AU2011250710B2

AU2011250710B2 - A pre-coder selection based on resource block grouping

Info

Publication number: AU2011250710B2
Application number: AU2011250710A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Anand Dabak; Eko Onggosanusi; Badri N. VARADARAJAN
Original assignee: Texas Instruments Inc
Current assignee: Texas Instruments Inc
Priority date: 2006-03-20
Filing date: 2011-11-10
Publication date: 2014-12-11
Anticipated expiration: 2027-04-20
Also published as: AU2011250710A1

Abstract

C:VR~fbtMWOCCLAS39t334Oj .DOC-IlMOM/I I The present invention provides a receiver. In one embodiment, the receiver includes a receive portion 5 employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas and capable of providing channel estimates. The receiver also includes a feedback generator portion configured to provide to the transmitter a pre-coder selection for data transmission that is based on the channel 10 estimates, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks. The present invention also provides a transmitter having multiple antennas. In one embodiment, the transmitter includes a transmit portion coupled to the multiple antennas and 15 capable of applying pre-coding to a data transmission for a receiver. The transmitter also includes a feedback decoding portion configured to decode a pre-coder selection for the data transmission that is fed back from the receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of 20 frequency-domain resource blocks. 1 Of9 Iii 1 i -I--J -- I W_ ID co 0 0' 0)

Description

P/00/01 I Regulation 3.2 AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT (ORIGINAL) Name of Applicant(s): Texas Instruments Incorporated, of PO Box 655474, Mail Station 3999, Dallas, Texas 75265-5474, United States of America Actual Inventor(s): ONGGOSANUSI, Eko; VARADARAJAN, Badri, N.; DABAK, Anand Address for Service: DAVIES COLLISON CAVE, Patent Attorneys, of I Nicholson Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Invention Title: "A pre-coder selection based on resource block grouping" The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to us: C:\NRPonbl\DCC\MASU982037_I.DOC - 10/1 i/l I A PRE-CODER SE|L1CTXON BiSED ON RESOURCE BLOCK GROUPING [0001] The present invention is directed, in general, to wireless communications and, more specifically, to a receiver and a transmitter and methods of operating a receiver and a 0 transmitter. BACKGROUND OF TOR INVENTION In a cellular network, such as one employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogona l. frequency 5 division multiple access (OFDMA), each cell employs a base station that communicates with user equipment, such as a cel.l. phone, a laptop, or a PDA, which is actively located within its cell. Initially, the base station transmits reference signals 0 (synonymous to pilot signals) to the user equipment wherein the reference signals are basically an agreement between the base station and the user equipment that at a certain frequency and ti-ime, they are going to receive a known signal. Since the user equipment knows the signal and its timing, it can generate a 5 channel estimate based on the reference signal. Of course, there --- 1are unknown distortions such as interference and noise, which impact the quality of the channel estimate. In an OFDM or OFDMA system, different user equipments are scheduled on different portions of the system bandwidth. The system bandwidth may be divided into frequency-domain resource. blocks of a certain 0iize (smetimce referred as sub-band) wherein a resource block is the smallest allocation unit available in terms of frequency granularity that can be allocated to user equipment. Each resource block consists of Na contiguous OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers. While the size of different resource blocks Can in general vary, it is preferred to impose the same size across resource blocks. Otherwise, the resource blocks size shall be as uniform as possible across the system bandwidth. A different user could potentially go on each of these resource blocks. In addition,. a user can be scheduled on a portion of the system bandwidth having adjacent resource blocks inside. Non adjacent allocation for each user is also possible. The user equipment determines a channel quality 1iridi.ca tot (CQI) for each of the resource blocks based on the channel estimation performed. The CQI employed can be a signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) after detection. The CTQ can also be a certain type of quality measure such as mutual information, Other types of CQI that reflect the quality of transmission channel are also possible. Furthermore, the CQI. for -2different resource blocks can also be jointly encoded and compressed. The user equipment feeds back the CQI for each resource block to the base station. A higher COI for a resource blotk allows a higher data rate transfer of information from the base station to the user equipMent, For systems with multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas (also termed as multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems), improved throughput and/or robustness can be obtained by employing transmit pre-coding. To apply a pre-coding on a MIMO system means that a certain transformation (typically linear) is applied to the data stream(s) prior to transmission vi.a physical antennas. The number of independent data streams is termed the transmission rank. With pre-coding, the number of physical antennas does not have to be equal to the transmission rank. ln this case., the pre-coder is a PxR matrix, where P is the number of physical. transmit antennas and P is the transmission rank. Denoting the pre-coder matrix as W and the R independent data streams as an R-dimensional vector s, the CransiTitted signal via the P physical antennas can be written as: x= Ws. Depending on the duplexing scheme, the pre-coder matrix W can be selected at the transmitter or receiver. For an FDD system where the uplink and downlAink channels are not reciprocal, the pre-coder matrix W is more efficiently chosen at the receiver -3- (user equipment) from a finite pre-determined set of. matrices, termed the pre-coding codebook, Based on the channel estimate, the user equipment determines the pre-coder selection corresponding to the COI ih each resource block that is needed to allow an optimization of data throughput, for example, Therefore, the pre-coder is also a function of the channel and its quality, The same codebook-based pre-coding scheme can also be used for TDD or half-duplex TOO/FDD. Once this is done, the user equipment will feed back to the base st-ation for each of its resource blocks, the pre-coder and the CQT that will be achieved if that pre-coder is used for the resource block in the transmission of data. For example, in the context of the 3GPP E-UTRA system deploying a 5-MHz transmission, 1.0 user equipments having feedback information pertaining to 25 resource blocks requires that 250 units of information be fed back to the base stat:Ion, just to schedule them. This requires a high level of operational overhead information. In addition to the COI and pre-coder selection feedback, the user equipment shall also select and feed back the transmission rank. While transmission rank selection may or may not be performed for each resource block, this constitutes to additional feedback overhead. -4-- Hi:\imasrItcln oclnl\NKorbIlL L\MAS\6926235_ I docx-I 1/11/2014 -5 Accordingly, what is needed in the art is an enhanced way to reduce the amount of initial feedback required between user equipment and base station. 5 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention there is provided a receiver, comprising: a receive portion employing transmission signals on multiple streams from a transmitter having multiple antennas 10 and capable of providing channel estimates; and a feedback generator portion configured to provide a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates, wherein the pre coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency 15 domain resource blocks. The invention also provides a receiver, comprising: a receive portion employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas and capable of providing channel estimates; and 20 a feedback generator portion configured to provide a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates; wherein the pre coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency domain resource blocks, 25 wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks.

