AU2011205170B2

AU2011205170B2 - Touch event model

Info

Publication number: AU2011205170B2
Application number: AU2011205170A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Jason Clay Beaver; Andrew Platzer
Original assignee: Apple Inc
Current assignee: Apple Inc
Priority date: 2008-03-04
Filing date: 2011-08-05
Publication date: 2013-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2029-02-09
Also published as: AU2013242854A1; AU2020270466A1; AU2011205170A1; AU2020270466B2; AU2013242854B2

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods, software, devices and APIs for defining touch events for application level software. Furthermore, some embodiments are directed to simplifying the recognition of single and multiple touch 5 events for applications running in multi-touch enabled devices. To simplify the recognition of single and multiple touch events, each view within a particular window can be configured as either a multi-touch view or a single touch view. Furthermore, each view can be configured as either an exclusive or a non-exclusive view. Depending on the configuration of a view, touch events in that and other views can be either ignored or 10 recognized. Ignored touches need not be sent to the application. Selectively ignoring touches can allow for simpler software elements that do not take advantage of advanced multi touch features to be executed at the same device and time as more complex software elements.

Description

P/00101 1 Regulation 3.2 AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Invention Title: Touch event model The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to us: 101 12264_3.doc TOUCH EVENT MODEL Field of the Invention [00011 This relates to multi-point and multi-touch enabled devices in general, and more specifically to recognizing single and multiple point and touch events in multi-point and multi-touch enabled devices. Background of the Invention [00021 A multi-touch enabled device is a device that can sense multiple touches at the same time. Thus, a multi-touch enabled device can, for example, sense two touch events that take place simultaneously at two different positions on a multi-touch panel and are caused by two fingers being pressed down on the panel. Examples of multi-touch enabled devices are discussed in U.S. Pat. Application No. 11/649,998 (published by the United States Patent & Trademark Office as US 2008-0158172 Al), entitled "PROXIMITY AND MULTI-TOUCH SENSOR DETECTION AND DEMODULATION," filed on January 3, 2007, and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Multi-point enabled devices define a more general set of devices that include multi-touch enabled devices as well as similar devices such as the multi-proximity sensor devices discussed in U.S. Pat. Application No. 11/649,998 mentioned above. 100031 While the benefits of multi-touch enabled interfaces are known, these devices can present some interface design challenges. Existing interface design conventions have assumed a single pointing user input device that specifies a single location at a time. Examples include a mouse or a touch pad. [00041 More specifically, many existing graphical user interface (GUI) systems provide user interfaces in which various portions of a display are associated with separate software elements. Thus, for example, portions of a display can be associated with a 101 12264_3.doc window, and the window can be associated with a specific software application and/or process. A mouse can be used to interact with the window and the application or process associated with that window. The mouse cursor can then be moved to another window to interact with another application or process. Because only a single pointing device is used, interaction with only a single window and application or process can occur at a time. [0005] The assumption of a single interaction with a window at any one time can greatly simplify user interface design. The application and/or process running within a window can operate under the assumption that a detected interaction with that particular window is the only input being received. Thus, the application and/or process need not concern itself with the possibility of other user interactions occurring in other portions of the display outside that window. Furthermore, a window can be additionally partitioned into various elements, wherein each element is associated with a specific portion of the window. Each element can be implemented by a separate software element (e.g., a software object). Again, each software object can process interactions that occur in its associated area without concerning itself with interactions that may be simultaneously occurring elsewhere. [0006] On the other hand, if a multi-touch interface is being used, two or more touch events can simultaneously occur at different portions of the display. This can make it difficult to split the display into different portions and have different independent software elements process interactions associated with each portion. Furthermore, even if the display is split up into different portions, multiple touch events can occur in a single portion. Therefore, a single application, process or other software element may need to process multiple simultaneous touch events. However, if each application, process or other software element needs to consider multiple touch interactions, then the overall cost and complexity of software running at the multi-touch enabled device may be undesirably high. More specifically, each application may need to process large amounts of incoming touch data. This can require high complexity in applications of seemingly simple functionality, and can make programming for a multi-touch enabled device generally difficult and expensive. Also, existing software that assumes a single pointing device can -2- 2004395530_2 be very difficult to convert or port to a version that can operate on a multi-point or a multi-touch enabled device. 100071 Reference to any prior art in the specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that this prior art forms part of the 5 common general knowledge in Australia or any other jurisdiction or that this prior art could reasonably be expected to be ascertained, understood and regarded as relevant by a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention and the Disclosure 10007a] In one aspect of the invention there is provided a method for handling 10 touch events at a multi-touch device, comprising: displaying two or more views, wherein a first view of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements and a second view, distinct from the first view, of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements; associating a first exclusive touch flag with the first view; 15 receiving one or more touches at the first view; and while receiving the one or more touches at the first view: receiving one or more touches at the second view; and sending one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the one or more touches at the second view, to at least one of the one 20 or more software elements associated with the second