Regulation 3.2 AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Invention Title: Gaming system for tracking player activity during virtual sessions at a gaming machine The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to us: WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 GAMING SYSTEM FOR TRACKING PLAYER ACTIVITY DURING VIRTUAL SESSIONS AT A GAMING MACHINE 5 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [001] The present invention relates to gaming systems, and more particularly relates to 10 tracking of a player's gaming activity during a virtual session at a gaming machine. [002] Player tracking is well known in the art in which gaming activity of the individual player is tracked at each gaming machine and communicated to 15 a central computer which calculates player points in the player's account. The central computer identifies the account to accumulate points and other statistics (bills inserted, coin-in, coin-out, etc.) based upon the player's identity which is typically 20 provided by the player inserting his or her player card into the gaming machine. [003] As understood, player points and statistics are not accrued for a game player who does not have his or her player card inserted into the 25 gaming machine. For example, a player may insert coins into the gaming machine prior to inserting his or her player card. Such pre-card coins would not be credited to the player. Also, the player may remove his or her player card from the machine prior to the 1 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 completion of the present game in play. Also, the player may remove his or her player card with credits remaining on the credit meter prior to cash-out. In such cases, player tracking points may not be 5 accounted correctly to the particular player. [004] Player tracking points programs allow a player to earn "comps" (complimentaries) as for example a hotel room upgrade, a free room, buffet, dinners, shows, etc. In some cases, points may be 10 converted to game credits for additional game play. [005] Without proper tracking, players lose points they might normally receive or gain more points than they might normally receive. In addition, casinos use player tracking information as 15 valuable marketing information. Such marketing information may be misleading or lost to the casino if players cannot be properly tracked. [006] Player tracking points refers to a numerical quantity which is obtained based on 20 participation in an activity at a gaming establishment. Such gaming activities including playing gaming machines, table games, betting on events, and other activities which may result in player tracking points. 25 [007] With respect to gaming machine activity for accumulating player tracking points, a 2 tracking session typically begins when the player inserts his or her card into the card reader of the particular gaming machine. Card insertion is automatically detected by the gaming machine and the player's identity becomes known. The player's account may be credited with points based on activity that occurred at the gaming machine while the player's card 5 remained inserted into the gaming machine. The end of the player tracking session occurs when the player card is removed from the card reader of the game. [008] Some prior devices continued to track gaming activity for a short period of time, typically 1-20 seconds, after player card removal. Also, as understood, a small delay 10 will occur after card-out if data is not sent until specific accounting meter data is received after the player card has been removed from the gaming machine. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 15 [009] In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a gaming system having a central authority associated with a database and interconnected to a plurality of gaming machines, comprising: establishing in the database a player account associated with at least one player; providing a player card to the one player, said player card being associated with the 20 player account; identifying a start of a first regular gaming session associated with the player account, wherein said start of the first regular gaming session occurs in response to an insertion of the player card into the one gaming machine; identifying an end of the first regular gaming session associated with the player 25 account, wherein said end of the first regular gaming session occurs in response to a removal of the player card from the one gaming machine; collecting first activity data from the one gaming machine, wherein said first activity data corresponds to player activity on the one gaming machine that occurred during the first regular gaming session; 3 5753570_1 (GHMatters) P88059.AU.2 STEVENS subsequent to the removal of the player card from the one gaming machine, identifying a start of a first virtual gaming session associated with the player account, wherein said start of the first virtual gaming session occurs in response to an indication that the removal of the player card occurred while a game was in progress on the one gaming 5 machine, while credits were available for play on the one gaming machine, or both; identifying an end of the first virtual gaming session associated with the player account, wherein said end of the first virtual gaming session occurs in response to either re insertion of the player card into the one gaming machine or all credits left over from the regular gaming session being spent; 10 collecting second activity data from the one gaming machine, wherein said second activity data corresponds to player activity on the one gaming machine that occurred during the first virtual gaming session; transmitting the first activity data and the second activity data to the central authority; and 15 storing in the player account of the database information based on the first activity data and the second activity data. Paragraphs [0010] and [0011] deleted 20 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0012] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a gaming system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 25 [0013] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a gaming machine of the system of Figure 1. [0014] Figure 3 is a table example of data reporting in the system of Figure 1. [0015] Figures 4A, 4B and 4C are example time charts demonstrating embodiments 30 of the gaming system of Figure 1. 