I:\masinme oven\ N Korb\D C C\M A S\6926235 1.do - /I 1/ /2014 -5A The invention also provides a receiver, comprising: a receive portion employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas and capable of 5 providing channel estimates; and a feedback generator portion configured to provide a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates; wherein the pre coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency 10 domain resource blocks, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks. The invention also provides a method of operating a 15 receiver, comprising: providing channel estimates employing transmission signals on multiple streams from a transmitter having multiple antennas; and feeding back a pre-coder selection for data transmission 20 to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks. The invention also provides a method of operating a receiver, comprising: 25 providing channel estimates employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas; and feeding back a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates; 30 wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre- 11:\mis nienoven\ NRPortb]\DCC\MAS\6I926235_.docx-Il/l 12014 -5B coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks. The invention also provides a method of operating a receiver, comprising: 5 providing channel estimates employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas; and feeding back a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates; wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a 10 grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks. The invention also provides a transmitter having a 15 plurality of antennas, comprising: a feedback decoding portion configured to extract a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks; and 20 a transmit portion coupled to the plurality of antennas that applies the pre-coding selection to data on multiple steams to be transmitted via multiple antennas to the receiver based on decoded information corresponding to the pre-coder selection. 25 The invention also provides a transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: a feedback decoding portion configured to extract a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a 30 grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks H :\ms\lntenoven\NRPonbl\DCC\MAS\6926235_ I doex-I I/11/2014 -5C contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks; and a transmit portion coupled to the plurality of antennas that applies the pre-coding selection to data to be transmitted to the receiver based on decoded information 5 corresponding to the pre-coder selection. The invention also provides a transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: a feedback decoding portion configured to extract a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a 10 receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks; and 15 a transmit portion coupled to the plurality of antennas that applies the pre-coding selection to data to be transmitted to the receiver based on decoded information corresponding to the pre-coder selection. The invention also provides a method of operating a 20 transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: extracting a pre-coder selection for multiple streams provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency domain resource blocks; and 25 applying the pre-coder selection to data on the multiple streams to be transmitted to the receiver via multiple antennas based on decoded information corresponding to the pre-coder selection. The invention also provides a method of operating a 30 transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: extracting a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection I:I \mas\l n_ i NRPonb I \DCC\ AS6926235 1.docx. I/Il/2014 -5D corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks 5 contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks; and applying the pre-coder selection to data to be transmitted to the receiver based on decoded information corresponding to the pre-coder selection. The invention also provides a method of operating a 10 transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: extracting a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks, 15 wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks; and applying the pre-coder selection to data to be transmitted to the receiver based on decoded information 20 corresponding to the pre-coder selection. In one embodiment, the receiver includes a receive portion employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas and capable of providing channel estimates. The receiver also includes a feedback generator 25 portion configured to provide to the transmitter a pre-coder selection for data transmission that is based on the channel estimates, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks. Pre-coder selection per group of resource blocks is motivated with the 30 fact that the pre-coding codebook size is typically kept to a minimum, and hence, the optimum pre-coder tends to stay the same across multiple resource blocks.

