AU2011253957A1

AU2011253957A1 - Tricyclic delta opioid modulators

Info

Publication number: AU2011253957A1
Application number: AU2011253957A
Authority: AU
Inventors: John R. Carson; Ellen Codd; Christine M. Razler; Andrea Works
Original assignee: Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
Current assignee: Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
Priority date: 2003-06-27
Filing date: 2011-12-12
Publication date: 2012-01-12

Description

AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT ORIGINAL Name of Applicant: Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. Actual Inventors: John R. Carson and Ellen Codd and Christine M. Razler and Andrea Works Address for Service is: SHELSTON IP 60 Margaret Street Telephone No: (02) 9777 1111 SYDNEY NSW 2000 Facsimile No. (02) 9241 4666 CCN: 3710000352 Attorney Code: SW Invention Title: Tricyclic delta opioid modulators Details of Original Application No. 2004253898 dated 22 Jun 2004 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us: File: 48504AUP01 TITLE OF THE INVENTION TRICYCLIC 5-OPIOID MODULATORS The present application is a divisional application of Australian Application No. 2004253898, which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This Application claims priority to United States Provisional Patent Application No. 60/483,389, filed June 27, 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT The research and development of the invention described below was not federally sponsored. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The term "opioid" generically refers to all drugs, natural and synthetic, that have morphine-like actions. Formerly, the term "opiate" was used to designate drugs derived from opium, e.g., morphine, codeine, and many semi-synthetic congeners of morphine. After the isolation of peptide compounds with morphine-like actions, the term opioid was introduced to refer generically to all drugs with morphine-like actions. Included among opioids are various peptides that exhibit morphine-like activity, such as endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins. However, some sources have continued to use the term "opiate" in a generic sense, and in such contexts, opiate and opioid are interchangeable. Additionally, the term opioid has been used to refer to antagonists of morphine-like drugs as well as to characterize receptors or binding sites that combine with such agents. Opioids are generally employed as analgesics, but they may have many other pharmacological effects as well. Morphine and related opioids produce their major effects on the central nervous and digestive systems. The effects are diverse, including analgesia, drowsiness, mood changes, respiratory la depression, dizziness, mental clouding, dysphoria, pruritus, increased pressure in the biliary tract, decreased gastrointestinal motility, nausea, vomiting, and alterations of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems. A significant feature of the analgesia produced by opioids is that it 5 occurs without loss of consciousness. When therapeutic doses of morphine are given to patients with pain, they report that the pain is less intense, less discomforting, or entirely gone. In addition to experiencing relief of distress, some patients experience euphoria. However, when morphine in a selected pain-relieving dose is given to a pain-free individual, the experience is not 10 always pleasant; nausea is common, and vomiting may also occur. Drowsiness, inability to concentrate, difficulty-in mentation, apathy, lessened physical activity, reduced visual acuity, and lethargy may ensue. Two distinct classes of opioid molecules can bind opioid receptors: the opioid peptides (e.g., the enkephalins, dynorphins, and endorphins) and the 15 alkaloid opiates (e.g., morphine, etorphine, diprenorphine and naloxone). Subsequent to the initial demonstration of opiate binding sites (Pert, C. B. and Snyder, S. H., Science (1973) 179:1011-1014), the differential pharmacological and physiological effects of both opioid peptide analogues and alkaloid opiates served to delineate multiple opioid receptors. Accordingly, three anatomically 20 and pharmacologically distinct opioid receptor types have been described: delta, kappa and mu. Furthermore, each type is believed to have sub-types (Wollemann, M., J Neurochem (1990) 54:1095-1101; Lord, J. A., et al., Nature (1977) 267:495-499). All three of these opioid receptor types appear to share the same 25 functional mechanisms at a cellular level. For example, the opioid receptors cause inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and inhibition of neurotransmitter release via both potassium channel activation and inhibition of Ca channels (Evans, C. J., In: Biological Basis of Substance Abuse, S. G. Korenman & J. D. Barchas, eds., Oxford University Press (in press); North, A. R., et al., Proc Natl 30 Acad Sci USA (1990) 87:7025-29; Gross, R. A., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1990) 87:7025-29; Sharma, S. K., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1975) 72:3092-96). Although the functional mechanisms are the same, the behavioral manifestations of receptor-selective drugs differ greatly (Gilbert, P. E. & Martin, 2 W. R., J Pharmacol Exp Ther (1976) 198:66-82). Such differences may be attributable in part to the anatomical location of the different receptors. Delta receptors have a more discrete distribution within the mammalian CNS than either mu or kappa receptors, with high concentrations in the 6 amygdaloid complex, striatum, substantia nigra, olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercles, hippocampal formation, and the cerebral cortex (Mansour, A., et al., Trends in Neurosci (1988) 11:308-14). The rat cerebellum is remarkably devoid of opioid receptors including delta opioid receptors. D. Delorme, E. Roberts and Z. Wei, World Patent WO/28275 (1998) 10 discloses diaryl methylidenylpiperidines that are opioid analgesics, but does not disclose or suggest the compounds of the present invention. L. Hermann, C. Ullmer, E. Bellott and others, US Patent 0166672 (2003), World Patent WO/035646 (2003), and EP 1321169 (2003) disclose 4 (thio- or selenoxanthene-9-ylidene)-piperidines or acridines that are 5-HT 2 B 15 receptor antagonists, but do not disclose compounds of the present invention. C. Kaiser, and others in J. Med. Chem. 1974, Volume 17, pages 57-61 disclose some piperidylidene derivatives of thioxanthenes, xanthenes, dibenoxepins and acridans that are neuroleptic agents. These authors, however, do not disclose or suggest either the structure or the activity of the 20. compounds of the present invention. British Patent GB 1128734 (1966) discloses derivatives of 6,11 dihydrod ibenzo[b,e]oxepine that are anticholinergic, anti-convulsive, muscle relaxing, sedating, diuretic, and/or circulatory-active agents. These, agents, however, differ significantly from the compounds of the present invention both 25 structurally and pharmacologically. There is a continuing need for new delta-opioid receptor modulators as analgesics. There is a further need for delta-opioid receptor selective agonists as analgesics having reduced side-effects. There is also a need for delta opioid receptor antagonists as immunosuppressants, antiinflammatory agents, 30 agents for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions, medicaments for drug and alcohol abuse, agents for treating gastritis and diarrhea, cardiovascular agents and agents for the treatment of respiratory diseases, having reduced side-effects. 3 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to compositions comprising a compound of Formula (1): Y Z N' R1

R

3 5 Formula (I) wherein:

R

1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1 -salkanyl;

R

3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -salkanyl, 10 halo1..

3 (C1..)alkanyl, C 2 .salkenyl, C 2 .salkynyl, C3-s8cycloal kanyl, cycloalkanyl(C 1 -a)alkanyl, C1.ealkanyloxy(C 1

..

8 )alkanyl, C1.salkanylthio(C 1 .s)alkanyl, hydroxyC 1

..

8 al kanyl,

C

1 -salkanyloxycarbonyl, halo 1

-

3

(C

1

-

8 )alkanylcarbonyl, formyl, thioformyl, carbamimidoyl, phenylimino(C1.s)alkanyl, 15 phenyl(C 1 -a)alkanyl, phenyi(C 1 ..)alkenyl, phenyl(C 1 .a)alkynyl, naphthy(C 1 .a)alkanyl and heteroaryl(C 1 -a)alkanyl; wherein phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 .. ealkanyl, C 2 -e 6 alkenyl, C 1

.

6 alkanyloxy, amino, 20 C1..salkanylamino, di(C 1

.

6 al kanyl)amino, C 1

.

6 alkanylcarbonyl,

C

1 .. alkanylcarbonyloxy, C1.ealkanylcarbonylamino,

C

1

..

6 alkanylthio, C 1 .. ealkanylsulIfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, fluoroalkanyl, thioureido, and fluoroalkanyloxy; alternatively, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two 25 substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents can together form a single fused moiety; wherein the 4 fused moiety is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2

)

3 -s and -O(CH 2

)

1

-

3 0-;

R

4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

.

6 alkanyl, C 2 .ralkenyl, C 1

.

6 alkanyloxy, 5 amino, C 1

.

6 alkanylamino, di(C 1

.

6 alkanyl)amino,

C

1 .salkanylcarbonyl, C1.

6 alkanylcarbonyloxy,

C

1

.

6 alkanyloxycarbonyl, C 1 .-alkanylaminocarbonyl, di(C 1 .ealkanyl)aminocarbonyl, C 1

.

6 alkanylcarbonylamino,

C

1

.

6 alkanylthio, C 1

.

6 alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, 10 hydroxycarbonyl, C 1 oaryl, chromanyl, chromeny, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, Indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, 15 thiophenyl, fluoroalkanyl and fluoroalkanyloxy; or optionally, when

R

4 is two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the fused moiety is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2

)

3

-

5 and -O(CH 2 )1- 3 0-; 20 R 5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

..

6 alkanyl, C 2

.

6 alkenyl, C1.ealkanyloxy, amino, C 1 .salkanylamino, di(C1.salkanyl)amino,

C

1

.

6 alkanylcarbonyl, C 1 .alkanylcarbonyloxy,

C

1 .-alkanyloxycarbonyl, CI.

6 alkanylaminocarbonyl, 25 C 1 .alkanylcarbonylamino, C 1

.

6 alkanylthio, C 1

.

6 alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, fluoroalkanyl and fluoroalkanyloxy; A is -(CH2)m-, wherein m is 0, 2 or 3; preferably, m is 2 or 3, and most preferably, m is 2 Y is -(CH 2 )nX- or -X(CH 2 )n-; 30 X is O or S n is0 or 1; Z is O or S; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, or pharmaceutically 5 acceptable salts thereof. Finally, the present invention is directed to veterinary and pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of Formula (1) wherein the 5 compositions are used to treat mild to severe pain in warm-blooded animals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As used herein, the following underlined terms are intended to have the 10 following meanings: "Ca-b" (where a and b are integers) refers to a radical containing from a to b carbon atoms inclusive. For example, C 1

-

3 denotes a radical containing 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms 15 "Alkyl:" refers to a saturated or unsaturated, branched, straight-chain or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon radical derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkane, alkene or alkyne. Typical alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl; ethyls such as ethanyl, 20 ethenyl, ethynyl; propyls such as propan-1-yl, propan-2-yl , cyclopropan-1-yl (, prop-1-en-1-yl, prop-1-en-2-yl, prop-2-en-1-yl, cycloprop-1-en-1-yl; cycloprop-2 en-1 -yl, prop-1-yn-1-yl, prop-2-yn-1-yl, etc.; butyls such as butan-1-yl, butan-2 yl, 2-methyl-propan-1-yl, 2-methyl-propan-2-yl, cyclobutan-1-yi, but-1-en-1-yl, but-1-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-I-en-1 -yl, but-2-en-1-yl, but-2-en-2-yl, buta-1,3 25 dien-1-yl, buta-1,3-dien-2-yi, cyclobut-1-en-1-yl, cyclobut-1-en-3-yl, cyclobuta 1,3-dien-1-yl, but-1-yn-1-yl, but-1-yn-3-yl, but-3-yn-1-y, etc.; and the like. Where specific levels of saturation are intended, the nomenclature "alkanyl", "alkenyl" and/or "alkynyl" is used, as defined below. In preferred embodiments, the alkyl groups are (C 1

-C

6 ) alkyl, with (C 1

-C

3 ) being particularly preferred. 30 "Alkanyl:" refers to a saturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon radical derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkane. Typical alkanyl groups include, 6 but are not limited to, methanyl; ethanyl; propanyls such as propan-1-yl, propan-2-yl, cyclopropan-1-yl, etc.; butyanyls such as butan-1-yl, butan-2-yl, 2 methyl-propan-1-yl, 2-methyl-propan-2-y, cyclobutan-1-yl, etc.; and the like. In preferred embodiments, the alkanyl groups are (C1.8) alkanyl, with (01-3) being 5 particularly preferred. "Alkenyl" refers to an unsaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon double bond derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom 10 of a parent alkene. The radical may be in either the cis or trans conformation about the double bond(s). Typical alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl; propenyls such as prop-1-en-1-yl, prop-1 -en-2-yl, prop-2-en-1-yl, prop-2-en-2-yl, cycloprop-1-en-1-yl; cycloprop-2-en-1-yl; butenyls such as but 1-en-1-yl, but-1-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-1-en-1-yl, but-2-en-1-yl, but-2-en-1-yl, 15 but-2-en-2-yl, buta-1,3-dien-1-yl, buta-1,3-dien-2-yl, cyclobut-l-en-1-yl, cyclobut-1-en-3-yl, cyclobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl, etc.; and the like. "Alkynyl" refers to an unsaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond 20 derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkyne. Typical alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl; propynyls such as prop-1-yn-1-yl, prop-2-yn-1-yl, etc.; butynyls such as but-1 yn-1-yl, but-1-yn-3-yl, but-3-yn-1-yl, etc.; and the like. 25 "Heteroalkyl" and Heteroalkanyl" refer to alkyl or alkanyl radicals, respectively, in which one or more carbon atoms (and any necessary associated hydrogen atoms) are independently replaced with the same or different heteroatoms (including any necessary hydrogen or other atoms). Typical heteroatoms to replace the carbon atom(s) include, but are not limited 30 to, N, P, 0, S, Si, etc. Preferred heteroatoms are 0, N and S. Thus, heteroalkanyl radicals can contain one or more of the same or different heteroatomic groups, including, by way of example and not limitation, epoxy (-0-), epidioxy (-0-0-), thioether (-S-), epidithio (-SS-), epoxythio 7 (-O-S-), epoxyimino (-O-NR'-), imino (-NR'-), biimino (-NR'-NR'-), azino (=N-N=), azo (-N=N-), azoxy (-N-0-N-), azimino (-NR'-N=N-), phosphano (-PH-), A 4 -sulfano (-SH 2 -), sulfonyl (-S(0) 2 -), and the like, where each R' is independently hydrogen or (C1-C) alkyl. 5 "Parent Aromatic Rinq System:" refers to an unsaturated cyclic or polycyclic ring system having a conjugated rr electron system. Specifically included within the definition of "parent aromatic ring system" are fused ring systems in which one or more rings are aromatic and one or more rings are 10 saturated or unsaturated, such as, for example, indane, indene, phenalene, etc. Typical parent aromatic ring systems Include, but are not limited to, aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, coronene, fluoranthene, fluorene, hexacene, hexaphene, hexalene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, octacene, 15 octaphene, octalene, ovalene, penta-2,4-diene, pentacene, pentalene, pentaphene, perylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, picene, pleiadene, pyrene, pyranthrene, rubicene, triphenylene, trinaphthalene, and the like "Aryl:" refers to a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical derived by 20 the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, coronene, fluoranthene, fluorene, hexacene, hexaphene, hexalene, as-indacene, s-indacene, insane, indene, 25 naphthalene, octacene, octaphene, octalene, ovalene, penta-2,4-diene, pentacene, pentalene, pentaphene, perylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, picene, pleiadene, pyrene, pyranthrene, rubicene, triphenylene, trinaphthalene, and the like. In preferred embodiments, the aryl group is (C5-20) aryl, with (C5-10) being particularly preferred. Particularly preferred aryl groups are phenyl and 30 naphthyl groups. "Arylalkyl:" refers to an acyclic alkyl group in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal carbon atom, is replaced 8 with an aryl radical. Typical arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 2-phenylethan-1 -yl, 2-phenylethen-1 -yl, naphthylmethyl, 2 naphthylethan-1-yl, 2-naphthylethen-1-yl, naphthobenzyl, 2-naphthophenylethan-1-yl and the like. Where specific alkyl moieties are 5 intended, the nomenclature arylalkanyl, arylakenyl and/or arylalkynyl is used. [In preferred embodiments, the arylalkyl group is (C 6

,

26 ) arylalkyl, e.g., the alkanyl, alkenyl or alkynyl moiety of the arylalkyl group is (C1.6) and the aryl moiety is (C5-20). In particularly preferred embodiments the arylalkyl group is

(C

6

-

13 ), e.g., the alkanyl, alkenyl or alkynyl moiety of the arylalkyl group is (C1-3) 10 and the aryl moiety is (C5..lo). Even more preferred arylalkyl groups are phenylalkanyls. "Alkanyloxy:" refers to a saturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic monovalent hydrocarbon alcohol radical derived by the removal of the 15 hydrogen atom from the hydroxide oxygen of the alcohol. Typical alkanyloxy groups include, but are not limited to, methanyloxy; ethanyloxy; propanyloxy groups such as propan-1-yloxy (CH 3

CH

2

CH

2 0-), propan-2-yloxy ((CH 3

)

2 CHO-), cyclopropan-1-yloxy, etc.; butanyloxy groups such as butan-1-yloxy, butan-2 yloxy, 2-methyl-propan-1-yloxy, 2-methyl-propan-2-yloxy, cyclobutan-1-yloxy, 20 etc.; and the like. In preferred embodiments, the alkanyloxy groups are (CI..8) alkanyloxy groups, with (Cl-3) being particularly preferred. "Parent Heteroaromatic Ring System:" refers to a parent aromatic ring system in which one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom. Heteratoms 25 to replace the carbon atoms include N, 0, and S. Specifically included within the definition of "parent heteroaromatic ring systems" are fused ring systems in which one or more rings are aromatic and one or more rings are saturated or unsaturated, such as, for example, arsindole, chromane, chromene, indole, indoline, xanthene, etc. Typical parent heteroaromatic ring systems include, 30 but are not limited to, carbazole, imidazole, indazole, indole, indoline, indolizine, isoindole, isoindoline, isoquinoline, isothiazole, isoxazole, naphthyridine, oxadiazole, oxazole, purine, pyran, pyrazine, pyrazole, 9 pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, pyrrolizine, quinazoline, quinoline, quinolizine, quinoxaline, tetrazole, thiadiazole, thiazole, thiophene, triazole, xanthene, and the like. 5 "Heteroaryl:" refers to a monovalent heteroaromatic radical derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single atom of a parent heteroaromatic ring system. Typical heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from carbazole, imidazole, indazole, indole, indoline, indolizine, isoindole, isoindoline, isoquinoline, isothiazole, isoxazole, 10 naphthyridine, oxadiazole, oxazole, purine, pyran, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, pyrrolizine, quinazoline, quinoline, quinolizine, quinoxaline, tetrazole, thiadiazole, thiazole, thiophene, triazole, xanthene, and the like. In preferred embodiments, the heteroaryl group is a 5-20 membered heteroaryl, with 5-10 membered heteroaryl being particularly 15 preferred. "Cycloheteroalkl:" refers to a saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic alkyl radical in which one carbon atom is replaced with N, 0 or S. In certain specified embodiments the cycloheteroalkyl may contain up to four 20 heteroatoms independently selected from N, 0 or S. Typical cycloheteroalkyl moieties include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from imidazolidine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrazolidine, pyrrolidine, quinuclidine, and the like. In preferred embodiments, the cycloheteroalkyl is a 3-6 membered cycloheteroalkyl. 25 "Cvcloheteroalkanl:" refers to a saturated monocyclic or bicyclic alkanyl radical in which one carbon atom is replaced with N, 0 or S. In certain specified embodiments the cycloheteroalkanyl may contain up to four heteroatoms independently selected from N, 0 or S. Typical cycloheteroalkanyl 30 moieties include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from imidazolidine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrazolidine, pyrrolidine, quinuclidine, and the like. In preferred embodiments, the cycloheteroalkanyl is a 3-6 membered cycloheteroalkanyl. 10 "Cycloheteroalkenyl:" refers to a saturated monocyclic or bicyclic alkenyl radical in which one carbon atom is replaced with N, 0 or S. In certain specified embodiments the cycloheteroalkenyl may contain up to four 5 heteroatoms independently selected from N, 0 or S. Typical cycloheteroalkenyl moieties include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from imidazoline, pyrazoline, pyrroline, indoline, pyran, and the like. In preferred embodiments, the cycloheteroalkanyl is a 3-6 membered cycloheteroalkanyl. 10 "Substituted:" refers to a radical in which one or more hydrogen atoms are each independently replaced with the same or different substituent(s). Typical substituents include, but are not limited to, -X, -R, -0-, =0, -OR, -0-OR, -SR, -S~, =S, -NRR, =NR, -CX 3 , -CN, -OCN, -SCN, -NCO, -NCS, -NO, -NO 2 , =N 2 , -N 3 , -NHOH, -S(O)2O, -S(O) 2 OH, -S(O) 2 R, 15 -P(O)(O~) 2 , -P(O)(QH) 2 , -C(O)R, -C(O)X, -C(S)R, -C(S)X, -C(O)OR, -C(0)O~, -C(S)OR, -C(O)SR, -C(S)SR, -C(O)NRR, -C(S)NRR and -C(NR)NRR, where each X is independently a halogen (preferably -F, -Cl or -Br) and each R is independently -H, alkyl, alkanyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylidene, alkylidyne, aryl, arylalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl 20 or heteroaryl-heteroalkyl, as defined herein. Preferred substituents include hydroxy, halogen, C 1 .. salkyl, C 1 .salkanyloxy, fluorinated alkanyloxy, fluorinated alkyl, C1-aalkylthio, C3-acycloalkyl, C3.acycloalkanyloxy, nitro, amino,

C

1

..

8 alkylamino, C 1

-

8 dialkylamino, C3-acycloalkylamino, cyano, carboxy,

C

1 .alkanyloxycarbonyl, C 1

-

7 alkylcarbonyloxy, formyl, carbamoyl, phenyl, aroyl, 25 carbamoyl, amidino, (CI..alkylamino)carbonyl, (arylamino)carbonyl and aryl(CI..

8 alkyl)carbonyl. With reference to substituents, the term "inde Pendently" means that when more than one of such substituent is possible, such substituents may be 30 the same or different from each other. 11 Throughout this disclosure, the terminal portion of the designated side chain is described first, followed by the adjacent functionality toward the point of attachment. Thus, for example, a "phenylC 1

.

