20963WO MA/ds Use of isorhamnetin triglycosides The present invention relates to the use of isorhamnetin triglycosides and of extracts comprising these for treatment or prophylaxis of neurologic and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, and for improvement of memory functions. Furthermore, the invention relates to the isorhamnetin triglycoside 2 and to plant extracts comprising this glycoside. Neurological diseases, such as the so-called "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" (abbreviated ADHD) are treated with great success with drugs which themselves act motorically stimulating, e.g. methyl phenidate and methamphetamine. In addition, a multitude of other neurological and psychic diseases is associated with a considerable reduction of everyday activities. Depressive or anxious people often report about having difficulties to contribute in normal working life or leisure activities. This causes losses of social contacts and is more and more progressing deterioration of the clinical picture. Could this avoidance behaviour be positively influenced by a medicamentous therapy, this could lead to an increase of social contacts, and thereby to an improvement of the clinical picture. Thereby, drugs used for treatment of such psychic diseases so far (antidepressants / anxiolytics), which often have a sedative effect and thereby increase inactivity of patients, could be effectively supported. Often especially elderly, who already show deficiencies in the mental area, are affected by a reduction of everyday activities so that an improvement of both activity and mental functions can lead to an improvement of the quality of life of affected persons. Thereby, object of the present invention is providing a drug, which increases motivation dependent behaviour and moreover causes an improvement of mental functions and thereby is suitable for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with a reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation and for improvement of memory functions. 1 This object is achieved by use of isorhamnetin triglycosides of general formula I for producing a drug and food and by isorhamnetin triglycosides of general formula I as drug and as food, respectively, 0-CH 3 OH HO o o" o A R1 OH 0 R2 R3 I wherein in formula 1 R1 = a-L-rha or c-L-rha-(1->4)-c-L-rha, R2 = B-D-xyl or H and R3 = -OH or "'OH for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with a reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation. At this, it is preferred the use of the compounds: 3-[(0-6-deoxy-a-L mannopyranosyl-(1 ->6)-0-[B-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 ->2)]-B-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-5,7 dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (compound 2, R1 = x-L rha, R2 = BD-xyl, R3 = -OH), 3-[(O-6-deoxy-c-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-0-6-deoxy-X-L mannopyranosyl-(1 ->6)-B-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (compound 3, R1 = a-L-rha-(1->4)-a-L-rha, R2 = H, R3 = ."'OH) and 3-[(O-6-deoxy-c-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->6)-O-[B-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)] B1-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1 -benzopyran-4 one (compound 4, R1 = c-L-rha, R2 = 8-D-xyl, R3 = "'"OH ). Preferably, the compound of formula 1 (especially compound 2, 3 and 4) is ingredient of a plant extract (especially and extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica). Surprisingly, it was found that oral application of isorhamnetin triglycosides 2 and 3 at mice leads to a significant, doses-dependent and statistically significant increase of exploratory behaviour, without changing further parameters of behaviour (Table 2). Furthermore, the long-term potentiation in rat-brainslice-preparations (LTP model) is significantly increased under influence of isorhamnetin triglycosides 2 and 4 compared to control experiments with buffer solution (Fig. 2 and 3). The compounds of general formula 1 are therefore generally 2 suitable for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with a reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive mood states, chronic fatigue syndrome, states of exhaustion, neurasthenia, somatisation disorders, the cementing syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementias, memory disorders of other causes and states of confusion. Moreover, the isorhamnetin triglycosides according to the present invention can be used for improvement of memory functions. Furthermore, it was found that an extract from opuntia containing these substances showed a significant improvement of learning performance, especially of spatial learning, in an animal model ("Morris