4 5753570_1 (GHMatters) P88059.AU.2 STEVENS WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 [0016] Figure 5 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the gaming system of Figure 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 5 [0017] Referring to Figure 1, a gaming system 11 includes a plurality of gaming machines 13, 15 and 17 interconnected over a network 19 to a central authority 21. Where a large number of gaming machines are connected to central authority 21, 10 network 19 may include subnetworks using RS485 serial protocol and data collection units (not shown). Network 19 also may be configured as an Ethernet network employing TCP/IP protocol, or may comprise a digital subscriber line (DSL) network, a fiber optic 15 network, an RF network, etc. [0018) Data is transmitted over network 19 between the gaming machines and central authority 21 which is formed of one or more computers. Each gaming machine includes a smart communication 20 interface (SCI) 23 (Figure 2) for control of communications over network 19. Interface 23 may be a microprocessor-based device, as for example, the Sentinel interface manufactured by Aristocrat Technology Inc. of Las Vegas, Nevada, the assignee of 25 the present invention. Central authority 21 stores game output data (received from the gaming machines) 5 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 and may store game input data (to be sent to the gaming machines) in a central database 25. [0019] As will suggest itself, more than the three gaming machines 13, 15 and 17 may be connected 5 to network 19. Gaming machines 15 and 17 are slot electronic gaming machines and gaming machine 13 is a video poker electronic gaming machine. Other types of gaming equipment and gaming machines may be connected to network 19, including table games, which 10 may or may not include virtual session tracking, as described hereafter. [0020] Gaming machine 17 is shown in more detail and includes a housing 31 that supports a number of components including a main display 33 15 which is positioned on the outer front face of the machine for direct presentation of a display to the player. An input area 35 receives currency bills or bar-coded vouchers for wagering from the player. A card receiving slot 37 is positioned to receive a 20 player card for use to identify the particular player at the gaming machine, as described hereinafter. A secondary display 39 also may be included, for the display of supplemental non-game information to the player, typically, in the form of instructions, 25 points balances, or other information. As understood, all or part of supplemental display 39 6 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 may take the form of a display window located on primary display 33 or a secondary window on display 33. A keypad 41 is provided to allow the player to input data to the SCI of the gaming machine, 5 particularly in response to instructions or questions on supplemental display 39. In addition, a plurality of decision making buttons 43 (and optionally a handle, not shown) are used by the player to play the game of machine 17. A payout tray 45 provides an 10 area for redemption of awards based on play of the game, and a printer (not shown) may be used to print tickets or other redemption documents. [0021] Display 33 displays the primary game features for play of - a game. For example, the 15 display may generate a conventional slot game in which a plurality of symbols are moved within their respective column, as if rotated, at the appropriate time in response to the user activation of the gaming machine. 20 [0022] Referring now to Figure 2, gaming machine 17 includes a game control CPU 61 which is responsible for carrying out the main functions of the gaming machine. CPU 61 executes each game as the player interacts with the gaming machine, including 25 visually and/or audibly interacting with the player, as well as generating game outcomes. In addition, 7 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 CPU 61 processes network information by receiving from, and sending data to, smart communication interface (SCI) 23. CPU 61 includes a microprocessor and associated memory (not shown particularly). 5 Depending upon the type of gaming machine, CPU 61 may directly carry out some or all of the functions of the SCI 23. [0023] Gaming machine 17 includes a number of peripheral devices including, for example, a card 10 reader 63 and key pad 41. Card reader 63 and key pad 41 are used to identify the player at the gaming machine 17. The casino issues a player a player card 67 (Figure 1) through an application process. Player card 67 typically includes a magnetic stripe 68 that 15 is encoded with data to identify the player. In some cases, a personal identification number (PIN) is given to the player for security, and may allow access to certain features of the gaming machine. Card 67 is readable by a card reader 63 found in each 20 of the gaming machines 13, 15, 17. Other types of cards may be utilized including optical cards, smart cards, etc. [0024] In addition, a unique number is encoded onto a magnetic stripe 68 carried by the 25 card. This unique number corresponds to a player account file which is maintained by central authority 8 WO 2005/026906 PCTIUS2004/029353 21 in database 25. The account file may include information such as the player's name, address, amount of credit available, amount of promotional credits, amount of loyalty points, etc. 5 [00251 The player inserts his or her player card 67 into card receiving slot 37 (Figure 1) for reading by card reader 63 (Figure 2). SCI 23 detects the card insertion and receives the identification information contained on card 67. For example, the 10 player's name, address and player tracking account number may be encoded on the magnetic stripe. The information contained on card 67 may be a reference number to retrieve player data from database 25. [0026) SCI 23 provides display signals to 15 display 39 in order to, for example, display the player's name, or other messages. Select messages may be displayed, for example, requesting the player to optionally enter his or her personal identification number (PIN) using keypad 41. Where 20 the PIN is optionally entered by the player, SCI 23 communicates with the central authority in order that the PIN, for example, may be used to validate the player's identity. In other cases, the PIN may be required to access some features of the gaming 25 machine 17 or system 11. Either the central authority or the SCI performs validation. 9 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US20041029353 [0027] SCI 23 gains access to the player's account at the central authority. The player's account typically includes the number of player points (loyalty points) previously accumulated by the 5 player, as well as additional statistics. In order for the gaming activity at a particular machine to be credited to the player's player account, the player or his account must be identified at the gaming machine. This is typically accomplished by the 10 player inserting his or her player card. [0028] As will suggest itself, a PIN alone without a player card may be used to provide player identity to the gaming machine; and a card alone without a PIN may be used to provide player identity 15 to the gaming machine. Alternatively, any of several biometric devices may be used to identify the player, including devices to check finger prints, scan facial appearance, provide eye scans, etc. Such biometric input data may be used alone or in combination with 20 player cards or PINS. [0029] During game play, CPU 61 tracks gaming activity and provides such information to the SCI. Such information may include the amount of money the player has wagered on each game, the number of games 25 played, the time each game was initiated and the particular identification of the gaming machine, etc. 10 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 For example, a system may track money wagered, money won and the time period tracked. Such information may be obtained by the SCI polling the CPU. This game activity information is sent to the central 5 authority by the SCI. The central authority utilizes the game activity information to perform accounting functions and additionally generates player points which are added to the points in the player's account. Awards are provided by the casino in 10 accordance with points accumulated by the player. [0030] Any prestored data in the player's account may be downloaded to SCI 23 which in turn provides corresponding signal data to CPU 61. Where gaming machine 17 allows for player selection of the 15 particular game played, players may prestore their game preference in central database 25 (Figure 1) . Such preference data may be downloaded to gaming machine 17 after player identification at the gaming machine. 