6 alkanylaminocarbonylC 1 .ealkyl" substituent refers to a group of the formula 5 0

C

1

C

6 alkany alkanyl ( H 10 An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a compound of Formula (1) wherein the structure is numbered as defined herein. 5 Y Z 6 NR1 A R3 Formula (I) 15 The present invention is directed to analgesic and anti-pyretic uses of compositions comprising a compound of Formula (1): N' R1 R4I R5 A R3 Formula (I) wherein: 12

R

1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and CI-salkanyl;

R

3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

.

8 alkanyl, halo 1

-

3

(C

1 .8)alkanyl, C 2

.

8 alkenyl, C 2 .salkynyl, C 3 -acycloalkanyl, 5 cycloalkanyl(C 1 .a)alkanyl, C 1 .salkanyloxy(C 1

.

8 )alkanyl,

C

1

.

8 alkanylthio(C 1 .s)alkanyl, hydroxyC 1

.

8 alkanyl,

C

1

.

8 alkanyloxycarbonyl, halo 1

-

3

(C

1 3)alkanylcarbonyl, formyl, thioformyl, carbamimidoyl, phenylimino(C 1

.

8 )alkanyl, phenyl(C 1 .e)alkanyl, phenyl(C 1 -)alkenyl, phenyl(C 1 .-)alkynyl, 10 naphthyl(C1-a)alkanyl and heteroary(C 1

.

8 )alkanyl; wherein phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 .ealkanyl, C2.ealkenyl, C 1 .-alkanyloxy, amino,

C

1 .- alkanylamino, di(C1..alkanyl)amino, Ci.

6 alkanylcarbonyl, 15 CI.

6 alkanylcarbonyloxy, C1.ealkanylcarbonylamino,

C

1

.

6 alkanylthio, C1.

6 alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, fluoroalkanyl, thioureido, and fluoroalkanyloxy; or optionally, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two 20 substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the fused moiety is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2

)

3

-

5 and -O(CH 2

)

1

-

3 0-;

R

.

6 alkanyl, C2.

6 alkenyl, C 1

.

6 alkanyloxy, 25 amino, C 1

.

6 alkanylamino, di(CI.alkanyl)amino,

C

1

.

6 alkanylcarbonyl, C 1 .ealkanylcarbonyloxy, C1.

6 alkanyloxycarbony, C 1

.

6 alkanylaminocarbonyl, di(C 1 .ealkanyl)aminocarbonyl, CI..alkanylcarbonylamino,

C

1

.

6 alkanylthio, C 1 .alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, 30 hydroxycarbonyl, Cs.oaryl, chromanyl, chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, 13 quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, fluoroalkanyl and fluoroalkanyloxy; or optionally, when

R

4 is two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the 5 fused moiety is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2

)

3

-

5 and -O(CH 2 )1- 3 0-;

R

5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1.

6 alkanyl, C2- 6 alkenyl, C1.6alkanyloxy, amino, C 1

.

6 alkanylamino, di(C 1

.

6 alkanyl)amino, 10 C 1

.

6 alkanylcarbonyl, C 1

..

6 alkanylcarbonyloxy, C1.6alkanyloxycarbonyl, C1.salkanylaminocarbonyl,

C

1 .alkanylcarbonylamino, C1.

6 alkanylthio, C 1

.

6 alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, fluoroalkanyl and fluoroalkanyloxy; A is -(CH 2 )m-, wherein m is 0, 2 or 3; 15 Y is -(CH 2 )nX- or -X(CH 2 )n-; Xis OorS; n is 0 or 1; Z isOorS; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically 20 acceptable salts thereof. For embodiments of the present invention, preferably: a) R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Ci4alkanyl; 25 b) R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and propyl; c) R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and ethyl; d) R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 ..alkanyl, 30 C 2 -aalkenyl, C 2

-

8 alkynyl, C 1 .salkanyloxy(C 1 .)alkanyl,

CI

8 alkanylthio(C1- 8 )alkanyl, hydroxyC1.8alkanyl, thioformyl, phenylimino(C 1 -a)alkanyl, phenyl(C 1 -)alkanyl, and heteroaryl(C.

8 )alkanyl; wherein phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally 14 substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 ..alkanyloxy and hydroxy; or optionally, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a 5 single fused moiety; wherein the moiety is selected from -O(CH 2

)

1

-

3 0-; e) R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, allyl, 2 methyl-allyl, propynyl, hydroxyethyl, methylthioethyl, methoxyethyl, thioformyl, phenyliminomethyl, phenethyl, and heteroaryl(C 1

.

8 )alkanyl; wherein the phenyl in any phenyl-containing substituent is optionally 10 substituted with one hydroxyl group; f) R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, allyl, or heteroarylmethyl; g) R 4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

.

6 alkanyl, Cl.6alkanyloxy, C1.

6 alkanylaminocarbonyl, C 1

.

6 alkanylcarbonylamino, halogen, hydroxy, 15 Cr.

1 oaryl, chromanyl, chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoliny, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, and thiophenyl; 20 h) R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

.

4 alkanyl, C 1

.

4 alkanyloxy, halogen, phenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, 25 and hydroxy; i) R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, bromo, fluoro, 5- or 6-phenyl, 5- or 6-pyridinyl, 5- or 6-furanyl, and hydroxy; j) R 5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group 30 consisting of hydrogen and halogen; k) R 5 is hydrogen; 1) A is -(CH 2 )o.

2 -; m) A is -(CH 2

)

2 -; 15 n) X is O or S; o) n is 0; p) Z is 0; and q) combinations of a) through p) above. 5 One embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula (I) wherein:

R

1 is C 1

-

3 alkanyl;

R

2 is C 1

-

3 alkanyl or hydrogen; 10 R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

-

8 alkanyl,

C

2

-

8 alkenyl, C 2 -aalkynyl, C 1

-

8 alkanyloxy(C 1 -)alkanyl, C1.Balkanylthio(C1-8)alkanyl, hydroxyC 1

-

8 alkanyl, thioformyl, phenylimino(C 1

.

8 )alkanyl, phenyl(C1-B)alkanyl, and heteroaryl(C 1

-

8 )alkanyl; wherein phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally 15 substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1

.

6 alkanyloxy and hydroxy; or optionally, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the moiety is selected from -O(CH 2

)

1

-

3 0-; 20 R 4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci.salkanyl, C1..6alkanyloxy,

C

1 -ralkanylaminocarbonyl, C 6 1.alkanylcarbonylamino, halogen, hydroxy,

C

6

-

1 oaryl, chromanyl, chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, 25 naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, and thiophenyl;

R

5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen; 30, A is absent or CH 2

CH

2 ; Y is 0, S, CH 2 0 or OCH 2 ; Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically 16 acceptable salts thereof. Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula (I) wherein: 5 R 1 is C 1

-

3 alkanyl;

R

2 is C1- 3 alkanyl or hydrogen;

R

3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, allyl, 2 methyl-allyl, propynyl, hydroxyethyl, methoxyethyl, methylthioethyl, thioformyl, phenyliminomethyl, phenethyl, and heteroaryl(C 1

-

8 )alkanyl; 10 wherein the phenyl in any phenyl-containing substituent is optionally substituted with one hydroxyl group;

R

4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

.

4 alkanyl, C 1 4 alkanyloxy, halogen, phenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, 15 isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, and hydroxy;

R

5 is hydrogen; A is absent or CH 2

CH

2 ; 20 Y is 0, S, CH 2 0 or OCH 2 ; Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 25 Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to compositions comprising a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl or hydrogen; R 3 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, carbamimidoyl, 1-H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl, phenyliminomethyl, 1-prop-2-ynyl, thioformyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl-methyl, hydroxy 30 ethyl, methoxy-ethyl, 2-methyl-allyl, 2-methyl-but-2-enyl, allyl, furan-3-ylmethyl, H, Me, methylthioethyl, phenethyl, pyridin-2-yl methyl, thiophen-2-yl methyl; R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1.

4 alkanyl, C 1

.

4 alkanyloxy, halogen, phenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, 17 indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, and hydroxy; A is absent or CH 2

CH

2 ; Y is O or S; and Z is O. 5 Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula (I) wherein:

R

1 is C 1

-

3 alkanyl;

R

2 is C 1 -alkanyl or hydrogen; 10 R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

-

8 alkanyl,

C

2 -8alkenyl, C 2 -salkynyl, C 1 ..alkanyloxy(C 1 .. )alkanyl, C1.salkanylthio(C1.

8 )alkanyl, hydroxyC 1

-

8 alkanyl, thioformyl, phenylimino(C 1

.

8 )alkanyl, phenyl(C 1

.

8 )alkanyl, and heteroaryl(C 1 .)alkanyl; wherein phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally 15 substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1

.

)

1 3 0-; 20 R 4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1.

6 alkanyl, C 1

.

6 alkanyloxy,

C

1 .ealkanylaminocarbonyl, C 1

.

6 alkanylcarbonylamino, halogen, hydroxy, Cs.

R

5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen; 30 A CH 2

CH

2 ; Y is 0, S, CH 2 0 or OCH 2 ; Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically 18 acceptable salts thereof. Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula (I) wherein: 5 R 1 is C 1

.

3 alkanyl;

R

2 is C1- 3 alkanyl or hydrogen;

R

.

R

4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 14 alkanyl, C 1

-

4 alkanyloxy, halogen, phenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, 15 isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, and hydroxy; R5 is hydrogen; A is CH 2

CH

2 ; 20 Y is 0, S, CH 2 0 or OCH 2 ; Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 25 Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to compositions comprising a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl or hydrogen; R 3 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of benzo[1,3]dloxol-5-ylmethyl, carbamimidoyl, 1-H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl, phenyliminomethyl, 1-prop-2-ynyl, thioformyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl-methyl, hydroxy 30 ethyl, methoxy-ethyl, 2-methyl-allyl, 2-methyl-but-2-enyl, allyl, furan-3-ylmethyl, H, Me, methylthioethyl, phenethyl, pyridin-2-yl methyl, thiophen-2-yl methyl; R4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1

.

4 alkanyl, Cv4alkanyloxy, halogen, phenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, 19 indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, and hydroxy; A is CH 2

CH

2 ; Y is 0 or S; and Z is 0. 5 Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl; R 3 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, carbamimidoyl, 1-H-imidazol-4-yl methyl, phenyliminomethyl, I -prop-2-ynyl, 10 thioformyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl-methyl, hydroxyethyl, methoxyethyl, allyl, furan-3-yl methyl, H, Me, methylthioethyl, and phenethyl; R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, bromo, fluoro, 5- or 6-phenyl, 5- or 6-pyridinyl, 5- or 6-furanyl, and hydroxy; A is CH 2

CH

2 ; Y is 0 or S; and Z is 0. 15 Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to compositions comprising a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl; R 3 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of H, benzo[1,3]dioxol-5 ylmethyl, 1-H-imidazol-4-yl methyl, furan-3-ylmethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, and 20 phenyliminomethyl;

R

4 is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, bromo, fluoro, 5- or 6-phenyl, 5- or 6 pyridinyl, 5- or 6-furanyl, and hydroxy; A is CH 2

CH

2 ; Y is 0 or S; and Z is 0. Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a compound 25 of Formula (1) wherein R 4 is preferably substituted at the 5- or 6- position of Formula (1). Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to compositions comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of: a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; 20 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H,

R

5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 O, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H,

R

5 is H, A Is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H,

R

5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 1,1,1 trichloroethoxycarbonyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 2-methyl-but-2 enyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is thiophen-2-y methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 2-methyl-allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 O, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is cyclopropylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is pyridin-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol-4-y methyl, R 4 is H, Rq is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; 21 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenyl-methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein Ri is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 O, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is furan-3-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R2 is H, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is furan-3-y methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is pyridin-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 2 hydroxyphenyl-methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is carbamimidoyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-prop-2-ynyl,

R

4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is methylcarbonylamino, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; 22 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is hydroxy-ethyl,

R

4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is phenyliminomethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is thioformyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H,

R

5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methoxyethyl,

R

4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methylthio ethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is methylcarbonylamino, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is pyridin-2-yl methyl, R4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is hydroxyethyl,

R

4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 4-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H,-A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is cyclopropylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methylthio propyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; 23 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is hydroxy-ethyl,

R

4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, Rs is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 Is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is methyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H,

R

5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (i) wherein R 1 is isopropyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H,

R

5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is methyl, R 2 is isobutyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is n-propyl, R 2 is n-propyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH2, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is n-propyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is H, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 methyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 methyl, Rq is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 fluoro, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; 24 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 5-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is n-butyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 4-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R4 is 6 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is trifluoromethylcarbonyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (l) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 bromo, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 phenyl, Rs is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 pyridin-4-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 Is H, R4 is 7 furan-3-y, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 benzothiophen-2-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7-(N t-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrol-2-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 pyridin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 thiophen-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; 25 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 (3,5-dimethyl)isoxazol-4-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isopropyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 pyrrol-2-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 bromo, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 phenyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-4-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 furan-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 quinolin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 thiophen-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 hydroxy, Rq is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; and a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 fluoro, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0. Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to compositions comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of: a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 2-methyl-but-2 enyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is thiophen-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; 26 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 2-methyl-allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is pyridin-2-y methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol-4-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH20, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 5-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 4-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (i) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-4-yl, R 5 is H, A Is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 furan-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isopropyl, R 3 is H, R4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; 27 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R4 is 6 methyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is n-propyl, R 2 is n-propyl, R3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 fluoro, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 Is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isobutyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is n-butyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 thiophen-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; and a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 phenyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0. Another embodiment of the present invention is a composition comprising the dextrorotatory enantiomer of a compound of formula (1) wherein

R

1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 5 0; wherein said composition is substantially free from the levorotatory isomer of said compound. In the present context, substantially free means less than 25 %, preferably less than 10 %, more preferably less than 5 %, even more preferably less than 2 % and even more preferably less than 1 % of the levorotatory isomer calculated as. 10 %levorotatory (mass levorotatory) x100 (mass dextrorotatory) + (mass levorotatory) 28 Another embodiment of the present invention is a composition comprising the levorotatory enantiomer of a compound of formula (I) wherein

R

1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2

CH

2 , Y is 0, and Z is 5 0; wherein said composition is substantially free from the dextrorotatory isomer of said compound. In the present context, substantially free from means less than 25 %, preferably less than 10 %, more preferably less than 5 %, even more preferably less than 2 % and even more preferably less than I % of the dextrorotatory isomer calculated as 10 dextrorotatoryy =(mass dextrorotatory) x 100 (mass dextrorotatory) + (mass levorotatory) The compounds of the present invention may also be present in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. For use in medicine, the salts of the 15 compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" (Ref. International J. Pharm., 1986, 33, 201-217; J. Pharm. Sci., 1997 (Jan), 66, 1, 1). Other salts well known to those in the art may, however, be useful in the preparation of compounds according to this invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Representative organic or inorganic acids 20 include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, perchloric, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, acetic, propionic, glycolic, lactic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, benzoic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, hydroxyethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, oxalic, pamoic, 2 naphthalenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclohexanesulfamic, salicylic, 25 saccharinic or trifluoroacetic acid. Representative organic or inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, basic or cationic salts such as benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc. 30 The present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention. In general, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds that are readily convertible in vivo into the 29 required compound. Thus, in the methods of treatment of the present invention, the term "administering" shall encompass the treatment of the various disorders described with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the 5 specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient. Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs", ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985. 10 Where the compounds according to this invention have at least one chiral center, they may accordingly exist as enantiomers. Where the compounds possess two or more chiral centers, they may additionally exist as diastereomers. It is to be understood that all such isomers and mixtures thereof are encompassed within the scope of the present invention. 15 Furthermore, some of the crystalline forms for the compounds may exist as polymorphs and as such are intended to be included in the present invention. In addition, some of the compounds may form solvates with water (i.e., hydrates) or common organic solvents, and such solvates are also intended to be encompassed within the scope of this invention. 20 Where the processes for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention give rise to mixture of stereoisomers, these isomers may be separated by conventional techniques such as preparative chromatography. The compounds may be prepared in racemic form, or individual enantiomers 25 may be prepared either by enantiospecific synthesis or by resolution. The compounds may, for example, be resolved into their component enantiomers by standard techniques, such as the formation of diastereomeric pairs by salt formation with an optically active acid, such as (-)-di-p-toluoyl-d-tartaric acid and/or (+)-di-p-toluoyl-l-tartarc acid followed by fractional crystallization and 30 regeneration of the free base. The compounds may also be resolved by formation of diastereomeric esters or amides, followed by chromatographic separation and removal of the chiral auxiliary. Alternatively, the compounds may be resolved using a chiral HPLC column. 30 During any of the processes for preparation of the compounds of the present invention, it may be necessary and/or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by 5 means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, ed. J.F.W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973; and T.W. Greene & P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 1991. The protecting groups may be removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods known from the art. 10 Even though the compounds of the present invention (including their pharmaceutically, acceptable salts and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates) can be administered alone, they will generally be administered in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier, excipient or diluent selected with regard to the 15 intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical or veterinary practice. Thus, the present invention is directed to pharmaceutical and veterinary compositions comprising compounds of Formula (I) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, -excipients or diluents. 20 By way of example, in the pharmaceutical and veterinary compositions of the present invention, the compounds of the present invention may be admixed with any suitable binder(s), lubricant(s), suspending agent(s), coating agent(s), and/or solubilising agent(s). 25 Tablets or capsules of the compounds may be administered singly or two or more at a time, as appropriate. It is also possible to administer the compounds in sustained release formulations. Alternatively, the compounds of the general Formula (1) can be 30 administered by inhalation or in the form of a suppository or pessary, or they may be applied topically in the form of a lotion, solution, cream, ointment or dusting powder. An alternative means of transdermal administration is by use of a skin patch. For example, they can be incorporated into a cream consisting 31 of an aqueous emulsion of polyethylene glycols or liquid paraffin. They can also be incorporated, at a concentration of between 1 and 10% by weight, into an ointment consisting of a white wax or white soft paraffin base together with such stabilizers and preservatives as may be required. 5 For some applications, preferably the compositions are administered orally in the form of tablets containing excipients such as starch or lactose, or in capsules or ovules either alone or in admixture with excipients, or in the form of elixirs, solutions or suspensions containing flavoring or coloring agents. 10 The compositions (as well as the compounds alone) can also be injected perenterally, for example intracavernosally, intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. In this case, the compositions will comprise a suitable carrier or diluent. 15 For parenteral administration, the compositions are best used in the form of a sterile aqueous solution which may contain other substances, for example enough salts or monosaccharides to make the solution isotonic with blood. 20 For buccal or sublingual administration the compositions may be administered in the form of tablets or lozenges which can be formulated in a conventional manner. 25 By way of further example, pharmaceutical and veterinary compositions containing one or more of the compounds of the invention described herein as the active ingredient can be prepared by intimately mixing the compound or compounds with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques. The carrier may take a wide variety 30 of forms depending upon the desired route of administration (e.g., oral, parenteral). Thus for liquid oral preparations such as suspensions, elixirs and solutions, suitable carriers and additives include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, stabilizers, coloring agents and the like; for 32 solid oral preparations, such as powders, capsules and tablets, suitable carriers and additives include starches, sugars, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like. Solid oral preparations may also be coated with substances such as sugars or be enteric-coated so as 5 to modulate the major site of absorption. For parenteral administration, the carrier will usually consist of sterile water and other ingredients may be added to increase solubility or preservation. Injectable suspensions or solutions may also be prepared utilizing aqueous carriers along with appropriate additives. 10 Advantageously, compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily. Furthermore, compounds for the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal skin patches well 15 known to those skilled in that art. To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen. It is also apparent to one skilled in the art that the therapeutically 20 effective dose for active compounds of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof will vary according to the desired effect. Therefore, optimal dosages to be administered may be readily determined and will vary with the particular compound used, the mode of administration, the strength of the preparation, and the advancement of the disease condition. In addition, factors 25 associated with the particular subject being treated, including subject age, weight, diet and time of administration, will result in the need to adjust the dose to an appropriate therapeutic level. The above dosages are thus exemplary of the average case. There can, of course, be individual instances where higher or lower dosage ranges are merited, and such are within the scope of this 30 invention. Compounds of this invention may be administered in any of the foregoing compositions and dosage regimens or by means of those compositions and 33 dosage regimens established in the art whenever use of the compounds of the invention as analgesics or anti-pyretics is required for a subject in need thereof. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical or veterinary pack or kit 5 comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the pharmaceutical and veterinary compositions of the invention. Optionally associated with such container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice reflects approval by the 10 agency of manufacture, use or sale for human administration. The compounds of the present invention may be used to treat mild to moderately severe pain in warm-blooded animals such as humans by administration of an analgesically effective dose. The dosage range would be 15 from about 0.01 mg to about 15,000 mg, in particular from about 0.1 mg to about 3500 mg or, more particularly from about 0.1 mg to about 1000 mg of active ingredient in a regimen of about 1 to 4 times per day for an average (70 kg) human; although, it is apparent to one skilled in the art that the therapeutically effective amount for active compounds of the invention will vary 20 as will the types of pain being treated. For oral administration, a pharmaceutical composition is preferably provided in the form of tablets containing, 0.01, 10.0, 50.0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the 25 dosage to the subject to be treated. Examples of pain intended to be within the scope of the present invention include, but are not limited to, inflammatory pain, centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, structural or soft tissue injury related pain, 30 progressive disease related pain, neuropathic pain and acute pain such as caused by acute injury, trauma or surgery and chronic pain such as headache and that caused by neuropathic conditions, post-stroke conditions and migraine. 34 Compounds of the present invention are also useful as immunosuppressants, antiinflammatory agents, agents for the treatment and prevention of neurological and psychiatric conditions, for instance, depression 5 and Parkinson's disease, medicaments for drug and alcohol abuse, agents for treating gastritis and diarrhea, cardiovascular agents and agents for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The compounds of the present invention are also useful in treating pain 10 caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, headache, toothache, bum, sunburn, snake bite (in particular, venomous snake bite), spider bite, insect sting, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, interstitial cystitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis/hypersensitivity, itch, eczema, pharyngitis, mucositis, enteritis, cellulites, causalgia, sciatic neuritis, 15 mandibular joint neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, stump pain, phantom limb pain, post-operative ileus, cholecystitis, postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral neuropathic pain, Charcot's pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, buming-mouth syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, migraine 20 headache, peripheral neuropathy, bilateral peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, optic neuritis, postfebrile neuritis, migrating neuritis, segmental neuritis, Gombault's neuritis, neuronitis, cervicobrachial neuralgia, cranial neuralgia, geniculate neuralgia, glossopharyngial neuralgia, migrainous neuralgia, idiopathic neuralgia, 25 intercostals neuralgia, mammary neuralgia, Morton's neuralgia, nasociliary neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, red neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, splenopalatine neuralgia, supraorbital neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, sinus headache, tension headache, labor, childbirth, menstrual cramps, and cancer. 30 In regard to the use of the present compounds in treatment of the disases or conditions such as those listed above, a therapeutically effective dose can be determined by persons skilled in the art by the use of established animal models. Such a dose would likely fall in the range of from about 0.01 35 mg to about 15,000 mg of active ingredient administered 1 to 4 times per day for an average (70 kg) human. GENERAL SYNTHETIC METHODS 5 Representative compounds of the present invention can be synthesized in accordance with the general synthetic methods described below and are illustrated in the schemes that follow. Since the schemes are an illustration, the invention should not be construed as being limited by the chemical 10 reactions and conditions expressed. The preparation of the various starting materials used in the schemes is well within the skill of persons versed in the art. The preparation of compounds of this invention is illustrated in Schemes 1 and 2. Both schemes proceed with the same overall strategy. In stage 1, an 15 intermediate I is prepared with two benzene rings connected by a linker -Y-. The linker -Y- should be of the form -(CH 2 ),-X- where X may be oxygen or sulfur and n may be zero or one. One benzene ring bears a group, Q, which is a group readily transformable to a carboxylic acid amide. Examples of such Q groups are fluoro, bromo, iodo or trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy. One benzene 20 ring must bear a carboxylic acid ortho to the linker -Y-. The atom X may be attached either to the benzene ring bearing the Q group or the benzene ring lacking the Q group. Schemes 1 and 2 differ in that in scheme 1, the carboxylic acid is on the benzene ring bearing the Q group (1A and 1B ) while in scheme 2 the carboxylic acid function is on the benzene ring which does not 25 bear the group Q (1C, D and E). 36 Scheme I Stage 1-, Monocyclic - R--C-~T I % intermediates Stage 2 R O HOOCa o 2 Stage 3 - oNRR 2