view, wherein the one or more touch events are processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when a value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is not an exclusive view, and the one or more touch events are not processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the 25 second view when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is an exclusive view 3 2004395530_2 10007b] In another aspect of the invention there is provided a multi-touch device, comprising memory storing one or more programs, the one or more programs for execution at the multi-touch device, the one or more programs including instructions configured to cause the multi-touch device to: 5 display two or more views, wherein a first view of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements and a second view, distinct from the first view, of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements; associate a first exclusive touch flag with the first view; receive one or more touches at the first view; 10 while receiving the one or more touches at the first view, receive one or more touches at the second view; and send one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the one or more touches at the second view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view, wherein the one or more touch events are 15 processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when a value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is not an exclusive view, and the one or more touch events are not processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is an exclusive view. 20 [0007c] In another aspect of the invention there is provided a computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs for execution by a multi-touch device, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying two or more views, wherein a first view of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements and a second view, distinct from the first 25 view, of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements; associating a first exclusive touch flag with the first view; receiving one or more touches at the first view; and while receiving the one or more touches at the first view: receiving one or more touches at the second view; and 30 sending one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the one or more touches at the second view, to at least one of the one or more software -4- 2004395530_2 elements associated with the second view, wherein the one or more touch events are processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when a value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is not an exclusive view, and the one or more touch events are not processed by at least the 5 one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is an exclusive view. 100081 Also described herein is a method for recognizing point events at a multi point device. The method comprising displaying one or more views and executing one or more software elements, with each software element being associated with a particular 10 view. The method further comprises associating a multi-point flag or an exclusive point flag with each view, receiving one or more point inputs at the one or more views, and selectively sending one or more point events, with each point event describing a received point input, to one or more of the software elements associated with views at which a point input was received based on the values of the multi-point and exclusive point flags. 4a 10112264_3.doc 100091 In embodiments of the above method, the multi-point device is a multi touch device. [00101 Also described herein is a method for recognizing one or more touch events at a multi-touch device, comprising defining one or more views, assigning an exclusive touch or a multi-touch flag to each view, and accepting one or more touch events detected in each view in accordance with the exclusive touch or multi-touch flag for each view. [00111 Also described herein is a computer readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions configured for execution at a multi-point device. The instructions are configured to cause the multi-point device to display one or more views and execute one or more software elements, each software element being associated with a particular view. The instructions are also configured to cause the multi-point device to associate a multi-point flag or an exclusive point flag with each view, receive one or more point inputs at the one or more views, and selectively send one or more point events, each point event describing a received point input, to one or more of the software elements associated with views at which a point input was received based on the values of the multi-point and exclusive point flags. [00121 In embodiments of the above computer readable medium, the multi-point device is a multi-touch device. [00131 Also described herein is a multi-touch enabled mobile telephone including a computer readable medium as described above and configured for execution at the mobile telephone. [00141 Also described herein is a multi-touch enabled digital media player including a computer readable medium as described above and configured for execution at the mobile digital media player. 100151 Also described herein is a computer readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions configured for execution at a multi-point device, the instructions being configured to cause the multi-point device to define one or more views, assign an -5- 10112264_3.doc exclusive point or a multi-point flag to each view; and accept one or more point events detected in each view in accordance with the exclusive point or multi-point flag for each view. [00161 Also described herein is a method for recognizing one or more point events at a multi- point device, comprising defining one or more views, assigning an exclusive point or a multi- point flag to each view, and accepting one or more point events detected in each view in accordance with the exclusive point or multi- point flag for each view. [00171 Also described herein is a computer readable medium comprising a touch data structure defining a state, at a particular time, of a single touch having been or being received at a multi-touch panel. The touch data structure comprises a phase field defining the phase of the touch at the particular time, a view field indicating the view in which the touch was or is being received, and a location field indicating the location where the touch is currently being received. [00181 Also described herein is a device comprising a multi touch panel and a computer readable medium comprising a touch data structure defining a state, at a particular time, of a single touch having been or being received at the multi-touch panel. The touch data structure comprises a phase field defining the phase of the touch at the particular time, a view field indicating the view in which the touch was or is being received, and a location field indicating the location where the touch is currently being received. 