20 [0031] As understood, the communication between SCI 23, central authority 21 and CPU 61 may take on different forms and protocols, as for example, serial, parallel, ethernet, etc. In one embodiment, the SCI may be connected to the CPU 61 25 through a serial connection and communicates in accordance with a particular communication protocol 11 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 or protocols depending upon the manufacturer of the particular gaming machine. [0032] After a particular player has been identified as a valid player, other messages are 5 presented on display 39. For example, the balance amount of points or credit remaining in the player's account may appear on the display. The player may use key pad 41 to download credits to the gaming machine, as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,511,377 10 incorporated herein by reference. [0033] Card reader 63 is housed in gaming machine 17, and positioned relative to card slot 37 to receive player card 67. Card 67 is inserted into reader 63 and information read from card stripe 68 is 15 transferred to SCI 23 and stored in a memory 83 located in SCI 23. [0034] A bill validator 65 is housed in gaming machine 17, and positioned relative to wager area 35 to receive currency bills which are inserted 20 into validator 65 by a player. Bill validator 65, may receive several bill denominations, detects the denomination of an inserted bill and generates a signal 69 to CPU 61. Bill validator 65 may also receive encoded vouchers or tickets and responsively 25 generate a proper signal 69 relating to ticket insertion. 12 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 [0035] CPU 61, for example, responds to signal 69 by increasing the value on a game credit meter 71. Depending on the type of gaming machine, the value of credit meter 71 may be displayed on 5 display 33. Credit meter 71 provides a visual indication to the player of the number of game. credits available for play. As understood, signal 69 may be sent to SCI 23, which in turn communicates with CPU 61 so as to change credit meter 71. This 10 occurs where the bill validator is retrofitted into a gaming machine which was originally manufactured without a bill validator or had limited validation capabilities. CPU 61 will increase the credit meter after a ticket signal is received and value is 15 determined. [0036] A coin validator 73 is housed in gaming machine 11, and positioned relative to a coin slot 36 (Figure 1) to receive coins which are inserted by a player into coin validator 73. Coin 20 slot 36 may be positioned more to the left, as desired, and decision making buttons 43 may be modified in quantity or shape to accommodate the leftward position of coin slot 36. Coin validator 73 generates a coin signal 75 to CPU 61. CPU 61, for 25 example, responds by increasing the value of credit meter 71. 13 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 [0037] In accordance with the particular configuration of gaming machine 17, the gaming machine begins a game (for example, the reels spin) automatically after the credits appear on the credit 5 meter or the game is started after the player presses a button 43 or pulls a handle (not shown). [0038] The game ends and a particular result appears. The gaming machine pays out certain amounts depending upon the result in a conventional manner. 10 This may include applying an amount directly to the credit meter 71, or paying the amount in coins or tokens directly from the slot machine to the player at tray 45, or where the amount is above a threshold level, a hand pay is made of the amount to the 15 player. The player may cash-out credits by activating a cash-out button 43 or upload credits to the player's account in database 25. A ticket printer (not shown) may be used to dispense bar coded vouchers on cash-out, as well. 20 [0039] If a player desires to discontinue play or move to a different machine, the player removes the player card. Thereafter, the player card may be inserted into the same or a different gaming machine for continuing play. 25 [0040] The player's account may be formed of multiple accounts, for example, a CASH account, a 14 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 POINTS account, a PROMO account, etc. Credit may be placed in the player's PROMO account by the casino as a complimentary incentive. This may happen when a player first arrives at the casino at hotel check-in 5 or other event. Alternatively, credit may be applied to the player's CASH account in accordance with the player making a deposit of money, either coins or tokens directly into the slot machine or at a cashier. Such credits (or value) may be downloaded 10 to the gaming machine and placed on credit meter 71. [0041] The player's gaming activity is tracked by system 11 once the player account is established, the player has been issued a player tracking card bearing a unique identification number 15 and the account is in a file in database 25. The player's transactions at the gaming machine are logged by SCI 23 and reported to central authority 21. [0042) In some situations, multiple player 20 cards may be issued for a single account; each card will identify the same account. Each card may carry the same identification number. For example, a husband and wife may share a single account. The first card inserted allows the player to retrieve any 25 or all of the credit available in the player's account. The second card inserted allows the second 15 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 player to retrieve any remaining credit that remains in the account. Where both cards are simultaneously used on separate gaming machines, all player transaction activity is collected and forwarded to 5 the player's account. [0043] Numerous types of reports can be generated based upon the transaction activity logged in the player's account. For example, the amount of money played by the customer, the amount of credit 10 used from the player's account, the amount of complimentary incentive credit utilized by the player, the amount of points converted to play credits at the game, the machine upon which the transaction occurred, the time of the play, or other 15 event, etc. Information Accounting By CPU 61 [0044] Referring again to Figure 2, CPU 61 keeps a plurality of accounting meters 81 which log transaction and machine data. Such meters may be 20 formed of electronic memory managed by CPU 61 and/or hard meters. CPU 61 responds to various gaming machine events and updates meters 81 