CONR

1

R

2 CONR ii R / F 4 \ CN R 3 0 Stage 4 A, 4 Stage 5 ,A, 5 Stage 6 N N P H

CONR

1

R

2 -A. 6 N

R

3 Scheme 2 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3-6 Monocyclic R 4

-

Q intermediates COOH R OF2 1 0 2 In stage 1 the linker -Y- is constructed between two monocyclic intermediates. For Scheme 1, Stage 1 the bridge may be constructed by 5 nucleophilic aromatic displacement of fluoride from intermediate int 2 (where Q' is an electron withdrawing group, readily convertible to a carboxylic acid, for instance cyano or carbalkoxy) by a phenoxide, thiophenoxide, benzyloxide or thiobenzyloxide, int 1. The 1A compounds are then obtained by hydrolysis with an alkali metal hydroxide. For construction of the bridge of compounds of type 10 1B, a benzyl halide intermediate compound (int 5) is prepared by NBS bromination of the corresponding toluene (int 4). Reaction of int 5 with a phenoxide or thiophenoxide leads to int 6. The I B compound.may be obtained by alkali metal hydroxide hydrolysis of int 6. 37 Scheme 1, Stage 1 - (CH 2 )nX F Q R

(CH

2 )X R4 -- ' (CH 2 )nX Q z+ R4 14 Q1- HOOC Int1 int2 int 3 1A

CH

3 1 Q BrCH 2 N R XCH2 Q XCH2 0 R Q,4 HOOCJ: int 4 int 5 int 6 1B For Scheme 2, Stage 1 in order to prepare IC compounds, a phthalide (int 7) may be caused to react with a phenoxide or thiophenoxide (int 8). For 5 preparation of 1D compounds, the bridge may be constructed by nucleophilic aromatic displacement of fluoride from intermediate int 9 by phenoxides or thiophenoxides (int 8). The 1D compounds are then obtained by hydrolysis of int 10 with an alkali metal hydroxide. For construction of the bridge of compounds of type 1 E, reaction of a benzyl bromide intermediate compound 10 (int 12) with a phenoxide or thiophenoxide (int 11) leads to int 13. The 1E compound may then be obtained by hydrolysis of int 13 with an alkali metal hydroxide. Scheme 2, Stage 1 R4-- o + ~X Qcr- 0 -Q R4- + int" 8 -- R -- - RI int 9 it10 02 0 COOH int 7 Int n1 + int 8 R' R4,1Y R3 int 9 C0 2 H MHtO iD XBrCH2 a H Q ~XCH2~I~o R-~}~ Intl 11Intl12 Intl13 1 E 38 Following Stage 1, the schemes merge. In Stage 2 compounds 1 are converted by cycloacylation to ketones 2, using, for instance, BF 3 Et 2

O

trifluoroacetic acid or polyphosphoric acid. Alternatively the cyclization may be effected by converting acid I to an acid chloride, for instance with thionyl 5 chloride, followed by Friedel-Crafts ring closure in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as aluminum chloride. In addition, Stages 1 and 2 may be performed in reverse to give compounds 2 that are ready to enter Stage 3. For instance, cycloacylation between a methyl ether (int 14) and an appropriately substituted acid chloride 10 provides the ketone (int 16) which has been simultaneously demethylated under the Friedel-Crafts reaction conditions. Subsequent formation of the bridge -Y- via a nucleophilic aromatic displacement gives compounds 2 ready to enter Stage 3. Scheme 3, Stages 1 and 2

(CH

2 )nX-H (cH2)nX-Me o R -- + cl R4 2 O F 0 F int 14 int 15 Int 16 15 In stage 3, the Q function of compounds 2 is converted into carboxylic acid amide group to give compounds of formula 3. This may be accomplished by first conversion to an ester by alkoxycarbonylation, for instance, with carbon monoxide, an aliphatic alcohol, a trialkanyl amine and a palladium catalyst such as bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II)dichlorde. The ester may be 20 hydrolyzed to an acid and finally converted to a primary, secondary or tertiary amide by a coupling reaction with ammonia, a primary amine, or a secondary amine. The conversion of acid to amide may be carried out by first conversion to an acid chloride, for instance, using thionyl chloride, followed by Schotten Baumann reaction using ammonia or an amine and alkali metal hydroxide. 25 Alternatively, the ester may be converted directly to the amide by the action of a dimethylaluminum amide. Instead of proceeding to compounds 3 via an ester, one may effect the transformation of the group Q into a carboxylic acid amide by way of a nitrile. Synthesis of the nitrile may be accomplished by treatment of the compounds 2 with Zn(CN) 2 and a palladium catalyst such as 39 (Ph 3

P)

4 Pd or by treatment of the compounds 2 with CuCN at elevated temperature. The nitrile is hydrolyzed using an alkali metal hydroxide yielding the same acid as derived from the ester. To perform stage 4, a 4-piperidinylidene or 8-tropanylidene function is 5 attached to the tricyclic system, replacing the ketone to give compounds of type 4 (in the piperidinylidene case the function -A- does not exist while in the tropanylidene case it represents -(CH 2

)

2 -). This operation may be carried out by McMurray condensation of ketones 3 with 4-piperidinones or 8-tropinones brought about by a lower valent titanium reagent such as the reagent obtained 10 from addition of titanium tetrachloride to zinc dust. Alternatively, a 4-piperidinyl magnesium halide or 8-tropanylidenylmagnesium halide may be added to ketone to afford carbinols. Dehydration of such carbinols with acidic reagents such as formic acid, sulfuric acid or trifluoroacetic acid gives rise to compounds of type 4. 15 If desired, the operation of stages 3 and 4 may be carried out in reverse order. As illustrated in Schemes 1 and 2, the nitrogen atoms of compounds 4 bear a group P. This group may be an alkanyl, alkenyl or aralkanyl in which case they are the therapeutically useful products of this invention. The group P 20 may also be alkoxycarbonyl or aralkoxycarbonyl. The latter groupings can be converted to secondary amines 5 as illustrated for Stage 5. These transformations may be carried out using certain acidic reagents such as hydrogen bromide or trimethylsilyl iodide. Compounds of type 4 bearing readily cleavable groups such as methyl, allyl or benzyl may be transformed into the 25 aforementioned alkoxycarbonyl derivatives by treatment with alkanylchloro formates such as ethyl chloroformate or 1-choroethyl chloroformate and thus serve as sources of compounds 5. Finally the secondary amines 5 may be converted to any desired end product of the invention 6 as shown in Stage 6. These transformations may be 30 carried out by reductive alkylation using a carbonyl compound and a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. They may also be carried out by alkyation using a alkanyl, alkenyl or arakyl halide and an organic or inorganic base. 40 Desired end products of the present invention may include chemical modifications at R 4 . Such transformations may include the dealkylation of lower alkyl ethers to give the corresponding alcohols using reagents such as boron trihalides. Compounds where R 4 is a halogen atom may participate in 5 transition metal-mediated coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Stille or Negishi chemistry. The compounds wherein the bridge -A- is -(CH 2

)

2 - are chiral. They may be separated into their enantiomers by chromatography on a chiral stationary phase following Stages 4, 5, or 6. Alternatively, the basic 10 compounds of types 4, 5, and 6 may be converted to diastereomeric salts by mixture with a chiral acid and resolved into their enantiomers by fractional crystallization. It is generally preferred that the respective product of each process step 15 be separated from other components of the reaction mixture and subjected to purification before its use as a starting material in a subsequent step. Separation techniques typically include evaporation, extraction, precipitation and filtration. Purification techniques typically include column chromatography (Still, W. C. et. al., J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2921), thin-layer chromatography, 20 crystallization and. distillation. The structures of the final products, intermediates and starting materials are confirmed by spectroscopic, spectrometric and analytical methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the descriptions for the preparation of compounds of this invention, ethyl ether, 25 tetrahydrofuran and dioxane are common examples of an ethereal solvent; benzene, toluene, hexanes and cyclohexane are typical hydrocarbon solvents and dichloromethane and dichloroethane are representative halogenhydrocarbon solvents. In those cases where the product is isolated as the acid addition salt the free base may be obtained by techniques known to 30 those skilled in the art. In those cases in which the product is isolated as an acid addition salt, the salt may contain one or more equivalents of the acid. Enantiomers of the compounds of the present invention may be 41 separated using chiral HPLC. Representative compounds of the present invention can be synthesized in accordance with the general synthetic methods described above and are 5 illustrated more particularly in the schemes that follow. Since the schemes are illustrations, the invention should not be construed as being limited by the chemical reactions and conditions expressed. The preparation of the various starting materials used in the schemes is well within the skill of persons versed in the art. 10 EXAMPLES Example A Br F NaH, phenol Br 0 1) NaOH, EtOH,, Br l-O 1) (CF 3

CO)

2 0, 0*C CN DMF / 2) HCI 2) BFa-OEt 2 1a 2a Br ,N PdC3 2 (PPh 3

)

2 , CO MeO 2 C 1) NaOH, Et0H, C 0 I - 2:1 MeOH/ DMF, 2) H I o 3a O O, 0 5a 0 N 1) Zn(O), 5*C,THF R1 N O 1) SOCl2,_ ,R1 0 2) TIC1 4 I 2) NHR 1

R

2 , NaOH, R2 3) 0

CH

2

CI

2

R

2 0 6a N V8a 0 2 Et N CO2Et 0 O 30 %HBr, AcOH , NaBH(OAc)3, CH2Cl2 R1 0 AcOH, 80*C R 2 / / 3-furaldehyde, rt R 2 loa N 12a H 15 0 Procedure 1 42 4-Bromo-2-phenoxy-benzonitrile, Ia Sodium hydride (12 g, 300 mmol) (60% by wt) was weighed into a flask and washed free of oil with several hexane rinsings. The hexanes were 5 decanted and discarded and DMF was added to the flask. A DMF-solution of phenol (23.5 g, 250 mmol in 100 mL DMF) was added dropwise to the NaH mixture and stirred at room temperature. To the phenoxide was added a solution of 4-bromo-2-fluoro-benzonitrile (50 g, 250 mmol in 100 mL DMF), dropwise. Upon complete addition, the reaction was refluxed for 20 h. The 10 reaction was cooled to room temperature, and poured into cold 1 N NaOH. A fine, tan precipitate formed and was collected by vacuum filtration to give 62.04 g (226 mmol) of Compound Ia. MS rm/z (MH*) 277. Procedure 2 15 4-Bromo-2-phenoxy-benzolc acid, 2a 4-Bromo-2-phenoxy-benzonitrile (35.3 g, 129 mmol) was added to 130 mL EtOH, followed by the addition of 340 mL of 20 % NaOH (aq). The reaction was heated to reflux for 20 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature 20 and poured into 6 N HCI to form a precipitate. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration and dissolved in 3:1 THF-ethyl ether and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated. The solids were dried in a vacuum oven at 60 0 C overnight to give 35.1 g (128 mmol) of the desired product. MS m/z (MH*) 292. 25 Procedure 3 3-Bromo-xanthen-9-one, 3a To a suspension of 4-bromo-2-phenoxy-benzoic acid (35.1 g, 120 mmol) 30 in CH 2 Cl 2 (350 mL) at 0*C was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (20.3 mL, 144 mmol), dropwise, and the reaction was stirred for 15 min. At that time, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (1.46 mL, 12.0 mmol) was added, dropwise. The reaction became homogeneous upon stirring for I h at room temperature. 43 Upon completion, the reaction was poured into 1 N NaOH, and the organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give Compound 3a (32.14 g, 116 mmol). MS m/z (MH*) 275. 5 Procedure 4 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 4a A sample of Compound 3a (20 g, 72.2 mmol) was dissolved in a 2:1 MeOH/ DMF solution (600 mL). To this solution was added triethylamine (40 10 mL, 290 mmol) and the solution was degassed with Argon. To this was added dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) (2.0 g, 2.85 mmol), and the reaction was transferred to a bomb and charged with 150 psi of CO (g). The reaction was stirred at 90 0 C for 24 h. Upon completion, the reaction was cooled to 400C and CH 2

CI

2 was added. The reaction was filtered while warm 15 and evaporated to provide the crude product. Recrystallization from ethanol gave 16.62 g (65.4 mmol) of Compound 4a. MS m/z (MH*) 255. Procedure 5 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid, 5a 20 A sample of 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, compound 4a, (16.6 g, 65.3 mmol) was suspended in 250 mL of 3 N NaOH and 250 mL of EtOH and heated to reflux for 1 h. At that time the EtOH was evaporated and the reaction was poured into 6 N HCI over ice and extracted 25 with large volumes of 1:1 THF/ diethyl ether. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to provide 13.35 g of Compound 5a (55.6 mmol) after drying in a vacuum oven at 50"C ovemight. 30 Procedure 6 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 6a A sample of compound 5a, (13.4 g, 55.6 mmol) was suspended in 220 44 mL CH 2 Cl 2 and 24.4 mL (330 mmol) of thionyl chloride was added. The mixture was refluxed over 6 h, adding approximately 10 mL of additional thionyl chloride per hour until the reaction became homogeneous. At that time, the thionyl chloride and solvent were removed under vacuum and the remaining 5 residue was diluted with an additional 220 mL CH 2

CI

2 . To the suspension was added 100 mL ice cold 1.5 N NaOH, 100 mL CH 2

CI

2 , and 17 mL (166 mmol) diethyl amine. After stirring for 15 min at room temperature, the phases were separated, and the organic phase was washed with HCI and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield Compound 6a (14.7 g, 10 49.8 mmol). MS m/z (MH*) 296. 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide, 7a Following Procedure 6, substituting ethylamine for diethylamine, 15 compound 6a was converted into its monoethyl amide. MS m/z (MH*) 267.9. Procedure 7 3-(3-Diethylcarbamoyl-xanthen-9-ylidene)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1] octane-8 carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 8a 20 A suspension of zinc metal dust (24.2 g, 370 mmol) in THF (325 mL) under Argon at 5*C was treated with titanium (IV) tetrachloride (20.3 mL, 180 mmol), dropwise. The reaction was then refluxed for 2 h. The heat was removed and a solution of compound 6a (13.69, 46 mmol), and N 25 carbethoxynortropinone (9.21 g, 46 mmol) in 100 mL THF was added dropwise. The reaction was refluxed for another 2 h. At that time the reaction was cooled and added to excess potassium carbonate in ice water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc and the combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to give 22 g 30 of a gum. This crude product was chromatographed using 1:1 EtOAc/ hexanes to provide 17 g (36.9 mmol) of Compound 8a. MS m/z (MH*) 461.8. 9-(8-Phenethyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3 45 carboxylic acid ethylamide, 9a The title compound was synthesized following Procedure 7, substituting compound 7a for compound 6a and substituting N-phenethyl-4-tropinone for 5 carbethoxynortropinone. MS m/z= 465.1 (M+1); 'H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO-d 6 ) 8 1.1 (t, 3H), 1.3 (m, 2H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 2.5 (q, 2H), 3.0-3.4 (m, 8H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 7.1-7.7 (m, I IH), 8.5 (m, 1 H). Procedure 8 10 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 10a A sample of compound 8a (16.0 g, 34.8 mmol) was dissolved in 35 mL acetic acid and 100 mL of 30 % HBr in acetic acid was added to the reaction 15 under Argon before heating on a steam bath for 1 h. The reaction was cooled, added to ice cold NaOH and extracted with CH 2

CI

2 . The combined organics were washed with brine and dried over potassium carbonate. Evaporation of the solvent provided 12 g of crude Compound 10a, which was purified by column chromatography with 7% 2 N NH 3 in methanol/ 93 % CH 2 Cl2. to give 20 7.66 g (19.7 mmol) of Compound 10a. MS m/z= 389.3 (M+1); 'H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 8 1.1-1.4 (m, 6H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.7-3.0 (m, 4H), 3.4 (br s, 4H), 3.5 3.7 (m, 4H), 7.0-7.3 (m, 7H). 25 9-(8-Methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]oct-3-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 11a Following Procedure 7 and substituting tropinone for N carbethoxynortropinone, compound 6a was converted to the title compound. 30 MS m/z- 403.2 (M+1); 'H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 1.2 (br s, 6H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.5 (s, 3H), 2.8 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 3.4 (br s, 2H), 3.6 (m, 4H), 7.0-7.3 (m, 7H). 46 Procedure 9 9-(8-Furan-3-ylmethyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3 carboxylic acid diethylamide, 12a 5 To a sample of compound 10a (0.65 g, 1.7 mmol) dissolved in 20 mL

CH

2

CI

2 was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.53 g, 2.5 mmol) and 3 furaldehyde (0.17 mL, 2.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The reaction was diluted with 10 mL CH 2

CI

2 and washed 10 with 1 N NaOH. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography, eluting with 5 % 0.5 M NH 3 in methanol/ CH 2

CI

2 to give Compound 12a (0.25 g, 0.53 mmol). MS m/z= 469.0 (M+1); 1 H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO-d 6 ) 8 1.1 (br s, 6H), 1.35 (m, 2H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 3.2 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 15 3.85 (br s, 2H), 4.05 (d, 2H), 6.8 (s, IH), 7.1-7.5 (m, 7H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.9 (s, 1 H). Procedure 10 9-[8-(Methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-ylidene]-9H 20 xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 13a A solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (1.4 g, 7.5 mmol) in 20 mL water was added to a stirred solution of (methylthio)acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (1.0 mL, 7.5 mmol) in 15 mL CH 2 Cl 2 and the reaction was vigorously 25 stirred for 4 h. The aqueous phase was separated and saturated with NaCl, then extracted with CH 2

CI

2 . The organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and then with brine. The extracts were then dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. To the filtrate was added compound 10a (0.060 g, 0.15 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.040 g, 0.19 mmol) 30 and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was washed with 1 M NaOH and the organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate. The solution was concentrated and purified on silica gel using flash chromatography. The product eluted with 10% 0.5 M NH 3 in methanol/ CH 2

CI

2 47 and was concentrated. Trituration from chloroform and diethyl ether provided pure Compound 13a (0.040 g. 0.086 mmol). MS m/z= 463.8 (M+1). 5 Procedure 11 9-(8-AllyI-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 14a To a sample of compound 10a (0.37 g, 0.95 mmol) in 6 mL acetonitrile 10 - was added potassium carbonate (0.53 g, 3.81 mmol) and allyl bromide (80 pL, 0.95 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 15 10 % 0.5.M NH 3 in methanol/ CH 2 Cl2.to yield.0.11 g (0.25 mmol) of Compound .14a. The product was converted into its HCI salt using ethereal hydrogen chloride. MS m/z= 429.0 (M+1); 'H NMR 300 MHz (CDC 3 ) 8 1.1-1.4 (m, 6H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.3 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 3.4 (m, 2H), 3.6 (m, 4H), 4.0 (m, 2H), 4.4 (m, 2H), 4.7 (m, 2H), 5.5-5.9 (m, 4H), 6.3 (m, 2H), 7.1-7.4 (m, 7H). 20 9-[8-(2-Methoxy-ethyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-ylidene]-9H-xanthene-3 carboxylic acid diethylamide, 15a Following Procedure 11 and substituting 3 equivalents of 2-bromoethyl 25 methyl ether for allyl bromide, compound 10a was converted to title compound 15a. The product was converted into its HCI salt using ethereal hydrogen chloride. MS m/z= 447.4 (M+1); 'H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 6 1.0-1.2 (m, 6H), 1.3 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 3.1-3.2 (m, 2H), 3.3 (s, 3H), 3.4 (m, 2H), 3.6 (m, 4H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 4.0 (m, 2H), 7.1-7.4 (m, 7H). 30 48 Example B 0 R1sN 0 R2 NaBH(OAc) 3 , CH 2

