AU2011253534B2 - Sensor apparatus for extraction machinery for milking mammals - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a sensor apparatus adapted to be used with extraction machinery such as dairy animal milking machinery. This extraction machinery normally includes a plurality of extraction elements such as teatcups between activator adapted to deliver an adapted fluid such as milk from two or more extraction elements into at least one collection line. The sensor apparatus provided in conjunction with the present invention can include at least one sensor associated with said at least one collection line and a controller adapted to control the activation of extraction elements. The controller is preferably configured to control the activation of extraction elements so that said at least one sensor is not exposed to the extracted fluid supplied from all extraction elements at any one time. An improved controller and extraction machinery adapted to implement the present invention is also disclosed. 298215.1 (GHMatters) P58573.AU.2 - 0 - ---- - - iii - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C3 ck 0... , .. ... ....... CO--. =11 cn) E4) L - - - - - - - -

Description

AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Standard Patent Applicant(s): Lely Patent N.V. Invention Title: SENSOR APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTION MACHINERY FOR MILKING MAMMALS The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method for performing it known to me/us: SENSOR APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTION MACHINERY FOR MILKING MAMMALS TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to a sensor apparatus to be used with extraction machinery. 5 Preferably the present invention may be adapted to sense or detect the presence of specific components within a fluid extracted by such extraction machinery, where the apparatus is exposed to different streams of extracted fluid to indicate differences in said streams. Reference throughout this specification will also be made to the present invention providing sensor apparatus for milking machinery, 10 where the sensor in question can detect differences between milk supplied from each of a dairy animal's half or quarter udder sections. However, those skilled in the art should appreciate that other applications are also envisioned for the invention and reference to the above only throughout this specification should in no way be seen as limiting. 15 BACKGROUND ART Dairy farmers collect milk from herd animals using extraction machinery in the form of milking machines. A dairy farmer will periodically process his or her herd with such machinery to extract milk to be used in food or dairy products. In the case of dairy cows a set of four teatcups are employed to extract milk 20 simultaneously from the four quarters of the cow's udder. These four teatcups are generally connected together at a single point to a common supply tube or line for milk extracted, with the resulting collection of four cups commonly being referred to as a milking unit. Vacuum or low pressure is applied to these four teatcups simultaneously to deliver the milk extracted into a single collection line, commonly 25 known as the 'long milk tube'. 2 296215_1 (GHMatters) P58873.AU.2 The four distinct udder quarters and associated teats express milk with various qualities due to microbiological infections which can occur independently in each udder quarter. Furthermore, medications delivered to the animal to combat such infections can form a contaminant in the milk expressed by each quarter. 5 As part of quality control regime, existing sensing and analytical equipment can be used to test the milk obtained for such contaminants or the presence of microbiological infections. However, an infection or other contaminants present in one udder quarter only will produce milk which is subsequently diluted by milk obtained from the other, potentially healthy quarters of the udder. This, can for 10 example, make it difficult to detect the start of an infection in one quarter only of the cow's udder. It is also known to test the foremilk or the composite volume of milk extracted from individual quarters of a dairy animal to obtain an accurate and sensitive sample used to indicate the presence of such contaminants or infections. However, using 15 traditional milking machinery and equipment, there is no facility provided for the extraction, sampling or testing of foremilk instead of the main volume of milk to be extracted. One potential mechanism which could be employed to sample or test the milk produced per quarter, would be to place the particular type of sensor or transducer 20 required within the teatcup used for each quarter of the udder. A single sensor can be provided for each teatcup to in turn sample the milk extracted from a single quarter. However this approach is not necessarily practical as the sensor required would be placed in a relatively hazardous environment. The sensor used would be exposed 25 to moisture and dirt on a frequent basis and would also be in danger of mechanical 3 298215_1 (GHMaftt.) P58873AU.2 damage through being kicked or trodden on by the rear hooves of a cow. Furthermore, the provision of multiple sensors would be a relatively expensive mechanism due to the costs of the multiple components used. The provision of multiple sensors or transducers will also require multiple calibration procedures or 5 runs to be implemented frequently to ensure accurate results may be obtained from each sensor. Data or control signal transmission