1\iias\lnienovcn\NRPorfbl\DCC\MAS\6926235_ I.docx- Il/I/21114 - 5E The present invention also provides a transmitter having a plurality of antennas. In one embodiment, the transmitter includes a transmit portion coupled to the plurality of antennas and capable of applying pre-coding to a data 5 transmission for a receiver. The transmitter also includes a feedback decoding portion configured to decode a pre-coder selection for the data transmission that is fed back from the receiver, wherei-n the pre coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks. The qroupinq scheme that is used at the transmitter corresponds to the grouping scheme that is used at the receiver. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of operating a receiver. In one embodiment, the method includes providing channel estimates employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas. The method also includes feeding back a pre-coder selection for data transm.i.ssion to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks. The present Invention also provides a method of operating a transmitter having a plurality of antennas. in one embodiment, the method includes extracting a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-dependent resource blocks and applying the pre-coder selection to data to be transmitted to the receiver based on deIcoded .infrrTatio(n correspond:Ing to the pre-coder selection.

5 BRXF DESCRIPTION OF THE DIWNGS For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIGURE 1A illustrates a system diagram of a receiver as ) provided by one embodiment of the present invention; FIGURE 1B illustrates a system diagram of a transmitter as provided by one eribociment, of the present invention; FIGURE 2 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary grouping of resource blocks as provided by one embodiment of the present invention; FIGURE 3A illustrates a diagram of a more generalized grouping of resource blocks corresponding to the exemplary grouping of FIGURE 2; FIGURE 3B i..ustrates a diagram of a grouping of resource blocks as provided by an alternative embodiment of the present invention; FTGURE 3C illustrates a diagram of a grouping of resource blocks as provided by another embodiment of the present .nvention; FIGURE 4 illustrates a diagram of an embodiment of a pre.