CI

2 phenylacetaldehyde, rt N 8b 0 0 1) Zn(O), 5*C,THF R1s.N 0 R1 2 0

TC

4

R

2 - 2 Sa 1b NoN

R

1

=R

2 =Et R 0 H N 2 Toluene, reflux N 11b H>~ 0 O R1 0 N R1 0

R

2 ) Methyl tosylate R 2 2 ) A n ilin e , 8 0 ' - ' N 11b N 12b H H -HN 5 9-Piperidin-4-ylidene-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, fumarate lb Following Procedure 7, substituting N-Boc-piperidone for N 10 carbethoxynortropinone, the Compound Ib was synthesized in one step from 49 compound 6a with the simultaneous removal of the Boc-protecting group. Purification was performed on silica gel using flash chromatography. The product eluted with 10 % 2 N NH 3 in methanol/ CH 2

CI

2 . A fumarate salt was prepared from 2-PrOH. MS m/z (MH*) 363.2; 'H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO-d 6 ) S 5 1.1 (br s, 6H), 2.8 (m, 4H), 2.95 (m, 4H), 3.3, 3.4 (br s, 4H), 6.4 (s, 2H) 7.1-7.5 (m, 7H). 9-Piperidin-4-ylidene-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide, 2b 10 Following Procedure 7, substituting compound 7a for compound 6a and substituting N-Boc-piperidone for N-carbethoxynortropinone, the title compound 2b was synthesized. MS m/z (MH*) 334.8. 9-(1- Furan-3-ylmethyl-piperidIn-4-ylldene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid 15 diethylamide, Hydrochloride 3b Following Procedure 9, compound lb was converted to the title compound 3b. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3% methanol/ CH 2 Cl 2 to yield the product. A 20 hydrochloride salt was prepared from Et 2 0/HCI. MS m/z (MH*) 363.2; 1 H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO-d 6 ) 8 1.2 (br d, 6H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 3.3-3.6 (m, 10H), 4.0 (s, 2H), 6.8 (s, IH) 7.1-7.3 (m, 7H), 7.5 (s, 1H), 7.7 (s, 1H), 13.1 (s, 1H). Procedure 12 25 9-(1 -Carbamimidoyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 4b A solution of compound 2b, (0.025 g, 0.069 mmol) and c (0.015 g, 0.36 mmol) were refluxed in 4 mL water. After 3 h, the reaction was 50% complete. 30 Additional cyanamide was added and the mixture was heated for an additional 24 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under vacuum. Purification of the crude material was performed by HPLC, 15-70 % 50 acetonitrile/water/ 0.1 % TFA. The TFA salt of Compound 4b was isolated (1.4 mg, 3.5 pmol). MS m/z= 405.1 (M+1); 1H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO-d 6 ) S 1.1 (br s, 6H), 2.8 (m, 4H), 3.2 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 6H), 7.1-7.5 (m, 7H). 5 9-(Ra-piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 5b 8b Following Procedure 9, substituting the appropriate aldehyde for 3 furaldehyde, the following compounds were prepared: 10 Ex # Aldehyde R 3 MS m/z (MH*) 5b 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde Pyridin-2-yl methyl 454.5 6b salicylaldehyde 2-Hydroxy benzyl 469.2 15 7b formalin Methyl 377.26 8b phenylacetaldehyde Phenethyl 467.33 9-(1-Prop-2-ynyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide Hydrochloride, 9b 20 Following Procedure 11, substituting propargyl bromide for allyl bromide, compound lb was refluxed for 12 h in acetonitrile. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 3% methanol/ CH 2

CI

2 , and then converted to its hydrochloride salt with ethereal 25 hydrogen chloride. MS m/z (MH*) 401.4; 1 H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 8 1.2 (br d, 6H), 2.6 (s, 1H),2.9 (m, 2H) 3.1-3.6 (m, 1OH), 3.9 (s, 2H),) 7.15-7.3 (m, 7H), 13.5 (s, IH). 9-[1 -(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-piperidin-4-ylldene]-9H-xanthene-3-carboxyl ic acid 30 diethylamide, 10b Following Procedure 11, substituting 2-iodo-ethanol for allyl bromide, the title compound was prepared from compound 1b. MS m/z (MH*) 407.0; 1 H 51 NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 8 1.2 (br d, 6H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.8 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 3.2-3.8 (m, 8H), 4.0 (m, 2H), 4.8 (m, IH), 7.15-7.3 (m, 7H). Procedure 13 5 9-(1-Thioformyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 11 b A sample of compound 1b (0.77 g, 2.1 mmol) was refluxed in 2 mL toluene with N,N-dimethyl-thioformamide (0.36 mL, 4.24 mmol) for 5 h. The 10 crude product was purified on a flash column through silica gel, eluting with 45% ethyl acetate in hexanes to yield 0.66 g (1.6 mmol) of Compound 11b. Two rotamers were observed by 1 H-NMR. MS m/z (MH*) 406.9. 1 H NMR 300 MHz (CDC 3 ) 6 1.2 (br d, 6H), 2.9 (m, 3H), 3.3 (m, 2H) 3.4-3.7 (m, 3H), 3.9 (m, 2H), 7.1-7.4 (m, 7H), 9.3 (s, 1H). 15 Procedure 14 9-(1 -Phenyliminomethyl -piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 12b 20 A sample of compound 11b (0.1 g, 0.25 mmol) in I mL of chloroform was placed in a pressure tube and treated with methyl tosylate (0.037 mL, 0.25 mmol) . The reaction was heated for 1 h on a steam bath. At that time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and aniline (0.023 mL, 0.25 mmol) was added, and the reaction was heated again on a steam bath for another 2 25 h. After 2 h, the reaction was cooled, washed with 1 N NaOH, and evaporated. Flash chromatography on silica gel was used to purify the crude material, eluting the product with 5% methanol/ CH 2

CI

2 , followed by conversion to its hydrochloride salt with ethereal hydrogen chloride (0.004 g, 0.009 mmol). MS m/z (MH*) 466.3. 'H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 8 1.2 (br s, 6H), 3.1 (m, 4H), 3.3 30 (d, 2H) 3.4-3.8(m, 4H), 4.3 (s, 2H),) 7.1-7.4 (m, 1OH), 7.7 (s, 2H), 8.0 (s, 1H), 13.6 (s, 1H) . 9-(1-AllyI-piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 52 13b Following Procedure 11, and substituting compound 1b for Compound 1Oa, Compound lb was converted to the title compound 13b. MS m/z (MH*) 5 403.3 1 H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 8 1.2 (br d, 6H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 3.1-3.7(m, 12H), 5.4 (m, 2H),) 6.2 (m, 1H), 7.1-7.3 (m, 7H). Example C Br 0O O NaH, m-Br-phenol 02H 1) (CF 3

CO)

2 0, O'C Br DMF k 6 KC02 2) BF 3 -OEt 2 B 1C 0 2c PdC 2 (PPh 3

)

2 , CO 1) NaOH, EtOHC 2,1 MeOH/ DMF, /\Co 2 MOi 2)NaOHIt CH,02H NEt 3 , 90-C 0 )C ~/\c 2 3c O U 4c O 1) Zn(O), 5*C,THF 1) SOC1 2 0 2) TIC1 4 0 O 2) NHRIR 2 , NaOH, 4 / \ 3) O

CH

2 Cl 2 0 5 N-R 1 jc N-R 1 N B Me N Me Trchloroethyl O 0 0 chloroformate / \ Zn, AcOH N 'N-R 1 - N-R

R

2

NH

2 8c N 7c N GI N O0 C1 CI NaBH(OAc) 3 , CH 2

CI

2 O 0 0 -- N-R <A H

R

2 N 10 0 53 Procedure 15 2-(3-Bromo-phenoxymethyl)-benzoic acid, 1c 5 A solution m-bromo-phenol (9.4 mL, 0.100 mmol) in 25 mL THF was added dropwise to sodium hydride (4.0 g, 0.10 mmol) from which the oil had been washed with hexanes. When the bubbling had stopped, the solvent was evaporated and phthalide (13 g, 0.1 mmol) was added. The reaction was 10 heated to 200 0 C in an oil bath for 1 h. The reaction was cooled, diluted with water, washed with ethyl ether, and acidified with HCI. The solid was collected and air-dried to yield 22.3 g (72.9 mmol) of Compound 1c. MS m/z 305.31 (M H). 15 3-Bromo-6H-dibenzo[b,e]oxepin- 1-one, 2c Compound Ic (22.3 g, 72.6 mmol) was converted to the title compound 2c (15.2 g, 52.3 mmol) using an adaptation of Procedure 3. MS mlz (MH*) 289. 20 11 -Oxo-6,1 1 -dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 3c A sample of compound 2c (5.0 g, 17 mmol) was converted into the 25 desired methyl ester (3.0 g, 11.2 mmol) using an adaptation of Procedure 4. 11 -Oxo-6,1 1 -dihydro-dibenzo[be]oxepine-3-carboxylic acid, 4c A sample of compound 3c (6.0 g, 22 mmol) was converted to the 30 corresponding carboxylic acid (5.5 g, 21.6 mmol) using an adaptation of Procedure 5. 11 -Oxo-6,1 I -dihydro-dibenzo[be]oxepine-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 54 5c A sample of compound 4c (5.5 g, 21.6 mmol) was converted to its corresponding diethylamide (4.28 g, 13.8 mmol) following an adaptation of 5 Procedure 6. 11-(1 -Methyl-piperldin-4-ylldene)-6,11-dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3 carboxylic acid diethylamide, 0.5 Fumarate, 6c 10 A sample of compound 5c was converted to the title compound following Procedure 7, substituting compound 5c (3.85 g, 12.5 mmol) for compound 6a and substituting N-methyl-piperidone for N-carbethoxynortropinone. The reaction yielded 2.5 g (6.4 mmol) of Compound 6c. MS m/z (MH*) 391.28; 1 H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO) 8 1.0 (br s, 6H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 3.1-3.7(m, 12H), 5.4 (m, 15 2H),) 6.2 (m, 1H), 7.1-7.3 (m, 7H). Procedure 16 4-(3-Diethylcarbamoyl-6H-dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-1 1 -ylidene)-piperidine-1 carboxylic acid 2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl ester, 7c 20 A sample of compound 6c (2.58 g, 6.41 mmol), trichloroethyl chloroformate (1.33 mL, 9.7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.34 g, 24.2 mmol) were refluxed for 3.5 h in benzene. An additional 4 mL of trichloroethyl chloroformate was added and the reaction was refluxed for another hour. Dimethyl aminopropylamine (5 mL) was added, and the reaction went to 25 completion. The mixture was extracted with 2 N HCI, washed with brine, and the organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and then evaporated. The crude product was recrystallized from acetone/ hexane to give 2 g (3.6 mmol) of Compound 7c. MS m/z (MH*) 551.31. 30 Procedure 17 11 -Piperidin-4-ylidene-6,1 1 -dihydro-dibenzo{b,e]oxepin-1 1-ylidene 55 piperidine-1-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 8c A sample of compound 7c (1.75 g, 3.17 mmol) and zinc (1.51 g, 23.1 mmol) was stirred in acetic acid (17.5 mL) at room temperature. The resulting 5 solids were collected by filtration and washed with additional acetic acid. The filtrate was concentrated, partitioned between NaOH and CH 2

CI

2 . The organic phase was collected and dried over potassium carbonate, and evaporated. The crude product was recrystallized from acetonitrile to give Compound 8c (1.2 g, 3.2 mmol). MS m/z (MH*) 377.28; 1 H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) S 1.2 (br 10 d, 6H), 2.3 (m, 2H), 2.4-3.1 (m, 6H) 3.4(br d, 4H), 4.8 (d, 1H),) 5.8 (d, 1H) 6.8(d, 1H), 7.0 (m, 1H), 7.1 (d, IH), 7.2-7.4 (m, 4H). 11 -(1 -Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-plperidin-4-ylidene)-6,1 1 -dihydro dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide Hydrochloride, 9c 15 Following Procedure 9, substituting benzo[1,3]dioxole-5-carbaldehyde for 3-furaldehyde and compound 8c for compound 10a, the title compound was prepared. The crude product was converted into its HCI salt using ethereal hydrogen chloride. MS m/z (MH*) 511.34; 1 H NMR 300 MHz (CDC1 3 ) 8 1.2 (br 20 d, 6H), 2.3-2.7 (m,12 H),2.4-3.1 (m, 6H) , 4.05(s, 2H), 4.8 (d, 1 H),) 5.7 (d, 1 H) 6.8-7.4(m, 10H). 11-(1-Phenylethylpiperdin-4-ylidene)-6,11-dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3 caroboxylic diethylamide Hydrochloride 10c 25 Following Procedure 9, compound 8c was converted to the title compound, substituting phenylacetaldehyde for 3-furaldehyde, and compound 8c for compound 10a. The crude product was converted into its HCI salt using ethereal hydrogen chloride. MS m/z (MH*) 481.35; 1H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 30 8 1.2 (br d, 6H), 2.3-2.7 (m,12 H),2.4-3.7 (m, 16H) , 4.8 (d, 1H), 5.7 (d, IH), 6.8-7.4 (m, 12H). 56 11 -Oxo-6,1 1 -dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide, 11c Following an adaptation of Procedure 6, substituting ethylamine for 5 diethylamine, compound 4c was converted into its monoethyl amide. 11 -(8-Phenethyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene)-6,1 1 -dihydro dibenzo[b,eloxepine-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide, 12c .10 A sample of compound 11c was converted to the title compound following Procedure 7, substituting compound 11c for compound 6a and substituting N-phenethyl-4-tropinone for N-carbethoxynortropinone. The title compound was isolated as its TFA salt. MS m/z 479.1 (M+1); 'H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO-d 6 ) 8 1.1 (t, 3H), 1.35 (m, 1 H), 1.8 (m, 1 H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 15 2H), 2.8 (dd, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 3.75 (m, 2H), 4.1 (m, 2H), 5.0 (m, 1 H), 5.7 (m, 1 H), 7.0-7.7 (m, 11 H), 8.4 (7, 1 H), 10.0 (br s, 1 H). 11 -(1 -Ally-piperidin-4-ylidene)-6,1 I -dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3 carboxylic acid diethylamide, 13c 20 Following Procedure 11, substituting compound 8c for compound 10a, the title compound was prepared. MS m/z (MH*) 417.33; 'H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 5 1.2 (br d, 6H), 2.4 (m,1H), 2.6 (n, IH), 2.8 (m, 2H), 3.0-3.8 (m, 10H), 4.8 (d, 1H), 5.3-5.7 (m, 3H), 6.2 (m, 1H), 6.8-7.4(m, 7H). 25 57 Example D (Grignard method) Br Mg, CH 2 Br 2 ,BrI

HCO

2 H Br 0 HO 2c N 1d 2d Me N N Me Me 0 o PdCl2(PPh 3

)

2 , CO

CO

2 Me 1) NaOH, EtO CO2H 2:1 MeOH/ DMF, / - 2) HCI NEt 3 , 90"C 3d 4d N N Me me O Trichloroethyl N 1) SOCl2,# chloroformate 2) NHR 1

R

2 , NaOH, - N-Ri N N-R 1

CH

2 C1 2 R R C5d NH2 6d N N me O- O C1 N 0 Zn, AcOH \ NaBH(OAc) 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 O -- N-R 1 H - N-R R2 |7 9R 2 N 7d N 15d H 5 Procedure 18 3-Bromo-1 1 -(1 -methyl-piperdin-4-yl)-6,11 -dihydro-dibenzo[be]oxepin-1 1 ol, 1d 10 A sample of 4-chloro-1-methyl-piperidine hydrochloride salt was basified with KOH and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was distilled from CaH 2 at 50*C at I mmHg. 58 Magnesium turnings (3.42 g, 143 mmol) were suspended in 15 mL of dry THF under nitrogen. To this was added CH 2 Br 2 (1.25 mL, 14.5 mmol) and a vigorous reaction was observed. The reaction was heated to reflux, and 4 chloro-1-methyl-piperidine (21 mL, 128 mmol) was added. The reaction was 5 refluxed for 1 h. The reaction was allowed to cool, and the supernatant was transferred via cannula to a stirring solution of compound 2c (8 g, 128 mmol) in THF at room temperature. The slurry was rinsed with 2 x 20 mL THF and the supernatant was transferred. At that time, all of the starting ketone had been consumed. To the reaction was added saturated sodium bicarbonate, and the 10 mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product Compound Id was used without further purification. MS m/z (MH*) 388.14. Procedure 19 15 4-(3-Bromo-6H-dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-ylidene)-1-methyl-piperidine, 2d A solution of compound Id (9.53 g, 24.6 mmol) in 50 mL formic acid was heated to reflux for 5 h. The reaction was concentrated, diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed with 3 N HCI, then with 3 N KOH to give compound 2d 20 (9.0 g). MS m/z (MH*) 370.0. 11 -(1 -Methyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-6,1 1 -dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3 carboxylic acid methyl ester, 3d 25 The title compound 3d was synthesized using an adaptation of Procedure 4. MS m/z (MH*) 350.2. 11 -(1 -Methyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-6,1 I -dlhydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3 30 carboxylic acid, 4d The title compound 4d was synthesized from compound 3d using an adaptation of Procedure 5. 59 11 -(1 -Methyl-piperidin-4-ylidene).6,1 1 -dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxeplne-3 carboxylic acid ethylamide, 5d 5 The title compound was synthesized from compound 4d using an adaptation of Procedure 6, substituting ethylamine for diethylamine. MS m/z (MH*) 363.0. 4-(3-Ethylcarbamoyl-6H-dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11 -ylidene)-piperldine-1 10 carboxylic acid 2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl ester, 6d The title compound was synthesized from compound 5d using an adaptation of Procedure 16. MS m/z (MH*) 523.0. 15 11-Piperidin-4-ylidene-6,11-dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide, 7d Compound 6d was converted to the title compound using an adaptation of Procedure 17. MS m/z (MH*) 349.0. 20 Following Procedure 9, compound 7d was converted into the following series of compounds, substituting the appropriate aldehyde for 3-furaldehyde: Ex # Aldehyde R 3 MSmI/z 25 (MH*) 8d 4-Methyl-but-3-enal 2-Methyl-but-2-ene 417.1 9d Thiophene-2-carbaldehyde Thiophen-2-yl methyl 445.1 10d 2-Methyl-propenal 2-Methyl-allyl 403.1 lid Cyclopropanecarbaldehyde Cyclopropylmethyl 403.1 30 12d 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde Pyridin-2-yl methyl 440.1 13d 1H-Imidazole-4-carbaldehyde 1H-Imidazol-4-yl methyl 429.1 14d 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy- 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde phenylmethyl 485.1 60 15d Phenyl-acetaldehyde Phenethyl 453.2 11 -(1-Allyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-6,1 1-dihydro-dibenzo[b,e]oxepine-3 carboxylic acid ethylamide, 16d 5 Following Procedure 11, substituting compound 7d for compound 10a, the title compound 16d was prepared. MS m/z (MH*) 389.1. 10 Example E (McMurry on bromide) Br O 1) Zri(O), 5*C,THF Br 0 PdC 2 (PPh 3

)

2 , CO 2) TiC 4 P 3) O 2:1 MeOHI DMF, O 3a le NEt 3 , 90*C N Me N Me Me 2 C 01) NaOH, EtOH,H 1) SOC2, 2) HCI 2) NHR 1

R

2 , NaOH,

CH

2

CI

2 2e 3e R 1

=R

2 =Et N N Me Me 0 N O 7b N Me 15 61 4-(3-Bromo-xanthen-9-ylidene)-1-methyl-piperidine, 1e Compound 3a was converted into the title compound 1e following an adaptation of Procedure 7, substituting compound 3a for compound 6a and 5 substituting N-Methyl-piperidone for N-carbethoxynortropinone. MS m/z (MH*) 356. 9-(1-Methyl -piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 2e 10 Compound 1e was converted into its methyl ester 2e by an adaptation of Procedure 4. MS m/z (MH*) 336.1. 9-(1 -Methyl-piperidin-4-ylcidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid, 3e 15 Compound 2e was converted into the corresponding carboxylic acid compound 3e by an adaptation of Procedure 5. MS m/z (MH*) 321.1. 9-(I-Methyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxyl Ic acid 20 diethylamide, 7b Compound 3e was converted into the title diethylamide, compound 7b, using an adaptation of Procedure 6. 25 62 Example F Br NaH, N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl) -acetamide, DMF, AcHN / Br 1) NaOH, EtOH,0 NC I:. 2) HI F NC if

H

2 N Br 1) AcCI, TEA AcHN O Br 1) (CF 3

CO)

2 0, 0*C H02C 2f H 2) BF 3 -OEt 2

HO

2 C 3 O Br PdCI 2 (PPh 3

)

2 , CO O CO 2 Me 0 1) NaOH, EtOH,# AcHN 2:1 MeOH/ DMF, AcHN 2) HC1 o 4f NEt 3 , 9000 O 5C AcHN I _____ N N NMC 2 r AH6f

NHRR

2 , DIEA AcHN R 1f Mg C2 O Trifluoromethane O N N NR1 sulfonic acid O N'R1 AcHN HO AcHN HOr 8f 9f N N Me Me 5 N-[4-(5-Bromo-2-cyano-phenoxy)-phenyl]-acetamide, If Compound 1f was synthesized by that described for the synthesis of Compound 1a in Procedure 1, substituting N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetamide for 10 phenol. 2-(4-Amino-phenoxy)-4-bromo-benzoic acid, 2f Using the method described in Procedure 2, substituting compound If 63 for compound 1a, the title compound 2f was synthesized in quantitative yield. CIMS m/z= 307 (M+1). Procedure 20 5 2-(4-Acetylamino-phenoxy)-4-bromo-benzoic acid, 3f Compound 2f (500 mg, 1.6mmol) in 10 mL of THF was treated with acetyl chloride (0.15 mL, 2.08 mmol) and triethylamine (0.22 mL, 2.08 mmol). After stirring for 2.5 h the solid was collected. The filtrate was evaporated in 10 vacuo to give 0.48 g of Compound 3f. MS m/z= 331 (M+1). N-(6-Bromo-9-oxo-9H-xanthen-2-yl)-acetamide, 4f The title compound was synthesized using an adaptation of Procedure 15 3, substituting compound 3f for compound 2a. 7-Acetylamino-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 5f The title compound was synthesized using an adaptation of Procedure 20 4, substituting compound 4f for compound 3a. 7-Acetylamino-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid, 6f The title compound was synthesized using an adaptation of Procedure 25 5, substituting compound 5f for compound 4a. Procedure 21 7-Acetylamino-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 7f 30 Compound 6f (2 g, 6.7 mmol) in 35 mL of DMF was treated with HATU (2.5 g, 6.7 mmol), diethylamine (0.2 mL, 8.7 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (4.75 mL, 26.8 mmol). After stirring for 3 h the reaction was poured into water and the solid was collected to give the product, compound 7f. The filtrate was 64 extracted with diethyl ether/ THF (1:1). The combined organic phases were washed with water, brine, and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and combined with the above solid to give 1.5 g total of compound 7f. MS m/z= 353 (M+1), 5 7-Acetylamino-9-hydroxy-9-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-9H-xanthene-3 carboxylic acid diethylamide, 8f The title compound was synthesized by an adaptation of Procedure 18, 10 substituting compound 7f for compound 2c. Procedure 22 7-Acetylamino-9-(1 -methyl-piperidin-4-ylidene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 9f 15 Into a flask was placed compound 8f (0.3 g, 0.66 mmol) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (2 mL). After heating on a steam bath for I h the reaction was poured into 3 N NaOH and ice. The aqueous solution was extracted with CH 2

