AU2011274240A1 - Novel heat exchange processes - Google Patents
Novel heat exchange processes Download PDFInfo
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- AU2011274240A1 AU2011274240A1 AU2011274240A AU2011274240A AU2011274240A1 AU 2011274240 A1 AU2011274240 A1 AU 2011274240A1 AU 2011274240 A AU2011274240 A AU 2011274240A AU 2011274240 A AU2011274240 A AU 2011274240A AU 2011274240 A1 AU2011274240 A1 AU 2011274240A1
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- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- process according
- oxygen gas
- gas
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical class [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940026085 carbon dioxide / oxygen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/22—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
- F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0017—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/12—Oxygen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/66—Landfill or fermentation off-gas, e.g. "Bio-gas"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/70—Flue or combustion exhaust gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
- F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/20—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/02—Integration in an installation for exchanging heat, e.g. for waste heat recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/50—Integration in an installation using oxygen, e.g. in the burner of a glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based process [OBP] in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
Abstract
A process includes providing oxygen gas at an elevated pressure and extracting work from the oxygen gas by stepwise expanding the oxygen gas with a corresponding reduction of its temperature to substantially below 0°C. Between each expansion the oxygen is reheated substantially without altering the pressure of the oxygen gas, by heat recovered from warm or hot saline water, whereby the water is converted to an ice slurry from which desalinated water is recoverable.
Description
WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 1 Novel heat exchange processes Field of the invention This invention relates generally to novel heat exchange processes in which an expanded gas is reheated by exchange with another process stream. In one aspect, the 5 expanded gas is oxygen, and the heat exchange step is employed in a stepwise process for extracting work from the gas, which is initially at elevated pressure. In another aspect, a process is disclosed for extracting work from carbon dioxide. In a still further aspect, the process stream cooled in the heat exchange is warm or hot saline water and the invention provides a mechanism for recovering desalinated and 10 preferably potable water therefrom. By "elevated pressure" herein is meant a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. By "heat exchange" herein is meant any arrangement for passing heat between process streams, whether they are in close proximity in respective passageways of a heat exchanger or remote from each other with the heat transferred indirectly via 15 intermediate media and/or processes. Background of the invention It has been proposed to combust carbonaceous, typically fossil, fuels in a controlled atmosphere continuously supplied with fresh oxygen rather than with air. This has the advantage that the absence of nitrogen substantially eliminates problematic NOx 20 emissions in the off-gases, which thereby primarily comprise carbon dioxide, water vapour, excess oxygen and contaminants derived from the fuel. Compression and cooling of the off-gases allows recovery of the water, while contaminants (sulphur compounds would be typical) can be removed by well-known processes. Raising the pressure of the residual gas mixture above the critical point for carbon dioxide liquefies 25 the latter, allowing it to be separated from the oxygen. The carbon dioxide is then in a form suitable for geosequestration or as a feed to a bioreaction process in which the carbon dioxide is consumed by suitable photosynthetic organisms such as certain green algae that can produce high protein animal food, fertiliser and/or biodiesel.
WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 2 The critical pressure for liquefaction of the carbon dioxide in the dewatered off-gases is about 90 bar. After separation of the liquefied carbon dioxide, the residual off-gas product is a- highly compressed (90+ bar) oxygen. In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to the optimal utilisation and 5 processing of oxygen that is at an elevated pressure. British patent 669759 discloses an arrangement in which producer gas from a gas producer is treated in a cooler/precipitator/purifier and bumt in a combustion chamber. The off-gases are cooled and directed in succession to a pair of turbines to produce power, with reheating between the turbines in a heat exchanger. It is stated that the 10 temperature of the gases passing through the turbines may for example be from 400 0 C to 1,000 0 C. US patents 3,724,229 and 3,892,103 disclose a desalination system in which saline water is cooled to form an ice slurry that concentrates the non-saline water and is then separated to provide potable water. In US 3,724,229, the heat extracted from the saline 15 water is used to heat LNG, which is then expanded in a turbine to produce power. The saline water is pre-cooled in a heat exchanger and further cooled by heat exchange with the LNG in a further heat exchanger. From here the cooled saline water passes to a spray-type vaporiser, causing the formation of small crystals of ice. This ice is in tum separated from the brine in a washer and extracted as water in a condenser. 