coder selection that is jointly coded to achieve feedback transmission compression; -7- FIGURE 5A ill-ustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of operating a receiver carried out according to principles of the present invention; and FIGURE SB illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of operating a transmitter having multiple antennas carried out according to principles of the present invent ion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIGURE 1A illustrates a system diagram of a receiver 100 as provided by one embodiment of the present invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the receiver 100 operates in an OFDM communications system. The receiver 100 includes a receive portion 105 and a feedback generation portion 110. The receive portion 105 includes an OFDM module 1.07 having Q OFDM demodulators (Q is at least one) coupled to corresponding receive antenna(s), a MIMO detector 107, a QAM demodulator plus de interleaver plus FEC decoding module 108 and a channel estimation module 1.09. The feedback portion 110 includes a pre-coder selector 111, a channel quality indicator (CQl) computer 11.2, rank selector 1.14, and a feedback encoder 113. The receive portion is primarily employed to receive data from a transmitter based a pre-coder selection -that was determined by the receiver and feedback to the transmitter. The OFDM modul.e 107 demodulates the received data signals and -8provides them to the N140 detector 107, which employs channel estimation and pre-coder information to further provide the received data to the module 108 for further processing (namely QAM deoculationi de-interleaving, and FEC decoding). The channel estimation moduLe 109 employ previously transmitted channel estimation signals to provide the channel estimates need by the receiver 100. The pre-coder information can be obtained via an additional downlink signaling embedded in the downlink shared control channel or in a dedicated reference signal. Alternatively, the receiver 100 can obtain the pre-coder information from the previously selected pre-coder. In addit.ion, the two sources can also be used in conjunction to further improve the accuracy. The pre-codar selector 111 determines the pr.e-coder selection for the data transmission based on the channel estimates and the COI information provided by the CQI computer 112. These pre-coder selection and COI are computed for the next time the user equipment is scheduled by the transmitter (e.g., a base station) to receive data. The feedback encoder 113 then encodes the pre-coder selection and the CQT information and feeds it back to the transmitter before the data is transmitted. In one embodiment, the pre-coder selection is jointly encoded to achieve feedback transmission compression. For Improved -9efficiency, the pre-coder selection and CQT can be jointly encoded into one codeword, The pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks employed by the receiver 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the pre-coder selection provides a single pre-coder fot each group of contiguous resource blocks. Alternatively, the pre-coder selection may provide a set of pre coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks. Additionally, the pre-coder selection may provide a set of pre-coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks. Actual selection of the pre-coders depends on an "optimality criterion". A typical optimality criterion may be related to the sum throughput that a group of resource blocks provides. Alternatively, a worst case throughput or a specified maximum error rate for the group of resource blocks may be employed. Of course, one skilled in the pertinent art will. recognize that there may be other current or future developed optimality criteria applicable to the present invention. The grouping of the resource blocks may be variable- or Lixecd depending of a level of signaling support available , For example, the grouping may vary depending on the channel quality afforded by the resource blocks involved. Or, the grouping may be fixed if the channel quality is high for the resource blocks 5 involved. Those are only some exaitiples for the faster variation. Slower variation can also be employed. For example, the group size (the number of contiguous resource blocks within each group is fixed only throughout the entire communication session, or within each data frame. For faster variation, the downlink D shared control channel can be. used to communicate the change in the grouping scheme. The slower variation can benefit from the downlink broadcast (common control) channel, which is transmitted less frequently, or higher layer signaling. In general, the grouping scheme .or the group size is configurable by the network and/or the transmitter (base station) . It is also, possible, however, for the receiver wuser equipment) to request the transmitter and/or the network for changing the grouping scheme/size. This request can be conveyed via a low-rate feedback (e.g., sparse physical layer feedback or higher layer feedback signaling). This is relevant when the downlink interference characteristic is highly frequency selective. FIGURE 1B illustrates a system diagram of a transmitter 150 as provided by one embodiment of the present i.nventjion. In' the , L1.1lustrated embodiment, the transmitter operates in an OFDM communi-cation system. The transmitter 150 includes a transmit portion 155 and a feedback decoding portion 160. The transmit portion 1.55 includes a modulation and coding scheme modIule 156, a -11pre-coder module 157 and an OFDM module .158 having multiple OFDM modulators that feed corresponding transmit antennas. The feedback decoding portion 160 includes a receiver module 166 and a decoder module 167. The transit portion 155 is employed to transmit data provided by the MCS module 156 to a receiver based on pre-coding provided by the pre-coder module 157. The MCS module 156 takes m codewords (m is at least one) and maps the codeword (s! to the R layers or spatial streams, where R .is the number of transmission tanks and at least one. Each codeword consists of FEC-encoded, i nterleaved, and modulated information bits. The selected modulation and coding rate for each codeword are derived from the CQI. A higher CQI implies that a higher data rate may be used. The pre-coder module 157 employs a pre-coder selection obtained from the feedback decoding portion 160, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks employed by the receiver. The receiver module 166 accepts the feedback of this pre-coder selection, and the decoder module 167 provides them to the pre-coder module 157. Once the R spatial stream(s) are generated from the MCS module 156, a pre-coder is applied to generate P . R output streams. Note that P can be equal to R only if R>1 s.irnce P>l and R,.1. The pre-coder W is selected from a finite pre-determined set of possible linear transformations or matrices, which -12corresponds to the set that is used by the receiver. sing pre coding, the R spatial streamts) aie cross-combined linearly into P output data streams. For example, if there are 16 matrices in the pre-coding codebook, a pre-coder index corresponding to one of the 16 matrices for the resource block (say 5, for example) may be signaled from the receiver to the transmitter for each group of resource blocks. The pre-coder index then tells the transmitter 150 which of -the 16 matrices to use. FIGURE 2 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary grouping of resource blocks 200 as provided by one embodiment of the present invention. The grouping of resource blocks 200 includes five groups of five frequency-domain resource blocks wheri.n a pre coder selection provides a single pre-coder for each group, as shown. In the context of the 3GPP E-UTRA, each of the resource blocks represents 180 kHz of bandwidth (consisting of 12 GFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers) thereby giving a group size of 900 kHz for each of first, second and third pre-coders selected. This grouping may provide a practical grouping size for many applications. FTGOREs 3A, 3B and 3C illustrate generalized alternative embodlments for pre-coder selection. The resource I. blocks shown are idealized representations of the resouAroe blocks shown in FIGURE 2, for simplicity of illustration. FIGURE 3A illustrates a diagram of a more generalized grouping of resource blocks 300 corresponding to the exemplary -13grouping of FIGURE 2. Again, each group of contiguous resource blocks has a single pre-coder selected for the group. The resource block grouping 300 corresponds to N groups of M frequency-domain resource blocks, which represent a total of NM resource blocks for a channel. The single pre-coder matrix is selected for each of the N groups wherein the single pre-coder is selected with respect to, all of the M resource blocks in the group. For exaniple, the pre-coder selected may provide a maximum sum throughput across all resource blocks within each group. Feedback employs a preferred pre-coding matrix/vector for each group. That is, only one pre-coder selection feedback is sent to the transmitter for each group of M frequency-domain resource blocks. The t-otal feedback in bits may be represented by NB where each of the N pre-coders employs B bits of feedback indicator (B=[Iog 2 Se]9) where S, is the codebook size (the number of possible pre-coding matrices). Note that these feedback bits are typically protected with some coding scheme and the NB feedback bits can be jointly encoded. FIGURE 3B illustrates a diagram of a grouping of resource blocks 320 as provided by an alternative eTnWodiment of the present invention. The resource block grouping 320 emp.l.oys a pre-coder selection that provides a set of pre-coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks. The resource block grouping -14- 320 corresponds to N' groups of ' resource blocks that represent