CI

2 and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was 20 evaporated in vacuo and the resulting residue was passed through a flash column (silica gel; 90:10:1 CH 2 Cl 2 : CH 3 0H: NH 4 0H) to give 0.01 g of compound 9f. MS m/z = 435 (M + 1). 7-Acetylamino-9-piperidin-4-ylidene-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid 25 diethylamide, 10f Compound 10f was synthesized by an adaptation of Procedure 7, substituting compound 7f for compound 6a, and substituting N-Boc-piperidone for N-carbethoxynortropinone. MS m/z= 420.3 (M+1). 30 Example G 65 Procedure 23 9-Piperidin-4-yl-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylIc acid diethylamide, Hydrochloride 5 A sample of the hydrochloride salt of compound lb (0.19 g, 0.52 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of CHCl 3 , treated with iodotrimethylsilane (0.15 mL), sealed in a pressure tube and heated on a steam bath for 2 h. The mixture was cooled and the tube was opened. A second portion of iodotrimethylsilane (0.15 mL) was added, the tube was recapped, and the vessel heated an additional 3 10 h on the steam bath. The reaction was cooled and 3 mL of MeOH was added. The reaction mixture was partitioned between CH 2 Cl 2 and NaOH solution. The organic layer was washed with sodium dithionite solution. The solvent was evaporated and the residue flash chromatographed with 90% CH 2

CI

2 : 10% 2N

NH

3 in MeOH to give the title compound. A hydrochloride salt was prepared 15 from Et 2 0/HCI. MS m/z (MH*) 364.9; 1 H NMR 300 MHz (CDCl 3 ) 8 1.2 (br s, 6H), 1.5 (m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.8 (m, 2H), 3.2-3.4 (m, 4H),3.5 (br s, 2H), 3.7 (d, 1H), 7.1-7.3 (m, 7H). 9-(1-Methyl piperidin-4-yl)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylIc acid diethylamide, 20 Hydrochloride Following the protocol of Procedure 23 and substituting the hydrochloride salt of compound 7b for the hydrochloride salt of compound 1 b, the title compound was obtained. MS m/z (MH*) 364.9; 'H NMR 300 MHz 25 (CDCI 3 ) 8 1.2 (br s, 6H), 1.4 (m, 1 H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.05 (q, 2H), 2.7 (s, 3H), 3.1 3.5 (m, 6H), 3.7 (d, 1H), 7.1-7.3 (m, 7H), 12.2 (s, 1H). 66 Example H Br CNNaH, benzenethlol Brr OH 1) CF 3 C o,) 2 0*C CN DMF 2) HCI cOH2) BF 3 -OEt 2 1h 2h Br s PdC 2 (PPh 3

)

2 , Co MeO 2 C S 1) NaOH, EtOH,# HO 2 C N S 2:1 MeOH/ DMF, 2) HCI

NE

3 ,90-0 0 3h 0 4h 0 5h 0 0 1) Zn(0), 5"C,THF RdsN S 1) SOCl2,h R S 2) TiCl4I S R 2) NHR 1

R

2 , NaOH, R2 3) O

CH

2

CI

2 0 6 3 0 6h 8h

O

2 Et N

C

2 Et 00 30 % HBr, AcOH RI, N N NaBH(OAc) 3 , CH 2 1 2 R1 S AcOH, 80' R2 Piperonal, rt R2 H 5 Procedure 24 4-Bromo-2-phenylsulfanyl-benzonitrile, 1 h Sodium hydride (2.40 g, 60 mmol) (60% by wt) was weighed into a flask and washed with several hexane rinsings. The hexanes were decanted and 10 discarded and 20 mL DMF was added to the flask. A DMF-solution of benzenethiol (5.1 mL, 50 mmol in 50 mL DMF) was added dropwise to the NaH mixture and stirred at room temperature. To 4-bromo-2-fluoro-benzonitrile (10.0 g, 50 mmol) in 40 mL DMF) was added benzenethiophenoxide (described above), dropwise, over 30 minutes. Upon complete addition, the 15 reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. At that time, the mixture was poured into cold 1 N NaOH. A precipitate formed and was collected by vacuum filtration to give 14.0 g (48.4 mmol) of Compound 1h. 67 4-Bromo-2-phenylsulfanyl-benzoic acid, 2h Following Procedure 2, substituting compound 1h for compound I a, 5 Compound 2h was obtained. 3-Bromo-thioxanthen-9-one, 3h Following Procedure 3, substituting Compound 2h for compound 2a, 10 compound 3h was obtained. 9-Oxo-9H-thioxanthene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 4h Following Procedure 4, substituting compound 3h for compound 3a, 15 compound 4h was obtained. 9-Oxo-9H-thioxanthene-3-carboxylic acid, 5h Following Procedure 5, substituting compound 4h for compound 4a, 20 Compound 5h was obtained. 9-Oxo-9H-thioxanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 6h Following Procedure 6, substituting compound 5h for compound 5a, 25 Compound 6h was obtained. 9-Oxo-9H-thioxanthene-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide, 7h Following Procedure 6, substituting ethylamine for diethylamine, and 30 compound 5h for compound 5a Compound 7h was obtained. 3-(3-Diethylcarbamoyl-thioxanthen-9-ylidene)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane 68 8-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 8h Following the procedure described in Procedure 7, substituting compound 6h for compound 6a, Compound 8c was obtained. MS m/z = 5 477.1(MH*). 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene)-9H-thioxanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 9h 10 Following Procedure 8, substituting compound 8h for compound 8a, Compound 9h was obtained. The product was then converted into its fumarate salt. MS m/z (MH*)= 405.4. 1 H NMR 300 MHz (CDC1 3 ) 6 1.05-1.3 (m, 6H), 1.40 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.75 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 3.6 (m, 2H), 3.90 (br s, 2H), 7.2 (m, 5H), 7.5 (m, 2H). 15 9-(8-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ] oct-3-ylidene)-9H thloxanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 10h Following Procedure 9, substituting compound 9h for compound 10a, 20 and substituting piperonal for 3-furaldehyde, Compound 10h was obtained. The product was then converted into its fumarate salt. MS m/z (MH*)= 439.4. Fumarate salt: 'H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO-d 6 ) 8 0.9-1.2 (m, 8H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 3.19 (m, 2H), 3.4 (m, 4H), 3.80 (br s, 2H), 6.05 (s, 2H), 6.65 (s, 2H), 6.9 (m, 2H), 7.2 (s, 1H), 7.35 (m, 5H), 7.6 (m, 2H). 25 9-(R -8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylIdene)-9H-thioxanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 11h-12h Following Procedure 9, substituting the appropriate aldehyde for 3 30 furancarboxaldehyde, the following compounds were prepared: Ex # Aldehyde R MS m/z 69 (MH*) 11h Cyclopropane Cyclopropylmethyl 459.7 carboxaldehyde 5 12h 3-(Methylthio)-3- Methanesulfanyl-propyl 493.5 propionaldehyde 10 9-[8-(2Hydroxy-ethyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene]-9H-thioxanthene 3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 13h Following Procedure 11, substituting compound 9h for compound 1Oa, and substituting 2-iodoethanol for allyl bromide, compound 13h was obtained. 15 MS m/z (MH*)= 449.2. 'H NMR 300 MHz (CDCI 3 ) S 1.05-1.4 (m, 8H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 2.6-2.8 (m, 4H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 4H), 3.80 (m, 2H), 4.8 (br s, 1H), 7.2 (m, 5H), 7.5 (m, 2H). Procedure 25 20 The (+) and (-) enantiomers of compound 24 (compounds 52 and 53), in Table 1 herein were separated on a preparative chiralpak AD column (500 grams of 20 micron material, 5 x 41 cm) using hexane/methanol/ethanol (50/25/25) as eluent. The analytes were monitored using a wavelength of 220 nm. For analytical work, the same column material was used (chiralpak AD, 25 4.6 x 50 mm) , and the same solvents, but in a 80/10/10 proportion. The (+) and (-) enantiomers of compound 54 (compounds 55 and 56), in Table 1 herein were separated on a preparative Chiralpak AD column (500 grams of 20 micron material, 50 x 41 cm) using heptane/ethanol (85/15) as 30 eluent. The analytes were monitored using a wavelength of 220 nm. Example I 70 A0 F F Aicl 3 / F K 2 C0 3 O O F KCN +1 DCEat O o 21 31 OH 0 F DMF,100 0 C DMF,100 0 c O CN ~OHt O O0OH - D OCNt 51 6| 0 1314 ~ N CNNaOH A>-sO-O>< C 2 HBTU,EDIEA A-0 CNt k& IPEtOHIH 2 0 HNEt 2 , DMF 51061 071 1. Zn, TIC1 4 O 0 CONEt 2 BBr 3 HO 0 s CONEt 2 THF, heat IN DCE 2. Boc-nortropanone N N H 8i H 91 Procedure 26 5 (2,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-methanone, 31 Aluminum chloride (2.03 g, 15.2 mmol) was added in portions to a solution of 1,3-dimethoxybenzene (1.86 mL, 15.2 mmol) and 2,4 difluorobenzoyl chloride (1.86 mL, 15.2 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane at 0*C. 10 The mixture was allowed to warm to rt over 3 h then heated at reflux for 6 h. The resultant mixture was allowed to cool to rt, then poured into a mixture of ice (-100 g) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (-20 mL). The organic layer was separated. The aqueous solution was stirred at ambient temperature overnight, and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers were 15 washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo to give crude product. A portion of the product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel, using a gradient of 1 %-10% EtOAc/ heptane as the eluent to give the title compound 31 (1.8 g). MS: m/z 264.9 (MH*). 1H NMR (CDC): 8 3.90 (s, 3H), 6.42 (d of d, I H, J=9.0 20 and 2.5 Hz), 6.50 (d, 1 H, J=2.5 Hz), 6.91-7.04 (m, 2 H), 7.27-7.29 (m, 1 H), 7.44-7.50 (m, 1 H) and 12.44 (s, 1 H). Procedure 27 3-Fluoro-6-methoxy-xanthen-9-one, 41 25 71 A mixture of potassium carbonate (2.13 g, 15.4 mmol) and (2,4-difluoro phenyl)-( 2 -hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-methanone (3.4 g, 12.9 mmol) in NN dimethylformamide (50 mL) was heated at 100*C for 2 h. The mixture was cooled and poured into water (-150 mL). A solid was collected by filtration, 5 washed with water, and dried in vacuo to give the title compound (2.8 g), which was used without purification in the subsequent step. MS: m/z 244.9 (MH*). H NMR (CDCI 3 ): 8 3.94 (s, 1 H), 6.88 (d, 1 H, J=2.4 Hz), 6.96 (d of d, 1 H, J=2.4 & 8.9 Hz), 7.07 (m, 2 H), 8.24 (d, I H, 8.9 Hz) and 8.34 (d of d, 1 H, J=6.5 & 8.8 Hz). 10 Procedure 28 6 -Methoxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carbon itrile, 5i A mixture of finely ground sodium cyanide (1.3 g, 26.5 mmol) and 3 15 fluoro-6-methoxy-xanthen-9-one (2.3 g, 9.42 mmol) in NN-dimethylfornamide (30 mL) was heated at 100 oC for 4 hours. Sodium cyanide (0.7 g, 14.3 mmol) was added and heating continued an additional hour. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, then poured into ice water (-150 mL). The product was collected by filtration, washed with water and air dried to give 20 Compound 51,1.42 g (60%). MS: m/z 251.9 (MH*). 'H NMR(CDCl 3 ): 6 3.96 (s, 3 H), 6.91 (d, 1 H, J=2.3 Hz), 7.00 (dof d, 1 H, J=2.3 & 8.9 Hz), 7.61 (d of d, 1 H, J=1 & 8.1 Hz), 7.79 (d, 1 H, J= 1 Hz), 8.24 (d,1 H, J=8.9 Hz)- and 8.42 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz). 25 6-Methoxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid, 61 Using the method described in Procedure 2, substituting compound Si for compound 1 a, the title compound was prepared (0.75 g). MS: m/z 270.9 (MH*). 'H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 3.95 (s, 3 H), 7.06 (d of d, I H, 2.4 & 8.9 Hz), 7.17 (d, 1 H, J=2.4 Hz), 7.94 (d of d, 1 H, J=1.4 & 8.2 Hz), 8.03 (d, 1 H, J=1.4 30 Hz), 8.10 (d, 1 H, J=8.9 Hz), 8.24 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz) and 13.65 (br s, I H). Procedure 29 6 -Methoxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 7i 72 A mixture of compound 6i (0.707 g, 2.62 mmol) and O-benzotriazo-yl N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU, 1.05 g, 2.74 mmol) in NN-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was treated with NN-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 0.685 mL, 3.92 mmol) and allowed to stir at rt for 15 min. Diethylamine 5 (0.541 mL, 5.23 mL) was added and the resultant mixture was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was poured into ice water. A solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and air dried to give the title compound (0.445 g). MS: m/z 326.0 (MH*). 'H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 1.07 (br t, 3 H), 1.19 (br t, 3 H), 3.20 (br q, 2 H), 3.48 (br t, 2 H), 3.95 (s, 3 H), 7.08 (m, 1 H), 7.17 (d, 1 H, J=2.1 Hz), 10 7.40 (d of d, 1H, J=1.3 & 8.1 Hz), 7.59 (d, 1 H, J=1.2 Hz), 8.12 (d of d, 1 H, J=1.3 & 8.9 Hz) and 8.21 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz). Procedure 30 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]oct-3-ylidene)-6-methoxy-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic 15 acid diethylamide, 8i. A suspension of zinc powder (0.626 g, 9.60 mmol) in THF (20 mL), at 00C was treated with titanium(IV)chloride (0.525 mL, 4.79 mmol), by dropwise addition. The resultant mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. The resultant 20 solution was cooled to room temperature, and 3-oxo-8-aza bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxyllc acid tert-butyl ester (0.270 g, 1.20 mmol) and compound 7i (0.390, 1.20 mmol) were added and the solution was heated at reflux for 2 h. Potassium sodium tartrate (2.98 g, 10 56 mmol), dissolved in a minimal amount of water, was added to the reaction mixture and allowed to stir 25 at ambient temperature overnight. The inorganic solids were removed by filtration and washed generously with THF. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and 10 % aqueous ammonium hydroxide. The organic layer was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was 30 taken up in DMSO and purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (C15), using a gradient of acetonitrile (10% to 90%) in water with TFA (0.1%), to give the title compound as its trifluoroacetic acid salt (0.50 g). MS: m/z 419.1 (MH*). 1H NMR (DMSO-ds): 8 1.0-1.2 (br m, 6 H), 1.32 (br d, 2 H), 1.78 (br m, 2 H), 73 2.85-3.02 (br m, 4 H), 3.2-3.55 (br m, 4 H), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 3.96-4.05 (br s, 2 H), 6.81 (d of d, 1 H, J=2.5 & 8.6), 6.88 (d, 1 H, J=2.5 Hz), 7.15 (d of d, I H, J=1.4 & 7.8 Hz), 7.20 (d, I H, J=1.4 Hz), 7.31 (d, 1 H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.41 (d, 1 H, J=7.8 hZ), 8.81 br s, 1 H) and 9.12 (br d, 1 H). 5 Procedure 31 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene)-6-hydroxy-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 91 10 A 1.0 M solution of boron tribromide in dichloromethane (2.14 mL, 2.14 mmol) was added to a solution of the trifluoroacetic acid salt of 9-(8-aza bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene)-6-methoxy-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide (0.285 g, 0.535 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) at 0*C. The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was 15 cooled to 0*C, and treated with 10% aqueous ammonium hydroxide (-20 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the residues was dissolved in DMSO and applied to reverse phase C18 column for 20 purification via HPLC, using a gradient of acetonitrile (10% to 90%) in water with. trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) as the eluant. Fractions containing the title compound were combined and further purified via reverse phase HPLC to give the purified title compound (0.035g). MS: m/z 405.1 (MH*). 1 H NMR (DMSO d 6 ): 8 1.0-1.2 (br m, 6 H), 1.29 (d, 12H, J=8.1 Hz), 1.7-1.8 (br m, 2 H), 2.8-3.0 25 (br m, 4 H), 3.1-3.5 (br m, 4 H), 3.99 (br s, 2 H), 6.63-6.65 (m, 2 H), 7.13 (d, I H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.18-7.21 (m, 3 H), 7.41 (d, 1 H, J=7.9 Hz), 8.70 (br s, 1 H), 9.01 br d, 1 H) and 9.93 (br s 1 H). 30 Example J 74 Br CO 2 Me Br CO 2 Me Br OH F MF 100 PPA C Co 2 Me NaOH , - + IF 100~o 7C 12 ON. Ii 2J CO 2 Me

C

2 Me 4 EtOH/ H 2 0 Br Br 0 CO 2 H HBTU, DIEA, O CONEt 2 1. Zn, TiC14, HNEt 2 , DMF THF, heat 2. Boc-Nortropanone, 5j 6j heat Br 7 Br0 CONEt 2 PhB(OH) 2 , PdCl 2 (dppf), 0 CONEt 2 dioxane/ EtOH, Cs 2