100191 Also described herein is a method for operating a multi touch enabled device comprising executing a software element representing a view, the software element displaying a visual representation of the view at a display, detecting a touch at a multi touch panel, and generating a data structure for defining a state of the touch at a particular time. The data structure comprises a phase field defining the phase of the touch at the particular time, a view field indicating the view in which the touch was or is being received, a location field indicating the location where the touch is currently being received. -6- 10112264_3.doc [00201 Also described herein is an environment with a device having a display and a multi touch panel and application software interacting with user interface software, a method for operating through an application programming interface (API), comprising detecting a touch at the multi touch panel and generating a data structure for defining a state of the touch at a particular time. The data structure comprises a phase field defining the phase of the touch at the particular time, a view field indicating the view in which the touch was or is being received, and a location field indicating the location where the touch is currently being received. The method further comprises sending the data structure to the application software by the user interface software. [0021] Embodiments described above are directed to methods, software, devices and APIs for defining touch events for application level software. Furthermore, some embodiments are directed to simplifying the recognition of single and multiple touch events for applications running in multi-touch enabled devices. To simplify the recognition of single and multiple touch events, each view within a particular window can be configured as either a multi-touch view or a single touch view. Furthermore, each view can be configured as either an exclusive or a non-exclusive view. Depending on the configuration of a view, touch events in that and other views can be either ignored or recognized. Ignored touches need not be sent to the application. Selectively ignoring touches can allow for simpler applications or software elements that do not take advantage of advanced multi touch features to be executed at the same device (and even at the same time) as more complex applications or software elements. 10022] Further embodiments and additional aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description. -7- 10112264_3.doc [0023] As used herein, except where the context requires otherwise, the term "comprise" and variations of the term, such as "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised", are not intended to exclude further additives, components, integers or steps. Brief Description of the Drawings [0024] Fig. 1 is a diagram of an input/output processing stack of an exemplary multi-touch capable device according to one embodiment of this invention. [0025] Figs. 2A is a diagram of an exemplary multi-touch enabled device according to one embodiment of this invention. 10026] Figs. 2B is a diagram of another exemplary multi-touch enabled device according to one embodiment of this invention. [0027] Fig. 3 is a diagram of an exemplary multi-touch display according to one embodiment of this invention. [00281 Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing an exemplary method of operation of the multi-touch flag according to one embodiment of this invention. [0029] Figs. 5A and 5B are flowcharts showing an exemplary method of operation of the exclusive touch flag according to one embodiment of this invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment 10030] In the following description of preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which it is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be -8- 10112264_3.doc understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. [00311 This relates to a touch event model that simplifies the recognition of single and multiple touch events for user interface applications running in multi-point and multi touch enabled devices. To simplify the recognition of single and multiple touch events, each view within a particular window can be configured as either a multi-touch view or a single touch view. Furthermore, each view can be configured as either an exclusive or a non-exclusive view. Depending on the configuration of a view, touch events in that and other views can be either ignored or recognized. 100321 Although embodiments of the present invention may be described and illustrated herein in terms of specific multi-touch capable devices, it should be understood that embodiments of the present invention are not limited to such devices, but is generally applicable to any multi-touch capable device. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention are not limited to multi-touch devices but also include multi-point devices, such as multi proximity sensor devices as discussed in U.S. Application No. 11/649,998, mentioned above. [00331 Some embodiments are related to APIs. In general, an API is a source code interface that a computer system provides in order to support requests for services from a software operation. An API is specified in terms of a program language that can be interpreted or compiled when a system is built, rather than an explicit low level description of how data is laid out in memory. The software that provides the functionality of an API is said to be an implementation of the API. Various devices such as computer systems, electronic devices, portable devices and handheld devices have software applications. The device interfaces between the software applications and user interface software to provide a user of the device with certain features and operations. [0034] At least some embodiments of the invention can include one or more APIs in an environment with user interface software interacting with a software application. Various function calls or messages are transferred via the APIs between the user interface software and the software applications. Transferring the function calls or messages may -9- 101 12264_3.doc include issuing, initiating, invoking or receiving the function calls or messages. Example APIs can include sending touch event information. An API may also implement functions having parameters, variables or pointers. An API may receive parameters as disclosed or other combinations of parameters. In addition to the APIs disclosed, other APIs individually or in combination can perform similar functionality as the disclosed APIs. [00351 FIG. I is a diagram of an input/output processing stack of an exemplary multi-touch capable device according to some embodiments of the invention. Hardware 100 can be provided at the base level of a multi-touch enabled device. It can include various hardware interface components, such as a multi-touch enabled panel 10 1 and/or an accelerometer 102. The multi-touch panel can include a display and a panel that senses multiple touches simultaneously. An example of such a panel is discussed in more detail in the 11/649,998 application mentioned above. The accelerometer can be a hardware