a total of NM resource blocks for a channel. An advantage of this embodiment over that of FIGURE 3A is that the group size may typically be increased to gain pre-coding efficiency. This embodiment is group-based and provides the best L out of M' pre-coders, where 15L<M'. The L pre-coders are selected for each of the N' resource groups. Each of the L pre-coders is selected with respect to one of the M resource blocks that satisfies a certain optimality criterion. For example, if a maximum throughput per resource block is chosen, the L pre-coders are picked that correspond the L resource blocks with maximum throughput. .En this example, an L equal. to one is indicated in FIGURE 316. Feedback employs L preferred pre-coding matrices or vectors for each group, and pointers are employed to the best 1, resource blocks for each group. The total feedback indicator in bits employing B bits per pre-coder may be represented by equation (1) below: N'B +N'log, (1) These feedback bits can be jointly encoded. FIGURE 3C illustrates a diagram of a grouping of resource blocks 340 as provided by another embodiment of the present invention. The resource block grouping 340 employs a pre-coder -'5selection that provides a set of pre-coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks. The resource block grouping 340 corresponds to N groups of M resource blocks that represent a total of NM resource blocks for a channel. The N groups are farther partitioned into N/M' "super groups". An advantage of this embodiment over those of FIGUREs 3A and 3B is that a further reduction in feedback may be achieved although performance. may suffer. This embodimtent provides the best L out of M' pre-coders across an NIM' combination of groups (i.e., super-groups) . The L pre-coders are selected for each of these super-groups. Each of the pre-coders is selected wi th respect to one group that satisfies a certain optimal.ity criterion. For example, a maximum sum (group) throughput across super-groups may be employed wherein L pre-coders are selected that correspond to the L groups with maximum throughput. In this example, a super-group size M' equal to two and an L equal to one is shown in FIGURE 3C. Feedback empl-oys a preferred pre-coding mat.r-i.x/vector for each group, and pointers are employed to the best I groups for each super-group. The total feedback in bi.ts employing B bits per pre-coder may be represented by equation (2) below: N- N M ' -16 Again, these feedback bits can be jointly encoded. Of course, in each of the embodiments of FIGUREs 3A, 3B and 3C, other optimality criteria may be applied such as a worst case throughput or a specified maximum error rate, for example. FIGURE 4 illustrates a diagrarn of an embodiment of a pre coder selection 400 that is jointly encoded to achieve feedback transmission compression. The pre-coder selection 400 includes L pre-coder indices that comprise a pre-coder selection, For each pre-coder grouping scheme, a joint coding scheme may be employed for a collection of pre-coder indices that is uniquely specified employing a total number of bits to jointly code the indices. For eZaTplie, assume that four pre-coder indices are fed back wherein each of them is drawn from a set of three possibilities (that is, the codebook size of 3). The upper lImit needed is, of course, eight bits. However, if this information is compressed together, there are only 3* or 81 possibilities. This may be represented by seven bits. There are no two bits that represent each of the pre-coders directly, and the entire seven bits need to be decoded to determine the pre-coder information. However, compression of the feedback information i. s advaita.eou i i achieved. In general, this embodiment is advantageous not ornl.y when the codebook size is not a power of 2, but also in providing improved protection due to a more powerful coding. In addition, if a cyclic redundancy code (CRC) check is used, encoding over a -17larger number of bitA reduces the overhead due to the CRC parity bits. FIGURE 5A illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method 500 of operating a receiver carried out according to principles of the preSent ,invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the method 500 is for a receiver that operates in an OFDM or an QFDMA system and starts in a step 505. Then, in a step 510, channel estimates are provided employing transmission signals (e.g., reference or pilot signals) from a transmitter having a plurality of antennas. The channel estimates allow channel. quality indicators to be determined for frequency-domain resource blocks that form a comunicaLions channel. As Ttmentioned before, an example of channel quality indicators are signal to interference noise ratios (SINe) and mutual information. A pre-coder selection is generated that is based on the channel estimates and corresponds to a grouping of frequency domain resource blocks, in a step 515. In the illustrated emcbodiinent, the pre-coder selection provides a srigle pre-coder for each group of contiguous resource blocks. Alternatively, the pre-coder selection may provide a set of pre-coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each g*,roup of contiguous resource blocks or a set of pre-coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks. -18- The pre-cQder selection is based on an optimality criterion such as the suin throughput for the grouping of resource blocks that it represents, a worst case throughput, or a specified maximum error rate. Addit.tonally, the pre-coder selection may be based on a grouping of the resource blocks t hat is variable or fixed depending on a level of signaling support provided. The pre-coder selection for data transmission to the receiver is fed back to the transmitter in a step 520. The pre coder selection is jointly coded to achieve feedback transmission compression. The channel quality indicators are also fed back to the transmitter in the step 520. The method 500 ends in a step 525. FIGURE SB illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method 550 of operating a transmitter having a plurality of antennas carried out according to the principles of the present .Invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the method 550 is for a transmitter that operates in an OFDM or an OFDMA system and starts in a step 555. Then, in a step 560, the transmitter provides a capability of applying pre-coding to a data trans m mission for a receiver. Pre-coding allows the data transmission to be efficiently applied to the receiver based on channel quality indicators (such as a signal to interference noise ratio) that are. obtained from the receiver. -19- The pre-coder selection for the data transmission is decoded in a step 565. The pre-coder selection in the step 565 is fed back from the receiver and corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks employed by the receiver. In one embodiment, the pre-coder selection is jointly coded in the feedback to achieve feedback compression from the receiver. In one embodiment, the receiver may provide the pre-coder selection as a sigle pre-coder for each group of contiguous resource blocks. Alternatively, the pre-coder selection may be provided -as a set of pre-coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks or as a set of pre-coders corresponding to a comrHbinat.ion of groups of contiguous resource blocks. Additionally, the grouping of the resource blocks may be either variable or fixed 'based on signaling support provided between the transmitter and the receiver. In each of these cases, the pre-coder may be based on a sum throughput, a worst case throughput or a specified maximum error rate requ.ired for each of resource blocks. The pre-coder selection is applied to the data transmission to the receiver in a step 570 and the method 5- 5 0 ends in a step 575. While the methods disclosed herein have been described and shown with reference to particular steps performed in a particular order, it will be understood that these steps may be -20combined, subdivided, or reordered to form an equivalent method without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Accordingly, unless specifically indicated herein, the order or the grouping of the steps is not a limitation of the present invention. For instance, a1l the pre-coder selection feedback bits corresponding to the techniques given in this invention can also be jointly encoded with the channel quality indicator (CQl) bits to achieve further compression and coding efficiency. It is further possible to jointly encode the two combinations with at least one other receiver feedback such as rank selection and/or ACK-NAK feedback. it is further possible to separately encode the rank selection feedback bits with the jointly encoded CQI plus pre-coder selection bits where the rank selection feedback information serves as the codeword size indicator of the jointly encoded CQI plus pre-coder selection information. While the above embodiments are given in the context of an OFDM/OFDMA systemn, it is also possible to apply the techniques taught in this invention to some other data modul.ation or multiple access schemes that utilize some type of frequency domain multiplexing. Some examples include but are nt..inited to the classical frequency-domain -muitiple access (FDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), and multi-carrier code division multiP.le access (MC-CDMA). -21- H:\maInteove\NRPo1b\DCC\MAS\6926235_ ].docx- Ll/II/2014 -22 Those skilled in the art to which the invention relates will appreciate that other and further additions, deletions, substitutions and modifications may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the 5 invention. Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a 10 stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps. The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any 15 matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates. 20