Watermaze"). Compound 2 is the substance not described so far 3-[(O-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->6) O-[Q-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 ->2)]-B-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (corresponding to 3-{a-L-rha-(1->6)-[R-D-xyl-(1->2)] R-D-gal}-isorhamnetin). This new compound 2 is also object of the present invention. Moreover, also plant extracts comprising the isorhamnetin triglycoside 2 are object of the invention. Thereby, extracts from opuntia species are preferred and especially preferred from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica. Object of the invention are furthermore drugs, food, and other preparations, containing one or more of isorhamnetin triglycosides 2, 3 and 4 or plant extracts comprising one or more isorhamnetin triglycosides 2, 3 and 4, where applicable in combination with other substances, such as active substances and/or excipients. As food here especially dietary food, food supplements, medical food and dietary supplements are to be understood. In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a use of isorhamnetin triglycosides of general formula 1,
CH
3 OH HO 0 I I OH 0 R2 R3
I
wherein R1 = a-L-rha, R2 = B1-D-xyl, R3 = -OH (compound 2) or wherein R1 = a-L-rha-(1->4)-a-L-rha, R2 = H, R3 = ""'OH (compound 3) or wherein R1 = a-L-rha, R2 = 11-D-xyl, R3 = "'"OH (compound 4), for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, selected from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic fatigue syndrome, states of exhaustion, the dementing syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementias, memory disorders of other causes, and for improvement of memory functions. In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of isorhamnetin triglycosides of general formula 1, 0 CH3 OH HO 0o N. I I OH 00 o o" o -R1 R2 R3 1 wherein R1 = a-L-rha, R2 = G-D-xyl, R3 = -OH (compound 2) or wherein R1 = a-L-rha-(1->4)-a-L-rha, R2 = H, R3 = "'"OH (compound 3) or wherein RI = a-L-rha, R2 = 1-D-xyl, R3 = "'"OH (compound 4), for producing a drug for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, selected from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic fatigue syndrome, states of exhaustion, the dementing syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementias, memory disorders of other causes, and for improvement of memory functions. In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of isorhamnetin triglycosides of general formula 1, 0 CH 3 OH HO 0 N0 K I 0o 0 A R1 OH 0 O' 0 R2 R3 1 wherein R1 = a-L-rha, R2 = 8-D-xyl, R3 = -OH (compound 2) or wherein R1 = ax-L-rha-(l->4)-a-L-rha, R2 = H, R3 = H (compound 3) or wherein R1 = a-L-rha, R2 = B-D-xyl, R3 = '"OH (compound 4), for producing food or as food for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, selected from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic fatigue syndrome, states of exhaustion, the dementing syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementias, memory disorders of other causes, and for improvement of memory functions. In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided isolated Isorhamnetin triglycoside of general formula 1, O cH3 OH HO 0 Nz I I 0/, 0 A R1 OH 0 0 R2 R3 I in which R1 = a-L-rha, R2 = G1-D-xyl and R3 = -OH (compound 2). Object of the invention are especially the following embodiments: 1. A use of isorhamnetin triglycosides of general formula 1, 0,CH 3 OH HO 0 OH 0 R2 R3 in which R1 = a-L-rha or x-L-rha-(l->4)-ax-L-rha, R2 = G-D-xyl or H and R3 = -OH or -'OH for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, and for improvement of memory functions. 2. The use of isorhamnetin triglycosides of general formula 1, o'CH3 OH I I OH O0 OH0 R2 R3 in which R1 = a-L-rha or a-L-rha-(1->4)-x-L-rha, R2 = B1-D-xyl or H and R3 = -OH or "'"OH 4 for producing a drug for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, and for improvement of memory functions. 3. The use of isorhamnetin triglycosides of general formula 1, O H 3 OH HO 0 I I 0o 0 A -R1 OH 0 0 R2 R3 1 in which R1 = a-L-rha or c-L-rha-(1->4)-a-L-rha, R2 = G-D-xyl or H and R3 = -OH or --"OH for producing food or as food for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, and for improvement of memory functions. 5 4. A compound of general formula 1, 0-CH 3 OH HO 0 I | 0 0 A -R1 OH 0 0 R2 R3 1 in which R1 = a-L-rha or ca-L-rha-(l->4)-ax-L-rha, R2 = B-D-xyl or H and R3 = -OH or "4'OH for use as drug for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, and for improvement of memory functions. 5. The compound of general formula 1, 0CH, 3 OH HO 0 . I I OH 0 0 R2 R3 1 in which R1 = a-L-rha or ax-L-rha-(1->4)-a-L-rha, R2 = B-D-xyl or H and R3 = -OH or '"OH 6 for use as food for treatment or prophylaxis of neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, and for improvement of memory functions. 