device that senses acceleration of the multi-touch enabled device. It can be used to sense when the device is being moved, how it is being moved, if it is dropped, etc. Other hardware interface devices, such as gyroscopes, speakers, buttons, infrared (IR) sensors, etc. (not shown) can also be included. [00361 A driver or a set of drivers 103 can communicate with the hardware 100. The drivers can receive and process input data from received from the hardware. A core Operating System (OS) 104 can communicate with the driver(s). The core OS can process raw input data received from the driver(s). In some embodiments, the drivers can be considered to be a part of the core OS. [00371 A set of OS application programming interfaces (APIs) 105 can communicate with the core OS. These APIs can be a set of APIs that are usually included with operating systems (such as, for example, Linux or UNIX APIs). User Interface APIs 106 (UI APIs) can include a set of APIs designed for use by applications running on the device. The UI APIs can utilize the OS APIs. Applications 107 running on the device can utilize the APIs of the UI APIs in order to communicate with the user. The UI APIs can, in turn, communicate with lower level elements, ultimately communicating with the multi-touch panel 101 and various other user interface hardware. While each layer can -10- 101 12264_3.doc utilize the layer underneath it, that is not always required. For example, in some embodiments, applications 107 can occasionally communicate with OS APIs 105. APIs 105 and 106 can comprise respective sets of application programming interfaces as well as their respective implementations. For example UI APIs 106 can also include user interface (UI) software for implementing the UI APIs. [00381 Figs. 2A and 2B are diagrams of two types of exemplary multi-touch enabled devices according to some embodiments of the invention. Fig. 2A shows exemplary device 200. Device 200 can include a CPU 201 and a memory 202 connected through a bus 204. The bus can also connect to a multi-touch display 203. The multi touch display can include a multi-touch panel and a display. The multi-touch panel and the display can be combined to form the multi-touch display 203. The multi-touch display can correspond to the multi-touch panel 101 within hardware layer 100 of Fig. 1. The CPU can be used to execute software stored in the memory. The software executed by the CPU can include layers 103-109 of Fig. 1. Thus, the software can include drivers, an OS, various APIs and applications. [00391 Fig. 2B shows alternative device 210. Device 210 can be similar to device 200. However, device 210 can include a separate multi-touch panel (212) and display (211) instead of the single unit of device 200. Thus, for device 210 one need not touch the display in order to interact with the multi-touch panel. Device 210 can be, for example, a multi-touch track-pad equipped laptop computer (the multi-touch panel serving as a track pad). [00401 The multi touch panel and/or display of Figs. 2A and 2B can also utilize other sensory technology, such as proximity sensing, as discussed in U.S. App. No. 11/649,998, mentioned above. Generally, a multi-point panel and/or display can be used for the devices of Figs 2A and 2B. The multi-point panel and/or display can feature various types of sensor technology. For example, it can feature multi-touch technology only (thus resulting in a multi-touch panel and/or display), multi-proximity sense technology, a combination of the two, or another type of multi-point technology. -11- 10112264_3.doc 100411 The devices of Figs 2A and 2B can include various different types of multi-touch enabled devices. For example, they can include a mobile telephone, a portable video game console, an electronic music player, an e-book, a PDA, an electronic organizer, an e-mail device, a laptop or other personal computer, a kiosk computer, a vending machine, etc. [00421 Fig. 3 is a diagram of an exemplary multi-touch display 300. The multi touch display can be display 203 of Fig. 2A or display 211 of Fig. 2B. The display can display various user interface elements (such as graphics, etc.) generated by software running in the device incorporating the display (e.g., device 200 of Fig. 2A or device 210 of Fig. 2B). The user can interact with the various user interface elements in order to interact with the software. When using the device of Fig. 2A, the user can interact with the user interface elements by touching them directly on the display. When using the device of Fig. 2B, the user can touch the separate multi-touch panel 212 in order to move and control one or more cursors on the display 211, the cursors being used to interact with the software. 100431 The user interface elements rendered at the display 300 can include one or more views. Each view can represent a graphical user interface element handled by a separate software element. The separate software elements can include different applications, different processes or threads (even if within the same application), different routines or subroutines, different objects, etc. In some embodiments, each separate software element can create user interface elements for its respective portion of the display as well as receive and handle touch inputs for that portion of the display. The touch inputs can be processed by the various layers discussed in connection with Fig. 1, which can subsequently send processed touch input data to the software element (which can be part of applications 109). The processed touch input data can be referred to as touch event(s) and can be in a format that is easier to handle than raw touch data generated by the multi-touch panel. For example, each touch event can include a set of coordinates at which a touch is currently occurring. In some embodiments, the set of coordinates may correspond to the centroid of a touch. For the sake of brevity and -12- 101 12264_3doc simplicity, the discussion below may refer to a software element associated with a view by simply referring to the view itself. 