AU2012208995A1

AU2012208995A1 - Bending Restrictor Assembly for use with a Pipeline Section

Info

Publication number: AU2012208995A1
Application number: AU2012208995A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Tor Persson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-04-10
Filing date: 2012-07-30
Publication date: 2013-10-24
Also published as: AP2012006444A0; AP3799A; CA2796536A1; WO2013155172A1

Abstract

A bending restrictor assembly (10) for use with a pipeline section (12) has a sleeve (14) affixed to the pipeline section, an outer collar (20) slidably positioned relative to and over the sleeve, and an inner collar (24) slidably positioned relative to an interior of the outer collar. The inner collar is in spaced longitudinal relation to an end of the sleeve. The inner and outer collars are slidable relative to a bending of the pipeline section. A series of holes (44, 48) and keyways (36, 38) are formed in the inner and outer collars. Pins (40, 42, 46, 50) are inserted into corresponding holes and keyways so as to correspond to a limit of the bending radius of the pipeline section. -26- 14 22 20 2026 28 16 24 18 24 30 12 22 10 24 56 28 30 12 32 40365246 60 62 50/-, 60A 34 42 54 48 62 ( 1 0 14 68 6670 74 72 8288 80 94 84 i 90 64 78 76 86 92

Description

BENDING RESTRICTOR ASSEMBLY FOR USE WITH A PIPELINE SECTION CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS Not applicable. STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT Not applicable. NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT Not applicable. INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIALS SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC Not applicable. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION I. Field of the Invention [1] The present invention generally relates to apparatus and methods of controlled bending of a pipeline beyond elastic limits during the laying of the pipeline in the sea. In particular, the present invention relates to apparatus and methods that utilize external forces to produce controlled bending of a pipeline beyond elastic limits. The present invention also relates to bending sleeves that are used to limiting the amount of bending that can occur in the pipeline during the laying of the pipeline or during the maintaining of the pipeline at the sea floor. 2. Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 37 CFR 1.98. [2] Subsea pipelines are typically fabricated one segment at a time aboard a pipeline-laying vessel. As each segment is added, the vessel moves forward and the pipeline follows a descending path to the sea floor. The suspended pipe span between the vessel stem and the sea floor is typically supported partially by a ramp attached to the vessel stern and axial tension is applied to the pipe which maintains the pipeline within elastic boundaries. 13] The steel pipelines that are laid on the bottom of the sea cannot be pre-formed or pre adapted to the contour of the sea floor. This is because of the above-identified laying and installation procedure. [4] There may be tolerated a certain degree of unevenness over which the pipeline is capable of spanning or bending, provided that the specific load does not produce excessively high stresses in the pipeline steel or cause vortex-induced vibrations. If stresses exceed allowable limits, the pipeline could be deformed permanently, either by buckling or cold bending, or both to an unacceptable configuration. Should cold bending occur through yielding of the steel in the pipeline, it could propagate uncontrollably. Requirements set by classification societies for construction and operation of offshore pipelines permit a certain degree of cold bending beyond elastic limits provided that it takes place under controlled conditions. Parameters for such controlled conditions entail that a pipeline may be cold bent to a minimum radius less than what is allowed for uncontrolled bending. [5] Pipelines that are laid on an uneven sea floor are subjected to free spanning because of the rigidity of the pipeline. Specifications used for submarine pipeline installation permits plastic deformation as long as positive measures are taken to ensure that excessive bending is prevented. By allowing plastic deformation, it is possible to reduce to a considerable degree the occurrence of free spanning. Bending beyond elastic limits may be achieved by overloading the pipeline by applying external loads. [6] Submarine pipelines having a diameter of more than twelve inches usually require a weight coating to achieve negative buoyancy. This is necessary if the pipeline is to be submerged and also maintain a stable state with respect to the sea current. Plastic deformation of a pipeline having a weight coating of concrete will cause the concrete to crack and break loose. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 171 A bending restrictor assembly for use with a pipeline section comprises first and second sleeves having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the pipeline section, an outer collar slidably positioned relative to and over the first sleeve, and an inner collar slidably positioned relative to an interior of the outer collar. The inner collar has an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the pipeline section. The inner collar is positioned spaced longitudinal relation to an end of the first sleeve. The inner and outer collars are slidable relative to each other and relative to a bending force applied to the pipeline section. [8] The outer collar can include a first outer collar that has a portion overlying a portion of the first sleeve and another portion overlying a portion of the inner collar, and a second outer collar has a portion overlying another portion of the inner collar. The second outer collar is in longitudinally spaced relation relative to the first outer collar. The inner collar includes a first inner collar that is slidably received within an interior of the portion of the first outer collar and extends outwardly therefrom. The first inner collar has