lines to such sensors would also need to be run through this hazardous environment and again, would be subject to maintenance and damage problems. An improved sensor apparatus for extraction machinery (and preferably milking 10 machinery) which addressed any or all of the above problems would be of advantage. An apparatus which minimised the number of independent transducers required and which could independently test the milk extracted from each teat and udder section of a dairy animal would be of advantage. Furthermore, a sensor apparatus which maintained or positioned sensor transducers in a relatively 15 secure, clean, dry and/or easily accessible environment would be of advantage. All references, including any patents or patent applications cited in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference. No admission is made that any reference constitutes prior art. The discussion of the references states what their authors assert, and the applicants reserve the right to challenge the accuracy and 20 pertinency of the cited documents. It will be clearly understood that, although a number of prior art publications are referred to herein, this reference does not constitute an admission that any of these documents form part of the common general knowledge in the art, in New Zealand or in any other country. It is acknowledged that the term 'comprise' may, under varying jurisdictions, be 25 attributed with either an exclusive or an inclusive meaning. For the purpose of this specification, and unless otherwise noted, the term 'comprise' shall have an 4 2958215_1 (GHMatters) P5873.AU.2 inclusive meaning - i.e. that it will be taken to mean an inclusion of not only the listed components it directly references, but also other non-specified components or elements. This rationale will also be used when the term 'comprised' or 'comprising' is used in relation to one or more steps in a method or process. 5 It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice. Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION 10 According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a sensor apparatus adapted to be used with milk extraction machinery, the milk extraction machinery including a plurality of extraction elements for connection to a dairy animal which when activated are adapted to deliver extracted milk into a single collection line, the sensor apparatus including: a sensor associated with the single 15 collection line, wherein the sensor is adapted to detect a particular property of the milk extracted, and a pulsator controller of a dairy animal milking machine and timing configured to control the activation of the extraction elements; and a delay period, whereby activation of the extraction elements is controlled to prevent the sensor being exposed to extracted milk supplied from all of the extraction elements 20 or at any one time, and wherein only a single extraction element or a pair of extraction elements are pulsated at one time, and wherein the controller allows a drainage delay period between activation of different extraction elements, and wherein the pulsator valves of no-activated extraction elements are partially activated during extraction of milk from an activated extraction elements, and 5 2968215_1 (GHMater) P58873 AU2 wherein partial activation of an extraction element does not cause milk to be extracted and delivered in a single collection line. 5a 2968215_1 (GHMatters) P58873 AU 2 In one form, the sensor measures electrical conductivity. In one form the sensor apparatus includes an indicator adapted to receive an indication of milk abnormality, the indicator being adapted to issue an alarm signal 5 indicating abnormal milk has been delivered from an extraction element or elements. In one form the sensor apparatus includes a diversion system associated with the indicator to isolate abnormal milk. In one form the extracted milk supplied by an extraction element is foremilk. In one 10 form the single collection line collects all milk delivered from a single animal. In one form, a single extraction element only is activated at one time. In another form a pair of extraction elements is activated at one time. In one form the controller allows a drainage delay period between activation of different extraction elements. 15 In one form the extraction element or elements activated by the controller are selected randomly. In one form, the extraction elements are sequentially activated by the controller. In one form each of the extraction elements is formed from a single teatcup associated with an independent pulsator line of a pulsation system. In one form the 20 controller is formed by a pulsator controller of the pulsation system. In one form activation of each teatcup is achieved by pulsation in the teatcup by a cyclic change in air pressure applied by the pulsation system. In one form there is a threshold level of air pressure for activation of each teatcup 6 2968215%1 (GHMiters) P58873.AU.2 above which extracted milk is delivered to the single collection line. In one form a teatcup is pulsated by a cyclic change in air pressure below the threshold level. The present invention is adapted to provide a sensor apparatus, which preferably is 5 to be used with, within or be associated with extraction machinery. Such extraction machinery can be employed to extract a particular fluid from any number of different environments. Furthermore, the present invention also incorporates or encompasses the provision of a controller adapted to control the activation of the extraction elements 10 discussed above. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that such a controller may be provided or implemented irrespective of the sensor apparatus discussed throughout this specification. For example, in one alternative embodiment, the controller employed may be used to apply a pre-stimulation effect to animals from which fluid is to be extracted by the plurality of extraction elements provided. 15 However, reference primarily will be made throughout the specification to the implementation of the present invention as a sensor apparatus but those skilled in the art should appreciate that other applications are also envisioned. In a preferred embodiment the extraction machinery with which the present invention is to be used may be milking machinery used by dairy farmers. This dairy 20 animal milking machinery may extract milk from any number of a range of dairy animals such as cows, sheep, goats or any lactating mammal which can be milked cost effectively or efficiently. Milk, being the extracted fluid involved, can be removed from a dairy animal using such milking machinery with the sensor apparatus of the present invention being employed to test, analyse or detect the 25 presence of particular compounds or components within the milk extracted. 7 2988215_1 (GHKMaters) P58873AU.2 Reference throughout this specification will also be made to the present invention being adapted to provide a sensor apparatus to be used with milking machines employed to milk dairy cows. However, those skilled in the art should appreciate that other applications are also envisioned for the present invention and reference 5 to the above only throughout this specification should in no way be seen as limiting. Preferably the milking machinery employed includes or incorporates a plurality of extraction elements for each individual cow to be milked. Each of the extraction elements may engage with a teat and associated portion of a cow's udder to extract milk from same. 10 In a further preferred embodiment, an extraction element may be formed from a teatcup and a pulsator valve associated with a pulsation system. A single cup and pulsator valve combination can be used to extract milk from a specific quarter of a cow's udder through the application of a pressure or vacuum lower than atmospheric pressure. 15 Furthermore, reference throughout this specification will also be made to a teatcup being employed to extract milk from a single udder quarter. However, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that a single teatcup may extract milk from an udder half section in relation to some types of dairy animal and reference to the term 'quarter' or 'udder quarters' throughout this specification should in no way be 20 seen as limiting. Preferably the present invention may be employed to allow for the controlled application of vacuum or low pressure to individual udder sections of a dairy animal. Reference throughout this specification will also be made to the milking machinery involved having four extraction elements or teatcups and four associated pulsator 25 lines per cow to be milked at any one time. In this way, the present invention may 8 2968215_1 (GHMatters) P5873 AU.2 be adapted for use with a standard milking unit used to service a single cow at one time. Again, however those skilled in the art should appreciate that different configurations of milking machinery may also be employed and reference to the above only throughout this specification should in no way be seen as limiting. 5 Such pulsator lines and teatcups can be activated in a controlled manner to apply vacuum or pressure below atmosphere pressure to teats of an udder. Furthermore the activation of these extraction elements may preferably be monitored and controlled to ensure efficient and safe milking of a cow, in addition to facilitating the implementation of the present invention. 10 Preferably the teatcups provided in such milking machinery may be adapted to deliver the extracted fluid or milk involved into at least one collection line. The combined milk from two or more cups and associated udder halves or quarters of a single animal may be collected through the same collection line. Such a collection line will preferably run to a storage vat which collects and stores milk extracted 15 from an entire dairy herd during one or more milkings. In a further preferred embodiment, a single collection line may service or collect milk from all four teatcups associated with a single milking unit. This single collection line, which may be defined as a long milk tube, can provide a common linkage from a unified milk collection system to the cups employed with a single 20 milking unit. This long milk tube or single collection line travels at one end from a relatively harsh environment immediately adjacent to the cow's udder, through to cleaner, drier and more accessible regions at which other elements of the milking machinery involved are located. Reference throughout this specification will be to a single collection line or long 25 milk tube to be adapted to collect milk from all four cups used to milk a single cow. 9 2908215_1 (GHMatters) P58873.AU.2 However those skilled in the art should appreciate that a plurality of collection lines with each being adapted to receive milk from two or more extraction elements can also be used in conjunction with the present invention, and reference to the above only throughout this specification should in no way be seen as limiting. 