100441 Views can be nested. In other words, a view can include other views. Consequently, the software element associated with a first view can include or be linked to one or more software elements associated with views within the first view. While some views can be associated with applications, others can be associated with high level OS elements, such as graphical user interfaces, window managers, etc. 10045] The exemplary display of Fig. 3 shows a music browsing application. The display can include a status bar view 301 that indicates the overall status of the device. The status bar view can be part of the OS. Title view 302 can also be included. The title view can itself include several other views, such as centre title view 310, back button 312 and forward button 311. Table view 303 can also be included. Table view 303 can include one or more table element views, such as table element view 304. As seen, in one embodiment, the table element views can be song titles. A button bar view 305 can also be included. The button bar view can include buttons 306-309. [00461 Each view and its associated software element may be able to receive, process and handle touch events that occur at that particular view. Thus, for example, if a user touches song title view 304, the software element associated with that view can receive a touch event indicating that the view has been touched, process it and respond accordingly. For example, the software element can change the graphical representation of the view (i.e., highlighting the view), and/or cause other actions such as playing a song associated with the touched view. [0047] In some embodiments, touch events are processed at the lowest level of the view hierarchy. Thus, for example, if a user touches title bar view 302, the touch event need not be directly processed by the software element associated with the title bar view, but instead can be processed by a software element associated with a view included within the title bar view where the touch occurred (i.e., a software element associated with one of views 310, 311 and 312). In some embodiments, some higher level views can also handle touch events. In addition, various software elements that are not associated -13- 10112264_3.doc with a view being touched can nevertheless be alerted or can discover that the view is being touched. [00481 Since display 300 is a multi-touch display, multiple touches can occur at the same time. The multiple touches can occur in the same view, or in two or more different views. Furthermore, the user can perform gestures (e.g., by pressing down one or more fingers and moving them) that can have predefined meanings. Multi-touch gestures are discussed in more detail in U.S. Pat. Application No. 10/903,964 (published by the United States Patent & Trademark Office as US 2006-0026521 Al), entitled "GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES," filed on July 30, 2004, and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. [0049] A view can receive touch events that start within the view. If a user keeps a finger pressed against the display, then the view can receive multiple touch events indicating a continuous touch. If a user moves a pressed finger, the view can receive multiple touch events indicating movement of the touch. If a user moves a pressed finger outside of the view, then the view can still receive touch events associated with that movement (and the views to which the finger has been moved need not receive such touch events). Thus, a view can receive events associated with a gesture or a movement that begins at the view, even if it continues outside of the view. [00501 A touch can refer to an act which begins with pressing a finger or another body part or object to the surface of a multi touch panel (or multi touch display) and ends when the finger or object is removed from the display. Thus, the touch can include moving of the finger or object, or keeping the finger or object at the same place for a period of time. 100511 Touch events can be sent to views (or the software elements that implement the views) by one or more APIs (and their respective implementations). An example of an API for handling touch events is provided in Appendix A below. According to the API of Appendix A, the API can send each view a touch event data structure that includes one or more single touch data structures (or touch data structures). Each touch event data structure can define the current state of all touches taking place at -14- 10112264_3.doc the view at a particular moment in time. The respective touch data structures within a touch event data structure can define the current states of one or more respective single touches at the particular moment in time. Thus, if there are three touches taking place at a particular moment in time in a particular view, a touch event data structure comprising three touch data structures defining the states of the five touches can be sent to the view. In some embodiments, touch data structures can be sent even if their associated touches are no longer taking place in order to alert the view that the touches have terminated. [00521 As noted above, a touch may include an act that need not be instantaneous. E.g., a touch can include an act of moving or holding a finger against a display for a period of time. A touch data structure, however, defines a state of a touch at a particular time. Therefore, multiple touch data structures may be associated with a single touch, thus defining the single touch at different points in time. [00531 Each touch data structure can comprise various fields. A "first touch for view" field can indicate whether the touch data structure defines the first touch for the particular view (since the software element implementing the view was instantiated). A "time stamp" field can indicate the particular time that the touch data structure relates to. [00541 An "info" field can be used to indicate if a touch is a rudimentary gesture. For example, the "info" field can indicate whether the touch is a swipe and, if so, in which direction the swipe is oriented. A swipe is a quick drag of one or more fingers in a straight direction. The API implementations can determine if a touch is a swipe and pass that information to the application through the "info" field, thus alleviating the application of some data processing that would have been necessary if the touch were a swipe. [00551 A "tap count" field can indicate how many taps have been sequentially performed at the position of the touch. A tap can be defined as a quick pressing and lifting of a finger against a panel at a particular position. Multiple sequential taps can occur if the finger is again pressed and released in quick succession at the same position of the panel. Thus, the API implementation can count taps for various application and relay this information through the tap "count field." Multiple taps at the same location are -15- 10112264_3.doc sometimes considered to be a very useful and easy to remember command for touch enabled interfaces. Thus, by counting taps, the API can again alleviate some data processing from the application. [00561 A "phase" field can indicate a particular phase the touch is currently in. The phase field can have various values, such as "touch phase began" which can indicate that the touch data structure defines a new touch that has not been referenced by previous touch data structures. A "touch phase moved" value can indicate that the touch being defined has moved from a position defined in a previous touch data structure. A "touch phase stationary" value can indicate that the touch has stayed in the same position since the last touch data structure for that touch was generated. A "touch phase ended" value can indicate that the touch has ended (e.g., the user has lifted his/her finger from the surface of a multi touch display). A "touch phase cancelled" value can indicate that the touch has been cancelled by the device. A cancelled touch can be a touch that is not necessarily ended by a user, but which the device can determine to ignore. For example, the device can determine that the touch is being generated inadvertently (i.e., as a