an end in spaced relation to an end of the first sleeve. A second inner collar is slidably received within an interior of another portion of the second outer collar. [91 In the present invention, the first sleeve has at least one hole formed therein. The outer collar has at least one keyway overlying the hole of the sleeve. A first pin is affixed within the hole of the sleeve and has a portion extending into the keyway of the outer collar. Additionally, the outer collar can have a hole formed therethrough in spaced longitudinal relation to the keyway of the outer collar. The inner collar has a keyway formed therein. The hole of the outer collar overlies the keyway of the inner collar. A second pin is affixed within the hole of the outer collar and has a portion extending into the keyway of the inner collar. The first pin, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is threadedly received within the hole of the sleeve. Additionally, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second pin is threadedly affixed within the hole of the outer collar. In a form of the present invention, all of the pins can be affixed within the outer collars so as to received by the respective keyways of the inner collars. [101 Each of the first and second pins has a diameter. Each of the keyways has a length dimension. The diameters of the pins and the length dimension of the keyways correspond to a limit of a bending radius of the pipeline section. Additionally, a distance between the end of the first sleeve and an end of the inner collar corresponds to a limit of the bending radius of the pipeline. [111 The outer collar can comprise a plurality of outer collars arranged in spaced relation to each other. One of the plurality of outer collars is adjacent the sleeve. Another of the plurality of outer collars is away from the first sleeve. The second sleeve is slidably positioned interior of the another portion of the collar at the end of the plurality of collars away from the first sleeve. [121 The present invention is also a method of the controlled bending of a pipeline section. This method includes the steps of: (1) affixing a sleeve around an outer diameter of the pipeline section; (2) slidably positioning a portion of an outer collar around an outer diameter of the sleeve; (3) slidably positioning a portion of an inner collar within an interior of another portion of the outer collar; and (4) securing the portion of the outer collar to the sleeve and another portion of the outer collar to the inner collar so as to limit a movement of the outer collar and inner collar relative to the controlled bending of the pipeline section so as to limit a radius of bend. [131 The steps of securing includes forming a hole into the sleeve, forming a keyway through a wall of the outer collar, and affixing a pin into the hole of the sleeve such that a portion of the pin extends into the keyway of the outer collar. The step of securing can also further include forming a hole into the outer collar in a position in spaced longitudinal relation to the keyway of the outer, collar forming a keyway into a portion of the inner collar, and inserting another pin through the hole of the outer collar such that a portion of this another pin resides in the keyway of the inner collar. 1141 The method of the present invention can further include laying the pipeline section, the sleeve, the outer collar and the inner collar on or adjacent to a sea floor, and then applying an external force onto the pipeline section or onto the outer collar so as to bend the pipeline section within limits so that the pipeline section has a contour corresponding to a contour of the sea floor. The step of applying the external force can include lowering a weighted member from a sea surface to the sea floor and then contacting the pipeline section with the weighted member so as to induce the bending of the pipeline section. Alternatively, the step of applying the external force can include laying the pipeline section from a vessel adjacent an obstacle at the sea floor, and changing a direction of the vessel such that the bending of the pipeline section occurs by contact with the obstacle. [15] This foregoing section is intended to describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is understood that variations to the preferred embodiment can be made within the scope of the present invention. As such, this section should not be construed as limiting of the scope of the present invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS [16] FIGURE I is a cutaway view of the bending restrictor assembly as applied to a pipeline section in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. [17] FIGURE 2 is a plan, partially-transparent view showing the bending restrictor assembly of the present invention. [18] FIGURE 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the bending restrictor assembly as applied to a pipeline section in which the bending restrictor assembly is in a originally assembled position. [19] FIGURE 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bending restrictor assembly as applied to a pipeline section in which the bending restrictor assembly is shown in extension. 1201 FIGURE 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bending restrictor assembly of the present invention in which bending restrictor assembly is shown in compression. [21] FIGURE 5A is a partially cross-sectional view of the present invention showing an extended sleeve as epoxy secured to the pipeline section. 1221 FIGURE 6 is an illustration of an example of how the present invention serves to reduce free span. [23] FIGURE 7 is an illustration showing an early step in the installation procedure of the pipeline in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. [24] FIGURE 8 is an illustration of a further step in the installation of pipeline section in accordance present invention. [251 FIGURE 9 is a view showing the operation of the bending restrictor assembly of the present invention in association with a mud slide or walking pipeline.