CO

3 , heat. 7j 8j N H N H 5 Procedure 32 2-(2-Bromo-phenoxy)-terephthalic acid dimethyl ester, 3j A mixture of 2-fluoro-terephthalic acid dimethyl ester 2j (10 g, 47.1 mmol), 2-bromophenol ij (6.0 mL, 51.8 mmol) and potassium carbonate (7.16 10 g, 51.8 mmol) in NN-dimethylformamide (100 mL) was heated at 100 0 C for 36 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to rt, then poured into cold dilute hydrochloric acid (0.5 N, 350 mL). The product was extracted into EtOAc, washed with water (4x) and brine (1x) and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by flash 15 chromatography on silica gel using dichloromethane as the eluant. The crude product was isolated (10.5 g) and used without further purification in the subsequent reaction. MS: m/z 365 (MH*). Procedure 33 20 5-Bromo-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid, 5j (via 4j) 75 2-(2-Bromo-phenoxy)-terephthalic acid dimethyl ester (10 g) was added dropwise to hot (1000C) polyphosphoric acid (280 g) over 5 min. The solution was heat at 1550C for 2 h at which point the heating was continued at 1800C for an additional 2 h. The solution was mixed with a large volume of ice water. 5 The resultant solids were collected by filtration, washed with water and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel, using a gradient of methanol (1% to 10%) in dichloromethane with acetic acid (0.1%) to give compound 4j (1.25 g). The acid compound 5j was isolated from the latter fractions (3.52 g). 10 A solution of the ester compound 4j (1.25 g, 3.75 mmol) and 3 N sodium hydroxide (1.37 mL, 4.12 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 h. The solution was cooled to rt and made acidic with 2 N hydrochloric acid (-2.5 mL). The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and then diluted with water. The resultant solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and air dried to 15 yield an additional 1.08 g of compound 5j. MS: m/z 318.7 (MH 4 ). 'H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 7.43 (t, 1 H, J=7.8 Hz), 7.98 (d of d, 1 H, J=1.4 & 8.2), 8.09 (d, 1 H, J=1.3 Hz), 8.17-8.23 (m, 2 H) and 8.28 (d, 1 H, J=8.2 Hz). 5-Bromo-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 6j 20 Using the method described in Procedure 29, substituting compound 5j for compound 6i, the title compound was prepared. Subsequent purification by flash chromatography, using dichloromethane as the eluant gave Compound 6j (4.4 g). MS: m/z 373.8 (MH*). 'H NMR (CDCl 3 ): S 1.16 (t, 3 H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.30 (t, 3 H, J=6.8 Hz), 3.28 (q, 2 H, J=6.8 Hz), 3.60 (q, 2 H, J=6.8 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1 H, 25 J=7.9 Hz), 7.40 (d of d, I H, J=11.4 & 8.0 Hz), 7.64 (d, 1 H, J=1.4 Hz), 7.98 (d of d, 1 H, J=1.6 & 7.9 Hz), 8.30 (d of d, 1 H, J=1.6 & 8.0 Hz)and 8.36 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz). Procedure 34 30 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene)-5-bromo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 7j A suspension of zinc powder (5.59 g, 85.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran 76 (THF, 100 mL) at 00C, was treated with titanium(IV)chloride (4.69 mL, 42.8 mmol) by dropwise addition. The resultant mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. The resultant solution was cooled to 0 0 C. 3-Oxo-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8 carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2.4 g, 10.7 mmol) and 5-bromo-9-oxo-9H 5 xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide (4.0 g, 10.7 mmol) were added and the solution was heated at reflux for 4 h. Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate (30 g, 106 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and allowed to stir at ambient temperature overnight. The inorganic solids were removed by filtration and washed successively with THF, EtOAc and dichloromethane. 10 The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography using a gradient 1% to 10% methanol (with ammonia, 2 N) in dichloromethane as the eluent gave Compound 7j (3.65 g). Crude product was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC, using a gradient of acetonitrile (10% to 90%) in water with trifluoroacetic acid (0.1 %), to give the trifluoroacetic acid salt of 15 compound 7j. MS: m/z 467.0 (MH*). 'H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 1.0-1.2 (br m, 6 H), 1.32 (d, 2 H, J=7.9 Hz), 1.75-1.85 (br m, 2 H), 2.85-3.10 (m, 4 H), 3.15-3.50 (br m, 4 H), 4.01 br s, 2 H), 7.15-7.26 (m, 3 H), 7.42 (d, 1 H, J=6.7 Hz), 7.49 (d, 1 H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.66 (d, 1 H, J=7.9 Hz), 8.81 (br s, 1 H) and 9.12 br d, I H). 20 Procedure 35 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]oct-3-ylidene)-5-phenyl-9H -xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide, 8j A mixture of 9-(8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene)-5-bromo-9H-xanthene 25 3-carboxylic acid diethylamide (0.170, 0.363 mmol), phenylboronic acid (0.049 g, 0.40 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.236 g, 0.726 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) and ethanol (1 mL) was treated with dichloro[1, 1' bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium (II) dichloromethane adduct (13 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. The reaction 30 mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the inorganics removed by filtration and washed successively with dioxane, ethanol and dichloromethane. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reverse phase (C18) preparative HPLC, using a gradient of acetonitrile (10% to 90%) in 77 water with trifluoroacetate (0.1%) as the eluant to give the title compound (0.153 g) as a colorless solid. MS: m/z 465.3 (MH*). 1 H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 1.05-1.20 (br m, 6 HO, 1.31 d, 2 H, J=8.2 Hz), 1.75-1.85 (br m, 2 H), 2.90-3.10 (m, 4 H), 3.15-3.50 (br m, 4 H), 4.03 br s, 2 H), 7.10 (d, 1 H, J=1.5 Hz), 7.20 (d 5 of d, 1 H, J=1.5 & 7.9 Hz), 7.32 (t, I H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.40-7.63 (m, 8 H), 8.83 (br s, 1 HO and 9.16 (br d, 1 H). 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylldene)-5-methoxy-9H.xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide 10 The title compound was prepared following Example J and substituting 2-methoxyphenol for 2-bromophenol in Procedure 32. MS: m/z 419.1 (MH*). H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 5 1.0-1.2 (m, 6 H), 1.29 (br m, 1 H), 1.73-1.82 (m, 2 H), 2.87-3.15 (m, 4 H), 3.22 (br m, 2 H), 3.42 (br m, 2 H), 3.88 (s, 3 H), 4.00 (br s, 2 H), 6.95 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.07-7.19 (m, 3 H), 7.22 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.44 15 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.77 (br s, 1 H) and 9.08 (br s, 1 H). 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylldene)-5-hydroxy-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide 20 The title compound was prepared from 9-(8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3 ylidene)-5-methoxy-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide using an adaptation of Procedure 31. MS: m/z 405.0 (MH*). 1 H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 1.0 1.2 (m, 6 H), 1.29 (br m, I H), 1.73-1.84 (m, 2 H), 2.95-3.15 (m, 4 H), 3.20 (br m, 2 H), 3.42 (br m, 2 H), 4.00 (br s, 2 H), 6.80 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (d, 25 J=7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.02 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.15 (d of d, J=1.5 & 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.42 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.78 (br s, 1 H), 9.08 (br s, 1 H) and 9.67 (br s, I H). 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]oct-3-ylidene)-5-pyridin-4-yl-9H-xanthene-3 30 carboxylic acid diethylamide The title compound was prepared following the method described in Example J and substituting pyridin-4-yl boronic acid for phenyl boronic acid in Procedure 35. MS: m/z 466.1 (MH'). 1 H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 3 1.0-1.2 (m, 6 H), 78 1.32 (br m, 2 H), 1.80 (br m, 2 H), 2.88-3.42 (br m, 8 H), 4.03 (br s, 2 H), 7.22 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.27 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.6 Hz, I H), 7.51 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.63 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.06 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2 H), 8.90 (br m, 3 H) and 9.22 (br d, J=9.4 Hz, 1 H). 5 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]oct-3-ylidene)-5-furan-3-yl-9H -xanthene-3 carboxylic acid diethylamide The title compound was prepared using the method described in 10 Example J, substituting furan-3-yl boronic acid for phenyl boronic acid in Procedure 35. MS: m/z455.1 (MH*). 'H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 1.0-1.2 (m, 6 H), 1.30 (br m, 2 H), 1.78 (br m, 2 H), 2.89-3.05 (m, 4 H), 3.20 (br m, 2 H), 3.44 (br m, 2 H), 4.02 (br s, 2 H), 7.15 (s, 1 H), 7.19 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.26-7.31 (m, 2 H), 7.47 (d, J=7.8 Hz, I H), 7.56 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.72 (m, 1 H), 7.82 (s, 15 1 H), 8.59 (s, 1 H), 8.83 (br d, 1 H) and 9.15 (br d, J=9.3 Hz, 1 H). 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]oct-3-ylidene)-5-pyridin-3-yl-9H-xanthene-3 carboxylic acid diethylamide 20 The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example J, substituting pyridin-3-yl boronic acid for phenyl boronic acid in Procedure 35. MS: m/z 466.1 (MH"). 'H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 6 1.0-1.2 (m, 6 H), 1.32 (m, 2 H), 1.80 (br m, 2 H), 2.90-3.02 (m, 4 H), 3.20 (br m, 2 H), 3.42 (br m, 2 H), 4.03 (br s, 2 H), 7.16 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.20 (d of d, J=1.5 & 7.8 Hz, 1 25 H), 7.38 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.49-7.56 (m, 3 H), 7.76 (d of d, J=5.0 & 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.74 (d of d, J=1.5 & 5.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.82 (br s, 1 H), 8.95 (s, 1 H) and 9.13 (br d,1 H). 30 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ylidene)-5-thiophen-3-yl-9H-xanthene-3 carboxylic acid diethylamide The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example J, substituting thiophen-3-yl boronic acid for phenyl boronic acid in 79 Procedure 35. MS: m/z 471.0 (MH*). 'H NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 61.0-1.2 (m, 6 H), 1.31 (m, 2 H), 1.78 (br m, 2 H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 4 H), 3.21 (br m, 2 H), 3.43 (br m, 2 H), 4.02 (br s, 2 H), 7.21 (d of d, J=1.5 and 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.28 (t, J=7.6 Hz, I H), 7.34 (d of d, J=1.4 &7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 5 1 H), 7.63-7.70 (m, 3 H), 8.13 (d of d, J=1.4 &2.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.80 (br s, 1 H) and 9.12 (br d, J=10 Hz, 1 H). Example K 10 9-(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]oct-3-ylldene)-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid isopropyl-methyl-amide Procedure 36 2-Phenoxy-terephthalic acid dimethyl ester. 2--lodo-terephthalic acid dimethyl ester (10 g, 31 mmol), phenol (3.23 g, 34 mmol), tetrakis 15 acetonitrilecopper hexafluorophosphate (2.9 g, 7.8 mmol), and cesium carbonate (10.2 g, 31 mmol) were added to a 1 L 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and containing toluene (350 mL). The reaction was refluxed 5 h under nitrogen with stirring. After cooling, EtOAc (200 mL) was added and the mixture was filtered. The filtrate 20 was concentrated to afford the crude title compound (9.2 g) that was used without purification. 2-Phenoxy-terephthalic acid dimethyl ester was converted to 9-Oxo-9H xanthene-3-carboxylic acid using an adaptation of Procedure 33. 25 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid-N-isopropyl-N-methyl-a mid e was prepared from 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid using an adaptation of Procedure 29 and substituting N-isopropyl-N-methyl-amine for diethylamine. 30 The title compound of Example K was prepared by the method described in Procedure 34, substituting 9-Oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid N-isopropyl-N-methyl-amide for compound 6J. The crude product was purified by preparative reverse phase chromatography on a C-18 column, eluting with 80 water/ acetonitrile/ 0.1% TFA to yield the product as its trifluoroacetic acid salt. MS m/z (MH*) 389.2; 'H NMR 300 MHz (DMSO-d 6 ) 8 1.12 (s, 6H), 1.2-1.3 (m, 2H), 1.79 (m, 2H), 2.82 (m, 3H), 2.95 (q, 4H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 7.18-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.24 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 2H), 8.77 (m, IH), 9.09 5 (d, 1H). Compounds 1 through 102 in the table, below, were synthesized using the procedures described above. 10 Table 1 Cpd R 1

R

2

R

3 R4 R 5 A Y Z I Et Et Me H H absent CH 2 0 0 .2 Et Et H H H absent CH 2 0 0 3 Et Et H H H absent 0 0 4 Et Et doxo5-methyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 5 Et Et Phenethyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 6 Et Et Allyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 7 Et Et Me H H absent 0 0 8 Et Et Allyl H H absent 0 0 9 Et H Me H H absent CH 2 0 0 10 Et H 1,1r -Trichloroethoxy H H absent CH 2 0 0 carbonyl 11 Et H H H H absent CH 2 0 0 12 Et H 2-Methyl-but-2-enyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 13 Et H Thiophen-2-y methyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 14 Et H 2-Methyl-allyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 15 Et H Cyclopropylmethyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 81 Cpd R 1

R

2 Ra R4 Rs A Y Z 16 Et H Pyridin-2-ylmethyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 17 Et H 1-H-lmidazol-4-yl H H absent CH 2 0 0 methyl 18 Et H 4-Hydroxy-3- m H H absent CH 2 0 0 methoxypheny -methyl 19 Et H Allyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 20 Et H Phenethyl H H absent CH 2 0 0 22 Et Et Phenethyl H H absent 0 0 23 Et Et Me H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 24 Et Et H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 25 Et Et Furan-3-ylmethyl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 26 Et H Phenethyl H H CH 2

CH

2

CH

2 0 0 27 Et H Phenethyl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 28 Et Et Furan-3-ylmethyl H H absent 0 0 29 Et Et Pyridin-2-ylmethyl H H absent 0 0 30 Et Et 2-Hydroxyphenyl- H H absent 0 0 methyl 31 Et Et Carbamimidoy H H absent 0 0 32 Et H H H H absent 0 0 33 Et Et 1-Prop-2-ynyl H H absent 0 0 34 Et Et H H absent 0 0 Et Et Hamino 35 Et Et Hydroxy-ethyl H H absent 0 0 36 Et Et Phenyliminomethyl H H absent 0 0 37 Et Et Thioformyl H H absent 0 0 82 Cpd R 1

R

2

R

3 R4 R 5 A Y Z 38 Et Et Alyl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 39 Et Et 2-Methoxy-ethyl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 40 Et Et Methylthioethyl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 41 Et Et Methyl Acetyl- H absent 0 O amino 42 Et Et H H H absent 0 0 43 Et Et Me H H absent 0 0 44 Et Et Pyridin-2-ylmethyl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 45 Et Et Hydroxyethyl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 46. Et Et 1-H-Imidazol-4-yl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 methyl 47 Et Et Berizo[1 ,3] HH C 2 H dioxol-5-ylmethy H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 48 Et Et H H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 49 Et Et Cyclopropylmethyl H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 50 Et Et Methyllthiopropyl H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 51 Et Et Hydroxy-ethyl H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 52 Et Et H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 enantlo mer 53 N Et Et H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 enantio mer 54 Et H H H H CH 2

CH

2 . 0 0 55 antio Et H H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 mer 83 Cpd R 1

R

2

R

3 R4 R 5 A Y Z 56 nantlo Et H H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 mer 57 Me Me H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 58 i-Pr H H H H CH 2

CH

2 . 0 0 59 Me I-Bu H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 60 n-Pr n-Pr H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 61 nantio Et Et H H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 mer 62 anto Et Et H H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 mer 63 n-Pr H H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 64 Me H H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 65 H H H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 66 Et Et H 6-methyl H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 67 Et Et H 7-methyl H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 68 Et Et H 5methoxy H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 69 Et Et H 7-Fluoro H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 70 Et El H6 70 Et Et H methoxy H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 71 Et Et 1-H-imidazol-5-yl H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 Enant. A methyl 72 1-H-imldazol-5-y H 2 H F n.BEt Et -dao5yl H H CH2CH2 O O Enant, B E El methyl 73 Me nu H H H CH 2

CH

2 . 0 0 Bu 84 Cpd R 1

R

2

R

3 R A Y Z 74 Et Et 1-H-imidazol-4-yl H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 methyl 75 Et Et 1-H-imidazol-4-yl H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 methyl 76 Et Et H hydroxy H CH 2 CHz 0 0 77 Et Et HMethoxy H CH 2 CHz 0 0 78 Et H Trifluoromethyl H H CH 2 CHz S 0 carbonyl 79 Et H Trfluoromethyl H H CH 2 CHZ S 0 Et H 2carboCyl 80 Et H H H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 81 Et H H H H CH 2

CH

2 S 0 82 Et Et H droxy H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 83 Et Et H 7-Bromo H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 84 Et Et H 7-phenyl H CH 2 CHz 0 0 85 Et Et H 7-pyridin- H CH 2 CHz 0 O 86 Et Et H 7-furan- H CH 2 CH2. 0 0 3 -yI 7-benzo 87 Et Et H thiophen- H CH 2 CHz 0 0 2-yl N-t Butoxy 88 Et Et H carbonyl H CH 2 CHz 0 0 pyrrol-2 yI 89 Et Et H 7-pyridin- H CH 2

CH

2 . 0 0 3-yI 7 90 Et Et H thiophen H CH 2 CHz 0 0 3-yI 85 Cpd R 1

R

2

R

3 R4 R 5 A Y Z 7-(3,5 91 Et Et H dimethyl) H CH 2 CHz O O Isoxazol 4-yl 92 Me i-Pr H H H CH 2

CH

2 0 0 93 Et Et H 7-pyrrol- H CH 2 CHz O O Et Et H2-yI 94 Et Et H 5-bromo H CH 2 CHz 0 0 95 Et Et H 5-phenyl H CH 2 CHz 0 0 96 Et Et H 5-pyridin- H CH 2

CH

2 . O 4-yI 97 Et Et H 5-furan- H CH 2 CHz O O 3 -yI 5 98 Et Et H quinolin- H CH 2 CHz 0 0 3-yl 5 99 Et Et H thiophen- H CH 2 CHz 0 0 3 -yI 100 Et Et H hydroxy H CH 2

CH

2 . 0 0 101 Et Et H 5-pyridin- H CH 2

CH

2 O 3-yI 102 Et Et H 5-fluoro H CH 2 CHz 0 0 Biological Examples Rat Brain Mu Opioid Receptor Binding Assay 5 Procedure: Male, Sprague Dawley (150-250 g, VAF, Charles River, Kingston, NY) are killed by C02, and their brains removed and placed immediately in ice cold Tris HCI buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4). The forebrains are separated from the remainder of the brain by a coronal transection, beginning dorsally at the 10 colliculi and passing ventrally through the midbrain-pontine junction. After 86 dissection, the forebrains are homogenized in Tris buffer in a Teflon*-glass homogenizer. The homogenate is diluted to a concentration of 1 g of forebrain tissue per 80 mL Tris and centrifuged at 39,000 x g for 10 min. The pellet is resuspended in the same volume of Tris buffer containing 5 mM MgCl 2 with 5 several brief pulses from a Polytron homogenizer. This particulate preparation is used for the mu-opioid binding assays. Following incubation with the mu selective peptide ligand -0.8 nM [ 3 H]DAMGO at 25"C for 2.5 h in a 96-well plate with total 1 ml, the plate contents are filtered through Wallac filtermat B sheets on a Tomtec 96-well harvester. The filters are rinsed three times with 2 10 mL of 10 mM HEPES (pH7.4), and dried in a 650 W microwave oven for 1.75 min twice. To each sample area 2 X 40 pL of Betaplate Scint scintillation fluid (LKB) is added and analyzed on a LKB (Wallac) 1205 BetaPlate liquid scintillation counter. 15 Analysis: The data from the scintillation counter are used to calculate either the % inhibition compared to control binding (when only a single concentration of test compound is evaluated) or a K, value (when a range of concentrations is tested). % inhibition is calculated as: [(total dpm-test compound dpm)/(total dpm-nonspecific dpm)]*100. Kd and Ki values are calculated using GraphPad 20 PRISM data analysis program.