result of placing a portable multi touch enabled device in one's pocket) and ignore the touch for that reason. Each value of the "phase field" can be a integer number. [0057] Thus, each touch data structure can define what is happening with a touch at a particular time (e.g., whether the touch is stationary, being moved, etc.) as well as other information associated with the touch (such as position). Accordingly, each touch data structure can define the state of a particular touch at a particular moment in time. One or more touch data structures referencing the same time can be added in a touch event data structure that can define the states of all touches a particular view is receiving at a moment in time (as noted above, some touch data structures may also reference touches that have ended and are no longer being received). Multiple touch event data structures can be sent to the software implementing a view as time passes, in order to provide the software with continuous information describing the touches that are happening at the view. One or more elements of the device such as, for example, hardware 100, drivers 103, core OS 104, OS APIs 105 and UI APIs can detect touches at -16- 10 1 12264_3.doc the multi touch panel 101 and generate the various touch event data structures defining these touches. 100581 The ability to handle multiple touches and multi-touch gestures can add complexity to the various software elements. In some cases, such additional complexity can be necessary to implement advanced and desirable interface features. For example, a game may require the ability to handle multiple simultaneous touches that occur in different views, as games often require the pressing of multiple buttons at the same time. However, some simpler applications and/or views (and their associated software elements) need not require advanced interface features. For example, a simple button (such as button 306) can be satisfactorily operable with single touches and need not require multi-touch functionality. In these cases, the underlying OS may send unnecessary or excessive touch data (e.g., multi-touch data) to a software element associated with a view that is intended to be operable by single touches only (e.g., a button). Because the software element may need to process this data, it may need to feature all the complexity of a software element that handles multiple touches, even though it is associated with a view for which only single touches are relevant. This can increase the cost of development of software for the device, because software elements that have been traditionally very easy to program in a mouse interface environment (i.e., various buttons, etc.) may be much more complex in a multi-touch environment. 10059] Embodiments of the present invention address the above discussed issues by selectively providing touch data to various software elements in accordance with predefined settings. Thus, a simpler interface can be provided for selected software elements, while others can take advantage of more complex multi-touch input. [00601 Embodiments of the invention can rely on one or more flags associated with one or more views, wherein each flag or combination thereof indicates a mode of touch event processing for a particular view. For example, multi-touch and/or exclusive touch flags can be used. The multi-touch flag can indicate whether a particular view is capable of receiving multiple simultaneous touches or not. The exclusive touch flag can -17- 10112264_3.doc indicate whether a particular view is to allow other views to receive touch events while the view is receiving a touch event. [00611 Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the multi-touch flag according to one embodiment of the invention. At step 400, a user can touch a view at a first location within the view. It can be assumed that no other touches are present on the multi-touch display when the touch of step 400 is received. At step 402, the OS can send a touch event defining the received touch to a software element associated with the touched location. [0062] At step 404, the user can touch the view at a second location while not releasing the first touch (i.e., while keeping a finger pressed down at the first location). Thus, for example, the user can touch the right portion of table element view 304 at step 400 and touch the left portion of table element view 304 at step 404 without releasing his/her finger from the right portion. Therefore, the second touch is contemporaneous with the first touch (thus taking advantage of the multi-touch capabilities of display 300). [00631 At step 406, the OS can determine whether the multi-touch flag for the view being touched is set. If the multi-touch flag is set, then the view can be a view that can handle multiple contemporaneous touches. Therefore, at step 408, a second touch event for the second touch can be sent to the software element associated with the view. It should be noted that new instances of the first touch event can also be sent, indicating that the first touch event is still taking place (i.e., the finger at the first location has not been lifted). The new instances of the first touch event can specify different locations if the finger at the first location is moved away from that location without being lifted (i.e., if it is being "dragged" on the surface of the display). [00641 If, on the other hand, the multi-touch flag is not set, the OS can ignore or block the second touch. Ignoring the second touch can result in not sending any touch events associated with the second touch to the software element associated with the touched view. In some embodiments, the OS can alert other software elements of the second touch, if necessary. -18- 101 12264_3.doc [00651 Thus, embodiments of the present invention can allow relatively simple software elements that are programmed to handle only a single touch at a time to keep their multi-touch flag unasserted, and thus ensure that touch events that are part of multiple contemporaneous touches will not be sent to them. Meanwhile, more complex software elements that can handle multiple contemporaneous touches can assert their multi-touch flag and receive touch events for all touches that occur at their associated views. Consequently, development costs for the simple software elements can be reduced while providing advanced multi-touch functionality for more complex elements. 