accordingly. Meters 81 may be non-reset, accumulative meters; however, some meters 81 may be reset meters and 25 statistics are available since the last reset of the 16 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 meters. Basic events in which CPU 61 adjusts meters 81 may include: (1) money input by the player; (2) wagers placed by the player; 5 (3) game wins from play of the game; and (4) cash out of credits by the player. [0045] Only the particular meters 81 to which an event pertains are adjusted upon the occurrence of the event. Data identifying the occurrence of events 10 may be recorded also, including the time of the event and the particular type of event. [0046] For example, meters 81 may include various drop meters to track money flow. A drop meter may be provided for each of the different forms 15 of monetary value accepted by the gaming machine. For example, a coin drop meter may represent the total value of coins that fall to a "drop bucket" within the gaming machine housing for later collection by the casino. Also, coins may instead be 20 diverted to a hopper system for later payout to the player and such diverted coins may be metered separately. Also, a bill count drop meter may count all paper currency that has been inserted into the bill acceptor. As another example, promo count 25 meters count promotional credits that are received by the gaming machine from bar coded coupons, downloaded 17 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 credits, bonus point conversions, and the like. Outflow of cash to the player may also be tracked by meters, including printed vouchers that have been issued by the machine. 5 [0047] Meters 81 may also keep track of game activity and include a game play meter for tracking the total number of bets actually wagered and a game win meter for tracking the total number of wins. Purchased credits which are not wagered, but cashed 10 out, may be tracked as well. Credit meter 71 is a visual meter which reflects the total amount of credit available to the player at any time, and may be driven from another meter 81. SCI 23 Retrieves Data From CPU 61 15 [0048] CPU 61 communicates data to SCI 23 including events and readings of the accounting meters 81. For example, SCI 23 may poll CPU 61 for data, and then record such data in a memory 83. The data may be further processed by SCI 23, and then the 20 processed data is stored in memory 83. Particular data stored in memory 83 includes accounting data 85 as well as player data 87 which is used to award player points. [0049] SCI 23 performs game accounting 25 functions by updating accounting data 85 and player data 87. SCI 23 transmits data 85 and 87 to central 18 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 authority 21. In addition, accounting data 85 and player data 87 may be initialized by central authority 21. Type of Information Reported 5 [0050] As understood, tracking of data at the gaming machines occurs for carded and non-carded players. A non-carded player is a player who does not insert a player card during play. SCI 23 may retrieve data from CPU 61 including data stored by 10 CPU 61 in meters 81. SCI 23 may also keep its own data that it has obtained from sources other than CPU 61, as for example, data obtained from card reader 63. SCI 23 may process the data and convert it to a particular form prior to transmittal to central 15 authority 21. For example, data as to the number of coins played during a certain period of time may be calculated by SCI 23 based on coin-in meter data at the start of the period and coin-in meter data at the end of the period. Also, SCI 21 could transmit meter 20 data from the start of the period and the end of the period to the central authority 21. [0051] SCI 23 reports certain data to central authority 21 which is placed in database 25. However, SCI 23 reports particular data, i.e., player 25 data 87, which is related to the game activity of the player. Player data 87 is necessary for central 19 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 authority 21 to calculate player points and store these player points in a particular player account held in database 25. For example, central authority 21 may calculate a number of loyalty points based on 5 coin-in data of the player, and thereafter store points data in the player account. As understood, SCI .23 instead could perform points calculation, and thereafter transmit the points data for storage in the player account in database 25. 10 When Information is Reported [0052] SCI 23 may report a variety of accounting data to central authority 21 at various times. However, SCI 23 reports player data 87 which SCI 23 has accumulated in connection with the 15 occurrence of a regular gaming session and a virtual gaming session. If player data 87 exists at certain predetermined times, described hereafter, it is reported to central authority 21. [0053] Where a player has the ability to 20 convert points stored in his or her account to credits at the gaming machine, the timing of points creditation to the player account becomes important. [0054] In some cases, it may be desirable also to forward player data 87 at other predetermined 25 times, for example, every hour, where the player's 20 WO 2005/026906 PCTIUS2004/029353 regular gaming session occurs over a lengthy period of time. Regular Gaming Session [0055] Player data 87 is recorded for each 5 gaming session of a player, at a gaming machine. Each gaming session may be formed from one or more "regular" gaming sessions and one or more "virtual" gaming sessions. At the end of the player's regular or virtual gaming session, player data 87 may be 10 forwarded over network 19 to central authority 21 for storage in the player's account. [0056] A regular gaming session of an individual player is a period of time which begins with the insertion of the player's player card at a 15 single gaming machine (or gaming table or gaming area), and ends with the removal of the player's player card at that single gaming machine (or that gaming table or gaming area) . During a regular gaming session, player data 87 (or data upon which it 20 is based) is developed in meters 81 by CPU 61, for example, or stored in memory 83 by SCI 23. At the end of the regular gaming session, SCI 23 completes the storage of player data 87, if necessary, and transmits the player data to central authority 21 for 25 storage in the player's account. SCI 23 may cause 21 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 transmittal of player data 87 at the end of a regular gaming session. [0057] As shown in Figure 2, SCI 23 generates a primary indicator 89 which is active during a 5 regular gaming session and inactive at all other times. Indicator 89 provides an electrical indication of either an active state or an inactive state, and may merely be a flag set in memory 83 that may be inspected by the software program of SCI 23. 