6. The use according to paragraph 1, 2 or 3 and the compound for use according to paragraph 4 or 5, respectively, wherein the neurological and psychic diseases associated with reduction of everyday activity and/or connected with a disorder of mental functions influencing everyday activities and/or of attentiveness disorder and states of agitation, are selected from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive mood states, chronic fatigue syndrome, states of exhaustion, neurasthenia, somatisation disorders, the dementing syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementias, memory disorders of other causes and states of confusion. 7. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein the isorhamnetin triglycoside of general formula 1 is selected from compound 2 wherein R1 = a-L-rha, R2 = 1-D-xyl, R3 = -OH 8. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein the isorhamnetin triglycoside of general formula I is selected from compound 3 wherein R1 = a-L-rha-(1->4)-a-L-rha, R2 = H, R3 = ""OH 9. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein the isorhamnetin triglycoside of general formula 1 is selected from compound 4 wherein R1 = ax-L-rha, R2 = G-D-xyl, R3 = ""OH 10. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein one or more compounds of general formula 1 are contained in a plant extract. 11. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to paragraph 10, wherein the plant extract is an extract from opuntias. 12. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to paragraph 11, wherein the plant extract is an extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica. 7 13. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to paragraph 12, wherein the plant extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica is produced with 10 to 90 % by weight ethanol as extraction solvent. 14. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to paragraph 12, wherein the plant extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica is produced with 50 to 70 % by weight ethanol as extraction solvent. 15. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to any one of paragraphs 10 to 14, wherein the concentration of at least one of the compounds of general formula I in the dry content of plant extract is in the range from 0.01 to 10 % by weight. 16. The use and the compound for use, respectively, according to paragraph 15, wherein the concentration of at least one of the compounds of general formula 1 in the dry content of plant extract is in the range from 0.05 to 5 %. 17. Isorhamnetin triglycoside of general formula 1, 0'CH3 OH HO 0 I I OH H R2 R3 1 in which R1 = a-L-rha, R2 = B-D-xyl and R3 -- OH (compound 2). 18. A plant extract containing the isorhamnetin triglycoside 2 according to paragraph 17. 19. The plant extract according to paragraph 18, wherein the plant extract is an extract from opuntia species. 20. The plant extract according to paragraph 19, wherein the plant extract is an extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica. 8 21. The plant extract according to paragraph 20, wherein the plant extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica is produced with 10 to 90 % by weight ethanol as extraction solvent. 22. The plant extract according to paragraph 21, wherein the plant extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica is produced with 50 to 70 % by weight ethanol as extraction solvent. 23. The plant extract according to any one of paragraphs 18 to 22, wherein the concentration of compound 2 in the dry content of plant extract is in the range from 0.01 to 10 % by weight. 24. The plant extract according to paragraph 23, wherein the concentration of compounds 2 in the dry content of plant extract is in the range from 0.05 to 5 % by weight. 25. The plant extract according to any one of paragraphs 18 to 24, wherein the plant extract is a dry extract. 26. A drug with a content of at least 1 of the compounds of general formula I as defined in paragraph 1, 7, 8 or 9. 27. A food with a content of at least 1 of the compounds of general formula 1 as defined in paragraph 1, 7, 8 or 9. 28. The drug or the food according to paragraph 26 or 27 as oral pharmaceutical preparation containing suitable excipients. 29. The drug or the food according to paragraph 26 or 27, consisting of a plant extract according to any one of paragraphs 18 to 25 and suitable excipients as oral pharmaceutical preparation. 