1261 FIGURE 10 shows the bending restrictor assembly of the present invention as adapted to subsurface structures and as adapted to accommodate external loads. [27] FIGURE 11 is an illustration of showing the installation of the pipeline of the present invention through the use of horizontal deviations. [28] FIGURE 12 shows the use a weight as an external force to induce bending of the pipeline at a location where the bending restrictor assembly is attached. [29] FIGURE 13A - C show a method of using a weight as an external force to induce bending of a pipeline section at a location where a bending sleeve assembly is attached in different directions. 1301 FIGURE 14 shows the method of FIGURE 13 wherein wires are attached to winches mounted on a vessel. [31] FIGURE 15 shows the method of the present invention using a winch mounting on a vessel, a wire, and a pulley to exert an external force to bend the pipeline attached to the bending restrictor assembly. [32] FIGURE 16 shows a plan view of the method of the present invention using a vessel and an anchor to bend a pipeline section where the bending restrictor assembly is attached. [33] FIGURE 17 is a further step in the method shown in FIGURE 16 for the use of a vessel for the bending of the pipeline section. 1341 FIGURE 18 is a plan view of a method using a vessel to install a pipeline around an immobile object and showing, in particular, the bending restrictor assembly as attached to the pipeline. [351 FIGURE 19 is a plan view showing a further step in the method of FIGURE 18.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [361 Referring to FIGURE 1, there is shown the bending restrictor assembly 10 in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. As can be seen, the bending restrictor assembly 10 is applied to a pipeline section 12. The pipeline section 12 has a length dimension and an outer diameter. The bending restrictor 10 includes a sleeve 14 that is affixed to the outer diameter of the pipeline section 12. In particular, sleeve 14 is illustrated as affixed to a widened thickness portion 16 of the pipeline section adjacent one end of the pipeline section 12. The inclusion of the length of the pipeline section12 determined by the installation placement of the sleeve 14 at the widened thickness portion 16 of the pipeline section 12 assures that bending occurs in the area where the wall thickness of the pipeline is minimal, generally in the central area 18. [37] As can be seen in FIGURE 1, there are plurality of inner collars 24 that are arranged around the outer diameter of the pipeline section 12 and are positioned in generally spaced longitudinal relationship to each other. Each of the collars 24 will extend entirely around a diameter of the pipeline section 12. A first outer collar 22 is illustrated as extending over the outer diameter of the sleeve 14. A plurality of outer collars 20 are arranged so as to extend between the respective plurality of inner collars 24. The plurality of inner collars 24 are arranged in spaced longitudinal relationship to each other. Each of the plurality of inner collars 24 will have an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the pipeline section 12. Each of the inner collars 24 has an outer diameter that generally corresponds to the inner diameter of the outer collars 20. As such, the arrangement of outer collars 20 and inner collars 24 can be slidably linked together so as to fix the bending limits of the pipeline section 12. 1381 An outer collar 26 is located at the end of the bending restrictor assembly 10. Another sleeve 28 is slidably received within the interior of the outer collar 26. The sleeve 28 also extends over a widened thickness 30 of the pipeline section 12. Sleeves 14 and 20 are utilized so as to restrict the bending from affecting the structurally strong connector areas located at the opposite ends of the pipeline section 12. As such, the bending restrictor assembly 10 of the present invention assures the integrity of the pipeline section upon which it is placed. 1391 FIGURE 2 shows a circumferential segment of the bending restrictor assembly 10. As can be seen, the sleeve 14 is affixed to the pipeline section 12. A pair of slots 32 and 34 are provided on the sleeve 14 so as to facilitate the ability to weld the sleeve 14 to the pipeline section 12. The first outer collar 22 is illustrated as extending over the outer diameter of the sleeve 14. The outer collar 22 is illustrated as having a pair of keyways 36 and 38 formed through the wall thereof. A pin 40 will extend into the keyway 36. Another pin 42 will extend into the keyway 38. The diameter of the pins 40 and 42, along with the length of the keyways 36 and 38, are components which determine the limit of bend of the pipeline section 12. Another sleeve 28 is formed at the opposite end of the bending restrictor assembly 10. 140] The first outer collar 22 also includes a hole 44 formed through the wall thereof. A pin 46 is threadedly affixed within the hole 44. Another hole 48 is also formed through the wall of the first collar 22. A pin 50 is threadedly received by the hole 48. Pins 46 and 48 will extend radially inwardly of the outer collar 22 so as to be received by keyways 52 and 54 (illustrated in broken line fashion) on the inner collar 24. 1411 In FIGURE 2, it can be seen that the inner collar 24 extends through the space between one end of the collar 22 and the second collar 56. Second collar 56 has a configuration similar to that of the first collar 22. The second outer collar 56 includes suitable keyways and holes so as to facilitate the connection with the inner collar 24. It should be noted that, within the concept of the present invention, all of the pins could be placed into the outer collar so as to extend into keyways in the sleeves and the inner collars. This could facilitate the ability to assemble the bending restrictor assembly. [42] FIGURE 2 shows a limited arrangement of the outer collars 20 and the inner collars 24. Ultimately, the sleeve 28 is illustrated as extending over the pipeline section 12 at the end of the arrangement of outer collar 20. The sleeve 28 will include keyway 60 which serves to receive pins 62 affixed within the holes of the outer collar 56. 1431 FIGURE 3 illustrates the arrangement of the outer collars and inner collars at the point of installation upon the pipeline section 12. In FIGURE 3, it can be seen that the sleeve 14 is welded to the outer diameter of the pipeline section 12. The sleeve 14 includes a hole 64 formed at a location away from the welded connection. The hole 64 is suitably threaded so as to receive a pin 66 therein. Pin 66 has a portion extending into the keyway 68 of the outer collar 70. Because of the use of the keyway 68, the outer collar 64 will be in slidable relationship with the sleeve 14. The pin 66 serves to limit the amount of sliding motion that can occur. [441 The outer collar 70 has a threaded hole 72 that receives a pin 74 therein. Pin 74 will extend downwardly so as to be received within a keyway 76 associated with an inner collar 78. The arrangement of holes and keyways facilitates the ability to install the bending restrictor assembly 10 of the present invention. In other words, it is only necessary to align the respective keyways with the respective holes. The pins can then be inserted through the keyway so as to threadedly engage the hole or threadedly inserted into the threaded hole so as to ultimately have a portion extending into the keyway. Other techniques, such as welding or pressing can also be used so as to cause the pins to be fixed within their respective holes. [45] In FIGURE 3, there is a second outer collar 80 also having a keyway 82 and a hole 84 formed therein. The inner collar 78 includes a hole 86 that serves to receive pin 88 therein.