10 [0058] Upon insertion of a player card in card reader 63, and after a determination of the identity of the player or the validity of the player card, SCI 23 sets its primary indicator 89 to an active state. Upon removal of a player card from 15 card reader 63, SCI 23 is notified and SCI 23 sets primary indicator 89 to an inactive state. SCI 23 responds to the primary indicator, as described below, to process player data 87. Virtual Gaming Session 20 [0059] Player data 87 is also recorded for each virtual gaming session of a player. There may be several types of virtual gaming sessions. For example, a first type of virtual gaming session of an individual player is a period of time which begins 25 after completion of the regular gaming session of the individual player. A second type of virtual gaming 22 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 session may occur before player card insertion where the player has inserted value, coins for example, into the gaming machine. [0060] As shown in Figure 2, SCI 23 generates 5 a secondary indicator 91 which is active during a virtual gaming session. Indicator 91 provides an electrical indication of either an active state or an inactive state, and may merely be a flag set in memory 83 that may be inspected by the software 10 program of SCI 23. [0061] For example, upon (1) the removal of the player's player card and (2) if the credit meter is non-zero and/or the last game is not over, SCI 23 sets its secondary indicator 91 to an active state 15 indicating a virtual gaming session. The virtual gaming session of the individual player ends, for example, when (1) the credit meter is zero and (2) the last game is over. As another example, the virtual gaming session ends where the last player to 20 play the gaming machine reinserts his or her player card again into the gaming machine; the SCI 23 ends the virtual gaming session and begins a regular gaming session. The SCI responds to the secondary indicator, as described below, to process player data 25 87. 23 WO 2005/026906 PCTIUS2004/029353 [0062] As described below, a virtual gaming session may end upon an elapsed time from (1) the removal of the player card or (2) the removal of an employee card which was inserted during a virtual 5 gaming session. A virtual gaming session may end upon an elapsed time from other events, as for example, credit meter 71 reaching a zero balance or the last detected player activity. This elapsed time may be established by the casino configuring a 10 "virtual session timeout" parameter in the SCI via central authority 21. This timeout ends a virtual gaming session irrespective of whether credits remain on the credit meter or whether the last game at cardout has been completed. As will suggest itself, 15 multiple timeout parameters may be used in combination for ending virtual sessions. Employee Cards [0063] Employees of the casino have employee cards which are insertable into a gaming machine. 20 The employee card may include a magnetic stripe which is read upon insertion to alert SCI 23 that an employee is present at the gaming machine. Thereafter, particular functions of the gaming machine (or SCI 23) are made available to the 25 employee. An employee may have occasion to insert his or her employee card into the gaming machine 24 WO 2005/026906 PCTiUS2004/029353 during a virtual session at that gaming machine. For example, the player removes his or her player card while credits remain on the credit meter or while a game is in progress and then the employee inserts his 5 or her employee card. The normal employee functions will be available while the employee card is inserted. Meter changes that occur while an employee card is inserted will be attributed to the virtual session of the player. Ordinarily, a virtual session 10 will not end so long as the employee card is inserted into the gaming machine. An exception, however, is that one of the employee functions may be to allow the employee to force a virtual session to end. Also, the employee may force the credit meter 71 to 15 zero which in turn may end a virtual session or end a game in progress. (0064] When an employee card is inserted into reader 63, SCI 23 recognizes the card as an employee card. Normally, the insertion of an employee card 20 will not cause SCI 23 to reset secondary indicator 91 to its inactive state. If the employee functions permit the employee to force a virtual session to end, then that employee function resets secondary indicator 91 to its inactive state terminating the 25 virtual session and player data is sent to central authority 21. As will suggest itself, the secondary 25 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 indicator 91 may be maintained independently of primary indicator 89. In such a case, if the primary indicator 89 is active then a regular gaming session is in progress; otherwise, if the primary indicator 5 89 is inactive and the secondary indicator 91 is active then a virtual gaming session is in progress. Alternatively, a single indicator with three states could be used: no gaming session in progress, regular gaming session in progress, and virtual gaming 10 session in progress. Display During Virtual Session [0065] In order to alert the player that a virtual session is occurring, a message may be displayed. The message, for example, may state : 15 VIRTUAL SESSION IN PROGRESS. The SCI controls display 39 to start displaying the message at the beginning of the virtual session and to stop displaying the message at the end of the virtual session. The display software of SCI 23 may monitor 20 the state of secondary indicator 91 for determining the particular display information to send to display 39 (or to display 33, as discussed above). [0066] However, if an employee card is inserted during a virtual session, then normal 25 employee menus are displayed on display 39. Should a player card be inserted during a virtual session, the 26 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US20041029353 virtual session does not end immediately, but waits until the card has been read. If that card cannot be read then the normal message such as BAD CARD READ will be displayed on display 39 instead of VIRTUAL 5 SESSION IN PROGRESS. Where the card inserted during a virtual session is recognized to be that of a different player (different than the player associated with the virtual session) then a message such as DIFFERENT PLAYER may be displayed to alert 10 the new player, but the virtual session of the original player will remain in progress. [0067] Referring now to Figure 3, an example of activity at various times is represented by the illustrated table. At 6:00 a.m., a player inserts 15 his or her player card into a gaming machine. The SCI retrieves the player information from the card. The SCI also retrieves a number of meter readings from CPU 61, including for example, a reading of 600 on the coin-in meter, a reading of 600 on the coin 20 out meter and a reading of 0 on the credit meter. The SCI stores this information as account data 85 in memory 83. SCI 23 sets primary indicator 89 to its active state. [0068] At 6:10 a.m., the player removes his 25 or her player card from the gaming machine. SCI 23 retrieves the meter readings from CPU 61, for 27 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 example, a reading of 620 on the coin-in meter, a reading of 600 on the coin-out meter and a reading of 10 on the credit meter. The SCI stores this information as account data 85 in memory 83. SCI 23 5 resets primary indicator 89 to its inactive state. [0069] At 6:10 a.m., SCI 23 sends player data 87 for the regular gaming session to the central authority 21 (CA), including, for example, that the regular session started at 6:00 a.m.,- that 20 coins 10 were inserted into the gaming machine, that 0 coins were paid out to the player and the lapsed time of play was 10 minutes. This player data 87 was generated by SCI 23 based on data 85. As understood, other information may be sent to central authority 21 15 as well or instead. [0070] Because there remains 10 credits on the credit meter at the time of card-out, a virtual gaming session begins at card out, i.e., at 6:10 a.m. Secondary indicator 91 is set to its active state. 