9 Fig. I Structure of 2 with important HMBC correlations. Fig. 2 Influence of isorhamnetin triglycoside 2 and control solution, respectively, on the size of the POP spikes after repeated LTP induction. Supply of substance starts 10 minutes after the first LTP induction. Fig. 3 Influence of isorhamnetin triglycoside 4 and control solution, respectively, on the size of the POP spikes after repeated LTP induction. Supply of substance starts 10 minutes after the first LTP induction, Fig. 4 Frequency of finding the platform in percentage at day 9 of the test according to Example 5. The new compound 2 was isolated as pure substance from an extract from opuntias by liquid-liquid-distribution, column chromatography and HPLC separation (Example 2). The structure resulted from the combination of HSQCGP measurements allowing for an unambiguous attribution of protons to the bound carbon atoms. Based thereon, by application of COSY and selective TOCSY measurements with different mixing time, the sequence of hydrogen protons of a respective sugar residue could be queried, and by taking the coupling constants into consideration are merely unambiguous attribution of each three sugar entities could be built up. Subsequently, the linkage of rings among each other and of the aglycon was determined by HMBC measurements (Fig. 1). Finally, the structure proposal obtained thereby was checked for coherence by ROESY (Table 1). For the very similar chemical shifts of protons H-2'" and H-3", the exact value of coupling constants and of chemical shift was derived by simulation of the coupling pattern in the TOCSY spectrum. For verification of the absolute conFig.uration of sugar building units, an acid hydrolysis was performed and the monomers were identified as D-galactose, D-xylose and L-rhamnose by means of HPLC-MS and comparison with reference compounds. Likewise, the compounds 3 and 4 were isolated (Example 2) and characterized wherein they are derivatives of the isoquercitrin. Compound 3 was isolated from Eschscholtzia californica (M.-A.Beck and H.Haberlein, Phytochemistry 50 (1999), 329 - 332, there compound 6), but was not examined for biological properties. Compound 4 has already been found in peanut shells and there was examined for radical catcher properties and anti-diabetes effect (H. Lou et al., "Alkanoids and Flavanoids from Peanut Skins", Planta Med. 67 (2001) 345 - 349). The extracts from opuntia species or preferably from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica according to the present invention can be obtained by known production methods in varying composition with solvents, such as water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, etc., and mixtures 10 thereof at temperatures from room temperature to 70 0 C during mixing, i.e. by maceration, within from 10 min to 24 h, or alternatively by percolation at room temperature within from 1 h to 24 h. Thereby, preferred extraction solvents are mixtures of ethanol and water in the ratio ethanol / water = 10/90 to 90/10 (w/w), particularly preferred 50/50 to 70/30 (w/w). For producing an extract, for example, finely ground, dried flowers of opuntia ficus indica were extracted two times with the 7-fold quantity by weight, 60 percent by weight ethanol 30 to 120 min (e.g. 60 min) at 50 to 70*C (e.g. 60*C) and the solutions were filtered. Subsequently, the combined filtrates were largely freed from the organic solvent in vacuum at 40 0 C, and the remaining aqueous phase was dried. For enrichment of compounds 2, 3 and/or 4 according to the present invention, further concentration steps can be performed such as liquid-liquid distribution with e.g. 1-butanol/water or ethylacetate/water, adsorption-desorption at ionexchanger, Sephadex LH20, Diaion HP20 and other resins or chromatographic separation over RP18, silica gel, etc. If further processing to dry extracts is desired, this is performed by known methods by evaporating the solvent at increased temperature and/or reduced pressure or by freeze drying. Thereby, dry extracts generally have a dry residue of at least 95 percent by weight according to the European pharmacopoeia. The compounds of general formula 1 according to the present invention and extracts containing at least one of these compounds, respectively, can be preferably orally administered in the form of powders, granulates, tablets, coated tablets or capsules or also in solution. Thereby, dosing is such that per day 0.1 mg to 250 mg, preferably 0.3 mg to 50 mg of one or more of compounds of general formula 1, especially of one or more of compounds 2, 3 and 4, are administered. For producing of tablets, at least one of the compounds of general formula 1, especially one or more of compounds 2, 3 and 4 and their respective extract, respectively, are mixed with suitable, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as lactose, cellulose, silicon dioxide, croscarmellose and magnesium stearate, and pressed into tablets which, if applicable, are covered with a suitable coating, such as hydroxymethyl propylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, dyes (e.g. titanium dioxide, iron oxide) and talcum. 