Similarly, a second inner collar 90 (or sleeve) will have a keyway 92 formed therein. Pin 94 is threadedly affixed within hole 84 so as to extend into the keyway 92. [46] In FIGURE 3, since each of the respective pins 66, 74, 88 and 94 reside centrally of the keyways, the pipeline section 12 is in a straight configuration. The spacing of the keyways and holes, along with the spacing of the inner and outer collars, assures that the bending radius of the pipeline section 12 is properly controlled. [47] FIGURE 4 shows the bending restrictor assembly 10 of the present invention as used in extension. In FIGURE 4, the pin 66 has moved so as to abut a side of the keyway 68. The edge 81 of the sleeve 14 is spaced from the edge 83 of the inner collar 78. Also, the pin 74 abuts a wall of the keyway 76. The edge 85 of the outer collar 70 is spaced further from the edge 87 of the outer collar 80. Similarly, the pin 88 abuts an end of the keyway 82. Additionally, and furthermore, the pin 94 is moved so as to abut an end of the keyway 92 of the inner collar 90. 1481 FIGURE 5 shows the bending restrictor assembly 10 in compression. In this arrangement, the pin 66 abuts another side of the keyway 68. Pin 74 abuts another end of the keyway 76. Pin 88 abuts another end of the keyway 82. Pin 94 will also abut another end of the keyway 92. So as to further restrict bending movement in compression, the end edges 81 and 83 of the sleeve 14 and the inner collar 78 abut one another. Similarly, the end edges 85 and 87 of the outer collars 70 and 80 will abut each other. [49] FIGURE 5A shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention in which an extended sleeve 14a is affixed with epoxy (or other adhesive) to the outer surface of pipeline section 12a. The outer collars 70a and the inner collars 71 have a configuration similar to that of the previous embodiment. Another extended sleeve 14c extends from the end of the arrangements of outer collars 70a and the inner collars 71 opposite to the sleeve 14a. The pipeline section 12a has a generally constant wall thickness along its length. The pipeline section 12a lacks the area of greater wall thickness of the previous embodiment. The sleeve 14a is not welded to the outer surface of the pipeline section 12a. [501 The sections with increased bending resistance at side of the pipeline joint are installed to ensure that the bending takes place at the intended location. The connection of the pipeline extensions to the bending restrictor sleeve, after the pipeline splice has been completed can be by welding or through the use of a quick connect coupling. The bending resistor sleeve is connected to the pipeline with high capacity epoxy. The epoxy connection between the bending restrictor sleeve and the pipeline is designed to accommodate the installation tension and the locating of the bending sleeve onto the pipeline. [511 FIGURE 6 shows how the present invention serves as one example of a way to reduce free span occurring in the pipeline. In particular, a high spot on the seabed 80 is creating excess free spanning of the pipeline. Pipeline 82a has the bending restrictor assembly affixed thereto. Pipeline 82a is illustrated without the bending restrictor assembly. The section 86a illustrates the free span length with the moment relieved through cold bending beyond elastic limits at 80a. Distance 88a shows the free span without relieving moment. The relieving of moment at the high spot 80a serves to reduce the free span length to 86a. As such, it can be seen that the pipeline 84a with the bending restrictor assembly of the present invention achieves a more natural angle with respect extending from the support 80a to the outer supports 90a and 92a. Additionally, this arrangement will reduce the amount of pipeline that is required so as to accommodate the free span. [52] FIGURE 7 shows the installation of the pipeline 100 in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Pipeline 100 has bending restrictor assemblies 102 and 104 affixed thereto.