20 [0071] An employee card is inserted at 6:10 a.m. The SCI retrieves data from meters 81, showing that the meters remained the same upon employee card insertion. Because the card inserted was an employee card, secondary indicator 91 is not reset to its 25 inactive state. 28 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 [0072) At 6:12 a.m., the employee card is removed. The SCI retrieves data from meters 81, showing that the meters are at the same value as they were at the time of the employee card insertion. The 5 secondary indicator 91 remains in its active state. [0073] At 6:13 a.m., the same player again inserts his or her card. The SCI retrieves player identification information and recognizes that the same player has reinserted his or her player card. 10 The SCI uses the meter values that existed at the start of the virtual session at 6:10 a.m., so as to effectively combine any data occurring during the virtual session into the new regular gaming session; or, in other words, to effectively treat the regular 15 gaming session as though it had begun at the start of the virtual session. Thus, any player data occurring during the virtual session is not sent to the central authority at the time of card reinsertion, i.e., at 6:13 a.m. The SCI resets secondary indicator 91 to 20 its inactive state indicating that the virtual session is over and sets indicator 89 to its active state indicating that a regular gaming session is in progress. [0074] At 6:20 a.m., the player removes his 25 or her player card from the gaming machine. SCI 23 retrieves the meter readings, for example, a reading 29 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 of 650 on the coin-in meter, a reading of 625 on the coin-out meter and a reading of 0 on the credit meter. Primary indicator 89 is reset to its inactive state indicating that the regular gaming session is 5 completed. The secondary indicator remains reset because the credit meter equals zero and the last game has been completed. [0075] At 6:20 a.m., the SCI sends player activity data 87 for both the virtual and regular 10 gaming session to the central computer, including, for example, that the virtual/regular session started at 6:10 a.m., that 30 coins were inserted into the gaming machine, that 25 coins were paid out to the player and that the lapsed time of the 15 virtual/regular session was 10 minutes. The session ended without the start of a second virtual session because at card-out there were 0 credits on the credit meter and the last game was completed. Thus, the secondary indicator 91 remained in its inactive 20 state. If credits had remained on the credit meter, for example, a virtual session would have begun at card out. [0076] Referring to Figures 4A, 4B and 4C, various session examples are diagrammed. In Example 25 411, a regular gaming session 611 begins at time 613, the time that the player inserted his or her card. 30 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 The card physically remains inserted in the card reader of the gaming machine until removed at time 615. At time 615, SCI 23 transmits player data 87 to the central authority. The last game is over at time 5 615 and there are no credits on the credit meter at time 615. No virtual session occurs in example 411 since at time 615 the game was over and no credits remained on the credit meter. Primary indicator 89 was set to its active status at time 613 and reset to 10 its inactive state at time 615. [0077] In example 413, a regular gaming session 619 begins at time 621, the time that the player inserted his or her card. The card physically remains inserted in the card reader of the gaming 15 machine until removed at time 623. At time 623, SCI 23 may transmit player data 87 to the central authority. A virtual gaming session 625 begins at time 623 because either (1) credits remain on the credit meter or (2) the last game has not been 20 completed. At time 627, the same player reinserts his or her player card. SCI 23 recognizes that the same player has reinserted his or her card during the virtual session. The virtual session ends at time 627 and a regular session 629 begins at time 627. 25 The regular session ends at time 631 when the player removes the card; there are no credits on the credit 31 WO 2005/026906 PCTIUS2004/029353 meter and the game session is over. Player data 87 based on virtual session 625 and regular session 629 is transmitted to the central authority at time 631. [0078] Example 415 diagrams the event of an 5 employee card used during a virtual session. A regular gaming session 641 begins at time 643, the time that the player inserted his/her card. The card physically remains inserted in the card reader of the gaming machine until removed at time 645. At time 10 645, SCI 23 transmits player data 87 to the central authority. A virtual session 647 begins at time 645 since credits remain on the meter or the last game has not been completed. [0079] At time 649, during the virtual 15 session 647, an employee inserts his or her employee card. The card physically remains inserted in the card reader of the gaming machine until removed at time 651. The virtual gaming session 647 continues during the time that the employee card remains 20 inserted. The virtual session 647 continues until time 653 upon which the same player again inserts his or her player card into the gaming machine. SCI 23 recognizes that the same player has inserted his or her card during the virtual session and ends the 25 virtual session 647 at time 653. A regular gaming session 655 begins at time 653 and ends when the 32 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 player's card is removed at time 657. No virtual session begins at time 657, since the last game played is over and no credits remain on the credit meter. Player data 87 based on virtual session 647 5 and regular session 655 is transmitted to the central authority at time 657. (0080] In example 417, a regular gaming session 661 begins at time 663, the time that the player inserted his or her card. The card physically 10 remains inserted in the card reader of the gaming machine until removed at time 665. At time 665, SCI 23 transmits player data 87 to the central authority. A virtual session 667 begins at time 665 since either credits existed on the credit meter at time 665, or 15 the last game played had not been completed at time 665. At time 669, the virtual session ends since a point in time has been reached where the last game played is over and no credits remain on the machine. At time 669, SCI 23 sends player data 87 related to 20 virtual gaming session 667 to the central authority 21. As described above, time 669 could instead be the expiration of a time-out period, which causes the virtual gaming session to be cancelled, irrespective of whether the last game is over or whether any 25 credits remain on the credit meter. 