100661 Figs. 5A and 5B are a flow chart showing an exemplary method of operation of the exclusive touch flag according to one embodiment of the invention. At step 500, a user can touch a first view. At step 502, the OS can send a touch event to a first software element associated with the first view. At step 504, the user can touch a second view without releasing the first touch. [00671 At step 506, the OS can check whether the exclusive touch flag for the first view is asserted. If it is set (asserted), that means that the first view needs to receive touches exclusively, and no other touches are to be sent to other views. Thus, if the exclusive touch flag is set, the OS can ignore (or block) the second touch and not send it to any software elements. If the exclusive view flag is not set, then the process can continue to step 510 of Fig. 5B. [00681 In step 510, the OS can determine if the exclusive view flag for the second view is set. If that flag is set, than the second view can only receive exclusive touch events. Thus, if there is another touch event already being received by another view (i.e., the first view), the second view cannot receive a touch event, and the OS can ignore the second touch (step 512). However, if the exclusive touch flag for the second touch is not set (unasserted), the OS can send a touch event associated with the second touch to the second view. More specifically, the OS can send a touch event associated with the second touch to a software element associated with the second view (step 514). [00691 Thus, the exclusive touch flag can ensure that views flagged as exclusive only receive touch events when they are the only views on the display receiving touch -19- 10112264_3.doc events. The exclusive flag can be very useful in simplifying the software of applications running on a multi-touch enabled device. In certain situations, allowing multiple views to receive touches simultaneously can result in complex conflicts and errors. For example, if a button to delete a song and a button to play a song are simultaneously pressed, this may cause an error. Avoiding such conflicts may require complex and costly software. However, embodiments of the present invention can reduce the need for such software by providing an exclusive touch flag which can ensure that a view that has that flag set will receive touch events only when it is the only view that is receiving a touch event. Alternatively, one or more views can have their exclusive touch flags unasserted, thus allowing multiple simultaneous touches at two or more of these views. [00701 In some embodiments the exclusive flag can signify exclusivity for the entire display. Thus, when a view with the exclusive flag set is receiving a touch event, all other views in the display can be blocked from receiving any touch events. In alternative embodiments, the exclusive flag can signify exclusivity in a smaller area such as a single application, or a single window. For example, a first view with its exclusivity flag set can block other views that are in the same window from receiving any touch events while the first view is receiving a touch event, but not block views in other windows. [00711 The exclusive touch and multi-touch flags can be combined. Accordingly, one or more views being displayed can each include two flags - a multi-touch flag and an exclusive touch flag. In some embodiments, all displayed views can include these two flags. The value of one flag need not depend on the value of another. In one example, a view with both exclusive and multi-touch flags set can allow multiple touches within the view but may only receive touches exclusively (i.e., when the view is receiving touches, touches to other views can be blocked). A view with both flags unasserted can block multiple touches within the view but allow single touches within the view even if touches are simultaneously taking place in other views. A view with the multi-touch flag unasserted and the exclusive touch flag asserted can allow only single touches within the view when no other touches are taking place in any other views. A view with the multi touch flag asserted and the exclusive touch flag unasserted can allow all touches received -20- 10112264_3.doc for the view. A view with both flags asserted can allow multiple touches in the view while no other touches are taking place for other views. [0072] Alternative embodiments can feature only one of the flags (and the associated functionality). Thus, some embodiments can use the multi-touch flag only or exclusive touch flag only. In some embodiments, different views can use different combinations of the flags. [00731 The various functionalities performed by the OS in Figs 4, 5A and 5B can instead be performed by other software, such as various utility software. These functionalities can be performed by software at any one layer of layers 103 through 108 of Fig. 1. In an alternative embodiment, these functionalities can even be performed by hardware 100. [0074] Provided below is an exemplary set of code showing the methods of an exemplary software element associated with a view according to some embodiments of the invention. A person of skill in the art would recognize that other code may also be used to implement the functionalities discussed above. 100751 While the above discussion centres on multi-touch displays and panels, the present invention is not limited to multi-touch device but may include various multi-point devices as discussed above (including, for example, multi-proximity sensor devices). For multi-point devices, multi-point and an exclusive point flags can be used. These flags can operate in a similar manner to the multi-touch and exclusive touch flags discussed above. [00761 Although the present invention has been fully described in connection with embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. -21- 10112264_3.doc APPENDIX A EXEMPLARY UI API CODE @interface UIResponder - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; - (void)touchesCanceled; // This method can be implemented instead of the individual touchBegan:/touchMoved:/touchEnded: // methods if the view author wishes to handle all associated touches simultaneously. - (void)touchesChangedWithEvent:(UIEvent *)event; @end typedef enum { UITouchPhaseBegan, // whenever a finger touches the surface. UITouchPhaseMoved, // whenever a finger moves on the surface. UITouchPhaseStationary, // whenever a finger is touching the surface but hasn't moved since the previous event. UITouchPhaseEnded, // whenever a finger leaves the surface. UlTouchPhaseCanceled, // whenever a touch doesn't end but we need to stop tracking (e.g. putting device to face) } UITouchPhase; enum { UITouchSwipedUp = 1 << 0, // more than one of the swipe flags can be set if it's swiped at an angle. UlTouchSwipedDown = 1 << 1, // these swipe directions are relative to the UI orientation (see UIApplication) UITouchSwipedLeft = 1 << 2, UITouchSwipedRight = 1 << 3, }; typedef unsigned int UITouchInfo; @interface UITouch : NSObject { BOOL firstTouchForView; NSTimeInterval _timestamp; UITouchPhase _phase; UITouchInfo -info; NSUInteger tapCount; UIWindow *_window; UIView *_view; -22- 10112264_3.doc CGPoint _locationInView; CGPoint _previousLocationInView; - (NSTimeInterval)timestamp; - (UITouchPhase)touchPhase; - (UITouchlnfo)touchInfa; - (NSUInteger)tapCount; // touch down within a certain point within a certain amount of time - (UIWindow *)window; - (UlView *)view; - (CGPoint)locationInView; - (CGPoint)previousLocationInView; @end @interface UIEvent : NSObject CFTypeRef _event; NSTimeInterval _timestamp; NSMutableSet *_touches; CFMutableDictionaryRef _keyedTouches; - (NSTimeInterval)timestamp; - (NSSet *)allTouches; - (NSSet *)touchesForWindow:(UIWindow *)window; - (NSSet *)touchesForView:(UIView *)view; @end -23-