5 Preferably the sensor apparatus provided in conjunction with the present invention may include at least one sensor which is associated with or located in, or in proximity to at least one collection line. For example, in a preferred embodiment a single sensor may be integrated into or located in a single collection line or long milk tube which services four teatcups and a single milking unit. The sensor or 10 sensors employed can preferably be exposed to milk travelling down the single milk collection line to sample, test or analyse same. Reference throughout this specification will also be made to the present invention providing a single sensor only within the milk collection line or in a position which allows exposure of such a sensor to milk travelling through a single collection line 15 servicing four teatcups. However those skilled in the art should appreciate that other configurations of the present invention are envisioned and reference to the above only throughout this specification should in no way be seen as limiting. Reference throughout this specification will also be made to a sensor employed being located within a long milk tube or collection line, or potentially forming a 20 serial extension to such a line. This position of a sensor will allow ready access and exposure to milk travelling through such lines. A sensor as used in conjunction with the present invention may be formed from any of a number of different types of components or apparatus. The sensor or sensors employed may be adapted to detect the presence of contaminants in milk 25 for example, or to measure milk flow rates, volumes, fat, protein or hormone 10 296215_1 (GHMEners) P5a873.AU.2 concentrations or any other values or parameters of interest. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that a wide range and number of different types of sensor components and transducers may be used in conjunction with the present invention depending on the particular compound, component or variable to be 5 analysed or detected within the extracted milk. In a further preferred embodiment, the sensor employed may measure the electrical conductivity of milk travelling through a collection line. Changes in conductivity are known to be associated with tissue damage due to the presence of microbiological pathogens within an udder and which indicate one or more udder 10 quarters of a dairy cow are experiencing some form of mastitis. Reference throughout this specification will also be made to the present invention being implemented through the use of a single electrical conductivity sensor within a long milk tube servicing four separate teatcups and a single milking unit. However, those skilled in the art should appreciate that other configurations of the 15 present invention are envisioned and reference to the above only throughout this specification should in no way be seen as limiting. In a preferred embodiment the sensor apparatus provided may include at least one controller. A controller may be adapted to control the activation of specific extraction elements or pulsator and cup combinations supplying a single milk 20 collection line at any one time. A controller may preferably be formed from known electrical components such as microprocessors or equivalent analogue circuitry which can be adapted to manage the application of vacuum or low pressure through the teatcups provided. In a further preferred embodiment a controller may be provided by a pulsator 25 controller normally employed or incorporated into existing standard dairy animal 11 2968215_ (GHMahers) P5U73.AU.2 milking machinery. Such a pulsator controller may be programmed or modified in conjunction with the present invention to vary the times at which specific extraction elements are activated. In a preferred embodiment the present invention may employ a quad-tube pulsator 5 unit per milking unit employed in the milking machinery involved. A quad-tube pulsator unit may be formed from two twin tube pulsator units per milking unit, or by a customised arrangement of elements which provides four independent pulse lines or tubes in turn to each of the teatcups of a milking unit. In such embodiments the controller can be used to activate a pulsator valve of each 10 extraction element, where each pulsator valve is associated with a single independent pulsator line. The use of a quad-tube pulsator unit ensures that vacuum or low pressure may be applied to each of the teatcups in turn of a milking unit, thereby controlling activation timing of each of these independent extraction elements. 15 In a preferred embodiment, the controller employed may be programmed, designed or otherwise implemented to control the operation of the quad-tube pulsator unit discussed above. The pulsator controller may emit or issue control signals which operate four separate and independent valves used to apply vacuum or low pressure to each of the teatcups or milking unit in turn. 20 In a preferred embodiment the controller may be adapted to control the activation of extraction elements so that a sensor within the long milk tube is not exposed to milk supplied from all of the connected extraction elements at any one time. For example, in a preferred embodiment the pulsator controller employed may activate the pulsators of each teatcup in a cyclical, sequential manner. This will prevent 25 specific cups from delivering milk into the long milk tube at the same time as other cups associated with the same udder. 