11 Examples Example 1: Producing an extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica 500 g finely ground, dried flowers of opuntia ficus-indica were extracted two times with the 7-fold quantity of weight 60 percent by weight ethanol 60 min at 60 0 C, and the solutions were filtered over an Seitz supra filter 1500. Subsequently, the combined filtrates were largely freed from organic solvent in vacuum at 40*C, and the remaining aqueous phase was freeze dried: 96.2 g (19.2 % relative to the dried plant material). The extract contains 0.10% 2, 0.13% 3 and 0.24% 4. Quantification of the triglycosides 2 to 4: For quantification of the triglycosides, the extract is taken up in 50% MeOH (1 mg/ml), the mixture is filtered, and 10 pl (10,000 ng) are used for an HPLC-MS quantification. The amount is determined by means of a 4-point calibration from 0.1% to 1% (10 to 100 ng per injection) of the purified glycosides. HPLC conditions: Column: Phenomenex Luna 5 u C18(2) (250x4.6 mm); eluent A: MeCN/H 2 0/HCOOH = 5:95:0.3, eluent B: MeCN/H 2 0/HCOOH = 59:41:0.3; gradient: 8 min isocratic 100% A, within 22 min to 50% A; flow: 0.6 ml/min. For quantification of the LC-MS-chromatogram, selected mass tracks of pseudo molecule ions are analyzed. For 3 m/z (M+H*) = 771 Da with Rt = 5.4 min, and with 4 and 2 m/z (M+H*) = 757 Da with Rt = 5.9 and 6.2 min, respectively, are used. Example 2: Isolation of the triglycosides 2 to 4 500.2 g 60 percent by weight ethanolic extract from flowers of opuntia ficus-indica (produced according to sample 1) are distributed with 10 I H20 and 6.7 I ethyl acetate, the aqueous phase is filtered, the filtrate is given over a bed (d = 14 cm, h = 40 cm) of Diaion HP-20 and the retentate is eluted with water. The water eluate (111) is largely reduced in vacuum at 40 0 C, and the residue is finally lyophilized. The remaining solid (132.2 g) is taken up in 850 ml 50% MeOH, and chromatographed over a Sephadex LH-20-column (d = 7.8 cm, h = 169 cm; approx. 50 ml per glass). Fractions of similar composition are combined: F9 (glasses 91-102): 2.5 g concentrated 3; F10 (glasses 103-125) 3 and 4: 6.1 g; F11 (glasses 126-142): 2 and 4: 5.3 g, F12 (glasses 143-148): 2 and 4: 1.5 g. 12 For further purification, the fractions are separated in portions by means of repeated preparative RP HPLC (column: Synergi Hydro RP, d = 2.5 cm, I = 25 cm; mobile phase: isocratic MeOH/MeCN/H 2 0 = 4/14/82; UV-detection: 254 nm; flow: 35 ml/min): 0.24 g (0.05%) 3; 0.45 g (0.09%) 4 and 0.08 g (0.02%) 2. Table 1: NMR-data for 2 Sugar 8 S HMBC ROESY S entity 1 H multiplicity J [Hz] 13C H# -> C# H# ->H# 2 158.2 3 134.7 4 179.2 5 162.8 6 6.22 d 2.0 99.6 C-7, C-5, C-10, C-8 7 165.6 8 6.43 d 2.0 94.5 C-7, C-9, C-10, C-6 9 158.1 10 105.5 1' 122.9 2' 7.98 d 2.0 114.2 C-2, C-3', C-4', C-6' OMe 3' 148.2 4' 150.9 5' 6.94 d 8.5 115.8 C-4', C-3', C-1' H-6' 6' 7.62 dd 2.0, 8.5 123.8 C-2, C-4', C-2' H-5' OMe 4.00 s C-3' H-3", H-4", H-5", H-6"a, H 1" B-D-gal 5.51 d 7.8 101.1 C-5", C-3 6"b 2" B-D-gal 4.05 dd 7.8, 9.5 79.1 C-1"', C-1", C-3" H-1"', 3" B-D-gal 3.77 dd 3.3, 9.5 74.9 C-2" H-1", H-6"b, 4" B-D-gal 3.82 dd 1.1, 3.3 69.9 C-3", C-2" H-1", H-i"', H-4" 3.68 ddd 1.1, 5.7, 5" 8-D-gal 6.8 75.1 C-6", C-4", C-1" H-1", H-1"" a) 3.75 dd 5.7, 10.2 C-2" (artifact) H-1", H-1"", H-6"b 6" B-D-gal b) 3.49 dd 6.8, 10.2 66.9 C-1"", C-5" H-1", H-1"", H-6"a 1"' Bl-D-xyl 4.83 d 6.7 104.6 C-3"', C-2", H-5"'b, H-2" 2' B-D-xyl 3.426 dd 6.7, 8.2 74.1 C-3"', H-5.'a 3' B-D-xyl 3.413 dd 8.6, 8.2 76.3 C-2"' H-1' 3.51 ddd 8.9, 8.6, 4"' 1-D-xyl 4.7 70.7 H-5" 5' a) 3.98 dd 4.7, 11.8 C-3"', C-1"', H-2"', H-5'"b B-D-xyl b) 3.25 dd 8.9, 11.8 66.0 C-4"', C-1' H-5'a, H-1"' 1"" a-L-rha 4.56 d 1.7 101.6 C-6", C-5"", C-3"" H-5", H-6"a, H-6"b, H-2"", 2"" a-L-rha 3.60 dd 1.7, 3.3 71.8 C-4"", C-3"" H-1"" 3"" a-L-rha 3.52 dd 3.3, 9.5 72.0 C-4"" 4"" a-L-rha 3.29 t 9.5 73.6 C-5"", C-3"", C-6"" H-6"" 5"" a-L-rha 3.55 dq 6.3, 9.5 69.4 C-4"" H-6"", H-6"a 6"" a-L-rha 1.20 d 6.2 17.8 C-5"", C-4"" H-4"", H-5"" 13 Example 3: effectiveness of the isorhamnetin triglycosides 2, 3 and 4 on mice The activity-increasing effect of the isorhamnetin triglycosides 2, 3 and 4 was tested on laboratory animals in the so-called "light-dark-box" system. The principle of the used testing system is to expose mice to a behaviour paradigm which activates two opposed patterns of behaviour. The box consists of two compartments of which a smaller darker part is separated from a lighter and larger part by a wall. In the center of the wall, there