20 Reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that this prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other jurisdiction or that this prior art could reasonably be expected to be ascertained, understood and regarded as relevant by a person skilled in the art. 25 Summary of the invention In its first aspect, the invention provides a process for utilising oxygen gas at elevated pressure, comprising extracting work from the oxygen gas by stepwise expanding the gas with a corresponding reduction in its temperature to a temperature substantially WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 3 below 0"C, and between each expansion reheating the gas substantially without altering its pressure. Because the expanded gas is at a temperature substantially below 0*C, it is possible according to the invention to utilise the latent heat of freezing of water, more specifically saline water, for the interstage reheating. 5 In another aspect, the invention adapts the first aspect to optimally utilise and process oxygen derived from bioreaction processes and usually therefore from a carbon dioxide feed. In its first aspect, the invention therefore extends to a process comprising: providing oxygen gas at an elevated pressure; 10 extracting work from the oxygen gas by stepwise expanding the oxygen gas with a corresponding reduction of its temperature to substantially below 0*C, reheating the oxygen between each expansion substantially without altering the pressure of the oxygen gas, by heat recovered from warm or hot saline water, whereby the water is converted to an ice slurry from which desalinated water is recoverable; and 15 optionally, recovering the oxygen resulting from the last expansion. In an embodiment, said oxygen gas is provided by separation from combustion off gases that also include carbon dioxide. The abovementioned recovered oxygen may be recycled as a fuel to a combustion process from which the off-gases are generated. Advantageously, the oxygen gas is recovered from a combustion process in which 20 carbonaceous fuel is combusted in an atmosphere fed with substantially pure oxygen rather than with air whereby the off-gases are primarily carbon dioxide, water vapour, excess oxygen and non-nitrogenous contaminants derived from the fuel. Particularly advantageously, the oxygen recovered from the process according to the first aspect of the invention is recycled to this combustion process.
WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 4 In another embodiment, the oxygen is provided from a bioreactor vessel in which the oxygen is produced by carbon-fixing organisims therein. In a second aspect, the invention provides a method of recovering energy from carbon dioxide, comprising: 5 delivering the carbon dioxide to carbon fixing organisms in a bioreactor vessel to sustain the organisms therein, wherein the organisms therein are of a kind that thrive in a medium at a pressure substantially greater than atmospheric pressure, and the bioreactor vessel is a closed chamber operable at a pressure substantially greater than atmospheric pressure; 10 recovering, from the bioreactor vessel, oxygen gas produced by said organisms, which oxygen gas is at an elevated pressure; extracting work from the oxygen gas by stepwise expanding the oxygen gas with a corresponding reduction of its temperature to substantially below 0"C, and between each said stepwise expansion reheating the oxygen gas, substantially 15 without altering the pressure of the oxygen gas by heat recovered from warm or hot saline water, whereby the water is converted to an ice slurry from which desalinated water is recoverable. The carbon dioxide may be derived from the combustion of a carbonaceous, typically fossil, fuel. Alternatively, the carbon dioxide may be derived from any of a variety of 20 processes that output carbon dioxide, e.g. heating of calcium carbonate whether in limestone form or otherwise, or a sewerage treatment plant, or a cement production plant. Oxygen may be recovered from the last expansion and recycled to a combustion process from which the carbon dioxide is generated. 25 In both aspects of the invention, the elevated pressure of the oxygen gas is preferably 90 bar or greater. The temperature of the provided oxygen gas in the first aspect of the WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 5 invention, or of the oxygen gas recovered from the bioreactor vessel in the second aspect, is preferably 5*C or less, more preferably O'C or less. In both aspects of the invention, the step of extracting work from the oxygen gas is carried out advantageously by effecting each of the stepwise expansions in a gas 5 turbine device of a gas expansion type, and still more advantageously by employing the gas turbine devices to drive electricity generation plant. The saline water may be at a temperature in the range 300 to 60*C: a particularly suitable temperature would be in the region of 40 0 C. Sources of such water include subterranean or artesian reservoirs generally. A convenient source may be a 10 subterranean source currently removed for specific purposes, for example the subterranean water recovered from below coal reserves being mined by open cut methods in order to prevent upward movement of the coal body. The invention in either of its aspects may further include recovering desalinated water from the ice slurry. The residual higher salinity water may be delivered to a. bioreactor 15 that produces oxygen at elevated pressure for the process of the invention. This bioreactor may also consume carbon dioxide in a process according to the second aspect of the invention. In an embodiment, the oxygen recovered from the last expansion is also subjected to said reheating. 