33 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 [0081] In example 419, a virtual gaming session 671 begins at time 673, the time that the player inserts coins into the gaming machine. No player card is inserted into the card reader of the 5 gaming machine at time 673. A regular gaming session 675 begins at time 676, the time that the player inserts his or her card. The card physically remains inserted in the card reader of the gaming machine until removed at a later time. Player Data 87 10 regarding virtual session 671 is maintained in memory 83 and added to player data regarding regular session 675, for transmission to central authority 21 at a later time. [0082] In example 421, the player removes his 15 or her player card at time 681, thus ending the regular gaming session 683. At time 681, SCI 23 transmits player data 87 to the central authority. A virtual session 685 begins at time 681. An employee inserts his or her employee card during the virtual 20 session at time 687. The employee operates the gaming machine functions so as to terminate the virtual session at time 689. The employee card physically remains in the gaming machine after time 689 and is not removed until time 688. At the 25 termination of virtual session 685, at time 689, SCI 23 transmits player data 87 for virtual session 685 34 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 to the central authority for storage in the player's account. Alternatively, SCI 23 may transmit player data 87 for virtual session 685 at time 688. 10083] In example 423, a virtual session is 5 ongoing and is terminated at time 691 due to a stimulus other than an employee carded function. For example, the virtual session 693 is terminated upon a time-out period previously specified by the casino. 0 The termination may be caused by instructions from 10 central authority 21 to SCI 23. At time 691, SCI 23 transmits player activity data 87 for virtual session 693 to the central authority for storage in the player's account. [0084] In Example 425, virtual session 701 is 15 already in progress for a first player. At time 703, a card for a second player is inserted. Supplemental display 39 indicates that a virtual session for another player is still in progress or indicates that the card insertion was not processed. At time 705, 20 the card for the second player is removed. Supplemental display 39 indicates that a virtual session is still in progress. Virtual session 701 is not interrupted by the card insertion and removal. [0085] In example 427, virtual session 721 is 25 already in progress for a first player. At time 723, a card for a second player is inserted and player 35 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 identification information for the second player is saved for possible future use at time 725. Supplemental display 39 indicates that a virtual session for another player is still in progress. At 5 time 725, virtual session 721 ends because the last game played is over and no credits remain on the machine. After time 725, SCI 23 sends account data 85 and player data 87 related to virtual session 721 to central authority 21. At time 725, regular 10 session 727 begins and the previously saved player identification information for the second player is stored in account data 85. Supplemental display 39 indicates that a regular session is now in progress. [0086] In an alternative example 429, virtual 15 session 741 is already in progress for a first player. At time 743, a card for a second player is inserted. Supplemental display 39 indicates that the card insertion was not processed. At time 745, virtual session 741 ends because the last game played 20 is over and no credits remain on the machine. After time 745, SCI 23 sends account data 85 and player date 87 related to virtual session 741 to central authority 21. Supplemental display 39 continues to indicate that. the card insertion was not processed. 25 At time 747, the card for the second player is 36 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 removed. At time 749, the card for the second player is inserted again and regular session 751 begins. [0087] When compared to example 427, an advantage of example 429 is that SCI 23 does not need 5 to store player identification information for the second player while the virtual session for the first player is still in progress. [0088) It is generally unattractive or disadvantageous to end immediately a virtual session 10 for a first player when a card for a second player is inserted. If this is done, it could allow a player to cause one type of activity to be attributed to one account and a different type of activity to be attributed another account, possibly giving the 15 player an unfair advantage. [0089] Referring to Fig. 5, one embodiment of a flow of the operation of SCI 23 may be described with respect to three separate states. In a STATE ZERO, indicated by reference numeral 511, the status 20 of primary indicator 89 and secondary indicator 91 are monitored. Depending on the status of each indicator 89, 91, either a STATE ONE 513 or a STATE TWO 515 is entered. [0090] In STATE ZERO, the status of the 25 primary indicator is checked at step 517. If the primary indicator is active (indicating a player card 37 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 has been inserted), player identification information is saved at step 519, the tracking of player activity begins at step 521, and the flow is passed to STATE TWO. In STATE TWO, the flow waits for the removal of 5 the player card, no credits on the credit meter, and the last game completed, and then transmits player data to the central authority. [0091] If the primary indicator is not active as determined in step 517, the status of the 10 secondary indicator is checked at step 523. If the secondary indicator is active (indicating that a coin has been inserted prior to card-in), the tracking of player activity begins at step 525, and the flow is passed to STATE ONE. In STATE ONE, the flow waits 15 for the insertion of a player card in order to identify the player to whom the activity may be credited. [0092] Referring now to STATE TWO, the primary indicator is monitored at step 527, for a 20 change to an inactive state (indicating the removal of the player card). Upon detecting an inactive state of the primary indicator, the state of the secondary indicator is checked at step 529. If the secondary indicator is not active (indicating that no 25 credits remained on the credit meter at card-out and that the last game was completed at card-out), then 38 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 tracking stops at step 531, and player data is sent with player identification information to the central authority at step 533. The flow then returns to STATE ZERO. 5 (0093) In STATE TWO, the primary indicator changes to its active state upon insertion of the same card. The primary indicator will then be monitored at step 527 for a change to its inactive state (indicating card-out). 