is a small opening allowing the laboratory animal to change between the two compartments. The experiment starts with inserting the mouse into the light field. The congenital preference behavior for darkness causes the animals to change into the dark secure compartment after a short latency period. However, after a short period, the curiosity behavior (exploratory behavior), which is equally strong, causes the mice to change again into the light compartment. Thereby, two congenital kinds of behavior, namely preference for darkness (as protection against predators) and the exploratory behavior (important for search for food, search for partners) are in conflict, which are recorded for a period of three minutes. Drugs having a calming pharmacological effect lead to a decrease of frequency of change between the compartments, whereas drugs with stimulating activities increase the frequency of change. Thereby, the frequency of change is an index for activity-controlled exploration behavior as indication of a habituation (M. Bourin, and M. Hascoet, "The mouse light/dark box test", Eur. J. Pharmacol. 463 (2003) 55 - 65). Thereby, the experimental setup observes behavior parameters which are suitable to measure and evaluate the degree of activity. To test the activity-increasing effects of the isorhamnetin triglycosides 2, 3 and 4, mice were one-time treated with different high dosages of the flavones. For comparison, some animals were treated either with the sedating benzodiazepine lorazepam, or with the activity increasing preparation methamphetamine or with an ineffective control solution. After 60 min, the animals were placed into the light compartment of the "light-dark-box" and observed for a period of three minutes. As degree of activity, the frequency of changes between the fields was measured. Oral, one-time application of isorhamnetin triglycosides 2 in a dosage of 3 and 10 mg/kg leads to an explicit, significant increase of change frequency in the "light-dark box". At an application of 30 mg/kg, this effect gets lost (in similarity to the standard stimulant "methamphetamine", Table 3). 14 Table 2: Effect of the isorhamnetin triglycosides 2 and 3 in comparison to the anxiolytic lorazepam. The number of field changes in comparison to the vehicle control is measured. Substance 2 3 Lorazepam % of the control % of the control % of the control 0.3 mg/kg po -46 3 mg/kg po + 92 +15 10 mg/kg po +100 # + 54 # 30 mg/kg po +38 + 52 # # error probability p < 0.05 versus control, po = peroral Table 3: Comparison substance methamphetamine: Methamphetamine shows an explicit and dose dependent increase of change frequency. In the medium dosage (3.0 mg/kg), no further increase of the effect was possible because the laboratory animals were significantly disturbed in their behavior by the side effects of substance, and in the highest tested dosage (10 mg/kg), the side effects were so strong that the laboratory animals did not change the compartments any longer. Substance Dose Change Change mg/kg peroral number percentage of the control control 7 1,9 0 methamphetamine 0.3 7.5 2.1 + 7 % methamphetamine 1.0 10.6 1.6## + 51 % methamphetamine 3.0 10.9 3.3 # + 56 % methamphetamine 10.0 0.6 i 1.2 ## - 91 % # error probability p < 0.05 versus control ## error probability p < 0.001 versus control Example 4: Effectiveness of the isorhamnetin triglycosides 2 and 4 on rat-brainslice preparations To test the influence of the isorhamnetin triglycosides 2 and 4 on mental functions, the induction of the so-called long-term potentiation (LTP) was used. In brainslice-preparations of vertebrates, LTP serves as cellular model for learning procedures, especially in the working memory (T. V. P. Bliss, and G. L. Collingridge, ,A synaptic model of memory: Long-term 15 potentiation in the hippocampus", Nature 361 (1993) 31 - 39). By repeated irritation of neurons a long lasting enhancement of the synaptic transmission is induced, which emerges from a stabilization or activation of so-called silent synapses to a new formation of connection patterns (learning). The region of the brain which is examined best for LTP measurements is the hippocampus which plays a central role for the processing of learning procedures, however, LTP also occurs in other brain regions (G. A. Kerchner, and R.A. Nicoll, ,,Silent synapses and the emergence of a postsynaptic mechanism for LTP", Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9 (2008) 813 - 825). For rats and other rodents, the long-term potentiation is especially associated with the development of spatial learning (J. R. Whitlock, A. J. Heynen, M. G. Shuler, and M. F. Bear, "Learning induced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus", Science 313 (2006) 1093 - 1097). The