20 Alternatively, the oxygen recovered from the last expansion is liquid oxygen. As used herein, except where the context requires otherwise, the term "comprise" and variations of the term, such as "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised", are not intended to exclude further additives, components, integers or steps. Brief description of the drawing 25 The invention will now be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic diagram, designated Figure 1, of a combined power WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 6 generation -and desalination plant incorporating the first and second aspect of the invention. Detailed description of the embodiments The illustrated combined power generation and desalination plant 10 includes a train 20 5 of gas expansion turbines 21, 22, 23, 24 that jointly drive conventional electricity . generation plant indicated generally at 30. There are two feed streams to plant 10: a substantially pure oxygen gas stream 12 at elevated pressure, for example 100 bar or higher, and a stream of warm medium salinity water 14. Oxygen gas stream 12 would typically be at a temperature below ambient and perhaps well below 0*C but for the 10 purposes of the present example is an oxygen stream at about 2 0 C that has either been separated from a carbon dioxide/oxygen mixture in gas separation plant 100 or is an output oxygen stream from a bioreactor 200 operating at elevated pressures, e.g. a bioreactor employing algae grown in conditions equivalent to those found in deep polar waters. In the former case, the carbon dioxide would typically have been separated by 15 increasing the pressure of the gas mixture above the critical point for liquefaction of the carbon dioxide, thereby allowing it to be separated as liquid carbon dioxide. The medium salinity water 14 may typically be at a temperature in the region of 40 0 C and for the purposes of this example is assumed to be from a subterranean source as earlier discussed. 20 Oxygen stream 12 passes in series through turbines 21-24, being stepwise expanded as it successively passes through the turbines to thereby drive the generator. The pressure reduction at each step is about 25 bar and this results in a significant reduction in the temperature of the gas, for example of the order of 230 0 C, to substantially below O'C. After each expansion, the gas is reheated in a respective heat exchanger 41-44 by 25 heat exchange with a low grade heat source, in this case the warm medium salinity water 14, which is fed in parallel to the four heat exchangers, and also to a fifth heat exchanger 45 employed to pre-heat the oxygen gas feed stream 12. In an exemplary operating mode, the feed oxygen stream 12 is at 2 0 C, the pressurised gas streams fed by conduits 51-54 to the turbines are at 30 0 C, the expanded oxygen WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 7 streams delivered by conduits 61-64 to the succeeding heat exchangers are at -200 0 C, and the final recovered oxygen gas stream 13 is at 30*C and approximately atmospheric pressure (1 bar). One end use for the oxygen gas stream 13, especially where stream 12 is derived from 5 combustion off-gases from which carbon dioxide and water vapour have been separated, is to recycle the recovered oxygen as the combustion gas for the combustion system producing those off-gases. In an alternative end use, there is no final heat exchanger 44 and the final expansion stage is a liquid turbine that is allowed to lower the temperature of the oxygen to the boiling point of oxygen so that the recovered 10 oxygen is liquid oxygen. Turning to the saline water side of the heat exchangers 41-44, the flow rate and flow volume of the saline water delivered via conduits 84-81 are managed so that th!e cooled streams recovered in parallel via conduits 71-74 are at about -1 .8 0 C and consist of an ice slurry, i.e. a mixture of non-saline ice particles and liquid water having a higher 15 salinity than the stream 14. These components are separated in an ice decanter 75 to produce a substantially non-saline and indeed potable ice slurry stream 76 and a higher salinity liquid water stream 77 at -1.8"C. The latter may serve as a feed to a bioreactor, e.g. bioreactor 200, utilising salt consuming or salt tolerant organisms or'algae (which may in turn generate high pressure oxygen stream 12). 20 As earlier discussed, the reheating of the expanded gas in heat exchangers 41-44 can be achieved with low grade heat sources generally, but the illustrated configuration makes use in particular of warm medium salinity water. In the heat exchangers 41-44, the heat employed to reheat the oxygen then includes the latent heat of freezing of the water as it produces the ice slurry. 25 In the case of pre-heat exchanger 45, because the temperature transition of the oxygen stream is less than in the reheating heat exchangers 41-44, the cooled saline water delivered via conduit 85 and recovered from heat exchanger 45 via conduit 78 will typically not be the ice slurry recovered from the other heat exchangers. This stream will not therefore be fed to the ice decanter and will be put to other purposes.