[

35 S]GTPyS Binding Assay in CHO-h Cell Membranes PREPARATION OF MEMBRANES 25 CHO-hp cell membranes are purchased from Receptor Biology, Inc. (Baltimore, MD). About 10 mg/mi of membrane protein is suspended in 10 mM TRIS-HC pH 7.2,2 mM EDTA, 10% sucrose. Membranes are maintained at 4-80C. 1 ml of membranes is added into 15 ml cold binding assay buffer. The assay buffer contains 50 mM HEPES, pH 30 7.6, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT and 1 mM EDTA. The membrane suspension is homogenized with a Polytron 2 times and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant is then centrifuged at 18,000 rpm for 20 min. The pellet is saved in a tube and 10 ml assay buffer is added to the tube. The 87 pellet and buffer are mixed with a Polytron. INCUBATION PROCEDURE The pellet membranes (20 pg/ml) are preincubated with SPA (10 5 mg/ml) at 25C' for 45 min in the assay buffer. The SPA (5 mg/ml) coupled with membranes (10 pg/ml) is then incubated with 0.5 nM [S]GTPgS in the same HEPES buffer containing 50 pM GDP in total volume of 200 pl. Increasing concentrations of receptor agonists are used to stimulate [ 3 S]GTPgS binding. The basal binding is tested in the absence of agonists and non-specific 10 binding is tested in the present 10 pM unlabeled GTPyS. The data are analyzed on a Top counter. DATA 15 % of Basal = (stimulate - non-specific)*1 00/(basal - non specific). % inhibition value values are calculated using a formula, % Inhibition=(% Basal of I uM DAMGO -% Basal of compound)*100/(% Basal of 1 uM DAMGO -100) 20 [asS]GTPyS Binding Assay in CHO-h6 Cell Membranes PREPARATION OF MEMBRANES CHO-h5 cell membranes are purchased from Receptor Biology, Inc. (Baltimore, MD). 10 mg/ml of membrane protein is suspended in 10 mM TRIS HC pH 7.2, 2 mM EDTA, 10% sucrose. 25 Membranes are maintained at 4-8 0 C. 1 ml of membranes is added into 15 ml cold binding assay buffer. The assay buffer contained 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.6, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT and 1 mM EDTA. The membrane suspension is homogenized with a Polytron 2 times and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant is then centrifuged at 18,000 rpm for 30 20 min. The pellet is saved in a tube and 10 ml assay buffer is added into the tube. The pellet and buffer are mixed with a Polytron. INCUBATION PROCEDURE 88 The pellet membranes (20 pg/ml) are preincubated with SPA (10 mg/ml) at 25C* for 45 min in the assay buffer. The SPA (5 mg/ml) coupled with membranes (10 pg/ml) is then incubated with 0.5 nM [ 35 S]GTPgS in the same HEPES buffer containing 50 pM GDP in total volume of 200 pl. Increasing 5 concentrations of receptor agonists are used to stimulate [ 3 5 S]GTPgS binding. The basal binding is tested in the absence of agonists and non-specific binding is tested in the presence of 10 pM unlabeled GTPOS. The data are analyzed on a Top counter. 10 [ 5 S]GTPyS Binding Assay in NG108-15 Cell Membrane PREPARATION OF MEMBRANES NG108-15 cell membranes were purchased from Applied Cell Sciences (Rockville,MD). An 8 mg/mL portion of membrane protein was suspended in 15 10 mM TRIS-HC pH 7.2, 2 mM EDTA, 10% sucrose. Membranes were maintained at 4-8*C. A 1 mL portion of membranes was added into 10 mL cold binding assay buffer. The assay buffer contained 50 mM Tris, pH 7.6, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT and 1 mM EGTA. The membrane suspension was homogenized with a Polytron for 2 times and 20 centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatent was then centrifuged at 18,000 rpm for 20 min. The pellet was saved in a tube and 10 ml assay buffer was added into the tube. The pellet and buffer were mixed with a Polytron. INCUBATION PROCEDURE 25 The pellet membranes (75 pg/ml) were preincubated with SPA (10 mg/ml) at 25C* for 45 min in the assay buffer. The SPA (5 mg/ml) coupled with membranes (37.5 pg/ml) was then incubated with 0.1 nM [ 5 5] GTPyS in the same Tris buffer containing 100 pM GDP in total volume of 200 pl. Increasing concentrations of receptor agonists were used to stimulate [3S] GTPyS 30 binding. The basal binding was tested in the absent agonists and no specific binding was tested in the present 10 pM unlabeled GTPyS. The data were analyzed on a Top counter. 89 DATA % of Basal = (stimulate - non specific)*1 00/(basal - non specific). EC50 values are calculated using a Prism program. 5 Mouse Abdominal Irritant Test (MAIT) The procedure used was that described by Collier et al. (1968), with minor modifications. Thirty minutes after the administration of test drug, the 10 animals received an i.p. injection of 5.5 mg/kg of acetylcholine bromide. The mice were then placed into large glass animal jars and were continuously observed for the first occurrence of a characteristic behavioral response (twisting and elongation of the body which extends throughout the hindlimbs) within the specified observation period of 10 minutes. The percent of inhibition 15 of this response was calculated as follows: % Inhibition = 100 x (Number of Nonresponders)/(Number of Animals in Group) The estimated ED 50 value (the dose of agonist calculated to produce 50% antinociception) and. the corresponding 95% fiducial intervals were determined using the probit analysis of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949). 20 DATA % of Basal = (stimulate - non-specific)*100/(basal - non-specific). EC50 value values are calculated using a Prism program. RAT ZYMOSAN RADIANT HEAT TEST 25 Following an overnight fast, rats were acclimated to test chambers, which have warm, glass bottoms. A radiant thermal stimulus (beam of light) was then focused on the plantar surface of each hind paw in turn, and an initial (baseline) response time to a thermal stimulus was recorded for each animal. The light stimulus was automatically shut off by a photoelectric relay when the 30 foot moved or when the cut-off time was reached (20 seconds for radiant heat 90 @ 5 Amps). Rats were injected with Zymosan A (100 ptL at 25mg/mL) subcutaneously into the sub-plantar tissue of the left hind paw to stimulate an acute inflammatory reaction. Three hours later, the response time of the animal to the thermal 5 stimulus was then evaluated and compared to the animal's baseline response time. It was typically shorter, and this was recorded as percent hyperalgesia (%H). A cut-off value for %H (-75%) was used during analysis to ensure that the animals were hyperalgesic. Animals were then dosed with test drug or vehicle. At some time(s) later (typically 60 minutes), the response time of the 10 animal to the thermal stimulus was again evaluated. CFA THERMAL HYPERALGESIA Intraplantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in rodents 15 results in a strong, long-lasting inflammatory reaction, characterized by a chronic and pronounced hyperalgesia to both thermal and mechanical stimuli. These effects peak between 24-72 hours following injection and can last for from several days to a few weeks. To assess the ability of JNJ compounds to reverse thermal hyperalgesia, male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-350 g) were 20 given an intraplantar injection of CFA (1:1 CFA:saline, 100 pLL) into their left hindpaw. Following a 24-hour incubation period, response latencies on the Radiant Heat Paw Stimulator (RH) were obtained and compared to baseline (pre-CFA) latencies. The response is automatically registered by the RH device when the rat lifts its paw from the surface of the glass. Only rats that 25 exhibited at least a 25% reduction in response latency from baseline (i.e. hyperalgesia) were Included in further analysis. Following the postCFA latency assessment, rats were dosed orally (2.5mL/kg) with test compound or vehicle (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, HPMC). Percent Reversal of hyperalgesia was calculated for each animal as (Treatment Response - postCFA Response) / 30 (preCFA Response - postCFA Response) x100. Therefore, a return to normal pre-CFA thresholds was defined as 100% efficacy, whereas no change from post-CFA thresholds was 0% efficacy. Average % Reversal of hyperalgesia 91 was then calculated for each treatment group (n=6-8 rats/group). Dose response curves were subsequently obtained at the time of peak effect. ED 50 values and associated statistics were calculated using PharmTools Plus software (The McCary Group). 5 Biological and Mass Spectral Data Table 2 Cmpd rDOR Ki rMOR KI P DOR MAlT %I Parent Cp DRK R GTPTS GTPyS GTPyS @Peak M No. (nM) (nM) EC 5 o(nM) %I EC 50 150pmol obs calcd @ippM (nM) 1 25.5 6410 >10,000 30.8 391.28 390.230 2 0.91 2630 58.6 100 377.24 376.215 3 0.95 6790 47.0 1.00 50 363.22 362.199 4 0.39 301 552 9.00 7.1 511.34 510.252 5 25.3 1290 >10,000 40 481.35 480.278 6 4.25 7914.5 128 73.3 417.33 416.246 7 25.7 9190 1.400 1.00 76.9 377.26 376.215 8 2.1 2820 620 1.00 63.6 403.28 402.231 9 >100000 >100000 363.00 362.199 10 >100000 92530 523.0 522.088 11 317.35 5659 349.0 348.184 12 271.25 1805.5 417.1 416.246 13 143.35 1902.5 445.1 444.187 14 432.45 4822.5 403.1 402.231 15 2043.5 4753 403.1 402.231 16 60.93 1145.5 440.1 439.226 17 218.5 2477 429.1 428.221 18 1997 2421.5 485.1 484.236 19 368.25 2873.5 389.1 388.215 20 23335 247.7 453.2 452.246 92 hMOR DOR Cmpd rDOR Ki rMOR KI hDOR GTP7S GTPyS MAT %I Parent MS No. (nM) (nM) EC(nM) %I EC 5 O @5Omo abs calcd @10pM (nM) 22 45.4 2130.0 >10,000 2.00 467.33 466.262 23 48.38 5555.5 245 403.2 402.231 24 0.57 5692.5 10.2 1.00 389.3 388.215 25 0.01 879.4 1.39 74.00 30(@ 30) 469.0 468.241 26 5479 15.62 41.00 479.1 478.262 27 209 189 465.1 464.246 28 0.07 811 70.3 24.00 40 443.1 442.226 29 0.05. 362 31.6 34.00 30 454.5 453.242 30 10.89 912 2,480 24.00 469.2 468.241 31 29.8 564 253 14.00 405.1 404.221 32 72.99 1493.75 335.4 334.168 33 16.53 5423.75 401.4 400.215 34 >10000 >10000 420.3 419.221 35 7.01 >10000 271 17.00 407.0 406.226 36 0.79 >10000 42.5 14.00 466.3 465.242 37 2.02 >10000 921 5.00 406.9 406.171 38 31.82 5518 342 429.0 428.246 39 8.43 1682.5 94.9 447.4 446.257 40 11.98 >10000 267 463.8 462.234 41 5198.15 >10000 435.0 433.236 42 14.67 8792 266 4.00 364.9 364.22 43 10000 >10000 379.2 378.231 44 0.15 77.17 0.873 28.00 480.3 479.13 45 4.57 >100.00 14.3 433.4 432.57 46 0.88 >100.00 4.79 468.60 468.60 47 4.5 48.30 125 59.23 539.4 538.71 48 0.90 >100.00 18.8 66.7 405.4 404.58 49 25.0 >100.00 252 459.7 458.67 50 10.2 >100.00 236 493.5 492.75 93 hDOR hMOR DOR MAlT %I Parent Cmpd rDOR KI rMOR Ki GTPyS GTPyS GTPyS M Peak MS No. (nM) (nM) GToyS %I EC 5 0 15Ogmol obs calcd ) EC(nM) @10pM (nM) 51 4.85 >100.00 62.8 449.2 448.63 52 0.61 >100.00 4.44 66 50 389.3 388.22 53 50.09 >1 00.00 257 2059 60 389.3 388.22 54 68.45 715 20 361.2 360.46 55 66.48 1855 >1000 20 361.2 360.46 56 161.375 711.95 40 361.2 360.46 57 396.67 5262 361.3 360.46 58 1160.2 2978 375.3 374.48 59 10.56 3336.5 403 402.54 60 4.621 835.8 416.9 416.57 61 133.3 7180 188 40 404.9 404.58 62 2.958 739.1 8.35 33.3 404.9 404.58 63 107.5 1729 375.2 374.48 64 117.635 711.4 347.1 346.43 65 197.345 857.7 333.1 332.40 66 3.1205 2954 403.2 402.54 67 54.39 10887 403.2 402.54 68 0.740 1294 22 419.1 418.54 69 4.99 5830 126 407.1 406.50 70 2.31 5742.5 419.1 418.54 71 Enant. A 2771.5 468.9 468.60 72 Enant. B 0.170 375.03 468.9 468.60 73 11.98 884 77.9 403.4 402.54 74 3.79 848.15 485.0 484.67 75 0.122 200.34 485.0 484.67 76 1.70 284.5 5.91 405.1 404.51 77 1023 >10000 419.1 418.54 78 473 472.53 79 473.1 472.53 94 hDOR hMOR DOR MAIT %I Parent Cmpd rDOR KI rMOR Ki G yS GTPyS GTPyS Pek M No. (nM) (nM) GTPyS %I EC 50 @ eak calcd ECso(nM) @1 pPM (nM) 150pmol obs 80 259.65 472.6 377.3 376.52 81 77.565 837.65 377.4 376.52 82 44.4 3098 405.0 404.51 83 138.56 17720 467 467.41 84 2890 37790 465.2 464.61 85 3004.5 10700 466.1 465.60 86 1755 12525 455.1 454.57 87 12060 29025 421.1 520.70 88 1082.5 15250 554.2 553.70 89 1953 18670 466.2 465.60 90 836.15 12360 471.1 470.64 91 1351.5 6702 484.1 483.61 92 2.0925 2.093 55.3 389.2 388.51 93 >1 0000 >10000 454.4 453.59 94 2.279 674.2 14.1 467 467.41 95 25.45 6516.5 465.3 464.61 96 1.692 4224 35.3 466.1 465.60 97 1.7785 1806 13.3 455.1 454.57 98 24.54 7355 516.2 515.66 99 19.335 3488 12.5 471.0 470.64 100 0.27385 5.854 0.452 405.0 404.51 101 9.14235 532.3 19.3 466 465.60 102 68.03 2860 407.1 406.50 rDOR Ki: Rat brain delta opioid receptor binding rMOR KI: Rat brain mu opioid receptor binding hDOR gtp: human delta opioid receptor GTPyS functional assay 5 hMOR gtp: human mu opioid receptor GTPyS functional assay DOR gtp: delta opioid receptor GTPyS functional assay 95 MAlT: Mouse Abdominal Irritant Test Compounds I and 5, at 10 uM, did not significantly stimulate GTP binding. However, at 10 uM they inhibited GTP binding induced with 1 uM 5 DPDPE by 61% and 19%, respectively. The results indicate that these two compounds may be delta opioid receptor antagonists. 10 96

Claims

1. A compound of Formula (I): N' R1 R2 R5 A R3 5 Formula (I) wherein: R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1 - 8 alkanyl; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 ..alkanyl, 10 halo1.. 3 (C1-a)alkanyl, C 2 -salkenyl, C 2 - 8 alkynyl, C3- 8 cycloalkanyl, cycloalkanyl(C 1 . 8 )alkanyl, C 1 . 8 alkanyloxy(C1- 8 )alkanyl, C 1 - 8 alkanylthio(C 1 - 8 )alkanyl, hydroxyC 1 . 8 alkanyl, C1.8alkanyloxycarbonyl, halo1- 3 (C 1 -)alkanylcarbonyl, formyl, thioformyl, carbamimidoyl, phenylimino(C 1 . 8 )alkanyl, 15 phenyl(C1.a)alkanyl, phenyl(C 1 .. )alkenyl, phenyl(C 1 .8)alkynyl, naphthyl(C1-a)alkanyl and heteroaryl(C 1 .)alkanyl; wherein phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C1. 6 alkanyl, C 2 -ealkenyl, C 1 . 6 alkanyloxy, amino, 20 C 1 . 6 alkanylamino, di(C 1 . 6 alkanyl)amino, C 1 . 6 alkanylcarbonyl, C 1 .. salkanylcarbonyloxy, C 1 ..alkanylcarbonylamino, C1. 6 alkanylthio, C1. 6 alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, fluoroalkanyl, thioureido, and fluoroalkanyloxy; or optionally, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two 25 substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the 97 fused moiety is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 )3- 5 and -O(CH 2 ) 1 - 3 0-; R 4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 . 6 alkanyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 1 . 6 alkanyloxy, 5 amino, C 1 . 6 alkanylamino, di(C 1 . 6 alkanyl)amino, C 1 .ealkanylcarbonyl, C 1 . 6 alkanylcarbonyloxy, C1. 6 alkanyloxycarbonyl, C 1 . 6 alkanylaminocarbonyl, di(C1.salkanyl)aminocarbonyl, C1. 6 alkanylcarbonylamino, C 1 . 6 alkanylthio, C1.ealkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, 10 hydroxycarbonyl, Cs.1oaryl, chromanyl, chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, 15 thiophenyl, fluoroalkanyl and fluoroalkanyloxy; or optionally, when R 4 is two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the fused moiety is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 ) 3 -5 and -O(CH 2 )1- 3 0-; 20 R5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1. 6 alkanyl, C 2 .salkenyl, C1. 6 alkanyloxy, amino, CI 6 alkanylamino, di(CI. 6 alkanyl)amino, C1.ealkanylcarbonyl, C1.6alkanylcarbonyloxy, C1.6alkanyloxycarbonyl, C1.ealkanylaminocarbonyl, 25 C1-alkanylcarbonylamino, C1.6alkanylthio, C1. 6 alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, fluoroalkanyl and fluoroalkanyloxy; A is -(CH 2 )m, wherein m is 0, 2 or 3; Y is -(CH 2 )nX- or -X(CH 2 )n-; X is 0 or S; 30 n is 0 or 1; Z is O or S; and enantlomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 98

2. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 14 alkanyl. 5

3. The compound according to claim I wherein R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and propyl. 10 4. The compound according to claim I wherein R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and ethyl.

5. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R 3 is selected from the 15 group.consisting of hydrogen, C 1 .salkanyl, C 2 - 8 alkenyl, C2- 8 alkynyl, C 1 . 8 alkanyloxy(C 1 .)alkanyl, C 1 .salkanylthio(C 1 . 8 )alkanyl, hydroxyC 1 - 8 alkanyl, thioformyl, phenylimino(C 1 - 8 )alkanyl, phenyl(C1. 8 )alkanyl, and heteroaryl(C 1 . 8 )alkanyl; wherein phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents 20 independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 . 6 alkanyloxy and hydroxy; or optionally, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the moiety is selected from O(CH 2 ) 1 - 3 0. 25

6. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, allyl, 2-methyl-allyl, propynyl, hydroxyethyl, thioformyl, phenyliminomethyl, phenethyl, and heteroary(C 1 . 8 )alkanyl; wherein the phenyl in any phenyl-containing 30 substituent is optionally substituted with one hydroxyl group.

7. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R 3 is hydrogen or methyl, allyl, heteroarylmethyl. 99

8. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R 4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 . 6 alkanyl, C 1 .salkanyloxy, C1..alkanylaminocarbonyl, 5 C 1 -alkanylcarbonylamino, halogen, hydroxy, C 6 .1oaryl, chromanyl, chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, and thiophenyl, 10

9. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C14alkanyl, C 1 . 4 alkanyloxy, halogen, phenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, 15 isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, and hydroxy.

10. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R 4 is one to two 20, substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, bromo, fluoro, 5- or 6-phenyl, 5- or 6 pyridinyl, 5- or 6-furanyl, and hydroxy.

11. The compound according to claim 10 wherein Y is O or S. 25

12. The compound according to claim I wherein R 5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen. 30 13. The compound according-to claim I wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

14. The compound according to claim I wherein A is (CH 2 )o- 2 . 100

15. The compound according to claim 1 wherein A is -(CH 2 ) 2 -.

16. The compound according to claim 1 wherein X is 0 or S. 5 17. The compound according to claim 1 wherein n is 0.

18. The compound according to claim 1 wherein Z is 0.

19. A compound of Formula (I): I N' R, R4 , R5 A R 3 10 Formula (I) wherein R 1 is C 1 . 3 alkanyl; R 2 is C1. 3 alkanyl or hydrogen; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -8alkanyl, 15 C 2 - 8 alkenyl, C 2 - 8 alkynyl, CI.salkanyloxy(C1. 8 )alkanyl, C1-aalkanylthio(C 1 .-)alkanyl, hydroxyC 1 . 8 alkanyl, thioformyl, phenylimino(C 1 .. a)alkanyl, phenyl(C1- 8 )alkanyl, and heteroaryl(C 1 -8)alkanyl; wherein phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from 20 the group consisting of C1. 6 alkanyloxy and hydroxy; or optionally, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the moiety is selected from -O(CH 2 ) 1 - 3 0-; R 4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group 25 consisting of hydrogen, C 1 - 6 alkanyl, C 1 . 6 alkanyloxy, CIealkanylaminocarbonyl, C1.6alkanylcarbonylamino, halogen, hydroxy, Ce.1oaryl, chromanyl, chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, 101 indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, and thiophenyl; 5 R 5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen; A is absent or CH 2 CH 2 ; Y is 0, S, CH 2 0 or OCH 2 ; Z is 0; and 10 enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

20. The compound according to claim 19 wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl or hydrogen; and R 3 is benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, carbamimidoyl, 1-H 15 imidazol-4-yl methyl, phenyliminomethyl, 1-prop-2-ynyl, thioformyl, 2 hyd roxyphenyl-methyl, hydroxyethyl, methoxyethyl, 2-methyl-allyl, 2 methyl-but-2-enyl, allyl, furan-3-yl methyl, H, Me, methylthioethyl, phenethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, or thiophen-2-ylmethyl. 20 21. The compound according to claim 19 wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl; and R 3 is benzo[1 ,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, carbamimidoyl, 1-H-imidazol-4 ylmethyl, phenyliminomethyl, 1-prop-2-ynyl, thioformyl, 2 hydroxyphenyl-methyl, hydroxyethyl, methoxyethyl, allyl, furan-3 ylmethyl, H, Me, methylthioethyl, or phenethyl. 25

22. The compound according to claim 19 wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl; and R 3 is H, benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, 1-H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl, furan-3-ylmethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, or phenyliminomethyl. 30 23. The compound according to claim 19 wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, allyl, or heteroarylmethyl.

24. The compound according to claim 19 wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, 102 allyl, or heteroarylmethyl; and R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, bromo, fluoro, 5- or 6-phenyl, 5- or 6-pyridinyl, 5- or 6-furanyl, and hydroxy; and R 5 is hydrogen. 5

25. A compound of Formula (I): N' R1 I R2 R5 A IR3 Formula (1) wherein R1 is C1..3alkanyl; 10 R 2 is C1- 3 alkanyl or hydrogen; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, allyl, 2 methyl-allyl, propynyl, hydroxyethyl, thioformyl, phenyliminomethyl, phenethyl, and heteroary(C 1 .8)alkanyl; wherein the phenyl in any phenyl-containing substituent is optionally substituted with one hydroxyl 15 group; R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 . 4 alkanyl, C 1 .. 4 alkariyloxy, halogen, phenyl, furanyl, Imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, 20 pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, and hydroxy; R 5 is hydrogen; A is CH 2 CH 2 ; Y is O orS; 25 Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 103

26. The compound according to claim 25 wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, allyl, or heteroarylmethyl. 5 27. The compound according to claim 25 wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, allyl, or heteroarylmethyl; and R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, bromo, fluoro, 5- or 6-phenyl, 5- or 6-pyridinyl, 5- or 6-furanyl, and hydroxy; and. R 5 is hydrogen. 10

28. A compound of Formula (I) YZ N' R1 R4--- R2 R5 A N R 3 Formula (I) selected from the group consisting of a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 Is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 O, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 .is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1 benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; 104 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is furan-3-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is furan-3-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is pyridin-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 2 hydroxyphenyl-methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (i) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1 carbamimidoyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-prop-2-ynyl, R4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is methylcarbonylamino, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is hydroxy-ethyl, R 4 is H, Rs is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is phenyliminomethyl, R 4 is H, Rq is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is thioformyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; 105 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methoxy ethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methylthioethyl, R4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is pyridin-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 2-hydroxy ethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 4-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Zis 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is cyclopropylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is methylthio propyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 2-hydroxy ethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol-4-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 2-methyl-but-2 enyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; 106 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 2-methyl-allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenyl-methyl, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (i) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 1,1,1 trichloroethoxycarbonyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is cyclopropylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z Is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is pyridin-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is thiophen-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is methyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; 107 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isobutyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is n-propyl, R 2 is n-propyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 Is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is n-propyl, R 2 is H, R3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is H, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 methyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 methyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 fluoro, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 5-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is n-butyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 4-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is trifluoromethylcarbonyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; 108 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 bromo, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 phenyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 pyridin-4-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 furan-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 Is H, R 4 is 7 benzothiophen-2-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 Is 7-(N t-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrol-2-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 pyridin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 thiophen-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 (3,5-dimethyl)isoxazol-4-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isopropyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R3 is H, R 4 is 7 pyrrol-2-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 bromo, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 phenyl, Rs is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-4-yl, Rs is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; 109 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 furan-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 quinolin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 thiophen-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 Is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 Is 5 fluoro, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

29. A compound of Formula (I) N' R1 R5 A N R 3 5 Formula (I) selected from the group consisting of a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; and a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 1 -H-imidazol-4-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 2-methyl-but-2 enyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; 110 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is 2-methyl-allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is allyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R2 is H, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is phenethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is pyridin-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is H, R 3 is thiophen-2-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent, Y is CH 2 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula of Formula (1) (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R2 is H, R3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is absent,.Y is 0, and Z is 0; and a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 5-yl methyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is 1-H-imidazol 4-ylmethyl, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-4-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 furan-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isopropyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 bromo, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; 111 a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 6 methyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is S, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is n-propyl, R 2 is n-propyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 fluoro, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isobutyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 Is methyl, R 2 is n-butyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 quinolin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 thiophen-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 phenyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isopropyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

30. A compound of Formula (I) 112 Y Z N' R1 R5,R A IR3 Formula (I) selected from the group consisting of: a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 hydroxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 methoxy, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-4-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 furan-3-yi, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R3 is H, R 4 is 6 methyl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 7 fluoro, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (1) wherein R, is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 5 pyridin-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y Is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R4 is 5 thiophen-3-yl, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; a compound of Formula (I) wherein R 1 is methyl, R 2 is isopropyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 5

31. A composition comprising the dextrorotatory enantiomer of a compound of formula (1) 113 Y Z N' R1 R4-- -- I A IR.3 Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R6 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, and Z is 0; wherein said composition is substantially free from the levorotatory isomer of said compound. 5

32. A composition comprising the levororotatory enantiomer of a compound of formula (1) y z' N'R R2 R5 A R3 Formula (I) wherein R 1 is ethyl, R 2 is ethyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is H, R 5 is H, A is CH 2 CH 2 , Y is 0, 10 and Z is 0; wherein said composition is substantially free from the dextrorotatory isomer of said compound.

33. - A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to any of claims 1 admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable 15 carrier, excipient or diluent.

34. A veterinary composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 1 admixed with a veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. 20

35. A method of treating or preventing a disease or condition in a mammal 114 which disease or condition is affected by the modulation of delta opioid receptors, which method comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment or prevention a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 1. 5

36. The method of claim 35 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.001 mg to about 1,000 mg.

37. The method of claim 35 wherein said therapeutically effective amount 10 comprises a dose range of from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg.

38. The method of claim 35 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about I mg to about 250 mg. 15 39. A method for preventing or treating mild to severe pain comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 1.

40. The method of claim 39 wherein the pain is selected from the group 20 consisting of inflammatory pain, centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, structural related pain, cancer/pain, soft tissue injury related pain, progressive disease related pain, neuropathic pain and acute pain from acute injury, acute pain from trauma, acute pain from surgery, chronic pain from headache, chronic pain from neuropathic conditions, chronic pain from post 25 stroke conditions and chronic pain from migraine.