Claims

1. A receiver, comprising: a receive portion employing transmission signals on 5 multiple streams from a transmitter having multiple antennas and capable of providing channel estimates; and a feedback generator portion configured to provide a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates, wherein the pre 10 coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency domain resource blocks.

2. The receiver as recited in Claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a single pre-coder for each 15 group of contiguous resource blocks.

3. The receiver as recited in Claim 2 wherein a number of contiguous resource blocks corresponding to each group is varied and configured by the transmitter employing signaling 20 to the receiver via a broadcast or a common control channel.

4. The receiver as recited in Claim 2 wherein a number of contiguous resource blocks corresponding to each group is varied and configured by a network employing signaling to 25 the receiver via a higher layer signaling.

5. A receiver, comprising: a receive portion employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas and capable of 30 providing channel estimates; and a feedback generator portion configured to provide a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter IIFW sumenvof emmaronniu tt\MAL5\~fl6926,2 I .doc\.Il/li/20114 -24 that is based on the channel estimates; wherein the pre coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency domain resource blocks, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre 5 coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks.

6. A receiver, comprising: a receive portion employing transmission signals from a 10 transmitter having multiple antennas and capable of providing channel estimates; and a feedback generator portion configured to provide a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates; wherein the pre 15 coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency domain resource blocks, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks. 20

7. The receiver as recited in Claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the pre-coder selection is jointly encoded to achieve feedback transmission compression. 25

8. The receiver as recited in Claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the pre-coder selection is jointly encoded with a channel quality indicator.

9. The receiver as recited in Claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the 30 pre-coder selection is based on one selected from the group consisting of: a sum throughput; H:ns\lnte oven\NRPortbI\DCC\MAS\6926235_I.doc l 1/11/2014 -25 a worst case throughput; and a specified maximum error rate.

10. The receiver as recited in Claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the 5 grouping of the resource blocks is variable or fixed based on signaling support.