Claims (20)
1. A process comprising: providing oxygen gas at an elevated pressure; extracting work from the oxygen gas by stepwise expanding the oxygen gas with 5 a corresponding reduction of its temperature to substantially below 0"C, and reheating the oxygen between each expansion substantially without altering the pressure of the oxygen gas, by heat recovered from warm or hot saline water, whereby the water is converted to an ice slurry from which desalinated water is recoverable.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein said extracting work from the oxygen gas 10 is effected by said respective stepwise expansions in a gas turbine device of a gas expansion type.
3. A process according to claim 2 including employing the gas turbine devices to drive electricity generation plant..
4. A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said oxygen gas is provided by 15 separation from combustion off-gases that also include carbon dioxide.
5. A process according to claim 4 wherein oxygen resulting from the last expansion is recycled as a fuel to a combustion process from which said off-gases are generated.
6. A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the oxygen gas is provided from a bioreactor vessel in which the oxygen is produced by carbon-fixing organisms therein. 20
7. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6 further including recovering desalinated water from said ice slurry.
8. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein oxygen recovered from the last expansion is also subjected to said reheating. WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 9
9. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein oxygen recovered from the last expansion is liquid oxygen.
10. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein said elevated pressure of the oxygen gas is 90 bar or greater. 5
11. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the provided oxygen gas is at a temperature of 5 0 C or less.
12. *A process for recovering energy from carbon dioxide, comprising: delivering the carbon dioxide to carbon fixing organisms in a bioreactor vessel to sustain the organisms therein, wherein the organisms therein are of a kind that thrive in 10 a medium at a pressure substantially greater than atmospheric pressure, and the bioreactor vessel is a closed chamber operable at a pressure substantially greater than atmospheric pressure; recovering, from the bioreactor vessel, oxygen gas produced by said organisms, which oxygen gas is at an elevated pressure; 15 extracting work from the oxygen gas by stepwise expanding the oxygen gas with a corresponding reduction of its temperature to substantially below 0*C, and between each said stepwise expansion reheating the oxygen gas, substantially without altering the pressure of the oxygen gas, by heat recovered from warm or hot saline water, whereby the water is converted to an ice slurry from which desalinated 20 water is recoverable.
13. A process according to claim 12 wherein said extracting work from the oxygen is carried out by effecting each of the stepwise expansions in a gas turbine device of a gas expansion type.
14. A process according to claim 13 including employing the gas turbine devices to 25 drive electricity generation plant. WO 2012/000050 PCT/AU2011/000821 10
15. A process according to claims 12, 13 or 14 further including recovering oxygen from the last expansion and recycling the oxygen as a fuel to a combustion process from which said carbon dioxide is generated.
16. A process according to any one of claims 12 to 15 further including recovering 5 desalinated water from said ice slurry.
17. A process according to any one of claims 12 to 16 wherein the oxygen recovered from the last expansion is also subjected to said reheating.
18. A process according to any one of claims 12 to 16 wherein the oxygen recovered from the last expansion is liquid oxygen. 10
19. A process according to any one of claims 12 to 18 wherein said elevated pressure of the oxygen gas is 90 bar or greater.
20. A process according to any one of claims 12 to 19, wherein the oxygen gas recovered from the bioreactor vessel is at a temperature of 5 0 C or less.
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AU2011274240A AU2011274240A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2011-06-30 | Novel heat exchange processes |
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AU2010902899A AU2010902899A0 (en) | 2010-06-30 | Novel heat exchange processes | |
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AU2011274240A AU2011274240A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2011-06-30 | Novel heat exchange processes |
PCT/AU2011/000821 WO2012000050A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2011-06-30 | Novel heat exchange processes |
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Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB462981A (en) * | 1935-09-18 | 1937-03-18 | Guido Maiuri | Improvements relating to the production of liquid air and the production of oxygen therefrom |
GB1143392A (en) * | 1965-03-04 | 1969-02-19 | Applied Res And Engineering Lt | Distillation and power producing plant |
US4555256A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1985-11-26 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for the production of gaseous oxygen at elevated pressure |
US5271231A (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1993-12-21 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method and apparatus for gas liquefaction with plural work expansion of feed as refrigerant and air separation cycle embodying the same |
US5490391A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-02-13 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing oxygen |
KR20040093525A (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-06 | (주)티원엔지니어링 | An economical air conditioner with a heat exchanger using condensed water |
KR100815540B1 (en) * | 2006-06-17 | 2008-03-20 | 에너지마스타 주식회사 | Heat pump heating system for a sea water and a function water |
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2011
- 2011-06-30 WO PCT/AU2011/000821 patent/WO2012000050A1/en active Application Filing
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