12 290821 (GHMEttem) P58873.AU.2 In a further preferred embodiment the controller may be adapted to activate a single extraction element at any one time when a sample of milk to be analysed by the sensor is to be delivered into the long milk tube. This configuration of the controller and its use in conjunction with the present invention ensures that the 5 single sensor within the long milk tube can provide an analysis of milk in transit from a single udder half or quarter only. This allows ailments affecting the particular udder half or quarter in question to be diagnosed in isolation, or for specific contaminants sourced from a single udder half or quarter to be identified without dilution of the milk involved from milk supplied via other udder sections. 10 Through providing a controlled cyclic activation of suction applied to cups, this can in turn provide an udder stimulation effect prior to a full milking. Milk ejection may be stimulated by the tactile effects of attaching the teatcups and the subsequent physical stimulus provided to the whole udder by pulsating or activating each teatcup in sequence. This pre-stimulation effect may elicit a good milk ejection 15 from the dairy animal involved. Reference throughout this specification will also be made to the controller employed allowing for the delivery of milk from a single pulsator and milk cup to a sensor for sampling or analysis at any one time. However those skilled in the art should appreciate that other configurations of the present invention are envisioned 20 and reference to the above only throughout this specification should in no way be seen as limiting. For example, in one alternative embodiment, the milk from two quarters may be extracted and combined within a long milk tube when the sensor employed is activated to sample or analyse said milk. This embodiment would necessarily 25 speed up the sampling and analysis process implemented in conjunction with the present invention, allowing the high flow rate milk extraction required after 13 2968215_1 (GHMatters) P58873.AU.2 sampling or analysis to occur earlier. In a preferred embodiment, the controlled activation of extraction elements may be adapted to expose the sensor involved to the foremilk obtained from each udder quarter at the start of a milking. Foremilk is known to contain comparatively high 5 concentrations of somatic cells or microbiological organisms, and as such can provide a fluid with relatively high sensitivity to the changes to be detected or measured in conjunction with the present invention. In such embodiments, the cyclic, controlled activation of milking cups and pulsators can be used to draw foremilk from the quarters of a cow's udder for subsequent 10 analysis by the sensor provided. Once the foremilk required has been extracted and tested or analysed, a normal milking operation may be implemented with milk being drawn from all four quarters of a cow's udder and delivered simultaneously into the long milk tube. In a further preferred embodiment, a drainage delay period between the activation 15 of specific milking cups and pulsators may also be implemented by the controller. A delay period may be used to allow the milk supplied from a particular quarter or quarters to be removed by drainage from a long milk tube prior to the delivery of further milk from other quarters of a cow's udder. Such a delay period can prevent cross-contamination of milk from various or different quarters, and thereby allow 20 the present invention to provide readings specific to particular quarters more accurately. In a further preferred embodiment, the order or sequence in which particular cups and pulsators are activated may be randomised. Randomly selecting the first extraction element or elements to be activated can prevent the same teat and 25 udder quarter being selected repetitively in the same sequence and thereby 14 2968215_1 (GHMatters) P58873 AU.2 prevent an off-set or biased results being obtained. In a preferred embodiment the pulsator valves of non-activated extraction elements may be partially activated during extraction of fluid from an activated extraction element. In this embodiment partial activation of an extraction element may not 5 cause fluid to be extracted and delivered to a collection line. In such embodiments, the controller employed may fully activate one pulsator and associated cup while in turn synchronously triggering suppressed, minimal or partial activation of the other teatcups of the milking unit. This suppressed or minimal activation may provide a massaging or stimulating effect to the other udder 10 quarters involved without necessarily being enough to allow milk withdrawal from each udder quarter. A suppressed pulsation may be applied in such embodiment to provide a heightened pre-stimulation effect to the cow's udder prior to full, high flow rate milk extraction. In a preferred embodiment, the sensor apparatus provided may include an 15 indicator mechanism which receives the specific reading or output signal obtained from the sensor or sensors provided. An indicator can, for example, provide a display, alert or alarm signal to an operator of the milking machinery to indicate that the milk obtained from a particular quarter is abnormal - prior to the bulk of this abnormal milk being delivered into a storage vat for the entire dairy herd involved. 