11. The receiver as recited in Claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the receiver operates in an OFDM or OFDMA system. 10

12. A method of operating a receiver, comprising: providing channel estimates employing transmission signals on multiple streams from a transmitter having multiple antennas; and 15 feeding back a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks. 20

13. The method as recited in Claim 12, 16 or 17, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a single pre-coder for each group of contiguous resource blocks.

14. The method as recited in Claim 13 wherein a number of 25 contiguous resource blocks corresponding to each group is varied and configured by the transmitter employing signaling to the receiver via a broadcast or a common control channel.

15. The method as recited in Claim 13 wherein a number of 30 contiguous resource blocks corresponding to each group is varied and configured by a network employing signaling to the receiver via a higher layer signaling. H:- alntenv o\N Kil'o rl)C \A5\6926235_ldocx- 11/11/2014 -26

16. A method of operating a receiver, comprising: providing channel estimates employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas; and 5 feeding back a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates; wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks 10 wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks.

17. A method of operating a receiver, comprising: 15 providing channel estimates employing transmission signals from a transmitter having multiple antennas; and feeding back a pre-coder selection for data transmission to the transmitter that is based on the channel estimates; wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a 20 grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks. 25

18. The method as recited in Claim 12, 16 or 17, wherein the pre-coder selection is jointly encoded to achieve feedback transmission compression.

19. The method as recited in Claim 12, 16 or 17, wherein 30 the pre-coder selection is jointly encoded with a channel quality indicator. H:\mas\Intenvove\NRPorbk\DCC\MAS\6926235_I.docx. 11/11/2014 -27

20. The method as recited in Claim 12, 16 or 17, wherein the pre-coder selection is based on one selected from the group consisting of: a sum throughput; 5 a worst case throughput; and a specified maximum error rate.

21. The method as recited in Claim 12, 16 or 17, wherein the grouping of the resource blocks is variable or fixed 10 based on signaling support.

22. The method as recited in Claim 12, 16 or 17, wherein the receiver operates in an OFDM or OFDMA system. 15

23. A transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: a feedback decoding portion configured to extract a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a 20 grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks; and a transmit portion coupled to the plurality of antennas that applies the pre-coding selection to data on multiple steams to be transmitted via multiple antennas to the receiver based on decoded information corresponding to the 25 pre-coder selection.

24. The transmitter as recited in Claim 23, 27 or 28, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a single pre-coder for each group of contiguous resource blocks. 30

25. The transmitter as recited in Claim 23, 27 or 28, wherein the transmitter configures a number of contiguous :\\Intevovsen \NRPorlbDCC\MAS\6926235_l.docx-i I/ 1/2014 -28 resource blocks and signals the number to the receiver via a broadcast or a common control channel.

26. The transmitter as recited in Claim 23, 27 or 28, 5 wherein the transmitter determines a number of contiguous resource blocks based on a request from the receiver.

27. A transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: 10 a feedback decoding portion configured to extract a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre 15 coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks; and a transmit portion coupled to the plurality of antennas that applies the pre-coding selection to data to be transmitted to the receiver based on decoded information 20 corresponding to the pre-coder selection.

28. A transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: a feedback decoding portion configured to extract a 25 pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a combination of groups of 30 contiguous resource blocks; and a transmit portion coupled to the plurality of antennas that applies the pre-coding selection to data to be I\ns\nteoven\NRPonblDCC\MAS\6926235_].docx- 1/ 1/2014 -29 transmitted to the receiver based on decoded information corresponding to the pre-coder selection.

29. The transmitter as recited in Claim 23, 27 or 28, 5 wherein the grouping of the resource blocks is variable or fixed based on signaling support.

30. The transmitter as recited in Claim 23, 27 or 28, wherein the transmitter operates in an OFDM or OFDMA system. 10

31. A method of operating a transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: extracting a pre-coder selection for multiple streams provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the 15 pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency domain resource blocks; and applying the pre-coder selection to data on the multiple streams to be transmitted to the receiver via multiple antennas based on decoded information corresponding 20 to the pre-coder selection.

32. The method as recited in Claim 31, 35 or 36, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a single pre-coder for each group of contiguous resource blocks. 25

33. The method as recited in Claim 32 wherein the transmitter configures a number of contiguous resource blocks and signals the number to the receiver via a broadcast or a common control channel. 30

34. The method as recited in Claim 32 the transmitter determines a number of contiguous resource blocks based on a H:I\ma\Ierwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\MAS\69262flI.docx-il/I I/2{)I4 -30 request from the receiver.

35. A method of operating a transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: 5 extracting a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre 10 coders corresponding to a subgroup of resource blocks contained in each group of contiguous resource blocks; and applying the pre-coder selection to data to be transmitted to the receiver based on decoded information corresponding to the pre-coder selection. 15

36. A method of operating a transmitter having a plurality of antennas, comprising: extracting a pre-coder selection provided by a feedback signal from a receiver, wherein the pre-coder selection 20 corresponds to a grouping of frequency-domain resource blocks, wherein the pre-coder selection provides a set of pre coders corresponding to a combination of groups of contiguous resource blocks; and 25 applying the pre-coder selection to data to be transmitted to the receiver based on decoded information corresponding to the pre-coder selection.