Claims

1. A method for handling touch events at a multi-touch device, comprising: displaying two or more views, wherein a first view of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements and a second view, distinct from the first 5 view, of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements; associating a first exclusive touch flag with the first view; receiving one or more touches at the first view; and while receiving the one or more touches at the first view: receiving one or more touches at the second view; and 10 sending one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the one or more touches at the second view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view, wherein the one or more touch events are processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when a value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates 15 that the first view is not an exclusive view, and the one or more touch events are not processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is an exclusive view.

2. The method of claim 1, including: 20 determining whether the first exclusive touch flag associated with the first view indicates that the first view is an exclusive touch view.

3. The method of claim 2, including: in accordance with a determination that the first view is not an exclusive touch view, sending, to at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with 25 the second view, at least one of the one or more touch events describing the one or more touches at the second view; and, in accordance with a determination that the first view is an exclusive touch view, preventing the one or more touch events describing the one or more touches at the second -24- 2004395530_2 view from being sent to the one or more software elements associated with the second view.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more touch events are ignored when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is an exclusive view.

5 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: associating a multi-touch flag with the first view; receiving two or more touches at the first view; and sending two or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the two or more touches at the first view, to at least one of the one or more software 10 elements associated with the first view, wherein the two or more touch events are processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view when a value of the multi-touch flag indicates that the first view is a multi touch view, and only one of the two or more touch events is processed by the one or more software elements associated with the first view when the value of the multi-touch flag 15 indicates that the first view is not a multi-touch view.

6. The method of claim 1, including: sending one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the one or more touches at the first view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view, wherein the one or more touch events are not 20 processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view when the one or more touches are received at the first view while one or more touches are being received at a respective view other than the first view and a value of an exclusive touch flag associated with the respective view indicates that the respective view is an exclusive view. 25

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the two or more views includes a third view that is not associated with an exclusive touch flag. -25- 2004395530_2

8. A multi-touch device, comprising memory storing one or more programs, the one or more programs for execution at the multi-touch device, the one or more programs including instructions configured to cause the multi-touch device to: display two or more views, wherein a first view of the two or more views is 5 associated with one or more software elements and a second view, distinct from the first view, of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements; associate a first exclusive touch flag with the first view; receive one or more touches at the first view; while receiving the one or more touches at the first view, 10 receive one or more touches at the second view; and send one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the one or more touches at the second view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view, wherein the one or more touch events are processed by at least the one of the one or more software 15 elements associated with the second view when a value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is not an exclusive view, and the one or more touch events are not processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is an exclusive view. 20

9. The multi-touch device of claim 8, wherein the one or more programs include instructions for: determining whether the first exclusive touch flag associated with the first view indicates that the first view is an exclusive touch view.

10. The multi-touch device of claim 9, wherein the one or more programs include 25 instructions for: in accordance with a determination that the first view is not an exclusive touch view, sending, to at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view, at least one of the one or more touch events describing the one or more touches at the second view; and, -26- 2004395530_2 in accordance with a determination that the first view is an exclusive touch view, preventing the one or more touch events describing the one or more touches at the second view from being sent to the one or more software elements associated with the second view. 5

11. The multi-touch device of claim 8, wherein the one or more touch events are ignored when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is an exclusive view.

12. The multi-touch device of claim 8, wherein the one or more programs include instructions for: 10 associating a multi-touch flag with the first view; receiving two or more touches at the first view; and sending two or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the two or more touches at the first view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view, wherein the two or more touch events are 15 processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view when a value of the multi-touch flag indicates that the first view is a multi touch view, and only one of the two or more touch events is processed by the one or more software elements associated with the first view when the value of the multi-touch flag indicates that the first view is not a multi-touch view. 20

13. The multi-touch device of claim 8, wherein the one or more programs include instructions for: sending one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the one or more touches at the first view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view, wherein the one or more touch events are not 25 processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view when the one or more touches are received at the first view while one or more touches are being received at a respective view other than the first view and a value of an exclusive touch flag associated with the respective view indicates that the respective view is an exclusive view. -27- 2004395530_2

14. The multi-touch device of claim 8, wherein the two or more views includes a third view that is not associated with an exclusive touch flag.

15. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs for execution by a multi-touch device, the one or more programs including instructions for: 5 displaying two or more views, wherein a first view of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements and a second view, distinct from the first view, of the two or more views is associated with one or more software elements; associating a first exclusive touch flag with the first view; receiving one or more touches at the first view; and 10 while receiving the one or more touches at the first view: receiving one or more touches at the second view; and sending one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch of the one or more touches at the second view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view, wherein the one or more 15 touch events are processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when a value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is not an exclusive view, and the one or more touch events are not processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the second view when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is 20 an exclusive view.

16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more programs include instructions for: determining whether the first exclusive touch flag associated with the first view indicates that the first view is an exclusive touch view. 25

17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the one or more programs include instructions for: in accordance with a determination that the first view is not an exclusive touch view, sending, to at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with -28- 2004395530_2 the second view, at least one of the one or more touch events describing the one or more touches at the second view; and, in accordance with a determination that the first view is an exclusive touch view, preventing the one or more touch events describing the one or more touches at the second 5 view from being sent to the one or more software elements associated with the second view.

18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more touch events are ignored when the value of the first exclusive touch flag indicates that the first view is an exclusive view. 10

19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for: associating a multi-touch flag with the first view; receiving two or more touches at the first view; and sending two or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch 15 of the two or more touches at the first view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view, wherein the two or more touch events are processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view when a value of the multi-touch flag indicates that the first view is a multi touch view, and only one of the two or more touch events is processed by the one or more 20 software elements associated with the first view when the value of the multi-touch flag indicates that the first view is not a multi-touch view.

20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more programs include instructions for: sending one or more touch events, each touch event describing a respective touch 25 of the one or more touches at the first view, to at least one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view, wherein the one or more touch events are not processed by at least the one of the one or more software elements associated with the first view when the one or more touches are received at the first view while one or more touches are being received at a respective view other than the first view and a value of an -29- 2004395530_2 exclusive touch flag associated with the respective view indicates that the respective view is an exclusive view.

21. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the two or more 5 views includes a third view that is not associated with an exclusive touch flag. -30-