20 Such an indicator may take the form of an audio alarm signal or some form of visual display such as a flashing light. In a further preferred embodiment, an indicator may provide an output signal or display which is representative of a ratio of readings or measurements taken and compared with respect to the four udder quarters of the dairy animal involved. In 25 such instances, fluid or milk abnormalities can be detected through a comparison 15 2968215_1 (GHMatters) P58873.AU.2 of ratios of sensor output signals obtained from fluid or milk extracted from an alternative extraction element or elements. Abnormalities or differences in the milk produced by different quarters can be seen easily with such ratio comparisons and therefore will provide a clearer indication that an abnormality has been detected or 5 sensed. However, in an alternative embodiment different indications or processing of the information or signals obtained from a sensor may be applied. For example, when an animal or herd identification system is linked to the sensor apparatus, a rolling average of measurements made on a specific quarter of the identified animal's 10 udder may be considered. Major or significant changes over time in the measurements obtained with respect to the selected udder relative to the herd average can therefore be detected and indicated or displayed. In a further preferred embodiment the sensor apparatus may also include a trigger mechanism associated with such an indicator. This trigger mechanism may be 15 used to control the operation or activation of further components employed in conjunction with the present invention. For example, in one preferred embodiment a trigger mechanism may be employed to operate a diversion system to divert or isolate milk determined to be abnormal prior to this milk being delivered to a common collection line or collection vat. If, for example, information or readings 20 obtained from the indicator mechanism show that milk is contaminated or has been supplied from an infected udder quarter, such a trigger mechanism may operate a diversion system to ensure that this milk is isolated from the other 'normal' milk. The present invention may provide many potential advantages over the prior art. The present invention may allow for the sampling and investigation of milk from a 25 single or limited numbers of quarters of dairy animal's udder. The sensing 16 298S215. (GHMattr) P58873 AU2 apparatus provided can give an indication of problems with specific quarters relatively accurately, preferably due to the sampling of milk in isolation from such quarters. The present invention may also be adapted to sample or analyse the foremilk 5 produced from an udder quarter, again to improve the accuracy of results or measurements obtained. In addition the delayed synchronous activation of extraction elements or milking cups and pulsators can provide a "pre-stimulation" effect to assist in more efficient or faster overall milking of the dairy animal involved. The cyclic extraction of 10 relatively small quantities of milk from each quarter may provide such a pre stimulation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the 15 accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a sensor apparatus as configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention when used in conjunction with a milking machine for dairy cows; Figure 2 illustrates a block schematic flowchart diagram of steps executed by 20 the pulsator controller discussed with respect to figure 1, Figure 3 illustrates a block schematic flowchart diagram of an alternative pulsator controller programming sequence used in an alternative embodiment available for use with the pulsator controller discussed with respect to figure 1; 17 2988215_1 (GHMatters) P58873.AU.2 Figure 4 illustrates a series of pressure versus time and teat state positions experienced during a single pulsation of a standard milk line pulsator, and Figure 5 shows a series of plots of pressure versus time for four individual 5 teatcups of a single milk unit or milking unit adapted for use with the present invention. BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a sensor apparatus as configured in 10 accordance with a preferred embodiment when used with dairy cow milking machinery. The milking machinery (1) shown includes a standard vacuum sub-system and a standard releaser sub-system which interface with modified cluster and pulsation sub-systems. 15 A standard milking unit or claw (2), which provides four distinct and separate teatcups, is engaged with a long milk collection tube (3) which subsequently feeds into the releaser sub-system. Also disposed within the collection line is a single sensor (4a), where through operation of the present invention, this sensor (when activated) is exposed to extracted milk supplied from preferably one teatcup only. 20 Reference 4b illustrates an alternative location for the same single sensor within the long milk line in an alternative embodiment. The pulsator sub-system includes a quad-tube pulsator (5) which is operated or controlled by a pulsator controller (6). The quad-tube pulsator provides four separate and independent vacuum lines (7) to each of the four teatcups. This 18 2968215_I (GHiatters) P58873AU.2 quad-tube pulsator can then in turn apply low pressure or vacuum to each teatcup independently to in turn allow milk extraction from a single teatcup. Milk extracted from a single teatcup can subsequently be analysed in isolation by the sensor provided. 5 The pulsator controller can also control the operation of the quad-tube pulsators to apply a relatively low maximum vacuum level to each teatcup which is not currently being activated for sampling of milk. Application of a low maximum vacuum level within the teatcup pulsation chamber can provide a pre-stimulation effect to all remaining teatcups, without necessarily allowing milk extraction. 