The pipeline 100 is placed upon the sea floor 106 in a conventional manor. The pipeline 100 will hang at a desirable angle from the ramp of a pipe-laying vessel. Another vessel 108 can be utilized so as to extend a weighted member 110 downwardly from a line 112. This weighted member 110 can be placed upon the pipeline 100 in the area of the bending restrictor assemblies 102 and 104. As such, the pipeline 100 can be bent at a desired angle toward the sea floor 106. Another weighted member 107 can be used separately from the weighted member 110. This weighted member 107 can also be lowered from vessel 108. The weighted member acts as a counterweight to facilitate the bending of the pipeline at the intended location. [531 FIGURE 8 shows a further step in the process of the laying of the pipeline 100 at the sea floor 106. The weighted member 110 has been lowered to its lowermost position at the end of the line 112. A suitable winch on the vessel 108 it is utilized so as to lower the weighted member 110. The bending restrictor assemblies 102 and 104 will allow the pipeline 100 to be bent at a suitable contour corresponding to the contour 114 of the sea floor 106. The bending restrictor assemblies 102 and 104 allow the pipeline 100 to be easily bent without exceeding the plastic deformation limits of the pipeline. The weighted members 107 and 110 are properly placed to ensure that bending takes place within the central area of the pipeline section. As such, the present invention facilitates the ability to conform the pipeline 100 to the contours 114 of the sea floor 106 without buckling and reduce free spans. The weighted members 107 and 110 will then stay in place over the pipeline 100 once the pipeline is at the sea floor. This serves to limit hysteresis. [54] FIGURE 9 shows the utilization of the bending restrictor assemblies of the present invention in areas in which a mudslide 120 occurs. As can be seen, the pipeline 122 has been laid upon the sea floor 124. The area of the mudslide 120 is defined by sides 126 and 128. A restraint 130 is placed into the sea floor 128. A suitable cable or other line 132 can extend from the restraint 130 so as to connect with the bending restrictor assembly 134. Another restraint 136 is secured by cable 138 to another bending restrictor assembly 140. Bending restrictor assemblies 134 and 140 are located along the length of the pipeline 122 to make it bend at the desired locations. 1551 In FIGURE 9, when a mudslide 120 or walking pipeline should occur, then the pipeline 122 can bend because of the ability of the bending restrictor assembly 134 and 140 to accommodate such a bend. The restraints 130 and 136 will limit the amount of travel of the pipeline 122. When the ultimate limits of the bending of the pipeline 122 occur, then the bending restrictor assemblies 134 and 140 will prevent further bending movement of the pipeline 122. As such, buckling and damage to the pipeline 122 is effectively prevented and free spans are reduced. [561 FIGURE 10 shows the use of external weights 180 that are used to exert an external force onto the bending restrictor assembly (not shown) attached to the pipeline 182. The permanent weight 180 exerts an external force to the bending restrictor assembly so as to induce the bending of the pipeline. The weights 180 are placed on top of and around the pipeline 182 at a section of the pipeline 182 when the bending restrictor assembly (not shown) is attached. The bending restrictor assembly was designed so as to be sufficiently strong to accept permanent external forces exerted by the weights 180. The weights 180 can be made of natural material, such as large rocks, or of manufactured components (man-made material). The weights 180 are permanently placed at specific locations to bend the pipeline 182 to an acceptable bending radius to conform to the seabed 184. This approach also provides physical protection for the pipeline 182 from external forces, such as ice, wave actions and sea currents. This embodiment, as shown in FIGURE 10, is particularly useful at locations where pipelines are laid on the sea floor where rock formations are present.