41. The method of claim 39 wherein the pain is caused by a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, headache, toothache, burn, sunburn, snake 30 bite, spider bite, insect sting, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, interstitial cystitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis/hypersensitivity, itch, eczema, pharyngitis, mucositis, enteritis, cellulites, causalgia, sciatic neuritis, mandibular joint neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, stump pain, phantom limb pain, 115 post-operative ileus, cholecystitis, postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral neuropathic pain, Charcot's pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, burning-mouth syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, migraine headache, 5 peripheral neuropathy, bilateral peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, optic neuritis, postfebrile neuritis, migrating neuritis, segmental neuritis, Gombault's neuritis, neuronitis, cervicobrachial neuralgia, cranial neuralgia, geniculate neuralgia, glossopharyngial neuralgia, migrainous neuralgia, idiopathic neuralgia, 10 intercostals neuralgia, mammary neuralgia, Morton's neuralgia, nasociliary neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, red neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, splenopalatine neuralgia, supraorbital neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, sinus headache, tension headache, labor, childbirth, menstrual cramps, and cancer. 15 42. A method for treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of depression, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, gastritis, urinary incontinence, premature ejaculation, diarrhea, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically 20 effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 1.

43. The method of claim 39 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.001 mg to about 1,000 mg. 25 44. The method of claim 39 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg.

45. The method of claim 39 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 1 mg to about 250 mg. 30

46. A kit comprising in one or more containers an amount of the composition of claim 1 effective to treat or prevent mild to severe pain. 116

47. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 19 admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. 5 48. A veterinary composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 19 admixed with a veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

49. A method for preventing or treating mild to severe pain, said method 10 comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 19.

50. The method of claim 49 wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory pain, centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated 15 pain, structural related pain, cancer/pain, soft tissue injury related pain, progressive disease related pain, neuropathic pain and acute pain from acute injury, acute pain from trauma, acute pain from surgery, chronic pain from headache, chronic pain from neuropathic conditions, chronic pain from post stroke conditions and chronic pain from migraine. 20

51. The method of claim 49 wherein the pain is caused by a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, headache, toothache, burn, sunburn, snake bite, spider bite, insect sting, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, 25 interstitial cystitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis/hypersensitivity, itch, eczema, pharyngitis, mucositis, enteritis, cellulites, causalgia, sciatic neuritis, mandibular joint neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, stump pain, phantom limb pain, post-operative ileus, cholecystitis, postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral neuropathic pain, Charcot's pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Guillain-Barre 30 syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, burning-mouth syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, migraine headache, peripheral neuropathy, bilateral peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, optic neuritis, postfebrile neuritis, 117 migrating neuritis, segmental neuritis, Gombault's neuritis, neuronitis, cervicobrachial neuralgia, cranial neuralgia, geniculate neuralgia, glossopharyngial neuralgia, migrainous neuralgia, idiopathic neuralgia, intercostals neuralgia, mammary neuralgia, Morton's neuralgia, nasociliary 5 neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, red neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, splenopalatine neuralgia, supraorbital neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, sinus headache, tension headache, labor, childbirth, menstrual cramps, and cancer.

52. A method for treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from 10 the group consisting of depression, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, gastritis, urinary incontinence, premature ejaculation, diarrhea, cancer/pain, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 19. 15

53. The method of claim 49 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.001 mg to about 1,000 mg.

54. The method of claim 49 wherein said therapeutically effective amount 20 comprises a dose range of from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg.

55. The method of claim 49 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 1 mg to about 250 mg. 25 56. A kit comprising in one or more containers an amount of the composition of claim 19 effective to treat or prevent mild to severe pain.

57. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 25 admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, 30 excipient or diluent.

58. A veterinary composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 25 admixed with a veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient 118 or diluent.

59. A method for preventing or treating mild to severe pain, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a 5 therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 25.

60. The method of claim 59 wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory pain, centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, structural related pain, cancer/pain, soft tissue injury related pain, 10 progressive disease related pain, neuropathic pain and acute pain from acute injury, acute pain from trauma, acute pain from surgery, chronic pain from headache, chronic pain from neuropathic conditions, chronic pain from post stroke conditions and chronic pain from migraine. 15 61. The method of claim 59 wherein the pain is caused by a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, headache, toothache, burn, sunburn, snake bite, spider bite, insect sting, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, interstitial cystitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis/hypersensitivity, itch, eczema, 20 pharyngitis, mucositis, enteritis, cellulites, causalgia, sciatic neuritis, mandibular joint neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, stump pain, phantom limb pain, post-operative ileus, cholecystitis, postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral neuropathic pain, Charcot's pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, burning-mouth syndrome, post-herpetic 25 neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, duster headache, migraine headache, peripheral neuropathy, bilateral peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, optic neuritis, postfebrile neuritis, migrating neuritis, segmental neuritis, Gombault's neuritis, neuronitis, cervicobrachial neuralgia, cranial neuralgia, geniculate neuralgia, 30 glossopharyngial neuralgia, migrainous neuralgia, idiopathic neuralgia, intercostals neuralgia, mammary neuralgia, Morton's neuralgia, nasociliary neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, red neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, splenopalatine neuralgia, supraorbital neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, sinus headache, tension 119 headache, labor, childbirth, menstrual cramps, and cancer.

62. A method for treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of depression, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, alcohol 5 abuse, gastritis, urinary incontinence, premature ejaculation, diarrhea, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 25. 10 63. The method of claim 59 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.001 mg to about 1,000 mg.

64. The method of claim 59 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg. 15

65. The method of claim 59 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 1 mg to about 250 mg.

66. A kit comprising in one or more containers an amount of the 20 composition of claim 25 effective to treat or prevent mild to severe pain.

67. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 28 admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. 25

68. A veterinary composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 28 admixed with a veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

69. A method for preventing or treating mild to severe pain, said method 30 comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 28.

70. The method of claim 69 wherein the pain is selected from the group 120 consisting of inflammatory pain, centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, structural related pain, cancer/pain, soft tissue injury related pain, progressive disease related pain, neuropathic pain and acute pain from acute injury, acute pain from trauma, acute pain from surgery, chronic pain from 5 headache, chronic pain from neuropathic conditions, chronic pain from post stroke conditions and chronic pain from migraine.

71. The method of claim 69 wherein the pain is caused by a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid 10 arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, headache, toothache, burn, sunburn, snake bite, spider bite, insect sting, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, interstitial cystitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis/hypersensitivity, itch, eczema, pharyngitis, mucositis, enteritis, cellulites, causalgia, sciatic neuritis, mandibular joint neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, stump pain, phantom limb pain, 15 post-operative ileus, cholecystitis, postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral neuropathic pain, Charcot's pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, burning-mouth syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, migraine headache, peripheral neuropathy, bilateral peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, 20 postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, optic neuritis, postfebrile neuritis, migrating neuritis, segmental neuritis, Gombault's neuritis, neuronitis, cervicobrachial neuralgia, cranial neuralgia, geniculate neuralgia, glossopharyngial neuralgia, migrainous neuralgia, idiopathic neuralgia, intercostals neuralgia, mammary neuralgia, Morton's neuralgia, nasociliary 25 neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, red neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, splenopalatine neuralgia, supraorbital neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, sinus headache, tension headache, labor, childbirth, menstrual cramps, and cancer.

72. A method for treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from 30 the group consisting of depression, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, gastritis, urinary incontinence, premature ejaculation, diarrhea, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically 121 effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 28.

73. The method of claim 69 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.001 mg to about 1,000 mg. 5

74. The method of claim 69 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg.

75. The method of claim 69 wherein said therapeutically effective amount 10 comprises a dose range of from about 1 mg to about 250 mg.

76. A kit comprising in one or more containers an amount of the composition of claim 28 effective to treat or prevent mild to severe pain. 15 77. . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 29 admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

78. A veterinary composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate 20 according to claim 29 admixed with a veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

79. A method for preventing or treating mild to severe pain, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a 25 therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 29.

80. The method of claim 79 wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory pain, centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, structural related pain, cancer/pain, soft tissue injury related pain, 30 progressive disease related pain, neuropathic pain and acute pain from acute injury, acute pain from trauma, acute pain from surgery, chronic pain from headache, chronic pain from neuropathic conditions, chronic pain from post stroke conditions and chronic pain from migraine. 122

81. The method of claim 79 wherein the pain is caused by a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, headache, toothache, burn, sunburn, snake 5 bite, spider bite, insect sting, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, interstitial cystitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis/hypersensitivity, itch, eczema, pharyngitis, mucositis, enteritis, cellulites, causalgia, sciatic neuritis, mandibular joint neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, stump pain, phantom limb pain, post-operative ileus, cholecystitis, postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral 10 neuropathic pain, Charcot's pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, burning-mouth syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, migraine headache, peripheral neuropathy, bilateral peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, optic neuritis, postfebrile neuritis, 15 migrating neuritis, segmental neuritis, Gombault's neuritis, neuronitis, cervicobrachial neuralgia, cranial neuralgia, geniculate neuralgia, glossopharyngial neuralgia, migrainous neuralgia, idiopathic neuralgia, intercostals neuralgia, mammary neuralgia, Morton's neuralgia, nasociliary neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, red neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, splenopalatine 20 neuralgia, supraorbital neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, sinus headache, tension headache, labor, childbirth, menstrual cramps, and cancer.

82. A method for treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of depression, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, alcohol 25 abuse, gastritis, urinary incontinence, premature ejaculation, diarrhea, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 29. 30 83. The method of claim 79 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.001 mg to about 1,000 mg.

84. The method of claim 79 wherein said therapeutically effective amount 123 comprises a dose range of from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg.

85. The method of claim 79 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 1 mg to about 250 mg. 5

86. A kit comprising in one or more containers an amount of the composition of claim 29 effective to treat or prevent mild to severe pain.

87. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate 10 according to claim 31 admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.

88. A veterinary composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 31 admixed with a veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient 15 or diluent.

89. A method for preventing or treating mild to severe pain, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 31. 20

90. The method of claim 89 wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory. pain, centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, structural related pain, cancer/pain, soft tissue injury related pain, progressive disease related pain, neuropathic pain and acute pain from acute 25 injury, acute pain from trauma, acute pain from surgery, chronic pain from headache, chronic pain from neuropathic conditions, chronic pain from post stroke conditions and chronic pain from migraine.

91. The method of claim 89 wherein the pain is caused by a disease or 30 condition selected from the group consisting of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, headache, toothache, burn, sunburn, snake bite, spider bite, insect sting, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, interstitial cystitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis/hypersensitivity, itch, eczema, 124 pharyngitis, mucositis, enteritis, cellulites, causalgia, sciatic neuritis, mandibular joint neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, stump pain, phantom limb pain, post-operative ileus, cholecystitis, postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral neuropathic pain, Charcot's pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Guillain-Barre 5 syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, burning-mouth syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, migraine headache, peripheral neuropathy, bilateral peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, optic neuritis, postfebrile neuritis, migrating neuritis, segmental neuritis, Gombault's neuritis, neuronitis, 10 cervicobrachial neuralgia, cranial neuralgia, geniculate neuralgia, glossopharyngial neuralgia, migrainous neuralgia, idiopathic neuralgia, intercostals neuralgia, mammary neuralgia, Morton's neuralgia, nasociliary neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, red neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, splenopalatine neuralgia, supraorbital neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, sinus headache, tension 15 headache, labor, childbirth, menstrual cramps, and cancer.

92. A method for treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of depression, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, gastritis, urinary incontinence, premature ejaculation, diarrhea, 20 cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim3l.

93. The method of claim 89 wherein said therapeutically effective amount 25 comprises a dose range of from about 0.001 mg to about 1,000 mg.

94. The method of claim 89 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg. 30 95. The method of claim 89 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 1 mg to about 250 mg.

96. A kit comprising in one or more containers an amount of the 125 composition of claim 31 effective to treat or prevent mild to severe pain.

97. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 32 admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, 5 excipient or diluent.

98. A veterinary composition comprising a compound, salt or solvate according to claim 32 admixed with a veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. 1.0

99. A method for preventing or treating mild to severe pain, said method comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim 32. 15 100. The method of claim 99 wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory pain, centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, structural related pain, cancer/pain, soft tissue injury related pain, progressive disease related pain, neuropathic pain and acute pain from acute injury, acute pain from trauma, acute pain from surgery, chronic pain from 20 headache, chronic pain from neuropathic conditions, chronic pain from post stroke Conditions and chronic pain from migraine.

101. The method of claim 99 wherein the pain is caused by a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid 25 arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, headache, toothache, burn, sunburn, snake bite, spider bite, insect sting, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, interstitial cystitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis/hypersensitivity, itch, eczema, pharyngitis, mucositis, enteritis, cellulites, causalgia, sciatic neuritis, mandibular joint neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, stump pain, phantom limb pain, 30 post-operative ileus, cholecystitis, postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral neuropathic pain, Charcot's pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, burning-mouth syndrome, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, migraine headache, 126 peripheral neuropathy, bilateral peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, optic neuritis, postfebrile neuritis, migrating neuritis, segmental neuritis, Gombault's neuritis, neuronitis, cervicobrachial neuralgia, cranial neuralgia, geniculate neuralgia, 5 glossopharyngial neuralgia, migrainous neuralgia, idiopathic neuralgia, intercostals neuralgia, mammary neuralgia, Morton's neuralgia, nasociliary neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, red neuralgia, Sluder's neuralgia, splenopalatine neuralgia, supraorbital neuralgia, vidian neuralgia, sinus headache, tension headache, labor, childbirth, menstrual cramps, and cancer. 10

102. A method for treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of depression, Parkinson's disease, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, gastritis, urinary incontinence, premature ejaculation, diarrhea, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, said method comprising the 15 step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, salt or solvate of claim32.

103. The method of claim 99 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.001 mg to about 1,000 mg. 20

104. The method of.claim 99 wherein said therapeutically effective amount comprises a dose range of from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg.

105. The method of claim 99 wherein said therapeutically effective amount 25 comprises a dose range of from about 1 mg to about 250 mg.

106. A kit comprising in one or more containers an amount of the composition of claim 32 effective to treat or prevent mild to severe pain. 30

107. A compound of Formula (I): 127 Y Z N' R1 R4--- | I R2 R5 A R3 Formula (I) wherein: R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-ealkanyt; 5 R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, CI.alkanyl, halo1-3(C1.a)alkanyl, C2- 8 alkenyl, C 2 - 8 alkynyl, C 3 - 8 cycloalkanyl, cycloalkanyl(C1.a)alkanyl, C1.8alkanyloxy(C1-l)alkanyl, C1.8alkanylthio(Cl-8)alkanyl, hydroxyC 1 - 8 alkanyl, C1-8alkanyloxycarbonyl, halo1..3(Cl-8)alkanylcarbonyl, formyl, 10 thioformyl, carbamimidoyl, phenylimino(C 1 -)alkanyl, phenyl(C 1 -)alkanyl, phenyl(C 1 - 8 )alkenyl, phenyl(C 1 .8)alkynyl, naphthyl(C 1 . 8 )alkanyl and heteroaryl(C 1 - 8 )alkanyl; wherein phenyl, naphthyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group 15 consisting of C 1 . 6 alkanyl, C 2 -6aikenyl, C 1 .ealkanyloxy, amino, C1.6alkanylamino, di(CI 6 alkanyl)amino, C1. 6 alkanylcarbonyl, C1.ealkanylcarbonyloxy, CI.6alkanylcarbonylamino, C1.6alkanylthio, Cl6alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, fluoroalkanyl, thioureido, and fluoroalkanyoxy; or optionally, when 20 phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the fused moiety is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 ) 3 . 5 and -O(CH 2 ) 1 - 3 0-; 25 R 4 is one to three substituents Independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1. 6 alkanyl, C2. 6 alkenyl, C1.6alkanyloxy, amino, Cl6alkanylamino, di(C1. 6 alkanyl)amino, 128 Cl6alkanylcarbonyl, C 1 .alkanylcarbonyloxy, C1.ealkanyloxycarbonyl, CI.6alkanylaminocarbonyl, di(C 1 .ealkanyl)aminocarbonyl, C1.6alkanylcarbonylamino, C 1 . 6 alkanylthio, C1.6alkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, 5 hydroxycarbonyl, C6.1oaryl, chromanyl, chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinollnyl, Isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, 10 thiophenyl, fluoroalkanyl and fluoroalkanyloxy; or optionally, when R 4 is two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the fused moiety is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 )3-5 and -O(CH 2 ) 1 .. 3 0-; 15 R 5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1. 6 alkanyl, C 2 -ealkenyl, C1.ealkanyloxy, amino, CI.6alkanylamino, di(C1.6alkanyl)amino, C1.ealkanylcarbonyl, C1.alkanylcarbonyloxy, Cl6alkanyloxycarbonyl, C1.6alkanylaminocarbonyl, 20 C 1 . 6 alkanylcarbonylamino, C 1 .ealkanylthio, C1.ealkanylsulfonyl, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, fluoroalkanyl and fluoroalkanyloxy; A is -(CH 2 )m-, wherein m is 2 or 3; Y is -(CH 2 )nX- or -X(CH 2 )n-; X is 0 or S; 25 n is 0 or 1; Z is 0 or S; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 30 108. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and CI4alkanyl. 129

109. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and propyl. 5 110. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 1 and R 2 are substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and ethyl.

111. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 3 is selected from the 10 group.consisting. of hydrogen, C1.8alkanyl, C 2 - 8 alkenyl, C2-salkynyl, CI8alkanyloxy(C1.e)alkanyl, C 1 . 8 alkanylthio(C 1 - 8 )alkanyl, hydroxyC,. 5 alkanyl, thioformyl, phenylimino(C 1 - 8 )alkanyl, phenyl(C 1 . 8 )alkanyl, and heteroary(C 1 -)alkanyl; wherein phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one to three substituents 15 independently selected from the group consisting of C1. 6 alkanyloxy and hydroxy; or optionally, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two substituents attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the moiety is selected from O(CH 2 ) 1 - 3 0. 20

112. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, allyl, 2-methyl-allyl, propynyl, hydroxyethyl, thioformyl, phenyliminomethyl, phenethyl, and heteroaryl(C 1 - 8 )alkanyl; wherein the phenyl in any phenyl-containing 25 substituent is optionally substituted with one hydroxyl group.

113. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 3 is hydrogen or methyl, allyl, heteroarylmethyl. 30 114. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1.salkanyl, C 1 . 6 alkanyloxy, C1.6alkanylaminocarbonyl, Ci.ealkanylcarbonylamino, halogen, hydroxy, Cs. 10 aryl, chromanyl, 130 chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, and thiophenyl. 5

115. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1. 4 alkanyl, C1. 4 alkanyloxy, halogen, phenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, 10 isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, and hydroxy.

116. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 4 is one to two 15 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, bromo, fluoro, 5- or 6-phenyl, 5- or 6 pyridinyl, 5- or 6-furanyl, and hydroxy.

117. The compound according to claim 10 wherein Y is 0 or S. 20

118. The compound according to claim 117 wherein R 5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen. 25 119. The compound according to claim 107 wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

120. The compound according to claim 107 wherein A is (0H 2 )0. 2 I

121. The compound according to claim 107 wherein X is 0 or S. 30

122. The compound according to claim 107 wherein n is 0.

123. The compound according to claim 107 wherein Z is 0. 131

124. A compound of Formula (I): Y Z R5 A R 3 Formula (I) 5 wherein R 1 is C 1 - 3 alkanyl; R 2 is C1- 3 alkanyl or hydrogen; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 .salkanyl, C2-8alkenyl, C 2 -8alkynyl, C 1 -alkanyloxy(C 1 .)alkanyl, C1-8alkanylthio(C1. 8 )alkanyl, hydroxyC 1 -alkanyl, thioformyl, 10 phenylimino(CI.)alkanyl, phenyl(C 1 .s)alkanyl, and heteroaryl(C 1 .-)alkanyl; wherein phenyl and heteroary are optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of CI 6 alkanyloxy and hydroxy; or optionally, when phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with two substituents 15 attached to adjacent carbon atoms, the two substituents together form a single fused moiety; wherein the moiety is selected from -O(CH 2 )1- 3 0-; R 4 is one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 .-alkanyl, C1.ealkanyloxy, C1.6alkanylaminocarbonyl, C1.ealkanylcarbonylamino, halogen, hydroxy, 20 C6.loaryl, chromanyl, chromenyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, Indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, and thiophenyl; 25 R 5 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen; A is CH 2 CH 2 ; 132 Y is 0, S, CH 2 0 or OCH 2 ; Z is 0; and enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 5

125. The compound according to claim 124 wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl or hydrogen; and R 3 is benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, carbamimidoyl, 1-H imidazol-4-yl methyl, phenyliminomethyl, 1-prop-2-ynyl, thioformyl, 2 hydroxyphenyl-methyl, hydroxyethyl, methoxyethyl, 2-methyl-allyl, 2 10 methyl-but-2-enyl, allyl, furan-3-yl methyl, H, Me, methylthioethyl, phenethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, or thiophen-2-ylmethyl.

126. The compound according to claim 124 wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl; and R 3 is benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, carbamimidoyl, 1-H-imidazol-4 15 ylmethyl, phenyliminomethyl, 1-prop-2-ynyl, thioformyl, 2 hydroxyphenyl-methyl, hydroxyethyl, methoxyethyl, allyl, furan-3 ylmethyl, H, Me, methylthioethyl, or phenethyl.

127. The compound according to claim 124 wherein R 1 is ethyl; R 2 is ethyl; 20 and R 3 is H, benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl, 1-H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl, furan-3-ylmethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, or phenyliminomethyl.

128. The compound according to claim 124 wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, allyl, or heteroarylmethyl. 25

129. The compound according to claim 124 wherein R 3 is hydrogen, methyl, allyl, or heteroarylmethyl; and R 4 is one to two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, bromo, fluoro, 5- or 6-phenyl, 5- or 6-pyridinyl, 5- or 6-furanyl, 30 and hydroxy; and R 5 is hydrogen. 133