experiments were performed on hippocampus slice preparations of 8-12 week old female Wistar rats. The brain slices were hold at 35 0 C in a measure chamber and perfused with nutrient solution. Glass microelectrodes are placed in the dendritic region of the stratum pyramidale (CA1) to register "population spikes" (POP spikes). The Schaffer collaterals are stimulated with bipolar stimulus electrodes of platinum wire and the resulting action potentials (POP spikes) are measured. The actual experiment starts after an equilibration time of 60 minutes during which the brain slices are not manipulated. Subsequently, the electrodes are placed and it is started to stimulate the Schaffer collaterals with increasing intensity of current. After reaching the maximum stimulus response, the intensity of current is reduced such that only 50% of the maximum possible stimulus strength is reached. Thereby, it can be checked in a subsequent experiment if an enhancement of the stimulus response is possible. Subsequently, it is stimulated every ten seconds with the sub-maximum stimulus strength, and the POP spikes are registered. The first LTP induction starts with a repetitive stimulation (100 Hz for 1 second). On the 1st stimulation follows the new single stimulation (every 10 seconds a sub-maximum stimulation) for 10 minutes. This first stimulation serves for checking if the brain slice shows a stimulus response to the LTP induction. After the first 10 minutes, it started with the supply of substance, and for further 10 minutes, the size of the POP spikes is registered. Subsequently, every 20 minutes a new LTP induction, each with a registration lasting 20 minutes, is performed (altogether 5 inductions). The testing substance and the control solution, respectively, occurs continuously from the 10th minute of the 1st LTP induction. The isorhamnetin triglycosides 2 and 4 were tested in comparison to the used solvent. The isorhamnetin triglycosides 2 and 4 showed an explicit increase of stimulus response after LTP stimulation. Fig. 2 shows the influence of isorhamnetin triglycoside 2 and control 16 solution, respectively, on the size of the POP spikes after repeated LTP induction. Supply of substance starts 10 minutes after the 1st LTP induction. Fig. 3 shows the influence of isorhamnetin triglycoside 4 and control solution, respectively, on the size of POP spikes after repeated LTP induction. Supply of substance starts 10 minutes after the 1st LTP induction. Example 5: Effectiveness of the extract according to Example 1 on rats To test the influence of the extract from opuntias according to Example 1 on mental functions, rats were treated with the extract, and in the so-called "Morris Watermaze", the memory performance was checked. For this purpose, rats were orally treated for 6 days either with the extract from opuntias, or for control, only with the carrier solution. At the test days, 7, 8 and 9, the animals were treated in the same manner, but additionally after the treatment they were seated into a pool filled with water, where the animals should find a platform positioned beneath the water surface. To measure the influencing of mental functions, rats were treated with the anticholinergic substance scopolamine, and the influence of a vehicle treatment and an extract treatment, respectively, onto the scopolamine effect was investigated. Scopolamine is frequently used in neurological examinations of cognitive effects, because it inhibits activities of temporal lobes structures, which are of importance for the spatial learning. In the Morrismaze model, the scopolamine application leads to a distinct reduction of spatial learning, which leads to an decreased finding of the island hidden beneath the water surface. It was tested if an oral treatment with opuntia extract can antagonize these scopolamine effects. The opuntia extract shows a distinct antagonization of the learning decrease caused by giving scopolamine (Fig. 4). Fig. 4: The laboratory animals were treated with the opuntia extract in two independent experiments over a period of 9 days according to Example 1 (500 mg/kg/day po). At the last three days, the animals were additionally subcutaneously treated with scopolamine, or were subcutaneously treated with the physiological saline solution used as carrier solution and were tested in the Morris Maze model for their learning performance. Shown is the frequency of finding the platform in percentage at day 9 of the experiment. 17 The animals treated with scopolamine find the platform hidden beneath the water surface distinctively less frequently in comparison to the control. When the animals are additionally treated with opuntia extract, again, distinctively more animals find the platform. 18