10 [0094) In STATE TWO, if a different player card is inserted, player identification information for the new player is saved for possible future use in step 519 while maintaining the information for the previous player. The primary indicator is not set 15 active, the secondary indicator is not reset and tracking of activity on behalf of the previous player continues as described above. After the credits attributed to the previous player are played out, and the last game started with those credits has 20 completed, tracking stops for the previous player at step 531 and player data and player identification of the previous player will be transmitted to the central authority at step 533. The primary indicator is set active indicating that the new player card is 25 inserted and flow then returns to STATE ZERO. The previously saved player identification information 39 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 for the new player will be used in step 519, and tracking on behalf of the new player will begin at step 521. [0095] In STATE TWO, if the new player 5 removes his or her player card prior to the credits of the previous player being played out, the active state of the secondary indicator will be detected at step 529 and flow will continue normally. The previously saved player identification information 10 for the new player will not be used. [0096] Referring now to STATE ONE, the state of the primary indicator is monitored at step 535 to determine if it has become active (indicating card insertion after coin insertion). Upon detection of 15 an active state of the primary indicator at step 535, player identification information is saved at step 537, the tracking of the player activity continues and STATE TWO is entered in order to wait for card out and transmission of the player data to the 20 central authority. If the primary indicator has not become active, the secondary indicator is monitored at step 539 to determine if its state has returned to an inactive state. The state of the secondary indicator may be reset to an inactive state when 25 'there are no credits remaining on the credit meter 40 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 and the last game has completed, or after a predetermined period. [0097] A time-out period is monitored which represents a predetermined time within which to wait 5 for the player to insert a player card after coins or value has been inserted into the gaming machine. The change to an inactive state of the secondary indicator will be detected at step 539, tracking of player activity will stop at step 541, and activity 10 data may be sent to the central authority at step 543. The flow then returns to STATE ZERO. (0098] As understood, the identification of the player and the generation of the state of the primary indicator may be performed by a magnetic card 15 reader, an optical card reader, a card swipe reader, a card insertion reader, a smart card reader, or other device which alerts SCI 23 by providing SCI 23 with player identification information of the player who is about to activate play on the gaming machine. 20 Devices other than card readers may be used to provide identification information and to activate the primary indicator, as for example, a biometric sensor, a fingerprint sensor, a palm sensor, a hand sensor, an eye sensor, an iris sensor, a visual 25 recognition system, an audio or voice recognition system, which provide player identity information to 41 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 SCI 23 at the time that the player is about to commence play. As understood, player or employee identity information may be transferred by radio waves or infra-red radiation from a portable, or 5 handheld device. Additionally, a casino employee using keypad 41 for example, may instruct SCI 23 to set the primary indicator 89 to an inactive state, or the central authority may be used to instruct SCI 23 to set the primary or secondary indicator to an 10 inactive state. [0099) As understood, the primary indicator 89 is reset to an inactive state upon card-out. Other means may be used to allow the player to indicate that his or her play is completed. For 15 example, where identity information is provided by a biometric device and a player card is not used, the primary indicator may be reset and the secondary indicator set active when the player identification information is no longer being provided or when the 20 source of the player identification information is no longer present. As understood, the primary indicator state may be determined in a number of ways, including sensors such as audio, visual, thermal, motion, infra-red, magnetic, light detectors, etc. 25 [00100] As is understood, the secondary indicator is reset to an inactive state when no 42 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 credits remain on the credit meter and the last game has completed or after a period of time. Additionally, the secondary indicator state may be determined in a number of ways, including sensors 5 such as audio, visual, thermal, motion, infra-red, magnetic, light detectors, tactile, position, etc. [00101] When employee identification information is provided by a biometric device and an employee card is not used, the primary indicator may 10 be reset and a tertiary indicator set active when the source of employee identification information is longer present. While active, the tertiary indicator can be used to indicate the presence of an employee. The tertiary indicator can be set inactive by an 15 employee instructions or after a period of time. [00102) As is understood, the player identification information may be used to identify a player who is associated with a player account. Also, the player identification information may be 20 used to identify a player account without identifying the player. [00103] As is understood, the activity data sent to the central authority can include state information from which types or amounts of player 25 activity may be determined. Also, the activity data can include types or amounts of player activity. 43 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 [00104] As is understood, a casino employee includes anyone who performs non-player activities on a gaming machine. [00105] As is understood, a central authority 5 may comprise multiple devices. These multiple devices may be distributed across multiple locations. A database may comprise multiple databases or stores of information. These databases or stores of information may be contained on multiple devices. 10 Data stored in the database may be combined with other information when stored. Data stored in the database may be summarized when stored in the database. [00106) As is understood, information sent to 15 central authority 21 may be buffered for a period of time before it reaches the central authority. This buffering may take placed on SCI 23. Also, the information may be transformed before it reaches the central authority. 20 [00107] While the invention has been described with reference to one or more preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. 25 In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular step, structure, or material to the 44 WO 2005/026906 PCT/US2004/029353 teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all 5 embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. 45