10 Figure 2 illustrates a block schematic flowchart diagram of steps executed by the pulsator controller discussed with respect to figure 1. In the embodiment shown, the pulsator controller first waits for the four cups of a single milking unit to be attached to the teats of a cow's udder. When the initial teat positions within their respective teatcups have stabilised, the controller 15 employed then moves to the next operational step shown. At this stage the controller activates the teatcup and pulsator, indicated as cup Q1 allowing the first udder quarter to continue to be milked. Sensor readings are obtained from the first quarter only through the controller activating only the pulsator and associated teatcup involved. Once the sensor 20 readings required have been obtained, a delay period where no pulsators are activated may be implemented by the controller to allow the long milk tube in which the sensor is located to be emptied clear of any milk supplied from the first quarter. These two steps are then subsequently repeated for the second (Q2) third (Q3) and fourth (Q4) quarters of the udder currently awaiting milking. 19 2968215_1 (GHM.netm) P5073 AU.2 As discussed above, with each subsequent activation of the independent cups Q1 through Q4 a sensor is operated to detect abnormalities in the milk elicited from each cup. If at any stage the sensor readings obtained from any quarter exceed a 5 predetermined threshold value indicating the likely presence of a contaminant or an infection, an alarm condition is triggered. This alarm condition can for example provide a visual indicator of a problem to the operator of the milking machinery involved, or alternatively trigger the activation of a diversion mechanism which isolates any milk obtained from the current animal being milked from a common 10 collection system and vat. Alternatively, if no abnormalities are detected, an indicator confirming the quality of the milk and its normal condition can be activated. Figure 3 illustrates a block schematic flowchart diagram of an alternative pulsator controller programming sequence as discussed with respect to figure 2. 15 In the embodiment shown with respect to figure 3, a compromise is made between the speed at which samples are obtained from quarters and the accuracy of the measurements made. In the scheme discussed with respect to figure 3, the pulsator controller employed activates the pulsators associated with both the first and the second quarters of the udder synchronously. This results in milk 20 withdrawal from both quarters at once which is supplied to the long milk tube and associated sensor stage. Again, an alarm warning signal or indicator can be activated on the detection of abnormal milk, or in the alternative an indicator advising that the milk is normal is activated. A similar process is then completed after the long milk tube has been allowed to 25 drain to obtain combined milk from both the third and fourth quarters of the udder. 20 2968215_1 (GHMatters) P58873.AU.2 This compromise programming will provide combined or approximate results from a pair of udder quarters at once, but will speed up the entire sample taking and processing times involved. Figure 4 illustrates a series of pressure versus time and teat state positions 5 experienced during a single pulsation of a standard milk line pulsator. As can be seen from the diagram shown with respect to figure 4, the initial position of the teat shown is in the opening phase where vacuum is increasing and milk starts to flow from the teat in the time region F indicated. Conversely when the vacuum begins to drop substantially in region S, milk flow will be stopped by the 10 closing liner. As can be seen from figure 4, an applied vacuum below the threshold level indicated at F or S will supply a physical stimulation effect to the teat but will not necessarily allow milk extraction. Conversely a vacuum applied above this region or level will allow milk to flow until the closing liner applies a sufficient closing force 15 around the teat-end. Figure 5 shows a series of plots of pressure versus time for four individual teatcups of a single milk unit or milking unit adapted for use with the present invention. As can be seen from the plots shown with respect to figure 5, the vacuum or low pressure applied to the pulsation chambers of each teatcup Q1 through Q4 varies 20 over time. Initially, a high vacuum is applied to allow the teats to stabilise within their respective teatcups. Next the vacuum applied to the pulsation chambers of teatcups Q2 through Q4 is dropped to below a threshold vacuum level which will not elicit milk flow from each teat but which will supply a pre-stimulation effect to same. At the same time a high vacuum is applied to the pulsation chamber of 25 teatcup Q1 to elicit a milk flow for sampling and analysis. 21 296821 5_1 (GHMatters) P58873.AU.2 After teat Q1 has been sampled the same approach is taken with respect to teat Q2, and the same pre-stimulation low vacuum is now applied to teat Q1, Q3 and Q4 consecutively without eliciting a milk ejection. In this manner, all four teats can be pre-stimulated prior to extraction of substantial 5 volumes of milk, while a sample of milk may be extracted from each teat independently for sampling analysis prior to a full milking. As can be seen from figure 5 once a milk sample is obtained from all four teats, a normal vacuum can then be applied to the pulsation chambers of each of the teatcups to elicit a full simultaneous milking. 10 Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof as defined in the appended claims. 22 298215_1 (GHMtters) P58873.AU.2