37. The method as recited in Claim 31, 35 or 36, wherein 30 the grouping of the resource blocks is variable or fixed based on signaling support. H:\miasIinrwoven\NK~orb\DCC\MAS\6926235_l.doclx-I I/ l/2014 -31

38. The method as recited in Claim 31, 35 or 36, wherein the transmitter operates in an OFDM or OFDMA system.

39. The transmitter as recited in Claim 23, 27 or 28, 5 wherein the pre-coder transmission is based on channel estimates and CQI information.

40. The transmitter as recited in Claim 39, wherein the pre-coder selection and CQI are computed for the next time 10 the receiver is scheduled by the transmitter to receive data.

41. The transmitter as recited in Claim 40, wherein the feedback decoding portion encodes the pre-coder selection 15 and CQI information and feeds it back to the transmitter before the data is transmitted.

42. The transmitter as recited in Claim 23, 27 or 28, wherein each of the resource blocks represents bandwidth. 20

43. The transmitter as recited in Claim 42, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth.

44. The transmitter as recited in Claim 43, wherein each of 25 the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth comprising 12 OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers.

45. The transmitter as recited in Claim 44, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth comprising 30 12 OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers thereby giving a group size of 900 kHZ for each of first, second and third pre-coders selected. : \asnenoven\NKPortbl\DCC\MAS\6926235_I. doc-I l/ll /2014 -32

46. The method as recited in Claim 31, wherein the pre coder transmission is based on channel estimates and CQI information. 5

47. The method as recited in Claim 46, wherein the pre coder selection and CQI are computed for the next time the receiver is scheduled by the transmitter to receive data. 10

48. The method as recited in Claim 47, wherein the feedback decoding portion encodes the pre-coder selection and CQI information and feeds it back to the transmitter before the data is transmitted. 15

49. The method as recited in Claim 31, 35 or 36, wherein each of the resource blocks represents bandwidth.

50. The method as recited in Claim 49, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth. 20

51. The transmitter as recited in Claim 50, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth comprising 12 OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers. 25

52. The method as recited in Claim 51, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth comprising 12 OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers thereby giving a group size of 900 kHZ for each of first, second and third pre-coders selected. 30

53. The receiver as recited in Claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the pre-coder transmission is based on channel estimates and CQI information. H \idsotenvove/\NRPo1bDCC\MAS\6926231_doenl/I1/2014 -33

54. The receiver as recited in Claim 53, wherein the pre coder selection and CQI are computed for the next time the receiver is scheduled by the transmitter to receive data. 5

55. The receiver as recited in Claim 54, wherein the feedback decoding portion encodes the pre-coder selection and CQI information and feeds it back to the transmitter before the data is transmitted. 10

56. The receiver as recited in Claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein each of the resource blocks represents bandwidth.

57. The receiver as recited in Claim 56, wherein each of 15 the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth.

58. The receiver as recited in Claim 57, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth comprising 12 OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers. 20

59. The receiver as recited in Claim 58, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth comprising 12 OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers thereby giving a group size of 900 kHZ for each of first, second and third pre-coders 25 selected.

60. The method as recited in Claim 12, 15 or 16, wherein the pre-coder transmission is based on channel estimates and CQI information. 30

61. The method as recited in Claim 60, wherein the pre coder selection and CQI are computed for the next time the H:\ms\nic,-ovn\NRPortbi\DCC\MAS\6926235_I.docx-ll /1/2014 -34 receiver is scheduled by the transmitter to receive data.

62. The method as recited in Claim 61, wherein the feedback decoding portion encodes the pre-coder selection and CQI 5 information and feeds it back to the transmitter before the data is transmitted.

63. The method as recited in Claim 31, 35 or 36, wherein each of the resource blocks represents bandwidth. 10

64. The method as recited in Claim 63, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth.

65. The receiver as recited in Claim 64, wherein each of 15 the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth comprising 12 OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers.

66. The method as recited in Claim 65, wherein each of the resource blocks represents 180kHz bandwidth comprising 12 20 OFDM/OFDMA sub-carriers thereby giving a group size of 900 kHZ for each of first, second and third pre-coders selected.

67. A receiver substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to the accompanying drawings. 25

68. A method of operating a receiver substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to the accompanying drawings. 30

69. A transmitter having a plurality of antennas substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to the accompanying drawings. H:\mas\ntenvoven\NRPonbl\DCC\MAS\6926235_l-docx- 11/11/2014 - 35

70. A method of operating a transmitter substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to the accompanying drawings. 5