[57] FIGURE 11 shows another technique for bending the pipeline 200 through the use of structures located at the sea floor. In particular, obstacles 202 and 204 are positioned on the sea floor 206. The bending restrictor assembly 208 is located adjacent to the obstacle 202. The bending restrictor assembly 210 is located adjacent to the obstacle 204. A host or manifold 210 is connected to an end of the pipeline 200. The opposite end 212 of the pipeline 200 will be connected to a vessel. The vessel can suitably travel so as to deliver the pipeline 200, along with the bending restrictor assemblies 208 and 210, in the proximity of the obstacles 202 and 204. As such, the pipeline 200 can achieve the desired bend by contact with these obstacles 202 and 204. The bending restrictor assemblies 208 and 210 will assure that the pipeline 200 is not bent beyond acceptable plastic deformation limits. [581 FIGURE 12 shows a method of using a weight 300 as an external force to induce bending of a pipeline 305 where a bending sleeve assembly 310 is attached to the pipeline 305 in one embodiment of the present invention. The pipeline 305 is free spanning over the sea floor 315. The weight 300 is placed on top of the bending sleeve assembly 310. The weight 300 is suspended from one or more elongate flexible members such as a wire 320, where one end of the elongate flexible member 320 is attached to the weight 300. Different elongate flexible members, in addition to wires can be used to serve the same purpose. For example, a cable, belt, chain, rope, strap or the like can be used instead of a wire. The weight 300 is positioned on top of the pipeline 305 where the bending sleeve assembly 310 is attached. The weight 300 provides an external force on the bending sleeve assembly 310 and pipeline 305, permanently bending the pipeline 305 to a curvature predefined by the bending sleeve assembly 310. The bending sleeve assembly 310 is designed to absorb the point load forces from the weight 300 and restrict the increase in diameter or flattening as a result of the bending of the pipeline 305.

