps of;

(a) administering or consuming the aqueous solution of any one of claims 1 and 3 to 16 and;

(b) optionally administering or consuming a second aqueous solution.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the second aqueous solution is administered or consumed following administration or consumption of the aqueous solution of step (a). 27. The method of claim 25 wherein a portion (e.g. approximately half) of the aqueous solution of step (a) is administered or consumed followed by the second aqueous solution of step (b) followed by administering or consuming the remaining portion of the aqueous solution of step (a).