Claims (13)

1. A sensor apparatus adapted to be used with milk extraction machinery, the milk extraction machinery including a plurality of extraction elements for connection to a dairy animal which when activated are adapted to deliver 5 extracted milk from two or more extraction elements into a single collection line, the sensor apparatus including a sensor associated with the single collection line, wherein the sensor is adapted to detect a particular property of the milk extracted, and a pulsator controller of a dairy animal milking machine configured to control: 10 activation and timing of the extraction elements; and a delay period, whereby activation of the extraction elements is controlled to prevent the sensor being exposed to extracted milk supplied from all of the extraction elements at any one time, and wherein only a single extraction element or 15 pair of extraction elements are pulsated at one time, and wherein the controller allows a drainage delay period between activation of different extraction elements, and wherein the pulsator valves of non-activated extraction elements are partially activated during extraction of milk from an activated extraction element, and 20 wherein partial activation of an extraction element does not cause milk to be extracted and delivered to the single collection line. 23 2968215_1 (GHMatim) P58873AU-2

2. A sensor apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the extracted milk supplied by an extraction element is foremilk.

3. A sensor apparatus as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein each 5 extraction element is formed from a single teatcup which includes a pulsator valve associated with a pulsation system.

4. A sensor apparatus as claimed in claim 3 which includes four extraction element teatcups associated with four independent pulsator lines.

5. A sensor apparatus as claimed in any previous claim wherein the single 10 collection line collects all milk delivered from a single animal.

6. A sensor apparatus as claimed in any previous claim wherein the sensor measures electrical conductivity.

7. A sensor apparatus as claimed in any previous claim wherein the pulsator controller sequentially activates the pulsator valves of each teatcup. 15

8. A sensor apparatus as claimed in any previous claim which includes an indicator adapted to receive an output signal from the sensor, the indicator being adapted to issue an alarm signal indicating abnormal milk has been delivered from an extraction element or elements.

9. A sensor apparatus as claimed in claim 8 which includes a diversion system 20 associated with the indicator to isolate abnormal milk. 24 2968215_1 (GHMatters) P58873AU 2

10. A sensor apparatus as claimed in either claims 8 or 9 wherein milk abnormality is detected through a comparison between the sensor output signal indicating a value of the detected property of the milk extracted by an extraction element or elements, and the sensor output signal indicating a 5 value of the detected property of the milk extracted by an alternative extraction element or elements.

11. A sensor apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 10 wherein a rolling average of sensor readings is employed to detect abnormalities in extracted milk. 10

12. A sensor apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and/or examples.

13. A method of operating a controller substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and/or examples. 15 25 2968215_1 (GHMatter) P58873AU.2