[59] FIGURES 13A-C show a method of using a weight 400 as an external force to induce bending of a pipeline 405 where a bending sleeve assembly is attached (not shown in detail) in different directions in one embodiment of the present invention. The pipeline 405 is free spanning over the sea floor 410. The elongated-shaped weight 400 is held by two (or more) elongate flexible members such as wires 415 attached to opposite ends of the weight 400. Different elongate flexible members, other than wires, can be used to serve the same purpose. For example, cables, belts, chains, ropes, straps or the like can be used instead of wires. The angle of the external force exerted by the weight 400 can be altered by adjusting the length of the wires 415. [601 The weight 400 can exert an external force on the pipeline 405 in different directions, depending on the bending requirement. FIGURE 13A shows the weight 400 exerting an external force in a vertical direction on the bending sleeve assembly attached to the pipeline 405. FIGURES. 13B and 13C show one end of the weight 400 resting on the sea floor 410 with the weight 405 exerting an external force in a diagonal direction on the bending sleeve assembly attached to the pipeline 405. [611 FIGURE 14 shows the method in FIGURE 13A-C where the wires 415 are attached to winches 505 mounted on a vessel 500 in one embodiment of the invention. The winches 505 are operated to control the angle of the external force exerted by the weight 400 on the bending sleeve assembly attached to the pipeline 405 by adjusting the lengths of the wires 415. Remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) with video cameras and other subsea surveying equipment commonly known in the industry may be used to guide the position of the weight 400 at the desired location. [62] FIGURE 15 shows a method of using a winch 600 mounted on a vessel 605, a wire 610, and a pulley 615 to exert an external force to bend a pipeline 620 attached to a bending sleeve assembly (not shown) in one embodiment of the present invention. One end of the wire 610 is attached to the winch 600 mounted on the vessel 605 positioned above the bending sleeve assembly. The wire 610 runs from the winch 600 through the pulley 615 secured to the sea floor 625 below the bending sleeve assembly. The other end of the wire 610 is attached to the pipeline 620 where the bending sleeve assembly (not shown) is attached. A different elongate flexible member, other than a wire, can be used to serve the same purpose. For example, a cable belt, chain, rope, strap or the like can be used instead of a wire. When the winch 600 is activated to pull the wire 610, the pulley 615 directs the wire 610 to exert an external force on the pipeline 620, bending the pipeline 620 towards the pulley 615. 1631 FIGURES 16 and 17 show a plan view of a method using a vessel 800 and an anchor 805 to bend a pipeline 810 at a section where a bending sleeve assembly 815 is attached to the pipeline 810 in one embodiment of the present invention. The vessel 800 installs the pipeline 810 on the sea floor. The bending sleeve assembly 815 attached to the pipeline 810 is positioned on the pipeline 810 at a section where bending is desired. One end of a wire 820 is attached to the pipeline 810 where the bending sleeve assembly 815 is attached. The other end of the wire 820 is attached to an anchor 805 resting on the sea floor. Alternatively, the other end of the wire 820 can be attached to an immobile object, a vessel, or the sea floor itself. A different elongate flexible member, other than a wire, can be used to serve the same purpose. For example, a cable belt, chain, rope, strap or the like can be used instead of a wire. The vessel 800, holding one end of the pipeline 810, turns in a direction deviating horizontally away from the anchor 805. As a result, the anchor 805 exerts an external force on the bending sleeve assembly 815 attached to the pipeline 810, bending the pipeline 810 in the direction of the vessel 800. FIGURE 16 shows the pipeline 810 before controlled bending. FIG. 8B shows the pipeline 810 after controlled bending. [64] FIGURES 18 and 19 show a plan view of a method using a vessel 900 to install a pipeline 905 around an immobile object 910 where a bending sleeve assembly 915 is attached to the pipeline 905 in one embodiment of the present invention. The vessel 900 lays down the pipeline 905 around the immobile object 910. The bending sleeve assembly 915 attached to the pipeline 905 is positioned next to the immobile object 910. The vessel 900, holding one end of the pipeline 905, turns in a direction deviating horizontally around the immobile object 910. As a result, the bending sleeve assembly 915 makes contact with the immobile object 910 and the reaction from the immobile object 910 exerts an external force on the bending sleeve assembly 915 attached to the pipeline 905, bending the pipeline 905 around the immobile object 910. FIGURE 18 shows the pipeline 905 before controlled bending. FIGURE 19 shows the pipeline 905 after controlled bending. [65] The present invention offers a number of advantages in the laying of pipeline. The pipeline length can be reduced by selecting a direct route. This can result in cost savings. Cold bending is achieved during pipeline installation operations. This allows the required additional length of the pipeline to be created to follow an undulating seabed contour. The bending restrictor sleeve is installed on the pipe sections before being added to the pipeline and made part of the final installation. The weight coating is not required in those areas where cold bending takes place. As such, it will leave an outer diameter similar to the diameter of weight-coated section. The present invention further alleviates seabed preparation and post installation corrections. [66] The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details of the illustrated constructions, or in the steps of the described methods, can be made within the scope of the present intention without departing from the true spirit of the invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents.

Claims

1. A bending restrictor assembly for use with a pipeline section, the bending restrictor assembly comprising: a sleeve having an inner diameter greater than an outer diameter of the pipeline section; an outer collar slidably positioned relative to and over said sleeve; and an inner collar slidably positioned relative to an interior of said outer collar, said inner collar having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the pipeline section, said inner collar positioned in spaced longitudinal relation to an end of the sleeve, said inner and outer collars being slidable relative to a bending of the pipeline section.

2. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 1, said outer collar comprising: a first outer collar having a portion overlying a portion of the sleeve and another portion overlying a portion of said inner collar; and a second outer collar having a portion overlying another portion of said inner collar, said second outer collar being in longitudinally spaced relation to said first outer collar.

3. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 2, said inner collar comprising: a first inner collar slidably received within an interior of said portion of said first outer collar and extending outwardly therefrom, said first inner collar having an end in spaced relation to an end of said sleeve; and a second inner collar slidably received within an interior of another portion of said second outer collar.

4. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 1, said sleeve having a hole formed therein, said outer collar having a keyway overlying said hole of said sleeve, the bending restrictor assembly further comprising: a first pin affixed within said hole of said sleeve and having a portion extending into said keyway of said outer collar.

5. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 4, said outer collar having a hole formed therethrough in spaced longitudinal relation to said keyway of said outer collar, said inner collar having a keyway formed therein, said hole of said outer collar overlying said keyway of said inner collar, the bending restrictor assembly further comprising: a second pin affixed within said hole of said outer collar and having a portion extending into said keyway of said inner collar.

6. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 5, said first pin being threadedly received within said hole of said sleeve, said second pin being threadedly received within said hole of said outer collar.

7. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 5, each of said first and second pins having a diameter, each of said keyways having a length dimension, the diameters of said pins and the and the length dimension of the keyways corresponding to a limit of a bending radius of the pipeline section.

8. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 7, a distance between the end of the sleeve and an end of said inner collar corresponding to a limit of the bending radius of the pipeline. -21-

9. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 1, said outer collar comprising a plurality of outer collars arranged in spaced relation to each other, one of said plurality of outer collars being adjacent said sleeve, another of said plurality of outer collars being away from said sleeve, the bending restrictor assembly further comprising: another sleeve slidably positioned interior of said another of said plurality of collars.

10. A bending restrictor assembly comprising: a pipeline section having an outer diameter and a length dimension; a sleeve affixed to said pipeline section, said sleeve having an inner diameter greater than said outer diameter of said pipeline section; an outer collar slidably positioned relative to and over said sleeve; and an inner collar slidably positioned relative to an interior of said outer collar, said inner collar positioned over and around said pipeline section, said inner collar having a inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the pipeline section, said inner collar positioned in spaced longitudinal relation to an end of the sleeve, said inner and outer collars being slidable relative to a bending of the pipeline section.

11. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 10, said outer collar comprising: a first outer collar having a portion overlying a portion of the sleeve and overlying a portion of said inner collar; and a second outer collar having a overlying another portion of said inner collar, said second outer collar being in longitudinally spaced relation to said first outer collar. -22-

13. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 10, said sleeve having a hole formed therein, said outer collar having a keyway overlying said hole of said sleeve, the bending restrictor assembly further comprising: a first pin affixed within said hole of said sleeve and having a portion extending into said keyway of said outer collar.

14. The bending restrictor assembly of Claim 13, said outer collar having a hole formed therethrough in spaced longitudinal relation to said keyway of said outer collar, said inner collar having a keyway formed therein, said hole of said outer collar overlying said keyway of said inner collar, the bending restrictor assembly further comprising: a second pin affixed within said hole of said outer collar and having a portion extending into said keyway of said inner collar.

15. A method of controlled bending of a pipeline section comprising: affixing a sleeve around an outer diameter of the pipeline section; slidably positioning a portion of an outer collar around an outer diameter of said sleeve; slidably positioning of a portion of an inner collar within an interior of another portion of said outer collar; and securing said portion of said outer collar to said sleeve and said another portion of said outer collar to said inner collar so as to limit a movement of said outer collar and inner collar relative to the control bending of the pipeline section so as to limit a radius of bends. -23-

16. The method of Claim 16, the steps of securing comprising: forming a hole into said sleeve; forming a keyway to a wall of said outer collar; and affixing a pin into said hole of said sleeve such that a portion of said pin extends into said keyway of said outer collar.

17. The method of Claim 16, further comprising: forming a hole into said outer collar in a position in spaced longitudinal relation to said keyway of said outer collar; forming a keyway into a portion of said inner collar; and inserting another pin through said hole of said outer collar such that a portion of said another pin resides in said keyway of said inner collar.

18. The method of Claim 15, further comprising: laying said pipeline section and said sleeve and said outer collar and said inner collar on or adjacent to a sea floor; and applying an external force onto the pipeline section or onto said collar so as to bend the pipeline section within limits so as to that the pipeline section has a contour corresponding to a contour of the sea floor.

19. The method of Claim 18, the step of applying the external force comprising: lowering a weighted member from a sea surface to the sea floor; and contacting the pipeline section with said weighted member so as to induce the bending of the pipeline section. -24-

20. The method of Claim 18, the step of applying the external force comprising: laying the pipeline section from a vessel to an area adjacent an obstacle at the sea floor; and changing a direction of the vessel such that the bending of the pipeline section occurs by contact with the obstacle. -25-